Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of double skull layer in the right parietal region with ossified material between the layers.Mild enlargement of subarachnoid spaces anterior to both frontoparietal lobes.The interhemispheric fissure is centered on the midline.Normal gray-white matter differentiation is preserved.The cerebral ventricles are symmetrically arranged. No sign of hydrocephalus.No abnormalities are seen in the basal ganglia and thalami.The brain stem and cerebellum appear normal.The orbital contents are normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Markedly decreased size and near-complete opacification of both maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Symmetrical inward bowing of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinuses bilaterally. Near-complete opacification of both frontal sinuses and ethmoid air cells with rarefaction of ethmoid bony septae. The ostio-meatal units, sphenoethmoidal recesses and frontal outflow tracts are compromised with thickened mucosa and retained secretions.There is mild hyperostosis of the sinus walls of the frontal, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses with simultaneous demineralization of ethmoid bone septae, nasal conchae, uncinate processes and medial wall of both maxillary sinuses. Roomy nasal cavity with thickened mucosal and retained secretions. The nasal septum is wavy with more bowing towards the right side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT confirms the presence of a distal pancreatic duct stone. Duct dilatation and pancreatic parenchymal atrophy again seen. Diffuse pancreatic calcifications are also better demonstrated.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT images demonstrate a linear hyperdense structure in the posterior wall of the antral region, extending to the retrogastric space surrounded by an enhancing inflammatory tissue with fat stranding.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The steps of the biopsy:1. Surface markers to review lesion and plan approach2. Co-axial needle in position before pleural breech (check course remains ideal)3. Co-axial needle position prior to taking the biopsy**  the red arrows indicate the oblique fissure at the site of most appealing place to biopsy - hence this was avoided and the core was taken higher at the apex.4.  Post biopsy pneumothorax check.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Prominent bilateral ureteric jets.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is fusion of the anterior arch of the atlas with clivus and posterior arch with occiput on the right side, identical with complete atlanto-occiptal assimilation on the right side. The posterior arch shows incomplete fusion centrally, failing to form posterior tubercle.This assimilation causes secondary widening of the atlantodental space contralaterally.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Coronal reformatted images show dilated small bowel loops, with few loops in the pelvis showing rounded cystic collections of air both in dependent and non-dependent portions, suggestive of air in the bowel wall (pneumatosis intestinalis).Another sagittal reformatted image in arterial phase shows an irregular hypodense non-enhancing filling defect in the lumen of the thoracic aorta consistent with thrombus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Arterial phase CT scans demonstrate heterogeneous enhancement of the liver, more evident in the right lobe; portal phase images show a normal liver appearance.There is also prominence of the hepatic artery and its intrahepatic branches, as well as early filling of a dilated left hepatic vein.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Short segment intusseception with a mass as a lead point in the jejunum.  No small bowel obstruction.Pathological small bowel mesenteric nodes.Large peritoneal deposit in the midline in the pelvis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT angiogram shows multiple streaks of contrast blush in the vicinity of the left iliopsoas haematoma.Delayed phase shows pooling (increased size of blush) of contrast.Findings consistent with active bleeding from stripping of surrounding small vessels secondary to haematoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of a rectangular shaped CSF containing space between the leaflets of the septum pellucidum (between the anterior horns of lateral ventricles) with posterior extension splaying the fornices laterally representing an incidental cavum septum pellucidum with cavum vergae (cavum septum pellucidum et vergae).There are subtotal opacifications of both maxillary sinuses denoting sinusitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral symmetrical dense calcifications are seen bilaterally within the basal ganglia, corona radiata, centrum semiovale, cerebral peduncles, as well as in the deep white matter of the cerebellum, particularly involving the dentate nuclei.There is also prominence of the of the lateral ventricles with no midline shift. Prominence is also noted of the cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and extra axial CSF spaces. These changes suggest generalised cerebral atrophy.Overall, the plain CT findings are consistent with Fahr syndrome.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The right kidney is decreased in size with a subcapsular fluid collection compressing the renal parenchyma. The left kidney is normal in size with a small subcapsular fluid collection mainly at the posterior aspect of the upper pole (well-visualized on the coronal reconstruction) as well as the presence of small cortical renal cysts.No hydronephrosis or calculi of the urinary tract.Both renal veins are patent.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT scan images showing high density bone deposition within the membranous labyrinth involving the cochlea and semicircular canals on both sides.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse low attenuation in the right occipital lobe in the PCA territory. No hemorrhagic conversion.Gliotic changes in the left occipital lobe in the (L) PCA territory.Bilateral basal ganglia and dentate nucleus calcification.