Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined heterogenous lesion in left lower abdomen, which has a spongiform appearance with gas bubbles, and shows an enhancing wall with hyperdense curvilinear metallic structures in it. It is abutting the lower anterior abdominal wall, just above the level of the left ovary, with adjacent bowel loops (ileum, distal descending colon, proximal sigmoid) showing a diffuse thickened wall, surrounded by regional fatty stranding.Also noted are signs of a lower abdominal incision, including subcutaneous thickening, edema and fluid collection.Left ovarian cyst.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is an apparent soft tissue density surrounding the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta resulting to mural irregularity, luminal narrowing and stenosis at the bifurcation and bilateral proximal common iliac arteries. These findings are suggestive of an inflammatory process.The distal iliac arteries are patent.Relatively hypoplastic ectopic right kidney is seen in the pelvic region with hypoplastic renal artery arising from the left common iliac artery just after the bifurcation.The rest of the branches of the abdominal aorta show normal opacification and course with no significant stenosis or occlusion.Multiple prominent para-aortic and iliac lymph nodes are observed.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Significant generalized low attenuation of the entire brain parenchyma and cerebellum with marked effacement of the brain sulci as well as major cisterns. Associated hyper-density is noted within giving the appearance of pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage.Gray-white matter interface has been lost. Attenuated ventricular system with no midline shift with evidence of tonsiller cerebral herniation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A 130×80×100mm thick-walled cyst is present at right liver lobe without obvious enhancing solid component.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Non-contrast CT-scan of the brain exhibiting hypodense subdural collection with calcified walls bilaterally, consistent with chronic bilateral calcified subdural haematomas.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right upper lobe posterior lobe pulmonary air-filled cavitary lesion is seen with irregular outer mural surface and smooth inner surface. An adjacent similar cavity is seen anteriorly. No intra-cavitary air fluid levels or intracavitary soft tissue. Surrounding mainly upper lobe and, to a lesser extent, middle lobe scarring, fibrosis, alveolar consolidations and tree-in-bud pattern, as well as centrilobular nodules, are seen. Left upper lobe apico-posterior segment alveolar consolidations and tree-in-bud pattern are seen. Enlarged retrocaval, pre carinal & right hilar lymph nodes ar seen.T8 and T9 vertebral bodies reduced anterior height with diffuse sclerotic texture and transversely oriented cleft filled with hyperdense content. It is seen associated extraosseous soft tissue is seen, having pre, para and intra-spinal components showing heterogeneous enhancement with calcific foci within. The intraspinal component is seen compressing the thecal sac extending opposite the length of T8 and T9 vertebral bodies and T9/10 disc space.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple solid fusiform masses along the distribution of nerves infiltrating throughout the celiac region, hepatic hilum & into the liver parenchyma. They are seen showing homogeneous low attenuation.Other similar masses are seen at posterior mediastinal lower para-esophageal & left upper chest wall fuorth intercostal space.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Lenticular isodense lesion deep to left iliacus muscle


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CTA of the chest demonstrates an aortic dissection. A dissection aortic flap is seen extending from the aortic valve, arising in the ascending aorta and spirals along the whole aorta. The flap extends into the upper scanned common iliac arteries.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT abdomenModerate volume ascites. The ascites tracks into the left hemiscrotum.Multiple peritoneal nodules measuring up to 2 cm.Several of the peritoneal nodules are studded on to the serosal surface of the lateral aspect of the bladder bilaterally.Solid organs of the upper abdomen normal.Mesenteric lymph adenopathy. Bilateral inguinal lymph nodes measuring up to 8 mm.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large complex cyst with daughter cysts along the anterior right hepatic lobe, which has volume loss. Left hepatic hypertrophy. Right subdiaphragmatic calcifications. Right hemithorax volume loss, pleural thickening, and basilar bronchiectasis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Evidence of pancreatitis is seen as pancreatic edema, peripancreatic fatty haziness, and retroperitoneal fascial thickening on the left side. The pancreatic body does not show normal enhancement despite enhancing pancreatic head or distal tail, suggestive of pancreatic necrosis (more than 50%, score 6). At least one acute fluid collection (likely acute necrotic collection) is visible in the lesser sac (Balthazar score 3, CT severity index 9). At least one stone at the pancreatic portion of the CBD and another one at the distal cystic duct just before insertion to the CBD, and several gallstones are visible, in favor of biliary pancreatitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial non-contrast CT abdomen showed air in the left pelvicalyceal system extending into ureter. No parenchymal air pockets were noted. No significant perinephric inflammation was evident. There were enlarged reactive eft renal hilar lymphnodes. No obstructive calculus was noted in left ureter.These imaging features are consistent with emphysematous pyelitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple solid fusiform masses along the distribution of nerves infiltrating throughout the hepatic hilum, small bowel mesentery and greater omentum. They are seen showing homogenous low attenuation.Right femoral nerve thickening is noted as well.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT demonstrates large tumefactive homogenous calcification measured 28 x 22 x 20 mm in the posterior aspect of the mitral valve annulus.Findings most keeping with caseous mitral annular calcification.There is also cardiomegaly and atherosclerotic calcifications along the thoracic aorta and coronary arteries.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a round, hyperdense lesion centred at the foramen of Monro, appearance is compatible with a colloid cyst. No associated hydrocephalus.Multiple intraparenchymal supra and infratentorial hyperattenuating lesions, the largest in the left medial frontal lobe. No surrounding vasogenic oedema or mass effect.