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+{"id": "000029", "text": "Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the pathogenetic basis of OSA are important to implement new therapeutic strategies. As the genioglossus (GG) is the main dilator muscle of the upper airway, increasing the activity of this muscle and preventing hypotonia during sleep would be a promising therapeutic approach. The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate the evidence that supports new strategies targeted to improve GG dilator function in an attempt to increase upper airway patency in OSA patients."}
+{"id": "000324", "text": "Wallerian degeneration is minimized within 1 to 2 weeks after damage occurs, and it is important to promote nerve regeneration in an appropriate direction in order to obtain a good prognosis. Therefore, if the nerve is damaged, medical evaluation and treatment should be performed as soon as possible. Specialist attention should be sought within 1 to 2 weeks after damage occurring and treatment commenced. Figure 7 shows the difference in prognosis by treatment start date. The number of patients who achieved complete remission, meaning an almost complete recovery, increased the earlier treatment started, whereas the majority of those in whom treatment was commenced at 6 months or more after nerve injury occurred showed either no change or exacerbation. If the nerve is damaged, evaluation and treatment should be started within a month to obtain a good prognosis."}
+{"id": "000482", "text": "Subsequent steps to control anterior nasal bleeding most often include vasoconstriction, in which cotton pledgets soaked in vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic are placed in the anterior nasal cavity and direct pressure is applied to both sides of the nose for several minutes. If bleeding continues, more aggressive approaches may include chemical cautery using silver nitrate, electrocautery, hemostatic packing with absorbable gelatin foam or oxidized cellulose, or treatment with a fibrin glue. Posterior bleeding is less common and often more severe than anterior bleeding and is usually treated by an otolaryngologist; management approaches typically involve posterior packing or alternative packing strategies using various balloon systems. The most persistent cases of anterior or posterior bleeding may require arterial ligation or embolization."}
+{"id": "000785", "text": "Inferior alveolar nerve damage can lead to mild to severe paresthesia and even facial pain. One of the treatments considered today for the reconstruction and treatment of damaged peripheral nerves is the use of vitamin supplements. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation on pain and sensory problems following mandibular implant placement surgery."}
+{"id": "000872", "text": "The first screw will be the most proximal one and will be placed as high as possible without invading the joint capsule. The joint line can be used as a reference to place it parallel to it. Subsequently, we proceed to implant the most distal screw of the frame. Once these two elements have been placed, the remaining ones will be guided by the heads of the fixator and their implantation will be routine."}
+{"id": "000927", "text": "Obstructive sleep apnea is a potentially dangerous condition with significant risks of comorbidities if left untreated. It represents a cardiovascular risk factor in the general population, and a higher prevalence is observed in patients already suffering from cardiovascular diseases. The gold standard treatment, continuous positive airway pressure, is not always accepted or tolerated. The mandibular advancement device represents an alternative treatment that we propose to implement in our study. The objective here is to first present a brief review of the topic. Due to poor evidence in the field, we propose a pilot study to evaluate the effect of a mandibular advancement device in patients with cardiovascular disease who are not treated for their sleep pathology in order to improve their therapeutic management."}
+{"id": "001122", "text": "Classified into four stages according to the changes seen in EEG."}
+{"id": "001248", "text": "Review of literature yielded scarcity of occipital anatomy analysis of the Malay ethnicity. The Malays ethnicity are predominant in regions around the South China Sea which includes Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Therefore, a comprehensive mapping of the Malay occipital thickness can give a clearer idea for the Malay ethnicity as previous recommendations from studies in patients of other ethnicity and regions may not be applicable. The study hypothesis was that the smallest diameter 8mm screw should be feasible for the Malay population. The primary objective of this study was to determine mean occipital thickness amongst the Malay ethnicity. This in turn sets a reference map for safe screw placement of at least 8mm when dealing with patients of Malay ethnicity during occipitocervical fusion. As there have not been any previous studies with regards to the Malay ethnicity, this study can serve as a guide to surgeons placing screws in the occipital region."}
+{"id": "001289", "text": "The remineralizing properties of the CPP-ACP pastes increased the shear bond strength, an element that allows us to consider their use for preserving the morphological and structural characteristics of dental enamel and preventing dental caries during orthodontic treatment."}
+{"id": "001338", "text": "The ARI scoring system is an assessment tool used to investigate adhesive systems. It is a quick and simple method that does not require special equipment . Results in the current study have shown the prevalence of scores 2 and 3 in the RMGIC group in comparison to the R group, which presented a prevalence of scores 0 and 1 (Table 4); this result corroborates the previous study , which found similar results. One hypothesis for these findings is that the use of fluorides to prevent caries promotes the incorporation of fluoride ions in the hydroxyapatite crystal network of hard tissues and leads to a mineral phase less soluble and more resistant than hydroxyapatite."}
+{"id": "001410", "text": "In vitro testing indicated that modified aligners are capable of generating the F/M components required for palatal root torque of upper central incisors."}
+{"id": "001680", "text": "NSD was observed significantly higher in the asymmetric group. It seemed that bony interference caused by advance of setback difference of a bone fragment may exert compressive force on the inferior alveolar nerve, so NSD is expected to occur more frequently on the interfered side. So preoperative facial asymmetry might be one of the affecting factors in immediate postsurgical NSD."}
+{"id": "001777", "text": "Demyelination in MS disrupts nerve signals and contributes to axon degeneration. While remyelination promises to restore lost function, it remains unclear whether remyelination will prevent axonal loss. Inflammatory demyelination is accompanied by significant neuronal loss in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model and evidence for remyelination in this model is complicated by ongoing inflammation, degeneration and possible remyelination. Demonstrating the functional significance of remyelination necessitates selectively altering the timing of remyelination relative to inflammation and degeneration. We demonstrate accelerated remyelination after EAE induction by direct lineage analysis and hypothesize that newly formed myelin remains stable at the height of inflammation due in part to the absence of MOG expression in immature myelin. Oligodendroglial-specific genetic ablation of the M1 muscarinic receptor, a potent negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, results in accelerated remyelination, preventing axonal loss and improving functional recovery. Together our findings demonstrate that accelerated remyelination supports axonal integrity and neuronal function after inflammatory demyelination."}
+{"id": "001913", "text": "In conclusion, this study demonstrated a significant increase in surgical accuracy over time which supported the presence of a learning curve in 3D virtual surgical planned orthognathic surgery. An unfavorable learning curve was associated with posterior maxillary impaction and a larger magnitude of jaw movement. The awareness of a learning curve in 3D virtual surgical planned orthognathic surgery can be beneficial for oral and maxillofacial residents and surgeons. It provides information on the expected level of surgical accuracy when starting to use 3D VSP, the potential for improvement with practice, and the final level of precision that can be achieved. Authors suggest that future research should focus to examine the entire learning curve over a longer period, to determine when the plateau in surgical accuracy can be reached, and to correlate the level of surgical experience with the learning curve in virtual planning."}
+{"id": "001926", "text": "The purpose of this temporary antibiotic PMMA spacer is to deliver high concentrations of local antibiotic while simultaneously preserving space for the definitive osseous reconstruction, to greatly enhance mechanical stability and to create an induced membrane that has biological activity and encourages bone graft incorporation by containing the graft and providing a more receptive recipient bed. The PMMA spacer should remain in the defect approximately 8–12 weeks. While the membrane develops, this intervening time period is used for virtual surgery and planning for secondary reconstruction, including design of a truss cage suitable for a given anatomic location. Consideration must be given to the type of skeletal stabilization that will be employed in the definitive construct (intramedullary (IM) nail or internal fixation using a plate and screws)."}
+{"id": "002126", "text": "Another key benefit of the use of AI in medical radiology is in the area of quality control. AI algorithms can be used to evaluate the quality of medical images and improve the accuracy of diagnoses. This has the potential to help ensure that medical images are of the highest quality, and that diagnoses are made with the utmost accuracy."}
+{"id": "002280", "text": "In contrast to true abdominal aortic aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms are classified as false because they generally lack all layers of the vessel wall. The form they subsequently develop is secondary to the products of the clotting cascade, which form a wall and lead to containment of blood. The lack of the robustness of a real vessel wall means that these pseudoaneurysms are fragile and must be treated without delay, regardless of their size."}
+{"id": "002340", "text": "A total number of 25 patients were retrieved and, among them, 10 patients were selected, in which planning inaccuracy caused difficulties during implant placement and which then led to induced changes during the planning of similar cases or in which the problems were noted before or during the planning which led to changes in the plan to address those problems."}
+{"id": "002448", "text": "The position of the hyoid bone and tongue on cephalometric analysis and the anteroposterior width of the pharyngeal region did not change between the preoperative and postoperative periods. This indicates that the anatomical landmarks in cephalometric photographs may be associated with swallowing function. Furthermore, there was no difference in the position of the hyoid bone or width of the oropharynx two months postoperatively when compared to preoperatively. This could be due to the recovery of eating and swallowing functions and harmonization of the oropharyngeal region after surgery."}
+{"id": "002488", "text": "Patients with ESRD have higher risk of new onset OSA, and PD patients are at higher risk than HD patients. The presence of OSA has a negative impact on survival in both PD and HD patients. The risk of MOSA is higher in PD patients than HD patients. Treatment of MOSA with CPAP has a positive impact on survival in PD patients."}
+{"id": "002574", "text": "The SEM images were used not only to compare the enamel surfaces after two different adhesive removal techniques but also compare these images with the enamel surface of the intact tooth in the current study. The investigation of microstructure of the tube base, its possible effect on enamel cracks, and evaluation of adhesive remnants after debonding could be counted among the other benefits of SEM. The SEM images were taken after cleaning the surfaces either with TCB or PoGo micropolisher systems; therefore, adhesive remnants could not be located on enamel surfaces on any of the samples tested. Indeed, the main point of choosing SEM as a diagnostic tool for our study was to make the comparison of enamel surfaces after adhesive removal."}
+{"id": "002847", "text": "Models in production should be created with a set of test reflective environmental data to ensure expected performances in situ. Furthermore, alongside changes in current clinical practices, models must be continually monitored and tested with new data to assess for reliability and validity. This continual external validation testing with separate adequately sized datasets than which it was trained on provides a necessary avenue for improvement as the field of healthcare and the environment itself is continually changing."}
+{"id": "002931", "text": "The study aimed to evaluate the influence of using remineralizing agents on the tensile bond strength."}
+{"id": "003029", "text": "The use of a self-etch primer for simultaneously etching and priming the enamel reduced, but could not completely eliminate, the enamel damage and amount of remnant adhesive left on enamel after sapphire bracket debonding. Exposure of sapphire brackets bonded with a SEP to thermocycling and then cyclic loading reduced the bond strength, yet it was within the range suiTable for clinical performance. The shorter bonding time combined with the potential to produce less remnant adhesive and enamel damage render the SEP approach a suiTable alternative to the aggressive PA gel for enamel conditioning before sapphire bracket bonding."}
+{"id": "003064", "text": "In the present study prosthodontics treatment was the indication for RP modelling in 22%. For prosthodontics treatment with implant based rehabilitation CBCT is frequently used nowadays. However, in the most severe cases with patients that have difficult anatomotophographic conditions this tool is not sufficient enough. In these cases the RP models can make the surgical planning easier. The functional occlusion and aesthetics of the dental implant treatment always depend on both jaws, the orthognathic relation between the mandibula and maxilla as well as the relation between the alveolar ridges and surrounding soft tissues. The 3D modelling facilitates the planning simply since all skeletal relations are clearly visible at once. Demanding planning for implant placement with need for augmentation and osteotomies can thus be visualized more clearly by using 3D models and modified treatment options for e.g. in patients with clefts or reconstruction with microvascular composite flaps can be planned safer with less risk of complication than planning based on (CB)CT examinations only. The final implant placement often needs guiding splints that can be manufactured based on the model and CT data as well."}
+{"id": "003078", "text": "The resulting SEM observation of the C group revealed the presence of enamel damage after the debonding and the adhesive removal processes. This was possibly due to the use of adhesive removing pliers during the removal process causing enamel cracks and damaging the enamel surface."}
+{"id": "003251", "text": "On the contrary, the reported lack of total loss of the retainer during the period of observation reflects the close control of the bonded devices. This depends on the fact that all those followed were patients of a single clinician, who were regularly seen for hygiene, recall at least once a year, when the hygienist inspected the appliance and reported initial composite fractures or losses. This indicates that regular inspections are important to guarantee appropriate maintenance of these devices."}
+{"id": "003266", "text": "The heart rate mean did not decrease significantly from NREM to REM during CPAP studies. This result is similar to previous studies in healthy individuals [24]. The decrease HRV from NREM to REM was seen in basal studies, which suggests that OSA may influence the variance of the heart rate, but does not vary the natural change of overall beats per minute from NREM to REM. The lack of change in HRM during the CPAP study suggests that CPAP treatment lowers the variance of heart rate during NREM, as well as eliminates the change in the heart rate between NREM and REM."}
+{"id": "003434", "text": "None of the whitening toothpastes could decrease discoloration caused by the coffee solution to the level below the perceptibility threshold except Colgate Optic White which reduced discoloration within the clinically acceptable perceptibility range."}
+{"id": "003511", "text": "Considering the 3D positional difference of gonion and large individual variations of frontal ramal inclination, significant structural deformation in deviated mandibular prognathism need to be considered in asymmetric prognathism patients. Therefore, Individually planned surgical procedures that also correct the malpositioning of the mandibular ramus are recommended especially in patients with asymmetric prognathism."}
+{"id": "003536", "text": "Traditional prosthodontic teaching involves staining and glazing porcelain fused to metal crowns to match aged or disfigured teeth. Chairside staining is a tedious process which has been made more difficult with the infection control procedures needed in clinic. Now a more reasonable approach would be to bleach first to minimise defects, then provide a lighter crown without the aging effects."}
+{"id": "003581", "text": "This study has revealed that OSA is common among Nigerian outpatients, may be under-recognized and is associated with risk factors that are amenable to preventive strategies. It stresses the need for health care providers to adopt structured clinical interview techniques in order to aid its diagnosis and also emphasizes their responsibility to provide the society with education on the necessary life-style modifications which may act as potent means of preventing the disorder."}
+{"id": "003646", "text": "The proper knowledge of etiology and predisposing factors is necessary for early recognition and suitable treatment of patients who are at risk of permanent anterior tooth fracture. The present study shows that maxillary incisors are most commonly fractured tooth and as generally people are right handed, so the frequency of fractured right maxillary incisors were more than any other permanent tooth which is in agreement with the studies done by Baldava and Anup, Johnson and Ravn. Zuhal et al have reported that the most affected age group was of 9 to 11 years old for sustaining permanent anterior tooth injuries and various other studies showed up to 12 years as more prone age group. So, we took an age group of 9 to 13 years old for our study and found that frequency of tooth fracture increased with increasing age. The possible reason being that with increasing age the child becomes more inquisitive and wants to explore new activities and areas untouched where chances of sustaining injury are more."}
+{"id": "003719", "text": "Conventional adhesive system use 3 different agents an enamel conditioner, a primer solution, and an adhesive resin and to bond orthodontic brackets to enamel (1,2). A unique characteristics of some new bonding systems in operative dentistry is that they combine the conditioning and priming agents into a single acidic primer solution. Combining conditioning and priming into a single step improves bonding time and reduce the number of steps during the bonding procedure and result in cost-effectiveness to the clinician and indirectly to the patient with similar bond strengths or even higher bond strengths."}
+{"id": "003769", "text": "Finally, the third therapeutic option was the use of mobile nociceptive functional equipment (Bass equipment) associated with a high extraoral traction in order to control the skeletal divergence and correct the sagittal relationship by mandibular advancement followed by fixed multibracket orthodontic therapy according to the principles of Professor Ricketts's bioprogressive techniques for the resolution of dental problems and a perfect finish and intercuspation in class I molars and canines."}
+{"id": "003833", "text": "The goal of the study was to evaluate the whole treatment burden experienced by OSA patients who are using CPAP therapy, including but not limited to the burden associated with the device use. The results can be used to inform discussions between clinicians and patients on treatment burden with the goal to alleviate this burden on patients."}
+{"id": "003859", "text": "Given the rising costs of healthcare, the continued development and implementation of AI-assistance into clinical decision-making is a likely inevitability. This domain has highlighted some of the ethical issues that may arise with the implementation of these systems and the relevant values that decision-makers can draw on in the design and implementation of AI-assisted CDSS into practice. Specifically, the values of professional integrity and accountability will play most prominently at the level of patient care, while values of justice and the potential for group harms must be balanced against the imperatives for public benefit at the societal level. The value of transparency cuts across both with trust in the medical profession and healthcare systems at stake."}
+{"id": "004067", "text": "This work included analytical and controlled studies on humans published between 2005 and 2020, establishing a comparison of the periodontal status of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and multibracket orthodontic appliances."}
+{"id": "004108", "text": "Patients in the study were recruited using convenience sampling. The study initiated by first screening the patients with STOP questionnaire followed by grouping them into high and no risk patients and then performing further general and oral examinations of both the groups. General examination included screening the patient with BANG questionnaire for recording BMI, age, neck circumference and gender."}
+{"id": "004297", "text": "We manage our cases with nasal packing, cautery, and surgical exploration. The most important step in our treatment algorithm is to try to find the source of bleeding with an endoscopic nasal examination. Initial attempts should aim to control the bleeding with chemical cautery or nasal tampons, but hospitalization and surgical intervention may be needed if bleeding persists. Cranial nerve deficits are important signs in skull base epistaxis and the attending physician must be vigilant about this condition. Such patients may need angiography with embolization."}
+{"id": "004413", "text": "The risk of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease is more in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial upper airway collapse resulting in intermittent hypoxemia and inflammation. Intermittent hypoxemia probably leads to increased sympathetic activity . Hypoxia-reoxygenation leads to the generation of free radicals resulting in oxidative stress which along with the resultant endothelial dysfunction may trigger the coagulation cascade."}
+{"id": "004418", "text": "The PAS measurement has been described as the distance between the posterior and anterior parts of the pharynx, where the base of the tongue is located., This leads us to believe that the shortening of the airways in patients with atypical swallowing might cause changes in tongue positioning, which would lead to changes in the position of the hyoid bone."}
+{"id": "004824", "text": "It is common knowledge that fluoride therapy reduces enamel demineralization and increases its resistance to organic acids. Fluoride has a facilitating effect on the diffusion of calcium and phosphate ions into the demineralized surface. Thus, it can restore the crystalline enamel structure composed of fluorinated hydroxyapatites and fluorapatites, which are more resistant to acids than the primary crystals."}
+{"id": "004905", "text": "The objective of this study was to compare three different methods for removing the adhesive remnants from the enamel structure after orthodontic bracket debonding by using scanning electron microscopy. The working hypothesis stated there would be a statistically significant difference between the groups evaluated."}
+{"id": "004995", "text": "However, this systematic review was able to demonstrate important and positive results of MMA as a treatment for OSA and distinguished itself by establishing strict criteria for the inclusion of studies, avoiding factors that would increase the risk of bias."}
+{"id": "005455", "text": "These findings suggest that there is a possible risk of a clinically significant level of unfavorable orthodontic force being delivered to the mandibular incisors in labial inclination when using a preformed archwire with an ICW that is narrower than the dental arch."}
+{"id": "005496", "text": "Mandibular asymmetry persists after Me point correction. A 3D quantification of mandibular residual asymmetry after Me point correction and mandible de-rotation with virtual BSSRO sets up a true reference mirror plane for comprehensive asymmetry assessment of bilateral mandibular structure, thereby providing an accurate guidance for orthognathic surgical planning."}
+{"id": "005705", "text": "Locking screws with superior lateral migration resistance had better fixation stability when applied to a locking plate, while axial pullout strength of locking screws showed no association with fixation stability under both cyclic craniocaudal loading and torsional loading."}
+{"id": "005788", "text": "One major conclusion is that screws surrounded by higher bone density have higher resilience. This was shown in the study by Cornaz et al. who demonstrated increased retention in the pedicle at higher bone density for spine screws, in the study by Mischler et al. on the humerus who achieved better retention by adjusting the screw trajectory in areas of higher bone density, but also in the study by Fu et al. who indicated that anchoring of the screw in the cortex in the calcaneus is essential. Although this finding seems obvious, it appears to be of immense importance to incorporate it into current orthopedic techniques. Preoperative computer models that optimize and plan patient-specific screw trajectories, generic trajectories that lead to areas of higher bone quality, or implants that allow more targeted anchorage in cortical bone could therefore prevent problems with screws breaking out in the bone in the different areas."}
+{"id": "005808", "text": "Is it possible to reliably identify those Class III patients who may benefit from early treatment in the long term? Numerous cephalometric studies comparing outcomes at the end of adolescent growth with the original presenting malocclusion have attempted to create algorithms that may make this prediction in childhood possible. However, significant individual variation in facial growth patterns mean that this is difficult, especially for those cases where early treatment is ultimately unsuccessful.15 However, it does appear that high angle cases with increased lower anterior face height and reduced overbite at the start of treatment are more likely to respond poorly to early treatment and ultimately outgrow the positive effects of it."}
+{"id": "005837", "text": "Considering the limitation of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the combined bleaching with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide exhibited no effect on Silorane composite while it had an adverse effect on the sealed and unsealed methacrylate composite in terms of microhardness. The prior sealing, then bleaching and followed polishing would re-establish the surface hardness of the methacrylate composite. Therefore, it is safe to suggest that using a surface sealant on restorative materials prior to bleaching presents a preservative function against any adverse effect of the bleaching agents."}
+{"id": "005866", "text": "A prospective study conducted on 53 canines of 31 subjects assessed a mean accuracy for canine rotation of 36%. Canines that received interproximal reduction (IPR) reported the highest mean rotational accuracy and lowest standard deviation (43%; SD  =  22.6%).\n\nIn Kravitz et al. the accuracy of rotation for maxillary canines was 32%, lower than that of the maxillary central incisors (55%) and mandibular lateral incisors (52%). The least accuracy was detected for the mandibular canine (29%). For rotations greater than 15° the accuracy of maxillary canine movement was significantly reduced (19%; SD  =  14.1%; P < .05). Similar results were achieved by Simon et al., who demonstrated that staging (amount of rotation/aligner) also had a considerable impact on the treatment efficacy: for premolar rotations with a staging of <1.5°/aligner, the total efficacy was 41.8% (SD  =  0.3%), whereas with a staging of >1.5°/aligner, the accuracy decreased to 23% (SD  =  0.2%)."}
+{"id": "006009", "text": "Diode Laser treatment of the demineralized enamel surface had a positive influence on the chemistry and surface microhardness and it may represent a promising adjunct for enamel surface remineralization."}
+{"id": "006194", "text": "There are reports that wisdom teeth in line of osteotomy increase risk of bad fracture [27,28,29]."}
+{"id": "006267", "text": "Despite the fact that oral appliances can be employed in a variety of OSA patients, they have a number of limitations, including the absence of enough teeth in the maxillary and mandibular arches. A tooth is thought to be especially crucial for ensuring the stability and retention of the mandibular advancement device. The condition of edentulism inherently exacerbates OSA and limits the number of viable therapies [39]. However, a review of the literature finds that only a few papers describe the use of MAD in the treatment of edentulous patients or patients with multiple missing teeth with OSA [40]. Some modifications are a must in the basic design of MAD in such patients. But CMOA can be successfully used not only in patients with fixed but also patients rehabilitated with a removable partial prosthesis as it takes major retention from the palatal slopes as does the removable partial dentures."}
+{"id": "006422", "text": "Negative intrathoracic pressure during apneic episodes may be associated with the development of AF. The Mueller maneuver was performed on healthy adults to simulate the changes in the upper airway, which occur during OSA and found that the negative intrathoracic pressure led to a decrease in the left atrial volume, increase in left ventricular systolic function and an increase in the ventricular afterload. These dynamic changes can be implicated in the development of AF. Repetitive cycles of negative intrathoracic pressure also lead to atrial stretch, which contributes to the enlargement of the chambers and development of AF. Negative intratracheal pressure causes shortening of the atrial effective refractory period through vagal stimulation, which also predisposes to the development of AF."}
