Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Inhomogeneous mottled liver with significant nodular enhancement of the central liver parenchyma and irregular outlines of liver (the so-called nutmeg liver) with hypertrophy of caudate lobe associated with non-visualization of the hepatic veins and massive ascites.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A defect in the umbilical region with a narrow neck and trapped distal ileal loop having normal wall enhancement and proximal small bowel obstruction.   Minimal free fluid is seen in the pelvis.Corpus luteal cyst is seen in the left ovary.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: FINDINGS: A small well-defined outpouching having a small mural calcification, is seen at the anteromedial aspect of the thoracic aorta at the site of the aortic isthmus, which is likely a ductus diverticulum. Aortic dissection with intimal flap is noted in the thoracic aorta commencing at the T8 level and extending inferiorly along the right anterolateral aspect of the whole abdominal aorta into the right common iliac artery, it’s both external and internal branches as well as the scanned proximal right femoral artery. It has a smaller false lumen and a larger true lumen; both of which are well-opacified. The celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, right renal, and right common iliac arteries are arising from the false lumen. Partial occlusion of the right common iliac, external iliac, and scanned right femoral arteries and near-complete occlusion of the right internal iliac arteries are noted. A clear discrepancy is seen in the enhancement pattern of both kidneys (hypoperfused right kidney), which needs close follow-up. No gross solid abdominal visceral injury, intra-abdominal free fluid, or pneumoperitoneum is seen. Incidental finding of multiple diverticula along the descending colon without any radiological evidence of diverticulitis. Mild fat stranding or soft tissue thickening is seen around the distal descending thoracic and proximal abdominal aorta. Bilateral lung contusions (more evident in the left lower lung), bilateral minimal pneumothoraces, mild bilateral pleural effusions, mild surgical emphysema in the left chest wall. Changes of partial collapse/consolidation are seen in the dependent portions of both lungs. Multiple bilateral posterior rib fractures (right 5th -8th and left 3rd -6th ribs). Slightly displaced fractures involving the spinous processes of T4-T8 vertebrae. Mild degenerative changes are seen in the thoracolumbar spine.CONCLUSION: These findings are in keeping with post-traumatic Stanford type B aortic dissection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an 85 × 75 mm hypoattenuating mass in the liver that shows early peripheral nodular discontinuous enhancement with centripetal filling and delayed blood pools. Large central necrotic components are also evident.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A lobulated well-encapsulated mass showing fat and calcification inside; seen deeply seated in the pelvis, posterior in the midline and to the left side of the uterus appears to arise from the left adnexal (ovarian) region, with an isodense area is seen in the periphery of the lesion, likely represents ovarian stroma. No obvious post-contrast enhancement is seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intravenous contrast material not administered due to chronic renal failure.Streak artifacts due to ECG leads.Nasogastric tube in the stomach.Right basal pulmonary consolidation with air bronchogram. Moderate right-sided pleural effusion.Cholecystoduodenal fistula evident with an air-contrast material level in the gallbladder and pneumobilia in the left biliary tree and common bile duct.Large duodenal diverticulum in segment 2 measuring 5.0 cm in diameter.Dilated small bowel loops, up to 3.8 cm in diameter, containing multiple air-fluid levels. Large laminated noncalcified gallstone measuring 4.7 x 2.3 cm in the terminal ileum, with intraluminal contrast material around it and along the colon and rectum. The caecum is collapsed, with several small diverticula and a small intramural lipoma.Two exophytic cystic lesions in the right kidney, the larger measuring 2.5 cm in diameter - most probably renal cysts.The urinary bladder is catheterized and empty, with two diverticula in its anterior wall.Numerous sigmoid diverticula.Small left inguinal hernia containing fat.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intermediate attenuation omental caking and peritoneal nodularity. Small amount of ascites. Subtle right subdiaphragmatic nodules slightly indenting the liver surface. Tubular mass in the arising from the right lower quadrant containing a few flecks of calcification. The outlines are better seen on the delayed images. The tip of the mass appears discontinuous/has perforated. Malignant small bowel obstruction due to serosal invasion in the right mid abdomen. Small left inguinal hernia containing mutinous ascites. Larger right inguinal hernia containing non obstructed ileum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Irregularity of the arterial wall of the horizontal petrous part of the right internal carotid artery with small hypoattenuating foci within corresponds to tiny air locules in the right petrous canal.Otherwise, bilateral ACAs, MCAs, ACom are normal.Vertebrobasilar arteries are normal as well.No significant brain parenchyma abnormalities noted.yellow arrow: irregularity of the opacified arterial lumen. tiny air locules noted nearby.red arrow: raised fracture bony chip.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Massive fusiform ascending aortic aneurysm involving the root/sinuses of Valsalva, 8.8 cm AP. Left ventricular dilation. Brachiocephalic ectasia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The appendix is of normal calibre and measures 5.9mm.Diverticulosis of the sigmoid, stranding of the meso-sigmoid, thickened fundus of the urinary bladder, mild thickening medial wall of the caecum and stranding of the meso-appendix is seen. Subcentimetre right colic lymph nodes observed.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: No parenchymal or extra-axial haemorrahage, mass or collection. No features of infarction.Normal basal cisterns and ventricular configuration.No skull vault or skull base abnormalities, no fracture. Partial opacification of the right maxillary sinus consistent with benign mucosal disease.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Prominent articulated os lunula is seen. To the radial side a small os triangulare is present. No traumatic injury.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Very large vascular papillary masses projecting into the bladder lumen, with two large masses near the base and smaller mass near the dome containing small flecks of calcification. Right bladder base mass partially obstructs the right ureter at the ureterovesicular junction. No adenopathy or solid organ metastases.