Title: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Desc: (1) All citizens shall have the right- (a) to freedom of speech and expression; (b) to assemble peaceably and without arms; (c) to form associations or unions 1 [or co-operative societies]; (d) to move freely throughout the territory of India; (e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; 2 and 3 (g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business. 4 (2) Nothing in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) shall affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the State from making any law, in so far as such law imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause in the interests of 5 the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence. (3) Nothing in sub-clause (b) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of 6 the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause. (4) Nothing in sub-clause (c) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of 7 the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order or morality, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause. (5) Nothing in 8 sub-clauses (d) and (e) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of any of the rights conferred by the said sub-clauses either in the interests of the general public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe. (6) Nothing in sub-clause (g) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the general public, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause, and, in particular, 9 nothing in the said sub-clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it relates to, or prevent the State from making any law relating to,- (i) the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practising any profession or carrying on any occupation, trade or business, or (ii) the carrying on by the State, or by a corporation owned or controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or otherwise. Inserted by Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act, 2011. Inserted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 , Section 2 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979). Sub-clause (f) omitted by Section 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 20-6-1979) Substituted by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 , Section 3, for Clause (2) (with retrospective effect) Inserted by the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963 , Section 2. Inserted by the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963 , Section 2. Inserted by the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963 , Section 2. Substituted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 , Section 2, for "sub-clauses (d), (e) and (f)" (w.e.f. 20-6-1979) Substituted by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 , Section 3, for certain words.


Title: Publication of preliminary notification and powers of officers thereupon
Desc: (1) Whenever it appears to the appropriate Government that land in any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose 1 [or for a company], a notification to that effect shall be published in the Official Gazette 2 [and in two daily newspapers circulating in that locality of which at least one shall be in the regional language] and the Collector shall cause public notice of the substance of such notification to be given at convenient places in the said locality 3 [the last of the dates of such publication and the giving of such public notice, being hereinafter referred to as the date of publication of the notification]. (2) Thereupon it shall be lawful for any officer, either, generally or specially authorised by such Government in this behalf, and for his servants and workmen, to enter upon and survey and take levels of any land in such locality; to dig or bore in the sub-soil; to do all other acts necessary to ascertain whether the land is adapted for such purpose; to set out the boundaries of the land proposed to be taken and the intended line of the work (if any) proposed to be made thereon; to mark such levels, boundaries and line by placing marks and cutting trenches, and, where otherwise the survey cannot be completed and the levels taken and the boundaries and line marked, to cut down and clear away any part of any standing crop, fence or jungle: Provided that no person shall enter into any building or upon any enclosed court or garden attached to a dwelling-house (unless with the consent of the occupier thereof) without previously giving such occupier at least seven days' notice in writing of his intention to do so. Inserted by section 4(a) of Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984 . Inserted by section 4(b) of Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984 , with effect from . 24-9-1984. Inserted by section 4(c) of Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984 , with effect from . 24-9-1984.


Title: Arbitration agreement or award to be contested by application
Desc: Any party to an arbitration agreement or any person claiming under him desiring to challenge the existence or validity of an arbitration agreement or an award or to have the effect of either determined shall apply to the Court and the Court shall decide that question on affidavits : Provided that where the Court deems it just and expedient, it may set down the application for hearing on other evidence also, and it may pass such orders for discovery and particulars as it may do in a suit.


Title: Power to stay legal proceedings where there is an arbitration agreement
Desc: Where any party to an arbitration agreement or any person claiming under him commences any legal proceedings against any other party to the agreement or any person claiming under him in respect of any matter agreed to be referred, any party to such legal proceedings may, at any time before filing a written statement or taking any other steps in the proceedings, apply to the judicial authority before which the proceedings are pending to stay the proceedings ; and if satisfied that there is no sufficient reason why the matter should not be referred in accordance with the arbitration agreement and that the applicant was, at the time when the proceedings were commenced, and still remains, ready and willing to do all things necessary to the proper conduct of the arbitration, such authority may make an order staying the proceedings.


Title: Past performance
Desc: Where any person contracts to transfer for consideration any immoveable property by writing signed by him or on his behalf from which the terms necessary to constitute the transfer can be ascertained with reasonable certainty, and the transferee has, in part performance of the contract, taken possession of the property or any part thereof, or the transferee, being already in possession, continues in possession in part performance of the contract and has done some act in furtherance of the contract, and the transferee has performed or is willing to perform his part of the contract, then, notwithstanding that2 where there is an instrument of transfer, that the transfer has not been completed in the manner prescribed therefor by the law for the time being in force, the transferor or any person claiming under him shall be debarred from enforcing against the transferee and persons claiming under him any right in respect of the property of which the transferee has taken or continued in possession, other than a right expressly provided by the terms of the contract: Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the rights of a transferee for consideration who has no notice of the contract or of the part performance thereof. Inserted by Act 20 of 1929 , Section 16. The words "the contract, though required to be registered, has not been registered, or," omitted by The Registration And Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001 with effect from 24.09.2001


Title: Power to summon persons to give evidence and produce documents
Desc: 1 [(1) Any gazetted officer of custom shall have power to summon any person whose attendance he considers necessary either to give evidence or to produce a document or any other thing in any inquiry which such officer is making under this Act.] (2) A summons to produce documents or other things may be for the production of certain specified documents or things or for the production of all documents or things of a certain description in the possession or under control of the person summoned, (3) All persons so summoned shall be bound to attend either in person or by an authorised agent as such officer may direct; and all persons so summoned shall be bound to state the truth upon any subject, respecting which they are examined or make statements and produce such documents and other things as may be required: Provided that the exemption under section 132 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), shall he applicable to any requisition for attendance under this section. (4) Every such inquiry as aforesaid shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of section 193 and section 228 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). Substituted by Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2006 w.e.f. 13-07-2006.


