Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A hypodense retroclival mass with associated bony destruction is noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large heterogeneous enhancing left adrenal mass. Enhancing mass appearing to involve the right kidney, extending along the presumed course of the left renal vein with heterogeneous enhancement of the inferior vena cava. No focal pulmonary lesion identified. Non-specific arterial enhancing lesion in the right posterior liver.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large left-sided perirenal hematoma, with contrast blush indicating active extravasation Hypoenhancing left kidney, with negligible contrast excretion.   Nephrostomy drain displaced, ending outside the kidney Simultaneous presence of extensive low density retroperitoneal collection is in line with urinoma Moderate hydronephrosis on the left, hydroureter, distal ureterolithiasis Other findings: subtle pleural effusion on the left kidney cysts known fusiform, partially thrombosed AAA affecting the right common iliac artery too small hiatus hernia normal excretion of contrast on the right with incidentally depicted contrast jet into the bladder


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Replacement of the normal single channel portal vein with numerous tortuous enhancing collateral vessels are seen in the peripancreatic region and porta hepatis indicative of cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Draining into the collateral vessels is the dilated splenic vein. The superior mesenteric vein and its tributaries are likewise dilated and appear to drain into the afore mentioned collaterals. The right and left intrahepatic branches of the portal vein are attenuated.The liver shows mild atrophic left lateral segments (segment II and III) with hypertrophy of the caudate lobe and segment IV,  the liver shows fat density.Wandering spleen is mildly enlarged and seen at the left lumbar region.Calculous cholecystitis.Inflammatory bowel disease in the form of fat submucosal deposition seen in the descending colon, sigmoid colon and the rectum (fat halo sign), with diffuse loss of the colonic haustrations.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Incidentally noted large intra-luminal filling defect (saddle thrombus) straddles the pulmonary artery trunk bifurcation extending into the main right and left pulmonary arteries as well as also along the anterior and posterior segmental and subsegmental branches of the upper and lower pulmonary lobar arteries partially occluding their lumens. Liver shows no significant time interval changes regarding the previously noted Pneumobilia and mild to moderate intra and extrahepatic biliary dilatation and mild progression of CBD dilation and abrupt cut of it distally at the pancreatic head suggestive of underlying pancreatic head isodense lesion.Pancreas showing mild atrophic changes involving body and tail with a progression of pancreatic ductal dilatation with an abrupt cutoff to it at the pancreatic head.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-contrast volume acquisition. 2.3 cm low density (23 HU) lytic lesion is centred on the crown of an unerupted left mandibular wisdom tooth (38). It is mildly expansile with some cortical thinning of the medial mandible no soft tissue component. No other focal osseous lesions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked asymmetrical enlargement of the right breast with multiple heterogeneous parenchymal masses and ipsilateral enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Enlarged right internal mammary lymph nodes are seen.Severely enlarged spleen with no focal lesions within.Multiple discrete and amalgamated pathologically enlarged para-aortic and retrocrural lymph nodes.Bilateral ovarian heterogeneously enhancing masses.Mild ascites.Diffuse heterogeneous osseous texture with L1 and L3 anterior vertebral wedging and left iliac bone osteolytic lesions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Well defined lobulated homogeneously hypodense cystic lesion with a thin enhancing wall in the posterobasal segment of the right lower lobe. There is an arterial branch arising from the descending thoracic aorta just above the level of aortic hiatus of the diaphragm which is seen to supply the lesion. Venous drainage is via the right inferior pulmonary vein. Lung window images show the presence of air trapping in the adjacent lung parenchyma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: complete absence of the intracranial part of the left internal carotid artery total absence of the osseous left carotid canal left middle cerebral artery is supplied from the posterior circulation hypoplastic P1 segment of the left PCA with large PCOM (fetal PCOM)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Findings:  Atherosclerotic changes are seen in the major vessels of the abdomen and pelvis with mild stenosis at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. An abrupt filling defect is seen within the distal segment of the superior mesenteric artery most likely related to thromboembolic event. Relatively decreased mucosal enhancement and subtle mural thickening are seen in the distal ileum. No abnormal bowel dilatation, free fluid, pneumatosis intestinalis, or pneumoperitoneum is seen. Surgical sutures are seen around the ileum (past history of strangulated right femoral hernia with resection of a small segment of proximal ileum & primary re-anastomosis). The right kidney is relatively smaller, with an irregular outline and parenchymal thinning. Multiple small hyper enhancing focal lesions are noted in the liver, which are likely flash filling hepatic hemangiomas. Markedly dilated right atrium and hypertrophied left ventricular wall. Small hiatal hernia. Ectatic thecal sac in the lower lumbar spine. Impression:  An abrupt filling defect in the distal segment of the SMA with relatively decreased mucosal enhancement and subtle mural thickening in the distal ileum; these radiological features are suggestive of acute small bowel ischemia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial (with coronal and sagittal reformats) show an anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the posterior aspect of main pulmonary trunk.