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large mass laterally in the right cerebellar hemipshere. It is predominantly isoattenuating to grey matter with some internal low attenuation foci. It demonstrates moderate heterogeneous enhancement. There is no calcification. There is vaogenic oedema in the adjacent cerebellar white matter.The 4th ventricle is partially effaced. There is crowding at the foramen magnum with effacement of the 4th ventricle outflow tracts. Mild dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles in keeping with hydrocephalus. Flattening of the posterior globes in keeping with papilloedema. There is tortuosity of the optic nerves and intrasellar arachnoid herniation. The findings are in keeping with raised intracranial pressure.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pulmonary angiography shows no sign of thromboembolism. There is a tortuous and dilated bronchial artery arising from the descending aorta with an aneurysm with calcified walls. Atherosclerosis of the aorta is also demonstrated. The lungs exhibit mosaic pattern of attenuation with cystic bronchiectasis in the left lower lobe and inferior lingular segment. Fibrosis and cicatricial atelectasis are also demonstrated.  Other findings: nonspecific hypodense lesion in the lower pole of the spleen calcified plaques at the base of the renal arteries without significant stenosis hypodense nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid gland small gastric hiatal hernia


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT enterography study revealed circumferential mural thickening and mucosal enhancement of the rectum, sigmoid and descending colon with dilated perisigmoid vasculature and hyperattenuation of the adjacent fat.Normal CT enterography study of the small bowel loops.Two tiny (segment VIII & IV) hepatic cysts.Right renal cortical cyst showing fine enhancing internal septae (Bosniak II)Small uterine fibroid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dual-Energy CT (DECT) aortogram study in a patient with recent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Reconstituted conventional CT angiogram images (Figure A and B) shows hyperdense material in the right posterolateral aspect of the excluded aneurysm sac (arrow) which is in close proximity to the origin of a left lumbar artery (arrow head)Post-processing DECT virtual contrast/iodine overlay images clearly depict orange colored area in the excluded aneurysm sac confirming with certainty the presence of a type II endoleak.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Linear calcification within the 4th ventricle extending via the foramina of Luschka.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple pulmonary metastases are demonstrated. Hyperdense lesions are seen in the right breast, right paraspinal muscles, and left lattissimus dorsi musle.No mediastinal, hilar or axillary lymphadenopathy. No pleural or pericardial effusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large cystic mass in the left lower lobe with air-fluid level and decompressed dependent floating membrane. Mild mediastinal and left hilar adenopathy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Findings: A heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass lesion, containing multiple cystic areas in it, is seen in the left oropharynx/tonsillar region. The lesion is extending across the uvula to the opposite side and invading the base of the tongue. No suspicious bony erosion/destruction is noted. A few enlarged lymph nodes are seen on both sides of the neck, with the largest node noted at right level III showing central necrosis. A heterogeneous nodule containing a few calcifications measuring 16 x 12 mm is seen in the left thyroid lobe. A few sections through the upper lungs demonstrate mild bilateral apical pleural thickening (suggestive of old granulomatous disease) and mild emphysematous changes.  Left otomastoiditis.Conclusion: Left oropharyngeal mass lesion invading the base of the tongue and extending across the midline to the opposite side along with bilateral upper cervical lymphadenopathy. Possible differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and malignant soft tissue sarcoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The superior mesenteric vein appears dilated. There is evidence of filling defect in the superior mesenteric vein and its tributaries due to an isodense material within the lumen of the veins suggestive of acute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.The thrombosis is extending from the spleno-portal venous confluence to the main tributaries of superior mesenteric vein.There is mild mesenteric fat stranding noted.Mild amount of free fluid noted in the dependent part of peritoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CORONARY ARTERIES: Right dominant coronary circulation.ANOMALOUS ORIGINS / COURSE: There is an anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) from the posterior wall of the proximal main pulmonary artery (8.4 mm above the pulmonary valve level) – compatible with ALCAPA (anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery).LMCA trifurcates into left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX) and ramus intermedius (RI) arteries.Multiple arterial collaterals are noted between the left and right coronary artery systems, mainly between the diagonal & septal branches of LAD and acute marginal branch of RCA. Multiple arterial collaterals are also noted between RCA and LAD & LCX in the interventricular septum and in myocardium.LEFT MAIN: LMCA measures 11.8 mm in diameter at the level of ostium and 2.7 cm in length. It trifurcates into LAD, LCx and ramus intermedius (RI). LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING :  Type: III Proximal: dilated measuring 11.2 mm in diameter. No stenosis.Mid and Distal: NormalDiagonals: D1 is a good caliber, early branch measuring 7 mm in diameter. It is normal.  LEFT CIRCUMFLEX : Proximal: Dilated measuring 7.3 mm in diameter. Courses posteriorly from origin to enter into the left AV groove.Distal: NormalObtuse marginals: OM1 is normal.  RIGHT CORONARY : Proximal: Fusiform aneurismal dilatation noted measuring 19 mm in diameter. It courses anteriorly and to the left to reach anterior to main pulmonary artery and then courses back to enter into right atrioventricular groove. No thrombus.Mid: Dilated measuring 13.2 mm in diameter.Distal: Fusiform aneurismal dilatation noted measuring 20 mm in diameterPosterior descending: Two in number, ectatic and are normal.  Posterolateral ventricular branch: Normal