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Cholecystectomy.The liver is reduced in volume.  Patent portal vein.Splenomegaly of 25 cm, with an enlarged splenic vein measuring 3 cm in diameter.Markedly dilated recanalised paraumbical veins measuring up to 1.7 cm in diameter at the umbilicus, forming a caput medusae.Dilated inferior epigastric veins.Small volume ascites.Small pleural effusions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Small gas locules in the retropharyngeal region in the midline and slightly to the left at the level of the hypopharynx suggesting localised perforation. No radio-opaque foreign body is seen. There is no large collection evident.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Massive complex neck mass arising from the left hemithyroid gland, characterized by soft tissue with irregular margins and small calcifications with a large, frond-like soft tissue anterior projection and branching irregular cysts containing variable amounts of complex layering material and wall thickening. Smaller complex cysts extend inferiorly into the thoracic inlet. Compressing and displacement of the trachea and esophagus. Left vocal cord palsy indicating invasion of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Smaller nodule in the right hemithyroid. Left cervical adenopathy. Borderline axillary and prepectoral lymph nodes.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A lobulated hyperdense soft tissue mass with a "cauliflower-like" appearance in the trigone of the left lateral ventricle with intense contrast enhancement. The ventricular system is enlarged.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Annotated CT of the facial bones which nicely demonstrates the path of the eustachian tube from the middle ear to the nasopharynx


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Splenectomy. Hepatic steatosis. Large enhancing peritoneal collection. Bilateral complex pelvic adenexal collections. IUD.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Retroperitoneal perforation, the pattern of free air is indicative of the duodenum being the site of origin.  Main pancreatic duct stent in situ.  Gallbladder hydrops, sludge, gallstones. Other: hepatic and kidney cysts, diverticulosis, small abdominal hernia, signs of prior operations with scarring on both kidneys.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Decreased left lower lobe lung volume with a rounded soft tissue density adjacent to a pleural surface with associated pleural thickening, bilateral pleural effusions and bilateral calcific pleural plaques. The rounded soft tissue density is seen pulling the related bronchovascular bundles giving the shape of a comet tail.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial and coronal reconstructed images of non contrast CT of abdomen show presence of multiple high attenuation non obstructive calculi (Avg HU - 1150 to 1200HU) in bilateral kidneys.Urinary bladder is minimally distended with bulb of foley's catheter noted in situ. Few (2-3) vesical calculi are noted within.Herniation of antero-inferior part of the urinary bladder on the left side is seen through the left inguinal canal into the left sided scrotal sac with presence of 2 well defined calculi within the herniated bladder pouch.Prostatic calcifications.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes with obstruction of almost all of the SVC lumen with blockage of the cavo-atrial junction and subsequent development of a collateral pathway including the azygous venous system, internal mammary vein, lateral thoracic veins and paravertebral venous plexus. Findings suggest a stage 3 SVC obstruction. Also there is a right pulmonary  mass.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Focal narrowing of the descending thoracic aorta distal to the left subclavian artery.Mild post stenotic dilatation.Minimal dilatation of the internal mammary artery.No rib notching detected.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is non-visualization of the right semicircular canals apart from a small part of the superior semicircular canal due to osseous deposition. There are also faint areas of ossification seen in the right cochlear turns mainly basal turn. The mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities are clear. Intact ossicles. Normal internal auditory canals, vestibules, left cochlea and left semicircular canals.No evidence of bony destruction or temporal bone tumour.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The sella is expanded and contains multiple foci of hyperdense material, particularly peripherally, in keeping with haemorrhage, possibly into a mass. No other intracranial haemorrhage. No cerebral mass-effect or evidence of cerebral infarction. Ventricles and sulci age-appropriate.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Although has there has been prior cholecystectomy, a gallbladder stump persists (as seen on a recent MRCP). There is a partially peripherally calcified 9 mm calculus within the cystic duct which has migrated medially (since the external CT cholangiogram 9 days earlier). The cystic duct calculus is causing extrinsic compression of the common hepatic duct which is dilated measuring 16 mm (previously 8 mm on the CT cholangiogram). No intrahepatic duct dilatation.Features are therefore in keeping with Mirizzi syndrome.Incidental circumaortic left renal vein.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse oedematous changes of the bowel loops and mesentery with significant ascites.No pneumoperitoneum.Multiple sub centimetric prominent mesenteric lymph nodes are seen.Homogeneous hepatomegaly is noted with periportal halo.Oedematous changes of the gall bladder with marked mucosal enhancement as well as enhancement of common bile duct wall is seen; however, no dilatation of intra and extra hepatic biliary channels is seen.The spleen, pancreas, kidneys and adrenals are normal.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Lesion noted in segment 4. ?significance