Title: Recording of confessions and statements
Desc: (1) Any Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate may, whether or not he has jurisdiction in the case, record any confession or statement made to him in the course of an investigation under this Chapter or under any other law for the time being in force, or at any time afterwards before the commencement of the inquiry or trial: 1 [Provided that any confession or statement made under this sub-section may also be recorded by audio-video electronic means in the presence of the advocate of the person accused of an offence: Provided further that no confession shall be recorded by a police officer on whom any power of a Magistrate has been conferred under any law for the time being in force.] (2) The Magistrate shall, before recording any such confession, explain to the person making it that he is not bound to make a confession and that, if he does so, it may be used as evidence against him; and the Magistrate shall not record any such confession unless, upon questioning the person making it, he has reason to believe that it is being made voluntarily. (3) If at any time before the confession is recorded, the person appearing before the Magistrate states that he is not willing to make the confession, the Magistrate shall not authorise the detention of such person in police custody. (4) Any such confession shall be recorded in the manner provided in section 281 for recording the examination of an accused person and shall be signed by the person making the confession; and the Magistrate shall make a memorandum at the foot of such record to the following effect:- "I have explained to (name) that he is not bound to make a confession and that, if he does so, any confession he may make may be used as evidence against him and I believe that this confession was voluntarily made. It was taken in my presence and hearing, and was read over to the person making it and admitted by him to be correct, and it contains a full and true account of the statement made by him. (Signed) A.B. Magistrate". (5) Any statement (other than a confession) made under sub-section (1) shall be recorded in such manner hereinafter provided for the recording of evidence as is, in the opinion of the Magistrate, best fitted to the circumstances of the case; and the Magistrate shall have power to administer oath to the person whose statement is so recorded. 2 [(5A)(a) In cases punishable under section 354, section 354A, section 354B, section 354C, section 354D, sub-section (7) or sub-section (2) of section 376, section 376A, section 376B, section 376C, section 376D, section 376E or section 509 of the Indian Penal Code, the Judicial Magistrate shall record the statement of the person against whom such offence has been committed in the manner prescribed in sub-section (5), as soon as the commission of the offence is brought to the notice of the police: Provided that if the person making the statement is temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled, the Magistrate shall take the assistance of an interpreter or a special educator in recording the statement: Provided further that if the person making the statement is temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled, the statement made by the person, with the assistance of an interpreter or a special educator, shall be videographed. (b) A statement recorded under clause (a) of a person, who is temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled, shall be considered a statement in lieu of examination-in-chief, as specified in section 137 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 such that the maker of the statement can be cross-examined on such statement, without the need for recording the same at the time of trial."] (6) The Magistrate recording a confession or statement under this section shall forward it to the Magistrate by whom the case is to be inquired into or tried. STATE AMENDMENT Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep: After sub-section (1) of section 164, the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:- "(1A) Where; in any island, there is no Judicial Magistrate for the time being, and the State Government is of opinion that it is necessary and expedient so to do that Government may, after consulting the High Court, specially empower any Executive Magistrate (not being a police officer), to exercise the powers conferred by sub-section (1) on a Judicial Magistrate, and thereupon references in section 164 to a Judicial Magistrate shall be construed as references to the Executive Magistrate so empowered." [Vide Regulation 1 of 1974, sec, 5 (w.e.f. 30-3-1974)]. Substituted by Section 13 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2008 Inserted by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013(13 of 2013), w.e.f. 03-02-2013.


Title: Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property
Desc: Whoever cheats and thereby dishonestly induces the person deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to make, alter or destroy the whole or any part of a valuable security, or anything which is signed or sealed, and which is capable of being converted into a valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.


Title: Forgery for purpose of cheating
Desc: Whoever commits forgery, intending that the 1 [document or electronic record forged] shall be used for the purpose of cheating, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Substituted by Act 21 of 2000, section 91 and Schedule I, for "document forged" (w.e.f. 17-10-2000).


Title: Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace
Desc: Whoever intentionally insults, and thereby gives provocation to any person, intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him to break the public peace, or to commit any other offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. Substituted by Act 4 of 1898, section 6, for the original section 505.


Title: Punishment for criminal intimidation
Desc: Whoever commits, the offence of criminal intimidation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both; If threat be to cause death or grievous hurt, etc.- and if the threat be to cause death or grievous hurt, or to cause the destruction of any property by fire, or to cause an offence punishable with death or 1 [imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, or to impute, unchastity to a woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with line, or with both. STATE AMENDMENT 2 Uttar Pradesh Imprisonment of 7 years, or fine or both-Cognizable-Non-bailable-Triable by Magistrate of the first class-N on-compoundable. Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, section 117 and Schedule, for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Vide Notification No. 777/VI1I 9-4(2)-87, dated 31st July, 1989, Published in U.P. Gazette, Extra., Pt. A, section (kha), dated 2nd August, 1989 .


Title: Punishment For forgery
Desc: Whoever commits forgery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.


