Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Acute angle kyphosis at C7/T1 with small anterior superior vertebral body corner fracture of T1 and 5mm anterolisthesis of C7 on T1. Perched left C7/T1 facet with C7 inferior articular process fracture. The right C7/T1 facet joint is narrowed but normally aligned. There is widening of the C7/T1 interspinous space and therefore likely rupture of the interspinous, supraspinous ligaments and ligamentum flavum. The extensive artefact through the spinal canal at this level makes assessment of the canal, cord and any potential epidural haematoma difficult. The vertebral canal however demonstrates a minimum AP diameter of 12 mm at this level which is not narrowed. Oedema and fluid between the posterior neck muscles at and above this level. Extensive left paraspinal gas is demonstrated. No other fracture or soft tissue abnormality is identified involving the cervical spine.Small right PTX, ICC noted. Conclusion  5mm anterolisthesis of C7 on T1 and perched left C7/T1 facet and C7 inferior articular process fracture. Minor compression fracture of T1. Likely rupture of the interspinous, supraspinous ligaments and ligamentum flavum - MRI recommended. Small right PTX, ICC noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Well defined hyper-dense posterior fossa mass with small areas of hypodensities surrounded by minimal oedema.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Post-contrast CT abdomen shows bilateral large adrenal masses, larger on the left side, which extend to cross the midline. Both lesions show inhomogeneous post-contrast enhancement and mildly displace the surrounding solid organs with no invasion. There are multiple discrete retroperitoneal enlarged lymph nodes.Dense urinary bladder stone.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT scan demonstrates: moderate ascites smooth and nodular thickening with the enhancement of the peritoneal reflections omental stranding with nodular thickening diffuse serosal thickening with enhancement of the small bowel. enlarged mesenteric hypodense lymph nodes intramesenteric collection (3.7 x 3.5 x 3 cm) with peripheral enhancement mild right-sided pleural effusion (no parenchymal lesion seen on lung window- not shown) appendicolith (incidental finding)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT CHESTMultiple small nodules throughout both lungs, the largest 4mm.Extensive lymphadenopathy at multiple mediastinal nodal stations, the largest 2.1cm in the AP window.  Small left supraclavicular nodes.CT ABDOMENInnumerable liver metastases.Extensive para-aortic and portacaval lymphadenopathy upto 2.5cm.The remainder of the solid organs are normal.Short segment of apparent thickening of the proximal transervse colon just distal to the hepatic flexure.No focal bone lesions.Comment: Diffuse metastatic diseaseThe only potential primary may be colonic.  Endoscopy recommended. NB.  Both the 1mm and 5mm CT Abdomen stacks after provided to demonstrate that the 'thinner' data may be of some value in identifying more sutble colonic pathology.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Normal three-vessel origin from the aortic arch.A 9 mm saccular pseudoaneurysm arises from the right lateral aspect of the superior cervical segment of the right ICA, approximately 15 mm below the base of skull and the neck measures 6 mm. The right ICA demonstrates normal calibre and contrast opacification, both proximal and distal to the pseudoaneurysm. The remaining major arteries of the neck are normal. No further aneurysms.Fluid attenuation material surrounds the right ICA pseudoaneurysm in the superior aspect of the right carotid space, without an enhancing wall (arterial phase study). Adjacent fat stranding and oedema within the right parapharyngeal fat space. Mild positive mass effect within the right suprahyoid neck. Retropharyngeal phlegmon is also noted, extending inferiorly to the C5/C6 level. The right pyriform fossa is partially effaced. The right palatine tonsil is slightly hypoattenuating compared to the left tonsil. The right IJV is effaced. Mild asymmetric enlargement of the right submandibular gland.Lymphadenopathy within the right neck, measuring up to 14 mm short axis (right level IIa). The lung apices are clear. No destructive osseous lesion. IMPRESSION  Pseudoaneurysm arising from the right lateral aspect of the superior cervical segment of the right ICA. Diffuse inflammatory changes within the right neck, with no walled-off collection. Edema and phlegmon surrounding the right ICA pseudoaneurysm in the superior carotid space without a discrete fluid collection. US of the jugular veins is suggested if the exclusion of thrombosis is needed.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Selected follow up CT images demonstrating continued progression of the optic chiasm mass with further cranial extension, obstruction the foramina of Monro with a transependymal CSF migration in spite of presence of a right transparietal VP shunt.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral hypodense collections with peripheral enhancement in the peritonsillar spaces. The tonsils are anteriomedially displaced. Severe oropharyngeal obstruction.Right lateral retropharyngeal and level IIA reactive nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left renal laceration appearing as linear opacification defect predominantly involving the lower pole separating the kidney into two parts and not involving the hilum. A large perinephric haematoma surrounds the kidney. On the delayed scans there is no excretion of the lacerated lower pole, while the remaining kidney showing persistent nephrogram with no definite excretion into the renal pelvis.On the portal venous phase, there is a large rounded density (similar to the artery/vein) density at the mid pole anteriorly near the hilum, most consistent with a pseudoaneurysm.Normal right kidney.Small splenic laceration < 3 cm with subcapsular hematoma < 50%.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: No solid organ injury evident. Small subcapsular triangular region of reduced hepatic attenuation adjacent to the falciform ligament represents focal fatty infiltration. No intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal haemorrhage. The bowel and mesentery have a normal appearance. Major vessels are normal. Menstrual cup noted within the upper vagina.The lung bases are clear. No lower rib fracture. Bony pelvis is intact. Hip joints are normal. No acute malalignment. Mild scoliosis with the apex at L3 convex to the left. No fracture evident. Disc spaces are preserved.