Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Two low-attenuation cortical defects in the upper pole of the right kidney. The larger defect has a few areas of faint internal enhancement and thin capsular enhancement. There is atherosclerosis and plaque in the right renal artery, although detailed comments cannot be made due to a lack of angiographic images. The left common iliac artery is occluded. Partially calcified right adrenal nodule, possibly post-traumatic.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Ill-defined mass centred on the pancreatic head with pancreatic duct, intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct dilatation. Ill-defined low attenuation lesion in segment VII of liver in keeping with metastasis. Dilated gallbladder. Local lymphadenopathy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Heavy atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, mesenteric, and iliac vessels. Hazy stranding and mildly prominent lymph nodes about the abdominal aorta at the level of and slightly inferior to the renal arteries. No definite periaortic gas is identified. No aortoenteric fistula. Posterior projecting  small pseudoaneurysm at the level of the right renal artery, with the defect in the wall measuring 6-7 mm and the extraluminal collection measuring 2.1 x 0.8 x 1.2 cm.  Focal ectasia measuring 2.6 cm in the mid segment of the infrarenal abdominal aortawithout aneurysm. Severe narrowing and heavy plaque at the origin of the right renal artery. Ill-defined rounded area of low attenuation along the anterior interpolar cortex which could represent small area of inflammation, infarction, or mass.Colonic dilation with large amount of stool.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Presurgical contrast enhanced CT scan demonstrating a marked narrowing of descending thoracic aorta at the level of where the ligamentum arteriosum inserts into the descending aorta and is distal to the left subclavian artery keeping with the infantile(pre-ductal) form of aortic coarctation. There are also a prominent dilatation and tortuosity of internal thoracic posterior, anterior intercostal,  musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Atelectatic right maxillary antrum with complete opacification.Nasal septal deviation with convexity toward the right side.Rest of the para nasal sinuses are of normal size.Focal mucoperiosteal thickening of medial wall of left maxillary sinus.Congested inferior nasal turbinates.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Ring enhancing lesion in the left occipital lobe with significant surrounding peri-lesional edema


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non obstructing 18 mm calculus in right renal pelvis.Obstructing 7 mm calculus at left vesico-ureteric junction with upstream left ureteric and pelvicalyceal system dilatation. Fat stranding around left ureter. Abnormal enhancement of lining of left ureter and left pelvicalyceal system suggests infection. Reduced enhancement of left kidney compared to right.No other abnormalities.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a hypodense collection with peripheral enhancement extending from the prostatic base to the ventral aspect of the penis with involvement of the corpus spongiosum. There is also subcutaneous gas within a thickened scrotal wall with associated bilateral perineal fat stranding.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 8.0 cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with surrounding high-attenuation stranding. Mass effect on the left ureter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large pseudoaneurysm arising from the medial aspect of the radial artery. No evidence of arterial dissection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An oblong hyperdense stone measuring about 18 x 10 mm in maximum dimensions. It measures (891 HFU) in density. It is noted lower down and impacted within the posterior prostatic urethra just inferior to the urinary bladder neck. Multiple tiny small, hyperdense foci noted within the lower and middle calyx of the right kidney, with the largest is lower calyceal measuring about 3 mm in maximum diameter suggestive of multiple right renal gravels. The left kidney is relatively smaller in size with relative thinning out of the renal parenchyma. It has lobulated irregular cortical margins. Mild to moderate prominent left renal collecting calyceal system, left renal pelvis as well as left ureter downstream to the level of the left vesicoureteric junction. Minimal perinephric fat strandings. Images could be suggestive of chronic pyelonephritis changes with other changes post to recently passed stone.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A rounded hyperdense lesion located near the interventricular foramina of Monro. Although the bodies of the lateral ventricles are prominent, the temporal horns remain small, the brain sulci are not effaced and there is no transependymal oedema to suggest acute obstructive hydrocephalus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Asymmetrically hyperdense left putamen is seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The right medial rectus muscle is diffusely enlarged with moderate homogeneous enhancement with relative involvement of its tendineous insertion.  Smudging of the retro-orbital fat is noted as well as mild pre-orbital cellulitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The greater wing of the left sphenoid bone is relatively enlarged with medullary expansion and an intact cortical outline showing ground-glass opacities within.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: coffee bean sign is seen in the topogram. a large gas-filled loop is identified, consistent with the sigmoid colon measuring 12 cm in diameter) lacking the normal haustra, forming a closed-loop obstruction.  whirl sign is present evident by twisting of the mesentery and mesenteric vessels No discreet mass lesion. No bowel perforation. Rest of the bowel loops are normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Approximately 5 cm of mid transverse colon shows circumferential mural thickening and mucosal hyperenhancement with inflammation of a couple of diverticuli, localized pericolonic fat stranding. A couple of inflamed diverticuli also seen close to the hepatic flexure. No diverticuli in the remaining large bowel. No suggestion of any underlying neoplasm. A few reactive pericolonic lymph nodes are present.Moderate fatty infiltration of the liver. 