+{"id": "006544", "text": "This FE analysis was developed to assess the effect of different attachment configurations on the efficacy of bodily movement of the upper maxillary molar. The results show that configuration without an attachment and with a vertical rectangular attachment produced inclination of the molar in the mesiodistal direction while the guideline attachment produced stress and displacement pattern that most resembles bodily movement."}
+{"id": "006920", "text": "The ankle joint, one of the most complex joints in the body, is formed by the distal medial surface of the fibula and the distal surface of the tibia articulating with the talus underneath. This joint is strengthened by syndesmotic ligaments, and as such is described as a syndesmotic joint. This joint is important as it transmits the axial load of the body through the ankle to the foot."}
+{"id": "006953", "text": "Some research groups have noted that potentially inherited abnormalities of ventilatory control may predispose to obstructive or central sleep apnea by influencing ventilation during sleep and increasing the propensity to upper airway collapse. Altered ventilatory drive also may precipitate apnea by promoting ventilatory control instability and, subsequently, periodic breathing. Ventilatory control instability could result from either blunted or augmented chemosensitivity."}
+{"id": "007859", "text": "Although the ODI is a good metric to determine the severity of the occurrence of desaturation events, it provides a summary of the information of the whole night and does not account for the variability introduced by other factors. For instance, it is known that position plays an important role on the occurrence of apneic events [20,21], which are usually accompanied by hypoxia. In this scenario, the combination of the information on the sleep position obtained from the ‘SleepPos’ app allowed linkage of the occurrence of the desaturation events to its sleep position angle of occurrence. This combination revealed very useful clinical information about the subjects of the database in two different variables: the local ODI and the ratio of the percentage of events versus the percentage of time spent at a specific sleep position angle. These variables allowed us to assess two important aspects: the severity according to the number of desaturations found and the positional behavior. The severity is evaluated by the local ODI and indicates how critical is the situation regarding to the occurrence of hypoxic events, and the positional behavior is assessed by the ratio and indicates if there is a sleep position where these hypoxic events are more prevalent."}
+{"id": "008043", "text": "Virtual surgery planning is best described as an online collaboration between the surgeon, the orthopaedic engineering professional and the biomedical design engineer. During this planning session, the patient’s bony anatomy is studied and manipulated to restore to normal before discussing the implant solution and method of fixation. The surgeon explains the indication and the expected approach, and instructs the engineers on the desired surgical technique. Some surgeons prefer to look through the individual slices of the CT scan, suggesting they have less confidence in the reliability and accuracy of the 3D model; other surgeons have explicit trust in the fidelity of the 3D model. It is often useful to have some transparency in the model to be able to fully assess certain aspects of the pathoanatomy during the planning session."}
+{"id": "008172", "text": "The reported case confirms the clinical feasibility of the described computer-assisted orthognathic surgical protocol. Further progress in the development of technologies for 3D image acquisition and improvements on software programs to simulate postoperative changes on soft tissue are required."}
+{"id": "008555", "text": "Open bite is a challenging malocclusion to treat, with a high incidence of relapse. Extrusion is the least accurate tooth movement to perform with CAT, and it can result in larger deviations compared to other movements. This lack of efficiency could be due to the difficulty of the appliance in developing enough force to extrude teeth in a significant way. However, PAR and OGS scores revealed that aligners were as successful as fixed appliances in controlling vertical buccal occlusion, even years after the end of treatment.10,11,14,17  Thus, on the basis of the existing literature, CAT is not recommended to treat open bite."}
+{"id": "008863", "text": "Normal distribution of SBS and DC values was confirmed by the Shapiro‒Wilk test, and the equality of variances was assessed using the Levene test before the other tests were performed. SBS and DC data were expressed as the mean values and standard deviations."}
+{"id": "009039", "text": "Previous studies using transcutaneous electrical stimulation for the treatment of sleep apnoea did not apply electrical current for the whole night. The TESLA data on patients' perception importantly highlight the feasibility of the method, with patients remaining asleep with no difference in their sleep profile compared with sham stimulation. Sleep quality was not adversely affected. Following the sham stimulation, patients complained more about a dry mouth in the morning than after active treatment. Whether this is a feature of a more patent upper airway at night or the mouth being closed remains to be elucidated."}
+{"id": "009057", "text": "ChatGPT can be a boon for medical education and research. It has the potential to provide instant access to a vast amount of medical information and can assist medical students and researchers in analyzing complex medical data. Additionally, ChatGPT can provide personalized learning experiences for medical students by tailoring information to their learning styles and preferences. ChatGPT also poses some challenges and limitations that can be considered a bane. While ChatGPT can provide vast amounts of information, it may not always be accurate or reliable. The responses produced by ChatGPT are also based on patterns and trends in the data it has been trained on, so they might not always offer a thorough or nuanced knowledge of a specific medical idea or situation. Consequently, it is crucial to make sure that medical students and researchers are aware of ChatGPT's limitations and use it in addition to rather than as a substitute for conventional learning and research techniques. All things considered, ChatGPT has the potential to be a useful tool in medical research and education, but it must be used carefully and with awareness of its limitations. This review article focuses on whether ChatGPT in medical education and research is a boon or a bane."}
+{"id": "009079", "text": "This exploratory research delved into the capabilities that ChatGPT holds to understand and generate responses regarding clinical conditions in the healthcare domain in natural and understandable language, particularly in the field of cardiovascular disorders. The AI model has exhibited its proficiency in creating well-informed answers up to date with the research and guidelines related to the particular conditions. This AI model is easily accessible to the general population and the answers provided are in a simple and understandable language making it highly convenient to use."}
+{"id": "009132", "text": "Despite the limitations noted, this is the first comprehensive study evaluating the prevalence and types of neurologic injury following total ankle arthroplasty, and this is the largest series of nerve injuries following total ankle arthroplastyreported to date. As shown in this present study, patients with posttraumatic osteoarthritis are prone to nerve injuries after total ankle arthroplasty and showed low level of patient satisfaction and poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, surgery should be performed with care to avoid any nerve injuries."}
+{"id": "009296", "text": "When observing the stress distributions on the screws, this study found that the two screws near the middle of the miniplate experienced higher stress than did the other screws, likely because the miniplate was being pulled to the screw that provided fixation of the mandible under the external bending and torsion forces. Thus, the two screws close to the middle of the miniplate experienced higher stress, especially the screw which is near the bone gap to the proximal segment (number 2 or 7). These findings suggest that clinicians should pay careful attention to the high stress that may be placed on the screw during miniplate fixation. Further, to achieve overall postimplant stability, a thicker screw should be used or the strength of the miniplate at that site should be enhanced."}
+{"id": "009352", "text": "Sagittal and transverse discrepancies often coexist in skeletal class II malocclusions. Orthopedic growth modification can work well in such cases, provided that the remaining pubertal growth is adequate and that the clinician can provide timely treatment to coincide with the peak growth period."}
+{"id": "009386", "text": "To assess and compare the enamel surface quality after interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) was performed with different systems and to study the relation between acid penetration depth and enamel surface quality as well as the importance of remineralization."}
+{"id": "009433", "text": "With EDX, a direct detection of superficial compounds which can easily be attributed to specific locations upon the surface is possible, while using the FSE exact quantitative data can be generated."}
+{"id": "009506", "text": "All participants were requested to brush their teeth after breakfast and before bedtime with a pea-sized quantity of fluoride toothpaste. Additional brushing or water irrigation after the midday meal was also recommended but was not an essential requirement of the study. On each day of the first, fifth and ninth weeks of the study, the patients were required to rinse their mouths with 5 cm3 of the antibacterial mouthwash for one minute after their evening brushing session. The patients were also requested to chew two pieces of xylitol gum for five minutes four times per day (preferably after snacks) throughout the 12-week period. The control group received no further treatment or intervention."}
+{"id": "009553", "text": "WSLs can become noticeable around the brackets within 1 month of bracket placement, although the formation of regular caries usually takes at least 6 months. These lesions are commonly seen on the buccal surfaces of teeth around the brackets, especially in the gingival region."}
+{"id": "010236", "text": "It has been largely documented that the carefully planned maxillary and mandibular positions can be accurately transferred to the patient at the time of the surgery using CAD/CAM guides. A preliminary study published by our group showed that the surgical template technique could provide a reliable method of planning transfer for segmental genioplasty. To date, there were only a few studies with small sample sizes on the use of genioplasty templates. However, the technique and the accuracy of transferring planned genioplasty at the time of the surgery still remained uncertain."}
+{"id": "010579", "text": "Results of this study suggest potential avenues for interventions to increase adherence to CPAP, including the provision of information and continued support. Individual counseling providing strategies aimed at helping the person to cope with the emotional problem and relational difficulties associated with the use of CPAP, and at strengthening self-efficacy and self-management skills are also encouraged for optimal care during the rehabilitation program."}
+{"id": "010766", "text": "The mechanism of referred pain was quoted in 1946 , stating that the association of nasal and intraorbital sensitive fibers and their nuclei at the central level explained the similarity of the symptoms of the pathological involvement of both areas, showing that the orbital pain may be produced in intra-nasal regions. Afferent fibers of pain receptors located in the nasal and paranasal mucosa determine the same pool of sensorial neurons in the nucleus of the trigeminal nerve than fibers coming from skin receptors. These two pathways end up in the same neurons of the common cortical area. “The cortical center can not differentiate the original peripheral source of impulses in this common pathway, thus, when the mucosa is stimulated, pain afferent impulses are falsely located after they reach the sensorial cortex. They are poorly interpreted and based in previous experienced such as coming from the skin, region from where the impulses normally reach this point in the brain” . Another mechanism of referred pain considers that the presence of neurogenic edema in distant regions of the stimulated site: trigeminal fibers that contain substance P, upon stimulation, can trigger antidromic impulses responsible for the release of substance P in other areas innervated by the trigeminal branches, which leads to an inflammatory process in these sites, explaining the onset of pain in the distant region of the stimulated area 14."}
+{"id": "010769", "text": "In the early stages, clear aligners were only considered to treat simple orthodontic problems of mild or moderate anterior crowding. With the development of computer technology and the gradual recognition of the biomechanical properties of aligner materials, CAT has demonstrated the capacity to treat more complex cases, such as cases requiring tooth extraction. Nevertheless, these case reports pointed out the limitations of using clear aligners to complete the gap closure in extraction treatment. Clear aligners are not rigid enough to retain their original shape in space closure, which might result in torque loss and adverse extrusion of the anterior teeth. Therefore, a certain amount of intrusion is intentionally added during the setup when the incisors are designed to be retracted. However, the effectiveness of extra intrusion in controlling the movement of incisors has not been proven, and the most efficient ratio between the amount of retraction and intrusion is unclear."}
+{"id": "010871", "text": "It is of critical importance that model surgery is based on accurate translation of the theoretical transposition data. Any discrepancy between the plan and the model surgery will lead to an inaccurate interocclusal splint. A poorly designed and/or fabricated wafer can lead to a disastrous outcome even when the most skillful surgical technique is used."}
+{"id": "011027", "text": "The diameter of the selected miniscrew will be determined by the MD length of available bone. It has been suggested that skeletal anchoring of the miniscrews is stable when they have a diameter between 1.5 and 2.3 mm7. The MD distance is highly relevant, given that one of the greatest risks for miniscrew failure is its proximity to the teeth roots. In the DS group, the intermolar area presented a longer MD distance, and the amount of available MD bone was greater than in the control group, probably because the teeth of the DS group were smaller than those of the control group. Microdontia is not uncommon among patients with DS and can result in spacing. In the general population, the intermolar area is also considered one of the most reachable locations for miniscrew placement because it has a larger space between the tooth roots. A number of authors have indicated that the longest MD distance in the maxilla is on the palatal side between the second premolar and first molar."}
+{"id": "011060", "text": "There are some limitations in this study. As portable sleep apnea testing was used to determine the preoperative sleep parameters, we were unable to determine the arousal index and other parameters, which would give precise insight into the phenotypes of surgical patients with unrecognized OSA in their response to oxygen therapy. Portable sleep apnea testing and overnight oximetry did not monitor electroencephalography, and we did not know whether patients were asleep when data were collected. Wakefulness during the sleep apnea testing and overnight oximetry may result in underestimation of AHI and ODI, and the severity of sleep apnea. Patients’ response to oxygen therapy is a new field in personalized medicine and our post-hoc analyses may be construed as hypothesis generating."}
+{"id": "011122", "text": "Particularly over the past decades, a lot of research groups and medical device manufacturers have made great efforts to improve 3D treatment planning and technical devices in order to improve accuracy and predictability in orthognathic surgery."}
+{"id": "011198", "text": "The integration and incorporation of AI and web search capabilities are rapidly being established. Free AI web-assistant tools such as Monica and HARPA AI have been developed to streamline the process of web browsing. These tools integrate ChatGPT into the web browsing sidebar, providing users with summaries of webpages in a simplified format after conducting an initial Google search. Although these tools enhance efficiency and enable users to access a larger volume of information in less time, the ability of ChatGPT to evaluate the readability and quality of medical text and detect biases remains uncertain. Evaluating the ability of ChatGPT to determine the quality of online medical content is currently imperative and will become increasingly important, as patients increasingly rely on the internet and social media for medical information."}
+{"id": "011371", "text": "This theme explores inequities of access to both diagnosis and treatment of OSA within the Australian health system. GPs reported challenges in accessing sleep studies and CPAP therapy related to both socioeconomic and geographic factors. Many GPs reported long wait times for public sleep services."}
+{"id": "011428", "text": "In an attempt to further investigate what was occurring with the various liners, a simple additional experiment was conducted. The experiment consisted of placing one coat of polyamide varnish, two coats of copal varnish and five coats of dentin adhesive onto separate glass slides. A drop of 2 % HBF4 was placed onto each of these slides. The adhesive was rapidly dislodged and disrupted from the slide while the two varnishes remained intact. This supplemental experiment helped confirm what was observed in the tooth samples."}
+{"id": "011475", "text": "Orthodontic brackets designed for compensation of mild Class III malocclusions appear to be more efficient than non-compensated straight-wire prescription brackets. Treatment time for Class III patients treated with brackets designed for compensation was shorter than with Roth prescription and no difference in the quality of the occlusal outcome was observed. A prospective randomized study is suggested to provide a deeper look into this subject."}
+{"id": "011519", "text": "For the treatment protocol, each subject was instructed to wear aligners for 22 h per day, except during meals and oral hygiene procedures and to replace aligners on average every 15 days. Every 6 stages the clinician checked the good aligner fitting and the position of the attachments. The mean number of aligners was 25 for the maxillary arch and 24 for the mandibular arch. Both arches averaged 8 attachments and less than 2.5 mm of IPR in the upper arch and less than 4.5 mm of IPR in the lower arch."}
+{"id": "011680", "text": "Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well being throughout the life. Many people experience trouble in sleeping which may be because of stress or other factors and is usually temporary, but becomes a concern when it occurs repeatedly thus indicating a sleep disorder. Sleep disorders like bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are of great concern to the dentist. Dental sleep medicine is an emerging branch which deals with these sleep disorders by providing treatment with oral appliances."}
+{"id": "011745", "text": "In the current study, it can be concluded that postoperative bleeding events occur significantly more frequently in patients with anticoagulation therapy than in healthy patients, but the quality of bleeding shows significantly lower severity, even when a significant correlation with high-risk surgical interventions exists. It therefore appears reasonable to continue anticoagulation therapy perioperatively for small procedures and also the classified high-risk procedures within this study. Close interdisciplinary collaboration between oral surgeons and other medical specialists remains essential to minimise perioperative risks to patients, and the perioperative instruction of patients is crucial. Follow-up studies should include larger patient cohorts and investigate postoperative bleeding and its intensity under uniform risk classifications of surgical interventions."}
+{"id": "011796", "text": "The infraorbital nerve (ION) is another cranial nerve that may be exposed to injury during orthognathic surgery procedures. Thygesen et al. found that subjective changes in somatosensory function after LeFort I osteotomy occurred in 7 to 60 % of patients, depending on the site of measurement at 12-month follow-up [44]. Changes in cutaneous, mucosal, and pulpal thresholds occurred as a result of LeFort I osteotomy, and significant side effects such as cutaneous numbness and hypersensitivity, as well as intraoral numbness in the facial and palatal gingiva, are associated with that procedure [44]. Furthermore, segmentation of the maxilla additionally decreased sensory function in the palate and gingiva [44]. Despite these sensory problems, many patients were satisfied with their surgical results and would recommend the surgery procedure to other patients needing a combined orthodontic surgical treatment [44]."}
+{"id": "011861", "text": "The clinical relevance of this study lies in the fact that findings suggest that bleaching techniques should be carefully selected and that this treatment should be selectively indicated, since mild to moderate short-term changes were found in third molars that underwent in-office bleaching."}
+{"id": "011862", "text": "MCQ construction (including clinical vignettes) was the most common way ChatGPT was used. We note that the school has recently introduced low-stakes summative quizzes based on MCQs written by the faculty themselves, rather than sourced externally. Summative question construction has been a time-consuming and ongoing task for most faculty and may have influenced the number of faculty who reported using ChatGPT for this purpose. Whether this will continue to be a large fraction of ChatGPT usage will depend on whether our question bank becomes sufficient and if no further questions are needed."}
+{"id": "011933", "text": "In our cohort of OSA patients with RHTN, long-term CPAP use was associated with significant weight loss. Additionally, we noted an improved heart rate and a lower prevalence of arrhythmias in the group of patients compliant to CPAP therapy. Despite the positive effect on body weight and cardiovascular parameters, it is vital that CPAP treatment is accompanied by strong dietary interventions. Future prospective studies focusing on CPAP adherence in high cardiovascular risk patients with OSA may help to evaluate the effect of specific treatment in reducing cardiovascular risk."}
+{"id": "012346", "text": "The Thurow appliance was developed to apply distal and vertical forces while controlling molar rotation and tipping produced by forces directed through buccal molar tubes. The original appliance, which incorporates a high-pull headgear and a maxillary acrylic splint that serves as a bite block, has been shown to restrain maxillary growth, distally tip and displace the maxillary teeth, as well as restrain the eruption of posterior maxillary teeth. Because the splint precisely covers the entire maxillary dentition, higher force levels dissipating over a larger surface area can be used. The acrylic smooth surface disoccludes the teeth and effectively eliminates occlusal interferences during force application, which facilitates maxillary tooth movement and allows the mandible to grow unimpeded by the maxilla. The Thurow appliance is thought to be particularly well suited for Class II patients with maxillary prognathism, steep mandibular plane angles and open bites."}
+{"id": "012350", "text": "Besides being used for diagnostic purposes, PSG was also used to quantify the apnea severity of the patients. Mild apnea was considered when there was and AHI equal to or higher than 1 event per hour up to an index lower than 5 events per hour. An AHI higher than 5 events per hour up to an index lower than or equal to 10 events per hour characterizes apnea as moderate. Severe apnea was considered in the presence of an AHI greater than 10 events per hour."}
+{"id": "012356", "text": "In the course of development of the system various articulator types were evaluated with regard to their capability to provide a means of realizing the concepts comprised of the KD-MMS. Special attention was dedicated to the ability to perform three-dimensional displacements without cutting of plaster casts. Various utilities were developed to facilitate maxillary displacement in accordance to the planning. Objectives of this development comprised the ability to implement the values established in the course of two-dimensional ceph planning."}
+{"id": "012542", "text": "Orthodontic treatment is performed for correction of dental irregularities. Archwires generate the force required for orthodontic tooth movement. Selection of an appropriate archwire in fixed orthodontic treatment for load application to the teeth can contribute to treatment success. Initial archwires are used at the onset of fixed orthodontic treatment, and are mainly used for correction of crowding and slight tooth rotation. Light continuous force is ideal for orthodontic treatment since it would result in controlled and predictable tooth movement with minimal damage to the teeth and their supporting structures. Clinically, efficient force should cause maximum tooth movement with minimum root resorption and pain [1]."}
+{"id": "012822", "text": "Balancing the pros and cons of the use of the CPAP, the health improvement appears to be more important than the discomfort caused by the device. The therapy is simply accepted and followed by the patient as the only solution to reduce the impact of their chronic condition."}
+{"id": "012906", "text": "We describe a modified approach to septodermoplasty done completely endoscopically and without nasal packing for a patient with severe epistaxis due to HHT."}
+{"id": "012932", "text": "The null hypothesis of the present investigation was that there are no significant differences in bond strength values among the three tested zirconia ceramics considering different pretreatments. The second null hypothesis was that there are no significant differences in adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores among the various groups."}
+{"id": "013098", "text": "The prevalence of arthralgia was higher in orthosurgical patients with dentofacial deformity when compared to individuals without dentofacial deformity. Sleep bruxism was associated with the occurrence of joint TMDs in these patients. Detecting these conditions and carrying out adequate management before surgery can ensure a better prognosis. Thus, further studies should investigate the additional factors that may contribute to TMDs in this population and determine new protocols of preoperative management."}
+{"id": "013511", "text": "In summary, combined therapy of mandibular setback and maxillary advancement or posterior impaction can reduce the obstruction of airway space compared to mandibular setback surgery alone. The movement of maxilla is related to the changes in the parameters of the upper air space, which shows an increasing tendency for the maxillary advancement or the posterior impaction. Mandibular setback is related to changes in the parameters of the lower air space, especially oropharyngeal air space, which shows a decreasing tendency."}
+{"id": "013789", "text": "In the present day, there are many diseases which need to be identified at their early stages to start relevant treatments. If not, they could be uncurable and deadly. Due to this reason, there is a need of analysing complex medical data, medical reports, and medical images at a lesser time but with greater accuracy. There are even some instances where certain abnormalities cannot be directly recognized by humans. In healthcare for computational decision making, machine learning approaches are being used in these types of situations where a crucial data analysis needs to be performed on medical data to reveal hidden relationships or abnormalities which are not visible to humans. Implementing algorithms to perform such tasks itself is difficult, but what makes it even more challenging is to increase the accuracy of the algorithm while decreasing the required time for the algorithm to execute. In the early days, processing of large amount of medical data was an important task which resulted in machine learning being adapted in the biological domain. Since this happened, the biology and biomedical fields have been reaching higher levels by exploring more knowledge and identifying relationships which were never observed before. Reaching to its peak now the concern is being diverted towards treating patients not only based on the type of disease but also their genetics, which is known as precision medicine. Modifications in machine learning algorithms are being performed and tested daily to improve the performance of the algorithms in analysing and presenting more accurate information. In the healthcare field, starting from information extraction from medical documents until the prediction or diagnosis of a disease, machine learning has been involved. Medical imaging is a section that was greatly improved with the integration of machine learning algorithms to the field of computational biology. Nowadays, many disease diagnoses are being performed by medical image processing using machine learning algorithms. In addition, patient care, resource allocation, and research on treatments for various diseases are also being performed using machine learning-based computational decision making. Throughout this paper, various machine learning algorithms and approaches that are being used for decision making in the healthcare sector will be discussed along with the involvement of machine learning in healthcare applications in the current context. With the explored knowledge, it was evident that neural network-based deep learning methods have performed extremely well in the field of computational biology with the support of the high processing power of modern sophisticated computers and are being extensively applied because of their high predicting accuracy and reliability. When giving concern towards the big picture by combining the observations, it is noticeable that computational biology and biomedicine-based decision making in healthcare have now become dependent on machine learning algorithms, and thus they cannot be separated from the field of artificial intelligence."}