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The jejunal loops and Treitz are on the right side, near the liver, with "small bowel faeces" sign and hypertrophy of the Kerckring valves; it is associated whirl sign of the mesenteric vessels with modest peritoneal effusion.The jejunal loops are absent on the left.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is premature closure of the sagittal suture (anterior 2/3), producing an abnormal head shape which appears narrow, with cephalo-caudal elongation, and frontal bossing. Congenital defects are noted in the parietal bones.Normal appearance of the other cranial sutures.No cerebral abnormality was seen at infra or supra-tentorial levels.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The sigmoid colon shows diverticular disease, one of the diverticulae show surrounding fat stranding and reactive mural thickening of the adjacent pelvic colon wall denoting acute inflammatory process consistent with acute diverticulitis.There is no evidence of complications.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The prominent finding on this study is a defect in the posterior wall of the middle part of the descending colon with tracking of contrast through the left retroperitoneum.After instilling contrast via rectal enema, it leaks through the defect in the inferior aspect of the posteromedial left parietal pleura to collect in the left costophrenic recess of the pleural cavity.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderate volume of upper abdominal free fluid. No other distinct abnormality although image quality is reduced.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The stomach, duodenum, and jejunum are dilated and filled with fluid/oral contrast. The small bowel abruptly transitions in mid-abdomen with a "swirled appearance". Distally to the point of volvulus, there is a long segment of small bowel in the mid abdomen which is dilated, mildly thickened/irregular, and slightly hyperenhancing. However, this segment of bowel gradually transitions into normal caliber distal small bowel, without another point of obstruction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Pre and post IV dual phase CT images were obtained. Oral contrast was also given.The greater omentum appears hazy with concentric hyperdensity. It shows streaks of whirling pattern (whirl sign). It is displacing bowel loops. The abdominal and pelvic fat appears streaky. The rectum and sigmoid colon appear collapsed. An associated right inguinoscrotal hernia contains hazy omental fat only.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Patent antecolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with oral contrast within multiple loops of small bowel in the mid abdomen. Moderate to severe distention of the gastric remnant containing mostly fluid. Area of thickening or possible twisting of the gastric antrum (best appreciated on the coronal reformats). Remainder of the pancreaticobiliary limb appears normal in caliber.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Focal area of fat stranding is present inferior to the hepatic flexure of the colon and right liver lobe.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Sigmoid colon is redundant and there is ovoid fat density lesion with a high attenuation margin and surrounding fat stranding, adjacent to the sigmoid colon.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffusely hyperattenuating liver. Splenomegaly. Hyperattenuating porta hepatis lymph nodes.Prior right hemicolectomy and right nephrectomy. Incidental calcified gallstone.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT coronary angiography shows: Right dominant coronary circulation Anomalous origin of left circumflex (LCX) artery is seen from right coronary sinus with common ostium for both LCX and RCA. LCX courses postero-inferior to the aortic root to reenter anterior atrioventricular groove. Left main coronary artery (LMCA) continues as left anterior descending artery (LAD). Few eccentric mixed plaques are noted in proximal LAD causing 20-25% stenosis.  No stenosis in rest of the coronary arteries.  Atherosclerotic wall thickening and calcifications are noted in aortic root.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a cystic lesion of irregular and lobulated contours of the hepatic dome, centered on the segments VII/VIII, containing air-bubbles with peripheral calcification. Evidence of transdiaphragmatic/transpleural fistulous track (well-visualized on reconstructed images) extending from the cystic lesion of the liver to the anterior segment of the lower lobe with associated lung consolidation (secondary pneumonia). Reactive enlargement of the right paratracheal lymph nodes is noted. There is an extension of the lesion beyond the calcific rim, suggesting rupture into adjacent liver with presumably some degree of biliary necrosis and faint bile duct dilatation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large volume of heterogeneous fluid within the abdomen, with layering of different attenuation. This is denser than simple fluid and consistent with blood. This is centred on the spleen, with a small linear region of low attenuation within the medial aspect of the spleen, concerning for rupture/laceration. Anteriorly, the margin of the spleen is also ill-defined and potentially disrupted. Adjacent to the lateral aspect of the spleen, there is a linear region of higher attenuation, concerning for active contrast extravasation. Small splenunculus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The gallbladder is distended with irregular thinned out enhanced imperceptible wall more evident at the posterolateral aspect of its body with wall defect, however high attenuated gallbladder content seen continuous with pericholecystic fluid surrounding the gall bladder, extending to perihepatic and subhepatic regions with tracking of fluid into the paracolic gutter. High attenuated fluid collection suggestive of ? bile /blood.Perisplenic free fluid collection noted as well. Inhomogenous attenuation of the related hepatic surface. Small paraumbilical hernia noted containing only omental fat. Scanned lung bases show mild pericardial effusion as well as mild pleural effusion slightly more on the right side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A left-sided basal ganglia lesion with abundant surrounding oedema is present exerting substantial localized mass effect.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The small bowel is moderately distended with fluid, without a site of obstruction.Minimal or absent bowel wall enhancement of the jejunum and ileum distal to the duodenojejunal flexure.  No intramural gas.Total occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) several centrimetres distal to its origin.The large bowel is normal in appearance.No free gas.  