Title: Control over subordinate courts
Desc: The control over district courts and courts subordinate thereto including the posting and promotion of, and the grant of leave to, persons belonging to the judicial service of a State and holding any post inferior to the post of district judge shall be vested in the High Court, but nothing in this Article shall be construed as taking away from any such person any right of appeal which he may have under the law regulating the conditions of his service or as authorising the High Court to deal with him otherwise than in accordance with the conditions of his service prescribed under such law.


Title: Report of police officer on completion of investigation
Desc: (1) Every investigation under this Chapter shall be completed without unnecessary delay. 1 [(1A) The investigation in relation to rape of a child may be completed within three months from the date on which the information was recorded by the officer in charge of the police station.] (2) (i) As soon as it is completed, the officer in charge of ihe police station shall forward to a Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence on a police report, a report in the form prescribed by the State Government, stating- (a) the names of the parties; (b) the nature of the information; (c) the names of the persons who appear to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case; (d) whether any offence appears to have been committed and, if so, by whom; (e) whether the accused has been arrested; (f) whether he has been released on his bond and, if so, whether with or without sureties; (g) whether he has been forwarded in custody under section 170. 2 [(h) whether the report of medical examination of the woman has been attached where investigation relates to an offence under section 376, 376A, 376B, 376C or 3 [376D or 376E of the Indian Penal Code .] (ii) The officer shall also communicate, in such manner as may be prescribed by the State Government, the action taken by him, to the person, if any whom the information relating to the commission of the offence was first given. (3) Where a superior officer of police has been appointed under section 158, the report, shall, in any case in which the State Government by general or special order so directs, be submitted through that officer, and he may, pending the orders of the Magistrate, direct the officer in charge of the police station to make further investigation. (4) Whenever it appears from a report forwarded under this section that the accused has been released on his bond, the Magistrate shall make such order for the discharge of such bond or otherwise as he thinks fit. (5) When such report is in respect of a case to which section 170 applies, the police officer shall forward to the Magistrate along with the report- (a) all documents or relevant extracts thereof on which the prosecution proposes to rely other than those already sent to the Magistrate during investigation; (b) the statements recorded under section 161 of all the persons whom the prosecution proposes to examine as its witnesses. (6) If the police officer is of opinion that any part of any such statement is not relevant to the subject-matter of the proceeding or that its disclosure to the accused is not essential in the interests of justice and is inexpedient in the public interest, he shall indicate that part of the statement and append a note requesting the Magistrate to exclude that part from the copies to be granted to the accused and stating his reasons for making such request. (7) Where the police officer investigating the case finds it convenient so to do, he may furnish to the accused copies of all or any of the documents referred to in sub-section (5) . (8) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preclude further investigation in respect of an offence after a report under sub-section (2) has been forwarded to the Magistrate and, where upon such investigation, the officer in charge of the police station obtains further evidence, oral or documentary, he shall forward to the Magistrate a further report or reports regarding, such evidence in the form prescribed; and the provisions of sub-sections (2) to (6) shall, as far as may be, apply in relation to such report or reports as they apply in relation to a report forwarded under sub-section (2) . Inserted by Section 16 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2008 Inserted by Section 16 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2008 Substituted by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (13 of 2013), w.e.f. 03-02-2013.


Title: Report of police-officer
Desc: State(s): Delhi, Orissa, Punjab, West Bengal 1 [(1) Every investigation under this Chapter shall be completed without unnecessary delay, and, as soon as it is completed, the officer in charge of the police-station shall- (a) forward to a Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence on a police-report a report, in the form prescribed by the State Government, setting forth the names of the parties, the nature of the information and the names of the persons who appear to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case, and stating whether the accused (if arrested) has been forwarded in custody or has been released on his bond, and, if so, whether with or without sureties, and (b) communicate, in such manner as may be prescribed by the State Government, the action taken by him to the person, if any, by whom the information relating to the commission of the offence was first given.] (2) Where a superior officer of police has been appointed under section 158, the report shall, in any cases in which the State Government by general or special order so directs, be submitted through that officer, and he may, pending the orders of the Magistrate, direct the officer in charge of the police-station to make further investigation. (3) Whenever it appears from a report forwarded under this section that the accused has been released on his bond, the Magistrate shall make such order for the discharge of such bond or otherwise as he thinks fit. 2 [(4) After forwarding a report under this section, the officer in charge of the police-station shall, before the commencement of the inquiry or trial, furnish or cause to be furnished to the accused, free of cost, a copy of the report forwarded under sub-section (1) and of the first information report recorded under section 154 and of all other documents or relevant extracts thereof, on which the prosecution proposes to rely, including the statements and confessions, if any, recorded under section 164 and the statements recorded under sub-section (3) of section 161 of all the persons whom the prosecution proposes to examine as its witnesses. (5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4), if the police-officer is of opinion that any part of the statement recorded under sub-section (3) of section 161 is not relevant to the subject- matter of the inquiry or trial or that its disclosure to the accused is not essential in the interests of justice and is inexpedient in the public interests, he shall exclude such part from the copy of the statement furnished to the accused and in such a case, he shall make a report to the Magistrate stating his reasons for excluding such part: Provided that at the commencement of the inquiry or trial, the Magistrate shall, after perusing the part so excluded and considering the report of the police-officer, pass such orders as he thinks fit and if he so directs, a copy of the part so excluded or such portion thereof, as he thinks proper, shall be furnished to the accused.] Substituted by Act 18 of 1923, s. 40, for the original sub-section (1). Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, s. 23, for the former sub-section (4) which was ins. by Act 18 of 1923, s. 40.