+{"id": "013870", "text": "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index ARI) of orthodontic brackets following enamel conditioning with acid etching, hydroabrasion, and with both procedures. Thirty extracted human premolars were divided into three groups and received either acid etching, hydroabrasion or both procedures. Orthodontic brackets were bonded with composite resin. Shear bond strength was tested with a tensile machine, then the teeth were observed under a stereomicroscope to evaluate ARI scores. The enamel morphology after each conditioning method was evaluated with scanning electron microscope imaging. A one-way ANOVA and a Kruskal−Wallis H test were used to compare the bond strength and the ARI scores among the three groups. Hydroabrasion alone produced shear bond strength values below clinical acceptability, while the combination of acid etching and hydroabrasion produced the highest values. The ARI scores in the hydroabrasion group were significantly different from the other groups. Hydroabrasion followed by acid etching was effective in increasing the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the cost and benefits of this technique."}
+{"id": "014155", "text": "The three appliances corrected the Class II molar relationship by dentoalveolar changes. The Distal jet produced smaller molar distal angulation than the Jones jig and First Class. The First Class appliance showed less anchorage loss, greater percentage of distalization and shorter treatment time than the Jones jig and Distal jet."}
+{"id": "014159", "text": "BSSO was performed first, followed by Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty. Distal portions of the proximal segments were removed in an unequal fashion to restore symmetry to the mandible. The piriform apertures were contoured and opened during Le Fort I to improve breathing. An intermediate splint was used following BSSO to set the mandible position in reference to the uncut maxilla. A second and final splint was used following Le Fort I osteotomy to achieve the final maxilla position in reference to the repositioned mandible. Bone from the resected mandible was harvested and grafted to reconstruct the anterior nasal spine. Fat harvested from the abdomen was processed by Telfa rolling and injected into the face at the end of the procedure."}
+{"id": "014174", "text": "The surface analysis of enamel objectively assessed by an AFM is an excellent tool to study the morphology and texture of different surfaces [27]. This technique allows meticulous observations and evaluations of the textural and morphological characteristics of the enamel at nanometric resolution."}
+{"id": "014183", "text": "The most important rule for surgery of dysphagia is to preserve existing functions and residual functions of swallowing compared to the natural function. High diagnostic precision is required regarding the high number of muscles and brain nerves involved. The decision for surgical measures is made on an interdisciplinary scale in cases of neurological basic disease, and needs to be discussed intensively with the patient and adapted individually."}
+{"id": "014246", "text": "The abutment screws were made of Ti6Al4V. They were the same for all dental implants and the same screw was always used for each implant. As a consequence, one hundred eighty screws were used. No screw breakage occurred in the various tests due to the high mechanical strength of the titanium alloy used."}
+{"id": "014359", "text": "The presence of an OPG superimposition between the third molar roots and the upper half of the mandibular canal, in association or not with one or more radiographic signs are among those proposed by Rood and Shehab10"}
+{"id": "014552", "text": "The panel discussion highlighted several issues to consider when thinking about the implementation of AI into medicine. Data privacy and access is a critical issue and one in which policy and process must be developed to ensure the safe acquisition and transfer of data in the healthcare sector. Many areas will need continued discussion and research for the successful implementation of AI in medicine, including a continued look into workflows and how AI can add value and a look at various ways AI can add value with knowledge augmentation. AI algorithms highlight bias that exists within health system processes and policy. Algorithms have the potential to shed light on areas that need improvement to decrease bias and improve equity in care among all people regardless of race, gender, and socioeconomic status. More research is needed in the area of value and bias of AI in a healthcare setting. Standards for the implementation of AI and a methodical approach to the analysis of the effectiveness of algorithms coupled with training of healthcare professionals in the language of AI algorithms will be helpful to integrate AI into mainstream medicine safely."}
+{"id": "014643", "text": "Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common breathing-related sleep disorder. In addition to the quantitatively dominant obstructive apneas, patients may also be affected by central apneas. This study investigates the frequency of occurrence of central apneas in REM and NREM sleep in patients suffering from OSA of varying severity. When adjusted for the respective REM and NREM sleep duration, a significantly increased frequency of CAEs in NREM was found only in severely affected OSA patients."}
+{"id": "014975", "text": "In the meanwhile, the implant surgery for the right first mandibular molar was performed and a provisional crown was placed so that it could be used to achieve the uprighting of the lower second right molar. The roots were checked radiographically to be parallel and coordination of the arches and final offsets and compensation bends were made (Figure 3)."}
+{"id": "014978", "text": "The transosseous wiring was always combined with the jaws immobilization in mandibular or Le fort fracture patients. This immobilization was recommended for six weeks in adult patients and three weeks in children. It consisted in maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) using arch bars in patients with mandibular fractures and fixation with wires from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone to the lower arch bar in patients with maxillary fractures. Antibiotics were given preoperatively and continued for 7 to 10 days after surgery. A steroid anti inflammatory was given for 3 days preoperatively and continued for 3 to 4 days postoperatively. Chlorhexidine mouth rinse was given when intraoral approach was used. Liquid and soft diet was recommended in patients with jaws immobilization."}
+{"id": "015141", "text": "Another key consideration for tooth fragment reattachment is the choice of adhesive material. In vitro studies3,7 comparing unfilled bonding resins have highlighted fracture strengths similar to that of an intact tooth. Retention of the fractured segment with a total etch technique proved to be greater than with enamel etching alone.2 A study by Singhal12 compared the use of composite resin, compomer, resin modified glass ionomer and resin cements as the adhesive choice for incisor fragment reattachment. The highest fracture strength was seen with use of composite resin. Pusman8 studied the use of bonding resin with or without use of composite resin to reattach tooth fragments. The outcomes revealed composite resin increased the fracture resistance when no preparation was carried out."}
+{"id": "015300", "text": "On the other hand, employing the same bonding systems without employing the phosphoric acid etching procedure exhibited less nanoleakage expression which may be attributed to the simultaneous conditioning and penetration of the tested adhesive systems within the dentin structure [1, 4] which might have avoided the collapse of the collagen fibrils as was previously explained. The observation of sporadic silver nitrate deposits in the adhesive layer when applying both bonding systems in both modes may be attributed to the chemical formula complexity of the tested bonding system that may suffer from phase separation [23] and improper evaporation of the incorporated solvents and residual water content within the adhesives utilized [23–25] which might have caused the reported sporadic silver nitrate particle dispersion in the adhesive layer. A summary of the nanoleakage expression results and underlying mechanism of occurrence obtained in the current experiment is presented in Figure 3."}
+{"id": "015349", "text": "Additional risk factors for damage are the dense approximation of the dental roots in the lower front and in the dorsal portion of the alveolar quadrants, notably between the molars. Furthermore the molar roots can be irregularly oriented in the bucco-lingual direction and have polygonal axial cross sections."}
+{"id": "015419", "text": "The Jones Jig appliance did not interfere in maxillary and mandibular components and did not change maxillomandibular relationship. The Jones Jig appliance promoted distalization of first molars with anchorage loss, significant mesialization and extrusion of first and second premolars, and a significant increase in anterior face height at the end of treatment. Most adverse effects occurred during the intraoral distalization phase and were subsequently corrected with corrective mechanics. There was buccal inclination and protrusion of mandibular incisors. At the end of treatment, overjet and overbite correction was observed."}
+{"id": "015975", "text": "In conclusion, it can certainly be said that the type of whitening and its concentration negatively affect the SBS value, but there are other factors that can play a competitive role, such as the type of bracket and the type of adhesive used for the bonding."}
+{"id": "016004", "text": "This study has some important limitations which must be addressed. The Berlin questionnaire has been a widely used screening questionnaire for OSA but has its constraints. The questionnaire depends on spouse's report, it is prone to recall bias, and its cut off points might not be valid for this population. Validation studies in this environment will be important in this respect. Overnight PSG which is the best method for confirming OSA is currently unavailable in our country and hence the resort to this validated questionnaire. Despite the aforementioned limitations, a previous sleep study in Nigeria had been successfully conducted using this useful instrument. The hospital-based nature of this study limits the gen-eralisability of its findings. The modest sample size and the inability to determine the direction of causality in a cross-sectional study are also limitations. In spite of these limitations however, this study has been able to find the likely risk factors associated with OSA in our environment and could provide a template on which further similar research could be laid."}
+{"id": "016025", "text": "In line with a previous study, our results from the curve estimation regression analysis indicated that patient adherence was low at two stages of the CPAP therapy, namely the initial phase and approximately a year later. The results underlined the importance of appropriate intervention at the right time. Adequate training would also enable the patients to overcome the challenges associated with the inconveniences of the device. Patients would be motivated to regularly use the device when they become aware of the potentials of the CPAP therapy in treating OSA as well as its long-term benefits compared to its inconveniences. Implementing educational and psychological interventions to elevate patients’ awareness and to address their concerns could tremendously increase the rate of patient adherence."}
+{"id": "016099", "text": "The experimental period of 8 weeks might be regarded as short compared with other studies. We believe that the remineralization of WSLs can be mainly attributed to the fluoride released from the toothpaste."}
+{"id": "016295", "text": "Rx cephalometry of upper airways profile analyses craniofacial structures and measure airway column in different points which is particularly important in children with malformations."}
+{"id": "016467", "text": "In a laboratory environment, it was found that Pro Seal has the capacity of withstanding the changes in pH and be resistant to abrasion produced by the tooth brush.20 This result corroborates the present study, since the groups in which Pro Seal sealant was applied presented the lowest carious lesion depth values. In another study, it was found that Pro Seal has a greater capacity to protect enamel against the demineralization process than fluoride varnish or resin sealant of a fluid consistence, reducing the depth of carious lesion up to 92% in comparison to controls.21"}
+{"id": "016469", "text": "Sample size in individual studies ranged from 22 to 96, with a total of 480 patients. Age at the start of aligner's treatment in the evaluated samples ranged from 13 to 72 years."}
+{"id": "016702", "text": "After salivary collection was completed and at the end of the interview, the patients with WSLs were given strict oral hygiene instructions and a fluoridated mouth wash was prescribed."}
+{"id": "016880", "text": "The tensile shear test and the wedge test allowed for the comparison of the mechanical properties of samples prepared with the three different technologies using the two different primers."}
+{"id": "017143", "text": "A sound enamel surface reinforces the opal effect by refracting more of the short wave lengths of light and resulting in a greater perception of the blue colouration [8]. The actual colour shift measured in Group II within this treatment might be due to the timing of the colour measurement following bleaching and assuming that bonding and debonding have no influence on b* values. If indeed this measurement was taken too quickly as previously mentioned, the implication would be that not all the new colour settings were captured at that time. Any remaining changes then would be ascribed to bonding and debonding. A possible extension of the bleaching process in the storage media may also not be excluded."}
+{"id": "017446", "text": "The aim of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy of OA and N-CPAP in the treatment of patients with mild to severe OSA."}
+{"id": "017612", "text": "In this study, we selected a cohort of patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with maxillomandibular setback to assess the association between changes in airway space after the surgery and the occurrence of OSA, using facial bone computed tomography and portable polysomnography. We report that although bimaxillary surgery with maxillomandibular setback induces a significant reduction of the airway space, it does not affect AHI values or induce OSA."}
+{"id": "017756", "text": "Subjects in permanent dentition with dental Class II frequently show a mesial rotation of maxillary first molars. Of 80 molars, 59 showed an increased mesial rotation. Distal rotation of maxillary first molars is a movement that involves the expansion and distal shift of buccal cusps. Although this movement is difficult, CA are effective at allowing maxillary distal molar rotation with an observed 82% predictability. The orthodontic correction of mesial rotation guaranteed 2 mm of gain in the arch perimeter and an improvement in molar relationships, with the movement of transversal expansion showing high accuracy."}
+{"id": "017807", "text": "Routine sensory nerve conduction studies for sural nerve were done to cases and controls. Those with abnormal peroneal compound motor action potential and/or sural sensory nerve action potential were excluded from the study as this might point out to another diagnosis beyond TTS."}
+{"id": "018012", "text": "It is near two decades that orthodontic bracket bonding has been done by means of acid etching technique. Although this method has been extensively accepted by orthodontists, decalcification of enamel adjacent to brackets and consequent increased caries risk are known disadvantages of acid etch technique, more over it requires drying of enamel surface which is important in increasing the bond strength of brackets. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in lasers for medical and dental applications and various lasers have been designed to address different requirements."}
+{"id": "018125", "text": "There were no differences in ramus shape between the two groups in the analysis of horizontal images at the height of the lingula of the mandible. It was difficult to identify the points of measurement, such as the medial point and the center of the mandibular foramen, because the lingula of the mandible had various shapes. One limitation of the present study is that only 1 anatomical factor was indicated as a risk factor. We selected 2 areas at the height of the lingula of the mandible and the mandibular foramen because these 2 points could easily be identified in the horizontal image. It was sometimes difficult to perform measurements owing to metal artifacts, and to identify anatomical points for measurement in the other axial images. Anatomical analyses using horizontal images (either coronal or sagittal) at other heights of the ramus, or using three-dimensional images may reveal more details regarding the association between mandibular anatomy and the occurrence of bad splits in the buccal plate of the proximal segment during SSRO. Another limitation is that the patients in this study underwent operations performed by different surgeons with various surgical experiences, which might have resulted in inter-operator bias in evaluating the outcomes. To minimize this bias, an expert in orthognathic surgery participated in and supervised all surgeries, to ensure the use of the same surgical technique and the same instruments. In the present study, 9 surgeons performed the surgeries. This is a rather large number of surgeons for performing surgeries on only 27 patients, which can increase the variability substantially and reduce the statistical power. Therefore, further studies involving a larger number of samples, and a multicenter study analyzing other risk factors, such as surgical technique, are needed to obtain more evidence to support our present results."}
+{"id": "018292", "text": "Directing the screw downward and medially provides for a strong hold for manipulation and rigid fixation."}
+{"id": "018334", "text": "The models included in the study were imported in the Ortho Analyzer software (3 Shape, Copenhagen K, Denmark), and attachments were virtually placed on the dental elements on the first premolars and first upper molars on both sides. All attachments created were rectangular with beveled edges and were placed in the center of the clinical crown with a long axis of the attachment parallel to the vertical axis of the dental element."}
+{"id": "018505", "text": "Taking facial esthetics and disharmony between the maxilla and mandible anteroposteriorly into account, orthodontic treatment was planned to be conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the goal was to achieve a balanced profile and restore lip posture as well as the skeletal relationship between the maxilla and the mandible. To this end, reverse maxillary protraction was planned to be carried out by means of Petit face mask.3 In order to render anterior repositioning of the maxilla easier, by means of weakening the sutures that hold the other facial bones together, in addition to enhancing its transverse dimension, palatal expansion4would be performed by the modified Haas expansion appliance. As a result, the anteroposterior relationship between the maxilla and the mandible would also be improved and anterior crossbite corrected."}
+{"id": "018837", "text": "In this case a minimization of surgical radicality with local oncological R0 situation could be achieved by applying FTRD."}
+{"id": "018867", "text": "The oral clinical examination showed a partial edentulism and prosthetic rehabilitation through a resin metal crown as well as signs of TMD, as crepitation and occasional blocks of the TMJ."}
+{"id": "019053", "text": "Interestingly, the results of our survey show that patients are generally not overly optimistic about AI systems taking over diagnostic interpretations that are currently performed by radiologists. Patients indicated a general need to be well and completely informed on all aspects of the diagnostic process, both when it comes to how and which of their imaging data are acquired and processed. A strong need of patients to keep human interaction also emerged, particularly when communicating the results of their imaging examinations. These findings indicate that it is important to actively involve patients when developing AI systems for diagnostic, treatment planning, or prognostic purposes, and that patient information and education may be valuable when AI systems with proven value are to enter clinical practice. They also signify the patients’ need for the development of ethical and legal frameworks within which AI systems are allowed to operate. Furthermore, the clear need for human interaction and communication also indicates a potential role for radiologists in directly counseling patients about the results of their imaging examinations. Such a shift in practice may particularly be considered when AI takes over more and more tasks that are currently performed by radiologists. Importantly, the findings of our survey only provide a current understanding on patients’ views on AI in general radiology."}
+{"id": "019228", "text": "The use of attachment significantly increases aligner retention. Conventional rectangular attachments on premolars have the best effect in terms of keeping the aligners on the teeth and retaining the aligner significantly stronger than similar attachments on the incisors."}
+{"id": "019238", "text": "Some values encountered were extremely high (5.39 mm) and these certainly could not be easily treated by conventional restorative techniques alone. These findings indicate that the position of unopposed teeth should be regularly monitored as correction of extreme vertical movements may be impractical or impossible. The use of simple preventive techniques to prevent overeruption, such as that described by Solnit,11 may be useful in these cases when deciding on the provision of the definitive restoration. Where the site is bounded the use of a temporary prosthesis may be all that is required. In unbounded sites an adhesive cantilever prosthesis such as those described by Jepson and Allen12 will also successfully fulfil this preventive role."}
+{"id": "019730", "text": "CPAP therapy is always indicated against OSA irrespective of existing HT because of its beneficial effects on ESS score, AHI and ODI among OSA patients. CPAP therapy might be enough in lowering grades of HT to a normal BP, but it does not seem capable of lowering higher grades sufficiently. Therefore, the combined effect of AHM and CPAP therapy can be used in patients where CPAP therapy is not effective enough to lower BP to a normal range."}
+{"id": "019795", "text": "Clinicians often face a dilemma as to whether they should treat patients with mild OSA or those with low diurnal symptoms. When they prescribe OSA treatment, patients may refuse it or may fail to use it on an on-going basis. With the recent findings on OSA and the risk of cognitive decline, clinicians and patients should now take into account the risk of developing dementia if OSA remains untreated. Identifying vulnerability and protective characteristics in OSA and their impact on cognitive decline has the potential to guide clinicians in treatment decisions, for example, through the use of decision trees or software/web applications based on machine learning and available for clinicians. Patients presenting with OSA and multiple vulnerability factors for cognitive decline could thus be offered treatment even if they only have mild OSA. To improve the management of OSA in this at-risk population, systematic screening for OSA could be implemented in memory clinics and cardiology/cardiovascular hospital units."}
+{"id": "019852", "text": "Assure Plus provided high bond strength between ceramic and brackets and minimized damage to lithium disilicate ceramic during debonding. Assure Plus is recommended for use in orthodontic treatment of adults with ceramic restorations."}
+{"id": "020167", "text": "Previous reports suggest dislocation of the ossicles to decompress the TS, which may lead to conductive hearing loss postoperatively.14, 15 We observed that decompression of the TS could be managed without dislocating ossicles. Decompression of the TS could be done by drilling on the superior part of the tiny bone over the TS. Fine hooks can be used for removal of the rest of the bone on this segment. The distance between IMJ and TS is 2 mm, which permits safe surgical manipulation over that segment."}
+{"id": "020406", "text": "Clinically the condition is characterised by the inability to close the mouth after wide opening, and change in occlusion with open bite and/or lateral mandibular deviation. Palpation in the preauricular region reveals an empty joint fossa and may reveal the condyle anterior to the joint."}
+{"id": "020533", "text": "This study revealed how using CAD/CAM guide technology prevents the trial and error phase when attempting to shape the scapular bone flap to match the contour of the maxilla; thus, improving the surgical efficiency and reducing the time the patient has to be anesthetized within. As the surgeons become more experienced with this technology, the results will even become more favorable as the ischemic and operative times are predicted to be reduced as well as better aesthetic outcomes in complex cases of maxillary reconstructions."}
+{"id": "020664", "text": "Overjet was also frequently used as description for anteroposterior discrepancy. Sometimes it was used as the only parameter as if it was only present in Class II malocclusions. Overjet is very influenced by labial inclination of anterior teeth. The presence of diastemas can also significantly increase it and it is very possible to have a Class I malocclusion with increased overjet. In these cases, the maxillary incisors may be severely labially tipped associated or not with diastemas and the mandibular anterior teeth may be crowded. This does not require great mechanical effort to correct the anteroposterior discrepancy because the posterior teeth are in a Class I relationship. Therefore, this parameter is by no means enough to describe Class II malocclusion severity."}
+{"id": "021201", "text": "Bimaxillary surgery induced postoperative narrowing of the upper pharyngeal airway and leaded to snoring after surgery in some subjects with class III malocclusion. The airway configuration and surgical planning should be exquisitely conducted based on the upper airway for prevention of sleep-related disorders in subjects with class III malocclusion, and a plan must be established to enable the forward repositioning of the maxilla during the surgery conducted through anterior segmental osteotomy or orthodontic premolar extraction in collaboration with the orthodontist."}
+{"id": "021248", "text": "Each operation was performed according to a standardized protocol by two experienced surgeons using a traditionally fabricated surgical splint for guidance."}
+{"id": "021257", "text": "The ARI scores are shown in Table 2. The χ 2 test showed a higher frequency of ARI score 1 for the Speed, Damon 3MX, and In-Ovation R brackets in both the acidic and distilled water environments without any significant difference between them. Equilibrium 2 showed a significant difference in ARI score when exposed to acetic acid 3%, with a higher frequency of ARI score 0 in distilled water and a higher frequency of ARI score 2 in the acidic environment."}
+{"id": "021430", "text": "Digital monitoring allows to reduce the approximations caused by manual measurement with digital caliber or ruler and compass on plaster casts, and to make assessments and comparisons over time of the same patient."}
+{"id": "021467", "text": "There was a statistically significant relationship between the tooth type and the fracture type in shear bond strength values. The greater frequency of cohesive composite resin fracture in the lateral teeth might be due to the lower preparation surface and lower volume of composite resin used for restoration in the lateral incisor compared to the central incisor, leading to lower resistance of restoration against the shear force."}
+{"id": "021754", "text": "Of note, one participant reported that the financial means of a patient was a factor they considered when deciding whether or not to progress towards an OSA diagnosis. Others expressed frustration at not being able to provide optimal care for those patients that are unable to afford CPAP therapy."}
+{"id": "021825", "text": "The aim of this study was to measure adhesive remnants and enamel loss after debonding orthodontic molar tubes and additionally to compare One-Step Finisher and Polisher, Adhesive Residue Remover and tungsten carbide bur referring to their effectiveness and safety."}
+{"id": "021926", "text": "Inserting a screw hast the potential to increase the temperature of the surrounding bone tissue above critical values and therefore can induce osteonecrosis. The trans-cortex is the critical area for the development of temperatures above the osteonecrosis threshold, making effective cooling by irrigation difficult. It would be conceivable to cool the borehole with cold saline solution before inserting the screw or to cool the screw in cold saline solution. If possible, insertion by hand should be considered."}
+{"id": "022157", "text": "This study is the first to compare regional soft tissue changes in 3D following bimaxillary rotational surgery between clockwise and counter-clockwise mandibular setback for class III overbite and open bite deformities. The face was divided into eight regions affected by bimaxillary OGS according to the osteotomy segments, in order to evaluate outcomes. Analyzing the 3D surface by related data points for all facial regions allowed for a precise evaluation of the region of interest, rather than using the typical anatomical landmarks to measure the linear distance and angle between two 3D objects. Our quantitative assessment showed similar patterns of soft tissue changes in terms of mean distance and direction for both groups except the upper lip, lower lip and chin regions. The surface area of the cheek was increased while the surface areas of the angle and chin were decreased. The null hypothesis was therefore rejected."}
+{"id": "022377", "text": "The presented algorithm is only one possibility of completing the task described in the paper. Automatic analysis of tooth enamel thickness provides a number of further possibilities. These include area analysis of enamel thickness (for each individual tooth area separately) and enamel texture analysis. Imaging and quantitative measurement of the enamel structure before installation of braces and after their removal enables to expose the tooth tissue damage extent depending on the used brackets and method of attachment. This makes it possible to deduce which brackets and what technique of their installation is the safest for tooth enamel."}
+{"id": "022973", "text": "Consistent with other studies, it was revealed that patients with CL III have a significantly lower risk of complications compared to CL I and especially CL II patients. We hypothesize that the anterior movement of the mandible in CL II surgeries is a specific risk factor for condylar problems, as was presented in previous reports [33,34]."}
+{"id": "023005", "text": "The aim of the present protocol study is to determine whether the NEP test could be used as a screening tool for OSA and the prevalence of this condition among a population of professional interstate bus drivers. Because increased upper airway collapsibility is one of"}
