Datasets:

ArXiv:
File size: 13,312 Bytes
b4d7ac8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
# Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Sequence

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from monai.networks.layers.factories import Conv, Pad, Pool
from monai.networks.utils import icnr_init, pixelshuffle
from monai.utils import InterpolateMode, UpsampleMode, ensure_tuple_rep, look_up_option

__all__ = ["Upsample", "UpSample", "SubpixelUpsample", "Subpixelupsample", "SubpixelUpSample"]


class UpSample(nn.Sequential):
    """
    Upsamples data by `scale_factor`.
    Supported modes are:

        - "deconv": uses a transposed convolution.
        - "deconvgroup": uses a transposed group convolution.
        - "nontrainable": uses :py:class:`torch.nn.Upsample`.
        - "pixelshuffle": uses :py:class:`monai.networks.blocks.SubpixelUpsample`.

    This operation will cause non-deterministic when ``mode`` is ``UpsampleMode.NONTRAINABLE``.
    Please check the link below for more details:
    https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.use_deterministic_algorithms.html#torch.use_deterministic_algorithms
    This module can optionally take a pre-convolution
    (often used to map the number of features from `in_channels` to `out_channels`).
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        spatial_dims: int,
        in_channels: int | None = None,
        out_channels: int | None = None,
        scale_factor: Sequence[float] | float = 2,
        kernel_size: Sequence[float] | float | None = None,
        size: tuple[int] | int | None = None,
        mode: UpsampleMode | str = UpsampleMode.DECONV,
        pre_conv: nn.Module | str | None = "default",
        interp_mode: str = InterpolateMode.LINEAR,
        align_corners: bool | None = True,
        bias: bool = True,
        apply_pad_pool: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            spatial_dims: number of spatial dimensions of the input image.
            in_channels: number of channels of the input image.
            out_channels: number of channels of the output image. Defaults to `in_channels`.
            scale_factor: multiplier for spatial size. Has to match input size if it is a tuple. Defaults to 2.
            kernel_size: kernel size used during transposed convolutions. Defaults to `scale_factor`.
            size: spatial size of the output image.
                Only used when ``mode`` is ``UpsampleMode.NONTRAINABLE``.
                In torch.nn.functional.interpolate, only one of `size` or `scale_factor` should be defined,
                thus if size is defined, `scale_factor` will not be used.
                Defaults to None.
            mode: {``"deconv"``, ``"deconvgroup"``, ``"nontrainable"``, ``"pixelshuffle"``}. Defaults to ``"deconv"``.
            pre_conv: a conv block applied before upsampling. Defaults to "default".
                When ``conv_block`` is ``"default"``, one reserved conv layer will be utilized when
                Only used in the "nontrainable" or "pixelshuffle" mode.
            interp_mode: {``"nearest"``, ``"linear"``, ``"bilinear"``, ``"bicubic"``, ``"trilinear"``}
                Only used in the "nontrainable" mode.
                If ends with ``"linear"`` will use ``spatial dims`` to determine the correct interpolation.
                This corresponds to linear, bilinear, trilinear for 1D, 2D, and 3D respectively.
                The interpolation mode. Defaults to ``"linear"``.
                See also: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.Upsample.html
            align_corners: set the align_corners parameter of `torch.nn.Upsample`. Defaults to True.
                Only used in the "nontrainable" mode.
            bias: whether to have a bias term in the default preconv and deconv layers. Defaults to True.
            apply_pad_pool: if True the upsampled tensor is padded then average pooling is applied with a kernel the
                size of `scale_factor` with a stride of 1. See also: :py:class:`monai.networks.blocks.SubpixelUpsample`.
                Only used in the "pixelshuffle" mode.

        """
        super().__init__()
        scale_factor_ = ensure_tuple_rep(scale_factor, spatial_dims)
        up_mode = look_up_option(mode, UpsampleMode)

        if not kernel_size:
            kernel_size_ = scale_factor_
            output_padding = padding = 0
        else:
            kernel_size_ = ensure_tuple_rep(kernel_size, spatial_dims)
            padding = tuple((k - 1) // 2 for k in kernel_size_)  # type: ignore
            output_padding = tuple(s - 1 - (k - 1) % 2 for k, s in zip(kernel_size_, scale_factor_))  # type: ignore

        if up_mode == UpsampleMode.DECONV:
            if not in_channels:
                raise ValueError(f"in_channels needs to be specified in the '{mode}' mode.")
            self.add_module(
                "deconv",
                Conv[Conv.CONVTRANS, spatial_dims](
                    in_channels=in_channels,
                    out_channels=out_channels or in_channels,
                    kernel_size=kernel_size_,
                    stride=scale_factor_,
                    padding=padding,
                    output_padding=output_padding,
                    bias=bias,
                ),
            )
        elif up_mode == UpsampleMode.DECONVGROUP:
            if not in_channels:
                raise ValueError(f"in_channels needs to be specified in the '{mode}' mode.")