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Three metallic foreign bodies (nails) in the anterior chest wall along the left sternal edge penetrate into the pericardial space. Associated pericardial effusion (blood). Anterior mediastinal stranding and haemorrhage.Large left lung masses, enlarged lymph nodes and subcut nodules in keeping with metastatic melanoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Contrast-enhanced CT shows a right pelvic kidney and a left kidney in normal position. The right renal artery arises from the distal aorta just proximal to the bifurcation with early branching. Two renal veins drain the kidney into the left common iliac vein and directly into the inferior vena cava, respectively. Ureteral drainage into the bladder is normal bilaterally.An exophytic area of fatty change at the left inferior kidney corresponds to a remote ablation site.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Gas-containing walled-off collection in the small bowel mesentery. Adjacent are inflamed jejunal diverticula. Uncomplicated colonic diverticular disease is also noted. Cholecystectomy with expected biliary tree dilatation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: In the distal part of the left ureter, a 5-6 mm calculus is present. The ureter and collecting system proximal to the calculus is somewhat ectatic compared to the right side, but there is no marked widening of the ureter, nor is there any hydronephrosis. However, there is stranding of the perirenal fat and findings consistent with small perirenal fluid collections. This raised the suspicion of a rupture of the renal pelvis (urinoma). The patient was therefore called back from the ward for a repeated exam to evaluate if there was any leakage of excreted contrast.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Gross dilatation of the right pelvicalyceal system with the transition point at the level of the pelviureteric junction. Right ureter is not dilated. There is no evidence of an obstructing calculus at the PUJ, though two intrarenal non obstructing stones are noted within the right lower pole calyces. There is right renal cortical thinning and a global decrease in enhancement of the right renal parenchyma compared to the left.Two uterine horns are noted with only a small (approximately 5mm) dip of the serosal fundal contour - confirming septate uterine morphology. Incidental right gluteus minimus lipoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Rounded hypodense structure (18 HU) at the level of T4 immediately abutting the right aspect of the oesophagus and posterior aspect of the trachea is favoured to represent a duplication cyst.No acute injury detected.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Injection of a small amount of iodinated contrast through a 25-gauge Quincke needle extends through the right C6-C7 foramen with epidural extension.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Normal caliber proximal small bowel with a gradation of oral contrast mixing with unopacified contents in the left lower abdomen, into a long segment of thick-walled small bowel with mesenteric edema. This transitions into a narrowed segment in the right lower quadrant leading into an enteroenteric anastomosis, which then transitions into a decompressed clustered segment that partially volvulizes but is not thickened. This exits the closed loop along the same plane as the proximal transition point into the terminal ileum. Small ascites, IUD, IVC filter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An 81 x 46 mm mass-like lesion, containing air foci and a curvilinear metallic density structure, is observed between the inferior border of the right liver lobe and hepatic flexure of the colon. Surrounding fat stranding is seen.There are also multiple small metallic foreign bodies with at the lateral border of the right liver lobe as well as the adjacent chest wall.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Acute comminuted fracture of the fibular (lateral) sesamoid of the hallux with at least five separate fragments. Tibial (medial) sesamoid of the hallux remains intact.Acute comminuted fracture of the medial cuneiform including an avulsion fracture of the plantar aspect of the medial cuneiform (insertion site of the plantar Lisfranc ligament)Very mildly displaced avulsion fracture of the plantar aspect of the lateral cuneiform (insertion site of the plantar Lisfranc ligament).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Previous non contrast KUB showed no renal tract stones.7 cm mass in the left sided moiety of a horseshoe kidney. The renal collecting system is distorted/poorly delineated. Tumour thrombus in a branch of the left renal vein draining the tumoural region. No solid organ metastases.No infradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy. No bone metastases.Clot in the urinary bladder. Moderate prostatomegaly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-contrast CT demonstrates increased density within the deep cerebral veins bilaterally. There is also noticeable hypoattenuation of the bilateral thalami and basal ganglia related to edema.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An 80 × 70 × 65 mm partially exophytic cystic lesion is present at the lateral aspect of the left kidney which shows enhancing solid component and several small foci of calcifications (Bosniak category IV). There is no sign of local invasion to adjacent structures and no regional lymphadenopathy. Mild degenerative changes as osteophytes are seen at the lumbar spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diaphyseal and metaphyseal anomalies.Bone marrow replacement, endosteal patchy lytic resorption and periosteal reaction (single-layer, but irregular). Swelling of adjacent tissue.Bone surgical biopsy left a hiatus in the cortical bone, on the medial side of the diaphysis.Productive and lytic changes, hence due to a chronic inflammatory process, with bone marrow replacement by a non-osteogenic non-cartilaginous matrix.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The liver has a heterogeneous enhancement pattern; the hepatic veins are not opacified. Portal veins are patent. Periportal oedema and fat stranding. Gallbladder wall is mildly thickened.Horseshoe kidney. Spleen, adrenal glands and pancreas are normal.Sigmoid diverticular disease without evidence of diverticulitis. Normal appendix. Small bowel is unremarkable. No free gas. Pelvic and right paracolic gutter free fluid. Left fat-containing inguinal hernia.Moderate sized bilateral pleural effusions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: In the right middle lobe a large cystic mass is present with marked mass effect and contralateral hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT neck post contrast demonstrates: cystic lesion with rim enhancement and internal septations in the left suprahyoid neck transpatial lesion involving the left parotid, submandibular and visceral spaces internally there are some hyperdense and enhancing material inflammatory fat stranding in the adjacent tissues enlarged lymph nodes in the left cervical chain no bony abnormality lung apices clear The imaging appearance favours an infected lymphatic malformation. A reasonable differential diagnosis includes a first branchial cleft cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Saccular aortic aneurysm arising from the abdominal aorta near the bifurcation.A large retroperitoneal haematoma at the left side of the pelvic sidewall extending to the left paracolic gutter.  