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dilated, fluid-filled retrocaecal appendix with several appendicoliths.Large area of mucosal discontinuity along the medial aspect, with extraluminal air and fluid.Peritoneal thickening and enhancement in the right paracolic gutter.Few reactive ileocolic lymph nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A well defined homogenous enhancing mass lesion measuring about 49×44mm in diameter was noted in the left central abdomen.The left kidney is relatively larger than right side. Moderate dilatation of the left pyelocaliceal system is evident. Renal parenchymal thickness at the left lower pole is decreased. Contrast excretion of the both kidneys is symmetric.The uterus is retroflexed. Perimetrial vessels are predominant. Small amount of fluid was noted in the pelvis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large mixed density hematoma in the retroperitoneum on the left, extending into the left hemipelvis. Fusiform aneurysm of the infra-renal abdominal aorta with hyperdensity in the mural thrombus. Interventricular septum sign present, usually indicative of anemia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Duplex right kidney with bifid ureter, appearing to unite at the level of the pelvic brim. Ureteric calculus in the lower moiety ureter, just prior to the apparent union, and results in moderate right lower moiety hydronephrosis and adjacent fat stranding.Renal calculi in the right upper moiety with dilatation of the calyces proximally indicating some obstruction. Non- obstructive right lower moiety calculus. Normal appearing left kidney with two calculi in the left lower pole.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: High attenuation abnormality with multiple small foci of calcification in the left parietal lobe cortex, with large venous collaterals extending into the superior sagittal sinus. No acute haemorrhage.The remainder of the intracranial appearances are normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT scan showed features of acute appendicitis.However, there was an incidental note of narrow retroaortic left renal vein draining into the IVC (RLRV).Note the splenorenal collaterals with the engorged left ovarian vein along the course of the left ureter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple intramural air bubbles are seen in the wall of splenic flexure and proximal of descending colon, better seen on lung window, inferring pneumatosis coli. No intraperitoneal free air is noted.The prostate gland is mildly enlarged. Degenerative changes such as osteophytosis are seen in the lumbar spine.Grade I spondylolisthesis of L5 on S1 is present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Findings: Small right femoral hernia containing a small bowel loop (proximal ileum). Moderately dilated stomach and jejunum with a large amount of fluid and air-fluid levels within the dilated bowel loops and a zone of transition within the right femoral hernia. Mild to moderate ascites. A few sections through the lower chest show mild left pleural effusion with changes of partial collapse/consolidation of the left lower lobe.  Conclusion: Acute small bowel obstruction due to strangulated right femoral hernia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thrombosis of superior mesenteric vein and several smaller branches. Nonocclusive thrombus in the main portal vein. Mesenteric congestion. Small ascites. Dilated proximal small bowel, which transitions into a segment of hypoenhancing, thick-walled small bowel in the lower abdomen. Following this segment distally, there is gradual return of enhancement starting with the mucosa, and gradual resolution of submucosal edema.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a lobulated intra-axial mass of mixed density in the right frontal lobe measuring (5.8 x 5.5 x 5 cm), composed of hypodense cystic areas/isodense areas to the cortical grey matter with moderate enhancement, and central/peripheral calcification. Surrounding vasogenic oedema is noted with a mass effect on the midline structures and subfalcine herniation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large intra-dural extra-medullary dumbbell soft tissue mass, extending through a widened left T8-T9 exit foramen with moderate enhancement and areas of central necrosis. Associated adjacent bony remodeling of the borders of the neuroforamen and dorsal contour of the T8 vertebral body.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bi-frontal craniotomies with bilateral subdural drains. The bilateral subdural collections have reduced in size, now measuring 8 mm on the right and 9 mm on the left. Small volume acute blood within both collections. Small volume pneumocephalus. Marginally reduced mass-effect on cerebral sulci and bilateral lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle. No intra-axial haemorrhage. No CT evidence of established infarct.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT exam showed dilated enlarged appendix at a sub-hepatic location with appendicolith within (corresponding to the posterior acoustic shadowing on sonography) associated with surrounding fluid collection, fat smudging and thickening of the related peritoneal reflections.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of previous right hemicolectomy. No complication or intra-abdominal collection evident. In the mid descending colon, there is eccentric wall thickening and an enlarged diverticulum with surrounding fat stranding and thickening of the adjacent perirenal and lateral conal fascia in keeping with acute diverticulitis. Multiple other diverticuli are concentrated in in the sigmoid colon. No pericolic collection or free gas is evident to suggest perforation.Gas within urinary bladder likely related to recent removal of IDC. Conclusion  Mid descending colon acute diverticulitis with no complication evident. No complication related to the right hemicolectomy demonstrated.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A gastric band is noted with tubing and subcutaneous port intact. It lies in an abnormal position beyond the horizontal, around the mid part of the stomach. There is marked eccentric dilatation of the pouch. Distal stomach is collapsed. No gastric wall oedema, hypo-enhancement or intramural gas. Contrast passes distal to the gastric band.Multiple gallstones.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 2.5 cm left upper lobe tumour (consistent with CXR findings), contiguous with the mediastinum but not frankly invading. Otherwise normal lungs with no other significant nodules, nor hilar/mediastinal nodal enlargement. No effusion. Simple left renal cyst, otherwise normal included upper abdomen and skeleton.