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STER — Multi-City Benchmark Builder v5 (parallel tile download).
1. Parallel download (ThreadPool, 16 workers) + extract 3DBAG CityJSON tiles
2. Batch-compute 25 properties (5000/batch) → parquet
3. Per-LoD joblib object_dicts + manifest.json
"""
import argparse, json, os, sys, time, logging, gzip
from pathlib import Path
from collections import defaultdict
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from urllib.request import urlretrieve
import flatgeobuf as fgb
CITY_BBOX = {
"rotterdam": (88000, 433000, 98000, 444000),
"amsterdam": (118000, 485000, 128000, 495000),
"utrecht": (132000, 453000, 140000, 461000),
"eindhoven": (158000, 380000, 168000, 390000),
"groningen": (232000, 580000, 240000, 588000),
"maastricht": (174000, 316000, 184000, 326000),
"hague": (76000, 450000, 86000, 460000),
}
CITY_BBOX["denhaag"] = CITY_BBOX["hague"]
BATCH_SIZE = 5000
DL_WORKERS = 16
logger = logging.getLogger("build")
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
h = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
h.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s'))
logger.addHandler(h)
def real_vertex(vi, vertices, transform):
s = transform["scale"]; t = transform["translate"]
vtx = vertices[vi]
return [s[0]*vtx[0]+t[0], s[1]*vtx[1]+t[1], s[2]*vtx[2]+t[2]]
def solid_to_polygon_mesh(boundaries, vertices, transform):
surfaces = []
for shell in boundaries:
for surf in shell:
if not surf: continue
ext = surf[0]
if len(ext) < 3: continue
surfaces.append([real_vertex(vi, vertices, transform) for vi in ext])
return surfaces
def extract_bag_pand_id(cityobj_id):
s = cityobj_id.replace("NL.IMBAG.Pand.", "")
parts = s.split("-")
return parts[0] if len(parts)>1 and parts[-1].isdigit() else s
def get_tile_index(bbox):
return fgb.HTTPReader('https://data.3dbag.nl/latest/tile_index.fgb', bbox=bbox)
def download_and_extract(tid, tiles_dir, min_surfaces):
"""Download ONE tile and extract buildings. Returns {bag_id: lod_data}."""
url = tid.properties['cj_download']
fname = Path(tiles_dir) / url.split('/')[-1]
if not fname.exists():
try:
urlretrieve(url, str(fname))
except Exception:
return {}
try:
with gzip.open(fname, 'rt') as f:
cj = json.load(f)
except Exception:
try:
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
cj = json.load(f)
except Exception:
return {}
vertices = cj.get("vertices", [])
transform = cj.get("transform", {"scale":[1,1,1],"translate":[0,0,0]})
buildings = defaultdict(lambda: {"lod12":[],"lod13":[],"lod22":[]})
for oid, obj in cj.get("CityObjects", {}).items():
if obj.get("type") != "BuildingPart": continue
bid = extract_bag_pand_id(oid)
for g in obj.get("geometry", []):
if g.get("type") == "Solid" and g.get("lod") in ("1.2","1.3","2.2"):
lk = f"lod{g['lod'].replace('.','')}"
pm = solid_to_polygon_mesh(g.get("boundaries",[]), vertices, transform)
if pm: buildings[bid][lk].extend(pm)
result = {}
for bid, lod in buildings.items():
c = lod["lod12"] + lod["lod13"] + lod["lod22"]
if len(c) >= min_surfaces:
result[bid] = {"lod12":lod["lod12"], "lod13":lod["lod13"], "lod22":lod["lod22"], "combined":c}
return result
def merge_buildings(target, source):
for bid, lod in source.items():
if bid in target:
for k in ("lod12","lod13","lod22"):
target[bid][k].extend(lod[k])
else:
target[bid] = lod
def mesh_record(surfaces):
if not surfaces: return None
uverts = np.unique(np.array([c for surf in surfaces for c in surf]), axis=0)
return {"polygon_mesh": surfaces, "vertices": uverts, "centroid": uverts.mean(axis=0)}
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def build_city(city, bbox, outdir, min_surfaces=10):
t0 = time.time()
logger.info(f"=== [{city}] bbox={bbox} ===")
outdir = Path(outdir)
tiles_dir = outdir / city / "tiles_cityjson"
tiles_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
tile_ids = list(get_tile_index(bbox))
n_total = len(tile_ids)
logger.info(f"[{city}] {n_total} tiles, {DL_WORKERS} parallel workers")
all_b = {}
done = 0
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=DL_WORKERS) as pool:
futures = {pool.submit(download_and_extract, tid, tiles_dir, min_surfaces): tid
for tid in tile_ids}
for fut in as_completed(futures):
try:
blds = fut.result()
merge_buildings(all_b, blds)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"[{city}] tile failed: {e}")
done += 1
if done % 10 == 0:
logger.info(f"[{city}] tiles={done}/{n_total} blds={len(all_b)}")
# Re-filter
all_b = {bid: d for bid, d in all_b.items()
if len(d["lod12"]+d["lod13"]+d["lod22"]) >= min_surfaces}
logger.info(f"[{city}] {len(all_b)} buildings after filter ({time.time()-t0:.0f}s)")
if not all_b:
logger.error("No buildings!")