Trace of fluid in the right paracolic gutter.Simple renal cysts.Bilateral lower lobe consolidation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a large heterogeneous retroperitoneal mass measuring (40 x 23 x 35 cm) composed of fatty-density, soft tissue components, multiple thickened internal septa as well as sparse punctate calciﬁcations in its pelvic component. No significant enhancement is seen on postcontrast images. The left kidney is completely surrounded by this lipomatous mass and displaced to the right. The left lobe of the liver, pancreas, spleen, and stomach are displaced superiorly and small bowel and colon anteriorly and to the right.No enlarged abdominal or pelvic lymph nodes. No intraperitoneal effusion was seen.A small submucosal uterine mass, probably a leiomyoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Necrotic nodal mass in the paratracheal chain extending inferiorly to the level of the carina. There is evidence of abnormal communication between the esophagus and trachea just above the level of the carina.A cavitary lesion in the apical segment of the right upper lobe and a soft tissue density nodule with some spiculated outlines in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe.Aspirated contrast material is noted in bilateral lung lower lobes mostly on the right side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bony defect in the posterior arch elements of the lumbosacral spine from L3 to S5 levels.Fat attenuating lesion in the spinal canal -mainly to left side- from level of L2 to L4 extending posteriorly to the subcutaneous fat through the large bony defect at L3/4 level.Abnormalities of the spinal cord like tethered cord cannot be evaluated CT.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Hernia in right inguinal tract, lateral of pubic tubercle and medial to common femoral vein, consistent with a femoral hernia.The hernia contains a swollen appendix. No intestinal strangulation.Prominent abdominal and inguinal lymph nodes due to treated follicular lymphoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Huge well-defined abdominopelvic soft tissue mass that is inseparable from the distorted uterus. No calcifications or hemorrhage on the precontrast study, with heterogeneous enhancement following contrast.Engorgement of the pelvic veins and the left gonadal vein due to mass pressure.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Normal appearance of the cerebellar and cerebral parenchyma, adequate cerebral grey-white matter differentiation.The ventricles are of normal size and shape. The brain stem is grossly normal.Absence of intracranial haemorrhage, parenchymal distortion or shift of the midline structures.The left ICA below the base of the skull is hyperdense, presumably representing thrombus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked atrophic changes of segments II and III of liver are seen with duct dilatation.Remaining segments are of normal size.There is dilation of the intrahepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, gall bladder (12 x 4 cm in diameter) and upper part of common bile duct (16 mm in maximum diameter) to the level of pancreatic head. The distal common bile duct is not dilated and shows wall enhancementSub centimetre lymph nodes are seen near the pancreatic head. The largest measures 7 mm in short diameter.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Focal parenchymal enlargement with indistinct pancreatic head margins owing to inflamation and fat stranding at surrounding retroperitoneal fat.  Lack of parenchymal enhancement at pancreatic head and diffuse circumferential duodenal wall thickening.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The CBD is mildly dilated with a dense 5mm stone in the distal end.  Very mild intrahepatic duct dilatation.Mildly thickened gallbladder containing stones.Fatty liver.  The solid organs are otherwise unremarkable.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Abnormal focal narrowing of the left renal vein while crossing the aorto-superior mesenteric distance, that appears reduced. Sagittal images demonstrate the narrowing of the aorto-superior mesenteric angle.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Portal venous phase abdominal CT scan shows a massive right retroperitoneal heterogeneous solid mass. The mass has no macroscopic fat or calcifications. It also occupies the lumen of the hepatic and infrahepatic inferior vena cava, and displaces the right kidney inferiorly. The lower pulmonary lobes had multiple nodules, suspicious for metastasic dissemination.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Patchy hypodensity in the white matter of the middle cerebral artery territory is noted. There is also positive mass effect in the region with loss of grey-white matter differentiation and probable cortical swelling.In the Sylvian fissure, a branching calcific density is present consistent with a calcified embolus, with the largest component extending into the inferior division of the MCA. Features are those of a subacute infarct secondary to a calcified thromboembolism.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT shows large pedunculated polypoid filling defect with lobulated margins in the ascending colon. There is mild retraction at the medial colonic wall with small pericolic lymph nodes.Finding suggestive with a pedunculated colon polyp.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Bilateral optic nerve head calcification.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Occlusive filling defects seen within two basal sub-segmental branches of the right lower lobe consistent with pulmonary embolism.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: This is the repeat CT scan 3/52 weeks following her initial presentation.There is a hypodensity in the right midzone and the middle portion. The features suggest gliosis related to infarction. There is no evidence of haemorrhagic transformation or haemorrhage and no significant mass effect. The findings suggest evolving gliosis at the sites of infarction.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Diffuse heterogeneous circumferential gastric mural thickening (over 2 cm thick), extending into the first and second parts of the duodenum. Nodular appearance of mucosa suggesting submucosal infiltration. A few hypodense lesions are noted in the gastric wall representing necrosis/cystic changes. There is an exophytic area noted on the left side side of the gastric body. Findings typical for linitis plastica.Extension along the gastrohepatic ligament and also along the gastrocolic ligament associated with mild thickening of part of the transverse colon.Extensive peritoneal involvement with thickening and enhancement. Involvement of the greater omentum and small bowel mesentery which enhances extensively. Loss of fat plane along the head and neck of pancreas. Free fluid noted around the liver, spleen and in the pelvis.No focal lesions in the spleen/liver. No splenomegaly or significant adjacent or remote lymphadenopathy. Normal retroperitoneum. No evidence of skeletal or thoracic involvement (CT chest not shown), apart from bibasal pleural effusions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Increased thickness of the prevertebral soft tissue filled by linear hyperdensity.Unremarkable non-enhanced brain study.Normal cervical body height and alignment.