Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Streak artefact from left total hip replacement.Moderate right hydronephrosis and hydroureter to the level of the VUJ. There is moderate perirenal fat stranding and fluid and trace fluid in the right anterior pararenal space. No hyperdense renal or ureteric calculi. No bladder calculi. 3.3 cm right lower pole simple cyst. The 11 mm exophytic lesion in the left upper pole is smaller than the previous study.Tiny gallbladder calculus. The remainder of the intra-abdominal and pelvic organs are unremarkable on non-contrast imaging. No free intraperitoneal fluid or gas.Clear lung bases. Lumbar scoliosis. Grade 1 anterolisthesis of L4 on L5. No suspicious bony lesion. Conclusion Right hydronephrosis and hydroureter to the level of the VUJ, likely due to a calculus which has passed. A distal non-calcified calculus may also be responsible - I note the patient is HIV positive and indinavir (an anti-retroviral drug) is known to cause non-calcified crystalline calculi.Moderate fat stranding in the right perirenal space raises the possibility of pyelonephritis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 76×57×54mm mass is seen in the left kidney. The neoplasm has a similar density to normal renal parenchyma on non-enhanced CT scan. After IV contrast media injection, the attenuation value increased from 26HU to 117HU. Extension into the renal pelvicalyceal system is present. Mild surrounding fat stranding is noted. A 20mm contrast filled diverticulum is present at the medial aspect of the second part of the duodenum.Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.Grade I spondylolisthesis of L4 on L5 is present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Situs solitus with cardiac apex to the left. Atrio-ventricular concordance and ventriculo-arterial concordance.  Cardiomegaly is noted. Intact interatrial septum (IAS) and interventricular septum (IVS). The aortic arch is normal-sized and left sided. It gives three orderly branches. Normal origin, course and distribution of the coronary arteries.  A short focal 0.4 cm interrupted aortic segment is seen just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Dilated parapspinal and intercostal collaterals are seen as well as hypertropied internal mammry arteries. A small patent ducus arteriosus (PDA) is seen just distal to the left SCA and proximal to the interrupted aortic segment.  Confluent main pulmonary artery and its branches.  Prominent pulmonary veins. No evident anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.   Normal course of the innominate veins, right SVC and the visualized segment of the IVC. Clear both lungs. No pleural or pericardial collection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Gross left-sided proptosis with a low-density intracoronal mass lesion within the left orbit. The optic nerve is stretched around the medial aspect of the lesion which is predominantly of low density measuring approximately 10 HU in density. An enhancing component is seen in the inferior and medial margins. The lesion appears largely fluid-filled, though the enhancing component is concerning for tumor.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A well defined triangular lesion is seen in posterior basal region of left lung. Consolidative changes in right upper and bilateral lower lobes.The arterial supply of the opacity is derived from the aorta at the D10-D11 vertebrae level. A well defined anomalous venous channel can be seen draining the opacity directly into the right atrium.Above findings are consistent with bronchopulmonary sequestration


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Widening of the bifrontal and anterior interhemispheric CSF spaces is noted with normal sulci posteriorly. No evidence of gyral flattening or ventricular system dilatation. Cortical veins are seen traversing the subarachnoid space at high vertex.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked hepatomegaly is seen and the liver shows heterogeneous mottled enhancement with early enhancement of central liver. Hepatic veins and IVC are not identified . A 115×59 mm subcapsular fluid accumulation is seen medial to inferior portion of right liver lobe with heterogeneous content. Diffuse subcutaneous soft tissue edema is seen.A 73×60mm well-defined mass is seen at right pelvis most likely consistent with myoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large lobulated heterogenous soft tissue mass about 7x7x10 cm is seen within the mesentery. It shows heterogenous enhancement with intervening non enhancing areas of breaking down and degeneration in post contrasted images.Some mesenteric vessels are sandwiched between the mass. Superior mesenteric vessels are displaced by the mass. Another similar smaller mass is also seen posteriorly just above the left renal vein. Misty surrounding peritoneal fat. Aortic, retro-caval, retrocrural, splenic and pelvic enlarged lymph nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse thickening of the entire colon, mainly involving sigmoid and descending colon. Colonic dilatation with transverse colon diameter reaching 8.4 cm. No small bowel dilatation or pneumoperitoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial portal venous phase CT images (soft tissue window) demonstrate a large obstructing calculus within the right urinary pelvis causing mild hydronephrosis. Urothelial thickening and enhancement and marked surrounding inflammatory stranding suggest urinary tract infection (pyelitis). Axial portal venous phase CT images (bone window) demonstrate a fractured and abandoned ureteral stent coiled within the renal pelvis with surrounding calcification / encrustation leading to urinary tract obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Primary bronchogenic carcinoma anterosuperior region of mediastinum with multiple pulmonary deposits and infiltration of superior vena cava causing obstruction with collaterals.Below the diaphragm: Pseudolesion in segment 4 of liver due to superior vena cava obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dilated pulmonary arteries relative to the aorta. Right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy with flattening of the interventricular septum. Dilated bronchial arteries.Tortuous pulmonary arteries with increased peripheral vascularity and plexiform arteriopathy causing heterogenous, ground glass opacification centered around peripheral tortuous vessels.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Findings: An enlarged right upper cervical lymph node ( level II) showing significant peripheral enhancement and central necrosis, measuring 2.5 x 3.2 cm. Another necrotic lymph node measuring 12 x 13 mm is seen in the superior mediastinum, left paratracheal in location. No additional enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Average size heterogeneous thyroid gland with multiple thyroid nodules in both lobes. A few small nodular soft tissue densities are appreciable in both parotid glands which are likely small intraparotid lymph nodes.  