+{"id": "023058", "text": "The new position of the upper jaw has improved the frontal exposure of the incisal group, restoring muscle tone to the upper lip, which appears well balanced both in frontal and lateral views with a preserved and improved labial competence."}
+{"id": "023093", "text": "Another point that attracts attention is that all previous studiesalong with some othersevaluated the remaining adhesive on the surface of denture base materials by visual methods, as recommended by the washability test.Creams are usually transparent and colorless, or pink materials, which make difficult the identification of small amounts on a pink denture surface even if they are colored differently from the base or using sophisticated image processing methods. This makes visual methods not the most efficient ones for the recording of small amounts of adhesives, even though they are recommended in ISO."}
+{"id": "023234", "text": "Considering these results, more attention should be paid to orthodontic treatment plans because of the long treatment course. Orthodontists should better use the simplest treatment plan with the shortest course and least complicated appliances as possible, which should help in any lockdown or pandemic in the future. In addition, patients should be educated on how to manage their dental problems if they are not able to seek a dental office for help."}
+{"id": "023359", "text": "Although tooth bleaching products are generally considered safe and effective when used as directed, the observed reduced fatigue resistance and flexural strength of dentin exposed to simulated repeated whitening strips treatments in vitro raise concern for the structural integrity and longevity of dentin. Until the effect of whitening strips and extensive bleaching on the long-term mechanical properties of human dentin is fully elucidated, it remains prudent to advise patients to avoid excessive use of whitening strips directly on dentin."}
+{"id": "023445", "text": "The relationship between OSA and obesity can be explained by the increased collapsibility of the airway due to substantial fat accumulation in two areas: the pharyngeal airway and lungs (Figure 1). First, the pharyngeal airway may be decreased due to an excess of soft tissue content relative to the existing size of the mandibular skeleton. This can increase tissue pressure surrounding the pharyngeal airway. Second, the lung volume may be decreased by excessive visceral fat deposition in a given chest volume between the vertebrae and rib cage. These can reduce tracheal traction forces and tension in the pharyngeal wall [60]. Therefore, an efficient strategy for the treatment of OSA would be to increase the framework size or reduce the soft tissue volume. On the other hand, the development of postoperative OSA after mandibular setback surgery could be related to the reduction of both the mandibular skeletal framework size and the soft tissue surrounding the pharyngeal airway. It can be hypothesized that the collapsibility of the pharyngeal airway is different between patients with OSA and patients with mandibular prognathism. In addition, a considerable BMI difference between patients with mandibular prognathism and patients with OSA can explain the rare occurrence of postoperative OSA after mandibular setback surgery."}
+{"id": "023508", "text": "Orthodontic bracket debonding has been shown to be a detrimental process for enamel surface.Debonding method, adhesive type, and finishing instruments are among the factors that determine the enamel damages after deboning. Debonding is inevitable after fixed orthodontic treatment, and therefore, selecting a proper technique can reduce enamel damages. In line with previous studies, the results of the present study indicate that increase in the number of enamel cracks and the amount of adhesive remnants after debonding are dependent upon the type of adhesive resin and debonding method used. Although the type of adhesive had a significant effect on increasing the length of enamel cracks, no significant difference was found in the length of enamel cracks after debonding between the two types of debonding instruments used in this study."}
+{"id": "023579", "text": "As the skull is one of the most complex areas in a human body in both anatomical and surgical perspectives, surgical management is extremely difficult when working with a wide variety of lesions. But during the last decades, the endonasal endoscopic route was considered as a suitable approach for several skull-based lesions. A main advantage is that when performing a skull-based surgery through the nose with the aid of an endoscope, direct visualization of neurovascular structures of different areas of the skull base can be obtained with minimum brain displacement and manipulation. The endoscope also provides a wider and multiangle close-up view which is of much importance in the surgical field [32]. For diseases like rectal cancer, MRI plays a key role as it can accurately depict the local extent of the cancer and generates relevant information required for prognoses which can directly influence the choice of the optimal therapeutic procedure used for each individual patient which encourages the area of personalized medicine [33]."}
+{"id": "023602", "text": "Wind instrument players can experience a complete embouchure loss after surgery because of changes in the position of incisors, lip relationship and tongue position relative to the shape of the oral cavity and as a result of neurosensory changes."}
+{"id": "023704", "text": "It is crucial for clinicians to evaluate patients with OSA or COPD for OS. Patients with COPD will generally report poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue while patients with OSA generally present with excessive snoring, unrefreshed sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness."}
+{"id": "024023", "text": "The present study provides a better understanding of patients’ experience during clear aligners treatment. Increasing the awareness of the clinicians can improve their ability to face problems related to the orthodontic treatment and to provide to their patients better professional advices and counselling."}
+{"id": "024160", "text": "All participants will receive oral hygiene treatment and guidance on the first day of the study. The choice of a single treatment session aims to verify its feasibility in clinical practice, given that orthodontic maintenance is usually performed monthly. Reevaluation after 7 and 21 days will be important to determine if the reduction in inflammation was maintained."}
+{"id": "024240", "text": "The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of enamel demineralization in young patients treated with fixed appliances."}
+{"id": "024241", "text": "The aim of this study was to observe the changes in tooth colour and shear bond strength associated with debonding and/or bleaching processes."}
+{"id": "024322", "text": "The examination of the motility is first performed by asking the patient to make voluntary movements:"}
+{"id": "024337", "text": "Among the methods of manufacturing medical screws, one can distinguish the additive processing described in the article [25,26]. In contrast to machining, the additive processing consists of applying and bonding successive layers of material until the finished medical screw is formed. The authors have described the method of manufacturing a medical screw with the SLM additive technology consisting in sintering successive layers of material powder with a concentrated laser energy beam. The advantage of this method is that it does not require the use of supporting structures in the printouts, which allows for printing more complex shapes. This method works well if you need to produce many screws in the shortest possible time, because the entire workspace is filled with models and produced all in one process. Other advantages are high process efficiency and high strength of the received screws. The screws produced in this way have a homogenous structure."}
+{"id": "024577", "text": "It is important to note that patients recently submitted to a surgery will always have an at least moderate risk of bleeding (Chart 14) and the possibility of using systemic thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of acute PTE needs to carefully assess the risks and benefits and should be discussed with the surgeon."}
+{"id": "024955", "text": "Achieving and ensuring perfect teeth alignment and aesthetics in a developing dentition are not the duties of paediatric dentists. The role of paediatric dentists is to minimise the detrimental effects caused by malocclusion in the developing dentition and facilitate an easy transition of care to orthodontists later [16]. Paediatric dentists and orthodontists should work hand in hand to streamline what is achievable during growing phases of the dentitions concerning interceptive orthodontics [17]. Knowledge on the mechanics of fixed orthodontic is useful for paediatric dentists. The knowledge will allow paediatric dentists to improvise treatment methods to address the challenges faced when the use of a removable appliance meets its limits."}
+{"id": "025255", "text": "Anatomically, the lateral or articular mass consists of the superior and inferior articular facets and is anterolateral to lamina. We used midpoint of lateral mass as a reference point and screw was passed in a trajectory through lateral mass1 mm medial and 1 mm inferior at midpoint in 20 degree upward and lateral direction under fluoroscopic guidance, in order to prevent neurovascular injury. Since the trajectory is directed away from the spinal cord, this technique has a lower risk of injuring the spinal cord as suggested by Magerl13 and widely followed in clinical studies like Wang et al.14"}
+{"id": "025368", "text": "Combining IM fixation with the Ilizarov fixator firstly adds to the stability of the construct.10 This counteracts any adverse effect that reaming may have on regenerate formation.11 The next benefit of the addition of the IM nail is the prevention of axial deviation during the fixation period and also after removal of the fixator over the long term. This was proved in our series with very low rates of axial deviation. To achieve proper axial alignment of fragments in this method, care needs to be exercised in choosing the entry point of the IM nail. A lateral entry point in the upper tibia or upper femur will predispose to varus angulation and a medial entry point will predispose to valgus angulation. Deviation can also be caused by a narrow nail at the flared meta-diaphyseal junction, which is subjected to excessive muscular forces. This can be prevented by adding Poller screws.12 A posteriorly placed screw in the upper tibia can prevent procurvatum. This is crucial in polio as even a few degrees of procurvatum can mimic a fixed flexion deformity of the knee and lead to a hand-to-knee gait.4"}
+{"id": "025371", "text": "The early detection and treatment of crossbite is crucial in order to avoid malformations of greater importance. It is advisable to eliminate bad oral habits at an early age in order to avoid severe occlusal repercussions."}
+{"id": "025541", "text": "BOA/BAPPRAS guidelines recommend longitudinal wound extensions for debridement along fasciotomy incisions to preserve the longitudinal running neurovascular structures and perforating arteries medially and laterally that form the basis of local flap reconstructive options in the leg. Therefore, the debridement needs to be meticulous and performed by an experienced surgeon to avoid unnecessarily damaging important structures that may jeopardize future soft tissue reconstructive procedures. The host institution is a tertiary referral centre and a major trauma centre, and as such, debridement is performed by senior orthopaedic surgeons in conjunction with plastic surgeons. Although this technique has yet to produce a complication with soft tissue coverage, it is still important to have plastic surgical support in these cases as should the technique fail, the limb will almost certainly require a free flap with its associated morbidity. Careful assessment of the radiographs, the soft tissue and the pre-existing wound are made in conjunction with a senior plastic surgeon to assess the suitability of the case for transverse debridement. If doubt exists or the anticipated soft tissue defect will be larger than the anticipated bony debridement, then a traditional longitudinal debridement is undertaken so as not to exclude the possibility of a local flap."}
+{"id": "025590", "text": "Children with a history of severe lower tract infection (LRTI) in early life have a significant risk of developing OSA and asthma. A study analyzing the clinical data on 114 children for the first 5 years of life showed that early LRTI increased the risk of pediatric OSA independent of other covariates and risk factors. This study also showed that children who had severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis during infancy had 2 times higher odds of OSA at 5 years in comparison with children without exposure [32]. Lower respiratory tract infection during infancy is also a known risk factor for developing asthma in children. This could be related to altered lung mechanics occurring from the LRTI early in life or that the initial predisposition made the child vulnerable to the LRTI [33]."}
+{"id": "025605", "text": "Objective criteria should be utilized to determine the amount of bone atrophy. A 3D assessment of the maxillary and zygomatic bone volume is recommended."}
+{"id": "025995", "text": "The clinical advantage lies in the less discomfort of the patient who does not tolerate the classic impressions in alginate."}
+{"id": "026052", "text": "The outcome of this in vitro study should be interpreted carefully in terms of its clinical relevance because this study did not include any durability challenges such as pH cycling, thermal cycling, and cyclic loading which simulate the physiological conditions inside the oral cavity that include repeated expansion and contraction stresses due to oral cavity temperature variation and erosive challenges induced by acidic chemicals in saliva and food [33, 34]. Thus, it may be speculated that the aforementioned factors may enhance the nanoleakage expression at the adhesive-dentin interface in the clinical situation."}
+{"id": "026073", "text": "To obtain a smoother enamel surface, some bleaching gel manufacturers recommend polishing after bleaching, which can be performed with abrasive discs and/or polishing pastes. Commercially available polishing pastes are typically composed of a lubricant base, thickener, emulsifier, and micronized diamonds of different particle sizes. Another recommended clinical step is the topical application of neutral fluoride on the enamel after whitening to minimize the transient erosive effect, as the whitening gel acts in a non-specific manner."}
+{"id": "026139", "text": "Many surgeries require operating on varying architectures of bony structures making them difficult and time-consuming; training beforehand can be a great tool to reduce any associated risk. The case of the skull base middle cranial fossa surgical approach to the internal auditory canal (IAC) is of such a kind. To ease the surgical planning and improve the surgical simulation, researchers used VP to 3D print the MCF where the IAC was filled with yellow resin. The surgeons rated the drilling process of the model at 9.2 out of 10 indicating that the 3D printed model is a favorable tool to create a realistic representation of the anatomy [78]. In a skull base surgery, 3D printed models were useful in locating the meningioma and the bilateral vasculature first in the model suggesting the benefits of VP in resident training and patient education [79]. Desktop VP has impacted canine surgeries as well. A research report describes the surgical planning and transconjunctival excision of a conjunctival cyst in a dog using a 3D printed anatomic model. A portion of the dog skull was 3D printed using 300µm layer thickness on the Formlabs Form 2 3D printer. Surgery was simulated using the 3D model printed which demonstrated that a transconjunctival approach to the cyst was likely feasible without necessitating an orbitotomy. This surgical technique permitted a minimally invasive procedure that eliminated the need to perform an orbitotomy or sacrifice the globe [42]."}
+{"id": "026286", "text": "ChatGPT has proven its ability in assisting researchers with medical and dental research writing, as reported by previously published papers. The use of ChatGPT has enabled researchers to summarize, translate, and paraphrase scientific information. However, being fully dependent on ChatGPT for research writing is not advisable since scientific writing generated by this chatbot has not yet been fully evaluated and more studies are required to investigate the ethical concerns and negative impacts of this program."}
+{"id": "026305", "text": "The introduction of an easy-to-make and inexpensive trial device into the therapeutic pathway of OSAS may circumvent this problem as it seems to allow effective and individual preliminary classification of these patients as responders or nonresponders to treatment."}
+{"id": "026352", "text": "The IQLFIIO cut lines were set in positions corresponding to the post-operative CT scans. The 3D rendered model was cut exactly along these lines. The selected IQLFIIO part was moved into the target position by manual input of the known distances. All the measurements and VSP have been done by one researcher who has been experienced and trained in using these software tools consequently."}
+{"id": "026475", "text": "Many researchers have explored the disadvantages of using digital dentures in terms of clinical uses.13 These disadvantages include lack of aesthetics and phonics, as well as difficulties in determining centric relation and occlusal vertical dimension mainly due to the lack of experience among dental practitioners.21,22 The accuracy of impressions was also considered and taken as one of the drawbacks of digital dentures, with relining suggested as a practical solution for this problem.23 Consequently, the follow-up sessions are more with digital dentures compared to conventional dentures and obviously this adds more to the total cost.21"}
+{"id": "026585", "text": "Therefore, practically the C2 level is often an important alternative option for screw placement. However, our clinical observation indicates that the OA patients usually had smaller size of C2 pedicles than general population. Definitely, OA is a congenital disease with the possibility of multiple anomalous bony anatomies and the data of measurements of C2 from general population may not apply to patients with OA. Many techniques have been established for the atlantoaxial fixation or occipitocervical arthrodesis, which including the Magerl, Harms, and Wright techniques refer to a screw anchored at different locations of C2 vertebra. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the morphometric features of C2 for screw placement in OA to guide the safe use of those fixation techniques in this specific population."}
+{"id": "026658", "text": "Although direct tumor erosion or pressure necrosis secondary to a mass effect can lead to aortic rupture, it is important to recognize that the variations in hemodynamic parameters caused by systemic chemotherapy can also contribute to weakening of the aortic wall. Over time, this weakening can lead to formation of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms and, eventually, rupture of the aorta. These complications have been rare in the setting of lymphoma; however, in our experience, they can be safely and effectively treated using an endovascular approach. It is important to consider abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysms as a potential entity in the differential diagnosis for patients with a history of lymphoma who present with chest or back pain."}
+{"id": "026820", "text": "Hyperdivegents presented thinner cortical bone in the anterior of the maxilla between the central and the lateral incisors. Less dense cortical bone was found between maxillary second premolar and first molar on the palatal side and also between the maxillary first molar and the second molar on the buccal side in this group too. Normal showed higher density values in the posterior of the maxilla compared to the other two groups. No significant differences were found among three groups in mandible."}
+{"id": "026914", "text": "Upper molar distalization with orthodontic aligners properly digitally planned by the orthodontist seems to allow a good control of the vertical dimension. A satisfactory control of the incisal torque without loss of anchorage during the orthodontic procedure was also observed."}
+{"id": "026954", "text": "There are several limitations that must be considered when conducting this in vitro study. Oral environment is constantly subjected to thermal fluctuations and mechanical forces. Thermal changes caused by hot and cold dishes and beverages lead to the expansion and contraction of materials in the mouth. The expansion and contraction by thermal stimuli that repeat many times per day affect the stress of materials present in the oral cavity [24]. Although the thermocycling protocol was established, it still differs a lot from the oral mouth environment. Changes in pH and mechanical loading were not performed. Further, interindividual variability of the oral environment of every patient under the in vitro conditions cannot be simulated."}
+{"id": "027163", "text": "The neural network models developed in the present study are computationally light and do not require significant resources. For example, analyzing both of the test sets using the neural network models running on a basic personal computer takes less than five seconds, while manual scoring could easily take weeks. The near instantaneous nature of the neural network approach could enable real-time applications for monitoring or as a preliminary estimate for OSA severity before manual scoring. A possible future direction of this study could involve further clinical validation of the presented neural network. The neural network could be used alongside standard manual scoring and the results could be compared to validate the performance of the network also in clinical practice. Furthermore, the neural network could be validated to accurately estimate AHI in different sleeping positions."}
+{"id": "027426", "text": "Upper airway endoscopy during drug-induced sedation is presently not standard practice in the UK, but this technique might be of theoretical value in selecting patients for this therapy by describing the level of upper airway obstruction. Endoscopy was not considered when screening patients for the current trial and a better characterisation of the upper airway would likely have led to a greater number of ‘non-responders’ being prospectively excluded. Future trials using transcutaneous electrical stimulation could screen for likely ‘responders’, define patient phenotypes, test the feasibility and effectiveness of this method in the community and test whether it is sufficient to treat REM-related events. Endoscopy could also describe the site of upper airway collapse during delivery of transcutaneous electrical current. It is important to identify the impact of posture in this method and whether a treatment effect is observed in the non-supine posture. Determinants of effectiveness like posture and neck flexion should be studied in future. These points are important in the context that 2 of the 17 responders had a normal ODI in the sham night. Whether this improvement compared with the baseline sleep study is due to the taping of the submental region is unclear, but changes in the neuromuscular tone due to increased afferent feedback could, in part, contribute to our findings. This study was set up to test transcutaneous electrical stimulation for a single night only and it remains to be shown whether use of dermal patches and transcutaneous stimulation over longer follow-up periods is a feasible method and whether responders benefit symptomatically."}
+{"id": "027544", "text": "Comparing results from previous studies published elsewhere objectively with the results of this study, treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with LAUP does appear to deliver short-term benefits, but there is also a high risk that the treatment will deliver no improvement and an unacceptably high risk that treatment may even have the opposite effect to that intended. No factors predictive for success or failure of the therapy were found. Whether the therapy is successful appears to be largely a matter of chance and appears to depend on individual postoperative wound healing/scar formation and thus on the size of the oropharyngeal and velopharyngeal spaces produced. In addition, our study shows that the therapeutic effect decreases over an extended period of time and with the aging process."}
+{"id": "027670", "text": "In this study, the whole group showed a significant decrease in the CMAP amplitude from the orbicularis oris and the orbicularis oculi muscles (ENoG), and a statistically significant prolongation of R1 and R2 latencies was found 1 month postoperatively (blink reflex test). This shows that the blink reflex test and ENoG are sensitive methods for the objective assessment of facial nerve function in patients after parotid surgery. They could provide valuable support in ENT practice. Our study further demonstrated the safety of the intraoperative facial nerve monitoring device and its efficacy in reducing the prevalence of transient palsy of the facial nerve after surgery for benign parotid tumors. It does not affect surgery or its duration. The use of monitoring largely reduced the negative influence of local factors and significantly reduced the prevalence of transient facial nerve palsy. Therefore, the routine use of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring can be strongly recommended in all parotid surgical procedures."}
+{"id": "027802", "text": "Road traffic crashes remain the major cause of maxillofacial injuries and motorcycle related crashes were predominantly responsible for most fractures. These injuries are often associated with concomitant injuries and attendant loss of consciousness. Thus there is need for continual advocacy on preventive measures and enforcement of traffic rules to reduce the observed high incidence of maxillofacial fractures."}
+{"id": "027962", "text": "In this study, there was almost no difference in the amount or pattern of condylar head change between groups with large and small MD, and the distance between condylar heads in the coronal plane showed a more stable change in pattern in the group with large MD. Therefore, it can be said that accurate measurement and analysis preoperatively is required to reduce change in the proximal segment during orthognathic surgery regardless of the degree of asymmetry. Furthermore, effort should be put on the selection of condylar head location when fixing proximal and distal segments to minimize relapse due to condylar head displacement postoperatively. PBO was conducted on patients with the possibility of a large change in condylar head location, and removal of contact interruption through additional procedures had a positive influence on conserving condylar head location."}
+{"id": "028309", "text": "It should be mentioned that the research subject matter undertaken is a response of the scientific world to the needs reported by medical producers for the development of an effective technology for the production of medical screws made of austenitic steel in terms of obtaining products of the highest quality. Therefore, the Lublin University of Technology has undertaken to develop a new method of forming medical screws using metal forming processes. This method is unique on a global scale, and its assumptions have been granted patent protection [27,28]. This paper presents assumptions and analysis of the new process of forming medical screws of steel with a cylindrical head. The positive results obtained from computer simulations, laboratory tests, industrial research and quality tests confirmed the effectiveness of the developed technology and the validity of its use in future in the production of screws made of 316 LVM steel used in the medical industry."}
+{"id": "028441", "text": "The present study was designed to provide information about the current methods used to prevent enamel demineralization during multibracket therapy in German orthodontic university departments and practices. It also aims to compare these methods with the available evidence from the scientific literature. The study’s objective is to guide efficient prevention strategies of enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances."}
+{"id": "028667", "text": "Both groups started and received similar orthodontic treatment lasting approximately 4 years. The long-term analysis was immediately after conclusion of the orthodontic treatment and then 1 year after the complete rehabilitation and orthodontic treatment. The evaluation was done at two times, immediately after removal of the orthodontic appliance and 1 year later, after prosthetic treatment in CLP patients and 1 year later in NCLP patients."}
+{"id": "028826", "text": "In the current study, the orthodontic bonding material strength and antimicrobial properties were assessed and compared by incorporating AgNPs into three different commercial hydrophilic and hydrophobic adhesive systems."}
+{"id": "029028", "text": "The final result supports the idea that, if the position of the impacted canines is favorable, it is possible to recover them by using simple biomechanics with aligners and without auxiliaries."}
+{"id": "029104", "text": "Several authors have reported that the pharyngeal airway space narrows in patients with CLP at the soft palate and the base of the tongue in accordance with mandibular retrognathism. Valiathan et al suggested that changes in oropharyngeal volume might be attributable to mandibular growth."}
+{"id": "029554", "text": "The results of our study show that the IMT is associated with cumulative inflammation and long-term glycemic control in patients with severe HS. We have also observed that HbA1c levels are linked to the presence of metabolic syndrome and that vitamin D levels inversely correlate with disease severity and extension. Patients with severe HS with active tobacco consumption, long disease duration, and metabolic comorbidities, especially abnormal glucose values or diabetes mellitus, may represent a subset of patients with particularly elevated cardiovascular risk."}
+{"id": "029606", "text": "Laboratory abnormalities in severe HS patients can prompt unnecessary medical utilization due to concern for malignancy or infection, and we have observed patients undergo bone marrow biopsy unnecessarily. Better characterization of laboratory values can prevent unwarranted concern."}
+{"id": "029690", "text": "Older adults become more susceptible to multiple diseases with the advance of immunosenescence. It is essential to study the interplay and mechanisms to bring viable solutions for preventing and treating these diseases and increasing the health span of elderly populations."}
+{"id": "029899", "text": "A highest frequency of urinary microRNAs indicative of renal fibrosis was observed in FD patients with normal albuminuria and a lower frequency was found in FD patients with pathological albuminuria (Figure 2)."}