The haematoma demonstrates a fluid-fluid level with adjacent fat stranding. Hyperdense fluid is present in the perihepatic space in keeping with some intraperitoneal haemorrhage.  Other findings :The right kidney is mildly atrophic, the left is markedly atrophic with mild left hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Left adrenal gland demonstrates a nodule.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of small bowel obstruction with a transition point at the mid-ileum. On scrutinized review, a dense linear intra-luminal foreign body is seen within the dilated ileal loop in the RLQ, proximal to the transition point. The foreign body penetrates the bowel wall, with a part in the adjacent mesentery. Few extraluminal air bubbles and mesenteric fat haziness visible around the penetrating foreign body. Mild free fluid is visible.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large cystic area in the posterior fossa extending up to the fourth ventricle. Partial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, which is superiorly placed. Cystic dilatation of the third and lateral ventricles. Hypodensity noted in periventricular white matter. Posterior fontanelle is still not fused.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small focus of increased attenuation in the posterior left head of caudate in keeping with an acute haemorrhage. There is no perihaematomal oedema or mass effect. No intraventricular, subarachnoid or subdural extension.Symmetrical high attenuation in both basal ganglia (visible on both brain and bone windows) in keeping with calcification.Mild generalised cerebral volume loss. No periventricular low attenuation or lacunar infarcts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large left haemothorax and mediastinal haematoma with dilated ascending aorta and false aortic lumen starting at the apex of the arch extending into the left common carotid and base of the left subclavian arteries, and then into the descending thoracic aorta albeit the false lumen is thrombosed distally.  Contrast in the false lumen at the arch is irregular in contour and although there is no contrast leak into the left pleural space, this is likely to be the point of rupture.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Macroscopic fat attenuation lesion arising from the right adrenal gland, with no clear connection to adjacent liver or kidney Sparse soft tissue attenuation elements within it Spherical pseudocapsule Normal left adrenal gland


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Abdominal CT scan pre and post-contrast study reveal large right renal hydatid cyst containing multiple daughter cysts and focal breaching of the hyperdense capsule with leakage of content to a dilated pelvicalyceal system and upper ureter.Hepatic hydatid cyst is noticed with mild dilatation of the nearby biliary tree caused by the mass effect of the cyst upon the adjacent structure.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A peripherally enhancing lesion in the right lower pons, extending into the cerebellopontine angle abuts but does not appear to involve the right cerebellar hemisphere; the right vertebral artery passes anteriorly to it. There is a small amount of adjacent hypoattenuation in the pons, in keeping with oedema. There is localised mass effect with a small degree of effacement of the right pre medullary cistern secondary to the mass. Normal fourth ventricle calibre.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 6.2 cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm containing gas with direct fistulation to the third part of the duodenum into which contrast is extravasating.Pleural plaques. Lungs clear.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Arising from the posterior limb of the right adrenal gland is a 64×60×43mm well-defined mass with heterogeneous enhancement. Its attenuation value on PVP and delayed post-contrast images measured 107HU and 53HU respectively. There is no sign of local invasion to adjacent structures.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The aortic arch is on the right side in relation with the trachea. The aberrant left subclavian artery is the branch that arises from Kommerell diverticulum at the distal end of the aortic arch. These findings are related to a right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery. Also, there is dilatation of the azygos vein that demonstrates azygos continuation of the IVC.  The azygos vein drains in the superior vena cava. On the sagital MIP projection outlined with arrows is the suprahepatic IVC and the arch of azygos vein draining into the SVC.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The pancreatic parenchyma partially surrounds the 2nd part of the duodenum in keeping with an incomplete annular pancreas.The liver is moderately enlarged with homogeneous density.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT abdomen with contrast  There is a large dehiscence of the right hemidiaphragm anteriorly, with herniation of the ileum, ascending colon, part of the transverse, omentum, mesentery, gastric body and antrum. There are jejunal air-fluid levels in the mesogastrium with parietal hypertonia due to mechanical obstruction. There is a modest volume of intraperitoneal free fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bulky bilateral hilar, subcarinal, AP window and right lower paratracheal lymphadenopathy is noted. Bibasilar reticulonodular densities and faint groundglass opacities, suggesting interstitial lung disease.There are multiple bilateral solid pulmonary nodules, predominating in the mid and lower lung zones, measuring up to 1 cm. All the nodules are either peribronchovascular or subpleural/parafissural (perilymphatic distribution) . Three nodules in the left lower lobe, 1 nodule in the right lower lobe and 2 nodules in the right middle lobe.