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intraparenchymal haemorrhage at the right posterior fossa measures. Mild surrounding vasogenic oedema. The fourth ventricle is slightly compressed and shifted towards the left. Crowding of the basal cisterns and minimal tonsillar descent of approximately 3 mm is also stable. Grey-white matter differentiation elsewhere is preserved. No new intracranial haemorrhage. Ventricular size is unchanged; temporal horns are slightly prominent bilaterally. Imaged paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear. No calvarial fractures.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined soft tissue density lesion in close relation to the left submandibular gland, which is compressed by the lesion. It shows avid heterogeneous enhancement. It arises from the antro-superior aspect of the related submandibular gland and extends into the sublingual region/space creeping beneath the mylohoid muscle. It effaces and displaces the tongue to the right.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large well-defined mass, measured 74×57×52mm in diameter is located at the right suprarenal region. The mass seems to originate from the right adrenal gland and displaces the right kidney inferiorly. The mean attenuation value of the mass on non-contrast, PVP and delayed post contrast phases are 24HU, 38HU and 46HU, respectively. No local invasion is seen.An 8mm simple cortical cyst is noted in the left kidney.Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left upper lobe consolidation and airspace change.  No cavitation.Paratracheal and pre-aortic lymphadenopathy.Multilevel vertebral body destructive lesions with paravertebral soft tissues masses.Post surgical change at the left side of the neck.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined, low attenuation, non enhancing mass lesion in the right angular extraconal location measuring approximately 1.4 x 2 x 1.8 cm in size. The lesion shows fluid attenuation with small fat attenuating foci. No evidence of any calcification.Both globes appear normal with intact lens location.Normal appearance of optic nerve and muscle cones bilaterally. There is no evidence of retrobulbar abnormality. Optic canal and bony orbits appear normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Huge cystic lesion measured 288×269×186mm in diameters and homogenous internal contents (Mean attenuation value = 20HU) is present at abdomino-pelvic spaces, extends from level of pancreas till lower pelvis . Marked mass effect on adjacent structures are seen. There is no CT-detectable septation, soft tissue component or calcification within the cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The patient's scout demonstrates opacity of the left lower neck, left lung apex and destruction of the left first rib. CT images show a large soft tissue mass involves the apex of the left lung with subsequent destruction of the proximal end of the left 1st and 2nd ribs, the left border of T1 and T2 vertebrae as well as their transverse processes on the left side. There is evidence of extension of the mass into the left T1-T2 and T2-T3 neural exits with subsequent extra-dural components.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Solitary diverticulum on the medial aspect of the caecum just inferior to the ileocaecal valve.The diverticulum is thickening with surrounding inflammatory change. No free fluid or collection.Normal retrocaecal appendix.Normal upper abdomen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CTA confirmed a (Stanford B) dissection. The dissection starts distal to the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk extending to the left common iliac artery. The false lumen extends into the left renal artery, with reduced perfusion, explaining the decreased enhancement of the kidney when compared to the contralateral side. Significant stenosis of the celiac trunk is noted. The SMA is opacified by the true lumen with no significant stenosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 29×27×24 mm mass like lesion with well defined lobulated margins and mean density of 5HU in the left upper lobe, accompanied with internal focal air densities. The mass in its upper portion is in contact with pleura. Mild peripheral patchy linear and nodular opacities area observed at apicoposterior segment of left upper lobe.A 12×18 mm nodule also is present at superior segment of left lower lobe, with mean density of 2HU.In imaged portion of the upper abdomen, post-operative changes of cystectomy and omental packing are seen at lateral aspect of the liver.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thickening of the aortic valve, restrictive VSD and increased diameter of the main pulmonary artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Stranding and gas locules within the soft tissues anteriorly in the midline just below the level of the pelvic brim (at L5) correspond to the site of bullet entry. The bullet has traversed the right rectus muscle obliquely just medial to the right inferior epigastric vessles. The presence of intraperitoneal free gas is consistent with viscus injury, likely hollow viscus with no definite evidence of solid visceral injury. There is also free fluid (perihepatic, tracking along the right paracolic gutter and lateral to the bladder on the right) measuring up to approximately 50HU which is consistent with blood. There is no evidence of active contrast extravasation or pooling to suggest active haemorrhage at this time.The bladder is intact.There is moderate sized right extraperitoneal haematoma surrounding the external iliac artery and vein with involvement of the iliopsoas muscle. The right external iliac vein has a narrow, somewhat irregular calibre, this is likely due to compression from the adjacent haematoma, rather than representing a traumatic injury of this vessel.The bullet has traversed the anterior column of the acetabulum resulting in a comminuted but non-displaced fracture and is lodged within the medial aspect of the right hip joint between the acetabulum and the femoral head. The femoral head appears intact with no evidence of fracture. Tiny osseous fragments within the extraperitoneal soft tissues are likely small fracture components.No acute thoracic or lumbar spine fracture. 2 mm anterolisthesis of L5 on S1 and bilateral pars defects noted. Conclusion  The site of entry is in the midline just below the level of the pelvic brim. The bullet has traversed the right rectus abdominus muscle obliquely and is lodged within the medial right hip joint with an associated comminuted but undisplaced fracture of the anterior column of the acetabulum. Free intraperitoneal gas, intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal haematoma are demonstrated. Suspected hollow viscus injury but no definite evidence of solid visceral injury. Haematoma is demonstrated along the course of the bullet.