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in right cerebral hemisphere, mostly involving frontal and parietal lobes, with feeding vessels from branches of MCA and ACA and a vein draining into right transverse sinus.Small basilar tip aneurysm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large, heterogeneous, relatively low-density mass lesion in the humeral head with foci of calcification, mostly at its periphery. The lesion breaks through the bone circumferentially, involves the glenohumeral joint, and displaces the nearby muscles with loss of the intervening fat plane. Its low density is suggestive of a chondroid matrix.There is a non-enlarged, rounded, axillary lymph node lacking a fatty hilum - cannot be ruled out as metastatic.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Partial opacification of the left middle ear cavity, aditus ad antrum and mastoid air cells.Partial destruction of the intervening bony septa between mastoid air cells, with cortical bony defect along the lateral aspect of left mastoid process and internal tiny bony fragments.Adjacent proximal part of left sternocleidomastoid muscle is diffusely enlarged showing mild heterogeneous post-contrast enhancement, with rim-enhancing cystic lesion (abscess formation).No erosions of middle ear ossicles, tegmen tympani or scutum.Adenoid hypertrophy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: ICD lead is penetrating through the right ventricle and its tip is lying outside the heart within the soft tissues of the left anterior chest wall just above the upper border of the left 6th rib costochondral junction. No pericardial effusion is seen. Minimal pleural reaction is noted in the left costophrenic angle and mild atelectatic changes are seen in both lower lobes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Midline anterior abdominal wall umbilical defect with herniation of omentum as content into subcutaneous fat. No bowel content or incarceration.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 62mm simple cortical cyst is noted at lower pole of right kidney.Increased wall thickness due to tumoral infiltration is present at rectosigmoid colon measuring about 12cm in length. Surrounding fat stranding and air bubbles are also evident suggestive for bowel loop perforation. Some free air bubbles are also scattered in peritoneal cavity. Several small lymphadenopathies are also observed in the vicinity of diseased segment.The prostate gland is enlarged.Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Focal narrowing or waisting of the intrahepatic inferior vena cava with a linear filling defect.Hepatomegaly, including the caudate lobe, and heterogeneous enhancement of the liver parenchyma. Segment V is notably hypodense to the rest of the liver. Also, multiple small nodules are seen throughout the liver.The hepatic veins are not visualized. The portal vein is normal in caliber and enhances homogeneously. There are few collateral vessels (e.g. hepatorenal, recanalized umbilical vein).Splenomegaly.Ascites.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Numerous pulmonary nodules and masses scatttered throughout all the lobes.No pleural or pericardial effusion. No axillary, hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. No evidence of mass causing tracheal deviation. No breast lesion or axillary lymphadenopathy.The kidneys are slightly atrophic and contain multiple hypodense cysts, too small to characterise. No solid lesion seen. Uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulosis. The uterus is not seen, consistent with prior hysterectomy. Fatty atrophy of the pancreas. The remainder of the abdominal and pelvic viscera are unremarkable. No abdominal or inguinal lymphadenopathy. No free intraperitoneal fluid or gas.S-shaped lumbar scoliosis. 4 mm anterolisthesis of L4 on L5. Previous L4 laminectomy. No suspicious bony lesion. Conclusion  Numerous bilateral pulmonary 'cannonball' metastases. No primary seen. No evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral pulmonary emboli. A wedge-shaped area of parenchymal change within the peripheral left lung base may indicate developing pulmonary infarct or haemorrhage.There is transverse cardiomegaly and a low density (~55HU) thrombus is seen within the left ventricular apex.Moderate volume of bilateral pleural effusions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse decrease in bone density is seen. Kyphosis of the spine with syndesmophytes and ankylosing of the spinal vertebrae are seen. Calcification of the interspinous ligaments are also seen. Severe changes of sacroiliitis is noted with bony erosion, vacuum phenomina and sclerosis at the inferior iliac component of the SI joint. However no complete ankylosis seen. No evidence of fracture.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is acute small bowel obstruction. The transition point is due to the gastric band which is endoluminal and migrated from the stomach. In the stomach, the disconnected / fractured band tubing passes through the medial wall of the cardia where it has perforated through. The free end of the disconnected / fractured band tubing is in the gastric lumen. The remainder of the band tubing and port in the abdominal wall is well positioned.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is decreased wall enhancement of distal small bowel loops compared to the proximal loops, with total occlusion of the distal superior mesenteric artery. No pneumatosis intestinale, portal venous gas or pneumoperitoneum.There is also total occlusion of the left renal artery, with delayed global parenchymal enhancement of the left kidney and also demonstrates multifocal wedge-areas of no enhancement indicative of left renal ischemia.  Absent contrast excretion by the left kidney as well in the delayed phase.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: White matter hyodensities with foci of calcification noted at both parieto-occipital lobes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Oval-shaped well-defined cystic lesion is noted at the left side of the neck resting on the left ala of thyroid cartilage (left side of larynx), deep to the left strap muscles. It shows intact smooth uniform non-enhancing thick wall with homogenous fluid density content averaging 15 HU.Inferiorly it ends just at the upper border of the left thyroid lobe. Superiorly, it ends just at the lower border of the left submandibular gland and hyoid bone. It is anterior to the carotid sheath which remains intact. Anteriorly, stretching left strap muscles and anterior jugular vein.No relation to the sternomastoid muscle. It peaks to the midline.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thickened bowel mucosa with narrowed lumen around caecum/ascending colon. No pneumoperitoneum.No chest, hepatic or bony lesions. Simple renal cysts (off these images).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderate intrahepatic biliary radicle dilatation with a dilated common hepatic duct and common bile duct. multiple stones are seen in left hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct as well as within gallbladder. The calcified stones average 300 - 400 HU while the poorly calcified range below 140 HU.