A note is made of mildly tortuous and medialized right common and internal carotid arteries (retropharyngeal carotid artery). Impression: Enlarged heterogeneous right upper cervical and superior mediastinal lymph nodes which are likely metastatic in nature. Bilateral thyroid nodules. For further evaluation with thyroid ultrasound and FNAC.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nonobstructing left sided renal calculi, measuring up to 8 mm at the left kidney upper pole. No ureteric or bladder calculi. No hydronephrosis or hydroureter. No perirenal or periureteric fat stranding. The bladder is unremarkable.The remainder of the abdominal organs are normal. Multiple surgical anastomoses within the bowel. No bowel inflammation identified within the limitation of a noncontrast study. No bowel dilatation appreciated. Calcific densities are evident within the caecum, of uncertain aetiology, measuring up to 25 mm in keeping with feacoliths. No intra-abdominal free fluid or free air. Bilateral fat containing inguinal hernias with no evidence of inflammation.No lymphadenopathy. Lung bases are clear. Bilateral L5 pars defects with grade 1 anterolisthesis of L5 on S1. Multilevel intervertebral disc degeneration and bilateral facet joint arthropathy. No destructive osseous lesion. IMPRESSION Nonobstructing left renal calculi. No ureteric or bladder calculi or evidence of renal tract obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Septic thrombosis in the transverse and sigmoid sinuses on the right side with the thrombosis extending inferiorly in the right internal jugular vein.Gas is present within the right sigmoid sinus. The middle ear, mastoid antrum and mastoid air cells on the right side are opacified.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large pre-uterine intraperitoneal collection with an air-fluid level, extending to the pelvic wall. Enlarged uterus with mixed air-and fluid-filled collection within the uterine cavity in continuity with the pre-uterine collection through a defect of the anterior uterine wall at the incision site in keeping with dehiscence of the lower segment cesarean section incision.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Significant enlargement of the left frontal, parietal and occipital lobes with significant cortical thickening and indistinct grey-white matter differentiation. The cortical surfaces are appearing smooth with a paucity of gyri and sulci. The significant mass effect over the right cerebral hemisphere and shift of the flax cerebri to the right side.The left ventricle appears entrapped within the enlarged left frontal and parietal lobes. There is nipple like outpouching at the ependymal surface along the left parental bone which is likely extending up to the left lateral ventricle likely representing closed-lip schizencephaly.Increased density is identified in the atrioventricular area on the left side, representing accelerated myelination. The is relative sparing of left temporal and occipital lobes.The right cerebral hemisphere appears grossly unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Severe splenomegaly, with multiple hypodense areas, peripheral based, subcapsular, with rind of linear calcification in mid portion, and hypodense fluid collection surrounding spleen, with distorted capsule, likely bleeding, with regional fat stranding.Severe enlarged liver, enlarged portal vein, multiple lymph nodes enlargement (include inguinal, femoral, iliac and axillary lymph nodes).Small right indirect inguinal hernia, transmitting bowel content.Mild free fluid pelvic collection.Bilateral pleural effusion, and cardiomegaly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 12x20x22cm cystic mass is seen within the abdominal cavity containing a focus of calcification and fat associated with the pressure effect and displacement of adjacent abdominopelvic organs.The mass is not related to pelvic organs.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 27×25mm well defined partially calcified mass is noted at left upper lobe which shows slightly marginal enhancement on post contrast images.  The right subclavian artery is arising from the arch of aorta directly posterior to the esophagus, inferring aberrant right subclavian artery. A few well defined benign looking masses are seen at both breasts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse enlargement of thyroid, right lobe more than left. Right lobe measures 3.7 x 4.9 x 6.6 cm (TR x AP x CC), 56 g. Left lobe measures 2.1 x 3.3 x 5.1 cm (TR x AP x CC), 17 g. Right lobe is replaced by a large well defined hypodense nodule measuring 5.1 x 3.6 cm. Retroclavicular extension. No retrosternal extension. Mild left deviation of trachea. No luminal narrowing.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Two stones in the course of left submandibular duct. The one in left sublingual region measures 0.9 x 0.3 cm. The other in expected location of left submandibular gland measures 1.1 x 0.6 cm.Atrophy of left submandibular gland is noted.No discrete mass lesion.Right submandibular gland is normal.Bilateral parotid glands are normal.Subcentimetric bilateral level I and level II lymph nodes.Note is made for mucoperiosteal thickening of bilateral maxillary, ethmoid and frontal sinuses.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Atrophy and compression of the left hepatic lobe due to large, complex cyst containing multiple round daughter cysts and faint peripheral calcification. Larger peritoneal and left pelvic collections with the same features.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Corresponding CT cuts show a well defined lesion in proximal shaft of left tibia with a lucent rim and central dense calcification.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Hyperdense cresenteric haematoma, extending across suture lines, in keeping with an acute subdural haemorrhage. Right-to-left midline shift with subfalcine herniation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT CHESTLarge anterior mediastinal mass with bulk dimensions of 7.2 x 5cm. Lungs clear. Bilateral lymph node enlargement at the root of the neck.CT ABDOMENExtensive para-aortic, coeliac axis, porta hepatis and iliac lymph nodes measuring up to 2.3 cm. Solid organs normal. No focal bone lesion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The pancreas is swollen and there are non-enhancing areas in neck and body of pancreas; accompanied by peripancreatic and perigastric fluid accumulation and mesenteric fat stranding. Abdominopelvic free fluid is also observed. Intrahepatic bile ducts are dilated and CBD measures about 10 mm in caliber. There is not CT-detectable stone at distal of CBD. In imaged portion of lower thorax, bilateral pleural effusion with adjacent pulmonary parenchymal collapse are seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Comminuted fracture of the medial and lateral tibial plateau with the involvement of the metaphodiaphysis. A fat fluid level of lipohaemarthrosis is seen within the suprapatellar recess...Findings in keeping with Schatzker type VI.Anterior translation of tibia relative to the femur suggests torn anterior cruciate ligament.Distal femoral peripherally located benign looking lesion with sclerotic rim...Nonossifying fibroma is a high possibility.