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 1.5 cm defect in the anterior wall of the gallbladder. Locule of gas in the gallbladder lumen.Pericholecystic fluid and inflammatory change and several locules of free gas in the right upper quadrant. A small volume of fluid tracks along the right paracolic gutter into the pelvis.6 x 2 cm wall enhancing perihepatic collection along the lateral aspect of the liver.Prominent CBD. Small simple hepatic and renal cysts.Right basal consolidation and small pleural effusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Very large heterogeneously enhancing retroperitoneal mass extending from the upper abdomen into the right pelvis displacing the bladder towards the left, filling much of the abdominal cavity. Abdominal aorta and iliac vessels displaced and encased along the leftward aspect of the mass. Obstruction of the right ureter by the mass with delayed right nephrogram. Mild left hydronephrosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 45mm cystic lesion with central calcification is present at pancreatic head and neck.The left kidney shows cross ectopia and located at right pelvis with posteriorly rotated hilum. A 20mm stone (936HU) is observed at left renal pelvis causing mild hydronephrosis.Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-contrast CT of the brain demonstrates a hyperdense right middle cerebral artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large laceration extending through liver segment four and one to the hilum. No opacification of the left portal vein before the confluence with the right portal vein, however, there is early opacification on the arterial phase proximally suggesting a traumatic arteriovenous fistula. Large volume haemoperitoneum with haematocrit effect. Large volume of free fluid in the lesser sac but no free gas.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple fat-density masses in the liver, kidneys, and around the superior mesenteric vessels with prominent vascularity. Multiple sclerotic regions are also seen in the thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, pelvis and femoral neck. These regions do not involve the adjacent soft tissues. Multicystic bilateral basal lung change is also noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Both kidneys contain innumerable predominantly fat density masses. The largest one measured 37×32 mm located at midportion of the right kidney.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT scan 48 hours later demonstrates redistribution of subarachnoid blood, and development of bilateral frontal subdural hygromas.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intraluminal contrast extravasation is seen in the mid to distal third of the transverse colon, with increased pooling of contrast within the distal transverse colon and splenic flexure in the portal venous phase images. Mild circumferential mural thickening and oedema of the mid transverse colon extending to the distal descending colon. No significant mesenteric fat stranding. The fluid-filled sigmoid colon and rectum is mildly distended containing mixed density material, likely representing altered blood. Multiple hyperdense discoid material within the rectum, caecum and stomach likely relating to medication tablets. The remaining large and small bowel are otherwise unremarkable .No intra-abdominal free fluid or pneumoperitoneum. Normal vascular opacification of the major branches of the intra-abdominal vessels.The liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands and kidneys are normal. Intrauterine device in situ. Right ovarian cyst. No lymphadenopathy.Imaged lung bases are clear. Moderate discovertebral degenerative change of the L5-S1. Right femoral head avascular necrosis. IMPRESSION  Active arterial intraluminal haemorrhage within the distal third of the inflamed transverse colon.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dilated oesophagus with food contents, and relatively empty stomach.Right basal inflammatory changes likely due to aspiration.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an ill-defined hypodense mass centred on the right cerebellar hemisphere, with local mass effect, effacement of the sulci of both cerebellar hemispheres and compression of the fourth ventricle. The result is effacement of the posterior fossa cisterns and inferior descent of the cerebellar tonsils.The third and lateral ventricles appear enlarged with moderate periventricular hypodensity.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with volar displacement of the carpal bones. Fractured scaphoid waist. Fractured base of the 3rd and 4th metacarpals.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large ill defined intra-axial space occupying lesion occupying the posterior fossa, centered on the 4th ventricle and inseparable from the brainstem. No significant enhancement on post contrast study. the rest of the 4th ventricle is compressed to the right side and there is supratentorial hydrocephalic changes and right frontal area of encephalomalacia from previous traumatic haemorrhage.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The patient has a tracheostomy. Bilateral chest wall generators are connected to single thin wires which course anteriorly and enter the chest between the costal cartilages. The metallic tips are located in the lateral aspects of the superior mediastinum at the expected location of the phrenic nerves. These represent phrenic nerve stimulators.Some retained secretions are present in the lower trachea.The lungs are clear with no evidence of bronchiectasis or interstitial lung abnormality.There is a moderate scoliosis of the thoracic spine concave to the left centred in the lower thoracic region with a compensatory component concave to the right centred in the cervicothoracic region.