Title: Criminal misconduct by a public servant
Desc: (1) A public servant is said to commit the offence of criminal misconduct,- (a) if he habitually accepts or obtains or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain from any person for himself or for any other person any gratification other than legal remuneration as a motive or reward such as is mentioned in section 7; or (b) if he habitually accepts or obtains or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain for himself or for any other person, any valuable thing without consideration or for a consideration which he knows to be inadequate from any person whom he knows to have been, or to be, or to be likely to be concerned in any proceeding or business transacted or about to be transacted by him, or having any connection with the official functions of himself or of any public servant to whom he is subordinate, or from any person whom he knows to be interested in or related to the person so concerned; or (c) if he dishonestly or fraudulently misappropriates or otherwise converts for his own use any property entrusted to him or under his control as a public servant or allows any other person so to do; or (d) if he,- (i) by corrupt or illegal means, obtains for himself or for any other person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage; or (ii) by abusing his position as a public servant, obtains for himself or for any other person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage; or (iii) while holding office as a public servant, obtains for any person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage without any public interest; or (e) if he or any person on his behalf, is in possession or has, at any time during the period of his office, been in possession for which the public servant cannot satisfactorily account, of pecuniary resources or property disproportionate to his known sources of income. Explanation.-For the purposes of this section, "known sources of income" means income received from any lawful source and such receipt has been intimated in accordance with the provisions of any law, rules or orders for the time being applicable to a public servant. (2) Any public servant who commits criminal misconduct shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less than 1 [four years] but which may extend to 2 [ten years] and shall also be liable to fine. Substituted by the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 (1 of 2014) for the words "one year". Substituted by the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 (1 of 2014) for the words "seven years".


Title: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
Desc: The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.


Title: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
Desc: Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 335, voluntarily causes grievous hurt by means of any instrument for shooting, stabbing or cutting, or any instrument which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, or by means of fire or any heated substance, or by means of any poison or any corrosive substance, or by means of any explosive substance, or by means of any substance which it is deleterious to the human body to inhale, to swallow, or to receive into the blood, or by means of any animal, shall be punished with 1 [imprisonment For life], or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, section 117 and Schedule, for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956).