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The right ovary is enlarged, measuring 7 x 6 cm in size, heterogeneous in structure, with cystic masses peripherally - follicles. Cranial and anterior to the right ovary, a larger cystic mass is seen, measuring 16.5 x 9 x 15 cm. Small amount of free fluid is found in the pelvis. The findings suggest torsion of the right ovary.No signs of pneumoperitoneum or ileus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A soft tissue heterogeneous enhancing mass lesion with macro-calcification is noted in the posterior chamber of the right globe. Neither the optic disc nor the optic nerve is involved.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The LCMA originates from the right coronary sinus. It travels in between the aorta and pulmonary artery, roughly in the plane of the valvular cusps of those vessels, compatible with a "malignant" variant of anomalous course, namely interarterial course of the left coronary artery. There is a roughly 50% non-atherosclerotic stenosis of the proximal LMCA in its interarterial path, due to extrinsic compression.There is also a mild intra-stent stenosis of the mid- and distal RCA and CAD of the distal LMCA as well as LAD and LCx arteries.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An intraperitoneal malformed fetus in a sac. Malformed skull vault, limbs, teeth and vertebrae are visualised.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Incidental finding.Bilaterally presence of ectopic salivary gland tissue over the masseter muscle distinct from the main parotid gland.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of pneumoperitoneum with free intraperitoneal gas seen at the perihepatic region. Mild to moderate intraperitoneal and perihepatic fluid collection involving the right paracolic gutter and iliac fossa. Oral contrast leak is seen free at the perihepatic region with a contrast tract seen extending from the anterior wall of the D1/2 junction. Blurred peritoneal fat planes are more prominent at the upper abdomen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a blind ended tubular like structure in front of and communicating with the caecum and measuring about 1 cm in diameter and associated with wall contrast uptake, peri-appendicular fat stranding, mesenteric congestion and small perpendicular transudation fluids, in keeping with appendicitis. There is adjacent caecal mucosal thickening and mesenteric lymph nodes also noted.Postoperative pathology specimen confirmed acute appendicitis and excluded malignancy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The lower poles of both kidneys are seen pointing medially and seen fused across the midline by an isthmus of renal tissue, with anteriorly mal-rotated hila denoting horseshoe kidney. Multiple cysts are present at both kidneys. The largest one on right and left sides measured 64mm and 61mm respectively. A 5mm stone is observed at lower calyces of the right kidney. Mild hydronephrosis is evident at right side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The pancreas is swollen with smoothing of its contour. The pancreas shows non-enhancing confluent areas and intraparenchymal fluid in the neck and body of the pancreas. Fluid is also seen around the pancreas. Small volume ascites in the perihepatic space and the pelvis.The intrahepatic ducts and CBD are minimally dilated.The gall bladder shows wall enhancement. Suspicion of an air locule in the retroperitoneum behind the pancreas between the SMA and aorta, possibly from a perforated duodenum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: attenuated portal vein and its main branches with portal cavernoma formation at the porta hepatis and peripancreatic regions seen encasing and attenuating the common hepatic and common bile ducts with consequent mild proximal intrahepatic biliary radicles dilatation the main pancreatic duct is not dilated hepatosplenomegaly Dilated portosystemic collaterals at splenic hilum and beneath anterior abdominal wall.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The suprapubic catheter enters through the anterior abdominal. It courses inferiorly through the bladder and enters the urethral opening. It passes through the prostatic urethra. Just inferior to this, the balloon is inflated within the lumen of the penile urethra. The balloon has a volume of approximately 5ml.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Because of known renal insufficiency, imaging is without IV contrast. Small bowel obstruction with visible gallbladder stone about 15 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve and air in the gallbladder.A small volume of free fluid in the pelvis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The pudendal bundle is identified on the medial aspect of the obturator internus. A 22-gauge needle was inserted via a transgluteal approach and positioned into Alcock's canal. A mixture of celestone, bupivacaine and iodinated contrast was injected into the canal. A post procedural CT demonstrates an excellent distribution of the injection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Posterior dislocation of the left shoulder joint noted, lipohemarthrosis and a tiny chip fracture of the posterior glenoid rim.Sclerotic focus noted at the part of the humeral head behind the posterior glenoid margin; this is seen in the frontal radiographs as the rim sign and trough line sign.Simple/pseudocyst noted in the proximal humeral metaphysis.Spondylarthritic changes in the visualized dorsal spine and scoliosis.Left pulmonary apical fibrosis with cystic changes.The rest of the bones are unremarkable.The selected image demonstrates the layering of fat and blood in keeping with a lipohemarthrosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Well defined lobulated lesion appearing isodense on plain CT. The lesion is seen to have a hypodense center surrounded by multiple dilated tortuous vascular channels in the periphery of the lesion which follow similar contrast enhancement pattern as that of the portal vein in all the phases.Hypertrophied right hepatic artery is noted which is the arterial feeder for the arteriovenous malformation. The lesion is seen to the supplied by the dilated right portal vein.There is contrast opacification of the portal vein and its branches in the arterial phase, due to arterio-portal shunting.These findings are characteristic for a hepatic AVM.Ultrasound (not shown) showed a highly vascular lesion which showed multiple dilated peripheral vascular channels which showed flow pattern similar to the portal venous flow.Gross ascites is seen.Adrenal, kidneys, spleen and the pelvic organs appear normal.Diffuse wall thickening with markedly thickened haustral folds is seen involving the caecum and the ascending colon.