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The gallbladder is distended, showing mild mural thickening and mural enhancement with surrounding inflammatory fat stranding. No radio-dense stone is detected in the lumen of the gallbladder and biliary ducts. No dilatation of the intra and extrahepatic biliary ducts is noted.Included sections from the lung base demonstrate; air space consolidatory changes with basal atelectasis predominantly in the right side. Incidental retro-aortic left renal vein. Rest of examination is unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Free fluid is present in both paracolic gutters, the small bowel mesentery and pooling in the pelvis. There is a density gradient indicating there has been bleeding and this is not just simple fluid. The distal small bowel is thick walled and hypoenhancing over a length of 15 cm, approximately 15 upstream from the ileocaecal valve. A band of high attenuation streaking is present across the lower anterior abdominal wall fat indicating a lap belt injury. No free gas seen.No solid organ, pulmonary or skeletal injury. No contrast extravasation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT study shows excess submucosal fat deposition involving the rectum (fat halo sign) with associated extramural deposition of fat leads to significant thickening of the perirectal fat and widening of the presacral space


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The pancreatic body and tail is oedematous with surrounding fat stranding. An post contrast imaging there are areas of non-enhancing pancreas within the body in keeping with small areas of necrosis. In the left upper quadrant there I extensive multiloculated collections which appear well retroperitoneal. One of the collections extends into the left diaphragmatic crus. Prominent portal and splenic veins have developed since the prior CT. Para-oesophageal soft tissue density – lymph node vs. varices. Liver, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys and gallbladder are unremarkable. Bowel is unremarkable. Reactive thickening of the posterior stomach wall. Trace pelvic free fluid. Lung bases are clear. No suspicious bony lesion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 1.5 cm spiculated mass in the apical segment of the right lower lobe.Innumerable miliary nodules, with a rather ground-glass appearance throughout both lungs.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A well-defined spontaneously hyperdense ovoid lesion is seen at the roof of the 3rd ventricle measuring (2.6 x 2 x 1.8 cm), obstructing the foramen of Monro bilaterally with moderate dilatation of the lateral ventricles (obstructive hydrocephalus).The tip of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is well-visualised at the occipital horn of the right lateral ventricle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large solid enhancing mass occupying most of the left kidney.Several lesions in the right kidney, the largest 1.7cm in the lower pole which is solid.Hemihypertrophy of the torso.Lungs clear.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intracranial calcification identified in  pineal gland choroid plexus globus pallidus dentate nucleus bilateral cavernous ICA


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Antecolic roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Oral contrast extends into the mid/distal small bowel without obstruction. The proximal jejunum just beyond the ligament of Treitz has a swirled/clustered appearance with minor proximal mesenteric edema and slight enlargement of lymph nodes. Narrowing and swirled appearance of the superior mesenteric vein with multifocal narrowing of its small bowel branches. Focal narrowing of the proximal SMA as it swirls. Notice how all of the small bowel is midline or left midline. The terminal ileum is stretched leftward across midline toward the clustered nonopacfied small bowel.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 12×9 mm stone is noted within distal left Wharton’s duct, accompanied by proximal duct dilatation and left submandibular gland enlargement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an intraluminal cystic lesion in the duodenal second portion with the cyst wall similar to the duodenal wall. There is no sign of obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Long segment bowel wall thickening is seen involving the proximal ileal loop. A large rent (size – 1.2 cm) is seen in the wall of the proximal ileal loop with extravasation of bowel contents into the peritoneal cavity. • A suspicious tiny rent is seen in the distal jejunal loop.• Pneumoperitoneum present.• Moderate free fluid is seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The initial CT study illustrates a well-defined 4.1 cm fat-containing ovoid mass with a thick capsule and dystrophic mural calcification in the upper abdomen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Abnormal rounded cluster of proximal small bowel left of midline with suspected hernia orifice lateral and posterior to the inferior mesenteric vein. Thickening and submucosal edema in the antrum and pylorus. Complex inflammatory right upper pole renal mass.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral symmetrical fusiform and marked enlargement of extraocular muscle bellies, with sparing of their tendinous insertions and proptosis. Apex crowding caused optic nerve compression. Retrobulbar fat is increased too.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT venography demonstrates hypoattenuating thrombus in the posterior sagittal sinus, the straight sinus, as well as the transverse and sigmoid sinus especially on the left, extending into the left jugular vein. The "empty delta sign" is visible on axial scans at the level of the posterior superior sagittal sinus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multicystic lesion of the posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe with the presence of air within (infected). The lesion shows a systemic arterial supply taking origin from the descending thoracic aorta above the diaphragm. The venous drainage is via the pulmonary venous system.