Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 43×36mm hetero-enhancing mass is noted at right renal sinus. There is no sign of local invasion to adjacent structures and no vascular extension. No regional lymphadenopathy is identified. Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.Grade I spondylolisthesis of L5 on S1 is present with bilateral spondylolysis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT CHESTMultiple small nodules in both lungs measuring upto 9mm.No significant mediastinal lymphadenopathy.CT ABDOMEN4.7cm segment of circumferentially thickening rectosigmoid, the serosa of which if irregular suggesting extra-serosal extension.Irregular soft tissue in the sigmoid mesentery.Multiple mesorectal nodes.Para-aortic lymphadenopathy, several with high attenuation within, upto 2.7cmSeveral liver metastases the largest 3.5cm in segment 6.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Occluded coeliac axis and SMA at their origins (only tiny stumps are visible) with the IMA feeding enlarged arc of Riolan and wandering artery of Drummond (arrows) through to the SMA and its branches via the ileo-colic, and coeliac axis branches via the inferior pancreatico-duodenal branches of the SMA  into the pancreatico-duodenal branches of the common hepatic artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Tongue like inferior projection of the right lobe (segment 6) of the liver beyond the level of the most inferior costal cartilage.An exophytic, non-enhancing cystic lesion with internal septae and tiny wall calcification arising from segment 2 of the liver. Imaging differentials includes biliary cystadenocarcinoma, biliary cystadenoma, or hydatid cyst. Biopsy advised.Diffuse hepatic steatosis: diffuse decrease in liver attenuation with absolute attenuation of 37 HU on contrast-enhanced scan. In non-enhanced images, the attenuation of the liver (11 HU) is much lower in comparison to the spleen (37HU) with a difference of >10 HU.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple venous varicosities are seen in the left adnexa extending into the uterus and vagina fed by a dilated left ovarian vein arising from the left renal vein.46×36 mm fat-containing mass on the right ovary most likely consistent with a dermoid cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pancreatic neck soft tissue mass slightly hypodense to the pancreas, completely encasing the coeliac trunk and SMA as well as surrounding and narrowing the splenic vein and SMV near the portal confluence. The common bile duct and main pancreatic duct are not dilated.Several small cystic dilatations along the main pancreatic duct, possibly IPMN. The pancreatic body and tail are atrophied.Hepatic hilar lymphadenopathy measuring up to 22 mm (short axis) and hepatogastric ligament lymphadenopathy. No evidence of hepatic spread.Findings are consistent with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.The coeliac trunk is narrow (stenotic?) at its origin.Bilateral elastofibroma dorsi.Small cyst in each kidney.The abdominal aorta shows soft and calcified plaque.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intragastric balloon measuring 11 x 8 x 11 cm in distal stomach.No signs of gastric outlet obstruction and contrast material reaches rectum.The spleen is enlarged.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined cystic lesion in the right side of the neck anterior to the right sternomastoid muscle indenting the inferior border of the parotid gland, compressing and stretching the internal jugular vein on its medial and anterior borders. It also results in anterior displacement of the right sub-mandibular gland.This lesion has a relatively thick enhancing wall and measures about 4 cm in its maximum diameter with no signs of invasion into surrounding structures. Enlarged right thyroid lobe also noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large well-encapsulated mass (12 x 11 x 7 cm) within the myocardium of the left ventricle with no ehnancement seen following IV contrast, composed of multiple peripheral daughter cysts with central solid stroma. It appears in contact with the oesogastric junction as well as the aortic wall. Two other cystic lesions are seen, anterior to the previous mass, most likely of myocardial location, one unilocular of triangular shape (8x 4 x4 cm) and the other one partially calcified (2.4 x 2 x1.8 cm). There are small similar cysts seen at the right hilum and pericardium adjacent to the right atrium.A calcified cyst (CE 5, according to the WHO classification) is noted in the segment IVa of the liver


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An accessory soleus muscle is seen at the left side. Its origin has no bony attachment and mostly from the anterior surface of the soleus muscle. Its insertion distally through a short tendon into the upper calcaneal surface.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Well defined non-calcified nodule at the anterior segment of right upper lobe with a single feeding arterial branch derived from the right upper lobe pulmonary artery and a single draining vein seen merging with the right superior pulmonary vein (pulmonary AVM - simple type).Incidentally aberrant right subclavian artery and enlarged thyroid gland.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Cavitating lesion in the right lower lobe medially, with air/fluid level is seen. The lesion receives blood supply from a prominent abdominal aortic branch, with venous drainage to the right lower pulmonary vein. Features of complicated intralobar pulmonary sequestration.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right kidney measures 10.1 x 4.8 cm, normal in size and cortical thickness. A 5.0 x 4.2 cm exophytic solid heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion with cystic areas within is seen arising from mid pole anterolateral cortex. 4.6 x 3.6 cm exophytic simple cortical cyst in lower pole. No local infiltration. Patent renal vein. 23 x 14 mm portal enlarged lymph node. Lower pole caliectasis  No calculi or hydronephrosis. Normal corticomedullary differentiation. Normal excretion.Right ureter is normal in course and caliber.Left kidney measures 10.4 x 4.8 cm, normal in size and cortical thickness. No calculi or hydronephrosis. Normal corticomedullary differentiation. Normal excretion.Left ureter is normal in course and caliber.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial non-contrast CT  demonstrates well-defined lesion isodense relative to the spleen.  