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Two saccular aneurysmal dilations arise from the aortic arch, the largest 2.5 cm, associated with an adjacent mediastinal hypodense collection with peripheral contrast enhancement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Round fluid attenuation (10 HU) structure in the right shoulder soft tissues which appears to communicate with the acromioclavicular joint. This corresponds to the area of palpable concern (linear marker present superficially).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked mucosal thickening and total soft tissue opacification of maxillary, frontal and sphenoid sinuses as well as ethmoidal complexes merging with the nasal turbinates and causing partially obliteration of nasal cavities.Both osteomeatal complexes are obstructed.Leftward nasal septal deviation is present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderate volume scattered foci of pneumoperitoneum.Small amount of pelvic free fluid.Several foci of gas along the right lateral side wall, suggests a small bowel perforation in the distal jejunum/proximal ileum is most likely.Large bowel unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A focal defect of the right hemidiaphragm at the midline with herniation of a part of the hepatic dome.Note hepatic veins variants: 2 right / 2 middle hepatic veins / 1 left accessory hepatic vein.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Both orbits show infiltrative trans-spatial soft-tissue masses involving intra- and extraconal compartments with subsequent bilateral proptosis and stretch of both optic nerves.Paranasal sinuses show pansinusitis with destruction of medial maxillary sinus walls and left lamina papyracea, perforation of nasal septum, and chronic neo-osteogenesis along sinus walls.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-contrast images show a subtle crescentic hyperdensity, suggestive of an intramural haematoma, along the wall of the ascending aorta extending to the aortic arch.Contrast-enhanced images demonstrate an ascending aortic aneurysm (diameter 5.5 cm) with an intramural haematoma of 14 mm thickness, extending from the aortic root to the aortic arch at the origin of the right brachiocephalic trunk. Delayed post-contrast images show enhancing foci, indicative of active bleeding or intramural blood pool, within the intramural haematoma.  There is no discrete intimal entry tear.There is co-existing minimally dense, possibly hemorrhagic, pericardial fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: On chest CT scan, the bullet is causing significant artefact, and appears impacted in the left supraspinatus muscle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Typical features of intussusception involving the left hemicolon producing coiled spring -like pattern.  Note mesenteric vessels to the intussucepted bowel continue to enhance.  There is, however, gross proximal large bowel obstruction with marked distension of the caecum. Note markedly thick-walled neurogenic bladder with hydronephrosis.Rectal gastrografin shows a lobulated mass lesion at the lead point of the intussusception in the sigmoid.  The patient had an urgent left hemicolectomy with adenocarcinoma confirmed.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Plain CT scan of orbits shows reduced density of left intraocular lens (48 HU) as compared to the right (90 HU) with indistinct outlines. No calcifications.Contours of both eye-globes are maintained. Bony orbital walls are intact.These features in the setting of prior recent trauma and reduced vision, are consistent with a traumatic cataract of the left eye.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dilated small bowel demonstrates mucosal oedema, mild mesenteric stranding and prominence of the mesenteric vessels with a comb-like appearance in keeping with hyperaemia. No transition point is identified. The large bowel is unremarkable. There is a small volume of pelvic free fluid in the right and left paracolic pelvis and within the pelvis but no collection or peritoneal free gas.A right inguinal hernia contains a short loop of distal ileum and fluid, but is remote from the dilated small bowel.The liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and adrenals are normal in appearance. Multiple bilateral renal cysts noted, the largest in the left lower pole measuring 2.9 cm and the largest in the right lower pole measuring 2.5 cm. The bladder appears normal. Bulky prostate noted.The imaged lung bases are clear. No suspicious osseous lesions. Degenerative changes noted throughout the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. Conclusion Enteritis with mild small bowel dilatation. No evidence of mechanical obstruction despite the presence of a right inguinal hernia containing a small bowel loop.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Mild splenomegaly with a splenic marginally enhancing cystic lesion about 10 X 7 cm is seen. Smaller marginally enhancing cystic lesions are seen adjacent to the larges splenic cystic lesions.  A few bilateral renal simple cortical cysts (Bosniak type I). Mild prostatic enlargement. Small bilateral basal atelectatic bands.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right kidney: A large, lobulated, predominantly solid mass lesion with hypodense non-enhancing necrotic areas is seen arising from the inter-polar region of the right kidney.Left kidney: A large, lobulated, predominantly solid mass lesion with hypodense non-enhancing necrotic areas is also arising from the inter-polar region of the left kidney replacing majority of the left kidney.