+{"id": "029929", "text": "Because of the large size of the defect and also because the local resources were exhausted we chose the free tissue transfer consisting in a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap as a covering solution. The criteria for choosing this flap were: the large size of the defect, the great reliability of this flap considering the radiation injuries in the recipient area and also less morbidity of the donor area."}
+{"id": "030471", "text": "These findings allow a better understanding of Darier exacerbations, highlighting the role of cutaneous dysbiosis in DD inflammation and associated malodour. Our data also suggest potential biomarkers and targets of intervention for DD."}
+{"id": "030614", "text": "Unlike most commonly known forms of amyloid, which are thought to provoke pathologic processes, PMEL is an example of a benign and functional amyloid. Here we show how mutations in the PMEL TMD are associated with an aberrant amyloid fibril biogenetic pathway, altering the normally physiological amyloid to produce a pathological form that impairs pigmentation within melanocytes. Epidermal melanocytes from animals harboring these mutations are depleted of melanosomes [34] and have decreased viability in vitro and perhaps in vivo [31], suggesting that the formation of these aberrant fibrils impairs melanosome integrity and may be toxic to the pigment cell. Although the TMD does not form part of the amyloid core, mutations in this domain influence TMD oligomeric properties that reverberate distally on the association between the amyloidogenic domains of PMEL, as evidenced by an abnormal packing of the mutant PMEL fibrils. We also show that secondary mutations found in animals in which the pigment dilution associated with the primary pathogenic TMD mutations are dampened or reverted prevent the accumulation of these PMEL isoforms in fibrillogenic compartments, thus mimicking a PMEL knockout. This finding indicates that it is less detrimental to express no fibrils at all than to express aberrant fibrils that inhibit pigmentation and might be toxic to the melanocyte."}
+{"id": "030759", "text": "The surgical management is primarily driven by the necessity of histological diagnosis for correct tumor staging, then a radical excision may be accomplished as an isolated procedure or as the completion of the regional lymph node dissection."}
+{"id": "030978", "text": "The varied presentations of ocular adnexal and orbital amyloidosis often lead to a significant delay between first symptoms and diagnosis. Immediate confirmatory biopsy and subsequent systemic workup should be performed whenever amyloidosis is highly suspected."}
+{"id": "030979", "text": "Amyloidoses are a group of usually fatal diseases, probably caused by protein misfolding and subsequent aggregation into amyloid fibrillar deposits. The mechanisms involved in amyloid fibril formation are largely unknown and are the subject of current, intensive research. In an attempt to identify possible amyloidogenic regions in proteins for further experimental investigation, we have developed and present here a publicly available online tool that utilizes five different and independently published methods, to form a consensus prediction of amyloidogenic regions in proteins, using only protein primary structure data."}
+{"id": "031019", "text": "Lichen amyloidosis is the most common form of PLCA. Initially, it presents as firm, discrete, hyperkeratotic, match-head to pea-sized, skin-colored or hyperpigmented, dome-shaped or hemispheric papules [14]. Later on, the lesions coalesce into plaques with a rippled pattern."}
+{"id": "031069", "text": "One can think of how different aggregate conformations may form under the same experimental conditions. According to the nucleated polymerization model, fibril formation starts from nucleation. To form a nucleus, a group of soluble protein molecules must get together and misfold into an amyloid structure. Once the nucleus is formed, it can rapidly grow into fibrils by capturing and refolding protein molecules from the solution. The number of fibrils can grow either via formation of new nuclei, or via fragmentation of the existing fibrils. Amyloid nucleation is a stochastic process, so if the protein can misfold into several different amyloid conformations, then it is probable that the structure of the first nucleus formed in one tube will be different from one in another tube. Fibril elongation rate is much higher than the nucleation rate, so once the first nucleus is formed, it can grow into a long fibril and, due to vigorous shaking, get fragmented into many short fibrils before the second nucleus is formed. In case of such scenario, once all protein in the tube gets aggregated, the majority of amyloid fibrils will have the same conformation as the first nucleus, and the stochastic nature of nucleation can be the reason for polymorphism of amyloid fibrils formed under identical conditions."}
+{"id": "031433", "text": "Although DEB has been shown to result from mutations in COL7A1, relatively little is known about the mechanistic consequences of the mutations in relation to blistering. To facilitate our understanding of DEB, we have evaluated the presence of anti-skin autoantibodies in a wider cohort of patients suffering from DEB and ascertained whether they correlated with the disease severity."}
+{"id": "031907", "text": "Much information useful for performing Mendelian randomization studies is now available in the form of summarized data. In this paper, we have provided formulae for calculating an allele score estimate with arbitrarily chosen weights using summarized data on genetic associations with the risk factor and with the outcome. This enables allele score estimates using equal or external weights to be calculated without requiring individual‐level data. The allele score estimate using crude weights (those calculated from the data under analysis) in a one‐sample setting is approximately equal to a commonly used summary statistic (inverse‐variance weighted) estimate. This summary statistic estimate is equivalent to an estimate from a weighted linear regression analysis. Both the allele score (calculated either using individual‐level or summarized data) and summary statistic estimates with crude weights are approximately equal to an estimate from a 2SLS method. This means that allele score and summary statistic estimates using crude weights suffer from weak instrument bias and are biased in the direction of the observational association. In contrast, allele score and summary statistic estimates using equal or externally derived weights give valid tests of the null hypothesis of no causal effect. Estimates from the summary statistic method using external weights are conservatively biased towards the null when the external weights are imprecise estimates of the true weights."}
+{"id": "032235", "text": "Upadacitinib is an orally administered drug approved to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis."}
+{"id": "032278", "text": "The main obstacle to the use of topical retinoids is the high incidence of skin irritation. Patients may develop dermatitis with redness and tenderness of the skin. This usually occurs within two to four weeks after initiation of treatment and usually disappears when the treatment is continued. Nevertheless, many patients discontinue therapy because of these reactions. It has been found that derivatives of retinol such as RP do not produce the same irritant effects as retinoic acid and induce the same cellular and molecular changes observed with the application of retinoic acid [10]."}
+{"id": "032480", "text": "Our main aim was to determine HS prevalence in the Australian adult population focussing on the demographics, management pathways and diagnosis rate of individuals living with HS."}
+{"id": "033090", "text": "FD is a multisystemic and multifaceted disease that starts early in life, with symptoms occurring during childhood with progressive evolution that worsens throughout adulthood. Nowadays with early diagnosis of kidney involvement in FD and new proposed therapies a better outcome is expected."}
+{"id": "033142", "text": "Hyper-IgE syndromes (OMIM#147060) lead to newborn onset AD phenotype, recurrent skin and respiratory infections with highly elevated serum IgE. The general mechanism of AD in this group of diseases appears to be due to gene defects within the pathways for T-cell differentiation resulting an imbalance in immune responses.55 Hyper-IgE syndrome is most commonly caused by heterozygous dominant negative mutations in the gene STAT3, which encodes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 is part of an intracellular signalling pathway activated by numerous cytokines including IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine integral to Th-17 cell differentiation. Accordingly, immune dysfunction in this disorder is attributed to diminished Th-17 cells and their cytokine IL-17, which plays an important role in defence against bacterial and fungal pathogens.56 Advances in molecular testing have uncovered additional genes involved in this pathway that cause hyper-IgE phenotypes including ZNF431, DOCK8 and CARD11. The transcription factor ZNF431 regulates STAT3 expression, and DOCK8 is involved in T-cell development. It is proposed that these mutations lead to a bias towards Th-2 differentiation at the expense of Th-17 contributing to the hyper-IgE and atopic phenotype.55, 57 Mutations in CARD11 also cause a hyper-IgE phenotype with AD (OMIM # 617638). Heterozygous dominant negative mutations affect the T-cell receptor induced NFkB and mTOR activation leading to defective activation of T cells and a bias towards Th-2 proliferation.58 CARD11 mutations are highly penetrant, but show variable expressivity within families and between kindreds with identical mutations, suggesting other genetic or environmental influences on the phenotype.58, 59"}
+{"id": "033771", "text": "We report two patients with severe HS associated with PsA and a complex comorbidity profile, successfully treated with apremilast, and review the use of this new molecule in the management of HS."}
+{"id": "033960", "text": "A 66-year-old Caucasian woman complaining of conjunctival hemorrhage and chemosis in both eyes for the last five years had been discontinuously treated with topical antibiotics and corticosteroids without any evident improvement."}
+{"id": "033964", "text": "A major difficulty is to identify the biological pathway whose inhibition will be the most effective for blocking the pathogenic mechanism of the disease. Recent reports indicate that the IL-36 and IL-17 pathways are the most upregulated pathways in both clinical NS subtypes, pointing to these biological cascades as major therapeutic targets."}
+{"id": "034041", "text": "In the present case complete haemogram and thyroid profile values were found within the normal range which ruled out the possibility of myxoedema. Congo red staining was found to be negative, which ruled out amyloidosis. Erythropoietic protoporphyria exhibits similar cutaneous clinical manifestations but absence of similar oral presentation ruled out the possibility of this disease. All in all, the clinical and histologic features of the present case favored a diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis."}
+{"id": "034075", "text": "Amyloidosis is by definition deposition of aggregates of proteins in a characteristic β-pleated sheet fibrillar conformation. Amyloid is recognized by its histological appearance particularly after some specific stainings among which Congo red most commonly is used. A green birefringence is the hallmark of all kinds of amyloid. There is a number of emerging diagnostic techniques based on labelling with antibodies, other proteins and some other ligands that are at least to some degree specific for amyloid and may be used for in vivo detection of amyloid. With some exceptions, such techniques are still not sensitive enough to detect small deposits. Biopsy stained with Congo red and examined in a polarization microscope is necessary presently."}
+{"id": "034548", "text": "Although concomitant SLE and amyloidosis is an exceptional combination it remains possible. Indeed amyloidosis can complicate any chronic inflammatory condition including SLE. It can be localized or generalized. Treatment is directly based on the management of the exacerbations of SLE"}
+{"id": "034623", "text": "Population based studies show that HS is associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality independent of confounders [56]. It has been postulated that, similar to the association seen in rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions, the increased risk of cardiovascular disease may be explained by uncontrolled inflammation. These observations further support the need for identifying more effective therapies for HS and for longitudinal outcomes studies in HS to investigate the impact of immune suppression in this patient population."}
+{"id": "034823", "text": "Surgical management of HS is the last resort for advanced disease that is resistant to medical therapy and drainage,3 supported by 82% of patients being Hurley stage III and 91% having undergone previous incision and drainage in this cohort. Furthermore, previously reported risk factors such as smoking and obesity1 were present in these patients. Despite family history being implicated in one third of HS cases,1 none of the study patients reported other family members with the disease, suggesting that these patients represent the sporadic variety of HS as opposed to the autosomal dominant and familial variant.8"}
+{"id": "034858", "text": "FU hair transplantation could be an effective method for managing scar tissue on the scalp and offers several advantages, including a high transplantation survival rate and satisfactory postoperative results."}
+{"id": "035009", "text": "This study corroborates previously reported literature by demonstrating that the cytoarchitecture of HS lesions is different from that of perilesional skin and NS. Hidradenitis suppurativa lesions have thicker epidermal layers as well as increased dermal cellular infiltrate compared with perilesional skin and NS. Furthermore, characterization of the dermal infiltrate reveals that HS lesions have a preponderance of CD3+ and CD31+ cells compared with NS, suggesting a role of chronic inflammation and abnormalities in vascularization. Work is ongoing to characterize the involvement of the molecular signaling pathway to identify potential therapeutic targets aside from surgical excision, especially in the sporadic, nonfamilial HS population."}
+{"id": "035708", "text": "Endocrine tumors can develop as sporadic cancers caused by somatic mutations or in the context of familial Mendelian inherited diseases. Congenital forms are caused by germinal heterozygote autosomal dominant mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes inherited from the affected parent, or, in extremely rare cases, developed de novo at the embryo level. The genetic defect results mainly in a loss of cell growth control in target endocrine cells, leading to tumor development."}
+{"id": "035936", "text": "Patients in the upadacitinib groups experienced rapid improvements from baseline in quality of life, with over 80% of patients reporting a meaningful improvement in quality of life by week 2; response rates were maintained through week 52."}
+{"id": "036596", "text": "A growing body of evidence is being published to guide the treatment of HS. HS therapy should be based upon the evaluation of the inflammatory components as well as the scarring and should be directed by evidence-based therapy. Treatment should include surgery as well as medical treatment."}
+{"id": "036880", "text": "There is no standard curative treatment for calcinosis but different agents were used with variable efficacy."}
+{"id": "037076", "text": "Few TTR mutations have been reported in Chinese patients and none of them represented renal function insufficiency as the first symptom. In our case, we reported a clinical phenotype of TTR amyloidosis caused by p.Leu75Pro mutation in a Chinese family with the proband representing renal function insufficiency at onset. Kidney is the most common and easily affected organ of amyloidosis that should raise more attention of nephrologists."}
+{"id": "037330", "text": "In this study, along with previously described dermoscopic features, like the central hub and spoke pattern seen in MA and white structureless areas and volcanic crater appearances seen in LA, we found several new patterns: These are the day lily appearance in MA and rosettes in LA. This study nonetheless has several limitations: It was conducted on a small number of patients, and the nodular variant of PLCA was not taken into consideration. Confirmation of the presence of amyloid in the papillary dermis with Congo red staining and viewing under polarized microscopy were also not done in this study."}
+{"id": "037599", "text": "Anderson-Fabry disease, also known as Fabry disease (FD) or angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale, was described independently by 2 dermatologists1,2 in 1898.3 Fabry disease is an uncommon X-linked recessive disease caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase (α-gal) A.4,5 As a result of the enzyme deficiency, neutral sphingolipids accumulate, particularly in the vascular endothelium, leading to ischemia and infarction, especially of the kidney, heart, and brain.6 Inheritance of the abnormal gene among whites (resulting in a hemizygous boy or a heterozygous girl) has been estimated to occur once in every 117 000 live births.6"}
+{"id": "037600", "text": "Aging of the skin is characterized by loss of hydration and consequent dermis and epidermis atrophy and structural and functional integrity, with altered skin barrier function and reduced immunological response especially due to components of the extracellular matrix vascular impairment and the resulting metabolic disturbance and oxidative stress [55]."}
+{"id": "037618", "text": "Amyloidosis is a rare cause of kidney disease accounting for less than 2 % of all biopsied patients and is most commonly associated with TB in the South African setting. It is most likely to present with nephrotic syndrome. A similar number of AA and AL cases were observed and outcomes were poor. AA amyloidosis patients were noted to be younger compared to AL patients, usually had an identifiable disease associated with amyloidosis established on presentation and were all African or mixed ethnicity. HIV infection in our community appeared not to have a discernible impact on the prevalence of amyloidosis in South Africa in our study."}
+{"id": "037643", "text": "Introduction: Cardiac amyloidosis is a underdiagnosed cause of heart failure. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis can occur in more than 130pathogenic variants with variable clinical presentation depending on the type of mutation. They two main phenotypes are peripheral polyneuropathy and amyloidotic heart disease. The variant Val50t is the most prevalent in the world and most important representative of the polyneur phenotype. Val142Ile is the second most prevalent and is mostly expressed with heart disease. We describe a patient who presents a rare association of these two pathogenic variants in composed heterozygosity."}
+{"id": "037772", "text": "Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with elevated serum immunoglobulin M and multi-organ involvement. Primary systemic amyloidosis usually develops due to immunoglobulin light chains depositions in different organs due to an underlying gammopathy."}
+{"id": "037840", "text": "The most obvious clinical feature is mucocutaneous lesions, also known as widespread AKs. They are defined as vascular lesions because they comprise one or more dilated blood vessels in the upper part of the dermis, directly subepidermal, accompanied in most cases by an epidermal reaction such as acanthosis and/or hyperkeratosis.6 Clinically, they present as innumerable small red to black papules, mostly with verrucous surfaces, which occur in clusters and are situated symmetrically in the bathing trunk area (buttocks, groin, umbilicus, and upper thighs). Isolated lesions begin with a minute reddish papule that enlarges up to 10 mm in diameter, becoming dark red to black with a discrete verrucous overgrowth.26,27"}
+{"id": "038061", "text": "Due to the severity of the organ failure of kidneys, heart and brain, other symptoms like hearing loss and tinnitus are neglected even if they induce a serious reduction of the quality of life in patients with FD. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of hearing loss and its correlation to renal and cardiac involvement in patients suffering from FD."}
+{"id": "038084", "text": "The strong association observed in the present study between pain and clinical severity corroborates our hypothesis that pain may be a good proxy for the evaluation of clinical severity in HS. Information on pain may be easily obtained by a simple measurement, such as a VAS scale, or a question extrapolated from a questionnaire. The fact that the patient may be considered as an expert in the evaluation of her/his own disease severity has been confirmed by research data. It has been shown that patient self-assessments of flare activity and pain are strongly associated with morphological changes identified using ultrasound [35]. Therefore, the assessment of pain by the patient might also be a strong indicator of the degree of present inflammation in HS."}
+{"id": "038234", "text": "This study has its limitations as it was conducted using an open-label and uncontrolled design without adaption for multiple testing. Thus, the improvement of symptoms in this study results cannot be placed in context to similar marketed products or a placebo effect. A potential second limitation was use of different PPIs by patients during the trial and missing records of potentially changed patients’ compliance to PPI. The 2 weeks study duration did not allow assessments of long-term effectiveness and safety/tolerability as well as QoL. Finally, the small sample size only allowed to detect ADEs as well as device deficiencies with high incidences whereas rare events might not be noted. However, the low risk product characteristic and the absence of any adverse events suggest that application is most likely be considered as safe."}
+{"id": "038497", "text": "The only potential retinoid related adverse effect in this study was the development of a cataract in a child treated with acitretin (0.5 mg/kg/d) for 4 months from birth. Retinoid-associated cataracts have been reported in adults but not in children.1 To minimize long-term toxic effects, Brecher et al1 recommended that the retinoid dose should be kept as low as possible, ideally close to 0.5 mg/kg/d. Serum lipids and liver function tests should be performed at baseline, 1 month after initiation of treatment, and every 3 months thereafter. Symptoms suggestive of skeletal toxicity should be promptly investigated, particularly in those children receiving doses greater than 1.0 mg/kg/d."}
+{"id": "038680", "text": "Systemic amyloidosis results from the deposition of protein fibrils in various tissues and organs. Due to an alteration in the secondary structure of the proteins, the amyloid fibrils aggregate in the thermodynamically stable, insoluble form. Various types of amyloidosis can be identified by the specific biochemical composition of the protein subunits in question and may yield a range of clinical characteristics. The most common type is AL amyloidosis."}
+{"id": "039102", "text": "Six AA patients with extrinsic AD and one AA patient with intrinsic AD were treated with dupilumab. Dupilumab was initiated at 600 mg subcutaneously, followed by 300 mg every 2 weeks. The patients were treated for 6 months to 1 year."}
+{"id": "039110", "text": "The Autonomic Symptom Profile revealed a significantly higher sum score in Fabry patients than in healthy control subjects (22 versus 12), but a relatively low score compared to patients with proven autonomic neuropathy. Fabry patients scored worse than healthy controls in the orthostatic intolerance domain. Scores in the male sexual dysfunction domain were comparable between healthy controls and male Fabry patients. The cardiovascular autonomic function tests revealed only mild abnormalities in seven patients. None of these seven patients showed more than one abnormal test result. Enzyme replacement therapy was not associated with less severe disease, lower ASP scores or less frequent abnormal cardiovascular function test results."}
+{"id": "039450", "text": "The limitation of this study included restrospective data collection and lack of standardized documentation of improvements in clinical parameters after ERT initiation. This Indian Fabry cohort provided us with an unique opportunity to understand the disease burden, its varied clinical presentation and significant delay in diagnosis. We identified several novel pathogenic mutations in our cohort. Our study has highlighted the importance of FD being included in the panel of investigations for idiopathic CKD, HCM and cryptogenic stroke. This offers disease‐modifying treatment opportunities for the proband and facilitates early detection of asymptomatic FD patients through family screening."}
+{"id": "039814", "text": "Necrobiosis lipoidica is a rare cutaneous granulomatous disease that mainly affects diabetic patients. The perforating type of the disease is an uncommon variant that is resistant to therapy and can be easily identified using dermoscopy."}
+{"id": "040083", "text": "Conjunctival amyloidosis is a rare entity that may be overlooked and should be differentiated from chronic conjunctivitis and conjunctival malignancies. Although commonly a local process, a systemic involvement should always be ruled out."}
+{"id": "040124", "text": "The improvement of the appearance of linear porokeratosis treated with cholesterol/lovastatin supports the theory of the disrupted cholesterol synthesis pathway. While the cholesterol is replenished in the skin barrier, lovastatin prevents mevalonate accumulation to downregulate the inflammation that is thought to cause the porokeratosis lesions."}
+{"id": "040269", "text": "Relevant reports on prenatal ultrasound of congenital harlequin ichthyosis over nearly 20 years were searched in PubMed, and their sonographic characteristics were summarized and analysed.Combined with the literature reports, the prenatal ultrasonic signs and values of congenital harlequin ichthyosis caused by the ABA12 mutation will be discussed. A total of 10 articles of congenital harlequin ichthyosis diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound were retrieved from PubMed. There have been even fewer reports of late-trimester disease with no family history. This paper analyses the literature reports within 20 years, combined with the ultrasonic sonographic features of two cases of harlequin scale disease reported in this study, and analyses its ultrasonic signs."}
+{"id": "041152", "text": "The mechanisms of immunosenescence underlie an accumulation of damage in various components of the immune system, including the innate immune system and the acquired immune system. Innate immune senescence exhibits a decline in antigen processing and presentation capacity and thus a decreased response to stimuli. Characteristics of adaptive immune senescence are a loss of TCR diversity and impaired immunological memory formation. Impaired immune cells with SASP dramatically affect tumor and other age-related disease progression. Therefore, noting the changes in senescent immune cell subsets is significant."}
+{"id": "041190", "text": "Amyloid deposits in the thyroid were first discovered by Von Rokitansky in 1855 based on autopsy results but it was clinically recognized in 1858 by Beckman. The term amyloid goiter was officially adopted in 1904 when Von Eiselberg defined the presence of amyloid in the thyroid gland producing significant clinical enlargement of the gland and is a rare manifestation of systemic amyloidosis [4]."}
+{"id": "041343", "text": "Lysosomal storage diseases have become an important target in the study and development of PCs, as the ER quality control often recognizes mutant forms of lysosomal enzymes that present minor modifications in their stability or conformation, but still retain catalytic activity. It results in a premature enzyme degradation, which prevents trafficking through the secretory pathway and causes the loss of function."}
+{"id": "041409", "text": "It is well established that amyloid fibrils and other LC aggregates play a defining role in the pathogenicity of this disease. However, except for the chemotherapeutic removal of the pathogenic plasma cell clone, no pharmacological treatment options exist which directly prevent fibril formation or reverse fibril-induced organ damage. One reason for this paucity of treatment options is the lack of knowledge about the mechanism of LC misfolding and the structure of pathogenic amyloid fibrils in vivo. Another reason is the patient-specific nature of systemic AL amyloidosis, with each patient presenting an essentially unique LC precursor and fibril protein."}
+{"id": "041968", "text": "In summary, the conservation of a single haplotype surrounding the c.6527insC mutation suggested that this allele has a single origin. The finding of a founder effect in a highly recurrent mutation in a rare disease characterized by intrafamilial mutations is essential for the implementation of protocols for genetic diagnosis, for genetic counselling of affected pedigrees and is fundamental to search for new therapies."}
+{"id": "042133", "text": "Table 1 Main clinical manifestation of Fabry nephropathy in males with classical phenotypea"}
+{"id": "042404", "text": "There are numerous surgical solutions proposed: reconstruction by a secondary intention, grafts of dermal matrix, transposition flaps and finally an old technique that involves the perforation of the cranial theca. Dermal matrices cannot be used on bone as they still need blood support to facilitate the repair process. Local flaps could not be used as the skin was seriously photodamaged and treatment of this would further delay the repair. In our case the solutions adopted with other patients were not applicable, therefore we evaluated the literature to determine which solution could be adopted. We had experience with tissue perforation in large ulcers and position punch grafting to facilitate re-epithelialization therefore we also drew inspiration from this method."}
+{"id": "043251", "text": "There was no evidence of wound infection in any of the patients in either group on the 3rd and 10th-day evaluations."}
+{"id": "043497", "text": "While we found that patients with both ventricular arrhythmia of any duration had more LV scar, our sample size was too small to prove a definite association. Lastly, multivariable logistic regression was not possible due to the small sample size. As non-concentric patterns of wall thickening were associated with increased LV mass and scar, larger multicenter long term outcome studies focusing on AFD patients with these patterns of hypertrophy and apical predominant scar may be helpful in teasing out other risk factors for ventricular arrhythmia."}
+{"id": "043523", "text": "A dermal matrix Type 1 heterologous equine collagen and hyaluronic acid in sterile sponge plates 10 × 10 cm adaptable to the site, thickness about 2 mm is placed on bone tissue with bleeding breccias."}