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive subarachnoid haemorrhage within bilateral cerebral sulci (relatively symmetric), Sylvian fissures, interhemispheric fissure, basal cisterns and fourth ventricle. The cerebral sulci are effaced.Subdural haematomas overlie bilateral cerebral hemispheres measuring up to 7 mm in maximal depth overlying the posterior parietal lobes. Blood also layering along the right tentorium cerebelli.Extension of the cerebellar tonsils 10mm below the foramen magnum. Narrow ventricles likely due to raised intracranial pressure. Small locules of gas within the left middle cranial fossa.Supratentorial grey-white differentiation is reduced but not completely absent and the brainstem is of relatively low attenuation compared with cerebellar parenchyma. Conclusion  Extensive bilateral subarachnoid and subdural haemorrhage. Loss of grey-white differentiation, swelling and cerebellar tonsil herniation indicate diffuse cerebral edema. Minimally displaced fracture within the occipital bone with extension into the left parietal bone. Small locules of intracranial gas and adjacent haemorrhage.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dilated fluid filled appendix with a thin wall and small mural calcification. The surrounding fat is normal. Small volume of hypodense ascites.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small bowel is massively dilated, thick-walled, and filled with fecalized material. Ill-defined transition point in the pelvis with heterogeneous enhancement. Small amount of free intraperitoneal air. SMA is thrombosed proximally with minimal distal reconstitution of a few branches, likely via IMA collaterals. Celiac origin is narrowed due to median arcuate ligament impression. Poor filling of SMV. Heteregenous perfusion of the liver and spleen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nondilated proximal-mid small bowel. Short segment mildly thickened and faecalized small bowel leading into an abrupt and narrowed transition point in the right lower quadrant leading into a cluster of mildly hypoenhancing fluid-filled small bowel loops with mesenteric oedema and vessels radiating toward the narrowing. Second transition point immediately adjacent to the proximal as the terminal ileum leaves this cluster.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse low attenuation with sulcal effacement in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery.  No midline shift.Hyperdense left MCA from the M2 segment origin.No haemorrhagic transformation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A solitary splenic lesion, completely calcified, consistent with splenic hydatid infection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The stomach is massively distended with food contents. There is extensive pneumatosis in the gastric wall.Extensive portal venous gas is demonstrated in the right lobe of the liver. No arterial or venous occlusion is identified.There is no free intraperitoneal gas. There is moderate free fluid in the pelvis.No focal parenchymal lesion demonstrated in the liver. The spleen, pancreas, adrenals and kidneys are normal.Moderate faecal loading demonstrated in the colon with moderate proximal dilatation. No small bowel dilatation.Conclusion:Massively distended stomach with extensive pneumatosis and portal venous gas in the liver, likely reflecting venous ischaemia and gastric wall necrosis.There is moderate free fluid but no free gas to suggest perforation


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Defect is seen in the anteroinferior wall of the gallbladder with fluid density collection in the pericholecystic and subcapsular causing scalloping of the hepatic margins. Another collection is also seen along the caudate lobe of the liver which is abutting the inferior vena cava and the main portal vein. No vascular thrombosis is seen. Mild pelvic ascites is also noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT images showed dilated small and large loops of bowel with multiple air-fluid levels. A transition point is seen in the left hypochondrium where the transverse colon invaginates into the splenic flexure, giving the bowel-in-bowel appearance. Onion peel appearance is demonstrated on the coronal images. There is a fat attenuation lesion as the lead point, most consistent with a submucosal intestinal lipoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A linear hyperdense structure (fish bone) measuring about (2.6 * 0.2 cm) is noted lying horizontally in the left paraglottic space about 6 mm up the superior margin of the left lamina of the thyroid cartilage.Associated soft tissue thickening with loss of adjacent facial planes suggesting inflammation.The rest of the study is unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large bilateral irregular, lobulated, enhancing adnexal masses, The left has a tubular component which is thickened, and hyperenhancing, coursing along the medial periphery of what is likely the ovarian component. The right has a larger central fluid component. Extensive peritoneal thickening and enhancement with small to medium amount of ascites. Stranding throughout the upper abdominal omentum. Serosal thickening/hyperenhancement of the small bowel diffusely.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Irregular hetero-enhancing masses are seen at right breast causing skin thickening.Smudging of the fat planes is seen surrounding the superior mesenteric vessels and their branches within the root of the small bowel mesentery, accompanied by several prominent mesenteric lymph- nodes.The hepatic attenuation value is less than of the spleen, suggesting fatty liver disease. The right kidney is relatively smaller than the left kidney with anteriorly rotated hilum.Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Elongated ventrally deviated hook like sternal Xiphoid causing focal epigastric bulge mimicking epigastric mass.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Scimitar vein draining into inferior vena cavaMild shift of the heart to the midline due to hypoplasic lung.CT contributed by Dr Lazaro Delgado