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Subtle thickening/nodularity of the omentum. No free fluid. Slightly ill-defined area of low-attenuation in hepatic segment six without definite solid organ metastasis (favored to be geographic fat, but should be followed). Prominent left extrarenal pelvis versus narrowing at the proximal pelviureteral junction (a chronic finding). Uterus surgically absent. No discrete adnexal mass. No primary tumor identified within the abdomen. Incidental note of very heavy calcifications of the aortic valve.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Rounded minimally enhancing lesion within the lateral ventricle near the foramen of Munro with punctate areas of calcification. Marked hydrocephalus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Variant anatomy with aortic origin of the splenic and left gastric arteries.The splenic artery is dissected from the ostium in its entire length with associated intramural haematoma. There is a 7mm false aneurysm in the proximal splenic artery and a further 4mm false aneurysm in the mid segment. Extensive acute splenic infarction as demonstrated on the portal venous phase study.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: IMPRESSION:1. Severely abnormal exam. Large left pleural collection with peripheral enhancement/pleural thickening. This could represent empyema in the correct clinical setting.2. Complete thrombosis of the left main pulmonary artery with what appears to be enhancing tumor thrombus. The majority of the left lung is collapsed.3. 3.2 x 2.5 cm mass in the intraventricular septum and 1.7 x 1.2 cm mass along the anterior right ventricular border. These are worrisome for cardiac metastases.4. Diffusely abnormal right lung evidenced by numerous irregular interstitial opacities, areas of consolidation, and septal thickening at the lung base. This could represent lymphangitic spread of tumor, drug reaction, infection, or ARDS.5. Heterogeneous hypoenhancement of the entire liver (nutmeg liver), worrisome for Budd-Chiari syndrome. This could be related to tumor thrombus involving the intrahepatic hepatic segment of the IVC. Correlation with Doppler ultrasound of the liver is recommended. If there is occlusion of the IVC/hepatic veins due to tumor thrombus, this could be responsible for the suspected tumor thrombus in the left main pulmonary artery.6. Heterogeneous low-attenuation lesions in the left hepatic lobe, incompletely characterized given abnormal liver perfusion. These could represent hepatic metastases and could be evaluated with ultrasound if indicated.7. Large presumed splenic infarct with several smaller low-attenuation lesions. The spleen has a rounded appearance. This could be related to hemorrhage of splenic metastases or vascular etiology.8. 2.8 x 3.1 cm right adrenal lesion, likely metastasis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A well-defined hypo-attenuating cystic lesion in anterior to the pancreas and posterior to the stomach with an enhancing wall and homogeneous fluid density content. No internal soft tissue components.No pancreatic duct dilatation.Mild ascites in the pelvis.No other abdominal solid organ injury.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: No renal calculus on the non-contrast study. Left hydronephrosis secondary to a high-grade PUJ obstruction with no excreted contrast seen in the left ureter and distal to the obstruction.The left kidney is atrophic with cortical thinning, and its bipolar length measuring 10 cm compared to 13 cm on the right. Reduced parenchymal enhancement left kidney in keeping with poor function.The single left renal artery arises from the posterior wall of the abdominal aorta. A small branch arises posteriorly coursing into the lower pole crossing the PUJ at the level of obstruction. The single left renal vein arises from the lower pole and drains into the IVC passing anterior to the aorta.Incidental bifid right ureters fuse at the level of the pelvic brim. Right kidney is normal. The bladder is unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large pear-shaped cystic lesion measuring about 10 x 4.4 x 4.3 cm seen in the right iliac fossa arising from the distal 2/3 of the appendix and appears to be surrounded by fat stranding. No soft tissue mass is seen in the appendix.Small calcified focus measuring about 6 mm is seen at the proximal aspect of the cystic lesion compatible with appendicolith. No mural calcifications in the wall of the cystic lesion. No luminal gas locules. Few small right lower abdomen mesenteric lymph nodes are noted. No paraaortic or iliac lymph nodes enlargement. No ascites. Small hypodense lesion measuring about 1 x 0.6 cm is seen in segment VIII of the liver and another smaller lesion is seen in segment V suggesting benign lesions like hemangiomas or cysts. The spleen, pancreas, adrenals and both kidneys appear normal apart from simple cyst seen in the right kidney. Small diverticuli are seen in the sigmoid and descending colon, but no evidence of diverticulitis.There is a small right inguinal hernia containing fat and fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 35-mm polyp located at the ascending colon and 41-mm polyp in the hepatic flexure of the colon.Colonic wall thickening at sigma and wall thickening at rectus. These findings are compatible with rectal and sigmoid synchronous cancer.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a calcified mass within the cervical canal at C2 level below the foramen magnum of posterior location, compressing and displacing the spinal cord anteriorly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis giving a molar tooth appearance.Small atretic occipital meningocele.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Segmental colitis involving the distal transverse colon through the proximal sigmoid colon. There is colonic wall thickening, submucosal edema, and pericolonic inflammation. There is extensive atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and mesenteric vasculature. The inferior mesenteric artery is diminutive but patent.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is marked peritoneal disease on the undersurface left hemidiaphragm,  supracolic omentum, gastrosplenic and gastrohepatic ligaments.  There is large volume omental cake lying deep to transverse colon and low volume disease in the right paracolic gutter and pelvic peritoneal carpeting.  There is low volume ascites. There is a small ill-defined area low attenuation liver parenchyma indeterminate, but likely reflects a cyst or haemangioma.  No obvious lesion lumen of stomach, pancreas or colon.  No obvious pelvic mass.  There are sterilisation clips in situ.No destructive bony disease.Summary:  Disseminated intra-abdominal disease, pattern could fit with primary peritoneal carcinoma or tuboovarian origin but requires biopsy for confirmation.  .