Title: Powers to control production, supply, distribution, etc., of essential commodities
Desc: (1) If the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do for maintaining or increasing supplies of any essential commodity or for securing their equitable distribution and availability at fair prices, 1 [or for securing any essential commodity for the defence of India or the efficient conduct of military operations], it may, by order, provide for regulating or prohibiting the production, supply and distribution thereof and trade and commerce therein. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), an order made thereunder may provide- (a) for regulating by licences, permits or otherwise the production or manufacture of any essential commodity; (b) for bringing under cultivation any waste or arable land, whether appurtenant to a building or not, for the growing thereon of food-crops generally or of specified food-crops, and for otherwise maintaining or increasing the cultivation of food-crops generally, or of specified food-crops. (c) for controlling the price at which essential commodity may be bought or sold; (d) for regulating by licences, permits or otherwise the storage, transport, distribution, disposal, acquisition use or consumption of, any essential commodity; (e) for prohibiting the withholding from sale of any essential commodity ordinarily kept for sale; 2 [(f) for requiring any person holding in stock, or engaged in the production, or in the business of buying or selling, of any essential commodity,- (a) to sell the whole or a specified part of the quantity held in stock or produced or received by him or, (b) in the case of any such commodity which is likely to be produced or received by him, to sell the whole or a specified part of such commodity when produced or received by him, (c) to the Central Government or a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to a Corporation owned or controlled by such Government or to such other person or class of persons and in such circumstances as may be specified in the order. Explanation 1: An order made under this clause in relation to food-grains, edible oilseeds or edible oils, may, having regard to the estimated production, in the concerned area, of such food grains, edible oilseeds and edible oils, fix the quantity to be sold by the producers in such area and may also fix, or provide for the fixation of, such quantity on a graded basis, having regard to the aggregate of the area held by, or under the cultivation of, the producers. Explanation 2-For the purposes of this clause, "production" with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions includes manufacture of edible oils and sugar;] (g) for regulating or prohibiting any class of commercial or financial transactions relating to foodstuffs 3 [...] which, in the opinion of the authority making the order, are, or, if unregulated, are likely to be, detrimental to the public interest; (h) for collecting any information or statistics with a view to regulating or prohibiting any of the aforesaid matters; (i) for requiring persons engaged in the production, supply or distribution of or trade and commerce in, any essential commodity to maintain and produce for inspection such books, accounts and records relating to their business and to furnish such information relating thereto, as may be specified in the order; 4 [(ii) for the grant or issue of licences, permits or other documents, the charging of fees therefor, the deposit of such sum, if any, as may be specified in the order as security for the due performance of the conditions of any such licence, permit or other document, the forfeiture of the sum so deposited or any part thereof for contravention of any such conditions, and the adjudication of such forfeiture by such authority as may be specified in the order;] 5 [(j) for any incidental and supplementary matters, including, in particular, the entry, search or examination of premises, aircraft, vessels, vehicles or other conveyances and animals, and the seizure by a person authorised to make such entry, search or examination.] (i) of any articles in respect of which such person has reason to believe that a contravention of the order has been, is being, or is about to be committed and any packages, coverings or receptacles in which such articles are found; (ii) of any aircraft, vessel, vehicle or other conveyance or animal used in carrying such article, if such person has reason to believe that such aircraft, vessel, vehicle or other conveyance or animal is liable to be forfeited under the provisions of this Act: 6 [(iii) of any books of accounts and documents which in the opinion of such person, may be useful for, or relevant to, any proceeding under this Act and the person from whose custody such books of accounts or documents are seized shall be entitled to make copies thereof or to take extracts therefrom in the presence of an officer having the custody of such books of accounts or documents.] (3) Where any person sells any essential commodity in compliance with an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2), there shall be paid to him the price therefor as hereinafter provided: (a) where the price can, consistently with the controlled price, if any, fixed under this section, be agreed upon, the agreed price; (b) where no such agreement can be reached, the price calculated with reference to the controlled price, if any; (c) where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the price calculated at the market rate prevailing in the locality at the date of sale. 7 [(3A) (i) If the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary so to do for controlling the rise in prices or preventing the hoarding, of any food-stuff in any locality, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), the price at which the food-stuff shall be sold in the locality in compliance with an order made with reference to clause (f) of subsection (2) shall be regulated in accordance with the provisions of this sub-section. (ii) Any notification issued under this sub-section shall remain in force for such period not exceeding three months as may be specified in the notification. (iii) Where, after the issue of a notification under this sub-section, any person sells foodstuff of the kind specified therein and in the locality so specified, in compliance with an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (20), there shall be paid to the seller as the price therefor- (a) where the price can, consistently with the controlled price of the foodstuff, if any, fixed under this section, be agreed upon, the agreed price: (b) where no such agreement can be reached, the price calculated with reference to the controlled price, if any; (c) where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the price calculated with reference to average market rate prevailing in the locality during the period of three months immediately preceding the date of the notification. (iv) For the purposes of sub-clause (c) of clause (iii), the average market rate prevailing in the locality shall be determined by an officer authorised by the Central Government in this behalf, with reference to the prevailing market rates for which published figures are available in respect of that locality or of a neighbouring locality; and the average market rate so determined shall be final and shall not be called in question in any court.] 8 [(3B) Where any person is required, by an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2), to sell to the Central Government or a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to a Corporation owned or controlled by such Government, any grade or variety of food grains, edible oilseeds or edible oils in relation to which no notification has been issued under sub-section (3A), or such notification having been issued, has ceased to be in force, there shall be paid to the person concerned, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in subsection (3), an amount equal to the procurement price of such foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils, as the case may be, specified by the State Government, with the previous approval of the Central Government having regard to - (a) the controlled price, if any, fixed under this section or by or under any other law for the time being in force for such grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils; (b) the general crop prospects; (c) the need for making such grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils available at reasonable prices to the consumers, particularly the vulnerable sections of the consumers; and (d) the recommendations, if any, of the Agricultural Prices Commission with regard to the price of the concerned grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils.] 9 [(3C) Where any producer is required by an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2) to sell any kind of sugar (whether to the Central Government or to a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to any other person or class of persons) whether a notification was issued under sub-section (3A) or otherwise, then, notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), there shall be paid to that producer only such amount as the Central Government may, by order, determine, having regard to- (a) the fair and remunerative price, if any, determined by the Central Government as the price of sugarcane to be taken into account under this section; (b) the manufacturing cost of sugar; (c) the duty or tax, if any, paid or payable thereon; and (d) a reasonable return on the capital employed in the business of manufacturing of sugar: Provided that the Central Government may determine different prices, from time to time, for different areas or factories or varieties of sugar: Provided further that where any provisional determination of price of levy sugar has been done in respect of sugar produced up to the sugar season 2008-2009, the final determination of price may be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of this sub-section as it stood immediately before the 1st day of October, 2009. 10 [Explanation I.-For the purposes of this sub-section:- (a) "fair and remunerative price" means the price of sugarcane determined by the Central Government under this section; (b) "manufacturing cost of sugar" means the net cost incurred on conversion of sugarcane into sugar including net cost of transportation of sugarcane from the purchase centre to the factory gate, to the extent it is borne by the producer; (c) "producer" means a person carrying on the business of manufacturing sugar; (d) "reasonable return on the capital employed" means the return on net fixed assets plus working capital of a producer in relation to manufacturing of sugar including procurement of sugarcane at a fair and remunerative price determined under this section.] 11 [Explanation II.-For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the expressions 'fair and remunerative price' referred to in clause (a), 'manufacturing cost of sugar' referred to in clause (b) and 'reasonable return on the capitalemployed' referred to in clause (d), of this sub-section do not include the pricepaid or payable under any order or any enactment of any State Government and any price agreed to between theproducer and the grower or a sugarcane growers' co-operative society.] 12 [(3D) The Central Government may direct that no producer, importer or exporter shall sell or otherwise dispose of or deliver any kind of sugar or remove any kind of sugar from the bonded godowns of the factory in which it is produced, whether such godowns are situated within the premises of the factory or outside or from the warehouses of the importers or exporters, as the case may be except under and in accordance with the direction issued by the Government: Provided that this sub-section shall not affect the pledging of such sugar by any producer or importer in favour of any scheduled bank as defined in clause (e) of section 2 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 or any corresponding new bank constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), so, however, that no such hank shall sell the sugar pledged to it except under and in accordance with a direction issued by the Central Government. (3E) The Central Government may, from time to time, by general or special order, direct any producer or importer or exporter or recognised dealer or any class of producers or recognised dealers, to take action regarding production, maintenance of stocks, storage, sale, grading, packing, marking, weighment, disposal, delivery and distribution of any kind of sugar in the manner specified in the direction. Explanation.