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Cylindrical dilatation of bronchial tree in middle and lower lobes of both lungs, more pronounced in the left side. Bronchial wall thickening.Patchy air space consolidation in superior segment of left lower lobe.Situs inversus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is telescoping of distal ascending colon into right third of transverse colon – representing intussusception. No intestinal obstruction. There is heterogeneously enhancing plaque-like lesion as the lead point of intussusception measuring 1.7 cms in thickness and 3.6 cms in width, likely representing neoplastic lesion.There are 3-4 prominent enhancing pericolic lymph nodes in the right lumbar region largest measuring 1.1 x 0.8 cms, suspicious for metastases. No necrosis.    There is severe atrophy of pancreatic parenchyma with visualization of minimal periductal parenchyma.  Multiple intraductal calculi are noted in the head and uncinate process region largest measuring 9.4 x 4.0mm.  No ductal dilatation. These features are consistent with chronic atrophic pancreatitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Stranding of left orbital pre-septal soft tissues reflecting cellulitis. Moderate edema of the left lacrimal with central hypo-attenuations favoring significant intra-glandular inflammatory edema. Mild anteromedial displacement of the ocular globe (slight proptosis). Mild retro-orbital/intraconal fat stranding reflecting cellulitis.No left ocular globe or optic nerve sheath invasion. Intact osseous structures. No mass lesions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Status post total thyroidectomy showing postoperative changes in the form of diffuse subcutaneous thickening and two surgical drains are seen within the operative bed in anterior lower neck regions.Endotracheal and NG tubes are seen in situ.Unremarkable the rest of supra and infrahyoid neck soft tissue spaces.Diffuse smudged mediastinal fat planes and areas of fluid density disseminated in the mediastinal compartments with faint marginal enhancement are seen, encasing the SVC which showed filling defect within possible thrombosis associated with an enlarged necrotic subcarinal lymph node.Bilateral subsegmental posterior consolidation and multiple patchy areas of ground-glass density scattered in both lungs suggestive of inflammatory changes.Bilateral mild pleural effusions are seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Foreign body is noted in the right main bronchus. Air trapping is noted in the right lung.Some atelectatic changes are noted in the right middle lobe.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: These are axial CT cuts in hepatic venous phase used for CT volumetry, where hepatic veins appear opacified, using 8 mm slice thicknessGall bladder dense stone is seen


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Uterus: Normal in size with multiple ill-defined hypodense lesions, with peripheral area of hyperenhancement in fundus extending along the posterior wall of the uterus. Few non enhancing hypodense areas are noted within (necrosis). Prominent engorged parametrial vessels are noted.Both ovaries appear bulky with multiple cysts, likely to be theca luteal cysts.Lungs: Few scattered solid nodules, few of them in subpleural location are seen in both lungparenchyma - suspicious for pulmonary metastases..


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: multiple wormian bones, parietal bossing, absent frontal sinus on the left side, high odontoid process, though not sufficient to label basilar invagination supernumerary teeth


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Complex tibial plateau injury involving both compartments, the tibial spine and the posterior corner leading to joint instability.Lipohaemarthrosis.No fibular, patellar or femoral fracture.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is herniated small bowel loop through defect lateral to rectus muscle in the left lower abdomen, in linea semilunaris region, surrounded by minimal free fluid, enhanced bowel wall, causing proximal distended bowel.Also noted another smaller hernia with fatty content on the right side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a 3*4 mm cortically based lesion with a central osteolytic (nidus) and peripheral sclerosis in the medial femur neck on the left side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Gas within the urinary bladder lumen and bladder wall are consistent with emphysematous cystitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 7.1 x 3.2 cm nonenhancing lesion within the left frontoparietal region.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Lap band device noted in situ. The phi angle measures 60 degrees. There is no extraluminal contrast extravasation from the well distended stomach. No surrounding stranding.There is no free fluid or free gas.Evidence of previous cholecystectomy is noted. The liver, spleen, adrenal glands and pancreas are normal in appearance. Mild prominence of the common bile duct is likely secondary to previous cholecystectomy. Small hypodense renal lesions are most likely cysts however these are too small to be adequately assessed on this study. Presumed previous hysterectomy. The surgical clip projected within the left hemipelvis likely secondary to prior tubal ligation. No bowel abnormality.Apart from mild atelectasis, the lung bases are clear. Conclusion Findings are most consistent with collapse and slippage with the phi angle measuring 60 degrees;. No CT evidence of extraluminal contrast extravasation from the stomach. No other potential cause for the patient's pain is identified.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Well-defined cystic structure measuring approximately 3.5 cm in diameter located in the right cardiophrenic angle, abutting the right heart border. This is most likely a pericardial cyst.In addition, there is a right-sided pleural effusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are numerous duodenal and jejunal diverticula.A jejunal diverticulum shows signs of micro perforation with increased density of the adjacent adipose tissue.There is also a small peritoneal effusion.In the upper quadrants some loops are dilated with parietal hypertonus, adherent to each other.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Filling defect is present within the few branches of right portal vein in favour of thrombosis. Partial thrombosis also is noted within the distal portion of splenic vein and mid portion of splenic artery, accompanied by marked spleen enlargement and several peripheral areas of hypo-attenuation and non-enhancement in favour of infarct. Perisplenic fat stranding is observed.Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Homogeneous lytic lesion isodense to muscle in the T12 vertebral body measuring 30 x 29 x 20 mm (laterolateral x AP x CC) with thickening of the surrounding trabeculae (mini brain sign). The lesion breaches the posterior wall of the vertebral body and bulges into the spinal canal at its left paramedian aspect, narrowing the lateral recess and displacing the thecal sac to the right. Both upper and lower T12 endplates are fractured where they border on the lesion. Radiographic appearance suggestive of solitary bone plasmacytoma.Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) - lumbarization of S1.