Axial CT with contrast (arterial phase ) shows uniform homogenously peripheral enhancement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Inflammatory changes are seen related to the whole urinary tract in the form of fluid collection and stranding of the surrounding fat planes, starting from both kidneys down with the ureters to the prostate, seminal vesicles, and urinary bladder. The process seems to be more profound in the pelvis. The prostate is markedly swollen with hypodense hypoenhancing parenchyma. The seminal vesicles also appear congested and swollen. The urinary bladder shows diffuse wall thickening and oedema. There is also bilateral retroperitoneal fluid collection. There are some motion artifacts as the patient was distressed and irritable.Overall picture of disseminated urinary tract infection with prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, and cystitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left persistent hypoglossal artery arising from proximal internal carotid artery. Note enlarged left hypoglossal canal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple loops of small bowel, and the sigmoid colon, are tethered together deep to the anterior abdominal wall at the site of a cutaneous opening. There is no free fluid or abscess.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large lobulated soft tissue mass within the right parotid gland, involving both superficial and deep lobes, isodense to the muscles on precontrast images with intense and relatively homogeneous enhancement on postcontrast images, containing large internal vessels from the external carotid artery. The left parotid gland appears normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a reduced aortomesenteric angle having the following criteria:Reduced aortomesenteric distance and aortomesenteric angle, measuring 4 mm and 23 degrees, respectively.Fluid-filled stomach and 1st part of the duodenum with tapering of the retromesenteric 3rd duodenal part suggestive of its compression. Entrapment of the left renal vein and mild stenosis of its lumen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a tortuous and dilated right portal vein in segment 6 liver with aneurysmal communication to the right hepatic vein, which has aberrant drainage into the IVC distal to the left and middle hepatic veinsThere are dilated intrahepatic and common bile ducts measuring up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The main pancreatic duct is dilated at the head, measuring 10 mm in diameter, however the rest of the pancreatic duct is non-dilated. The gallbladder is absent, pancreas appears normal, and there is no evidence of an obstructing mass lesion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Typical cirrhotic changes are evident by enlarged left lobe, irregular nodular outer surface and widened fissures. There is malignant infiltration of the left hepatic lobe that enhances in the arterial phase and displays wash out on portovenous phase. Furthermore, there is malignant thrombus in the left branch of portal vein that follows the same enhancing criteria. GB stones, splenomegaly and left renal stone are other findings.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Retroperitoneal round enhancing mass along the posteromedial border of the left kidney distorting its contour. Smaller crescentic mass slightly lateral and superior. Few fine metallic bullet fragments in the overlying body wall. Splenectomy. Left lower quadrant colostomy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Acute angulation and focal narrowing of the proximal coeliac trunk with a hooked appearance, resulting from indentation of its superior surface by the median arcuate ligament. There is also mild post-stenotic dilatation of coeliac axis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a extensive subarachnoid blood within all the basal cisterns, the cerebral sulci bilaterally, the sylvian fissures bilaterally and the interhemispheric fissure. There is interventricular blood. There is diffuse sulcal effacement and effacement of the lateral ventricles. There is diffuse loss of grey-white matter differentiation. There is tonsillar herniation below the foramen magnum. CTA demonstrates minimal opacification on the of the intracranial vasculature due to raised intracranial pressure. There is only opacification of the M1 segments bilaterally and the proximal basilar artery, with no opacification beyond these points.Patchy airspace opacities at the apices may be due to aspiration. Previous mandibular fixation. Cervical spine is within normal limits. ETT and NGT in situ.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT demonstrates multiple well-circumscribed cystic lesions within the cervix, highly suggestive of nabothian cysts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right frontal lobar haemorrhage involving cortex, subcortical white matter and periventricular white matter. There is subarachnoid but no intraventricular or subdural haemorrhage. The haematoma has multiple finger-like projections (see stack key images).Significant mass effect from the haematoma and perihaematomal oedema resulting in effacement of the frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle.Moderate periventricular low attenuation in keeping with small vessel change. Mild atrophy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Obstruction of proximal ileum secondary to impaction of a gallstone with distension of the upstream loops.There is gallbladder fistula with the duodenum and in the gallbladder gas is present.There is also modest peritoneal effusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Enlarged spleen with a well-circumscribed intrasplenic hypodense cystic lesion of homogeneous content. No peripheral rim enhancement. Note small adjacent intrasplenic cysts with wall calcification. The liver is enlarged with a very small simple cyst in segment VII.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a soft tissue mass or endobronchial lesion arising from the right lower lobar bronchus, causing bronchiectatic changes and peri bronchial cuffing, features may suggest chronic process. There are bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules, these can be due to previous chest infection, however pulmonary metastasis cannot be excluded.There is no significant mediastinal, hilar or axillary lymphnode enlargement.There is no pleural or pericardial effusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Colonic obstruction with transition point at the splenic flexure with a narrowed, curved, angulated segment surrounded by omental fat. No mass identified.