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Tubular Y-shaped nonenhancing lesion in the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe, a finding consistent with mucus impaction of the S1-2 bronchus (bronchocele). Surrounding fibrotic changes. Decreased attenuation is seen around fibrotic changes, a finding indicative of associated air trapping. These CT features are diagnostic of bronchial atresia.Large zone of decreased attenuation is seen in lateral basal segment of left lower lobe with dilated bronchus in central area with no connection to main bronchial tree. This finding is due to bronchial atresia and air trapping.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thick walled fluid filled appendix containing an appendicolith.Periappendiceal inflammatory change.Small volume pelvic free fluid.  No free gas.Mildly distended fluid filled small bowel suggesting minor ileus.Fatty liver.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Laminar gyriform hyperdensity in the right frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, associated with underlying white matter hypodensity, which is consistent with cortical laminar necrosis as a consequence of a right MCA ischaemic infarct.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large left-sided chest wall mass lesion with intra and extrathoracic extension developed mainly on the left 2nd rib, but involving the left 3rd rib. The mass causes bony erosion of the T2 and to a lesser extent T3 vertebral body, the tumoral tissues extending to the left neural foramen of T2-T3 with mild extension to the epidural space without significant compression of the spinal cord.The mass is well-defined, predominantly hypodense with central calcified component. It is extending to the mediastinum, abutting the left subclavian artery, aortic arch, and the left pulmonary artery.  The mass is causing compression and narrowing of the left brachiocephalic vein although it is patent; however, the left subclavian vein is not well seen. The mass is also compressing and displacing the upper mediastinal structures, including the esophagus and trachea. Preserved fat planes between the mass and the erector spinae muscles, which are compressed on the left side, as well as the trapezius and rhomboid muscles on the left side. Mild collapse of the left lung parenchymal tissue inferior to the tumor. No suspicious lung nodules or masses. Small cervical lymph nodules are likely reactive nodes. No visualized lymphadenopathy.  The imaging appearance of the mass is suggestive of chondrosarcoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Displaced distal fibular fracture with mild posterior angulation/ displacement. Comminuted and moderately displaced posterior malleolus fracture with a large articular surface step. Medial malleolus avulsion fracture involving the deltoid ligament. Anterior subluxation of the tibia on the talus also with lateral talar shift. Associated soft tissue swelling.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is evidence of superior mesenteric vein and portal vein thrombosis causing proximal small bowel dilatation and wall thickening with poor enhancement of dilated small bowel loops with suspicious pneumatosis intestinalis highly suggestive for ischaemia.Minimal free fluid in around the liver and in the right pericolic gutter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Abundant fat in the pelvis surrounding the rectum and sigmoid colon with displacement of the urinary bladder anteriorly and elongated sigmoid colon.Also noted: liver cirrhosis with periportal fibrosis, bilateral renal simple cysts, small umbilical fat containing hernia as well as aneurysmal dilatation of the celiac artery measuring about 15 mm in diameter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple bony defects (left medial sphenoid, bilateral frontal and anterior ethmoid) in the locations of MRI detected meningoencephalocele.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Incidental finding on a non-contrast CT scan. At the right choroid fissure, there is a well-delineated, homogeneous and small hypodense lesion, similar to CSF, compatible with choroidal fissure cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: marked circumferential mural thickening of one of the bowel loops in the midline lower abdomen (most probably distal ileal loops) with luminal aneurysmal dilatation. Unilateral wall thickness is 1 cm multiple hypoattenuating nodal masses in the midline lower abdominal cavity. The conglomerate of these nodal masses measure approximately 9 x 8 cm multiple hypoattenuating round lesions in both kidneys bilateral adrenal glands are replaced by large solid lesion. a solid hypoattenuating lesion in the right atrium measuring 2 cm is seen on partially visualised chest small effusion/pleural thickening in the dependent portion of right hemithorax retroperitoneal prespinal and posterior mediastinal enlarged lymph nodes  Liver, spleen, gallbladder, bones and pancreas are normal. No ascites.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta. Dissection of the ascending aorta extending to involve the proximal portion of the aortic arch with sparing of the coronary arteries, branches of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta (type A by Stanford classification). Status post sternotomy and aortic valve replacement. Incidental finding of the common origin of the brachiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery (bovine arch).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Subarachnoid haemorrhage is seen as hyperdense material filling both Sylvian fissures and frontal sulci (mainly on the left). Mild enlargement of the ventricular system (3rd and lateral ventricles) with no evidence of intraventricular haemorrhage.The CTA with 3D-VR demonstrates a saccular aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACOM) measuring (11 x 9 mm) with a narrowed neck measuring 3 mm.  Hypoplastic A1 segment of the right anterior cerebral artery (normal variant). The remainder of the arterial circle of Willis is unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Two separate lacerations of the right kidney extending through the whole depth of the kidney parenchyma. No arterial images but the renal artery and vein look intact. Extensive right perinephric haematoma and blood in right retroperitoneal space. On delayed images, extravasation of contrast around the proximal right ureter in keeping with urine leak. No other injuries.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a persistent primitive trigeminal artery on the left with a hypoplastic caudalbasilar artery.Left fetal posterior communicating artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Cavum septum pellucidum et vergae.