8.8 mm calcified granuloma in segment VII. Conclusion  Features suggestive of active ascending colon diverticulitis. Moderate fatty liver.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral enlarged palatine tonsils measures on the left side about 2 x 1.8 cm.Enlarged right level II cervical lymph node measures about 2 x 1.7 cm.Prominent nasopharyngeal soft tissue with calcified focus within.Incidentally noted right hypodense thyroid nodule measures about 2 x 1.5 cm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple osteolytic lesions featuring hair-on-end appearance and sun-ray spiculation involving most of the cranial bones and right mandible. The largest left parieto-occipital region lesion causes significant mass effect over the underlying brain parenchyma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Several loops of the mid-small bowel are distended and one loop centrally demonstrates significant bowel wall thickening. The most thickened loop demonstrates extensive submucosal oedema and overall reduction in contrast enhancement. The terminal ileum is unremarkable and there is no large bowel abnormality. The appendix is normal.The mesenteric vessels are patent with no evidence of significant atheromatous disease or thrombosis. Moderate amount of pelvic free fluid as well as small amount of perisplenic and perihepatic fluid. Extensive mesenteric stranding surrounding the involved small bowel loops. No free gas.There are few simple cysts in the kidneys and the right lower pole contains a small fat density angiomyolipoma. The gallbladder contains some slightly dense band of calcific debris. No biliary dilatation. The remainder of the solid organs are unremarkable. No lymphadenopathy.Lung bases are clear. Ankylosis of the sacroiliac joints. IMPRESSION  New small bowel wall thickening with extensive mesenteric fat stranding. Mild small bowel dilatation proximal to the inflamed segment. In the presence of bilateral ankylosis of the sacroiliac joints, features are most in keeping with Crohn disease.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Tortuous trachea. Left lung parenchyma has been destroyed, and is replaced by a thickened and irregular cavity with a small amount of layering fluid and bronchiectasis. Diffuse volume loss of the left hemithorax. Right upper lobe replaced by a thick-walled cavity and bronchiectasis. Few scattered inflammatory opacities in the right lower lobe with a focal larger, rounded consolidation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intimal flap within the ascending aorta compatible with dissection that extends into the abdominal aorta to the level of the renal arteries. The ascending aorta is dilated.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An infiltrative tumor mass in proximal descending colon adjacent to the splenic flexure, measuring around 9.5 cm in length. Blurring of surrounding fat tissue can be observed, as well as regional lymphadenopathy, with the largest lymph nodes measuring up to 1.2 cm in short axis. The tumor mass is adjacent to middle portion of left kidney, but with no clear signs of Gerota's fascia involvement. The tumor mass is causing stenosis and lumen of the large and small intestine are consequently dilated.  The colon measures up to 6.3 cm, the caecum up to 8 cm and the small intestine up to 4.2 cm in diameter.Gallstones can be seen in the gallbladder, which also shows mild wall thickening.Inguinal hernia is seen on the left, containing part of urinary baldder, measuring 6 x 3.2 cm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A short loop of small bowel is located within an umbilical hernia which has a neck measuring 25 mm transversely. Subsequently, there is a small bowel dilatation proximally and collapsed distally indicating obstruction. The large bowel is unremarkable. No free intra-abdominal gas.The liver is small with a nodular contour and heterogeneous parenchymal attenuation in keeping with cirrhosis. There is a moderate amount of ascitic fluid around the liver and spleen and in the pericolic gutters and pelvis. The paraumbilical vein is patent. The spleen is bulky but not particularly enlarged and contains a linear cleft posteriorly. There are numerous mesenteric and omental collateral vessels. The left gastric vein is severely dilated and there are numerous gastro-oesophageal varices extending into the posterior mediastinum. The main portal vein is mildly enlarged (14 mm). No portal and splenic venous thrombosis. Small incidental gallstones.Extensive metal artefact in the right side of the chest due to previous internal fixation of the right humerus. Minor atelectasis posteriorly at the lung bases. No basal pleural effusion. No osseous abnormality. IMPRESSION Acute small bowel obstruction secondary to an incarcerated umbilical hernia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CBD is prominent and in it's distal course is encased by a gas-filled duodenal diverticulum. This was present and unchanged on a CT 2 years prior.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Long circumferentially thickening segment of antrum and pylorus with a wall thickness exceeding 1 cm. The stomach is markedly distended containing food residue.Perigastric fat stranding and small volume lymphadenopathy up to 7 mm at the site of the thickened gastric wall.The solid organs are normal.Multiple calcified gallstones within the gallbladder.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral dystrophic calcifications at the corticomedullary junction in the posterior temporal and occipital lobes, the lentifrom nuclei and the lateral aspect of both thalamus.Lacunar infart in the deep right parietal white matter.Ventricular shunt at the frontal horn.Occipital craniectomy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left lateral neck cystic lesion located posterior to the angle of the mandible and lateral to the carotid vessels.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: NECT scan of the brain showing a round-shaped iso-dense unilocular cyst seen at the roof of the third ventricle associated with secondary non communicating hydrocephalus of lateral ventricles most probably due to obstruction in foramen of Monro. No calcification or haemorrhage. Splayed frontal horns of lateral ventricles laterally to the cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Absence of left kidney with compensatory hypertrophy of the normally located right kidney.Seminal vesicle cysts with a left dilated cystic tubular structure extending up from the left seminal vesicle into the left lower abdomen, ending abruptly at the level of the aortic bifurcation, indicating most likely an atretic ureter.with an ectopic orifice into the left seminal vesicle. No specification of the atretic ureter on delayed excretory phase.