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large heterogeneous confluent soft tissue mass filling the para-aortic retroperitoneum and mesentery. The mass encases the abdominal aorta, and extends along the iliac vessels into the pelvis and both groins. It also encases the mesenteric vessels. The remaining peritoneal and mesenteric fat is hyperdense with inflammatory stranding.There is reduction in calibre of the bilateral common and external iliac arteries and lower abdominal aorta. The vessels are patent. Iliac veins are not clearly identified. The remaining mesenteric and portal venous systems appear patent. Progression of the bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy.Spleen is enlarged more so than the previous study. The liver is unchanged. Gallbladder wall is mildly edematous. The pancreas is compressed by the mass. Bilateral kidneys remain mildly atrophic with unchanged renal cortical cysts.Allowing for significant mass effect within the abdomen the large and small bowel appear normal. The bladder is normal.No aggressive osseous lesions. Moderate bilateral pleural effusions with adjacent atelectasis of the bilateral lower lobes. IMPRESSION Extensive progression of lymphoma with retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymphadenopathy which is now a massive confluent soft tissue mass causing mass effect within the abdomen and encasing the retroperitoneal and mesenteric vessels. Bilateral pleural effusions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Marked ileal wall thickening with an intraluminal collection of gas and particulate matter representing aneurysmal bowel dilatation.Multiple intra-abdominal matted lymphadenopathies encasing the inferior mesenteric artery branches, giving the sandwich sign appearance.Thrombus within the superior mesenteric vein.Splenomegaly and a minimal amount of abdominopelvic free fluid.Two small urinary bladder diverticula with grossly enlarged prostate gland.Small hiatal hernia.No significant bowel dilatation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: known case of a thalassemia major patient underwent splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Noted postoperative changes in the splenic bed with thick left perirenal fascia. Evidence of little pelvic perivesical collection.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple site of focal weakening of wall of terminal duodenum and entire jejunum showing air fluid levels within suggestive of benign diverticulosis. No diverticular wall thickening or peridiverticular fat stranding to suggest active inflammation. Inflamed gall bladder with a stone in the bladder neck. Chronicity depicted in the walls which show areas of sloughing.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Arising in the midline from the inferior aspect of the hard palate is a 5 x 9 x 14 mm bony protuberance. No bony destruction or appreciable soft tissue mass.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large penetrating wooden foreign body extending from the right anterolateral aspect of the neck, traversing inferomedially posterior to the right sternocleidomastoid, entering the thoracic inlet with tip of the foreign body in the superior mediastinum. The tip of the foreign body lies close to the aortic arch and abuts the origin of the left subclavian artery and displaces the proximal left common carotid which winds around the foreign object. Incidental aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery from the aortic arch. The right internal jugular vein is displaced medially and compressed, and not visualised distally. No active arterial extravasation or traumatic pseudoaneurysm. Diffuse subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. Large left pneumothorax.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 4cm left lower lobe mass straddling the basal segments extending to the hilum.1cm nodule in the lateral basal segment of the left lower lobe.1.8cm left upper lobe mass.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The contrast CT abdomen reveals gross dilatation of the fecal loaded large bowel loop beside abrupt transition into a narrowed and a thickened segment of the rectosigmoid junction. The thickened segment measure about 3.2cm in length and a maximum wall thickness of about 9mm.Gross ascites is present. The rest of the study is unremarkable. The case was referred to a high centre for further management.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Massive and abnormal right kidney: central stone, calyces blown out with layering calcifications, dense material in upper/posterior calyx which does not definitely enhance pre/post contrast. Small amount of retroperitoneal/peripancreatic fluid. Mild thickening/hyperenhancement of the right ureter with surrounding fluid. Right hip subcutaneous hematoma. Hepatic steatosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large right renal tumour (6cm AP x 5.3cm TR x 6.8cm CC), with tumour thrombus extension into the right renal vein and IVC at the level of renal vein insertion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CTA confirms the presence of a large  left temporal lobe arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which appears to receive the vast majority of its supply from the left middle cerebral artery. Also observed is an intranidal aneurysm.Enlarged cerebral veins draining into the superior sagittal sinus and the vein of Galen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right anterior temporal pole intraparenchymal haematoma and is of a density suggestive of a non-acute bleed. Hypodensity surrounding the bleed is likely vasogenic oedema, however, there is possible loss of grey-white differentiation in the right frontal lobe suggestive of superimposed ischaemia.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right flank subcutaneous edema related to rib fractures and pneumothorax (not completely shown). Extensive multifocal body wall muscular injury with small foci of bleeding. Traumatic right lumbar hernia. Bilateral iliac wing fractures. Transverse and spinous process fractures. Small amount of pelvic ascites (not dense). Irregularity and thickening of the bladder dome.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Peritoneal free gas is present in keeping with perforation. The sigmoid demonstrates surrounding fat stranding. A tubular osseous density structure is present in the sigmoid colon, suspicious for ingested foreign body.Just distal to the foreign body there is a stenosing luminal mass, with stranding in the sigmoid mesocolon and tubular soft tissue extension beyond the colonic serosa. Conclusion: Sigmoid carcinoma with associated perforation, which is likely related to impaction of an ingested foreign body (fragment of animal bone).