+{"id": "043527", "text": "Cytokines are a broad category of signaling molecules utilized by immune cells and keratinocytes for communication. It has been recognized in recent years that itch sensory neurons also express cytokine receptors and that cytokines may act as pruritogens (17, 28). Upon stimulation they are released by skin or immune cells and form a bridge of communication between the immune and nervous system. We present the actual knowledge about the cytokines involved in itch in ACD."}
+{"id": "044239", "text": "AL amyloidosis is an insidious and potentially fatal condition. This case is one of the first to document the rapid progression of fundus alterations and their stabilization after disease remission. Identifying these specific fundus abnormalities is essential to avoid diagnosis wandering and therapeutic delay."}
+{"id": "044474", "text": "Patients with the hyper IgE syndrome require interdisciplinary care by many specialists. Hyper IgE syndrome is a challenge for clinicians in establishing a diagnosis in suspected cases. Hyper IgE should be considered in the differential diagnosis when presented with a patient that exhibits clinical manifestations as mentioned above. Genetic mutation analysis provides a definitive diagnosis of hyper IgE syndrome. The case presented is very typical of STAT3 deficient autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome (ADHIES). The unique finding in this case is the very rare finding of the transactivation domain STAT3 mutation rather than the usual mutation of the SH2 or DNA-binding domain. There is no definitive therapy for hyper IgE syndrome. However, this case demonstrates a chronic debilitating course that requires further investigative research to develop a more effective therapy."}
+{"id": "044611", "text": "Systemic amyloidosis is a devastating group of disorders for which there is no current cure. The treatment goal is to reduce the burden of amyloidogenic protein precursors. The treatment is only effective if applied early in the disease process before significant and irreversible end organ damage has taken place. Congo red is still the standard stain used in most histopathology laboratories to identify amyloid material in tissues. The identification of Congophilic amyloid material is challenging because of multiple interfering factors. Here we describe improved sensitivity of identifying Congophilic materials in histologic sections using a metallurgical polarized microscope specifically constructed for polarized microscopy. The microscope is equipped with strain-free optics, matching polarizers, dis-integrated compensators, and a circular mobile stage. Compared to a standard clinical microscope, this setup significantly improves sensitivity of identifying amyloid material in Congo red-stained slides. We also describe the deleterious effect of plastic coverslip which can interfere with the ability to examine the slides under polarized light. We present a series of 10 different patients who had cardiac, brain, and salivary gland biopsies that were either equivocal or deemed negative using a standard clinical microscope but were positive using the equipment described above. These samples were confirmed to be positive by other methods including electron microscopy. We conclude that use of the correct equipment is needed before ruling out amyloidosis in tissue sections."}
+{"id": "044887", "text": "Analysis of blood samples indicates that TNF inhibition treatment affects the systemic numbers of ILC in HS patients. While HS patients had significantly lower numbers of ILC in the blood and increased numbers in the skin compared to healthy controls, there was a noticeable trend with anti-TNF treatment in restoring the numbers of ILC in the blood to levels characteristic of healthy individuals."}
+{"id": "045001", "text": "The prebiologic era group relatively favored ADA, while the frequency of UST selection was relatively increased in the biologic era group for the choice of biologic agents in patients with CD. IFX has been used first for moderate to severe CD and ADA was the second approved biologics since the IFX approval in 2002 in Japan. Hence, ADA had been preferred not only in cases refractory to conventional therapies, such as corticosteroids and immunomodulators but also in cases refractory to IFX, suggesting that patients in the prebiologic era who had to be treated with various therapeutic options were more likely to receive ADA. A meta-analysis conducted before the UST approval revealed that ADA was effective for induction and remission maintenance."}
+{"id": "045055", "text": "In this study we had investigated the accuracy of quantifying absolute amounts of liver lipids by converting 1H MRS semi-quantitative liver lipids in a preclinical model of mild alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Using a 7.0 T MR Scanner and CT we demonstrated that 1H MRS was capable of discriminating between a clinically relevant degree of mild steatosis and a normal liver in a mild alcoholic steatosis model and its control. We also have shown that the development of mild steatosis in the livers of mice fed with or without ethanol did not significantly change hepatic water weight and ex vivo liver volume. Most interestingly, after ex vivo measurement of liver water and liver volume, we identified two parameters of the percentage of liver water and liver density were persistent in model and control animals and these parameters were useful and might be applied to direct quantify absolute liver lipids. Finally, 1H-MRS and CT methods used to calculate hepatic lipids were correlated with measurements of hepatic lipids by biochemical assay, showing this calculation method provides a suitable representation of absolute hepatic lipids in the setting of mild alcoholic hepatic steatosis."}
+{"id": "045059", "text": "Have extrahepatic disease with or without portal venous invasion and any ECOG CP score."}
+{"id": "045134", "text": "JPHYD improved the RFS and OS of HCC patients following hepatectomy, possibly by improving liver cirrhosis and enhancing the efficacies of other adjuvant therapies. Larger randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the survival benefits of JPHYD in specific patient subgroups."}
+{"id": "045161", "text": "More specifically, the results from the study showed that individuals who had a more diverse microbiota composition responded better to immunotherapy as evidenced by tumor shrinkage compared with individuals with a less diverse composition. Additionally, cancer patients that responded to immunotherapy had an increase in antitumor killer T cells and the difference in killer T cell quantity was correlated to the presence of species within the Faecalibacterium and Clostridiales phyla [13]. This evidence is suggestive of certain resident bacteria contributing to a positive response rate to immunotherapies while others may dampen or render it ineffective. Because each individual's microbiome is as unique as a fingerprint, it is logical that immunotherapy response rates may differ due to the composition of the gut at the time of immunotherapy."}
+{"id": "045174", "text": "Proteobacteria is one of the major phyla belongs to gram negative bacteria. Studies that assessed the association between the abundance of Proteobacteria and T1D reported contradictory results. Two studies showed a significant positive association between Proteobacteria and T1D while other studies reported a significantly higher abundance of Proteobacteria in control groups compared to T1D. One study did not find any association between the relative abundance of Proteobacteria between healthy individuals and T1D patients."}
+{"id": "045275", "text": "There are uniquely high numbers of resident bacteria within the large intestine. However, the inner layer of colonic mucus appears to be generally impermeable to this resident microflora and maintains a physical barrier with an exclusion limit of 100 microns between the overlying bacteria and the underlying epithelium. The outer, lubricative mucus layer appears to act as a niche for bacterial population. 16s ribosomal RNA analysis would suggest qualitative differences between the bacterial population that resides within the mucus and that occurring within the lumen (approximated by faecal sampling). It is likely that the bacteria that reside within the mucus will have the greatest impact on the physiology and pathophysiology of the colonic mucosa."}
+{"id": "045379", "text": "An increase of the gut barrier permeability as a result of dysbiosis leads to higher bacterial translocation and elevated levels of LPS reaching the liver, leading to PRR activation and immune cell recruitment, thus sustaining liver inflammation."}
+{"id": "045392", "text": "The chronic intermittent hypoxia induces metabolic abnormalities in humans, which could mediate its effects on the liver and are independent of body mass index. Correspondingly, it could be postulated that the alterations found in our study are a consequence of a metabolic syndrome similarly to the described in the OSA, and the high N/L ratio supports this hypothesis since it is considered as a predictive marker of metabolic syndrome. Unfortunately we did not evaluate others biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in this study, nonetheless, our results supports the existence of a possible metabolic derangement associated to an inflammatory status in brachycephalic dogs affected by the airway obstruction, as previously discussed."}
+{"id": "045465", "text": "When the results of those with liver cirrhosis who received esophageal variceal endoscopic band ligation (EVL) and who did not were compared, it was observed that a higher number of individuals in the group with EVL had polypoid lesions and they statistically faced 2.891 times more the risk of contracting polypoid formations."}
+{"id": "045499", "text": "In this respect, healthcare professionals must be sufficiently sensitive to detect patients who struggle with the integration of PSC into their personal life and offer psychological support early."}
+{"id": "045518", "text": "There is an ever-growing list of diseases for which alterations of the GI barrier have emerged as a crucial event in disease pathogenesis, and this list includes relevant GI and extraintestinal diseases (Table 2). It is striking that many of these diseases are characterised by an altered GI microbiota, further suggesting a link between GI barrier function and GI microbiota composition. The references cited in Table 2 demonstrate several examples of an association between changes in microbiota and disease, although the mechanisms of interaction are not always evident. On the other hand, because of such associations, it is tempting to speculate that the maintenance of normal microbiota and a stable GI barrier contributes to gut health and likely to health in general."}
+{"id": "045615", "text": "In the present study we investigated the mechanism of DSS action in the distal colon using in vitro and in vivo approaches."}
+{"id": "045686", "text": "The limited success of available treatments for gastrointestinal and liver cancer makes the development of more efficient therapeutic approaches both necessary and urgent. Gene therapy has emerged as an alternative to conventional treatments. One of the major obstacles for the use of gene therapy is the specific targeting of transgene expression to the site of the tumor. Numerous gene therapy strategies have used nonspecific and nonselective promoters that can be expressed at high levels even in healthy cells, potentially contributing to toxicity. For cancer treatment a better strategy would be the use of tissue and/or cancer-specific promoters to limit the expression of therapeutic genes in the desired target cells [33, 34]."}
+{"id": "045698", "text": "We had a number of limitations in the study. First is that the diagnosis of NAFLD was based on ultrasonography and not confirmed histologically by liver biopsy. Ultrasound is a highly operator dependent procedure with significant interobserver and intraobserver variability. Due to invasiveness, risk of complications, and high cost, liver biopsy is neither feasible nor cost effective in the diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD. Secondly, the study has a relatively small sample size of participants especially various grades of fatty liver, as it is based from a single local tertiary center may not necessarily be an adequate representation of the general population. Thirdly, the study design is cross sectional and may not be fully adequate to confirm associations with variables. Larger prospective studies with control groups and longer follow-up may be needed to establish the validity of these results and to find a better understanding of cardiovascular risk among NAFLD subjects."}
+{"id": "045785", "text": "The roles of bile acids in modulating the immune responses are emerging. There is collective evidence from multiple studies and experimental approaches to support their disturbances in cases of intestinal inflammation. Unique alterations in the composition of bile acid pool are attributed to dysbiosis associated with IBD. Yet, the mechanisms by which bile acids contribute to the pathophysiology and/or the severity of intestinal inflammation are not fully understood. The complex nature of bile acid homeostasis and presence of several receptors expressed in different cell types that could be activated by bile acids make it challenging to delineate the causal link between bile acids and the inflammatory response in IBD. Future research in this field should leverage advanced bioinformatic and systems biology approaches to gain novel insights about their potential roles in the pathophysiology of IBD. Also, the profound differences in the composition of bile acid pool between humans and rodents raise serious concerns about the extent to which data obtained from these models could be extrapolated to humans. The generation of transgenic mouse models with bile acid pool similar to that of humans should offer excellent preclinical models to facilitate new discoveries related to bile acids and IBD. Further, better understanding of how gut microbiota shapes the response to a changing pool of bile acids remains a major interest of investigations. Since data suggest that a single bacterial modification of bile acids may rather involve communities of different bacteria from distinct species, future studies should focus on investigating the changes in specific microbial consortia in IBD and their effects on bile acid homeostasis. Additionally, investigating the novel roles of the newly discovered microbially conjugated bile acids will likely yield to novel findings that could further explain the potential roles of gut microbiota/bile acids axis in the development of intestinal inflammation. Overall, the increase in our knowledge about bile acids as inflammatory mediators will enhance our understanding of IBD and will define novel targets for improved therapeutic modalities for treatment of these debilitating gut disorders."}
+{"id": "045811", "text": "The DSS induced colitis model is a relevant model for translation of mice data to human disease and the model has been validated by using different therapeutic agents for human IBD. Several studies have demonstrated that DSS induces breakdown of the mucosal epithelial barrier, allowing entry of luminal microorganisms into the mucosa, resulting in an overwhelming inflammatory response including NF-κB activation, over expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and clinical symptoms of colitis."}
+{"id": "045871", "text": "These studies mentioned above indicate that FMT has shown effectiveness in inducing remission in IBD. However, further research is needed to establish guidelines for the application of FMT in IBD. Clinical trials have demonstrated higher rates of clinical and endoscopic remission in patients who received FMT compared to those who received a placebo. These findings suggest that FMT could be a promising therapeutic approach for managing UC."}
+{"id": "045878", "text": "In summary, our study supports findings suggesting that Pae significantly improves colonic injury caused by UC and demonstrates that Pae protects intestinal mucosal integrity by restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulating metabolic disorders to prevent DSS-induced UC symptoms."}
+{"id": "046014", "text": "In conclusion, combining an immunomodulator with the anti-TNF regimen eradicated ADA and reestablished clinical remission in more than half of the analyzed IBD patients with immunogenic LOR to IFX or ADL. Trough levels of about 1 mg/L or above at the time of LOR can predict the success of this strategy. Furthermore, exclusive dose intensification of the anti-TNF agent alone should not be pursued in IBD patients with elevated systemic CRP and high ADA levels. Limiting the immunomodulator comedication to IBD patients with immunogenic LOR to the anti-TNF monotherapy might be an alternative approach to initial combination therapy for all patients, especially when the risk of malignancy or infection is relevant."}
+{"id": "046015", "text": "For centuries, ancient practices like Ayurveda have connected the importance of the gut to overall health, and now, through medical science, we are beginning to notice an interaction between the skin and the gut, and their respective microorganisms, and the connection to a healthy, balanced, immune system. This leads us to speculate that much of ancient eastern science has always seen this unique relationship. Ayurveda also emphasizes the importance of emotional health and its connectivity to the health of the rest of the organs by a dosha evaluation. In the pathways that are modulated in a neuroendocrine-based system as cited in the previous section of the article, we can appreciate how this connection is possible. Vibration science [33] interconnects the ancient philosophy of interconnectivity of all living organisms through energy and it would be fascinating to explore the possibilities of altering the microbiome to influence emotions, especially through cosmetics that can trigger local neuroendocrine pathways or perhaps vibrational healing methods like reiki or sound vibration [27]. Another field of study for understanding the skin–brain axis could be in assessing any impact of meditations and mindfulness in the change of the surface microbiome and looking for changes or improvement in skin conditions or skin aging. Various studies that correlate breathing and yoga to improvement in overall wellbeing can also guide the design of testing this axis more deeply through changes in the microbiome and correlating it to blood antioxidant levels [34,35]. More work is needed in using devices with penetrating active ingredients that affect regenerative and immune pathways that can then stimulate alterations in the deeper layers of the skin microbial components and cause more significant host response."}
+{"id": "046079", "text": "In summary, we present two methodological approaches that could be incorporated to clinical practice: the intraepithelial lymphogram always accompanying the histological analysis of duodenal biopsies and the CD8+ T cells determination in patients on a GFD who require a gluten challenge due to uncertain or lack of diagnosis and refuse a long-term gluten reintroduction."}
+{"id": "046100", "text": "Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of medical genetic research and are currently being used to search for Mendelian disease genes, and applied for the diagnosis of patients with genetically heterogeneous disorders. This can be performed much faster and more cost efficiently than with traditional techniques."}
+{"id": "046112", "text": "This study defines the microbiota and immune processes that take place to during anastomotic healing. By understanding which microbiome populations that are lost and how this may affect the induction and differentiation of immune populations, we can then target post-operative therapeutic treatments that allow for suitable and accelerated healing."}
+{"id": "046122", "text": "The above data show that algae polysaccharides have great potential for use as prebiotics in IBD and can realize health effects, including regulation of the composition and functions of microbiota, lowering the pH in the colon lumen and preventing intestinal colonization by pathogens, and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species providing energy sources for colonocytes and activating free fatty acid receptors. However, further studies of the prebiotic properties of oligo- and polysaccharides from algae are needed to obtain more complete information about their intestinal benefits, including in IBD."}
+{"id": "046136", "text": "Metabolomics constitutes a powerful avenue for the functional characterization of the gut microbiota and its interactions with the host (Marcobal et al., 2013). The application of metabolomics approaches has greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms that link the composition and activity of the gut microbiote to health and disease phenotypes (Thursby and Juge, 2017). Our previous work used metabolomics technology to reveal that RPG had a positive effect on dairy cattle serum metabolism and conventional serum biochemical indicators of energy balance. As far as we know, no studies were performed to investigate the effects of different doses of RPG supplementation on fecal microbiota and metabolites in early lactation dairy cows. Therefore, it was our objective to evaluate the dynamic profile changes and interactions of fecal microbiota and metabolites in early lactation dairy cows by supplementing different doses of RPG. We hypothesized that RPG supplementation can improve the structure of intestinal microbiota, alleviate lipid metabolism of intestinal microbiota, and provide more glucose for intestinal absorption and utilization. To address this hypothesis, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing along with metabolomics approach to exhaustively characterize the structural and metabolic changes in the gut microbiota elicited by experimental treatments."}
+{"id": "046186", "text": "This study will provide a reliable basis for the treatment of GERD with complementary and alternative therapies."}
+{"id": "046223", "text": "The progress and technological development of functional and molecular techniques for imaging tumours have offered the possibility of redefining the target in radiation therapy and devising the treatment in an innovative manner. Fourteen years have passed since Ling et al. [1] introduced the concept of biological target volume (BTV) encompassing the multidimensional physiological and functional information provided by the new imaging techniques. At the end of their seminal paper on multidimensional radiotherapy, the authors challenged the research and clinical communities to define a biological target volume and apply it by the year 2010 moving towards evidence-based multidimensional radiation therapy by conforming the physical dose distribution to the radiobiological features of the target that may be derived from molecular and functional imaging. Research has been conducted towards this aim, but the current practice in radiation therapy is still, at its best, based on the physical optimisation of the dose distribution according to the anatomical information regarding the localisation and the extent of the tumour and the normal tissue. The routine planning in clinical radiation treatment does not generally take into account the particular radiation sensitivity of the tumour of an individual patient or the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumour resistance. However, it is well known that these aspects may be the causes for treatment failure for a considerable fraction of the nonresponding patients, as the standard dose prescription does not ensure sufficiently curative doses to counteract the radiation resistance of the tumour. Among these adverse factors one has to count the variations in cellular density from tumour to tumour, the proliferation characteristics of the tumour cells, and the distinct microenvironmental characteristics of the tumours."}
+{"id": "046292", "text": "In this study, we present an analysis of average values for quantitative iodine concentrations of liver tissue affected by hepatic steatosis in contrast-enhanced portal venous phase quantitative iodine images in DECT."}
+{"id": "046353", "text": "The primary objective of this study, which was based on a multicenter national database, was to explore the risk of postoperative in-hospital mortality in patients with digestive system cancer who had undergone surgical resection and had varying comorbidity levels as measured by ACCI scores."}
+{"id": "046382", "text": "For a recurrent tumor after surgery, the overall survival time was the time from diagnosis of recurrence to death; the recurrence time after surgery was the time from surgery to recurrence. For a recurrent tumor after treatment other than surgery, the overall survival time was the time from diagnosis of recurrence to death; the recurrence time was the time from first treatment record to recurrence."}
+{"id": "046495", "text": "In our retrospective study of patients with CD who had intestinal strictures during the hospitalization between 2010 and 2017, we demonstrated the preventive effects of the combined therapy with anti‐TNFα and EBD for intestinal stricture recurrence."}
+{"id": "046580", "text": "In this study, it is notable that there were no complications that required surgical re-intervention even though there was a high rate of AL. We suppose that the capacity of fecal diversion of FDD is comparable to the conventional defunctioning stoma."}
+{"id": "046607", "text": "This review highlights several recent advances in our understanding of the gut microbiota’s role in the development of atherosclerosis and associated severe CVD complications. It also addresses strategies for targeting the gut microbiota that contribute to the generation of TMAO for the potential prevention and treatment of CVD as well as the role of gut microbiota in CVD and potential corresponding interventions."}
+{"id": "046629", "text": "In conclusion, our study showed that following the DASH diet for 12 weeks in overweight and obese patients with NAFLD has beneficial effects on TAC, SOD, and visceral fat. These findings support the use of the DASH diet as a potential therapeutic intervention for the improvement of oxidative biomarkers in patients with NAFLD."}
+{"id": "046652", "text": "Overall, our results show that the increased intestinal permeability and inflammation observed during cholestasis correlated with changes in the microbiome composition."}
+{"id": "046665", "text": "Staging for NAFLD can now be performed by a combination of radiological and laboratory techniques, greatly reducing the requirement for invasive liver biopsy."}
+{"id": "046851", "text": "Proteomics is the term used for exhaustive analysis of protein structure and function in an organ or tissue. The levels of gene expression and protein production are not necessarily proportional, and protein activity is frequently regulated by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation [12, 13]. Proteomics is useful for elucidation of the pathology and discovery of disease markers for HCC and chronic liver diseases. Serum and plasma are readily used as clinical samples since they can be obtained using less invasive methods. If a biomarker associated with the pathology, disease progression or efficacy of treatment is identified in serum or plasma, it can be easily applied for early or differential diagnosis of diseases. Recent advances in methods for mass spectrometric analysis, including protein labeling and amino acid analysis, facilitate highly sensitive and exhaustive proteomic analysis of patient samples. These advances in proteomics techniques have promoted exploration of biomarkers for malignant tumors including HCC and for chronic liver diseases including liver cirrhosis, NAFLD and chronic hepatitis B or C. In this review, we provide an overview of recent findings in proteomic analysis of those liver diseases."}
+{"id": "046861", "text": "In anticoagulated patients with VKAs, the quality of anticoagulation control is central to avoiding thromboembolic and bleeding complications. In the search of potential factors affecting the quality of VKAs, gut microbiota, which have shown to play an important role in several cardiovascular diseases, could also have an impact on the response to VKA therapy. This could be the result of an indirect effect of metabolites produced by gut microbiota in the availability of VKAs drugs, an effect of vitamin K-producing bacteria, or by the structural modification of the molecule of VKAs drug. In order to implement predictive or preventive strategies before VKA therapy, there is a need for studies directly investigating the role of gut bacteria and their metabolites on this family of drugs. The use of probiotics could be proposed as an alternative given the modulation of gut microbiota compositions and their metabolic pathways. The main strategy is based on modulating the intestinal ecosystem using bacterial species with the ability to compete for the colonization of the intestinal epithelium or with antimicrobial or antagonist activity against metabolite-producing bacteria such as TMAO, vitamin K-producing bacteria, or bacterial with the ability to structurally modify the molecules of VKAs."}
+{"id": "046998", "text": "A series of evidence revealed that body mass index was an important confounding factor in the research of uric acid and ischemic heart disease/hypertension. The objective of this study was to investigate whether obesity status can modify the association between serum uric acid and the severity of liver damage in NAFLD, and the possible interactive effect of hyperuricemia and obesity."}
+{"id": "047219", "text": "This study found that the diversity of intestinal flora in AD patients is significantly reduced, and the structural changes of intestinal flora significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that may lead to inflammatory response while significantly decreasing the abundance of bacteria that may inhibit the inflammatory response and maintain intestinal function, and increased the level of pro-inflammatory factors. Therefore, we suggest that the occurrence of AD may be related to the low level of the inflammatory response caused by the structural disorder of intestinal flora."}
+{"id": "047259", "text": "The variceal bleeding in this patient was atypical in that it originated from venous collaterals bleeding into the small intestine rather than the more typical gastroesophageal varices observed in ASMD. With long standing liver dysfunction and gradual development of portal hypertension, intestinal varices rather than occult intestinal bleeding due to ischemia should be considered in ASMD patients presenting with either hematochezia or hematemesis."}
+{"id": "047701", "text": "In conclusion, 16 functional SNPs in 13 genes involved in regulation of inflammation were found to be associated with susceptibility of severe CD, UC or IBD. Eleven of the SNPs have not previously been reported as susceptibility polymorphisms of CD, UC or IBD (Figure 1) although other polymorphisms in most of these genes have previously been associated with susceptibility of CD, UC or IBD. Our results suggest that genetically determined high inflammatory response was associated with increased risk of CD and the large number of polymorphisms in the TLRs associated with risk of CD or UC support that the host microbial composition, diet or environmental molecules in the gut are important factors driving the inflammatory response in genetically susceptible individuals."}