            if out_channels is None:
                out_channels = in_channels
            groups = out_channels if in_channels % out_channels == 0 else 1

            self.add_module(
                "deconvgroup",
                Conv[Conv.CONVTRANS, spatial_dims](
                    in_channels=in_channels,
                    out_channels=out_channels,
                    kernel_size=kernel_size_,
                    stride=scale_factor_,
                    padding=padding,
                    output_padding=output_padding,
                    groups=groups,
                    bias=bias,
                ),
            )
        elif up_mode == UpsampleMode.NONTRAINABLE:
            if pre_conv == "default" and (out_channels != in_channels):  # defaults to no conv if out_chns==in_chns
                if not in_channels:
                    raise ValueError(f"in_channels needs to be specified in the '{mode}' mode.")
                self.add_module(
                    "preconv",
                    Conv[Conv.CONV, spatial_dims](
                        in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=out_channels or in_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias
                    ),
                )
            elif pre_conv is not None and pre_conv != "default":
                self.add_module("preconv", pre_conv)  # type: ignore
            elif pre_conv is None and (out_channels != in_channels):
                raise ValueError(
                    "in the nontrainable mode, if not setting pre_conv, out_channels should equal to in_channels."
                )

            interp_mode = InterpolateMode(interp_mode)
            linear_mode = [InterpolateMode.LINEAR, InterpolateMode.BILINEAR, InterpolateMode.TRILINEAR]
            if interp_mode in linear_mode:  # choose mode based on dimensions
                interp_mode = linear_mode[spatial_dims - 1]
            self.add_module(
                "upsample_non_trainable",
                nn.Upsample(
                    size=size,
                    scale_factor=None if size else scale_factor_,
                    mode=interp_mode.value,
                    align_corners=align_corners,
                ),
            )
        elif up_mode == UpsampleMode.PIXELSHUFFLE:
            self.add_module(
                "pixelshuffle",
                SubpixelUpsample(
                    spatial_dims=spatial_dims,
                    in_channels=in_channels,
                    out_channels=out_channels,
                    scale_factor=scale_factor_[0],  # isotropic
                    conv_block=pre_conv,
                    apply_pad_pool=apply_pad_pool,
                    bias=bias,
                ),
            )
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"Unsupported upsampling mode {mode}.")


class SubpixelUpsample(nn.Module):
    """
    Upsample via using a subpixel CNN. This module supports 1D, 2D and 3D input images.
    The module is consisted with two parts. First of all, a convolutional layer is employed
    to increase the number of channels into: ``in_channels * (scale_factor ** dimensions)``.
    Secondly, a pixel shuffle manipulation is utilized to aggregates the feature maps from
    low resolution space and build the super resolution space.
    The first part of the module is not fixed, a sequential layers can be used to replace the
    default single layer.

    See: Shi et al., 2016, "Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution
    Using a nEfficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Network."

    See: Aitken et al., 2017, "Checkerboard artifact free sub-pixel convolution".

    The idea comes from:
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05158

    The pixel shuffle mechanism refers to:
    https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.PixelShuffle.html#torch.nn.PixelShuffle.
    and:
    https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/6340.

    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        spatial_dims: int,
        in_channels: int | None,
        out_channels: int | None = None,
        scale_factor: int = 2,
        conv_block: nn.Module | str | None = "default",
        apply_pad_pool: bool = True,
        bias: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            spatial_dims: number of spatial dimensions of the input image.
            in_channels: number of channels of the input image.
            out_channels: optional number of channels of the output image.
            scale_factor: multiplier for spatial size. Defaults to 2.
            conv_block: a conv block to extract feature maps before upsampling. Defaults to None.

                - When ``conv_block`` is ``"default"``, one reserved conv layer will be utilized.
                - When ``conv_block`` is an ``nn.module``,
                  please ensure the output number of channels is divisible ``(scale_factor ** dimensions)``.

            apply_pad_pool: if True the upsampled tensor is padded then average pooling is applied with a kernel the
                size of `scale_factor` with a stride of 1. This implements the nearest neighbour resize convolution
                component of subpixel convolutions described in Aitken et al.
            bias: whether to have a bias term in the default conv_block. Defaults to True.

        """
        super().__init__()

        if scale_factor <= 0:
            raise ValueError(f"The `scale_factor` multiplier must be an integer greater than 0, got {scale_factor}.")

        self.dimensions = spatial_dims
        self.scale_factor = scale_factor

        if conv_block == "default":
            out_channels = out_channels or in_channels
            if not out_channels:
                raise ValueError("in_channels need to be specified.")
            conv_out_channels = out_channels * (scale_factor**self.dimensions)
            self.conv_block = Conv[Conv.CONV, self.dimensions](
                in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=conv_out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=bias
            )

            icnr_init(self.conv_block, self.scale_factor)
        elif conv_block is None:
            self.conv_block = nn.Identity()
        else:
            self.conv_block = conv_block

        self.pad_pool: nn.Module = nn.Identity()

        if apply_pad_pool:
            pool_type = Pool[Pool.AVG, self.dimensions]
            pad_type = Pad[Pad.CONSTANTPAD, self.dimensions]

            self.pad_pool = nn.Sequential(
                pad_type(padding=(self.scale_factor - 1, 0) * self.dimensions, value=0.0),
                pool_type(kernel_size=self.scale_factor, stride=1),
            )

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Args:
            x: Tensor in shape (batch, channel, spatial_1[, spatial_2, ...).
        """
        x = self.conv_block(x)
        if x.shape[1] % (self.scale_factor**self.dimensions) != 0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Number of channels after `conv_block` ({x.shape[1]}) must be evenly "
                "divisible by scale_factor ** dimensions "
                f"({self.scale_factor}^{self.dimensions}={self.scale_factor**self.dimensions})."
            )
        x = pixelshuffle(x, self.dimensions, self.scale_factor)
        x = self.pad_pool(x)
        return x


Upsample = UpSample
Subpixelupsample = SubpixelUpSample = SubpixelUpsample