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A hyperdense enhancing curvilinear structure noted across right cerebellar peduncle draining small radiating vessels from the pons and bilateral cerebellum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Soft-tissue density lesion within the right tympanic cavity and hypotympanum centred just anterior to the cochlear promontory. The lesion contacts the handle of the malleus. No bony erosion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Lobulated uterine fundus mass prolapsing into the vaginal canal, and resulting in some inversion of the fundus. The left Fallopian tube/broad ligament appear to be involved resulting in medialization of the left ovary. Right ovary in normal position with presumed small physiologic cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: High grade small bowel obstruction, with slow gradient of oral contrast -> unopacified contents.Oral contrast helps you to quickly target the point of obstruction, as the distal small bowel before the obstruction should only have fluid (oral contrast cannot make it that far).Incarcerated left femoral hernia.Notice inguinal ligament "cutting across the bowel" on coronal images.Note relationship with inferior epigastric vessels (hernia is below).Distal small bowel is decompressed


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Subcapsular collection in lower pole of the right kidney. It measures 6 x 5.3 x 3.5 cm.There is an ill defined, hypoattenuating area with specks of air in the upper pole of the right kidney with perirenal fat stranding.Multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the right para-aortic and retrocaval regions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Contrast material is seen to communicate with the excluded part of the aneurysm at the junction of the distal left common iliac artery and the left limb of the graft.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined nodular mass of hypoattenuating tissue ( -90HU) seen along the corpus callosal margin. The corpus callosum is hypoplastic/dysgenic with widely spaced ventricles. Features are those of tubulonodular pericallosal lipoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is seen from C2 to D1. There is also calcification of the spinous ligament. ¨Whiskering¨ enteshophytes are better seen at the pelvis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The cardiac apex is directed to the right (dextrocardia). Left sided aortic arch. The small hypertrophic morphological left ventricle is on the right. This is the subpulmonic ventricle. The hypertrophic morphological right ventricle with its moderator band is present on the left. This is the subaortic ventricle. Superior vena cava an inferior vena cava inflow to the right atrium passes through the AV valve to the morphologic left ventricle. Pulmonary venous return to a dilated left atrium passes through an AV valve to the morphologic right ventricle. Appearances are that of atrioventricular discordance and ventricular arterial discordance ie L -TGA ( congenitally corrected TGA.) A large ASD and small muscular VSD are present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large right cerebral convexity acute subdural haematoma measuring up to 19 mm in depth. Small left acute SDH with maximum thickness of 4 mm.Effacement of the adjacent cortical sulci and right lateral ventricle with associated subfalcine herniation and leftward midline shift of 10 mm. No evidence of ACA infarction. No transtentorial or tonsillar herniation. No hydrocephalus.Large left retrobulbar haematoma, abutting the superior and lateral orbital walls within the extraconal fat planes, measuring 38 x 25 x 19 mm. This depresses the extraocular muscles and globe, resulting in significant proptosis. The globe is intact. Large left periorbital haematoma with laceration. The right orbit is normal. No orbital fracture.No skull fracture elsewhere.The paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are well-aerated. No skull fracture.IMPRESSION Right cerebral convexity acute SDH with 10 mm leftward midline shift. Small left SDH. Large left retrobulbar haematoma with significant proptosis. Urgent ophthalmology opinion advised.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Gastric fundal submucosal heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion with central non-enhancing areas traversing gastric serosa associated with loss of fat planes with segment 2 of liver. There is a subcapsular hypodense lesion also involving the adjacent segment 2, possibly direct infiltration. Multiple subcentimetric perigastric round-enhancing lymph nodes present. No gastric intraluminal spread. Few paraaortic enhancing lymph nodes present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pleural calcification is present along the posterior aspect of the right upper lobe. No associated soft tissue mass. No other areas of calcification noted. Lungs are clear with no suspicious pulmonary nodule or mass. Heart and mediastinum are unremarkable.Acute right seventh rib fracture. Buckling of the third to sixth right ribs is of uncertain significance in the setting of old rib fractures but may also be acute.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 5 mm calculus is seen at the distal part of the left submandibular (Wharton’s) duct. The left submandibular gland is enlarged with a cystic appearance. There is an associated large multiloculated cystic lesion of the submandibular space with extension to the upper cervical region, measuring 53 × 36 × 35 mm.Contralateral submandibular gland is unremarkable.Incidental note of right palatine tonsillolith. Streak artefact from dental amalgam.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Good example of a superior periaortic pericardial recess.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple hypoenhancing areas in both kidneys, giving striated nephrogram appearance. The hypoenhancing regions involve the cortical rim, a feature differentiating them from acute cortical necrosis (rim sign). Also, note the perinephric fat stranding.