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small hiatal hernia.Esophageal, left gastric, and retrogastric varices.Small retrocrural nodes, visible on the previous study 7 years prior (not shown).Nonobstructing portal confluence thrombus, extending into the portal vein, probably longstanding.Enlarged lymph node between the liver and pancreatic body, unchanged.The gallbladder has been removed.Dilated central intrahepatic bile ducts, not dilated on the previous study.The spleen is enlarged, has grown since the previous study.Right renal cortical cyst 2.7 cm in diameter.The vermiform appendix is dilated up to 19 mm by fluid content, similar to the previous study.Tiny amount of free fluid posterior to the uterus.Two small epigastric fat-containing hernias.Summary:  Portal vein thrombosis, with portosystemic collaterals and an enlarged spleen, suggest portal hypertension.  Appendiceal mucocele.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is hypodense soft tissue mass centered on the right optic nerve in retrobulbar space, shows faint enhancement post-contrast, extend through the right optic canal to suprasellar cistern.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large subcapsular hepatic collection containing fluid and gas in the right lobe of the liver (segments 5 and 8) in keeping with an abscess.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Soft tissue thickening in omentum is seen in the infraumbilical region.A multicystic confluent mass lesion with dense solid components is seen surrounding the uterus as well as involving small bowel mesentery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CT images demonstrate a horseshoe kidney with a moderate left nephrohydroureter due to small stone (5 mm) impacted at the vesicoureteric junction. A retroperitoneal fluid collection is noted in the perirenal space and along the left psoas muscle corresponding to a urinoma as confirmed on the excretory phase. The contrast extravasation from the urinary tract (renal pelvis) is well visualized on the excretory phase. Note a small simple renal cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A large cavity containing air and contrast material is seen, which extends from the anterior pelvic cavity up to the right subphrenic space, leading to bulging of the right side of the abdomen. The cavity mimics the dilated colon and may be missed easily. A focus of anterior cecal wall defect is seen that contrast passes through it into the mentioned cavity. Few fistulous tracts between the cavity and the cecum are also visible.The contrast within the bladder in the corticomedullary phase is the excreted contrast of a previous contrast-enhanced study.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Tortuous and dilated vessels are demonstrated surrounding and communicating with the pulmonary trunk. There are numerous arterial supplying vessels arising from both the aorta (i.e. neo-bronchial arteries) and the coronary arteries: from a supra-aortic vessel (outside FOV) from the aortic arch from the right coronary sinus, next to the right coronary ostium from the proximal right coronary segment from the proximal LAD and circumflex artery from the descending aorta Findings are consistent with complex fistula between coronary, bronchial and pulmonary arteries.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple dilated loops of small bowel throughout the abdomen including faecalised ileal loops in the right lower quadrant.  A transition point is identified within a right-sided Spigelian hernia which contains free fluid and a loop of distal ileum.  The hernia measures 54 x 21 mm in axial plane with a 25 mm neck. No evidence of pneumoperitoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Nonvisualized right kidney associated with absent right seminal vesicle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large bilateral renal angiomyolipomas with minimal visible residual renal tissue. Haemorrhage within right renal angiomyolipoma with central hyperdense acute component and surrounding large sub-acute component extending inferiorly.  Nil intraperitoneal haemorrhage/free fluid. Distended gallbladder.  Multiple hypodense liver lesions unchanged from previous imaging. Lung bases clear.  No pleural effusion. Multiple sclerotic foci throughout the visible skeleton unchanged from previous imaging. VP shunt in situ.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: An irregular lesion measuring 1.4 x 1.7 cm is noted in the right breast. A prominent lymph node measuring 7 mm in short axis is noted in the right axilla. A few small subcentimeter partially calcified mediastinal lymph nodes are noted.  No evidence of pulmonary or osseous metastasis.  Mild scoliosis, osteopenia and degenerative changes are seen in the dorsal spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Distension of the small bowel with air-fluid levels. Right lower anterior abdominal wall hernia containing small bowel and is also the transition point to collapsed bowel. Post-surgical change within the anterior abdominal wall and left inguinal region.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large defect in the posterolateral aspect of left hemidiaphragm with herniation of both small and large bowel loops along with mesentery to the left hemithorax.No herniation of the stomach, spleen or left kidney into the left hemithorax. No evidence of strangulation or obstruction.Collapse/hypoplasia of underlying left lung. No significant mediastinal shift.No evidence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. No air space consolidation or suspected nodule in the right lung.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an intraventricular mass in the right foramen of Monro area, with cystic and solid components and small areas of calcification. There is contrast enhancement of solid component. Also, multiple calcified subependymal nodules are seen. Supratentorial hydrocephalus is noted, more on left side with deviation of septum pellucidum towards right side.CT angiography revealed a small saccular aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Findings: Total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (sparing its proximal 6 cm) and its distal branches is seen.  This is associated with hypoenhancement of the mid/distal jejunum, whole ileum, and the ascending colon. Mild mural thickening of the jejunal loops measuring up to 8 mm is also seen. No pneumatosis intestinalis, abnormal bowel dilatation, or pneumoperitoneum is seen. Right renal parapelvic cyst and wedge compression fracture of the L1 vertebra. Multiple calcifications are seen between the muscles of the abdominal wall and gluteal regions.Impression: Thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery (sparing its proximal 6 cm) and its distal branches, associated with arterial bowel ischemia of the mid/ distal jejunum, ileum, and the ascending colon.