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return of entire left lung. Please see below for the annotated images.Also, bovine arch, a commonly seen variant.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: No radiopaque renal/ureteric calculi or hydroureteronephrosis is seen. Multiple small phleboliths are seen in the pelvis. Small isodense exophytic lesion along the posteromedial aspect of the upper pole of the left kidney and a large hypodense lesion in the right hepatic lobe; both these lesions need further evaluation with contrast-enhanced CT abdomen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: At the non-contrast study: the superior sagittal sinus appears hyperdense.At the post contrast study: the superior sagittal sinus shows empty delta sign (non enhanced venous sinus with peripheral contrast ).No cerebral hemorrhage or venous infarction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A cluster of dilated small bowel loops are seen adjacent to second part of duodenum with non-visualized third part of duodenum.The bowel loops herniated through the fossa of Waldeyer with superior mesenteric artery and vein immediately anterior to the hernial orifice.There is segmental diminishment in opacification of mesenteric arcades, interloop fluid, and mesenteric oedema which may indicate impending ischemia due to suspected closed loop obstruction. Agenesis of uterus associated with ectopic left kidney which are most likely suggesting Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial CECT image shows a pleural-based contrast enhanced heterogeneous mass with multiple areas of cystic degeneration, adjacent 7th left rib bone destruction and a large pleural effusion, which displaces the heart and mediastinum to the right.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT demonstrates the kidneys to be fused at their lower pole, located abnormally inferiorly immediately below the inferior mesenteric artery. The renal hila are rotated anateriology. Features characteristic of a horseshoe kidney.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Shallow indentation of the medial cortex of the mandible with a small portion of the submandibular gland extending into the defect.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Fracture through the base of the right superior horn of the thyroid cartilage with medial displacement of the superior aspect. Effacement of the right pyriform sinus with asymmetric soft tissue density in this region likely representing haematoma. Slight asymmetry of the vocal cords.No cricoid cartilage fracture and the arytenoid cartilages have a normal appearance. No hyoid bone fracture. No airway narrowing.Fat replaced right submandibular gland with right submandibular duct calculus. The remainder of the study is unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Findings: Large lobulated exophytic mass lesion measuring 10 x 8.8 x 8.5 cm is seen at the lower pole of the right kidney. Two tiny calcification foci are seen in it. It has an enhancing (non-contrast density=20 HU, Venous phase density=82 HU) peripheral solid component and non-enhancing irregular necrotic centre. The mass is grossly extending beyond the renal capsule, has mild perinephric fat stranding. However, it is still confined within Gerota's fascia. Some prominent arteries & veins (neo-vascularity) are seen along the inferior aspect of this mass lesion. A prominent draining vein is seen at the inferior aspect of this mass, which is draining to the inferior vena cava via the right ovarian vein. The mass is compressing the lower pole calyceal system and the renal pelvis; however, no invasion/infiltration of the collecting system or hydronephrosis is seen. No clear signs of the adjacent renal vein or IVC thrombosis. No evidence of local or distant metastasis is seen.  A small simple cyst is seen in either kidney.  Multiple focal radiolucent lesions with polka dot sign in the axial images are seen in the T11, T12, L1, and L2 vertebral bodies; these are likely vertebral hemangiomas.Impression: Large heterogeneous right renal mass, suspicious of renal cell carcinoma.Note: This is an old case. Unfortunately the "axial venous phase images" are not available.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a comminuted fracture of the floor of the right orbit with inferior displacement of the fracture fragment. There is herniation of the intraorbital fat and the inferior rectus muscle which shows a focal thickening and increased density suggesting underlying injury.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small region of high attenuation centred in the left thalamus extending cranially into the corona radiata, in keeping with an acute haemorrhage.  No intraventricular, subdural or subarachnoid extension. Small volume of perihaematomal oedema but no midline shift or hydrocephalus.Moderate periventricular and deep white matter low attenuation in keeping with small vessel change. Moderate generalised cerebral volume loss.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 127× 101× 113 mm thick-walled cystic lesion with multiple septal and marginal calcified foci is seen in the spleen. The lesion displaces the left kidney inferiorly. Intra and extra-hepatic bile ducts are dilated, and CBD is measured 9 mm in calibre.Several non-enhanced simple cortical and parapelvic cysts are observed in both kidneys.Fusiform aneurysmal dilatation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta is noted up to 35 mm. Degenerative changes such as osteophytosis are seen in the lumbar spine.A large size sliding hiatal hernia is present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: enlarged liver with multiple lesions of varying sizes showing peripheral enhancement and a target-like shape gastrohepatic and coeliac lymph node enlargement with central low attenuation indicating necrosis soft tissue mass in the region of gastric cardia