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are several pulmonary nodules bilaterally, the largest is in the left lower lobe measuring 17 mm. Bilateral pleural posterior basal atelectasis. No pleural thickening or pleural effusion. Heart size is normal. No pulmonary embolus identified in a non-dedicated contrast study. No lymphadenopathy within the chest.The left breast contains two peripherally dense irregular masses measuring 11 mm superiorly and 10 mm laterally. There is no axillary, supraclavicular or internal mammary lymphadenopathy.There is a large irregular peripherally enhancing centrally necrotic right renal mass which measures 90 x 79 x 99 mm (AP x LR x CC) arising from the lower pole of the kidney. Laterally there is stranding of the perirenal fat and large recruited vessels. Medially the lesion abuts the psoas major muscle without evidence of muscular invasion. No hydronephrosis. The right renal vein and IVC are clear. The left kidney contains a simple cortical cyst (42 mm). No retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.No hepatic, parenchymal, splenic or adrenal lesion. The large and small bowel is unremarkable. The appendix incidentally contains an appendicolith. The uterus appears irregular with multiple fibroids internally. Cystic ovaries are noted bilaterally. No free fluid or free gas. Small enhancing nodule in the left inguinal canal.Thoracic and lumbosacral alignment is normal. No vertebral metastatic lesion is evident. No pelvic or proximal femoral lesion identified.IMPRESSIONLarge right lower pole renal lesion with central necrosis most in keeping with a primary renal malignancy such as RCC. There is no evidence of vascular invasion or lymphadenopathy.Multiple pulmonary metastases. No osseous metastasis identified within the axial skeleton.Two peripherally dense left breast lesions may represent metastases also given the absence of lymphadenopathy. Breast US and mammography is suggested.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral convexity subdural collections of fluid without obvious internal membranes or acute blood suggesting hygroma rather than chronic haematoma. Note subtle effacement of both frontal lobe sulci suggesting mass effect. These findings contrast with the preoperative scans.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large volume of portal venous gas.Long length of non-enhancing small bowel with pneumatosis intestinalis.Small volume of ascites.Normal appearances of the abdominal aorta and visceral vessels.   No venous thrombosis.Uterine fibroid.Patchy peripheral groundglass opacification in both lungs.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Circumferential soft tissue thickening involving the right internal iliac, bilateral common iliac arteries, and mid through distal abdominal aorta. Notice it surrounding the IMA. Both ureters are medialized but not obstructed. Aorta is not displaced anteriorly from the spine. No adenopathy. Transient small bowel intussusception left upper quadrant.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Image clearly demonstrates:  dense MCA sign on the left insular ribbon sign CT also show hypodensity with loss grey-white matter differentiation in the left MCA territory.Follow up CT showed sell established left MCA infarct.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Ascending retrocaecal position of the appendix with thickened and enhanced wall. Periappendiceal and mesenteric inflammatory changes with thickening of the peritoneal and right anterior pararenal fascias. Multiple pericecal, subhepatic fluid collections as well as hepatic abscesses in the segments VI and VII.Consolidation in the middle lobe and right lung base. A small splenic cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A para-umbilical hernia is seen with a 4.5 cm abdominal wall defect ,narrow neck & larger herniating sac harboring omentum and a bowel loop with proximal  intestinal obstructive changes and smudging of the herniating omentum is seen as well.No CT evidence of bowel perforation or pneumo-peritoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Replacing both ovaries are several multilocular cysts with enhancing walls and septations, some intensely. The largest cyst is on the right and measures 15.0 x 9.6 x 17.0 cm. There is omental fat stranding.Multiloculated cystic structure in the hepatic caudate lobe (segment I) measuring 3.7 x 2.9 x 4.1 cm altogether. Small hypodense focus in segment II and another one in segment V, both too small to characterise.Small amount of free intraperitoneal fluid, most of which is perihepatic.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 116×73 mm thick-walled septated cystic lesion is present at pancreatic body and tail. Several small lymphadenopathies are seen in peripancreatic regions. Follow up is recommended.A 15 mm hypo-attenuating mass is noted at segment VII of the liver which shows early peripheral enhancement with centripetal filling. Hemangioma is a probable diagnosis. Correlation with US finding is needed.The left kidney is relatively small and the right kidney shows compensatory hypertrophy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT confirm the presence of the anomalous vein draining into the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Increased wall thickness is noted of the upper third of the thoracic oesophagus. The mass causes indentation of posterior tracheal wall but there is no sign of tracheal wall infiltration.11 mm node at the left side of thoracic inlet.Focal fibrotic changes are noted at left lung apex and apical segment of the right lower lobe.A 30 mm parapelvic cyst is noted in the left kidney.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: No acute intracranial haemorrhage identified. Focal hypodensities in the left lentiform nuclear and left corona radiata likely represent chronic lacunar infarcts. Grey-white differentiation is otherwise preserved. No mass lesion. Ventricular size, sulcal pattern and basal cisterns are all unchanged. No bony abnormality demonstrated.Increased CBV/CBF and reduced TMax/MTT in the right temporal and right parietal lobes in keeping with hyperperfusion. Basilar fenestration. No aneurysms or large vessel filling defect identified. Asymmetric calibre of the M3/M4 branches in the right temporoparietal region.