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 38mm low enhancing mass is seen at tail of pancreas. In addition, multiple low enhancing masses are seen in the liver parenchyma. The largest one is 37mm. A few small cysts with smooth and thin walls, sharp and distinct marginations, and a homogenous water density were seen in left kidney. The largest one is 13mm in diameter.Two tiny stone (≤4mm) were found in right renal calices.The prostate gland is enlarged. Its volume measured about 43ml.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT confirms a large mass arising from and almost replacing the right kidney. There is loss of the low density structures within the kidney, i.e. the fat and the fluid in the pelvis, accounting for the high density on the plain film.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Abnormal irregular mucosal thickening centred on the left piriform sinus extends along the aryepiglottic fold as well as the posterior wall of the hypopharynxAsymmetric left level 2 nodes, but <10 mm in short axis. One has central hypodensity.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple large hypodense liver lesions which demonstrate peripheral nodular contrast pooling with progressive centripetal enhancement.The enhancing portion of hemangiomas remain nearly isodense to blood vessels on all phases.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The spleen is ruptured and there is a large volume of haemoperitoneum. Within the posterior aspect of the ruptured spleen. There are at least to small foci of arterial hyperattenuation which reduced in density on the portal venous phase in keeping with pseudoaneurysms.The remaining solid organs of the abdomen are intact. No free gas. The stomach is distended. No signs of small or large bowel injury. No retro peritoneal haematoma.No pelvic fracture. Hip and SI joints are normally aligned.IMPRESSIONGrade 4 splenic injury with multiple pseudoaneurysms. Large volume of haemoperitoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Short segment colocolic intussusception at the hepatic flexure with an enhancing mass serving as the lead point. No obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large region of subcortical hypodensity within the left temporoparietal region, with sparing of the overlying grey matter. Significant local mass effect and midline shift. No definite enhancing mass lesion on the post contrast study. CTA COW (not shown) is normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive tophaceous deposits throughout the foot, centred predominantly at the ankle joint, the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the interphalangeal joint of the great toe. There is also a prominent deposit adjacent to the base of the 5th metatarsal.Besides the rat-bite erosions to the head of the 1st metatarsal and the 1st toe phalanges, coarse erosions scattered throughout the midfoot and tarsometatarsal joints, even involving a type II accessory navicular bone.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Numerous intermediate attenuation masses throughout the liver, with a large conglomerate in the posterior right liver. Also several small cysts, although fewer than the masses. Polycystic kidney disease. Subtle mass in the cecum with focal wall thickening and enhancement. Small but abnormal cluster of ileocecal lymph nodes with hetergeneous enhancement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple heterogeneous lesions with fluid, fat, and calcific elements in the liver, the largest occupying most of the right lobe, and compressing the right kidney.Numerous identical nodules/masses in the peritoneal cavity, the largest measuring 4cm in the left paracolic gutter.Right ureteric stent.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT images demonstrate a well-defined ovoid hypodense mass within the posterosuperior mediastinum at T2-T3 level with peripheral enhancement following IV contrast, compressing and displacing the trachea and oesophagus anteriorly. No regional lymphadenopathy was noted. No pulmonary lesion was seen on lung window.The thyroid gland appears small in size (atrophied), inhomogeneous on postcontrast images (patient treated for hypothyroidism).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large 6 cm ill-defined heterogeneous mass centered on the gallbladder fossa.The gallbladder is not separately identified.Prominence of the common hepatic duct.  No intrahepatic duct dilatation.No lymphadenopathy at the porta hepatitis.There is a 1 cm peritoneal nodule anteriorly in the midline.Simple renal cysts.Large left inguinal hernia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Both maxillary sinuses are small in size. Nearly complete opacification of the examined sinuses seen filled with soft tissue masses associated with rarefied sinus walls, middle nasal turbinates as well as the nasal septum. Bilateral intra-sinus egg-like calcific lesions near the sinus wall, the largest on the right side. Both ostiomeatal units are obliterated. Hypertrophied inferior nasal turbinates.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intrahepatic dilatation is noted. The common bile duct measures up to 14 mm diameter and abruptly narrows at the superior margin of the head of the pancreas. The pancreatic head appears bulky with ill-defined enhancement on both arterial and portal venous phase but no discrete mass is identified. Inferiorly adjacent a duodenal diverticulum is noted. The remainder of the pancreas is atrophic. Peripancreatic fat planes appear preserved with no fat stranding. The splenic and main portal veins are patent with no evidence of thrombus. No retroperitoneal or abdominal lymphadenopathy.No focal liver lesion is identified. Previous cholecystectomy is noted. The spleen, left kidney and adrenals are normal in appearance. Small cortical cysts noted in the right kidney. The imaged bowel is unremarkable. No peritoneal free fluid or gas.No suspicious osseous lesions. Conclusion Intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary dilatation with abrupt narrowing of the distal common bile duct at the head of the pancreas but no discrete pancreatic mass identified. This likely represents malignant stricture of the distal common bile duct from either an ductal cholangiocarcinoma or a pancreatic head mass.