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 35 x 25 mm partially exophytic low enhancing mass is noted at lateral aspect of left kidney causing adjacent fat stranding. There is no sign of local invasion to adjacent structures. Lymphadenopathy is observed at left para-aortic regions. Several small adjacent stones are seen at left kidney, accompanied by mild hydronephrosis.   Mild irregularity of liver margins, enlarged caudate lobe and splenomegaly, in keeping with cirrhosis.Extrahepatic bile ducts are dilated and CBD measured 15 mm in caliber, without identifying detectable stone or enhancing mass within CBD.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 5 x 5 cm abscess in the gallbladder fossa.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT chestDestruction of both the vertebral body and right sided posterior elements of T10 with a large low-attenuation paravertebral component measuring up to 2 cm in depth. This extends into the central canal.Further more minimal destruction of the anterior aspect of T11. The disease seems discocentric.15mm nodule in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast.Lungs clear.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Severe right hydronephrosis. Moderate left hydronephrosis.Massive cystic mass which occupies a large portion of the abdomen, extends along the presacral space, and caudally with a large extrapelvic component conforming to the gluteal soft tissues. The overall shape of the mass resembles a "dumbbell", with the waist of the dumbbell in the presacral region (American Association of pediatric surgery section classification type II). No enhancing soft tissue component or calcifications are identified. The mass displaces the abdominal organs and large and small bowel without definite bowel obstruction. There is a presumed rectal tube present. Example measurements of the mass are as follows:Intra-abdominal component maximum axial measurement: 5.4 x 7.2 cmExtra-abdominal/gluteal component maximum axial measurement 6.6 x 8.5 cm.Total craniocaudal extent of the mass: 15 cm.IMPRESSION:1. Very large dumbbell shaped cystic mass with large intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal components. Imaging features are characteristic of a benign mature sacrococcygeal teratoma. No enhancing or solid soft tissue component of the mass is identified. The mass is likely responsible for obstruction of the kidneys, and results in severe hydronephrosis of the right kidney and moderate hydronephrosis of the left kidney. There is mass effect on the intra-abdominal organs and bowel from the intra-abdominal component.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nasogastric tube tip is in the antrum.Large midline epigastric hernia containing the antrum, pylorus and first part of the duodenum. The stomach is distended, with a large amount of gas in the gastric wall (pneumatosis gastrica), most probably denoting ischemia. Fat stranding, small amount of fluid and gas bubbles in the hernia sac. Abrupt, filiform "bird's beak" transition point, barely enabling a trickle of contrast material into the duodenum. The first and second duodenal segments show wall thickening. Small amount of free extraluminal air which escaped from the gastric wall.Umbilical hernia containing part of the right colon (splenic flexure) and gas bubbles. Calcific foci in the uterus in line with fibroids. S-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis with advanced degenerative changes and status post L1 compression.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Lung bases:  multifocal small airspace opacities in the right lung base.Bowel: there is mild diffuse wall thickening with diffuse marked enhancement involving the small bowel and the proximal large bowel (cecum, ascending and transverse colon). No appreciable wall injury.Retroperitoneal space: diffuse fluid attenuation is noted in the retroperitoneal space including the pancreatic bed and around the IVC. No appreciable pancreatic parenchymal injury. Diameters of the IVC and aorta are preserved.Liver: there are circumferential areas of decreased attenuation surrounding the portal venous branches throughout the liver. No evidence of hepatic parenchymal injury.No additional significant pathology noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The appendix is dilated and thick walled, with surrounding stranding in keeping with acute appendicitis. Moderate surrounding inflammatory change, with no extraluminal gas or collection.At the base of the appendix in the caecum, there is a hyperdense mass. Pericaecal fat stranding is also demonstrated. Enlarged ileocaecal lymph nodes are present.In the right liver there is a hypodense lesion. Conclusion: Suspected caecal cancer obstructing the appendiceal orifice, with acute appendicitis. Right liver hypodense lesion in this context is suspicious for a metastasis. MRI liver is suggested for further evaluation and to identify any other metastases.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: In the posterior fossa, abutting the inferior surface of the tentorium is a large vividly enhancing mass with a central region of cystic change.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 5 mm anterior left paramedian frontal lobe contusional haemorrhage.Linear midline frontal bone fracture continuing posterior to the coronal suture as the sagittal suture.The remainder of the intracranial appearances are normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Mesenteric mass with radiant fibrotic bands, with subacute ischemic changes on adjacent jejunoileal bowels. Multiple other hypervascular nodules are seen throughout bowel.Liver metastases as well.Typical findings of a gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor found at a late stage.