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a hyperdense area of blood density along the left anterior horn, left lateral ventricle and the third ventricle.Bilateral posterior cerebral arteries originate from the prominent right and left posterior communicating artery respectively suggestive of bilateral fetal origin of PCA.No aneurysm noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple cysts with enhancing thick walls and internal septations & curvilinear hyper attenuating structures are seen at liver parenchyma. Some of them show incomplete peripheral calcification. A 20×16mm well-defined mass is noted at left kidney which enhances less than surrounding parenchyma of post contrast images. The mean attenuation value on non-contrast and PVP  delayed post contrast images, measured about 45HU , 110HU and 94HU , respectively . No local invasion or regional lymphadenopathy are seen.A little amount free fluid is present at posterior cul-de-sac.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Comminuted displaced fracture of the anterior aspect of the left iliac wing, as well as haematoma with active bleeding in overlying soft tissue. Mild free fluid and a faint laceration in the medial aspect of the spleen. Small haematoma in the proximal jejunal mesentery. No extraluminal free air bubble detected. No oral contrast was administered to explore contrast extravasation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Heterogeneously hypo enhancing left suprarenal mass lesion measuring about 30*40*65 mm showing areas of calcificationsThere are bilateral paraaortic enlarged lymph nodes showing evidence of calcification.Spleen hypodense focal lesion (segment IV)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A few atelectatic bands are scattered at both lung fields. A few prominent lymph nodes are seen at left axillary and retropectoral regions with maximum SAD of 10mm. Asymmetrical increased wall thickness is present at the proximal gastric body accompanied by mild perigastric fat stranding. A few small lymphadenopathies are also observed in the vicinity of the diseased segment. A 10mm cyst is noted at segment IVb of the liver.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT shows defect at mesocolon with protrusion of small bowel loops through the defect. Herniated small bowel loops are hypoperfused, small bowel mesentery with fat stranding. Afferent small bowel loops distended with air-fluid levels. Final: Transomental internal hernia complicated by small bowel obstruction and strangulation


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right side VP shunt is seen. No evidence of dilatation of ventricular system.Smooth surface of the cerebrum with thick cortex and sparse cortical sulci.Diffuse white matter hypodensity in both cerebral hemispheres.Mild subdural collection along the left fronto-temporal lobes with maximum thickness of 8mm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Obstructive right proximal ureteral stone, mild/moderate hydronephrosis, complex anterior cortical abscess, diffuse cortical hypoenhancement with absent excretory activity on delayed images.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The left tempro-parietal cortical and subcortical regions are hypodense with mass effect upon the left lateral ventricle and contralateral midline shift. Abnormal increased density of the left middle cerebral artery. Findings are suggestive of proximal left middle cerebral artery infarct.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Free intraperitoneal hyperdense fluid in keeping with haemoperitoneum. Contrast extravasation within the gallbladder where there is a large haematoma and gallbladder rupture with haematoma located within and external to the gallbladder.Possible grade 1 splenic laceration superiorly. Small volume perisplenic fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right lens in 9 o'clock position consistent with lens dislocation. Left frontopatietal subarachnoid haemorrhage and right temporal haemorragic contusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large mixed density -mostly fat attenuating- mass lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle (consistent with dermoid cyst) causing compression over the pons and fourth ventricle with resultant proximal hydrocephalus.There are multiple drops of fat in the cerebral sulci surrounding the brain mainly along both Sylvian fissures due to the ruptured dermoid cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are multiple small bowel loops that show mild wall edema and hypo-enhancement more obvious at the jejunum. No free fluid or uncontained gas.Large filling defect seen at the superior mesenteric artery, which re-opacifies after few centimetres. Few hyperdense shrapnels seen at the right abdominal wall from a remote injury.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Mildly dilated proximal small bowel with gradual admixture of oral contrast with enteric fluid as the bowel progresses distally. Two adjacent angulated transition points correspond to the "closed loop" segment, and form a "waist"-like appearance in the right mid abdomen on the axial images. The closed loop portion is dilated, fluid-filled, and has mesenteric edema/interloop fluid. No pneumatosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is hypoattenuation and expansion of the right gluteal muscles and piriformis. The inferior limit of this abnormal musculature has not been imaged. Streak artifact is present in the left gluteal region however there is suspicion of a similar but less severe process on this side. Bilateral intermuscular edema. No convincing abnormal enhancement on either side. No soft tissue gas. Right hip joint effusion.The liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, right kidney and adrenals are unremarkable. Slight hypoattenuation of the left kidney. Colonic faecal loading, otherwise no bowel abnormality.There is intraperitoneal and pelvic free fluid. NGT and bladder IDC in situ.Left lower lobe and left lingula consolidation. The right lung base is clear. No pleural effusion.No destructive osseous lesion. No fracture or dislocation. Conclusion  Hypoattenuation and expansion of the right gluteal muscles and piriformis represents rhabdomyolysis. A similar but less severe appearance is present on the left side. The inferior limit of the myonecrosis has not been imaged. If further imaging of the right leg is required, MRI would be far superior. Slightly decreased enhancement of the left kidney may be due to rhabdomyolysis causing acute renal impairment. Left lung consolidation likely aspiration.