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large, cavitating cystic mass with air-fluid level in the left upper lobe surrounded by consolidated lung parenchyma. The mass shows enhancing, lobulated contours reaching the pleural surface of the lung apex.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large thin-walled left suprarenal cystic mass (17 cm) arising from the adrenal gland with homogeneous fluid content. No solid component or internal septation is seen. The spleen and corporeocaudal segment of the pancreas are displaced anteriorly and the left kidney inferiorly.Circumferential wall thickening with enhancement of the terminal ileum (length around 20 cm) with ileoileal and ileotransverse fistulae, perienteric fat stranding, thickening with enhancement of the adjacent peritoneal reflections as well as an adjacent phlegmon formation with small mesenteric lymphadenopathy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large air filled cavitary lesion with internal crumpled membrane in right lung lower lobe. Surrounding mild pneumonitic changes are seen.Right side mild pleural effusion is seen.Rest of the Lung fields are clear.Prominent right hilar and sub cranial lymph nodes are seen. The largest right hilar lymph nodes measures 16 mm in short diameter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A haematoma in the left cerebellar hemisphere is present with mild mass effect on the vermis and fourth ventricle, with no hydrocephalus. There is patchy subcortical white matter hypodensity in both frontal lobes near the vertex out of keeping for age. No extra-axial collection. Muscles demonstrate no abnormal density and minimal atherosclerotic calcification.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Patchy ill-defined opacities with ground glass and crazy paving appearance are seen at both lungs particularly at subpleural regions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The 30 x 40 mm mass located above the right petrous apex, involving Meckel's cave, is inseparable from the postero-lateral margin of the clivus, and has coarse central calcifications. There is local destruction of cortex.Note that the right supraclinoid internal carotid artery has a close relationship to the mass, and that the right posterior cerebral artery is almost entirely fetal origin, the branch displaced by and covered by the mass.Extracranial vessels are normal. No significant stenosis. No intracranial aneurysm or vascular malformation. Conclusion The additional information from the CT study effectively excludes neurofibroma or meningioma. Either chondrosarcoma or chordoma are the most likely diagnoses-the T2 signal characteristics more in favour of a chondrosarcoma. Note the close relation to the fetal right posterior cerebral artery which is displaced and on the medial border of the tumour, between right cerebral peduncle and postero-medial tumour margin.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The third part of duodenum is compressed between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery with dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stomach. Aortomesenteric distance and angle measuring 6mm and 20 degrees, respectively. The gallbladder is not seen at anatomical location due to prior resection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Breast augmentation is visible as bilateral breast implants; The collapsed left implant is likely due to rupture. The surgeon used an ileal pouch for vaginal deepening. The ileal pouch is too long, and its blind end adheres to the proximal sigmoid, still, without any wall thickening. The interface fat plane between the pouch and the lower rectum is lost. Several reactive lymph nodes are visible adjacent to the lower pouch. Multiple small cysts scattered in all liver segments, small gallstone, and calcified granuloma in the left lung base are other findings.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Portal venous phase study. Rectal contrast has been administered.Marked distension of the large bowel from the caecum to approximately the level of the mid descending colon where there is a focal stenosing lesion with shouldering. Rectal contrast passes across the lesion indicating that there is not complete obstruction. Adjacent to the descending colon lesion is fat stranding and free fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small volume of free fluid at pancreatic and splenic surgical sites. At the liver resection site, there is a contained "collection" with mixed density fluid, and small bubbles of gas lined up along serpiginous linear low density structures. Bibasal atelectasis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An ill-defined mixed density lesion (peripheral hyperdense/solid and central hypodense/cystic/necrotic components) is seen in the left temporoparietal region adjacent to the temporal horn & atrium of the left lateral ventricle. The lesion is involving the splenium of the corpus callosum and extending through it to the right side of the midline. The peripheral hyperdense/solid components show mild enhancement on the post-contrast scan. This space-occupying lesion is likely a high-grade glioma (e.g. glioblastoma multiforme). Another possible differential diagnosis is CNS lymphoma. Two cortical/subcortical hypodensities are seen in the left parieto-occipital and left posterior frontal regions, which are likely old watershed infarcts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Circumferential irregular enhancing mass involving the second portion of the duodenum. Mild surrounding stranding. Mild porta hepatis adenopathy. No liver metastases.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Incidental note is made of duplication of inferior vena cava with right IVC draining right external iliac vein. Left inferior vena cava drains left renal vein, left common iliac vein and right internal iliac vein. Left IVC rejoins right IVC in the infrahepatic portion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The only positive finding on this CT to investigate abdominal pain was compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The solid upper abdominal organs were normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT facial bones demonstrate bifid left mandibular condyle with a central notch (arrow) separating two symmetric size hemi-condyles.