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT brain (not showed) extended to include the upper cervical spine shows a fracture of the anterior arch of C1 and fracture of the odontoid process.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Single right lung is noted extending to the left hemithorax. Single right pulmonary arteryTwo right pulmonary veins entering the right atriumOne main right pulmonary bronchusThe heart and mediastinum are shifted towards the left side lying at the left hemithorax posteriorly covered by right lung transthoracic herniation.Normal left-sided aortic arch and its branches.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: On CT examination; asymmetric colonic wall thickening at ascending colon - hepatic flexure junction. Note the dilatation of proximal colonic segment. Subsequent colonoscopy and biopsy revealed colon adenocarcinoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large volume of faecal material is distending the rectum and sigmoid, with thickening of the wall of the rectum and loss of clear fat planes around the distended rectum. The maximal diameter of the rectum is 13 x 12cm, and it extends superior-inferior diameter of 23cm.Considering the extent of involvement, consideration should be given to adult Hirschsprung's disease.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large heterogeneous lesion in the midline infra high neck measuring about 10.5 x 6.4 x 8.8 cm. Posteriorly the lesion is compressing the abutting thyroid gland and proximal trachea.After IV contrast injection there is evidence of a defect in the proximal part of the right common carotid artery which extends to a vascular suck at the right side thoracic inlet at the right paratracheal region (3 x 3 x 1.5 cm) and subsequently to the center of the above-mentioned lesion (pseudo aneurysmal cavity).The neck of the large pseudo aneurysmal cavity is measured 6 mm.Rest of the cervical vessels are unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large bilobed mass centered on the left rectus abdominis muscle. Incidental left ovarian cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Paraumbilical  hernia with laparocele and some air - fluid level, visceral fat edema near the abdominal wall.Incidental finding of bilateral ovarian teratomas with calcifications and fat inside.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The liver displays typical cirrhotic features in form of hypertrophied left and caudate lobes, irregular outer border and widened fissures. Multiple ill defined variable size focal lesions are seen scattered at right and left hepatic lobes. Most of them appreciate enhancement in arterial phase followed by rapid washout in portovenous phase indicating multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma. A peripheral lesion is noted at left hepatic lobe doesn't follow that pattern and displays irregular nodular enhancement in arterial and portovenous phase which is believed to be hemangioma. Moreover, there is early enhancement of right and left branches of portal vein suggesting arterio-portal fistula, partial thrombosis of main PV and complete thromboiss of right branch PV.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thickening and enhancement of the right atrial wall (partially seen). Soft tissue thickening of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. Near occlusion/occlusion of the SMA with circumferential soft tissue thickening. Left perinephric soft tissue thickening with infiltrative, enhancing tissue in the renal hilum, resulting in mild/moderate hydronephrosis. Similar infiltrative soft tissue in the right renal hilum without obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a right inguinoscrotal hernia through the inguinal canal, medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, containing mesenteric fat and vessels, and small bowel loops with no signs of small bowel obstruction or necrosis.A small direct inguinal hernia is also noted on the left.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The  depressed fracture of the floor of the right orbit is clearly visible, with resultant high density fluid (blood) in the maxillary sinus. The inferior rectus muscle appears slightly swollen, but there is no sign of further complication such as muscle entrapment/herniation into the sinus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Selected CT images demonstrating a large suprasellar mass composed of cystic and enhancing solid components with scattered tiny calcifications. Significant mass effect on the brainstem and 3rd ventricle with encasement of the basilar artery.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pancreatic tail is oedematous with surrounding fat stranding, which extends into the small bowel mesentery and greater omentum. Small volume of free fluid in the left paracolic gutter. Normal pancreatic enhancement with no evidence of pancreatic necrosis. No pancreatic duct or hepatic duct dilatation. No radiopaque gallstones.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The spleen is enlarged and its cephalocaudal height measured 170mm.Both kidneys are small with atrophic parenchymal changes. A few subcentimeter simple cortical cysts are seen at kidneys. Transplanted kidney with relatively atrophic parenchyma and a few small simple cortical cysts are seen at right iliac fossa. Mild hydronephrosis is present without obvious stone or mass.Diffuse but mild urinary bladder wall thickening is present.Mild degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the lumbar spine.There are also prominent endplate densities at multiple contiguous vertebral levels.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral adrenal masses are compatible with metastases. Splenic metastases are also noted. A lucent lesion in the left iliac bone is taken to represent a metastasis.The liver, gallbladder, pancreas and kidneys enhance normally. Uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulosis is noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe, extending near the basal nuclei with narrow zone of surrounding hypodensity, most likely representing edema.Large volume subarachnoid hematoma in most sulci and all cisterns.Intraventricular hematomas in both lateral ventricles, the third and fourth ventricle.Widening and hydrocephalic configuration of supratentorial ventricles, indicative of obstructive hydrocephalus due to blood in the aqueduct.