return None
# Batch-compute properties
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
from object_properties import ObjectPropertiesProcessor, PROP_NAMES
ids = sorted(all_b.keys())
all_rows = []
n_batches = (len(ids) + BATCH_SIZE - 1) // BATCH_SIZE
logger.info(f"[{city}] Computing properties in {n_batches} batches...")
t_prop = time.time()
for bi in range(n_batches):
batch_ids = ids[bi*BATCH_SIZE:(bi+1)*BATCH_SIZE]
od = {"obj": {bid: mesh_record(all_b[bid]["combined"]) for bid in batch_ids}}
proc = ObjectPropertiesProcessor(od, vector_normalization=True)
side = proc.prop_vals_dict
for bid in batch_ids:
row = {"bag_id": bid,
"n_surfaces_lod12": len(all_b[bid]["lod12"]),
"n_surfaces_lod13": len(all_b[bid]["lod13"]),
"n_surfaces_lod22": len(all_b[bid]["lod22"]),
"n_surfaces_combined": len(all_b[bid]["combined"])}
for p in PROP_NAMES:
row[p] = side.get(p, {}).get("obj", {}).get(bid, None)
all_rows.append(row)
if (bi+1) % 10 == 0:
logger.info(f"[{city}] batch {bi+1}/{n_batches} ({time.time()-t_prop:.0f}s)")
prop_time = time.time() - t_prop
logger.info(f"[{city}] Properties done in {prop_time:.0f}s")
df = pd.DataFrame(all_rows)
out_city = outdir / city
out_city.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
df.to_parquet(out_city / "buildings.parquet", index=False)
logger.info(f"[{city}] Saved {len(df)} rows -> buildings.parquet")
import joblib
for lk in ("lod12","lod13","lod22"):
od = {bid: mesh_record(all_b[bid][lk]) for bid in ids if all_b[bid][lk]}
joblib.dump(od, out_city / f"object_dict_{lk}.joblib")
joblib.dump({bid: mesh_record(all_b[bid]["combined"]) for bid in ids},
out_city / "object_dict_combined.joblib")
manifest = {
"city": city, "bbox_epsg28992": list(bbox),
"min_surfaces_filter": min_surfaces,
"n_buildings": len(all_b), "n_tiles": n_total,
"property_names": PROP_NAMES,
"prop_compute_sec": round(prop_time, 1),
"elapsed_sec": round(time.time()-t0, 1),
"timestamp": time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"),
"lod_counts": {
"lod12": sum(1 for d in all_b.values() if d["lod12"]),
"lod13": sum(1 for d in all_b.values() if d["lod13"]),
"lod22": sum(1 for d in all_b.values() if d["lod22"]),
},
}
json.dump(manifest, open(out_city / "manifest.json","w"), indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
logger.info(f"[{city}] DONE {time.time()-t0:.0f}s — {len(all_b)} blds")
if __name__ == "__main__":
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("--city", type=str, default="all")
ap.add_argument("--outdir", type=str, default="data")
ap.add_argument("--min-surfaces", type=int, default=10)
ap.add_argument("--cities", type=str, nargs="*")
args = ap.parse_args()
if args.cities:
cities = args.cities
elif args.city == "all":
cities = ["amsterdam", "utrecht"]
else:
cities = [args.city]
outdir = Path(args.outdir)
if not outdir.is_absolute():
outdir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / outdir
for city in cities:
bbox = CITY_BBOX.get(city.lower())
if bbox is None:
logger.error(f"Unknown: {city}")
continue
try:
build_city(city, bbox, outdir, args.min_surfaces)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"[{city}] FAILED: {e}", exc_info=True)
logger.info("ALL DONE")
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