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large confluent masses of low attenuation are seen within the superior, middle and posterior mediastinum.Diffuse abdominal and retroperitoneal plexiform neurofibromatosis with large confluent hypodense masses almost totally occupying the abdominal and pelvic cavities. They are seen within the celiac region, extending to the periportal region, para-aortic region, small bowel mesentery, greater omentum, and retrocrural space.They also encase the patent splanchnic branches without narrowing, displacing and compressing the adjacent organs and bowel loops without invasion.Multiple diffuse and scattered subcutaneous and muscular nodules and masses (plexiform neurofibromas).Multiple low-density well-defined hypodense neurofibromas are seen along lumbosacral spinal canal, in the neural foramina and paravertebral regions bilaterally, along the sacral plexus in the pelvis on both sides and along the course of the nerves in both thighs with large right anterior thigh mass.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse dilation of small bowel with transition in the right mid abdomen with swirled appearance. Transition is at the distal/terminal ileum. 5 x 3 cm exophytic oval mass with heterogeneous enhancement and small fleck of calcification likely arising from the mid ileum in the left lower abdomen, a relatively short segment after it passes behind the volvulus. Vessels are swirled with the SMV wrapping around the SMA counterclockwise at the site of volvulus. Associated congestion in the mesentery with mild nodal enlargement. Small ascites. Mild thickening/fluid associated with ascending colon.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A relatively well-circumscribed midline homogeneously hyperdense soft tissue density lesion of ~44 to 54HU is noted occupying sellar and suprasellar region showing a mass effect on foramen of Monro with resultant moderate dilatation of bilateral lateral ventricles (right atrium ~1.8 cm, left atrium~2 cm). The lesion measures about (4 x 3.2 x 3 cm), in craniocaudal, transverse, anteroposterior dimensions respectively.Comminuted fracture of the right zygomatic arch is noted with minimal displacement.Fracture at posterolateral wall and floor of right orbit with minimal displacement is noted.Mildly comminuted fracture with depression is noted at the medial wall of right orbit showing mild herniation of orbital fat.Minimal right pneumoorbit is noted.Undisplaced fracture lines are seen in the right maxillary sinus.Fracture at the right lateral pterygoid plate is noted.Soft tissue contusion with hematoma formation seen at the right frontal, periorbital and maxillary region.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Grey matter lined CSF cleft extending from the right lateral ventricle to the right frontotemporal cortex. The septum pellucidum cannot be seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT head, day 6Ventilation tube via the mouth, nasogastric tube via the left nostril.Yet further aggravation of the right-sided cerebral edema, with the following features: widespread sulcal effacement in both cerebral hemispheres and in the cerebellum severe subfalcine herniation (up to 16 mm), with effacement of the right and third ventricles dilated left ventricle (hydrocephalus), with surrounding edema, most prominent around its occipital horn right inferior transalar herniation  right descending transtentorial herniation with Kernohan phenomenon  severe (10 mm) cerebellar tonsillar herniation  both transtentorial and tonsillar herniation cause effacement of the fourth ventricle falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli appear hyperdense (as do blood vessels in the right hemisphere), probably artifactually due to cerebral edema; however, parafalcine and tentorial subdural hematoma cannot be confidently ruled out


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are inflammatory changes with fat stranding within the left masticator space with swelling of the left masseter and buccinator muscles. The left parapharyngeal space remains intact and there is normal appearance of the left medial pterygoid. There is also swelling and stranding of the subcutaneous fat of the left side of the face.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT demonstrated a hypodense homogenous well defined rounded focal hepatic mass, measured 8 mm in diameter with a mean density -120-140 HU. Findings most consistent with a lipoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An incidental finding of left renal vein thrombosis.Evidence of a linear hypodense filling defect noted in the proximal aspect of the left renal vein (relative to the hilum of the left kidney). Evidence of narrowing of the proximal part of the left renal vein noted in between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The angle between the aorta and the SMA is reduced. The left renal vein, prior to its drainage to the narrowed portion, appears slightly dilatedHepatic hemangioma and cholelithiasis are noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Liver is of average size with no intraparenchymal lesions or dilated intrahepatic biliary radicals. Mild perihepatic and fissural fluid.Stable GB stones.Nodularity and strandings of the mesenteric fat planes density suggestive of peritoneal deposits.Unremarkable CT features of CBD, portal vein, pancreas, spleen, adrenals, kidneys, pelvic gynecological organs, urinary bladder, and rest of visualized opacified bowel loops.A few subcentimetric mesenrtic and periaortic lymph nodes Stable small fundal gastric diverticulum is noted with air fluid level within. Left sided colostomy is noted.The visualized bones show no suspicious lesions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Absence of abdominal wall musculature.Grossly distended bladder with wall thickening and diverticulum. Bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Grossly distended and tortuous ureters.Non-obstructing right kidney calculus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Inflammation of the distal half of the ascending colon on a background of pancolonic diverticulosis. There is mural thickening, pericolic fast stranding, and thickening of the adjacent retroperitoneal fascial planes. A diverticulum lies at the epicentre of the inflammation. There is no fluid collection and no free air. The findings are consistent with ascending colon diverticulitis.Bilateral lower pole renal stones are noted. Diffuse hepatic steatosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Heterogeneous masses throughout the liver, being slightly hypodense on the non-contrast CT with enhancement on portal venous and progressive enhancement on delayed phases. Some of the masses are centrally hypodense.