+{"id": "047706", "text": "Regarding this association, there are speculations assuming that the promotion of right ventricular diastolic function is due to the excess of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, that leads to lipid deposition in cardiac myocytes."}
+{"id": "047712", "text": "As there is a clear difference in leakage incidence as well in the literature as in this study, it might be interesting to look at the fluorescent parameters and curves for the procedures separately. The present study was however not powered to do so. As occurrence of anastomotic leakage involves many different factors not corrected for in this study, a larger prospective trial focusing on interpretation by quantitative threshold focused only on one procedure (for instance Ivor Lewis) with also taking the multifactorial etiology of a leakage would be the next step in validating a threshold. Due to this multifactorial etiology, management determined by ICG-FA could never account for all anastomotic leakages as ICG-FA might only prevent leakages originating from inadequate perfusion. A combined strategy that deals with multiple peri- and intraoperative risk factors of anastomotic leakage might further lower its occurrence."}
+{"id": "047763", "text": "The therapeutic effect and mechanism of DP to ameliorate ulcerative colitis is complex, and the therapeutic effect of DP on colitis has been clarified in this study. DP can protect the structural integrity of the intestinal epithelium by inhibiting iron death of intestinal epithelial cells, attenuating oxidative stress damage and inflammation restoring intestinal barrier homeostasis, and remodeling intestinal flora. However, the correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites still deserves further study."}
+{"id": "047945", "text": "The effect of including ASA score and ECOG performance status on the logistic regression parameter estimates for hospital-type is summarised in Table 4. Changes in parameter estimates due to adjusting for different measures of health status were small, relative to the parameter estimates’ standard errors, and there was no consistent pattern in the confounding effect of ASA score and ECOG performance status."}
+{"id": "048055", "text": "Overall survival time is the length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer, that patients diagnosed with the disease are still alive. In a clinical trial, measuring the overall survival is one way to see how well a new treatment works."}
+{"id": "048075", "text": "This trial used 16S-rRNA analysis of the gut microbiota and metabolomics to analyze the effects of EE and APS on immunosuppressed chickens. Overall, immunosuppression can affect the species diversity of the intestinal flora and reduce the relative abundance of some SCFAs-producing bacteria in the gut. Both EE and APS can play a role in mitigating the effects of immunosuppression on the intestinal flora, restoring the abundance of beneficial bacteria and anaerobic genera, and protecting the health of the intestinal environment. The comprehensive analysis of the metabolism of the microbiota revealed that EE might suppress the relative abundance of Blautia and Ruminococcus, reducing the succinic acid content in the intestine."}
+{"id": "048167", "text": "The main findings of this study are that higher increases in the adherence to the MedDiet after the 6-month nutritional intervention are clearly related to a better oxidative stress and inflammatory state in patients with NAFLD, which may be useful to treat this disease. Patients with a higher adherence also showed better evolution in the pathology with lower IFC and circulating levels of CK-18. Previous studies showed that a higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reduced NAFLD prevalence and insulin resistance and with lower severe liver disease among patients with NAFLD [34,35]."}
+{"id": "048224", "text": "This study demonstrated that RhoB was increased in colonic epithelia of patients with severe UC and mice with DSS-induced colitis, reduced level of RhoB provided benefit for DSS-colitis remission with increased goblet cells and IEC proliferation, and also induced beneficial intestinal microbiome for colitis remission in mice. It reveals that RhoB is an important factor in regulating intestinal microbiota and homeostasis, which suggests that RhoB could be used as a new biomarker for UC and provide a potential therapeutic target for UC treatment."}
+{"id": "048225", "text": "One patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer underwent endoscopic variceal treatment as a rescue therapy but finally died of uncontrolled GI bleeding. Another patient with chronic pancreatitis did not undergo endoscopic variceal treatment at our department and then was discharged, but he finally died of recurrent massive GI bleeding at his local hospital. The remaining three patients did not undergo endoscopic variceal treatment at our department but survived at their last follow-up."}
+{"id": "048228", "text": "The term NAFLD was described 40 years ago based on the exclusion of excess alcohol for diagnosis. Paediatricians adopted the terminology even though alcoholism is not characteristic of children. Since then, fatty liver disease has grown to be the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. The renaming of NAFLD to MAFLD has been widely endorsed, and children must not be left behind in this global movement. However, there are some fundamental challenges including adopting an agreed definition of metabolic dysfunction in children. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of MAFLD in children has meant that there is a risk that individualised approaches could be lost in the face of increasing prevalence. In this regard, our message has been to use the terminology paediatric fatty liver disease or PeFLD until a positive diagnosis such as MAFLD is made. Paediatricians need to be aware of these facts and embrace the diagnostic and treatment challenges of MAFLD to reverse the course of the disease in childhood."}
+{"id": "048465", "text": "Previous studies had demonstrated the usefulness of duodenal bulb biopsies in research settings with a single pathologist reporting while blinded. The present study is the first one to examine this practice in routine, everyday clinical care. A major difference between our and previous studies is having more than one pathologist involved in interpreting the biopsies taken from patients in our study. There were four pathologists reporting on different patients. All were experienced, academic paediatric pathologists. Also, none of the pathologists were blinded. In real life, Pathology Departments of health care institutions will have several pathologists involved in interpreting small intestinal biopsies for celiac disease. It is not known how often pathologists in academic or community hospitals do IEL counting routinely. Also, pathologists may use different modifications of Marsh criteria, although it is hoped that each pathologist follows one particular classification to keep consistency in interpretation of the biopsies. Moreover, the possibility that different pathologist interpret duodenal biopsies differently cannot be excluded. Similarly, one cannot discount the possibility of an inaccurate interpretation of the biopsies by a given pathologist. Interpretation of small intestinal biopsies for celiac disease requires experience and familiarity with the spectrum of the histological changes. Knowledge of the clinical history and the working diagnosis of celiac disease may also bias the pathologists in their interpretation of the findings. Insufficient tissue or poor orientation of the biopsy specimens can also affect interpretation. However, these phenomenon are likely to be present and persist in real-life clinical practice. It is important to point out that our study is a retrospective review of biopsy results as reported by the attending pathologist. The aid of another pathologist for a second opinion was not sought."}
+{"id": "048796", "text": "This suggests that IBD inflammation onset and progression are not primarily associated with the present bacterial composition, but rather overall dysbiosis and its metabolic potential."}
+{"id": "048992", "text": "MAFLD subjects experience poor quality of life. Lifestyle modification including diet modification and exercise can improve the physical wellbeing ultimately improving the general health which will eventually help to lessen the severe outcomes and burden of disease on our society."}
+{"id": "049023", "text": "In the absence of cirrhosis, surgical resection of this tumour is less likely to produce liver failure. Patients with HCC and concomitant cirrhosis are not all suitable for resection because of the risk for hepatic decompensation after surgical resection. Strict selection criteria are therefore required to avoid hepatic decompensation."}
+{"id": "049030", "text": "EVOOs, particularly those rich in phenolic compounds have notable amounts of polyphenols that can exert anti-oxidant effects. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to exert hormetic effects, i.e. they display protective effects at low doses and increase the generation of ROS when administered at high doses. In fact, antioxidant balance is very important to prevent ROS generation and oxidative stress in fatty liver disease. As the dietary EVOO content of our diets was high, it is possible that both EVOO groups received too high levels of dietary polyphenols resulting in the rather unexpected increase in hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis. It is known that the transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the adaptive response to oxidative stress by inducing the expression of antioxidant genes and preventing NAFLD progression. Consistent with this, we observed a decrease in liver Nrf2 gene expression in HFD groups which may contribute to NAFLD and only the EVOO group showed significant Nrf2 elevations indicating diminished oxidative stress in this group (consistent with aforementioned effects on GPx). The OL group did not show such effects and similarly to our study, detrimental effect was observed for chocolate preparations enriched with high amounts of polyphenols, where high chronic polyphenol consumption resulted in the aggravation of atherosclerosis."}
+{"id": "049186", "text": "The purpose of this review was to identify the relationship between the gut microbiome and the development of postoperative complications like anastomotic leakage or a wound infection. Recent reviews focusing on underlying molecular biology suggested that postoperative complications might be influenced by the patients’ gut flora. Therefore, a review focusing on the available clinical data is needed."}
+{"id": "049207", "text": "CD14 receptor signaling is another component of the innate immune system, and this receptor is constitutively expressed in the majority of innate immune cells. A recent report implicates this pathway in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic biliary strictures. Bile duct strictures are a hallmark of PSC and are a major cause of clinical consequences, causing biliary obstruction with ascending cholangitis and setting the stage for cholangiocarcinoma. CD14 receptor signaling was linked to dominant stricture formation in PSC patients in association with a specific genotype ."}
+{"id": "049241", "text": "Energy and anabolic metabolism are essential for normal cellular homeostasis but also play an important role in regulating immune responses and cancer development as active immune and cancer cells show an altered metabolic profile. Mitochondria take a prominent position in these metabolic reactions. First, most key energetic reactions take place within or in conjunction with mitochondria. Second, mitochondria react to internal cues from within the cell but also to external cues originating from the microbiota, a vast diversity of associated microorganisms. The impact of the microbiota on host physiology has been largely investigated in the last decade revealing that the microbiota contributes to the extraction of calories from the diet, energy metabolism, maturation of the immune system and cellular differentiation. Thus, changes in the microbiota termed dysbiosis have been associated with disease development including metabolic diseases, inflammation and cancer. Targeting the microbiota to modulate interactions with the mitochondria and cellular metabolism to delay or inhibit disease development and pathogenesis appears an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we summarize recent advances in developing the therapeutic potential of microbiota-mitochondria interactions for inflammation and cancer."}
+{"id": "049246", "text": "Additionally, factors related to the initial choice of these treatments and the reasons for discontinuing anti-TNF agents likely influenced these results. Therefore, when interpreting the results of this study as a whole, it can be inferred that UST, blocking interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, may be a beneficial option for CD patients who do not respond to anti-TNF agents. This interpretation is supported by mechanistic evidence indicating an increase in IL23-positive T cells in CD patients who do not respond to anti-TNF agents [22]. This aligns with the treatment sequence previously suggested for CD patients who have failed anti-TNF agents, as supported by various studies [19, 20, 23, 24]."}
+{"id": "049270", "text": "Consequently, these studies suggest that gut microbiota may have a significant impact on the pathophysiology of liver diseases, in which abnormal ductular responses, excessive fibrosis, and impaired innate immunity can inhibit normal regeneration and lead to liver failure or tumors. How to restore the regenerative ability of the failed liver is an essential problem to be solved in clinical scenarios. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms may enable appropriate targets of gut microbiota-based therapies to reduce the factors that inhibit liver regeneration or directly stimulate liver regeneration."}
+{"id": "049480", "text": "Our data indicate that the risk of microvascular invasion is highest in HCC tumors located in Couinaud segment 8. The size and the number of HCC tumors were not associated with an increased risk of microvascular invasion in our series of patients. Locoregional therapy whether alone, adjuvant, or a bridge to transplantation can decrease the risk of MVI. We recommend a larger and prospective study to investigate the effect of the locoregional therapy in decreasing the risk of MVI."}
+{"id": "049493", "text": "The phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were identified as being significantly higher in the asthmatic children compared with the healthy controls. The high relative abundance of Veillonella, Prevotella and Haemophilus in the microbiome of the upper airway in early infancy was associated with a higher risk of asthma development later in life. Gut microbiome analyses indicated that a high relative abundance of the genus Clostridium in early childhood might be associated with asthma development later in life. The findings reported here serve as potential microbiome signatures associated with an increased risk of asthma development. There is a need for human studies targeting the lower airway as well as well-designed animal intervention studies to further identify high-risk infants, which will help in design strategies and prevention mechanisms to avoid asthma early in life."}
+{"id": "049526", "text": "Overall, SCFAs are promising specifically in the context of colon cancer. Future studies should evaluate the effects of SCFAs on other cancer types including pancreatic and gastric cancer to understand their molecular mechanisms of action. Studies should also explore the impact of SCFAs on the efficacy and safety of standard chemotherapy and the prognosis of cancer."}
+{"id": "049530", "text": "After transplant, patients were followed in clinic and monitored by a hepatologist at least every three months in the first year, followed by every six months for the next two years and yearly thereafter. These visits allowed detection of biochemical and clinical changes in patient status such as evidence of LFT abnormalities. HCC recurrence screening protocol included AFP measurement and imaging every six months for the first three years after transplant. Patients were followed for five years after transplant or until end of study time or death whichever occurred first."}
+{"id": "049683", "text": "In conclusion, the nutritional landscape of interventional approaches for NAFLD treatment is burdened by the heterogeneity in study populations, duration of treatments, and the diversity of selected endpoints. The lack of longitudinal studies in nutritional patterns on the natural history of NAFLD makes it hard to assess strong benefits of either nutrients or dietary approaches, of which evidence relies on surrogate markers or short-term evaluation. The complex picture of the metabolic syndrome requires a careful, multidisciplinary method, because multiple causal agents impact on liver disease, and systemic morbidities are in return worsened by liver damage. The relative strong evidence of beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet is counterbalanced by a lack of studies in other dietary models, of which usefulness is crucial for populations where the Mediterranean diet would be undertaken with difficultly, due to geographical and cultural discrepancies in food accessibility."}
+{"id": "049755", "text": "As can be seen from the figure, these studies suggest that infection can destroy the intestinal barrier function and cause bacterial or toxin translocation. Probiotics can promote the recovery of intestinal epithelial cell junction and protect intestinal mechanical barrier."}
+{"id": "049821", "text": "In general, our data suggest that more attention should be paid to the study of the gut microbiota. It is necessary to take into account the nationality of the patient, since the microbiota pattern may differ in patients with ulcerative colitis in relation to healthy people of the same nationality. In addition, the data obtained by us show which taxonomic groups of bacteria may be responsible for the appearance of ulcerative colitis."}
+{"id": "049889", "text": "Furthermore, since PSC is associated with an altered bile metabolism and bile acids can directly affect bacterial survival, such changes could not only impact the colonic microbiota but also influence the upper gastrointestinal microbiota, which then in turn may affect biliary or colonic microbial communities."}
+{"id": "049891", "text": "Although it is known that the gut microbiota modulates host biology in numerous ways, many known metabolites have not yet been functionally characterized, and the molecular mechanism involved in these reciprocal interactions is still poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the interaction between the gut microbiota and intestinal immunity, describe the production of several immunomodulatory metabolites, and highlight how these metabolites affect and regulate immune cells to maintain gut health."}
+{"id": "049968", "text": "Hence, a deep understanding of the interplay between microbiota and cancer treatment could help to implement new strategies for cancer prevention and patients’ stratification for more efficacy and less complication due to therapy."}
+{"id": "050053", "text": "We conducted a prospective clinical audit of all patients presenting for an upper endoscopy (OGD) over a 5-year period, all of which had had a duodenal biopsy included as part of the clinical evaluation, to determine what investigative strategy would most accurately diagnose all cases of CD. We were interested to determine which clinical symptoms are most relevant in predicting the diagnosis of CD, whether age or gender had any effect on presentation and if we could improve the use of healthcare resources."}
+{"id": "050231", "text": "HCC is a major health concern in Pakistan. In our study, almost every third patient of HCC had vascular invasion like PVT and every fourth patient with early cirrhosis developed HCC with vascular invasion. We identified multiple risk factors in early cirrhosis that were associated with vascular invasion including raised AFPs, greater tumour size and lack of surveillance for HCC in cirrhosis. HCC surveillance needs to be improved in early cirrhosis, and multi-centric prospective studies are required in our population for identifying more risk factors."}
+{"id": "050252", "text": "In this review we have highlighted the importance of the interplay between the resident microbiota and the host in regulation of intestinal homeostasis, and how this interplay is influenced by the dietary habits of the host. It is well established that diets with a high fiber content, and low amounts of fat and sugar promote a microbiota that has beneficial effect on intestinal health by stimulating intestinal mucus barrier function and promoting immune tolerance over inflammation. On the contrary, diets low in fiber, and high in fat and sugar have been shown to promote a microbiota associated with development of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases such as food allergy, inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic disease. Despite the established role of the diet and microbiota in regulation of intestinal health, many fundamental questions remain to be answered and the challenges ahead lies in 1) identify the molecular mechanisms involved in mucus impairment, 2) further characterization of the bacteria and bacterial metabolites that influence goblet cell function and mucus properties, 3) establish the importance of different type of goblet cells in the control of mucus production and intestinal immunity, 4) assessment of the role of peripheral organs such as the liver in regulation of the mucus barrier via production of bioactive compounds further metabolized by the microbiota, 5) characterization of the mechanisms by which specific dietary components influences intestinal homeostasis, and how diet induced changes in the microbiota influences the ability of the intestine to maintain tolerance to the luminal content, 6) evaluation of the therapeutical potential of dietary fiber/bacterial metabolite supplements in restoration of mucus barrier defects and loss of oral tolerance, and 7) deeper investigation of the phage-mucus interactions."}
+{"id": "050270", "text": "The loss of intestinal barrier function in the mice fed the high sugar diet could have been due to either a direct effect of high levels of luminal sucrose or alternatively linked with a decrease in SCFA production. SCFA, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced by gut microbial fermentation along the entire intestinal tract including the small intestine. SCFA regulate gut immune and barrier function, as well as having a role in epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. SCFA also promote nutrient absorption, lipid metabolism, mucin production, and expression of antimicrobial peptides. The importance of acetate in gut health was reinforced by the improvement in colitis susceptibility following the supplementation of acetate. Acetate did not elicit any significant changes in bacterial community composition or increase levels of butyrate but was able to independently enhance the ability of high sugar fed mice to recover from an intestinal chemical insult. Several studies have previously shown that luminal acetate induces protective barrier effects in the intestine both directly through effects on epithelial cells and indirectly through effects on immune cells. In addition, oral acetate has previously been shown to reduce severity of DSS colitis when given prior to DSS. In our study, the loss of small intestinal barrier function that occurred during high sugar feeding was prevented by the provision of acetate in the drinking water. This would suggest that the increased gut permeability was not occurring due to high levels of luminal glucose, but rather a lack of SCFA production. Interestingly the provision of oral acetate did not result in an increase in levels of cecal acetate in the mice fed the high sugar diet. However, acetate is both absorbed in the small intestine and used as cross feeding by many microbial species; thus, a lack of increase in the cecum was likely due to utilization in the upper gut."}
+{"id": "050360", "text": "In this analysis, we demonstrate a higher rate and dependence on LDLT for people living with PSC than would be expected for other liver transplant indications and significantly increased survival and rates of transplant with access to pLD. We underscore the importance of access to LDLT for PSC in the current MELD-Na era, and highlight indirectly that patients with PSC are not adequately served with a pure MELD-Na approach. Future efforts are needed to redesign organ allocation approaches to better address the clinical needs for both common, as well as rare disease indications such as PSC. Equity of access to living donor transplantation needs to be enhanced to ensure equity of opportunity for a lifesaving procedure."}
+{"id": "050427", "text": "Consumption of HFD in rats is a useful model of putative effects of dietary fat in humans. In the present study, HFD feeding for 8 weeks induced obesity in rats. The body weight and food intake of Wistar rats fed the HFD were significantly increased and the endurance training suppressed these effects. This significant lower body weight in trained rats may be due to the reduction of the amount of adipose tissue resulting in decreased generation of sex hormones, glucose, leptin; the increase appetite-suppressing neuropeptide hormones levels such as nesfatin-1 and PYY levels, and negative energy and fat balance linked with increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation during the exercise. However, Mohammadi et al showed that the increased body weight of rabbits by 8 weeks of high cholesterol diet feeding was not altered under chronic exercise."}
+{"id": "050461", "text": "Surgical procedures were performed by experienced hepatobiliary surgeons at the same tertiary institution with over twenty-five years of experience. The decision to proceed to surgery following PVE was based on sufficient hypertrophy of the FLR on follow-up imaging to facilitate the anticipated surgery and the absence of disease progression that would preclude surgical resection. Major and minor hepatectomies were defined as the resection of ≥ 4 or < 4 Couinaud segments respectively."}
+{"id": "050651", "text": "Although most work in this space has been conducted in animal models, the available data from human studies support the role of improving cardiorespiratory fitness as a key therapeutic target in the management of NAFLD."}
+{"id": "050653", "text": "Syndrome of OSA worsens the cognitive status in patients with NAFLD. The possible underlying mechanism is the influence on the reduction of cortical and subcortical structures driven by constant apnea/hypopnea episodes, and consecutive hypoxia that initiates the domino process of deteriorating biochemical reactions in the brain."}
+{"id": "050710", "text": "Since indole metabolites are produced by gut microbiota the above mentioned results underline the potential role of gut dysbiosis in the etiology of NAFLD with several studies indicating alterations of the gut microbiome in animals and humans with NAFLD [87]."}
+{"id": "050771", "text": "Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process of taking feces from a healthy donor, a volunteer to donate fecal material and have it screened for multiple types of bacteria for a combination that passes basic criteria from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and any additional criteria given by specific studies, and implanting it into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient suffering from a GI-related illness. FMT is a focused treatment to replenish the natural flora of the GI tract to overcome the overgrowth of harmful bacteria. The process involves mixing the donated stool with a bacteriostatic liquid, a liquid that prevents bacterial reproduction, and removal of particulate matter from the sample. The processed stool is then administered to the patient. Colonoscopy and enema are the two major administration processes and oral capsules are currently in development as an easier administration procedure. These capsules would allow for outpatient delivery of the treatment."}
+{"id": "050790", "text": "ICG-enhanced fluorescence was used during laparoscopic colorectal resection in order to verify the adequate perfusion of the large bowel prior to anastomosis."}
+{"id": "050995", "text": "Uncovering the intricacies of the gut microbiome and how it interacts with the host immune system has opened up pathways in the search for the treatment of disease conditions. Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Research has shed light on the breakdown of the protective gut barriers, translocation of gut microbes to the liver and inflammatory immune response to microbes all contributing to alcohol-associated liver disease. This knowledge has opened up avenues for alternative therapies to alleviate alcohol-associated liver disease based on the interaction of the commensal gut microbiome as a key player in the regulation of the immune response. This review describes the relevance of the intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota, and specialized and non-specialized intestinal cells in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. It also reflects how these components are altered during alcohol-associated liver disease and discusses new approaches for potential future therapies in alcohol-associated liver disease."}
+{"id": "051025", "text": "CK18 is present in huge amount in liver. It is an intermediate filament protein representing 5% of the hepatic proteins. In the apoptosis of cell, CK18 is cleaved and the fragments of CK18 are identified by M30 antibody specific for liberated C-terminus. Aim of the study was to find the association of liver biomarkers serum AST and ALT with CK18 which can be used as diagnostic biomarker as well as marker for disease progression in future."}
+{"id": "051058", "text": "The trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the human gut, referred to as the gut microbiota, perform extensive metabolic activities essential to maintaining host homeostasis and health. Variations in the composition of the gut microbiota induce metabolic changes that may result in alterations in host phenotype. Diet is a major environmental factor involved in shaping the composition and function of the gut microbiota and therefore its impact on host health and disease. Although the external environment plays an important role in shaping the microbial community, the host can affect the microbial ecosystem through its immune system, which also exerts an impact on the fecal metabolic content. While the study of the 16S rRNA gene does not fully capture the metabolic activity of the gut microbiome, whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing broadly captures the genetic milieu of the gut microbiota and thus allows broader profiling of the metabolic potential present. Observational studies comparing fecal microbiota from healthy subjects to patients with different types of metabolic diseases strongly suggest that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the etiology and development of obesity and diabetes that is accompanied by a low-grade inflammation known as metabolic endotoxemia."}