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Calcified thrombus at the left MCA bifurcation. No other evidence of acute stroke. Old left superior frontal gyrus encephalomalacia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Encysted fluid seen running anterior to the right round ligament of the uterus directed inferomedially towards the labium majus.Incidentally found small interstitial fibroid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Fusiform aneurysmal dilatation of the infrarenal aorta measuring about 7x6 cm in its maximum axial diameters and extends for about 13 cm in length. A mural crescentic thrombus is seen with a linear contrast streak seen extending from the lumen into the mural thrombus indicative of thrombus fissuration.Mural calcifications are noted.Other findings: left renal stone, right renal simple cyst, dorsolumbar spondylodegenerative changes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse marrow edema with end plate erosions and mild compression of inferior end plate of L5/S1. The intervertebral disc space is grossly reduced with secondary loss of internal architecture and signal abnormality. Large volume collection with enhancing walls noted to involve the entire left ilio-psoas major muscle. This collection is seen to breach its ipsilateral quadratus lumborum and anterior / middle lumbo-dorsal fascia to extend into the subcutaneous plane. Collection also enters into the prevertebral space from L5 to S2 level.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral symmetrical hypodensity in both basal ganglia (putamen), caudate nuclei, and ventrolateral thalami, Also noted hypodensity in midbrain, periaqueductal, posterior pons. There is a small calcification at the wall of the left lateral ventricle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Ascending aortic aneurysm, measuring 5.6 cm anteroposterior, with acute type A aortic dissection. Dissection flap extends from from the aortic valve leaflets to the infrarenal abdominal aorta, with note that the caudal extent is not fully imaged. Right coronary artery arises from the false lumen. Dissection extends into the origin of the left main coronary artery, with patent flow from the true lumen. Small focal rupture/pseudoaneurysm of the false lumen in the anteromedial wall of the ascending aorta resulting in moderate mediastinal hematoma (see annotated images). It is unclear if this is related to a site of aortic cannulation given the median sternotomy. Small amount of intramural hematoma along the medial ascending aorta on the noncontrast images. No pericardial effusion/hemopericardium is present. Dissection flap extends slightly into origin of brachiocephalic artery. Majority of the left kidney is nonehancing/infarcted due to extension of the dissection flap into the left renal artery. The right renal artery arises from the true lumen. The SMA arises from the celiac artery, both supplied by the true lumen. IMA also is supplied by the true lumen. The dissection flap extends inferiorly into the lower abdomen and pelvis, which are not completely imaged.IMPRESSION:1. Ascending aortic aneurysm, type A dissection, and focal rupture of the false lumen, resulting in moderate mediastinal hematoma. The dissection extends to the origin of the coronary arteries, with the right coronary artery supplied by the false lumen and the left main coronary artery supplied by the true lumen. No hemopericardium.2. The dissection flap extends through the entire visualized aorta (ascending, arch, and descending) into the lower abdomen beyond the field-of-view. The dissection flap occludes the left renal artery, with infarction of the majority of the left kidney.3. The right renal artery, combined origin of the celiac artery/SMA, and IMA arise from the true lumen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The entire pancreas is contained within a large elongated multiloculated fluid collection with an average density of 10 HU, that extends from the splenic hilum, across the lesser sac into the paracolic gutters bilaterally.No loss of enhancement of the pancreatic parenchyma to suggest necrosis.The liver, gallbladder, spleen, adrenals, and kidneys have a normal appearance.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple intra-axial enhancing space-occupying lesions the largest seen in left parietooccipital lobe surrounded with vasogenic oedema and the smaller one is noted at right occipital lobe with no significant surrounding oedema suggestive of brain metastasis.Another large lobulated outline and enhancing lesion seen mostly intraventricularly of the left lateral ventricle, resting on the left side of the septum pellucidum suggestive of intraventricular metastasis rather than primary lesion as central neurocytoma. Enlarged and enhanced upper portion of the pituitary stalk in the suprasellar region could be having metastasis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Developmental hypoplasia of the posterior arch of L5 associated with bilateral pars defect of L5, with resulting grade I anterolisthesis of L5 over S1. Spina bifida occulta of L5 and sacrum is present.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The high flow arteriovenous malformation with central thrombosed aneurysm (non-enhancing post-contrast). Multiple enlarged vascular channels and enlarged thyrocervical trunk (the feeding artery).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Aneurysm of the splenomesenteric venous confluence (max 4.2 cm). There is no significant compression of the main bile duct or duodenum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left sided acute intracerebral haematoma, with its epicentre in the basal ganglia/external capsule. The haemorrhage extends into the intraventricular system.  There is no subarachnoid haemorrhage.There is no hydrocephalus or significant mass effect relating to the haematoma.Mild generalised cerebral volume loss. Mild periventricular low attenuation in keeping with small vessel change. There are a couple of chronic lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small left pneumothorax. Bilateral dependent atelectasis. No haemothorax. Heart and mediastinal structures are normal.Bone injuries:  comminuted fracture of the mid and distal left clavicle  comminuted fracture of the left scapular body, neck and glenoid process  undisplaced fractures of left ribs 2-7 anteriorly fractures of left ribs 2-9 posteriorly, some of which are displaced therefore flail segment 2-7