-For the purposes of sub-section (3D) and this sub-section,-- (a) "producer" means a person carrying on the business of manufacturing sugar; (b) "recognised dealer' means a person carrying on the business of purchasing, selling or distributing sugar; (c) "sugar" includes plantation while sugar, raw sugar and refined sugar. whether indigenously produced or imported.] (4) If the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary so to do for mainting or increasing the production and supply of an essential commodity, it may, by order, authorize any person (hereinafter referred to as an authorized controller) to exercise, with respect to the whole or any part of any such undertaking engaged in the production and supply of the commodity as may be specified in the order such functions of control as may be provided therein and so long as such order is in force with respect to any undertaking or part thereof,- (a) the authorized controller shall exercise his functions in accordance with any instructions given to him by the Central Government, so, however, that he shall not have any power to give any direction inconsistent with the provisions of any enactment or any instrument determining the functions of the persons in-charge of the management of the undertaking, except in so far as may be specifically provided by the order; and (b) the undertaking or part shall be carried on in accordance with any directions given by the authorised controller under the provisions of the order, and any person having any functions of management in relation to the undertaking or part shall comply with any such directions. 13 [...] (5) An order made under this section shall,- (a) in the case of an order of a general nature or affecting a class of persons, be notified in the Official Gazette; and (b) in the case of an order directed to a specified individual be served on such individual- (i) by delivering or tendering it to that individual, or (ii) if it cannot be so delivered or tendered, by affixing it on the outer door or some other conspicuous part of the premises in which that individual lives, and a written report there of shall be prepared and witnessed by two persons living in the neighbourhood. (6) Every order made under this section by the Central Government or by any officer or authority of the Central Government shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament, as soon as may be, after it is made. STATE AMENDMENTS 14 Bihar In section 3,-- (i) in sub-section (2), for clause (f), substitute the following clause which shall be deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(f) for requiring any person holding in stock, or engaged in the manufacture or production of, or in the business of buying or selling any essential commodity to sell the whole or a specified part of the quantity held in stock or produced or caused to be produced or likely to be manufactured or produced or caused to be produced by him or received or likely to be received by him in the course of the said business, to the Central Government or a State Government or to such other person or class of persons and in such circumstances as may be specified in the order. Explanation.--An order relating to foodgrains made with reference to this clause,-- (i) may specify the prices, fixed by the Central/State Government in this behalf, after taking into account the recommendations, if any of the Agricultural Prices Commission and with the prior concurrence of the Central Government as the amount which shall be paid for the foodgrain required to be sold under the order, (ii) may fix or provide for the fixation of the quantity to be sold by a producer with reference to the area under cultivation and the availability of irrigation for production of the particular foodgrain which the order relates, and also fix or provide for the fixation of such quantities on a graded basis having regard to the aggregate area held by or under the cultivation of different producers." (ii) in sub-section (3), for clause (c), substitute the following clauses which shall be deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(c) in the case of foodgrains, where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the price, if any specified in the said order; (d) where neither clause (a), nor clause (b), nor clause (c) applies, the price calculated at the market rate prevailing in the locality at the date of sale." (iii) in sub-section (3B), after clause (a), insert the following clause which shall be deemed always to have been inserted, namely:-- "(aa) in the case of foodgrains, where no controlled price is fixed by an order made with reference to clause (c) of sub-section (2), the amount specified in the said order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2) for such grade or variety of foodgrains; or" 15 Maharashtra In section 3,-- (a) in sub-section (2), for clause (f), substitute the following clause which shall be deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(f) for requiring any person holding in stock, or likely to hold in stock, or engaged in the manufacture or production or processing of, or in the business of buying or selling, any essential commodity, to sell, the whole or a specified part of the quantity of the essential commodity held in stock or likely to be held in stock by him or manufactured or produced or processed or likely to be manufactured or produced or processed by him or received or likely to be received by him in his business of buying or selling to the Central Government or the State Government or to an officer or agent of any Government or to such other person or class of persons and in such circumstances as may be specified in the order. Explanation.--An order made under this clause in respect of foodgrains may fix or provide for fixation of the quantity to be sold by a producer with reference to the nature and extent of his holding or the land revenue payable by him with certain weightages which may be prescribed for certain crops or lands enjoying irrigation or other facilities and also fix or provide for fixation of the quantity to be sold on a graded basis having regard to the size of the holdings of different producers." (b) In sub-section (3), for clause (c), substitute the following clause which shall be deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(c) where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, in the case of foodgrains, the amount, if any, specified in or calculated in accordance with the order made under clause (f) of sub-section (2) read with sub-section (3B), and in the case of any other essential commodity, the price calculated at the market rate prevailing in the locality at the date of sale." (c) for sub-section (3B), substitute the following sub-section which shall be deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(3B) where, by an order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2), any person is required to sell any grade or variety or foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils to the Central Government or a State Government or an officer or agent of such Government or a corporation owned or controlled by such Government or to a person or class of persons specified in the order, and either no notification in respect of such foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils has been issued under sub-section (3A) or any such notification having been issued, has ceased to remain in force by efflux of time then, notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), there shall be paid to the person concerned an amount determined by the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be,-- (a) having regard to the Controlled price, if any, fixed under this section or by or under any law for the time being in force for such grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oilseeds or edible oils, or (b) having regard to the prices recommended by the Agricultural Prices Commission for the concerned essential commodity, where no controlled price in relation to such commodity, has been fixed by or under any law [ for the time being in force. 16 Orissa In section 3,-- (a) in sub-section (2), for clause (f), substitute the following clause which shall be deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(f) for requiring any person holding in stock or engaged in the manufacture or production of, or in the business of buying or selling, any essential commodity to sell the whole or a specified part of the quantity held in stock or manufactured or produced or caused to be produced or likely to be manufactured or produced or caused to be produced by him or received or likely to be received by him in the course of the said business, to the Central Government or a State Government or to an officer or agent of such Government or to such other person or class of persons and in such circumstances as may be specified in the order. Explanation.--An order relating to foodgrains made with reference to this clause,-- (i) may specify the prices, fixed by the State Government in this behalf, after taking into account the recommendations, if any, of the Agricultural Prices Commission and with the prior concurrence of the Central Government, as the amount which shall be paid for the foodgrain required to be sold under the order, (ii) may fix or provide for the fixation of the quantity to be sold by a producer with reference to the area under cultivation and the availability of irrigation for production of the particular foodgrain to which the order relates, and also fix or provide for the fixation of such quantities on a graded basis having regard to the aggregate area held by or under the cultivation of different producers." (b) in sub-section (3), for clause (c), substitute the following clauses which shall be Food deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(c) in the case of foodgrains, where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the price, if any, specified in the said order; (d) where neither clause (a) nor (b), nor (c) applies, the price calculated at the market rate prevailing in the locality at the date of sale." (c) in sub-section (3B), after clause (i), insert the following clause which shall be deemed always to have been inserted, namely:-- "(ia) in the case of foodgrains, where no controlled price is fixed by an order made with reference to clause (c) of sub-section (2), the amount specified in the said Order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2) for such grade or variety of foodgrains; or" Uttar Pradesh In section 3,-- 17 [(i) in sub-section (2), in clause (f), for Explanation 1, substitute the following Explanation, namely:-- "Explanation 1.--An order made under this clause in relation to rice, having regard to the milling capacity of a rice mill, fix the quantity to be sold by the licensed miller and may also fix or provide for the fixation of such quantity on a graded basis."] 18 [(ii) in sub-section (2), after clause (f), insert the following clause, namely:-- "(ff) for preventing the hoarding of any essential commodity;"] 19 [(iii) in sub-section (3), for clause (c), substitute the following clauses which shall be deemed always to have been substituted, namely:-- "(c) in the case of foodgrains, where neither clause (a) nor clause (b) applies, the amount, if any, specified in the said order made with reference to clause (f) of sub-section (2); (d) where neither clause (a), nor clause (b), nor clause (c) applies, the price calculated, at the market rate prevailing in the locality at the date of sale."] Inserted by Act 36 of 1967 , section 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1967). Clause (f) as Substituted by Act 28 of 1957 , section 2 (w.e.f. 17-9-1957) and again Substituted by Act 92 of 1976 , section 3 (w.e.f. 2-9-1976). Omitted the following "or cotton textiles" by the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2006 , with effect from . 12.02.2007. Inserted by Act 17 of 1961 , section 2 (w.e.f. 10-5-1961). Substituted by Act 66 of 1971 , section 2 for clause (j) (w.e.f. 23-12-1971). Substituted by Act 92 of 1976 , section 3, for sub-clause (iii) (w.e.f. 2-9-1976). Inserted by Act 13 of 1957 , section 2 (w.e.f. 4-6-1957). Sub-section (3B) inserted by Act 25 of 1966 , section 2 (w.e.f. 3-9-1966) and Substituted by Act 92 of 1976 , section 3 (w.e.f. 2-9-1976). Substituted by the Essential Commodities (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2009 w.r.e.f.01-10-2009 Explanation renumbered as Explanation I tereof by Act 35 of 2010 w.r.e.f. 1-10-2009. Inserted by Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2010 w.r.e.f. 1-10-2009. Inserted by Act 37 of 2003 section 2 (w.r.e.f. 14.06.1999). Sub-sections 4A, 4B and 4C as inserted by Act 14 of 1967 w.e.f. 1-4-1967 ceased to have effect from 31-3-1968. Vide Bihar Act 9 of 1978 , section 3 (w.e.f. 6-9-1978). Vide Maharashtra Act 1 of 1976 , section 3 (w.r.e.f. 12-11-1975). Vide Orissa Act 8 of 1976 , section 2 (w.e.f. 29-3-1976). Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 16 of 1978 , section 3 (2) w.e.f.27-4-1978. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 9 of 1974 , section 2. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 18 of 1975 , section 3 (b).