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Numerous calcified nodules (loose bodies) are seen within the distal radioulnar joint, anterior to the ulnar head and within the interosseous membrane with mild cortical scalloping mainly of the radius.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an irregular circumferential thickening of the 3rd/4th parts of the duodenum (length =8 cm), extending to the 1st jejunal loop with heterogeneous enhancement following IV contrast and mild distension of the proximal duodenum. There is an obliteration of the periduodenal/duodenopancreatic fat plane with no pancreatic involvement on sagittal reconstruction. The tumour is in contact with the infrarenal aorta with partial vascular encasement of the superior/inferior mesenteric arteries, and inferior mesenteric vein. Small peritumoural lymphadenopathies are noted.The liver shows a small hypodense nodule (7 mm) in segment II (confirmed by ultrasound as a simple hepatic cyst).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a defect at the wall of the stomach adjacent to the left lobe of the liver. Extensive pneumoperitoneum. There is free fluid seen in the pelvis. Uncomplicated cholelithiasis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multifocal bilateral patchy areas of ground-glass opacity involving all lobes. Small pneumatocoele with multiple septae in the right lower lobe. The findings are consistent with atypical pulmonary infection, most likely pneumocystis jirovecii given the history and imaging features.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Focal aortic root dilatation is seen, reaching in diameter up to 5 cm with atherosclerotic changes in its wall. No more diffuse ectasia. No obvious aortic dissection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An intra-axial cystic mass is seen in the right temporal lobe. This demonstrates enhancing rim and enhancing nodular septations. Mass effect with sulcal effacement in the right cerebral hemisphere. Effacement of the right lateral ventricle. Midline shift to the left with right subfalcine and uncal herniation. Cerebellar tonsils are anatomically positioned. No intracranial haemorrhage or cerebral surface collection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiseptated ovoid cystic mass measuring 21.1 x 15.3 x 12.3 cm in the abdominal cavity, containing denser areas (approx. 30 HU) and blood vessels, arising from the right ovary. The non-cystic areas could represent solid components or haemorrhage. Omental fat stranding anterior to the mass, suspicious metastatic spread to the omentum.The uterine cavity contains a hypodense ovoid structure measuring 5.4 x 5.7 x 4.8 cm with an enhancing peripheral nodule - most probably a leiomyoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT demonstrated a calcification in the popliteal fossa that is not of vascular origin.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A peripheral enhancing mass with irregular and spiculated borders is seen in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe with associated ipsilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. No parenchymal nodular lesion is seen. Diffuse centrilobular emphysema is noted.Other CT findings include: small calcification in the left lobe of the liver multiple and bilateral small renal cysts  mild peritoneal effusion in the Douglas pouch rectal faecaloma


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large left renal AVM noted involving most of the left kidney: having nidus at the upper zone measures 6 cm showing markedly dilated vascular channels, compressing the upper calyx smaller nidus at the lower zone measures 2.5 cm in diameter having arterial feeders from the dilated main renal artery and smaller accessory renal artery venous drainage through the large left renal vein and smaller retro-aortic accessory renal vein The right kidney is normal in size, shape and position.  No vascular malformations identified. Accessory right renal vein.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large left-sided renal abscess displacing the remaining or the kidney anteriorly. No renal stones.Gallstones. No free fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Open grey matter lined cleft with CSF density extending from the right lateral ventricular body to frontoparietal cortex peripherally.Absent cavum septum pellucidum.Age related involutional change.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked asymmetrical increased wall thickness due to tumoral infiltration is present in the sigmoid colon, measuring 13 cm in length, accompanied by pericolic fat stranding and small regional lymphadenopathy. The mass infiltrates the urinary bladder dome.The gallbladder is not seen due to the prior cholecystectomy.A few non-enhanced simple cortical cysts are seen in both kidneys. In addition, a 12 mm stone is noted at the lower calyx of the right kidney. The prostate gland is enlarged.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Ileocolic intussusception (approximately 15 cm in length) with hyperenhancing wall thickening distally. Bowel wall and mesenteric vessels enhance normally. There is some fluid attenuation distally.Small bowel is not dilated. Remainder of the colon appears unremarkable. Small volume of pelvic free fluid. No intraperitoneal free fluid. Small sliding hiatus hernia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The pancreas is atrophic, its outlines are shallow, clear. The structure is inhomogeneous due to calcification along the main duct.From the tail of the pancreas, a cystic formation with a capsule up to 4 mm in thickness occurs, the contents of the liquid density + 7HU, irregularly shaped, stretched along the anterior-upper edge of the spleen to the left sub-diaphragmatic space, the capsule accumulates contrast material.Cystic formation compresses the splenic vein in the area of the gates, Visualized enlarged and convoluted collateral veins along the stomach and in a large omentum.The walls of the stomach and large intestine with the sign of the "target-water" due to the swelling of the submucosal layer.The spleen is enlarged in size, the heterogeneous structure is due to a two-chamber cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right upper lobe posterior segment nodule. Few vertebral bodies demonstrated compression fractures.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Kyphotic deformity C5-C6 level with narrowed disc space and irregular bony destruction mainly of the neighbouring vertebral endplates. A large multiseptated prevertebral and retropharyngeal collections extending from C2-C3 downwards up to C7-T1 with cortical destruction of the left anterolateral aspect of C7 vertebral body. Soft tissue thickening with enhancement of the anterior epidural space extending from C4-C5 up to C7-T1 level, containing small abscess formations, displacing the spinal cord posteriorly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Whirlpool sign (swirling of the superior mesenteric vessels), in keeping with midgut malrotation plus diminishing contrast medium in the more distal portion of the SMA in keeping with vascular compromise.The third part of the duodenum crosses from left to right and the duodenojejunal flexure is located on the right side. The small bowel loops are prominent in caliber measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. Multiple fluid levels are seen in the small bowel. There is a small amount of free fluid in the abdomen and pelvis. No free air that could suggest a perforation is visualized.