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right hepatic lobe focal lesion with a homogenous wash-in of contrast on arterial phase with wash out on delayed phase. It measures 32 x 35 mm in the maximum axial dimensions.Liver cirrhosis with enlarged spleen. Mild ascites.Dilated caliber of the portal vein with hypodense thrombus nearly filling its lumen down to the level of the superior mesenteric vein.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial CT, VRT images show a tortuous vessel arising from the right coronary artery, which passes anterior to the pulmonary artery and forms a network before it enters the main pulmonary artery. Findings are consistent with a coronary artery fistula (CAF).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The non-contrast study demonstrates a large volume of intraventricular haemorrhage and marked ventricular enlargement even allowing for the patient's age. Intraventricular haemorrhage is seen in all the ventricles and extends into the sylvian fissures and basal cisterns. There is sulcal effacement particularly inferiorly with early loss of normal grey-white matter differentiation. No cerebellar tonsillar herniation.A slightly hyperdense suprasellar mass measures ~3cm which is likely a giant aneurysm of the anterior circulation and the cause for the intraventricular haemorrhage. Conclusion Large volume intraventricular haemorrhage with hydrocephalus. The haemorrhage is likely secondary to a ruptured giant anterior circulation aneurysm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Compression of the third portion of the duodenum at the midline between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, resulting in proximal dilatation of the duodenum and stomach.Aorto-mesentric angle = 15 degreesAorto-mesentric distance = 4.5 mm


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Massive expansion of the right middle turbinate which is mucus filled. Associated contralateral deviation of the nasal septum is noted. The paranasal sinuses are well pneumatised with no mucosal wall thickening.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is marked dilation of the stomach, small bowel and large bowel with air-fluid levels. The transition point is at the rectosigmoid junction, where there is a shouldered apple core stenosing lesion.There is a small volume of free fluid in the pelvis. No mural or portal venous gas.Bilateral inguinal hernias contain fat and free fluid on the left, and fat and the anti-mesenteric border of a short segment of sigmoid colon on the right. Moderate hiatus hernia. Right adrenal nodule.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Subtle right maxillary sinus posterior wall fracture with a small amount of gas outside the sinus and small volume haemosinus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Symmetrical diffuse thickening of the pylorus extending into the duodenum to the D1-D2 junction.The stomach is distended down to the pylorus in keeping with a degree of gastric outlet obstruction.No locoregional lymphadenopathy.Small splenic lesion, likely a cyst.No peritoneal nodules.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined sac-like structure with air-fluid level communicating with the gastric fundus, filled with iodinated oral contrast on CT.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Study performed without intravenous contrast due to acutely impaired renal function.Small bowel obstruction is present, secondary to entrapment in an anterior abdominal wall hernia. The hernia neck and sac are small, and located just to the right of the midline, just above the level of the right superior pubic ramus. No free gas.Incidental findings of indeterminate lesion arising from lower pole of right kidney and a cystic lesion in the pancreatic head/neck.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The gallbladder is distended and contains innumerable stones. Soft tissue mass lesion at the gallbladder funds, with slight irregularity of the involved wall but no gross extramural extension.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Dual-lead left pectoral cardiac pacing device in situ. Leads positioned in the right atrium and right ventricle. The right atrial lead tip extends anteriorly tenting the atrial wall and possibly through it. The leads and tips are intact.Moderate to large volume pericardial effusion overlying the right atrium with density of 15 HU. Four-chamber cardiomegaly, particularly the right heart chambers. Ectatic ascending aorta. Stable dilation of the main pulmonary trunk. No pulmonary embolus on non-dedicated imaging.Interval decrease in size of the small bilateral pleural effusions. Associated atelectasis of the lower lobes.No axillary, mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy.Multilevel thoracic vertebral body haemangiomas. Slight wedging of the T12 vertebral body, with superior endplate Schmorl's node. No acute bony abnormality.Imaged upper abdominal viscera are unremarkable on this non-dedicated study. IMPRESSION The right atrial pacing lead is positioned anteriorly in the right atrium, either tenting the anterior wall or perforating it. Pacing leads and tips are intact. Moderate to large volume pericardial effusion.Interval decrease in size of the bilateral pleural effusions and associated collapse of the lower lobes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Sigmoid part of colon is redundant, with multiple transmural lesions, hypodense fatty in consistency, with enhancing fine internal septa, thickened enhanced wall, encroaching upon colonic lumen with no proximal obstruction.Multiple small outpouchings in colon, in sigmoid, air-filled, likely diverticulosis.Preserved pericolic fat.Mild hepatomegaly with periportal hypodensity edema, prominent extrahepatic biliary tree.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT of the chest demonstrates absence of the right pulmonary artery. Right hemithorax is smaller than left one. Right pleural effusion with compression with compressive atelectasis of middle and lower lobe.Numerous mediastinal lymph nodes noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bile duct dilatation without visible obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple well defined variable sizes and shape calcified lesions are seen within subcutaneous region of the scalp.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There are extensive multiloculated cystic lesions involving the lung, liver, spleen, and peritoneum. Each cyst contains peripheral small cysts. This is typical for daughter vesicles within the mother cyst. Some of these cysts show rim calcification.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An extensive intra-abdominal mass lesions, which diffusely infiltrate the liver, appearing as multiple hypodense areas in comparison to liver parenchyma. They show peripheral postcontrast enhancement on arterial and gradual filling in on venous phase.IVC can't be visualised.Retroperitoneum can't be differentiated from the lesion.Kidneys and spleen are displaced posteriorly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The left common iliac vein is compressed against the vertebral body by the overlying right CIA.The left common iliac vein  is smaller than usual as it travels beyond the compression point due to chronic compression.