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large right retroperitoneal haematoma extends from the lower pole of the kidney along the psoas muscle down to the right groin measuring. Fluid around the right femoral vessels which appears contiguous with the haematoma. The haematoma displaces the bladder and cecum to the left, and lower pole of the right kidney anteriorly. Apparent extraluminal contrast seen posterolateral to the right common femoral artery seen in the arterial phase is unchanged in the portal venous images (not included).The right external femoral compression device is too laterally positioned with respect to the femoral vessels, best appreciated on the lung windows.Residual contrast within the urinary collecting system is from the recent angiographic procedure. Numerous fluid density lesions within the liver measuring up to 2cm, likely relating to cysts. Innumerable bilateral non-enhancing renal cysts of varying sizes involving the entire renal parenchyma, some are haemorrhagic cysts. Small sliding hiatus hernia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a fracture at the level of C2 involving the right transverse process and the base of the odontoid process.There appears to be a subtle linear filling defect within the horizontal portion of the right vertebral artery at the level of C2 concerning for a dissection flap.The left vertebral artery is tortuous but otherwise normal. The internal and external carotid arteries are opacify normally. No significant stenosisis seen. The arteries comprising the circle of Willis are incomplete; the left ICA supplies both ACAs and the left MCA, the right ICA supplies the right MCA. Conclusion Suspected tiny dissection flap within right vertebral artery at site of C2 transverse fracture.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube seen in situ with GB filled with contrast/stones.Inflammatory changes noted in the right site of mesentery and greater omentum.Dense urine in urinary bladder; mostly excreted from the previous interventional study.A ~5.5 x 6.0 x 7.4 cm well-defined intra-pelvic retroperitoneal mass lesion noted containing fat, soft tissue and tiny calcified focus (looks like a tooth on bone window - not shown).  It seems to arise\abutt the posterior aspect of the left seminal vesicle. It is not abutting the colon or rectum.The sacrum and pre-sacral space are intact.Appendicolith noted with no acute inflammatory changes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The aorta and its branches show wall calcifications due to atherosclerotic disease. An infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is demonstrated. The left posterolateral wall of the aneurysm extends into the left paralumbar region and follows the contour of the lumbar vertebrae with a draping effect ("draped aorta sign"). This is highly indicative of contained rupture.Other findings: mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and pelvic fat stranding small hepatic cysts left renal cyst degenerative osseous changes subcutaneous oedema cardiomegaly right pleural effusion


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Enlarged (post parturition) uterus with heterogeneous enhancement and swelling in the myometrium and endometrium especially at the fundus suggestive of localized sepsis.  Full hand of CT hypotension complex ie "black spleen" with virtually no enhancement in arterial and portal venous phases (HU of 49 to 58), "shock pancreas" with patchy enhancement and oedema in the adjacent mesentery, "shock liver" with reduced enhancement and periportal oedema, "shock bowel" with dilatation and mural oedema with increased enhancement and "black kidneys" showing markedly reduced enhancement especially in the arterial phase.  Note the splenic and renal arteries are patent on the angiogram thus reduced parenchymal enhancement is at an arteriole/capillary level. Aorta and IVC are not collapsed or slit-like.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thoracic aorta  extensive aortic root dilatation measuring up to 9.6 cm regarding its maximum dimensions as well as the sino-tubular junction normal calibre of the ascending aorta, arch and descending thoracic aorta and the visceral branches (left subclavian, left common carotid and brachiocephalic arteries)    Abdominal aorta  normal calibre of the supra and infra-renal abdominal aorta and the visceral branches (celiac trunk and inferior mesenteric arteries)   Other findings  gross cardiomegaly  lumbosacral dural ectasia with scalloping of the dorsal surface of the vertebrae intrasacral meningocele passive hepatomegaly  lumbar scoliosis with convexity to left


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral subdural collections with mild hyperdensity along the falx cerebri.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is complete separation of the upper and lower half of the right kidney by approximately 6cm. The fracture extends through the right renal pelvis. A large peri- and para-nephric haematoma on the right extends to the anterior mesentery, perihepatic, right paracolic gutter and to the pelvis. Contrast is seen in the proximal right renal vein which then fades off hence suggesting transection at this site. The ascending colon is displaced medially. There is good enhancement of the upper and lower right renal poles. Appearances are consistent with a grade 5 American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) injury to the right kidney.Normal appearances of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, adrenals and left kidney. No bone fracture within the region scanned.CT Chest (not included above was normal).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large cyst fills the majority of the peritoneal cavity, displacing solid organs and bowel. A smaller cyst is along the inferior liver margin. Two sets of VP shunt tubing are present: one follows a looped course along the liver dome, and the second terminates in the large peritoneal pseudocyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are signs of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema. The latter distributed to the level of suprahyoid neck (probably, even higher) upwards and abdominal wall tissues downwards. There is also small amount of air around m. triceps on the right (more) and on the left.Pneumatisation of both lungs is decreased bilaterally with anteroposterior gradient. There is also small area of thickened interlobular interstitium in S1/2 of the left lung, probably due to underlying COVID-19. Segmental bronchi are dilated bilaterally.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Consolidation in the medial basal left lower lobe with peribronchial thickening. Anterior right apical 3mm granuloma is unchanged. Bilateral lower lobe peribronchial thickening with scattered mucus plugging, greater in the left lower lobe. Tracheobronchial tree patent.Multiple small hilar mediastinal nodes are likely reactive in aetiology.Soft tissue thickening centred on the right fifth costal cartilage.Upper abdominal viscera appear unremarkable for non-contrast CT examination. IMPRESSION   Left lower lobe consolidation Right fifth costal cartilage soft tissue lesion of unknown significance, suggest US-guided biopsy