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a dissection flap which arises at the distal aortic arch with perfusion of false and true lumens. Immediately distal to this a further linear transmural density with intramural haematoma is seen and is consistent with a contained aortic transection. There is also a mediastinal haematoma. There is a moderate-sized haematoma in the right pelvis and a filling defect in the right external iliac artery proximally in keeping with vessel injury, probably from traumatic dissection. The femoral artery is perfused distally. The stomach is fluid-filled and distended placing the patient at risk of aspiration.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Extensive inflammatory change in the lower abdomen and pelvis. Intra-uterine contraceptive device. Mural thickening and enhancement of a tubular structure in the right adnexa, adjacent to a collection with enhancing margins. Normal bowel and solid abdominal viscera.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Erosion and destruction of the L4 inferior endplate and L5 superior endplate associated with multiple para-vertebral collections measuring 12 x 43 x 20 mm (AP, TS and CC), right psoas measures 35 x 18 x 46 mm (AP, TS and CC) and left psoas measuring 22 X 11 X 20 mm (AP, TS and CC).L5-S1 moderate narrowing of the spinal canal and bilateral neural exits on top of central disc protrusion.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple variable size fat density renal masses with enlarged vasculature are visible bilaterally in favor of bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. A hematoma is seen in the right perinephric space, deviating the right kidney anteromedially. The hematoma is due to hemorrhage of the largest angiomyolipoma of the right kidney. The hematoma extends to the combined retroperitoneal fascia, and mild to moderate free fluid with a fluid-fluid level is seen in the pelvis. Evidence of the previous cholecystectomy is seen.On lower thoracic CT images, several small pulmonary cysts are visible with LAM's possibility in the context of tuberous sclerosis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Fat-density structure in the gastrohepatic ligament with a vessel coursing through it and surrounding fat stranding.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a well-defined multilobulated cystic mass of the pancreatic head measuring (60 x 55 x 45 mm), composed of numerous cysts of variable sizes, separated by enhanced septa with central calcification. This pancreatic mass is in contact with the superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, IVC, and left renal vein with no vascular invasion. The common bile duct is displaced anteriorly, but not dilated. Mild dilatation of the pancreatic duct is noted. No enlarged lymph nodes are noted.Incidental findings: hiatal hernia small diverticulum of the 2nd part of the duodenum small simple hepatic cyst small umbilical hernia of epiploic content gallbladder (history of cholecystectomy 20 years ago) colonic diverticulosis endometrial thickening (patient referral to a gynaecologist)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Partial resection of the left lobe of the liver is noted.Lipiodol deposits superiorly in segment 8 and multiple liver cysts are unchanged.Multiple hypodense liver lesions are present including in caudate 10 mm, segment 5 and segment 7.There is a large centrally necrotic soft tissue mass anterior to the spleen.Several abnormal bowel loops are demonstrated, with expansion by intraluminal masses/marked mural thickening, with no evidence of obstruction. These are demonstrated centrally, in the right iliac fossa and in the left side of the abdomen.Previous large bowel surgery noted, with left colostomy.No retroperitoneal or mesenteric lymph node enlargement.Spleen, adrenals, and kidneys appear normal. Hyperdense mass in the left iliacus muscle.Conclusion: Hypodense liver lesions are suspicious for metastases. Necrotic peritoneal metastasis anterior to the spleen. Multiple abnormal loops of small bowel, with mural thickening and expansion without obstruction, is suspicious for lymphoma.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Moderate volume peritoneal free fluid is demonstrated. There is no peritoneal free gas.The small bowel is not significantly dilated. There is a long segment of mid-to-distal small bowel that demonstrates moderate mural oedema and hypoenhancement, with mesenteric congestion and a filling defect in the draining superior mesenteric vein tributary. There is no intramural or mesenteric venous gas. No portal venous gas. The main branch of the SMV opacifies normally. There is normal opacification of the portal vein and splenic vein.The abdominal aorta, celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery enhance normally.The colon is unremarkable. The stomach is distended. Conclusion: Small bowel ischaemia secondary to venous thrombosis in an SMV tributary.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Subpleural bullae are seen at both lungs, accompanied by right sided pneumothorax.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left kidney: Large triangular avascular area can be noted in the anterior aspect of the midportion of the left kidney in keeping with laceration extending to the renal pelvis including major vascular injury.Spleen: The lower pole of the spleen shows heterogeneous appearance with hypodense areas in keeping within splenic rupture. Pelvic fluid: Large amount of pelvic and lower abdominal fluid is seen (density of 50-60 HU) in keeping with haemoperitoneum.