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nasogastric tube in stomach. Gastric band appropriately positioned at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ).Stomach is grossly dilated. Entire length of small bowel is dilated with numerous air-fluid levels and gradual contrast material dilution. Transition point at distal terminal ileum, caused by LAGB connecting tube. Distally, terminal ileum and colon are collapsed.Minute amount of free intraperitoneal fluid in right small pelvis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right frontal peripherally enhancing extradural collection with air, in continuation with frontal sinus opacifcation. The left anterior paranasal and maxillary sinuses are also opacified.No other intracranial abnormality. No venous sinus thrombosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT brain (non-contrast): There is a small, uniformly hyperdense, regularly-shaped ovoid haematoma within the left midbrain/left cerebral peduncle measuring 16 mm (ap) x 8.5mm (trans) x 11mm (cc), estimated volume using the ABC/2 rule about 1cc. There is a surrounding rim of hypoattenuation in keeping with vasogenic oedema that extends as inferiorly as the left side of the pons and superiorly as the posterior limb of the left internal capsule, compatible with evolving vasogenic oedema no additional focus of intracranial haemorrhage is identified. No evidence of acute ischaemia. Ventricles, cisterns and sulci are within normal limits for age. No hydrocephalus or midline shift. No calvarial fracture suspicious bony abnormality seen. Opacification of several ethmoid air cells. Other paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear.CTA Circle of Willis (not shown): No vascular abnormality is identified in the region of the left midbrain haemorrhage. There is no evidence of the CT angiographic 'spot sign' to suggest dynamic haemorrhage at the time of examination.Conclusions:Small left midbrain intracerebral haemorrhage with surrounding halo of vasogenic oedema, with no hydrocephalus. An underlying lesion is suspected (e.g. cavernoma or tumour)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Patchy ill-defined ground glass opacities are seen at both lungs particularly at subpleural regions. Additionally, a few atelectatic bands are scattered bilaterally.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large hiatal hernia with intrathoracic displacement of stomach, gastro-oesophageal junction(GOJ), left colonic flexure as well as the corporeocaudal segment of the pancreas.Bilateral parapelvic renal cysts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The liver is enlarged and has diffuse fatty infiltration with a  well-circumscribed hepatic dome subcaspular nodule measuring about 13x10x6 mm, displaying a fat density with internal tiny soft tissue densities without post contrast enhancement consistent with pseudolipoma of Glisson capsule. Right renal simple cyst  ( Bosniak I) is also noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral extensive fenestral and pericochlear otospongiosis, reaching the anterior IAC walls, with IAC diverticula, more on the right.Associated left round window stenosis by otospongiosis.Bilateral stapedial prostheses.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left sided acute intracerebral haematoma, with its epicentre in the basal ganglia/external capsule. The haemorrhage extends into the intraventricular system.  There is no subarachnoid haemorrhage.There is partial effacement of the left lateral ventricle but no hydrocephalus or significant midline shift.Mild generalised cerebral volume loss. Mild periventricular low attenuation in keeping with small vessel change.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Upon arrival to our emergency department, a non-contrast brain CT scan performed.There is dependent layering intraventricular material which appears relatively hyperattenuating to the CSF, mostly represents pus.The ventricles are dilated with periventricular hypoattenuation, suggestive of active hydrocephalus.The provisional diagnosis here is intraventricular rupture of the right periventricular cerebral abscess complicated by ventriculitis and active obstructive hydrocephalus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large fairly well-defined fat-rich mass lesion, arising from the right lower pole of the right kidney, causing splaying and compression of the rest renal parenchyma and pelvicalyceal system (the lesion predominantly contains fat density component (mean HU: minus 60-80). Few soft tissue components are also seen. No calcification.On contrast studies, the lesion shows heterogeneous enhancement. Multiple Intratumoral and peritumoral tubular vascularity are seen. Good contrast excretion is seen from the right kidney.The lesion closely abuts the inferior margin of the right lobe of the Liver. No focal lesion is seen in hepatic parenchyma. The lesion displaces and compressesIVC. Bowel loops are displaced anteromedially by the lesion.CT features are strongly suggestive of fat-rich renal angiomyolipoma (AML). The rest of the scanned organs are showing no definite suspicious lesion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Faecal material, particularly in sigmoid and rectum, is fluid-like. Mild hyperaemia and wall thickening is noted involving proximal sigmoid colon, descending colon to the splenic flexure. Distal transverse colon is featureless and dilated to 72 mm. Mid transverse colon is mildly thick walled with mild hyperaemia. Hepatic flexure, ascending colon, caecum within normal limits. No evidence of large or small bowel obstruction. Small bowel within normal limits.The liver is enlarged spanning 21.4 cm but otherwise normal. Numerous small calculi are noted in the gallbladder without features of cholecystitis. Spleen at the upper limits of normal, 11.8 cm. Adrenal glands and kidneys are within normal limits. Prominent renal pelvis and mild calyceal dilatation is in keeping with hydronephrosis, the ureters can be traced into the bladder, no focal bladder lesions. Gas within the bladder is due to recent catheterisation.No lymphadenopathy.No suspicious bony lesions. Fusion of the right sacroiliac joint while the left sacroiliac joint demonstrates sclerosis and minor erosions at the inferior aspect.Right subsegmental lower lobe atelectasis. Small non-circumferential pericardial effusion, no anterior pericardial effusion.ImpressionColitis with some features suggesting inflammatory bowel disease as a possible cause given sacroiliac joint changes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are FOUR specific findings of sickle cell disease on this single bone window coronal CT:  splenomegaly - the pain was thought to be due to an acute sequestration crisis patchy bone sclerosis  avascular necrosis of the right femoral head - flattening with subarticular sclerosis and fragmentation  H-shaped vertebral body - reflecting end-plate micro-infarcts