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large well defined cystic lesions is seen at right lobe of the liver with inner layer detachment; measuring 115×102×110mm. No evidence of inner or peripheral enhancement. An IUD is present within the uterine cavity in appropriate station. A little amount free fluid is present in pelvis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Findings: Scan demonstrates marked circumferential mural thickening and aneurysmal dilatation of a segment of the distal ileum. Morphology of the proximal small bowel loops as well as the colon is within normal limits. Multiple large mesenteric lymph nodes are seen in central and lower abdominal cavity, with the largest lymph node measuring approximately 38 x 38 mm. No significant paraaortic, pelvic, or inguinal lymphadenopathy is seen.Conclusion: Marked circumferential mural thickening and aneurysmal dilatation of a segment of the distal ileum with multiple enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and no bowel obstruction; these radiological features are suggestive of small bowel lymphoma. Possibility of the small bowel adenocarcinoma is less likely.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT demonstrates the extent of the mesenteric lymphadenopathy in addition to MRI findings.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thickened inner table of both frontal bones.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT reveals the common origin of both celiac trunk and SMA (superior mesenteric artery) as the normal variant. Also, segment VIII hypervascular hepatic lesion consistent with HCC.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: a well-circumscribed, rounded, thick wall, hypo-attenuating lesion with internal septations in the right lobe of liver with a calcified rim, representing hydatid cyst which is communicating with the biliary tree intra-luminal dense material in the distal common bile duct resulting in significant dilatation of the proximal biliary ducts, suggestive of sludge/debris  distended gallbladder another cystic lesion in the left lobe of liver


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The left renal calyces are dilated giving a multloculated appearance that has been likened to the paw print of a bear (bear's paw sign) with staghron calculus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Absence of the left pulmonary artery.Decrease volume of the left lung with mild mediastinum deviation to the left side.Normal main pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery.Normal trachea and both main bronchi.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Mediastinal fluid and gas collection that descends from the retropharyngeal space of the neck, to the superior mediastinum, anterior mediastinum and pericardial fat and under the carina, with air-fluid level and peripheral enhancement. Continuity between retropharyngeal space and mediastinum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 9 cm multicystic right renal mass.Tumour thrombus within the right renal vein and the infradiaphragmatic IVC.Normal appearance of the left kidney.Several enlarged necrotic lymph nodes at the right renal hilum measuring up to 2.4 cm.Right adrenal metastasis.No suspicious bony lesion.Right lower lobe lung metastasis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Enlarged right ovary which is centrally located in the pelvis with no central enhancement and multiple peripheral cysts (representing ovarian follicles) giving the "string of pearls" appearance and a large cyst seen along its lower pole (which could represent the lead point). Deviation of the uterus to the side of the twist, engorged vessels on the right twisted side, and right fallopian tube thickening & swirling.Indistinct left ovary.Small sized hypoplastic right kidney with compensatory hypertrophy of the left kidney.Gallbladder stone.   Power Doppler sonogram shows complete absence of blood flow in the enlarged torsed right ovary (not shown)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right renal lower pole well defined solid mass lesion measuring about 9 x 8 x 7 cm in its maximal AP, TR & CC dimensions respectively (T2a). It shows heterogeneous post-contrast enhancement. Large caudal area of necrosis, 6 x 5 cm.The mass displaces the right ureter anteriorly with no evidence of obstruction and also abutting the IVC with no evidence of infiltration. Patent right renal vein with no intraluminal thrombus. Clear surrounding fat planes with no evidence of extracapsular extension (confined to the kidney).No renal stones or back pressure changes. Preserved excretory function of the kidney. No nodal involvement. Left renal lower calyceal stone is noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: On the non-contrast phase study, we can see around 15 mm thick pericardial fluid, which is slightly hyperdense. The aorta has a normal diameter; the wall is sclerotic. It is visible that the contrast material exits through the ruptured left ventricle into the pericardium on the arterial phase.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Note: Last mobile segment is considered to be L5-S1.Acute compression fractures of the L1 and L2 vertebral bodies are noted with approximately 20% height loss at L1 and 40% height loss at L2. Mild fragmentation and displacement is seen at the anterosuperior corner of L2. A superimposed schmorl's node is seen at the L1 superior endplate.  No retropulsion or posterior element extension noted. There is associated elongated, fusiform, hyperdense material in the anterior epidural space mostly from L1 to L3, casuing moderate central canal stenosis at the L2-L3 level, in keeping with an epidural hematoma. Diagnosis was confirmed on subsequent MRI and surgery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple sub-5 mm low density lesions are seen in the liver and spleen. These lesions were difficult to discern on MRI, but are seen retrospectively.Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes seen and no evidence of lung involvement by sarcoidosis.Sclerotic bone lesions seen corresponding to the MRI findings.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Well-defined enhancing soft tissue nodule is seen in the left paraesophageal region measuring 12 mm; in light of the patient's history this is concerning for ectopic parathyroid adenoma.8 x 6 mm hypodense nodule is seen in relation to the anterior margin of the left thyroid lobe. Small subcutaneous collection noted anterior to the thyroid gland measuring about 2 x 1 cm associated with thickening of the strap muscles and stranding of the surrounding fatty planes; representing postoperative changes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nasogastric tube in the stomach.Status post-sternotomy and CABG to LAD. The cardiac compartments are enlarged. Old anteroseptal infarction with apical aneurysm.Small amount of bilateral pleural effusion with subsegmental bibasal pulmonary atelectasis.Thickened gallbladder walls with mucosal enhancement. Mild pericholecystic fat stranding.Moderate amount of free intraperitoneal fluid, mostly perihepatic, perisplenic, and pelvic.Simple renal cortical cysts, the largest is in the left kidney and measures 9 cm across.Sigmoid diverticulosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is inflammatory fat stranding mostly around the area of the gastric antrum with a hypodense transmural tract superiorly (better seen on coronal views). Associated pneumoperitoneum and free intraperitoneal fluid suggest a perforated gastric ulcer.