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a regular thickening with enhancement of the sigmoid colon with small diverticula, pericolic fat stranding, and thickening of the parietal peritoneum. No adjacent extra-luminal gas or perisigmoid abscess seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Filling of the terminal external carotid artery branches bilaterally (in the scalp) with absent filling of intracranial arteries (carotid or vertebro-basilar).  Note gross brain swelling with loss of grey/white matter, obliteration of ventricles and basal cisterns and pseudo-SAH at the skull base.  Appearances are due to marked hypoxic-ischaemic injury and indicate brain death.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The right kidney is absent. The left kidney is normal in size and location. Right seminal vesicle cysts are noted with a small cystic tubular structure extending up from the ipsilateral seminal vesicle into the upper pelvic region, ending abruptly medial to the external iliac artery, indicating most likely an atretic ureter with an ectopic orifice into the right seminal vesicle. Diffuse hepatic steatosis is noted.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: There is a Type B aortic dissection extending from the distal aortic arch into the left common iliac artery associated with a large aneurysm of the proximal descending thoracic aorta. There is no active contrast leak identified. As already noted in the prior chest radiograph, there is a large left-sided pleural effusion with nearly complete collapse and consolidation of the left lung. This is highly likely to be secondary to rupture/leaking of the aneurysm. The major mesenteric vessels are noted to originate from the true lumen. The left renal artery shows reduced contrast filling and the left kidney is ischaemic.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Aggressive lesion with expansile and destruction, of the left scapula with an associated soft tissue component containing rings and arcs calcification. Multiple patchy nodular infiltrates with a tree-in-bud appearance are seen in both lungs, particularly in bilateral upper and left lower lobes. Mild bilateral apical pleural thickening.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: CT findings reveal two supraumbilical ventral abdominal wall hernias, through which mesenteric fat and omentum are herniating. Incidental finding of a small splenic cyst.There is the presence of a migrated IUCD, which is seen lying anterior to the uterus.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A near fluid density lesion is seen in the midline and right side of the upper retroperitoneum close to the right adrenal gland. The lesion displaces IVC and pancreatic head anteriorly and insinuates between the aorta and IVC. Celiac trunk, and its common hepatic and proximal splenic artery seem to be encased as well as proximal SMA. Multiple foci of calcification are seen scattered in the lesion. Faint perceptible minimal enhancement is suggested on delayed images.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Several small nodules in the right lobe of the thyroid, all less than 1 cm in size.Large volume right-sided and superior mediastinal lymphadenopathy.  The nodes enhance avidly with extensive cystic areas within.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial unenhanced CT image shows an oval area of fat attenuation and stranding adjacent to the left colon, a finding indicative of epiploic appendagitis. Colonic diverticulosis without inflammatory signs. No bowel thickening. Small left renal stone.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Displaced comminuted left clavicle fracture with an associated large left supraclavicular, infraclavicular and anterior chest wall/axillary haemorrhage with the haematoma extending intercostally and extra pleurally adjacent to the mediastinal pleura. The first part of the left axillary artery is irregular and there is a large anterior pseudoaneurysm. The remainder of the axillary artery and brachial artery opacify normally. The left common carotid and right brachiocephalic artery are normal in appearance.Trace of haemorrhage extending along the anterior upper mediastinal pleura. No periaortic haematoma. No traumatic aortic injury. No haemothorax or pneumothorax. Minor dependent lung changes, no pulmonary contusion or laceration.Left posterior 5th to 8th minimally displaced rib fractures and anterior 5th to 7th rib fractures adjacent to the costochondral junction. No scapular or sternal fracture. Left sternoclavicular joint is asymmetrically widened raising suspicion for traumatic capsular injury. Normal thoracic spine. IMPRESSION Left axillary artery pseudoaneurysm and large surrounding haematoma.Multiple left-sided rib fractures with 5th-7th rib flail segment. Comminuted and displaced left clavicle fracture. Suspected left sternoclavicular joint injury with no significant anterior or posterior subluxation.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Posterior dislocation of the left hip with lipohaemarthrosis and layering of blood products in the joint space. There was an associated posterior acetabular margin fracture displaced laterally and posteriorly.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Right frontal sinus expansion with relatively high attenuation content, it shows bony erosion in anterior and inferior boundaries, extends subcutaneously and into right orbit extraconal, causing regional mass effect and slightly displacing right globe downward.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Reformat demontrates the intimal flap attachment has torn superiorly and prolapsed through the aortic valve (simulating a heart-shape). Heart within a heart. :)