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Along the lateral superior aspect of the orbits rounded extraconal mass centered around the right lacrimal gland with peripheral and mild central heterogeneous enhancement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT scan shows displaced gastroesophageal junction, herniation of stomach into the thorax through the hiatus with additional herniation of transverse colon (Type 4, mixed or compound hiatal hernia)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT scan revealed the features of a retrocaecal appendicitis, perforated within the right psoas muscles forming a large abscess that extended through the right abdominal wall into the subcutaneous tissues with fistulisation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Walled-off fluid collection with foci of gas and high density serpiginous material within.Surrounding bowel loops show ileus and the mesentery is congested.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The right glenohumeral joint shows the typical signs of rotator cuff  tear arthropathy including a high riding humeral head, reduced subacromial space with acetabularisation of the acromion, femoralisation of the humeral head,  decreased joint space in the superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint with associated subchondral sclerosis and collapse of the humeral head. The acromial demonstrates increased sclerosis anteriorly. The ACJ is relatively normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right frontal lobe atrophy.Extensive right frontoparietal cortical calcification with a tram track appearance.Ipsilateral right frontal sinus and occipital horn choroid plexus enlargement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT images demonstrate: distended gallbladder with thick enhancing wall and high-attenuating content small stone (9 mm) obstructing the gallbladder-neck well-visualised on non-contrast images multiple defects of the gallbladder wall with fluid collections in subhepatic space, adjacent and within the duodenal wall/hepatic flexure with surrounding fat stranding. dilated common bile duct (10 mm) with stone (8 mm) in its distal portion simple renal cysts


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT abdomen with contrast Large laceration of the anterior wall of the rectum with pneumoperitoneum, peritoneal effusion, and diffuse stercoraceous peritonitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral thalamic hypodensity more at the right side with increased calibre and attenuation of deep cerebral veins and vein of Galen.No intracranial haemorrhage.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy at multiple nodal stations, the largest 5.6cm in the subcarinal space.Occasional lung nodule.  Nodularity of the fissures, most pronounced on the horizontal fissure.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple enhancing lesions are demonstrated - some demonstrate peripheral enhancement whereas others demonstrate confluent enhancement. These are located within both parietal/occipital lobes, left frontal lobe, left temporal lobe, right posterior external capsule and left cerebellar hemisphere. There is prominent oedema surrounding most of the lesions.Punctate calcific foci are noted within the right parietal lobe. No meningeal enhancement appreciated. No midline shift. No hydrocephalus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial and coronal reformatting post intravenous contrast study shows a large subcapsular hepatic collection. The gall bladder is distended with two sites of wall defect seen in its anterior and posterior parts these defects are look connected to the subcapsular hepatic collection. Small dens foci seen in the region of Morison's pouch similar to the stones seen in the gall bladder suggesting to be a dropped gall stones.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large middle mediastinal mass is visible in the right paratracheal space. The majority of mass has fat density except for a calcified component, anteriorly, and a small soft tissue component superiorly. The mass displaces the SVC anteriorly and insinuates to the azygoesophageal recess.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is absence of corpus callosum with absent septum pellucidum and widely spaced vertically oriented lateral ventricle. Dilated occipital horns bilaterally consistent with colpocephaly. Abnormal wavy pattern of gyral development along the inter-hemispheric fissure is seen. There is interhemispheric cyst medial to the right occipital horn measuring 4.0 x 3.3 cm.There is a hyperdense subependymal nodule at the level of left foramen of monro measuring 7.0 x 7.3 mm. This partially calcified nodule is concerning for the tuberous sclerosis over grey  matter heterotopic nodule. Further evaluation was recommended with contrast enhanced CT / MRI.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A mass in the region of the pineal gland is seen with peripheral calcifications and hydrocephalus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Fracture without dislocation on the base of the dens axis. The atlanto-dental distance is not widened. In the atlanto-axial joint there is a ventral dislocation both sides.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Filling defect and dissection flap in the left V1 segment just proximal to the vertebral artery entry into the left C6 transverse foramen. Distally there is poor opacification, with no opacification of the V3 and proximal V4 segment. Contralateral opacification of the distal V4 segment from the right, with poor but some opacification of the left PICA. Basilar artery opacifies normally. No cervical spine fracture.