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an elliptical shaped hypodense ( HU is - 110)  homogenous well-circumscribed mass located between the right internal oblique and transverse abdominous muscles, most probably intermuscular lipoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an increase in the attenuation of the spleen, reaching 505 HU.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The right renal artery has a "string of beads" appearance consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia. There is a large aneurysm arising from a superior branch. Left nephrectomy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral extra-axial collections with hematocrit levels compressing the brain parenchyma. Smaller area of higher density along the anterior right hematocrit level and in the left frontal region.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The portal vein with its right and left main branches are distended with luminal thrombosis.The splenic vein is completely thrombosed, and the spleen is enlarged showing multiple wedge-shaped non-enhanced areas representing splenic infarcts.The superior mesenteric vein is thrombosed.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Scan acquired soon post-thrombectomy.Despite recanalisation, there is evidence of left MCA territory infarct with hypoattenuating brain, loss of cortical differentiation and mass effect. Similar territory as the restricted diffusion on pre-treatment DWI sequence.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The small bowel is markedly dilated down to the distal ileum.Transition point centrally down within the pelvis, approximately 10-20cm from the terminal ileum.Small volume pelvic free fluid.  No free gas.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A well-defined solid mass of the left lobe with exophytic growth. The mass demonstrates peripheral homogenous wash in of contrast on arterial phase with washout on venous and delayed phases. Abnormal filling of the left branch PV on the arterial phase of contrast administration may suggest possible arterioportal shunt. A small hypodense filling defect of the left branch PV may correspond to small thrombosis. Enlarged spleen. Recanalised periumbilical vein. Minimal right pleural effusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-contrast abdominal CT shows small kidneys with severe parenchymal atrophy and cortical thinning.There is small cortical renal cyst on right and small calculus in lower calyx on left.No hydronephrotic dilatation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Transverse fracture of the olecranon process with a gap as well as comminution of the displaced fragment. No involvement of the coronoid process. Findings are consistent with type IIb fractured olecranon. Mild oedema of the subcutaneous tissues overlying the posterior aspect of the elbow.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The stomach is completely herniated through the diaphragmatic hiatus into the thorax and is rotated along its long axis. Proximal part of duodenum (D1), a segment of transverse colon, and abdominal fat have also herniated into the thorax. There are no signs of acute obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple hypervascular masses are seen at liver parenchyma which show washout on PVP and delayed images. The largest one measured 45mm. Additionally, a 73×56mm well-defined partially exophytic mass with small foci of peripheral calcifications and inhomogeneous enhancement is noted at pancreatic body. There is no sign of local tumoral invasion to adjacent structures and no vascular encasement.The prostate gland is mildly enlarged.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large encapsulated mass measuring approximately 32 cm by 27 cm by 25 cm in craniocaudal, transverse and AP diameter extending from the level of the fundus of the stomach to the dome of the urinary bladder. The lesion is of fat density with diffuse groundglass opacity, multiple intemal septations and sparse punctate calciﬁcations. It is intimater related to the anterior and lateral aspect of the left kidney and displaces small bowel and colon. No enlarged abdominal, retroperitoneal, pelvic or intrathoracic modes.There is a 4.4 cm left adrenal mass, solitary 2.7 cm segment 6 hepatic hypodensity and a 6 mm left basal pulmonary module.Bulky fibroid uterus with IUD in position. Normal ovaries and adnexa. No ascites Impression:  Large encapsulated mass, imaging characteristics are consistent with a liposarcoma. The left adrenal and hepatic lesions are likely metastatic. 6 mm left basal pulmonary nodule is indeterminate and may also be a metastasis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Sigmoid volvulus; typical "swirling" mesentery and calibre change (see coronal images). Maximal dilatation 12 cm, with approimately 100 cm of involved colon. No pneumatosis or perforation. No obstructing mass or extraluminal lesion.The proximal colon and small bowel are not obstructed. Local inflammatory changes around the colon on the mesenteric border and along the mesentery. Small volume free fluid in both paracolic gutters and the pelvis, but no collection or significant nodal enlargement.Left lower renal calculus and simple cortical cyst. Otherwise normal kidneys, liver, biliary system, spleen and adrenal.Lung bases clear.Normal included skeleton.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Peripheral poorly defined liver non enhancement in keeping with liver infarction.Associated hyperdense subcapsular haemorrhage and haemorrhagic ascites.Bulky, heterogeneous uterus with prominent arcuate vasculature and moderate volume haematometra.  Small focus of enhancing intracavity material in keeping with retained products of conception.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Aortic dissection extending into abdominal aorta, coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The left renal artery arises from the false lumen. Absent contrast enhancement of most of the left kidney consistent with an acute renal infarction. Left lower renal pole enhances, being supplied by an accessory renal artery arising from the true lumen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A rounded hyperdense lesion located near the interventricular foramina of Monro. Although the bodies of the lateral ventricles are prominent, the temporal horns remain small, the brain sulci are not effaced and there is no transependymal oedema to suggest acute obstructive hydrocephalus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Splenectomy. Nodule projecting inferiorly from hepatic segment 4b. Numerous small round omental and peritoneal nodules of varying sizes. Cluster with a larger nodule in the left mid-abdomen. Larger cluster in the right pelvis adjacent to bowel loops with a small calcification.