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Mildly dilated small bowel without discrete transition point. Dilated cecum containing a small amount stool and mostly air (pseudopneumatosis). Mild distention of the remainder of the large bowel, which transitions at a site of narrowing at the junction of the distal descending and sigmoid colon, with extensive diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon noted at this location. Thin colo-colonic fistula containing air along the medial and superior aspect of this narrowing which can be best seen on the coronal reformatted images.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: TECHNIQUE: Portal venous CT Abdomen/Pelvis with oral contrast. Images were first acquired of the pelvis, followed by the upper abdomen with additional oral contrast and air.      FINDINGS: Stomach wall appears thickened and polypoid, with irregular contouring especially noted at the cardia and greater curvature. Extensive soft tissue thickening of the gastric antrum and pylorus, which extends to involve the duodenum from D1 to the distal D2. The duodenal thickening appears to reflect a combination of frank wall oedema with superficially layered sessile and semi-sessile polyps. The distal jejunum and majority of the ileum appear unaffected.       Mural thickening and sessile polypoid changes are present within the terminal ileum, extending to involve the caecum, ascending colon and hepatic flexure. Peristalsis and contrast artefact obscures fine detail of the transverse colon, although there are multiple non-contiguous segments of wall thickening and clusters of sessile polyps. Descending colon is not well opacified, but appears thick walled. The rectosigmoid was not imaged. No evidence of frank bowel obstruction or free gas.No suspicious lymphadenopathy.Diffuse fatty infiltration throughout the liver. Gallbladder is decompressed and thin walled.Pancreas, spleen and adrenal glands are unremarkable.Contrast present within the renal collecting system. No hydronephrosis or hydroureter. Large fluid density cortical cyst within the left kidney.IMPRESSION:Diffuse mural thickening and innumerable sessile and pedunculated polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, with particular involvement of the stomach, proximal duodeunm, and large bowel.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dilated mucus-filled bronchi in the right lung lower lobe with surrounding lung hypoattenuation. Abnormal arteries are arising from the abdominal aorta and celiac trunk feeding this part of the lung.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Numerous tortuous vascular channels are seen in the region of the portal veenhance during the portal venous phase with dilated tortuous splenic vein ansuperior mesenteric vein. No filling of contrast within the described vascular channels on arterial phase. No intra-luminal thrombosis seen.These vessels drain into the left and right portal veins with additional communications with the pericholecystic veins.Non-cirrhotic liver showing enlarged segment IV of the left lobe and reduced size of segments II and III. No hepatic focal lesions.No biliary radicles dilatation.The spleen is not enlarged.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well defined rounded heterogenous nodule in the right hilar region, displaying fatty in consistency, splaying branches of right main bronchus, and the right superior pulmonary vein, no calcifications.No significant mediastinal lymph node enlargement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged with a nodular heterogeneous CT attenuation and scattered calcific foci. At the level of the hyoid bone and to the left, closely related to the strap muscles, is a well-defined rounded structure with hyperdense, slightly heterogeneous CT attenuation similar to the thyroid. It measures 1.6 x 1.9 x 2.2 cm. The appearance is most suggestive of an ectopic thyroid gland. Bilateral small multilevel cervical lymph nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Noncontrast CT of the chest shows two oval, somewhat fusiform masses located in the superior/middle mediastinum that exert mass effect and do not invade adjacent vessels and aerodigestive structures.Both lesions are similar in appearance, exhibiting relatively circumscribed margins and internal low density suggesting possible composition of soft tissue and fatty elements. There is the suggestion of continuation with a thin linear soft tissue structure superior/inferior to each mass, best appreciated on coronal view.The superior mass is located anterior to the proximal left subclavian artery at the level of the thoracic inlet. The inferior mass is located along the left tracheoesophageal groove.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: No previous cross-sectional body imaging available at the time of reporting.Lung bases clear with several prominent air cysts, probably related to advanced age.~6 cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve is acute inflammation of a focal outpouching of the mesenteric border of the terminal ileum suspicious for acute diverticulitis of the ileum, a further non-inflamed diverticulum is present just upstream from the inflamed diverticulum. Unremarkable appendix.  Local mildly enlarged reactive nodes.  No free fluid or gas.Scattered diverticulosis of the colon, especially of the sigmoid colon, without diverticulitis.Moderate hiatus hernia.  Decompressed stomach.Diffuse decreased hepatic density may represent steatosis.  No CT visible stones in the gallbladder.  Mild biliary dilatation without visible filling defects.  Portal and hepatic veins patent.  Spleen, pancreas, adrenals and kidneys unremarkable.Bilateral prominent fat in the proximal inguinal canals consistent with inguinal hernias, these may be subclinical.No vertebral compression fractures.  No suspicious bone lesions.Conclusion:Acute diverticulitis of the terminal ileum. No evidence of perforation or abscess.I do not think this is Meckel diverticulitis as the abnormality arises from the mesenteric border.