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Axial enhanced CT imaging of neck shows multiple collections filling the parapharyngeal space, submandibular space, pharyngeal mucosal space, anterior cervical space and retropharyngeal space from side-to-side.Axial enhanced CT images of upper thorax show fluid collection within posterior mediastinum tracking into the right middle mediastinum. The patient did not improve with IV antibiotics and required surgical drainage


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: The left globe is small in size with dystrophic calcification.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Magnified and windowed series demonstrating truncated arterial flow at the skull base.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Numerous intensely enhancing variable-sized focal lesions replacing whole liver in post-contrast arterial phase showing filling in the portal and delayed phases.  The liver is enlarged in size, crossing midline and lower pole of the right kidney. Bowel loops are displaced inferiorly.The normal appearance of the pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands was observed. The gall bladder is not visualized clearly. No dilatation of intra and extrahepatic biliary ducts is noted. No significant caliber changes in the abdominal aorta to suggest mid-aortic syndrome. No intraabdominal enlarged lymph node was apparent. No ascites.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Liver with normal size and regular contours. It is observed one mass located in segment VIII, measuring 4.2 x 4.2 cm, slightly hypodense compared to the parenchyma in non-contrast phase. It has arterial and venous contrast enhancement, more pronounced in the periphery, with hypodense halo on arterial phase. In delayed phase, it fades away and no washout seen. There are no signs of recent bleeding. Portal and hepatic veins are patent.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Large stone (2 x 1.5 cm) stacked in the gallbladder neck causing compression over the common hepatic duct and resultant intrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation.The gallbladder is not significantly dilated.Few small hepatic cysts are seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Contrast-enhanced CT chest-abdomen was done to rule out additional lesions/metastases, which were not found. Radiographs (not shown) were taken of the appendicular skeleton: no evidence of disease.The lesion in T12 shows homogeneous enhancement.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Multiple small hypodensities noted in liver adjacent dilated peripheral intrahepatic biliary radicals. Distal CBD calculous with biliary dilatation is seen.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: A tiny nodule was seen in the right middle lobe. A hypovascular mass of ampulla and associated marked dilatation of common bile duct and intrahepatic bile ducts. The pancreatic duct is prominent and not dilated.Normal fat planes preserved around major abdominal aortic branches. No sizable lymphadenopathy. The liver is average size and density with no definite suspicious focal lesions.The pancreatic head, neck, body and tail showing normal enhancement with no definite suspicious lesions seen Unremarkable CT features of the portal vein, spleen, adrenals, kidneys, urinary bladder, and visualized bowel loops.No ascites were seen.The visualized osseous structures showing small bony defect seen in the right iliac bone with an adjacent small bony projection which appearing of benign nature could be due to the previous operation for clinical history correlation with no definite suspicious bony lesions.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: In the omentum adjacent to the sigmoid colon there is an area of fat stranding with a lower density central ovoid lesion and a high-density dot. The features are characteristic of epiploic appendagitis.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: T4/5 level show sub-endplate erosive changes associated with irregular endplates with still preservation of the inter-vertebral disc space. Pre-vertebral and left para-vertebral soft tissue lesion showing air foci. Suspected related epidural extension.Left posterior partial pleural thickening associated with mild left pleural effusion.Minimal right partial pleural thickening.Bilateral posterior basal consolidation atelectasis, confluent at the left side.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Contrast-enhanced CT shows hypodense splenic laceration within the superolateral aspect of spleen does not involve the hilum. There are hyperdense areas due to an intraparenchymal hematoma on non-contrast images. The arterial phase demonstrates focal areas of high attenuation in the splenic parenchyma due to active extravasation.There is also hemorrhagic peritoneal free fluid (hemoperitoneum).Findings are consistent with grade 3 splenic injury.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: 4 cm defect in the epigastric portion of the linea alba forming a hernia containing transverse colon. Locules of gas are favoured to be within diverticulae.No evidence of bowel obstruction proximal to the ingoing transverse colon. Small bowel and colon enhance uniformly. No evidence of free gas or free fluid.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Well defined hypo-dense area in right MCA territory with deviation of eye towards opposite side.Age related cerebral atrophy also seen.Minimal collection seen in right maxillary and right sphenoid sinuses.


Question: <image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image><image>Given a series of medical images, describe the key abnormalities, including the anatomical regions involved, any unusual structures, densities, or masses, and suggest possible diagnoses based on these findings.

Response: Left perisylvian hypodensity in line with subacute ischemia of the MCA territory.Within the hypodensity two markedly hyperdense areas are visible with smudgy margins.