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT cerebral angiogram demonstrates early filling of the right cavernous sinus with associated enlargement of both the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins compatible with the diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistula. The raised venous pressure is transmitted to the ipsilateral angular vein which interestingly drains through a transnasal branch to the contralateral enlarged left angular and facial veins.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The M2-M3 segment of the left middle cerebral artery in the distal Sylvian fissure is hyperdense. It has a bright 'dot-like' like appearance on the axial images.Little, if any, abnormality of distal brain parenchyma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Enlarged liver with heterogeneous enhancement pattern on the portal venous phase. Note bilateral pleural effusions, distended hepatic veins and IVC, reflux of contrast from the right heart on the arterial phase entering the IVC and hepatic veins (a sign of right heart strain) and ascites.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Anteromedial aspect of the right hemidiaphragm is elevated and has an abnormal contour. There is sharp border between the eventrated portion and the remainder of the hemidiaphragm.No pathology is seen in the supra and infra-diaphragmatic regions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Volumetric CT abdomen and pelvis, with oral but not IV contrast (due to renal impairment).There is dilatation small bowel up to 40 mm in diameter proximal to a transition point in the right iliac fossa, where a short segment of ileum enters a Spigelian hernia with a neck measuring 27 mm axially. The distal ileum and large bowel are collapsed. No peritoneal free gas or free fluid.Geographic low attenuation in the liver adjacent to the porta hepatis is most likely focal fatty infiltration. Porcelain gallbladder noted. Two left adrenal gland nodules are stable. No gross abnormality of the pancreas, spleen, kidneys or right adrenal within the limits of the non-contrast technique. No intra-abdominal lymph node enlargement. A spiculated mass in the right lower lobe has significantly decreased in size since the previous CT, from 35 x 36 mm to 21 x 12 mm. Small nodules have developed in the right middle lobe and are likely infective in nature. Cardiomegaly is noted.No suspicious bone lesions. Degenerative changes are noted in the lumbar spine. Conclusion: Ileal obstruction due to a Spigelian hernia in the right iliac fossa. Porcelian gallbladder. Significant decrease in size of the right lower lobe mass since the previous CT, presumably reflecting treatment. Small nodules in the right middle lobe, likely infective in nature.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive right-sided encephalomalacia/gliosis in keeping with a history of right MCA territory infarct. Hypodensity within the right internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, midbrain and pons in keeping with Wallerian degeneration. Mild ex-vacuo dilatation of the right lateral ventricle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pneumoperitoneum. Mid abdominal air and fluid collection. Medium ascites. Numerous smaller locules of air and fluid in the left upper quadrant. Some thickening of the jejunum in this location.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large left sided intracerebral haematoma. It involves deep (basal ganglia, midbrain) and frontal lobar white matter. The haemorrhage extends into the intraventricular space.There is significant mass effect relating to the haematoma causing midline shift, compression of the third ventricle and lateral ventricles, and partial effacement of ipsilateral cortical sulci. The temporal horns of the lateral ventricles are dilated in keeping with hydrocephalus.Severe periventicular low attenation in keeping with small vessel disease +/- transependymal CSF spread.  Moderate cortical atrophy evident near vertex.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Markedly distended gallbladder, which presents partial hyperemia with inflammatory changes of adjacent adipose tissue. The caudal aspect of the gallbladder does not exhibit enhancement using intravenous contrast , compatible with partial necrosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A study of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast was performed for the evaluation of bilateral renal lithiasis. It found right ureterolithiasis and bilateral direct inguinal hernia, seen to be medial to the epigastric vessels. The left-sided hernia contains the wall of the urinary bladder, with a small stone in the bladder in the hernia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a transmesenteric internal hernia.The ascending colon and caecum have herniated through a transmesenteric defect into the left iliac fossa.The hernial orifice is situated immediately anterior to the aortic bifurcation.The caecum is displacing the fourth part of the duodenum superiorly.The small bowel is situated anterior to the caecum, in the left iliac fossa.There is no fluid within the hernial sac to suggest incarceration or strangulation and there is no small or large bowel dilatation.The SMV is enhancing normally.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Retrocrural, retroperitoneal, bilateral iliac and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Iliac and inguinal lymphadenopathy is pronounced on the right.Several hypodense hepatic foci, too small to characterize.The gallbladder has been removed.Angiomyolipoma in right kidney measuring 18 x 42 x 25 mm, protruding towards the liver.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral poorly circumscribed heterogeneous soft-tissue attenuation (density about 52 HU) seen in an infrascapular region deep to the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi without significant enhancement or calcification.