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CTA demonstrates anterior cerebral artery (ACA)-anterior communicating artery (Acom) fenestration complex with a saccular aneurysm. The A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is hypoplastic.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Scout coronal image shows gas-filled dilated loops of small bowel.There are dilated loops of small bowel with the transition point in the right lower quadrant. The uterus is scarred to the anterior abdominal wall. The hernia sac contains a loop of small bowel with associated mesenteric edema and engorgement of the vasa recta indicative of closed loop obstruction.  The hernia sac originates in the inferior portion of the supravesical fossa and passes down into the prevesical space of Retzius compressing the anterior bladder wall. The uterus is scarred to the anterior abdominal wall.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Increased sclerosis within the inferior aspect of the L2 vertebral body with cortical destruction of the right anteroinferior endplate. Small volume hyperattenuation posteriorly to the L2 vertebral body which appears subligamentous resulting in indentation of the anterior thecal sac. No high- grade central canal stenosis. Paraspinous soft tissue thickening with associated retroperitoneal fat stranding.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of pneumonectomy is noted on the right side as fluid in the pneumonectomy cavity and ipsilateral mediastinal shift. Irregular wall thickening of residual right main bronchus stump is seen, suggestive of tumoral recurrence, with extension to the carina and distal right tracheal wall.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An 85 x 80 x 60 mm subcapsular fluid collection with a dependent eccentric relatively hyperdense non-enhanced component is present at the lateral aspect of the left kidney, which compresses and displaces the left kidney medially. Regarding the history of recent blunt trauma, features are compatible with left renal subcapsular haematoma with a dependent clot.In addition, fat stranding and a small volume of fluid accumulation are seen in the left retroperitoneal space, lateral to the psoas muscle. The left quadratus lumborum muscle is also enlarged, inferring post-traumatic changes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderately extensive grey and white matter hypodensity involving the left medial temporal lobe and occipital lobe, within PCA territory. Hypodensity extends into the left inferior parietal white matter. Moderate mass effect. Local sulcal effacement. Left uncal herniation with early mass effect on the midbrain. 5 mm midline shift to the right at the level foramina of Munro. Effacement of lateral ventricles. Left frontal and parietal generalised sulcal effacement also seen. No acute haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Moderately large left PCA territory acute infarct involving temporal and occipital lobes. No acute haemorrhage seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An irregular lobulated lesion with hyperdense ring configuration and central hypodensity, measuring roughly 3 x 3 cm, surrounded by vasogenic edema is seen in the right frontal region, which is likely a neoplastic process (primary vs metastatic); another possibility can be an infective process. No hydrocephalus, midline shift, acute infarction, or acute intracranial hemorrhage is seen. No significant abnormality seen in the visualized bones.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Hyperdense, haemorrhagic lesion in the posterior right frontal lobe with surrounding oedema.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Hypoattenuation noted involving bilateral globus pallidus and periventricular white matter.No evidence of intracranial hemorrhage.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Spiraling of sigmoid mesocolon with herniation of midsigmoid colon loop and mesentery into the distal sigmoid colon with a heterogeneously-enhancing poorly-defined mass lesion seen in the intussuscipiens. Surrounding four to five round sigmoid mesocolon enhancing subcentimetric lymph nodes seen. Loaded proximal entire large bowel with faecalisation of contents in the terminal ileum. No features of bowel ischaemia. Mesenteric vessels are patent. Incidental note of low density right adrenal nodule, most likely adenoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Mild mediastinal and hilar adenopathy. Perihilar and upper/mid lung predominant peribronchovascular and perilymphatic nodules of varying sizes and irregular configuration. Small consolidation left upper lobe.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: At the inferior aspect of the aortic arch, in the region of the ductus arteriosus, there is a small wall irregularity consistent with an intimal flap. Small volume of adjacent hyperdensity, suspicious for haematoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse infiltrative lesion is noted involving subsegment IVa and VIII of the liver, it is ill defined, hypodense with evidence of peripheral enhancement in portovenous phase and becomes smaller in the delayed phase. It is associated with localized intra hepatic biliary radical dilatation at the left hepatic lobe and with mulitple variable size scattered focal lesion at both hepatic lobes showing marginal enhancement. Nevertheless, there is traction on the hepatic capsule at the anterior segment of right lobe and thrombus wtihin the SMV and partially occluding the main PV. Bone window images show two small osteolytic lesions at L3 vertebral body and another one at the right ileum. Lung bases show few subcentimetric pulmonary nodules at the left lower lobe. Simple right renal cyst and minimal ascites are noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive aortic dissection extending from the mid ascending aorta to the upper abdominal aorta, just above the origin of the superior mesenteric artery - this is unchanged compared to the previous study. New findings of marked dilatation of the distal aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta. The descending portion now measures 6.6 cm in transverse diameter and the mid aortic arch measures 7.2 cm. Extensive mural haematoma in the arch and descending portion, and there is evidence of acute intramural haemorrhage, arising