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Four phases study of the abdomen revealed a heavily calcified rounded lesion at the right hepatic lobe which shows no evidence of enhancement or washout in different phases. The liver itself shows fatty changes yet with regular contour and homogeneous density and no evidence of cirrhotic changes. Small right renal stone and left renal cyst are also noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 46×30mm thick walled oval shaped cystic lesion is present at the right posterolateral aspect of vagina below the level of the pubic symphysis.The uterus is enlarged and containing a 50mm heterogeneously enhancing degenerated fibroid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a 2 cm laceration in the lower pole of the left kidney. Associated small perinephric haematoma. Although arterial phase scanning not performed, there no CT features to suggest active bleeding.Subcutaneous stranding is seen extending posterolaterally toward a region of slightly thickened skin, showing presumably the wound entry site.No free fluid in the abdomen or pelvis. No pneumoperitoneum. The adjacent descending colon is unremarkable.The liver, spleen, right kidney, adrenals, pancreas, bladder, bowel and gallbladder are unremarkable. The visualised lung bases are clear with no pneumothorax or pulmonary contusion seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Gross distention of the interpolar region calyx of the left kidney with thinning of the overlying cortex. Note small defect in the cortex posteriorly. On delayed images, there is a leak of contrast through this defect into the left perinephric fluid. A tiny calculus is also seen in the collection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-contrast CT through the pelvis shows thickening and calcification of the urinary vesical wall predominant in the fundus and left posterolateral aspect.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Thrombosed left middle cerebral artery (hyperdense MCA sign) with acute ischemic infarct evident in the territory of this vessel involving the left fronto-temporo-occipital lobes and left basal ganglia. There is midline shift of approximately 15 mm towards the right side. Effacement of the left lateral ventricle and prominence of right lateral ventricle is noted. No intracranial hemorrhage


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Lobulated cystic lesion centred on segments IVa/II composed of small contiguous cysts with internal septations. Mass effect on the left hepatic duct.Surgical modifications to the liver (past history of right posterior sectionectomy) with foci of calcifications.Numerous contiguous cysts with internal septations in the posterior right subhepatic space with mass effect on the renal cortex without invasion.Intraperitoneal left paravesical septated cyst.Septated pararectal cysts, with mass effect on the rectum and the right seminal vesicle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Keros skull base type 2 Right sinus and drainage pathways Frontal sinus and frontal recess: mild mucosal thickening in frontal recess.Maxillary sinus: small retention mucosal polyp. Internal septum present.Ethmoid sinus: mild mucosal thickening.Ostiomeatal complex: normal.Sphenoid sinus: normal.Sphenoethmoidal recess: normal. Left sinus and drainage pathways Frontal sinus and frontal recess: chronic undisplaced outer table fracture. Mild mucosal thickening in frontal recess.Maxillary sinus: normal.Ethmoid sinus: mild mucosal thickening.Ostiomeatal complex: normal.Sphenoid sinus: hypoplastic, inflamed.Sphenoethmoidal recess: normal. Other findings Nasal cavity: bilateral concha bullosa with left inflammation. Paradoxical left middle turbinate.Orbits: normalAnterior cranial fossa: normal.Nasopharynx: normal.Mastoid air cells: normalThe following findings are concluded in this study: mild bilateral frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary and left sphenoidal sinusitis. chronic undisplaced left frontal sinus outer table fracture. inflamed left concha bullosa.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Brain:Bilateral frontoparietal parafalcine subdural haematomas, measuring 10 mm in thickness on the left and 6 mm on the right.  Small left cerebral convexity subdural haematoma measuring 3 mm in thickness.  There is likely also a small right frontal convexity subdural haematoma measuring 4 mm in thickness.  Moderate volume of intraventricular blood within the occipital horn of the left lateral ventricle.Normal ventricular and sulcal pattern.  No midline shift.  No uncal or tonsillar herniation.  The basal cisterns are not effaced. Small areas of parenchymal hypoattenuation in the right superior frontal lobe, left internal capsule (posterior limb), right sublentiform nucleus/cerebral peduncle, and right temporal lobe. It is possible these represent non-haemorrhagic contusions. Another considered in multifocal infarcts. No calvarial fracture.  The mastoid air cells are clear. Conclusion:1. Bilateral subdural haematomas as described.2. Intraventricular blood within the occipital horn of the left lateral ventricle.3. Impression of multifocal areas of parenchymal hypoattenuation in both cerebral hemispheres, which could reflect non-haemorrhagic contusions or multifocal infarcts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: FINDINGS: Mildly thickened non-enhancing cecum and ascending colon with pericolonic fat stranding. A few streaks of air are seen along the medial aspect of the ascending colon. A small air focus is seen in the superior mesenteric vein and multiple air foci are seen in the portal vein branches, mainly in the left hepatic lobe. No free air is seen in the remaining abdominopelvic cavity. No pericolic free fluid, collection, or lymphadenopathy is noted. Appendix is not visualized (past history of appendectomy).  Extensive atherosclerotic changes are seen in the abdominal aorta and its branches; however, the mesenteric vessels are still patent.  A small cortical cyst measuring about 1 cm, is seen in the left kidney. Peripheral calcifications are seen in the average size spleen showing homogeneous enhancement. Gallbladder, pancreas, and adrenals are normal.  Mild bilateral basal atelectatic changes. Generalized osteopenia and degenerative changes are seen in the visualized skeleton.IMPRESSION: Mildly thickened non-enhancing cecum and ascending colon with pericolonic fat stranding and air in the superior mesenteric & portal veins; these radiological features are suggestive of bowel Ischemia/ischemic colitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT Brain (bone windows):Incidental asymmetrical right sided thickening of the frontal bone and extending to involve the floor of the right anterior cranial fossa and right clinoid process.  This demonstrates predominantly internal ground glass density with multiple irregular lucencies interspersed with a few sclerotic foci.  