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple discrete intraparenchymal subcortical hemorrhagic foci are demonstrated. Two lesions lie in the right frontal lobe and measure 11x26mm in diameter. An 18mm lesion lies in the right parietal lobe, a 3mm lesion lies in the left occipital lobe, and a tiny focus lies in the left frontal lobe. Assessment of enhancement is difficult given the intrinsic hyperdensity of these lesions, however, there appears to be enhancement of the left frontal lesion and probably the larger of the right frontal lesions. Moderate vasogenic oedema surrounds each foci.Findings are highly suspicious for hemorrhagic metastatic disease. In patients of this age, melanoma would represent the most common primary. Hemorrhagic metastases related to atrial myxoma are extremely rare, but have been reported.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right Zuckerkandl tubercle, a normal thyroid variant.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass with large central area of necrosis and foci of calcification seen at right suprarenal space measuring about 8.5 x 9.5 cm in maximal axial dimensions.The mass seen pushing the right kidney inferiorly with suspicious invasion of its upper pole.It also exerts mass effect at the posterior aspect of the right hepatic lobe as well as the IVC with no definite invasion.Patent right renal vessels with no evidence of thrombosis.There are multiple enhancing soft tissue nodules seen at the posterior right perinephric space with mild surrounding fat stranding suggestive of the infiltration by the mass.There are few prominent pericaval and right common iliac lymph nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial CT demonstrates soft tissue thickening of the GB neck. This encases the common hepatic artery. This is causing biliary obstruction at the level of the CHD and there is resultant intrahepatic biliary tree dilatation. The GB fundus is dilated. There are a few gallstones.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pre and post-contrast images of a CT guided left C6-7 TFESI.  Best appreciate on the non-contrast images, an uncovertebral osteophyte causes moderate narrowing of the left C6-7 foramen.Contrast is shown to extend through the targeted left C6-7 foramen and into the epidural space.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Rather well circumscribed rounded shaped soft tissue mass is seen at the left pre-renal retroperitoneal space showing heterogeneous CT architecture of dominant fat density (-45 HU), soft tissue strands and tumoral vessels seen traversing to the renal parenchyma. It is seen abutting the anterior aspect of the right kidney with an anterior renal parenchyma cortical defect is seen continuous with the mass. No internal discrete enhancing nodules were seen. It measures 6.8 x 7.8 x 8.3 cm in maximal axial and craniocaudal dimensions. The feeder artery of the mass is seen originating from the left renal artery.Other much smaller three fat density nodules are seen within the right renal cortex, the largest measuring 9 mm in diameter and reading a mean attenuation -40 HU. No renal back pressure changes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The previously identified enlarged gastrocolic nodules remain unchanged with the largest measuring 20 mm in diameter. Portocaval lymph node and several mesenteric lymph nodes are visible, but not definitely enlarged according to size criteria.Hypodense lesion in the posterior aspect of the pancreatic head measures 13 mm, has a density of HU 19, without significant mass effect on adjacent structures. Trace calcification in its wall on the right. The pancreatic duct and common bile ducts are not dilated. No pancreatic duct calcification. The liver, spleen, adrenals large and small bowel appear unremarkable. Oral contrast is seen in the lumen of the ileum, ascending and transverse colon; no abnormal bowel wall thickening or stenoses identified. The stomach also appears unremarkable. No free intra-abdominal fluid or gas. Minor bilateral cortical renal scarring. Previous cholecystectomy clips noted. Small bilateral fat containing indirect inguinal hernias. Large left pleural effusion as seen on previous chest CT, and adjacent left lower lobe atelectasis has worsened. No suspicious osseous lesions; mild lumbar spine degenerative disc disease.Conclusion:1. Several enlarged gastrocolic nodules may represent metastatic deposits. A primary lesion is not definitely identified on today's CT. The hypodense lesion in the pancreatic head may represent a pancreatic cyst or cystic neoplasm. Further investigation with MRI would help to characterise this lesion if clinically indicated.2. Unilateral left pleural effusion and worsening left lower lobe atelectasis is also concerning for malignancy.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Plain and contrast-enhanced images of upper abdomen show absent pancreatic neck, body and tail with normal appearing patent splenic vein. Only head and uncinate process of pancreas are seen, which appear normal. These features are consistent with complete agenesis of dorsal pancreas.No parenchymal calcifications or ductal dilatation is seen to suggest chronic pancreatitis. Geographical areas of fatty infiltration of right lobe of liver noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large well-defined extra-pulmonary subcarinal non-enhancing cystic mass having an average density of 28 HU (likely due to the proteinaceous contents). Non–calcified Thin imperceptible walls Splaying of the carina and mass effect over the main bronchus.  These radiological features are suggestive of a bronchogenic cyst.  Imaging differential diagnoses include esophageal duplication cyst, and pericardial cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Gross distension of the rectum, sigmoid and distal descending colon due to faecal material, in the setting of long-standing colonic dilatation. Gaseous distension of the small bowel. The rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon are grossly distended with low density faecal material. The rectum measures 8.5 cm in transverse dimension. Nasogastric tube in situ, the tip within the stomach. Abnormal location of the duodenum which curves to the right side of the abdomen rather than crossing the midline. Gaseous distension of the centrally located bowel loops, likely small bowel. Small bowel is difficult to assess further.Abnormal location of the duodenum with possible congenital midgut malrotation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Contrast-enhanced abdomino-pelvic CT scan in the portovenous phase shows a lack of enhancement of hepatic veins, filling defects in the IVC and ascites. There is a reduced and heterogeneous enhancement of liver parenchyma with sparing of the caudate lobe.  