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Images are windowed to optimize visualization of the intraluminal positioning of the gastric band. There is partial intragastric erosion of the gastric band. Coronal reformats show oral contrast surrounding the leftward/cranial aspect of the gastric band, which is intraluminal. The caudal/medial aspect of the band is in correct position.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 62×58mm thick-walled hetero-enhancing cyst-like lesion is noted superolateral to the right kidney and causing marked mass effect on adjacent renal parenchyma. Mild local invasion into adjacent liver parenchyma is suspected.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Grossly thick-walled bladder with multiple diverticula. Note marked increase in vascularity to the bladder wall, especially at the dome. The patient has an inflatable penile erection device with the fluid reservoir in the left groin adjacent to the bladder.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nondisplaced fracture of the superior aspect of the left greater trochanter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Mid sigmoid colon non-circumferential enhancing mural growth with transerosal spread. Associated 2 cm sigmoid mesocolic deposit with four to five subcentimetric pericolonic lymph nodes. Moderate pericolonic fat stranding with mild mesenteric fluid. No other distant abdominal spread.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Irregular uterine cavity with gas and fluid collection, walls that enhance with contrast. Right myometrial hypodense mass that suggests myoma. There are no lymphadenopathy visible. Left adnexal tubular hypodense lesion that sugests hydrosalpinx.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are bilateral soft tissue masses with ill-defined borders seen at the infrascapular region, with attenuation that is similar to adjacent muscle. The overlying muscles are displaced but not invaded.On the left side, the adjacent rib shows changes of old fracture.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A linear filling defect is present in the left atrium, running between the left lateral wall anterior to the left inferior pulmonary vein ostium and the right anterior wall. This is consistent with cor triatriatum with a large inferior fenestration. All 4 pulmonary veins drain into the posterior chamber of the partially septated LA. The left atrial appendage is in the anterior chamber of the partially septated LA.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a regular circumferential thickening of the anorectal wall with numerous calcifications (phleboliths) within and in perirectal space. Multiple perirectal serpiginous structures, suggestive of vascular origin.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Immediately deep to the anterior abdominal wall, in the right side of the umbilical region, and anterior to ileum loop, there is a circumscribed focal area of the fat stranding measuring about 15 x 30 x 55 mm with a hyperdense peripheral halo that shows central swirling omental vessels.A hypodense cortical cyst measuring about 25 mm is present at the left kidney mid-pole.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Elongation of the descending aorta, with a buckling at the level of the ligamentum arteriosum, distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 32×28mm well-defined soft tissue mass is present at pancreatic body which shows bright arterial enhancement. No peripancreatic fat infiltration or regional lymphadenopathy is observed.Several simple cortical cysts in the kidneys less than 28mm.  Cholecystectomy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Very large multilobulated, septated, calcified cystic left splenic lesion is again seen consistent with the known hydatid cyst measuring 21.5 x 14.6 x 21.8 cm, displacing the stomach to the right, and the left kidney, splenic flexure and pancreatic tail inferiorly. It is predominantly filled with low density fluid, but also contains a moderate volume of gas laterally. No free intraperitoneal gas is seen. A large volume of free intraperitoneal fluid is seen. The liver is surrounded by free fluid and has an extremely nodular surface with scalloping of the capsule. Hypodense lesions in segment 6 and 8 are stable. Tiny segment 5 calcific granuloma. Stable hyperdense right renal cyst. The remainder of the intra-abdominal and pelvic organs are unremarkable.Large left pleural effusion. Conclusion  Very large splenic hydatid cyst with free intraperitoneal fluid consistent with cyst rupture. New intra-cystic gas of uncertain source and may represent secondary infection. Stable liver cystic lesions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The left renal vein appears dilated and hyperdense in the non-contrast study, showing a filling defect during venous phase imaging following intravenous contrast nearly from its origin, with few tiny collaterals and surrounding perinephric fat stranding, however, there is no obvious hypoenhancing wedge cortical areas, delayed or persistent enhancement or kidney swelling, features suggesting renal vein thrombosis.There are marginally enhancing dilated tubular structures bilaterally arising from the expected origin of gonadal veins down to the pelvis, showing internal filling defect and surrounding fat stranding, suggesting bilateral gonadal vein thromboses.Two adjacent rim-enhancing lesions are noted in the pelvis anterior to the urinary bladder, measuring collectively about 5 x 2 cm with surrounding fat stranding suggesting abscesses.Pubic subcutaneous fat stranding is mostly related to the previous CS surgery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Atrophic native kidneys.Right iliac fossa transplant.   This concentrates and excretes poorly, in keeping with poor function.The left transplant kidney concentrates and excretes normally.  Normal appearances of the collecting system and ureter which is anastomosed to the anterior aspect of the urinary bladder.  Small simple cortical cyst in the left transplant kidney.Patulous distal ureters.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: RUL totally collapsed due to obstructed bronchus to RUL, with numerous small air-filled cavities which likely represent bronchiectasis. Cavitation at the centre of the lobe measuring 51 mm across, with air-high density fluid level.Moderate right hilar and right mediastinal lymphadenopathy.Calcified right and left coronary arteries (RCA, LMCA, LAD, and several of its diagonals).Mild hepatomegaly.Long-standing pneumobilia. Splenomegaly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive subarachnoid haemorrhage centred on the basal CSF cisterns. Intraventricular extension with hydrocephalus. Generalised sulcal effacement suggestive of cerebral oedema.