No periosteal reaction or pathological fracture identified.Cervical spine:There are multiple, expansile lucent lesions with endosteal scalloping involving the right 2nd and 4th and left 5th ribs, the right aspect of the T1 vertebral body and neural arch and the T2 and T4 vertebral bodies.  Normal appearance of the perivertebral soft tissues. No acute fracture is identified.  Paraseptal emphysematous changes noted at the imaged lung apices. Comment: Incidental finding of asymmetrically thickened right frontal bone along with multiple expansile lucent lesions in several bilateral ribs and vertebral bodies.  These findings are typical of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pneumonic consolidation is seen in the left lower lobe. Few other small consolidative patches are seen in the posterior aspects of the both lungs.No vascular rings noted.The left superior pulmonary vein is seen draining in the left bracheo-cephalic vein (innominate vein).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an exophytic mass (11 x 8 x 5 cm) of irrgular contours, arising from the posterior gastric wall, hypodense with central foci of calcification. This mass is in contact with the pancreas, and an adjacent jejunal loop with extension to the lesser omentum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Cluster of thick-walled, hypoenhancing small bowel in the right mid abdomen with mesenteric edema. Increased density of the thick-walled portion on noncontrast series. Two adjacent transition points lead in and out of this cluster, with segmental narrowing and angulation. The distal transition point corresponds to the distal ileum. The upstream bowel is dilated with gradual dilution of oral contrast and air/fluid levels. Pessary. Incidental node of nutcracker physiology of the left renal vein which drains via the gonadal vein.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple sigmoid colonic diverticulae.Thickened sigmoid colon with pericolic inflammatory change.Gas tracking across the wall of the sigmoid, with large volume of gas in the bladder ( which is not catheterised ).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Several nodules are seen at both lungs less than 12mm. Multiple low enhancing masses are seen throughout the liver less than 85mm. Increased wall thickness due to tumoral infiltration is present at sigmoid colon measuring about 12cm in length; accompanied by several regional lymphadenopathies with maximums SAD of 19mm. Additionally, several small lymphadenopathies are noted at para-aortic regions with maximum SAD of 12mm. There is no sign of local invasion to adjacent structures. A little amount of pelvic free fluid is also evident.  Degenerative changes as osteophytosis are seen at the thoracolumbar spine.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: On the left side, gastric varices drain into a dilated left renal vein forming a gastrorenal shunt.On the right side, mesenteric varices carry blood from the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) into the right renal vein.The liver is cirrhotic with an enlarged spleen. Incidental finding of intramuscular lipoma at the left posterior abdominal wall.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Both lungs demonstrate numerous small pulmonary nodules, the largest lying in the apical segment of the right lower lobe measuring approximately 5mm. There is no evidence of cavitation or calcification. No focal consolidation. No pleural or pericardial effusion.Diffuse abnormal mixed fluid and soft tissue infiltrate is seen within the right axilla. This is associated with multiple ring-enhancing lesions which have central low attenuation suggesting necrosis. There is surrounding loss of the fat planes with possible extension into some of the surrounding musculature in the apex of the right axilla.No left axillary, mediastinal, hilar or retrocrural lymphadenopathy. The visualised portions of the upper abdominal viscera are unremarkable. No suspicious bony abnormality.Conclusion:  The findings are not specific. The differential diagnosis still includes infection, in particular, atypical organisms, such as TB and metastatic disease.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Encephalomalacic changes of the left superior cerebellar artery territory are noted, likely secondary to old infarct. Diffuse cerebral atrophic change noted, with relative prominence of the cerebral sulci and ventricles.Hypoattenuation of the periventricular and subcortical white matter regions bilaterally is likely suggestive of chronic small vessel ischaemic disease.No acute intra-axial or extra-axial haemorrhage identified. No midline shift or significant mass effect.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive pneumatosis affecting small and large bowel wall with a large volume of portal venous gas. Poor bowel wall enhancement throughout. Intraperitoneal free gas and small volume of free fluid. Hyperattenuating adrenal glands. Striated nephrograms. Differential attenuation within the liver. Slit-like IVC. SMA is patent with no significant ostial atherosclerosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive dural venous sinus thrombosis involving the sagittal, transverse and sigmoid sinuses, straight sinus and vein of Galen with extension into the right internal jugular vein. Empty delta sign present.Diffuse abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement.Associated significant sulcal effacement compatible with generalized brain swelling.The basal cisterns are attenuated.There is inferior displacement of the cerebellar tonsils.No space occupying lesions, haemorrhage or infarctions.Midline structures are central.No hydrocephalus.Partial opacification of maxillary (R > L) and ethmoid sinuses.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Massive SAH extending into brain parenchyma and ventricular system.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Massive hepatomegaly which is largely replaced by cysts. No solid mass. Right kidney has multiple cysts without substantial enlargement or loss of cortex. Left kidney is obstructed by proximal left ureteral stone with severe hydronephrosis, somewhat difficult to distinguish from the cortex which has been replaced by cysts.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT Chest (axial C+, lung window and coronal bone): Irregular thick-walled cavitating lesion in the right upper lobe Scattered 4-6mm pulmonary nodules in the right upper lobe Dense air-space opacity in both upper lobes in paramediastinal distribution with sharply defined linear outer borders, traction bronchiectasis Air-space opacity in the right upper lobe Soft tissue density mass anterior to the left side of the heart Scattered vertebral body lytic lesions throughout the visualized axial skeleton, compression of the left side of the body of T5