This finding is seen due to separate venous drainage of this liver segment.Splenomegaly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The images demonstrate the distribution of calcium crystals in cartilage, ligaments and joint capsule in axial, sagittal and coronal views of the knee.Degenerative changes as marginal and patellofemoral osteophyte formation.Subchondral cystic changes are seen at the mid to lateral facet joints of the patella and medial tibia plateau.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 77 x 62 mm thin walled cyst without enhancing solid component or calcification is present in spleen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial non-contrast CT images of pelvis show cystic dilatation of appendix with focal wall calcifications. No wall thickening or periappendiceal inflammatory changes are seen. No significant pelvic lymphadenopathy.These features are consistent with a mucocele of appendix.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a thickened loop of jejunum with a moderate degree of fat stranding affecting the associated mesentery. Small outpouchings are demonstrated arising from the mesenteric border of the jejunum, compatible with small bowel diverticulosis. Several of these are centred in the region of fat stranding. Two gas locules are on the space from the adjacent small bowel. While the larger of these could still represent a diverticulum with intervening wall thickening, the smaller locule is favoured to represent extraluminal gas.Incidental findings include colonic diverticulosis, cortical scarring in the upper pole of the right kidney, small hiatus hernia and atelectasis at the lung bases.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 3.4 cm smooth walled heterogeneous mass within the left T2 paravertebral space. No internal calcification. No bony erosion or hyperostosis.The mass lies immediately posterior to the origin of the left subclavian artery.The remainder of the thoracic cavity is normal in appearance.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Caudal to the inferior vena cava filter, the IVC, iliac veins, common iliac veins, and visualized femoral are enlarged and do not opacify with contrast. There is subtle pericaval and perivenous stranding and haziness. There is subcutaneous edema in the thighs. There is engorgement of the epidural venous plexus on the sagittal images (particularly L5 and sacrum), indicated collateral flow. There is also left hepatic lobe atrophy and diminutive size of the left portal vein. In this thrombogenic patient, this is suggestive of prior portal vein thrombosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Complete transection of head of pancreas with identified as a hypodense area transecting the pancreatic parenchyma. A well defined pseudo walled peripancreatic (lesser sac) low density fluid collection is seen communicating at multiple points with the main pancreatic duct suggestive of multiple post traumatic fistulas.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Enlarged uterus measuring about 13 x 12 x 10 cm with distended uterine cavity containing hypodense contents showing mild peripheral enhancement. A small focal bulge is seen along the antero-superior aspect of the uterus which is inseparable from the adjacent small bowel loops. A few small gas foci are seen in the uterine cavity which are suspicious of fistulous tract formation between the uterus and adjacent bowel. No  CT evidence of urinary bladder or colonic invasion is seen. Adjacent to the uterus, there is mesenteric fat stranding, peritoneal soft tissue nodules and mild ascites adjacent to the uterus suggestive of peritoneal infiltration of disease. No significant lymphadenopathy or evidence of distant metastases (visceral, osseous or pulmonary) is seen. Two small para umbilical hernias (with one of them containing bowel loop), small hepatic cyst in segment VIII, vascular calcifications in the spleen, relatively smaller right kidney with irregular cortical outlines and bilateral renal cortical cysts. Diffuse osteopenia in the scanned skeleton and compression fracture of D9.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The aortic valve exhibits four equal-sized cusps (one right coronary cusp, one left coronary cusp and two non-coronary cusps) and calcifications.Calcifications are also seen along the aorta and coronary arteries reflective of atherosclerotic disease. There is cardiomegaly with dilated left ventricle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderate ascites are noted in the peritoneal cavity as well as sentinel clot around the spleen. The shattered spleen and few foci of active arterial bleeding are seen as the source of hemoperitoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral bony fusion at the proximal third of the radius and ulna of 6.5 cm length. Hypoplastic with posterior dislocation of the radial head.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of sub-total colectomy and anastomosis of the ileum with the remaining sigmoid is seen. The amount of free intraperitoneal air is more than expected for the 5th post-op day. Few extra-luminal air bubbles are visible lateral to the sigmoid stump as well as omental fat stranding at mid-abdomen and moderate ascites. The surgical drain did not pass through the ascites. Considering the amount of free air, omental haziness, and extra-luminal air bubbles beside the stapler line probability of anastomosis leak was proposed.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Both kidneys are markedly enlarged with renal cortical tissue almost completely replaced and diffusely expanded by lower density soft tissue.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Single CTA image demonstrates a cluster of dilated serpiginous vessels in the left lung base. Other images in the series demonstrated connection between the pulmonary artery and vein, consistent with a congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral basal atelectasis and small effusions, possibly fromaspiration.Gallstones.Moderate dilatation of a substantial number of small bowel loops withintramural gas strongly suggesting ischaemia.No proximal SMA occlusion.Intrahepatic gas with some features atypical for biliary gas since itmay be in the portal veins even though none of the branching airstructures can be linked to the contrast filled portal veins.