from the superolateral aspect of the aortic arch.No gross mediastinal haemorrhage, pleural or pericardial effusion. No significant findings within the solid upper abdominal organs. Normal bilateral renal enhancement. New significant increase in size of the upper abdominal aorta which measures 4.7 cm in AP calibre compared to around 2.6 cm previously. No significant intramural haematoma within the abdominal aorta.No free abdominal or pelvic fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked increased wall thickness with a large exophytic mass is seen at the distal of descending colon and proximal sigmoid, accompanied by severe pericolic fat stranding and desmoplastic reaction. Several extraluminal air bubbles and a 20 mm walled-off paracolic fluid collection are also evident, suggesting tumour site perforation. Segmental wall thickening is also evident at the adjacent small bowel loops inferring tumoral invasion. In addition, several regional and para-aortic enlarged lymph nodes are seen with SAD less than 11 mm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The appendix lies within an indirect right inguinal hernia. There is no wall thickening of the appendix, but some fat stranding around it is noted. No left-sided hernia. Multiple simple bilateral renal cysts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderate volume haemoperitoneum in the upper abdomen and pelvis surrounding the sigmoid colon.Small laceration of spleen.Active accumulation of contrast in the sigmoid mesocolon, which increases on delayed images, associated with the pelvic haemoperitoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Air density along the dilated biliary tree.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Hyperdensity inseparable from the prepontine basilar artery, suspicious for aneurysm. A small volume of subarachnoid haemorrhage in the Sylvian fissures and at the vertex as well as a small volume of intraventricular blood in the left trigone.Incidental bilateral choroid plexus xanthogranuloma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Complicated diverticulits. Note stranding and a small amount of extra-luminal gas located lateral to the descending colon. Stage 2 Hinchey classification of acute diverticulitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are multiple lytic metastases involving left greater sphenoid wing, left frontal bone and left inferomedial wall of orbital bone with spiculated periostitis ( hair-on-end). The mass at left frontal bone has extradural component.These masses are related to multiple metastatic neuroblastoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large enhancing, mildly irregular mass is centred on the genu of the corpus callosum in the frontal lobes, crossing the midline involving both the left and right frontal lobes with extensive surrounding vasogenic oedema. A further similar mass is seen just inferiorly within the inferior left frontal lobe. There is significant mass-effect with compression of the frontal horns of both lateral ventricles and approximately 5 mm of midline shift to the right at the level of the body of the lateral ventricles. No hydrocephalus. No haemorrhage.A third and different lesion appearing partly calcified and enhancing is extra axial deep to the inner table of the right pterion is suggestive of a meningioma. Conclusion: Enhancing frontal mass lesions centred on the genu of the corpus callosum most likely represents a lymphoma or high-grade butterfly glioma. Given the clinical history, metastatic disease is also a possibility but felt less likely.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 28mm cystic lesion is present at posterior aspect of right kidney, showing dependent dense calcific precipitate. This density increased in the delayed phase by excreted contrast accumulation inferring calyceal diverticulum. In addition, several non-enhanced simple cortical cysts are seen at both kidneys, with maximum diameters of 17mm. A few tiny stones, less than 2mm are seen at right kidney. A 4mm stone is also observed at lower calyx of left kidney.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small sized hypoplastic right mandibular condyle with foreshortened and underdeveloped right mandibular ramus and subsequent ipsilateral deviation of the chin to the same (right) side. Prominent right antegonial notch is also noted.Right microtia, bony external auditory canal atresia, small sized middle ear cavity, small deformed and fused right middle ear ossicles and hypopnenumatized mastoid air cells.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Seven hours later. The acute subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages are unchanged. There is generalized brain edema with poor gray/white differentiation. Retinal/vitreous hemorrhage is seen in both eyes, right worse than left.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large ileocolic collection containing fluid and gas in the right iliac fossa, abutting the inflamed terminal ileum. It has a well-defined wall with thickening and enhancement and measures 10.6 x 6.8 x 8.7 cm, displacing the inflamed ileum superiorly and posteriorly. The anterior and lateral borders abut the abdominal wall, with no intervening bowel loop suggesting percutaneous drainage would be feasible.Multiple smaller collections with enhancing walls: on the medial aspect of the inflamed terminal ileum, an adjacent collection measures 1.6 x 2.7 cm. semilunar shaped right pelvic collection  measures 4.2 x 2.3 cm and appears to communicate with the larger right iliac fossa collection more superiorly. a small left iliac fossa collection anterior to the external iliac vessels measuring 2.0 x 2.8 cm. Adjacent sigmoid colonic bowel thickening suggests either reactive colitis or an inflammatory skip lesion. No bowel dilatation.Retroperitoneal oedema and fat stranding is noted, particularly surrounding the psoas muscles. Small amount of intraperitoneal fluid surrounding the liver and spleen. Cholelithiasis. No sacroilitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Within the first part of the duodenum is a fat-density mass. Bilateral non-obstructive renal calculi. Left simple renal cysts. Bladder calculi. Prostatomegaly. Colonic diverticular disease. Umbilical hernia containing omental fat.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Anterior placement of the colon to the liver reaching the under-surface of the right hemidiaphragm. It is one of the common causes of pseudopneumoperitoneum. A small gallbladder stone is noted. Associated bibasal pneumonic consolidations and pleural reactions are seen.