Title: How much of information received from accused may be proved
Desc: Provided that, when any fact is deposed to as discovered in consequence of information received from a person accused of any offence, in the custody of a police officer, so much of such information, whether it amounts to a confession or not, as relates distinctly to the fact thereby discovered, may be proved.


Title: Punishment for robbery
Desc: Whoever commits robbery shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the robbery be committed on the highway between sunset and sunrise, the imprisonment may be extended to fourteen years.


Title: Definition
Desc: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, "the State" includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.


Title: Punishment for criminal breach of trust
Desc: Whoever commits criminal breach of trust shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.


Title: Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty
Desc: Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman, intending to outrage or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby outrage her modesty, 1 [shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine]. STATE AMENDMENTS 2 Andhra Pradesh for section 354, the following section shall be substituted, namely- 354. Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman intending to outrage or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby outrage her modesty, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than five years but which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine: Provided that the court may for adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment of either description for a term which may be less than five years but which shall not be less than two years. 3 Orissa In the First Schedule to the code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 in the entry under column 5 relating to section 354 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 for the word 'bailable' the word 'non-bailable' shall be substituted. Substituted by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (13 of 2013), w.e.f. 03-02-2013. Vide Andhra Pradesh Act 6 of 1991. Vide Orissa Act 6 of 1995, section 3 (w.e.f. 10-3-1995).