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: NECT of the abdomen demonstrates a lot of  hyperdense stones within the common bile duct, one calculi within right hepatic duct and several stones within left hepatic duct. Dilatation of bile duct tree. Gastrojejunostomy after Billroth II gastric resection noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A metallic valve prosthesis is seen at the region of the aortic valve.  The ascending aorta is replaced by a prosthetic graft with dense felt rings marking and reinforcing the sites of anastomosis.  These findings are consistent with changes after Bentall procedure.There is accumulation of opacified blood in the perigraft space presumed from intractable leak at the region of the aortic root (perigraft leak).  The engorged perigraft space compresses the superior vena cava, main and right pulmonary arteries.A patent Cabrol fistula is seen as a tubular communication between the perigraft space and the right atrium.Intimal flap from prior dissection is evident in the arch and descending segment of the aorta.There is cardiomegaly, reflux of contrast into the inferior vena cava and bilateral pleural effusion. Post-sternotomy changes are also noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Expanded with heterogeneous hematoma is present at the rectus sheath in the left side.Similar heterogenous hematoma also is seen within the pelvic cavity with pressure effect on the left adnexa and bladder wall in the left side. There is no retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Three small hypodense lesions are seen within the spleen parenchyma.Three diverticula are seen at the second and third segments of duodenum without inflammation.atherosclerotic plaques are seen along the course of the abdominal aorta and its branches.Sliding hiatal hernia is seen.Degenerative changes as endplates sclerosis and marginal osteophyte formation are seen along with thoracolumbar spine.Mitral valvoplasty also is noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of portal hypertension: splenomegaly as well as coronary and para-esophageal collaterals. The liver volume redistribution and subtle liver surface irregularity are in favor of cirrhotic changes. Multiple focal cystic dilations of intrahepatic bile ducts are visible, more prominent in the right liver lobe, some of them show the central dot sign in favor of Caroli disease. Several small renal stones and a calcified gallstone are other findings.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral femoroacetabular impingement (cam type) is noted. Incidental finding of a right sided scrotolith within the tunica vaginalis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Oval nodule in the anterior right pleural space. Small to medium left effusion with pleural thickening and nodularity. Trace loculated anterior pericardial effusion. Few enlarged anterior costophrenic angle lymph nodes.Several low-attenuation liver lesions, likely cysts. Two low-attenuation splenic lesions. Left greater than right adrenal thickening. No renal lesions. Extensive periaortic/retroperitoneal soft tissue/adenopathy. Prominent gastrohepatic ligament soft tissue abuts the pancreas. Oval nodule above the transverse colon. Two small nodules in the left lower retroperitoneum.  Pelvic adenopathy. Cocoon/encased appearance of the small bowel within the mesentery. Very large mass centered within the mesentery. Soft tissue and peritoneal thickening with fluid surrounding the encased small bowel loops. Small amount of free pelvic fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple ring-enhancing lesions with few showing eccentric dot within (suggestive of scolex) noted in both supratentorial and infratentorial location. There is perifocal oedema.See the selected postcontrast images showing a cyst with dot sign in left frontal lobe.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Massive splenomegaly (23 cm in maximal coronal diameter).Porto-systemic collaterals identified mostly around the spleen.Splenic vein is not identified likely due to a chronic thrombo-occlusive disorder.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Slight aneurysmal aortic dilatation just above the diaphragm with plaque ulceration - unchanged, compared to a previous study done 2 years earlier (not shown).Stenosis at the origin of the celiac trunk and SMA - unchanged.Long infrarenal saccular aortic aneurysm with a maximal diameter of 73 mm at its superior portion and 66 mm at its inferior portion, compared to 67 mm and 64 mm, respectively, on the previous study. The aneurysm terminates caudal to the origin of the right CIA and contains a large mural thrombus with a linear infiltration of contrast material, representing fissuration. There is chronic dissection in the wall of the aneurysm, demarcated by delicate punctate arcuate calcification traversing the large thrombus. All findings are visible on the previous study. Additional findings: All chambers of the heart are dilated. There is reflux of contrast material into the IVC and hepatic veins without pulmonary embolic disease, indicative of right heart failure.Bilateral moderate pleural effusion.Large hiatal hernia containing approximately half of the stomach.Bilateral simple cortical renal cysts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Motion artifacts in the upper abdomen, the patient had breathing difficulties.Soft tissue density lesion measuring 5.3 x 5.0 cm noted in the left suprarenal region showing peripheral nodular enhancement with centripetal filling in the portal venous and delayed phases, isodense to the aorta in all phase. The left adrenal gland is not separately visualized.A similar lesion is also noted in segment VI of the liver suggestive of hepatic hemangioma.The neck of the gallbladder shows a calculus.Incidental note on a lipoma in the lateral abdominal wall on right side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Ill-defined lesion in the right frontal lobe with significant perilesional vasogenic edema and mild mass effect on the anterior inter-hemispheric fissure.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT scan shows the following features: ovoid structure of fat-density in the left iliac fossa, adjacent to the sigmoid colon measuring (3.5 x 3.4 x 2 cm) thin peripheral high-density rim "hyperattenuating ring sign"  no significant thickening of the adjacent colonic wall surrounding inflammatory fat stranding with thickening of the adjacent peritoneum central hyperdense dot is noted, representing most likely the thrombosed vascular pedicle Hiatus hernia is noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Post-contrast CT with MPR and 3D reconstructions revealed: markedly reduced caliber of the IVC with irregular outline diffuse extensive dilated vascular collaterals involving the abdominal walls, peritoneal, retroperitoneal and pelvic cavities prominent azygos and hemiazygous veins hypodense right hepatic lobe segment VIII lesion. (incidental finding). no current filling defect in the IVC is seen 3D VR and surface rendering image shows the disfiguring abdominopelvic swelling