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Coronal CT of the sacrum in bone windows has the appearance of a pig's head.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large multiloculated pyopneumothorax with thickening and enhancement of the pleural linings.Middle lobe consolidation with air bronchograms.Increased interstitial markings at the right lower lobe.The left lung field is unremarkable.Few reactive mediastinal lymph nodes.Ill-defined hypodensity at the liver dome, abutting the collection; mostly reactive.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-enhanced CT shows multiple hypoattenuation masses in the liver. The biggest mass is in the V segment. The arterial phase shows discontinuous, nodular, peripheral enhancement. The portal venous phase shows progressive peripheral enhancement with the central fill-in. The delayed phase shows homogenous hyperattenuating enhancement. No mass in the pancreas and spleen is seen. No evidence of enlarged lymph node.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nutmeg liver


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiloculated cystic / solid mass is noted at anterior aspect of right parotid gland, measured about 56 × 46 × 41 mm . After contrast media injection, soft tissue component of the mass shows marked heterogeneous enhancement. Extension of mass between the zygomatic and coronoid processes is evident. No adjacent bony destruction is visible.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large defect (3.4 cm) in the posterior aspect of left hemidiaphragm  with herniation of the stomach through this defect to the left hemithorax. The gastro-oesophageal junction is correctly positioned. Oedematous changes are noted in the gastric wall. There is herniation of parts of the spleen to the left hemithorax.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An acute intraventricular haemorrhage involving the left lateral ventricle is noted. On CTA, There are multiple, tortuous, serpiginous, enhancing vessels in the left parietal lobe resulting in a mass formation. The feeding vessels arise from branches of MCA and ACA and large vein draining into superior sagittal sinus. Anterior and middle cerebral arteries are well opacified showing normal anatomy.No evidence of segmental stenosis or dilatation. No atherosclerotic plaque or thrombosis is seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked large bowel dilatation with caecum measuring up to 8.6 cm. Transition to collapsed bowel at the proximal sigmoid colon where there is a 3.0 cm stenosing lesion. Background of uncomplicated colonic diverticular disease. Hyperdense colonic contents, has the patient had recent enteric contrast? Pericolonic fat stranding and fluid around the ascending colon and caecum. No free gas. No enlarged lymph nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Infiltrative nodular enhancing tissue involving segments 2, 3, 4, and 8. Round mass in segment 7. Narrowing of the left hepatic and portal vein branches. Capsular retraction along the anterior aspect of the segment 4.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT and subsequent angiography revealed a large aorto portal shunt. The shunt is fed from the branches of the celiac trunk. The contrast was injected through the leg, so there are artifacts in the inferior vena cava from it.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderate intrahepatic and common bile duct dilation to the ampulla. Massive cystic dilation of the main pancreatic duct and sidebranches. No solid enhancing nodules. Stranding about uncinate process indicating component of pancreatitis. Small calcifications in the pancreatic tail. Non-obstructive left renal stones. Total colectomy with right upper quadrant ileostomy. Extensively infiltrative mesenteric mass which extends into the right paracolic gutter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Frontal sinus completely opacified on left.Frontochoanal polyp.Small left maxillary sinus with mucosal thickening, bubbly secretion, and thickened outer walls.Cavernous segment of ICA bilaterally exhibits extensively calcified atheromatous plaque.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Homogeneous low density mass lesion is seen filling the entire right maxillary antrum. It protrudes through the widened maxillary antral ostium into the corresponding choana to reach the posterior nasopharynx.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bony excrescences arising from the buccal mandibular surface especially on the left with an air-filled ulcer in the oral cavity involving overlying mucosa.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT confirms the fracture and healing callous around the fracture site.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: No acute intracranial abnormality.Incidental note of low lying cerebellar tonsils suspicious for Chiari 1 malformation.There is also complete atlantooccipital fusion noted associated with basilar invagination ( see annotated image with C2 dens seen above McRae line). Both skeletal abnormalities are associated with Chiari 1 malformation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT scan showing tibialis anterior muscle hernia with fatty replacement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Both kidneys are fused and visualised in the pelvic cavity, the uterus is not visualised. Both ovaries are present and situated in the respective iliac fossae (see annotation).There is a simple mesenteric cyst noted in the left iliac fossa.Agenesis of uterus, crossed fused renal ectopia are the features most likely suggestive of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large, lobulated, low density mass at the left base of penis intimatetly related to the urethra at the prostatic apex.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is large volume thrombus straddling the aortic bifurcation. There is an abrupt occlusion of the below knee popliteal artery on the left with isolated segments of contrast seen within the left common peroneal and posterior tibial arteries. The left crural vessels otherwise appear occluded.