Title: Statements to police not to be signed; use of such - statements in evidence1
Desc: State(s): Delhi, Orissa, Punjab, West Bengal 1 (1) No statement made by any person to a police-officer in the course of an investigation under this Chapter shall, if reduced into writing, be signed by the person making it; nor shall any such statement or any record thereof, whether in a police diary or otherwise, or any part of such statement or record, be used for any purpose (save as hereinafter provided) at any inquiry or trial in respect of any offence under investigation at the time when such statement was made : Provided that when any witness, is called for the prosecution in such inquiry or trial whose statement has been reduced into writing as aforesaid, any part of his statement, if duly proved, may be used by the accused, and with the permission of the Court, by the prosecution, to contradict such witness in the manner provided by section 145 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and when any part of such statement is so used, any part thereof may also be used in the re-examination of such witness, but for the purpose only of explaining any matter referred to in his cross-examination. (2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to apply to any statement falling within the provisions of section 32, clause (1) of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, or to affect the provisions of section 27 of that Act.] Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, s. 22.


Title: Statements to police not to be signed: Use of statements in evidence
Desc: [(1) No statement made by any person to a police officer in the course of an investigation under this Chapter, shall, if reduced to writing, be signed by the person making it; nor shall any such statement or any record thereof, whether in a police diary or otherwise, or any part of such statement or record, be used for any purpose, save as hereinafter provided, at any inquiry or trial in respect of any offence under investigation at the time when such statement was made: Provided that when any witness is called for the prosecution in such inquiry or trial whose statement has been reduced into writing as aforesaid, any part of his statement, if duly proved, may be used by the accused, and with the permission of the Court, by the prosecution, to contradict such witness in the manner provided by section 145 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872) ; and when any part of such statement is so used, any part thereof may also be used in the re-examination of such witness, but for the purpose only of explaining any matter referred to in his cross-examination.] (2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to apply to any statement falling within the provisions of clause (1) of section 32 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872), or to affect the provisions of section 27 of that Act. Explanation.-An omission to state a fact or circumstance in the statement referred to in sub-section (1) may amount to contradiction if the same appears to be significant and otherwise relevant having regard to the context in which such omission occurs and whether any omission amounts to a contradiction in the particular context shall be a question of fact.


Title: Dacoity with murder
Desc: If any one of five or more persons, who are conjointly committing dacoity, commits murder in so committing dacoity, every one of those persons shall be punished with death, or 1 [imprisonment for life], or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, section 117 and Schedule, for "transportation for life" (w.e.f.1-1-1956).


Title: Lists of common and special jurors
Desc: State(s): Delhi, Orissa, Punjab, West Bengal (1) The 1 [Clerk of the State] shall, before the first day of April in each year, and subject to such rules as the High Court from time to time prescribes, prepare - (a) a list of all persons liable to serve as common jurors ; and (b) a list of persons liable to serve as special jurors only. (2) Regard shall be had, in the preparation of the latter list, to the property, character and education of the persons whose names are entered therein. (3) No person shall be entitled to have his name entered in the special jurors' list merely because he may have been entered in the special jurors' list for a previous year. 2 [(4) The State Government may exempt any salaried servant of the Government from serving as a juror.] (5) Discretion of officer preparing lists : The 3 [Clerk of the State] shall, subject to such rules as aforesaid, have full discretion to prepare the said list as seems to him to be proper, and there shall be no appeal from, or review of, his decision. Substituted by the A.O. 1950 for " Clerk of the Crown ". Substituted by the A.O. 1937 for the original sub-section (4). Substituted by the A.O. 1950 for " Clerk of the Crown ".


Title: Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences
Desc: The provisions of this Code apply also to any offence committed by- 2 [(1) any citizen of India in any place without and beyond India; (2) any person on any ship or aircraft registered in India wherever it may be.] 3 [Explanation-In this section- (a) the word "offence" includes every act committed outside India which, if committed in India, would be punishable under this Code; (b) the expression "computer resource" shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (k) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000(21 of 2000).'] 4 [(3) any person in any place without and beyond India committing offence targeting a computer resource located in India."] 5 [Illustration] 6 [...] A, 7 [who is 8 [a citizen of India]], commits a murder in Uganda. He can be tried and convicted of murder in any place in 9 [India] in which he may he found. 10 [...] Substituted by Act 4 of 1898, section 2, for the original section. Substituted by the A.O. 1950, for clauses (1) to (4). Substituted vide IT Amendment Act, 2008 previous text was :- "Explanation - In this section the word "offence" includes every act committed outside India which, if committed in India, would be punishable under this Code." Inserted vide IT Amendment Act, 2008. Substituted by Act 36 of 1957, section 3 and Schedule II, for "Illustrations" (w.e.f. 17-9-1957). The brackets and letter "(a)" omitted by Act 36 of 1957, section 3 and Schedule II (w.e.f. 17-9-1957). Substituted by the A.O. 1948, for "a coolie, who is a Native Indian subject". Substituted by the A.O. 1950, for "a British subject of Indian domicile". The words "British India" have been successively amended by the A.O. 1948, the A.O. 1950 and Act 3 of 1951, section 3 and Schedule to read as above. Illustrations (b), (c) and (d) omitted by the A.O. 1950.