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined soft tissue mass lesions seen in the left iliac fossa measuring about eleven cm in diameter (HU 35). Another fatty mass is seen inferiorly to the spleen and posterior to the left kidney pushing the left kidney anteriorly measuring about thirteen cm in diameter and extending between the spleen and left kidney (HU -25). The findings are consistent with recurrent liposarcoma.Fluid collection is seen posterior, medial and superior to the spleen. (HU 14)The liver and spleen are normal in size and have homogenous echotexture without evidence of focal lesion.Pancreas, adrenal glands and kidneys appear normal.There is no evidence of retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement.Pelvic organs appear normal without evidence of pelvic masses, lymph node enlargement or fluid collections.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT scan of the brain showed scattered calcifications within both cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum.Bilateral cerebral white matter hypodensity denoting leukoencephalopathy with scattered cerebral and cerebellar cysts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non visualised gallbladder with gas densities at gallbladder fossa and proximal biliary tree.A large dense ectopic gall stone is seen at the right iliac fossa within the distal ileum measuring 3.2 x 2.3 cm in diameters with proximal 8 cm ileal segment mural enhancement seen.Subsequent dilatation of the proximal small bowel with multiple air fluid levels seen.The liver is mildly enlarged showing homogeneous low CT texture denoting fatty infiltration. No focal lesions or contour irregularities. Normal appearance of the spleen, pancreas, kidneys (apart from left cortical renal cyst) aorta, I.V.C and both adrenal glands.No pelvic or abdominal lymph node enlargement seen. No ascites.Sliding oesophageal hiatal hernia is noted. Small right inguinal omentum containing hernia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Several gallstones are seen less than 20mm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT reveals splenic vein aneurysm at the level of the splenic hilum. No mural thrombus was seen. Aneurysm was measured 32 x 28 mm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Discontinuity of the left hemi-diaphragm and herniation of the gastric body to the left hemithorax.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Contrast enhanced CT scan of abdomen shows large infraumbilical midline and right paramedian incisional ventral hernia containing right half of transverse colon, ascending colon, caecum, appendix and ileal loops. The defect measures 12.0 x 8.5 cm (transverse x craniocaudal) in maximum dimensions. There is a thick walled diverticulum arising from the anti-mesenteric border of one of the herniated ileal loops in inferomedial portion of the hernial sac measuring 3.0 x 3.1 x 2.4 cm. The diverticulum shows thickened, enhancing walled with mottled intraluminal contents- suggestive of acute ileal diverticulitis.Fistulous communication is seen between the inflamed ileal diverticulum and the skin of adjacent anterior abdominal wall - suggestive of enterocutaneous fistula. Small enterolith is seen in the diverticulum. Uterus is surgically absent.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Delayed CT shows the nidus of malformation with arterial supplying branch and dilated draining vein.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Unilateral cortical atrophy involving left cerebral hemisphere evident by widening of adjacent cerebral sulci and prominence of the left lateral ventricle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large deep right sided acute intracerebral haematoma, with its epicentre in the thalamus. The haemorrhage extends into the intraventricular system.  There is no subarachnoid haemorrhage.There is marked dilatation of the entire ventricular system consistent with hydrocephalus.  Mild midline shift to the left.Mild generalised cerebral volume loss. Moderate periventricular low attenuation in keeping with small vessel change +/- transependymal CSF spread.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: I- AORTIC ARCH:  Normal appearance of the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta with no aneurysmal dilatation, stenotic lesion or intimal dissection. Normal appearance of the aortic arch branches showing average diameters. No arch dissection or aneurysmal dilatation.  II- LEFT UPPER LIMB ARTERIAL AXIS:   Normal appearance of the subclavian, axillary and brachial arteries with no stenotic or occlusive lesions. Patent common interossous, anterior and posterior inter-osseous arteries which could be traced down to the wrist. Patent radial artery which could be traced down to the wrist with patent deep palmar arch and palmar metacarpal digital arteries. Patent ulnar artery which could be traced to the wrist with patent superficial palmar arch and common palmar digital arteries.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Peripherally enhancing tubular pancreatic pseudocyst is seen in the distal body of pancreas, extending superiorly through the esophageal hiatus (to the left of the gastroesophageal junction) with suspicious communication with the left pleural cavity.There is chronic thrombosis of the entire portal vein and splenic vein with multiple periportal and perisplenic venous collaterals.Gross left pleural effusion is noted with thin pleural enhancement. Organised hemorrhagic contents are seen in left posterior CP recess. There is passive collapse of left lower lobe and basal segments of left upper lobe.Mild right pleural effusion is noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Asymmetric enlargement of the left submandibular gland with surrounding fat stranding, oedema and enlarged nodes. A tiny fluid density focus is within the sublingual space, just deep to the mylohyoid and just to the left of the midline.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Contrast-enhanced chest CT scan shows residual contrast agent into the azygos arch.  Tracheobronchial calcifications are noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Tubulocystic dilatation of bronchial tree in the middle lobe and lingular lobes. Bronchial wall thickening. Multifocal patchy air space consolidations in both lungs. Diffuse tree in bud branchings involving both lungs, more predominantly in the lower lobes.Few mediastinal enlarged lymph nodes. Bilateral moderate pleural effusions.Dextrocardia and right-sided aortic arch. Liver positioned in the left side and spleen on the right side (situs inversus).Pulmonary artery dilated measuring 35mm in short axis. Right heart chambers and inferior vena cava are dilated.