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pre and post IV contrast abdominal CT scan shows mild circumferential thickening of ileal bowel loops with thrombosed distal branches of the SMA and subsequent thrombus formation in the SMV. Some bowel loops show mucosal and serosal enhancement with target appearance. One of the affected bowel loops does not show any enhancement consistent with a gangrenous segment.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Chest Large hiatus hernia containing the entire stomach (which is not distended nor volved), body and tail of pancreas, large bowel (splenic flexure), omentum and vessels (including the splenic artery and vein). Normal enhancement of the stomach wall. Scarring in the lung apices. No suspicious lung nodule or mass. Right pleural thickening. Dependant collapse in the lung bases. No pleural effusion. No lymphadenopathy. Cardiomegaly. No pericardial effusion. Abdomen and Pelvis Intrahepatic biliary dilatation. The CBD measures up to 13mm is more prominent than expected this age group and post-cholecystectomy status. Dilated pancreatic duct within the pancreatic head (6mm). Air and fluid filled duodenal diverticulum. Calcified liver granulomas. Subcentimetre hypodense right kidney lesions too small to definitively characterise on CT but are likely cysts.The spleen, left kidney and adrenal glands are normal. Colonic faecal loading. No lymphadenopathy, free fluid or gas. 2.7cm x 2.2cm x 3.0cm left adnexal mass, possibly ovarian in origin although the left ovary is not identified. Skeletal Degenerative change without destructive osseous lesion. Lumbar scoliosis, convex to the left. Conclusion  Large hiatus hernia containing the entire stomach, pancreas, large bowel, omentum and vessels. No peripancreatic fat stranding to suggest pancreatitis although I note serum lipase is elevated. Whilst the stomach does not appear volved on this study the presence of retching is a concerning clinical feature for volvulus. Intra and extrahepatic biliary dilatation. 3cm left adnexal cystic lesion may be ovarian in origin and could be further assessed with pelvic ultrasound.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a soft tissue mass density causing filling defect in the right main bronchus extending to the bronchus intermedius measures 1 x 1 cm in axial diameters. It also causing collapse consolidation in the right lower and middle lobes associated with air bronchograms. Minimal right sided pleural effusion is noted. No mediastinal or axillary lymph node enlargement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Previous posterior fossa decompression.Gracile left optic nerve.Cortical dysplasia and closed lip schziencephaly in the right parietal lobe.Absent septum pellucidum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple mandibular and to lesser extent maxillary osteomas. The largest osteomas involves the right hemi-mandible.The patient is and edentulous. There is unerupted presumed supernumerary teeth in the region of the left maxillary canine and the left mandibular canine. Within the teeth bearing areas of the maxilla and the mandible, there are multiple areas of other calcification - ossification; probably represent complex odontomas.There is a presumed complex odontoma in right anterior maxilla with identifiable crown anteriorly; the latter is surrounded by a halo of lucency.There is hypoplasia of the frontal sinuses. The inferior alveolar nerve canals are small and laterally displaced and encroached by the multiple osseous lesion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large area of cortical and deep white matter low density is observed in the right frontal lobe with effacement of the sulci in this region, appearances being typical of acute infarction. Extensive hyperdensity of the middle cerebral artery is consistent with thrombosis. The large infarct is causing relatively mild mass effect with compression of the right lateral ventricle but no midline shift or compartment herniation. Basal subarachnoid cisterns are preserved.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A hyperdense metallic foreign body is seen within the mid-portion of the splenic parenchyma associated with lower pole splenic laceration measuring about 1.9 x 2.3 cm, as well as minimal perisplenic free fluid and air foci indicating pneumoperitoneum. ِAs noted on pulmonary window images, the tip of the metallic object is seen penetrating the left copula of the diaphragm, with associated left basal pleural reaction and thickening. A skin defect is noted within the mid-portion of the left lateral anterior abdominal wall associated with surgical emphysema which extends to the abdominal cavity where minimal fat stranding and a rim of free fluid are noted. The related muscle appears bulky suggesting muscle hematoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The uterus contains several small myomas less than 35mm. A 76×67×40mm cystic/solid mass with internal fat density component and a 7mm calcified focus is seen at right adnexa. A 57×44×39mm mass with a large fat density component is also noted at left adnexa. Both ovaries cannot be defined separate than the mentioned masses. There is no sign of local invasion to adjacent structures and no regional lymphadenopathy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT brain performed approximately two weeks after CT sinuses.   There is a large, extra-axial, subdural collection which measures 8 mm in maximal depth with marginal enhancement overlying the convexity of the right fronto-parietal lobe and posterior falx cerebri. There is loco-regional mass effect with mild bowing of the falx cerebri to the left, however there is no significant midline shift, hydrocephalus or tonsillar herniation.Post contrast CT reveals diffuse cortical gyriform enhancement of the fronto-temporal lobe consistent with meningitis. Subtle hypodensity of the subcortical white matter of the right fronto-parietal region may represent vasogenic oedema or less likely cerebritis.No intraparenchymal enhancing lesions. No suspicious osseous lesions. The dural venous sinuses are clear within the limitations of this study. The paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear.Imaging findings are suggestive of an extensive right supratentorial subdural empyema likely secondary to sinusitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Posterior right frontal lobe arteriovenous malformation without haemorrhage or adjacent oedema.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Acute right temporal lobe haematoma involving cortex and subcortical white matter. There is extension into the overlying subarachnoid space but no sub/extradural or intraventricular blood. Ovoid in shape with no finger-like projections. Mild localised mass effect.Severe periventricular and deep white matter low attenuation in keeping with small vessel change.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: In the left lobe of the liver is a large lobulated hypodense mass with some faint peripheral enhancement. It measures up to 9.2 cm with internal density of approximately 40 HU. In liver segment VII is a smaller 1.2 cm hypodensity. Reduced portal venous phase attenuation is noted within the left lobe of the liver. Periportal oedema. Portal veins are patent. No lymphadenopathy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 60×40×50mm partially calcified cyst is noted at right liver lobe which shows no obvious enhancement on post contrast images.An 8mm gallstone is present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Postoperative status after shunt tube placement within the aforementioned cystic lesion seen running along the posterior surface of right cerebellar hemisphere (cystoperitoneal shunt tube).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right subdiaphragmatic abscess with air-fluid level (9 x 7 x 6 cm).Evidence of right diaphragmatic discontinuity in the middle portion with extension of the abscess to the right lung lower lobe.Air space consolidation/collapse of right lung lower lobe with evidence of lung necrosis.Nodular opacities with tree in bud appearance throughout both lungsProminent mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an 8 x 10 mm lobular area of hyperattenuation anterior to the midbrain. A tiny amount of hyperattenuation along the right central sulcus is compatible with a small amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A sizable medial splenic cystic lesion is noted. It is well circumscribed and surrounded by splenic parenchyma, occupying the upper pole of the spleen, mildly exophytic from its medial surface stretching overlying splenic tissues and capsule. It is measuring 13 x 11.5 x 12.7 cm in AP, SS and CC dimensions respectively. It showed multiple coarse mural calcifications with no appreciable post contrast enhancement. It is of high-density homogenous fluid content. Clear surrounding splenic parenchyma. No other splenic lesion identified.Three hepatic focal lesions are noted at segments III (1.3 cm), segment II (1 cm) and segment IVB (1.8 x 2.7 cm). All of them showed peripheral nodular enhancement at porto-venous phase with homogenous fill-in at delayed phase, mostly multiple hepatic hemangiomas.The spleen is markedly enlarged reaching 24 cm at coronal dimension with normal tissue characters. Dilated splenic (15 mm) and portal (17 mm) veins with good opacification and patent lumen. No evidence of arterioportal shunting or portal vein thrombosis.The liver shows moderate enlargement of the right lobe measuring 20 cm at CC dimension in MCL reaching the right iliac crest. Left hepatic lobe and caudate lobe are not enlarged. This is associated with dilated hepatic veins, suggestive of passive congestive hepatosplenomegaly.Right renal middle calyceal stone measuring 5 x 6 mm with no back pressure changes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large ill-defined lesion containing air and fluid is seen in the left lumbar and left iliac fossa regions displacing the surrounding bowel loops associated with adjacent bowel loop wall thickening and smudged mesenteric fat planes. Evidence of sigmoid colon diverticulosis is also noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Infrarenal aorta is included in the horizontal part of the duodenum without signs of bleeding.Air in the aortic wall with thrombosis in the right internal iliac artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-enhanced images show hyperdense lesions (due to hyper hypercellularity) in the pineal and suprasellar regions. Both the lesions show intense homogenous post contrast enhancement. Large area of cystic formation is seen in the suprasellar region.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple well defined round lesions are seen within the liver the larger ones being subcapsular, showing late arterial phase enhancement and equilibrium phase washout, typical of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver shows morphological features of cirrhosis in the form of nodular surface and parenchyma. Enlarged spleen. No ascites. Patent dilated portal vein and its branches.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Three days later CT done and shows a large cavitary lesion is seen affecting mainly the superficial lobe of the left parotid gland and reaches to the deep lobe. It has heterogeneous peripheral enhancement. It involves and enlarging the left medial pterygoid and masseter muscles with posterolateral displacement of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. The inflammatory lesion is effacing the left parapharyngeal fat without significant compromising the related airway. The lesion enlarges and measures 6.4 X 5.7 X 9.4 cm in maximal dimensions with tiny air foci noted within. A radio dense drainage tube is noted abutting the lateral surface of the lesion and noted in the related significantly thickened subcutaneous tissues. Subcutaneous fatty stranding with skin thickening seen involving mainly the left aspect of the face and neck.Multiple enlarged bilateral cervical and submental lymph nodes, mainly on the left side at multiple levels.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple enlarged discrete lymph nodes involving bilateral lower deep cervical, bilateral axillary, mediastinal (namely superior mediastinal, pre-vascular, retro-caval, carinal, zygo-esophageal and aorto-pulmonary lymph nodes) and broncho-pulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes as well as abdominal lymph nodes (namely para-aortic, retro-peritoneal, periportal and mesenteric lymph nodes) as well as inguinal lymph nodes.Hepatomegaly. Shrunken spleen (autosplenectomy). Thickening of the omentum and mesentery.The examined skeleton showed sclerotic lesions of variable size diffusely distributed in the spinal column, the pelvis, shoulder girdle and hip region. Some of the lesions are poorly defined and some are well circumscribed.