+{"id": "051078", "text": "In this study we demonstrate that a two-day exposure to a high-sugar diet rapidly alters gut microbial composition, depletes short chain fatty acids and increases susceptibility to chemically induced colitis. This effect was significantly attenuated through the supplementation of acetate independently of changes in microbial community composition. These findings are consistent with recent literature purporting the risks of a high-sugar diet in the triggering and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel diseases and the protective role of SCFA."}
+{"id": "051107", "text": "DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification and during the last decade its correlation to IBD pathogenesis has been well established. Several reports have suggested that there are significant differential DNA methylation statuses between normal and inflamed tissues from CD and UC patients. Therefore, there are evidences that the hypermethylation of many gene promoters is associated with IBD patients."}
+{"id": "051211", "text": "Table 1 presents a comprehensive summary of the results obtained from recent clinical trials investigating various strategies aimed at mitigating OSA with the objective of enhancing NAFLD outcomes."}
+{"id": "051301", "text": "An accurate staging of the tumor before considering treatment of HCC is mandatory to estimate prognosis and decide which therapy may offer the greatest survival potential."}
+{"id": "051354", "text": "The burden of comorbidity is clearly a major prognostic factor but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. It is worthwhile identifying single diseases contributing to the risk of complications so that predisposing factors for post operative morbidity can be avoided. In the meantime, a high comorbidity score should lead to a higher degree of caution by the clinicians. Morbidity scoring systems can be used prospectively to predict morbidity so that patient could be counselled concerning operative risk, to modify surgical procedures to decrease duration of surgery and to tailor postoperative patient care according to risk predicted."}
+{"id": "051569", "text": "The present study showed that serum betatrophin was independently positively associated with TG after adjustment for a wide range of risk factors for NAFLD in a Chinese population. Serum betatrophin was an independent risk factors for LFC. Subjects with HLFC had higher serum betatrophin and TG as compared to those with LLFC and controls. Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds for NAFLD were 2.88 fold higher in third levels of serum betatrophin as compared to those in first level after adjustment for traditional risk factors of NAFLD."}
+{"id": "051702", "text": "Although a number of clinical and animal experiments have observed that intestinal flora imbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD (17). However, It is still not clear whether the imbalance in intestinal flora is the direct cause of NAFLD or just reflects some disease-related changes in the host immune and metabolic system. In this review, we highlighted the updated discoveries in intestinal flora dysregulation and their link to the pathogenesis mechanism of NAFLD and summarized potential treatments of NAFLD related to the gut microbiome."}
+{"id": "051748", "text": "Although the converted patients tended to have recurrence shortly after liver resection, their survival could be prolonged by repeat hepatectomy or resection of metastases at other sites. Liver resection after downsizing chemotherapy for patients with unresectable CLM appears to be efficacious and may result in long-term outcomes equivalent to those of patients with initially resectable CLM."}
+{"id": "051769", "text": "This study also confirmed that the risk of type 2 diabetes in NAFLD patients with abdominal obesity was significantly higher than that in NAFLD patients with normal waist circumference, regardless of BMI. According to previous studies and the results of this study, regardless of whether it is MAFLD or not, the risk of type 2 diabetes in lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is similar. If NAFLD is MAFLD, whether it is lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonlean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, it has a high risk of type 2 diabetes. BMI-driven approaches for NAFLD should be replaced by better diagnostic tools emphasizing the assessment of metabolic disorders and advanced liver fibrosis (16). It should be explored which clinical manifestations and outcomes of lean NAFLD meet the criteria for MAFLD and which do not."}
+{"id": "051770", "text": "Clinical proteomics in cancer has also addressed challenges of integrating genomic data such as mutations. Wang and coworkers demonstrated that altered protein products resulting from somatic mutations can be quantified by targeted proteomics by developing assays for Ras proteins and applying them in colorectal and pancreatic tumor tissue and premalignant pancreatic cyst fluids 127. He and coworkers recently developed assays to quantitate ERG isoforms in TMPRSS2‐ERG positive VCaP cell line and two prostate cancer tissue samples 128."}
+{"id": "051797", "text": "A good strategy that could be able to get around some of the abovementioned drawbacks of usual treatments to date is the use of therapeutic microorganisms particularly bacteria. Although some of the cancers are caused by bacteria as shown in Figure 1, a number of studies have proven that microbes are also capable of curing the deadly disease, considering that their genes can be altered so as to modify their capacity to produce and release in particular very toxic chemicals which have anticancer properties [4]."}
+{"id": "052069", "text": "Intraoperative ultrasound evaluation of the liver should be performed to ensure resectability of the liver metastases. The abdomen should be explored to discover extrahepatic abdominal metastases. Suspected extrahepatic abdominal metastases should be confirmed by intraoperative biopsy. The operating surgeon will ultimately decide which procedure is to be performed."}
+{"id": "052079", "text": "There is a high prevalence of NAFL in children and youth with obesity based on US findings and abnormal ALT. Additionally, elevated serum TG was an associated risk factor for NAFL. These findings may help clinicians identify high risk patients. Further efforts for effective interventions are required on this patient population as they are at a high risk of progressive liver disease in adulthood."}
+{"id": "052258", "text": "Zonulin secretion reduces the function of the intestinal barrier.20 Examined from another aspect, the aim of the stronger intestinal barrier functions in CHB patients compared to the control group and reduction in mucosal permeability developing may be to prevent the transition of toxic bacterial products into the bloodstream. Attempts to reduce the transition of toxic products into blood circulation may cause the identification of low levels of copeptin, a marker of systemic circulation disorder observed to increase especially in cirrhosis, in patients. Additionally, many non-infective HbsAg particles form in CHB patients. It is considered that the increase observed in barrier functions compared to the control group may be due to the interaction of these particles with intestinal epithelium. This situation shows that intestinal epithelial cells may enter interactions with viral particles."}
+{"id": "052277", "text": "The management of varices and acute VH must be taken in the context of the severity of portal hypertension and the presence (or absence) of other complications related to cirrhosis or portal hypertension or both. Over the last decades, the advances in the therapy of portal hypertension have resulted in lower rates of decompensation and death, particularly for therapies associated with a decrease of portal pressure. In the future, risk stratification and improvements in therapies of patients with cirrhosis and acute VH are expected."}
+{"id": "052315", "text": "A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as UC153233. Oxidative injury might be a potential driving force in the progression of UC and carcinogenesis. The present study therefore aimed to elucidate whether CPUY192018-induced antioxidant activities can actually protect against oxidative injury. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) has been reported to induce oxidative injury in NCM460 cells34. This chemical is a sulfated polysaccharide that has been widely used to induce inflammation in animal models of IBD34."}
+{"id": "052356", "text": "The patient had features of chronic liver disease with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices, as described above. Plackett et al have described a case of colocolonic intussusception occurring in a patient with a history of portal hypertension, ascites, retroperitoneal and peritoneal varices, and cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C. This study has suggested that portal hypertension resulting in vascular congestion due to dilated and thickened capillaries may have functioned as a lead point for the development of colonic intussusception, and furthermore noted that this mural thickening became worsened as liver cirrhosis progressed. We postulate that the development of gastrogastric intussusception in our patient may have occurred due to a similar mechanism of vascular congestion on a background of portal hypertension, varices, and partial portal venous thrombosis, exacerbated by raised intra-abdominal pressure arising from ascites."}
+{"id": "052400", "text": "Furthermore, combined genetic risk scores from 11 functional genetic variants associated with IBD susceptibility were directly involved in the bacterial composition in the gut and were associated with a decrease in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria."}
+{"id": "052460", "text": "Prior to daily treatment with CPAP patients were prepared for their treatment by undergoing a process of acclimatizing their CPAP pressure to the level that it was set to during simulation. After reaching steady state they were transferred to the linac for therapy with CPAP in place. KV images and MV portal images were used for verification. No additional modifications of normal treatment were necessary with CPAP."}
+{"id": "052461", "text": "We believe that our work has a role to play in the prevention and treatment of MP infections and in the maturation of the microbial “gut-lung axis,” which differs in the abundance and diversity of intestinal microorganisms in children with MPP compared to healthy children. We found a correlation between serum inflammatory factors and Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Clostridium butyricum in children with MPP and a significant decrease in the number of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Clostridium butyricum in the gut of children with wheezing, which may be aggravates the inflammatory reaction of children with wheezing MPP. We suggest that the diversity of intestinal probiotics and the number of flora determine the microbial ecological balance of the gut in children and are relevant to the evolution and prognosis of children with MPP. We speculate that the “gut-lung axis” interrelation may also be related to gut flora metabolites, in addition to gut flora. In future studies of the gut flora of MPP, we will further develop the mechanisms of immune and metabolic interactions between the microflora in the gut and MP colonization in the lung. Studying the gut microecology in children, regulating the gut flora, and maintaining a balanced gut microecological environment may be a future trend in preventing asthma, and even respiratory disease in general, in children with MPP."}
+{"id": "052532", "text": "Finally, we calculated ratios between secondary to primary bile acids in feces as they represent a way of quantifying the conversion of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids by the intestinal microbial flora. Some studies have been using these ratios to investigate how changes in gut microbial composition impact bile acid metabolism and how they are linked to liver diseases such as cirrhosis [24,41]. The ratios between secondary to primary bile acids are reported to be typically lower in cirrhotic patients in comparison to healthy controls. In Table 1, we report the ratios of secondary/primary bile acids in feces from healthy controls aiming for a future comparison with cohorts that represent patients with history of harmful drinking. Investigating the crosstalk between gut microbiota and liver through fecal metabolome provides a novel strategy for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind alcoholic liver disease [44,45]."}
+{"id": "052615", "text": "This was an observational, retrospective multicenter study including patients with CD who received the first dose of IV UST. Data from 13 IBD referral centers in Brazil were retrospectively evaluated from November 2017 to November 2019."}
+{"id": "052969", "text": "Cardiovascular comorbidities and outcomes are traditionally underestimated in liver disease patients. Physicians tend to focus on treating renal dysfunction and liver-related morbidities and mortalities in liver fibrosis patients. Recent reports have drawn attention to the cardiovascular aspects of fatty liver disease, which are becoming the major cause of liver transplantation in westernized societies."}
+{"id": "053086", "text": "Ultrasonographic diagnosis of fatty liver will be made according to established criteria (American Gastroenterology Association) and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome according to the criteria of the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance."}
+{"id": "053447", "text": "This manuscript briefly reviews the role of gut-derived LPS in the development and progression of NAFLD and ALD. Gut barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis are highlighted as they are the two major mechanisms of endotoxemia as well as potential therapeutic targets."}
+{"id": "053467", "text": "Current genetic studies that target NAFLD and T2D require the discovery of more significant genetic association signals to support and translate the research through various novel analytical methods into biological and potentially therapeutic knowledge. Therefore, this study first conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis through the use of GWAS to identify susceptibility genes for NAFLD combined with T2D. The core shared genes were further screened as this information was combined with the results of DEG analysis. Subsequently, functional annotation analysis was performed to identify the underlying biological pathways of these core, shared genes. At the same time, a two-sample MR analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between NAFLD and T2D. The above analysis provided a robust theoretical basis for the study of NAFLD and T2D complications and new ideas and opportunities for the further development of prevention and treatment strategies."}
+{"id": "053533", "text": "UGIB was more likely to occur in male gender. In our study, bleeding from esophageal varices was the most important cause of UGIB in this part of the world and bleeding from duodenal ulcer was quite uncommon as compared to the western world. Variceal bleeding had a significant association with male gender and middle age group patients. While duodenal ulcer bleed had a significant association with older age."}
+{"id": "053544", "text": "Fecal microbiota transplantation may contribute to disease remission in ulcerative colitis; however, the factors that determine the effects of treatment remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis and identify the bacterial signatures associated with clinical remission."}
+{"id": "053679", "text": "The results obtained indicate that this miRNA could potentially be used as a diagnostic biomarker in the early fibrosis stage of NAFLD."}
+{"id": "053692", "text": "Hypermutated IgA specific for components of the microbiota involves bacterial sampling by DC and a limited migration of DC up to the mesenteric lymph nodes where B cells are induced to differentiate into plasma cells [7, 58]. Lamina propria plasma cells produced dimeric IgA that is shuttled to the apical side of the enterocytes by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor or secretory component."}
+{"id": "054185", "text": "The microbiota is considered a “system” that carries out various vital functions in our bodies. Many factors are involved in the normal functioning of this organ system of the body which leads to microbial dysbiosis. This not only alters the composition of microbial communities but also leads to alteration in normal physiological functioning associated with normal microflora. Alteration in the composition and function of the gut microbiota has a direct effect on human health and plays an important role in the occurrence of several diseases."}
+{"id": "054237", "text": "Gut microbiota is widely considered to be one of the most important components to maintain balanced homeostasis. Looking forward, probiotic bacteria have been shown to play a significant role in immunomodulation and display antitumour properties. Bacterial strains could be responsible for detection and degradation of potential carcinogens and production of short-chain fatty acids, which affect cell death and proliferation and are known as signaling molecules in the immune system. Lactic acid bacteria present in the gut has been shown to have a role in regression of carcinogenesis due to their influence on immunomodulation, which can stand as a proof of interaction between bacterial metabolites and immune and epithelial cells. Probiotic bacteria have the ability to both increase and decrease the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines which play an important role in prevention of carcinogenesis. They are also capable of activating phagocytes in order to eliminate early-stage cancer cells. Application of heat-killed probiotic bacteria coupled with radiation had a positive influence on enhancing immunological recognition of cancer cells. In the absence of active microbiota, murine immunity to carcinogens has been decreased. There are numerous cohort studies showing the correlation between ingestion of dairy products and the risk of colon and colorectal cancer. An idea of using probiotic bacteria as vectors to administer drugs has emerged lately as several papers presenting successful results have been revealed. Within the next few years, probiotic bacteria as well as gut microbiota are likely to become an important component in cancer prevention and treatment."}
+{"id": "054265", "text": "Our findings were in line with the findings of a meta-analysis in which we compared the CMP samples with CRC samples from publically available metagenomic datasets. Our metagenomic analysis revealed that CpT samples had a higher abundance of the Fusobacteria phylum compared to healthy samples. Interestingly, the Fusobacterium genus is often involved in tumor progression."}
+{"id": "054437", "text": "In a rapidly changing environment, a rather rigid composition of the gut microbiota could also be of great disadvantage. Adaptation to highly varying external stimuli is of vital importance for the human host. It ensures protection from environmental insults and an optimized utilization of nutritional components from available food sources to create optimal conditions for host and microbiota. The human host, living in a mutualistic interaction with its individualized microbial community, is able to adapt to a constant changing exposome in a more flexible manner, assisted by a vast number of different bacteria in the gut microbiota that provide greater genetic richness and increased plasticity compared to the more limited human gene set alone [19,60]."}
+{"id": "054508", "text": "The gut microbiome has emerged as an important factor in various diseases, and the relationship between the gut microbiome and CRC has become an important issue in several studies. In this review, the potential role of the gut microbiome will be reviewed with a focus on how the gut microbiome affects the tumorigenesis processes associated with CRC. Furthermore, we discuss methods of gut microbiome modulation that can be used to treat CRC."}
+{"id": "054575", "text": "The further study of these two subgroups revealed the same profile of the ex vivo cardiac and coronary function after the HF diet but the results were related to different mechanisms at the level of coronary vessels depending on the body composition of the animals. These results indicate that the high-fat diet has an important effect on the adiposity of the individual, but not necessarily on the body weight, and that these changes in the adiposity are related to changes occurring at the level of cardiovascular function."}
+{"id": "054788", "text": "In conclusion, our study proposed the role of hepatic GHR in modulating gut microbiota by regulating bile acid metabolism via CYP8B1. And, the altered gut microbiota in turn affects the bacterial metabolites that may contribute to the insulin resistance and liver lipid accumulation caused by liver GHR disruption. Our findings provide the metabolic basis related to gut microbiota dysbiosis driven by liver GH signaling, which extends our insight into functional roles of GH signaling and facilitates the investigation of GH-gut microbiota crosstalk."}
+{"id": "054802", "text": "Patients who received CPAP from Secretaria Municipal de Ribeirão Preto were invited to participate in the study. They were instructed to attend the Ambulatório dos Distúrbios do Sono do HCFMRP, bringing CPAP equipment with them."}
+{"id": "054838", "text": "The higher prevalence of the phylum Bacteroidetes in patients with mild or moderate endoscopic activity and the higher prevalence of the phylum Proteobacteria in patients with severe endoscopic activity confirm the potential role as protective bacteria of the former and as bacteria correlated to the inflammation of the latter."}
+{"id": "054841", "text": "For NAFLD patients with severe obesity, weight loss is very difficult due to their large weight base and may require metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) intervention. Over the past few decades, MBS has evolved from the simple gastric volume-limiting procedure laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding to surgical options with hormonal effects, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), both of which induce appetite changes by modulating intestinal and central hormones, thereby reducing food consumption and increasing satiety. Usually, MBS is the most effective treatment for obesity and often results in dramatic improvements in glycemic control, insulin resistance and NAFLD.\n\nSAS is also one of the comorbidities with the greatest response rate to MBS. The 6th IFSO Global Registry Report shows that MBS leads to a reduction of SAS ranging from 58%-65%, depending on the type of operation (LSG, RYGB, OAGB)."}
+{"id": "054946", "text": "This could lead to the assumption that snoring without OSA might have a different pathophysiology. Since our study lacks a control group, we cannot address the question whether the strong link of NAFL to snoring is independent of OSA and if this link would still increase, decrease or even exist in non-OSA snoring individuals."}
+{"id": "055035", "text": "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the media campaign and the online questionnaire on participation rate and to analyze the prevalence of sleepiness and other symptoms related to sleep apnea. We hypothesized that symptoms of sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness are highly prevalent in the Swiss general population. Furthermore, we evaluated single items of the questionnaires and their association with sleepiness-related accidents. Based on the results of multivariate regression analyses, we modeled the risk of sleepiness-related accidents."}
+{"id": "055047", "text": "Previous studies reported that a certain level of weight reduction is necessary to alleviate NAFLD [13, 14]. Exercise is one of the most effective ways to reduce body weight and fat accumulation by facilitating metabolic processes without any side effects. Dietary restriction or dietary conversion to low calories is also well known as an effective treatment for weight loss. Thus, regular exercise and dietary intervention have been recommended to alleviate NAFLD through weight reduction. A few studies examined the effects of exercise with dietary restriction on improvement of NAFLD, but the effect of the treatment of exercise alone that does not induce weight reduction is still unclear."}
+{"id": "055110", "text": "In this article we have reviewed the current literature trying to highlight the mechanisms that are responsible for the development of NAFLD and that are at the base for the increased cardiometabolic risk in patients with NAFLD."}
+{"id": "055135", "text": "Elevated serum CRP after surgery may be a risk factor for and a predictor of postoperative delirium."}
+{"id": "055184", "text": "The increasing amount of evidence pointing to a multifactorial origin of NAFLD and NASH has led to strategies based on a combination of treatments in order to tackle the different hits that occur during the onset and evolution of these pathologies. The main aim of this work is to review current strategies intended to treat NAFLD and NASH by means of combining different nutritional interventions (MedDiet and multi-ingredient-based supplements), thus modulating different aspects of the disease. Furthermore, as a perspective in this field, we discuss the usefulness of omic technologies to identify the best combinations of ingredients to design effective multi-ingredient nutritional interventions and their potential for prediction and monitoring the treatment response. These strategies might be future tools for designing treatments against NAFLD and NASH."}
+{"id": "055266", "text": "In this prospective study, we investigated the association and predictive capacity of the gut microbiome for future chronic respiratory diseases, asthma and COPD, in adults using shotgun metagenomics. We demonstrated that the gut microbiome is associated with incident asthma and COPD and evaluated the relative contributions of traditional risk factors and a gut microbiome score. We then constructed integrated risk models that maximized predictive performance. Taken together, our findings indicate that the gut microbiome is a potentially substantive biomarker with clinical validity for both asthma and COPD."}
+{"id": "055280", "text": "The diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in this patient is established by the biochemical profile of chronic cholestasis, typical strictures and pruning of the biliary tree upon cholangiography, and ring fibrosis around the bile ducts in liver biopsy. The coexisting iron deficiency anemia should lead to the suspiciousness of coexisting inflammatory bowel disease which was confirmed by colonoscopy in our case."}
+{"id": "055286", "text": "In conclusion, this care confirms that coeliac disease is a sinister disease which may appear for the first time as severe complication such as jejunal adenocarcinoma. So, we think that screening for coeliac disease should be performed in all patients with duodenojejunal adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, it is also hypothesized that predisposition to small bowel adenocarcinoma in coeliac disease may be genetic, since only a few coeliacs develop this rare neoplasia."}
+{"id": "055353", "text": "This trial will answer the question whether there is an advantage for the anterior approach technique compared to the conventional resection group with regard to tumor cell dissemination. It will also add further information about prognostic differences, safety, advantages and disadvantages of each technique."}
+{"id": "055462", "text": "The present study we demonstrated that DSS-induced colitis changed the diversity of the intestinal microbial composition and diversity led to an increase of inflammation in colon. However, when SQE was administered prior to the induction of colitis by DSS, microbial dysbiosis was reduced. These results increase our understanding of the important role that gut microbacteria have in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and they also support the natural therapeutic potential of SQE for modulating dysbiosis in IBD."}
+{"id": "055627", "text": "Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a rare type of extrahepatic adenocarcinoma which is clinically and morphologically similar to HCC. When a mass detected on an imaging technique outside the liver with an elevated serum level of AFP, extrahepatic hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a diagnosis which should be considered in such a rare cause. If the routine imaging techniques are not helpful with an elevated serum level of AFP, 18FDG PET scan may be helpful for the correct diagnosis. However, the pathological examination is mandatory for the definitive diagnosis. Finally, during routine followup of patients with a known diagnosis, it has always to be kept in mind that other accompanying pathologies may occur."}
+{"id": "055691", "text": "Obesity and its associated complications like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reaching epidemic stages. Increased food intake and lack of exercise are two main contributing factors. Recent work has been highlighting an increasingly more important role of gut microbiota in metabolic disorders. It’s well known that gut microbiota plays a major role in the development of food absorption and low grade inflammation, two key processes in obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes key discoveries during the past decade that established the role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity and diabetes. It will look at the role of key metabolites mainly the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) that are produced by gut microbiota and how they impact key metabolic pathways such as insulin signalling, incretin production as well as inflammation. It will further look at the possible ways to harness the beneficial aspects of the gut microbiota to combat these metabolic disorders and reduce their impact."}
+{"id": "055879", "text": "In some patients with advanced esophageal cancer who cannot undergo radical surgical resection, immunotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy provides an opportunity for local treatment such as surgery or radiotherapy, but the timing of such treatment is unclear. In addition, some patients develop drug resistance after immunotherapy plus chemotherapy; therefore, it is unclear whether addition of radiotherapy provides a synergistic effect that reduces or delays development of drug resistance and improves patient prognosis. Herein, we report two cases of patients with advanced EGJ carcinoma in which remarkable benefits were achieved after treatment with immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy."}
+{"id": "055917", "text": "Additional intestinal factors such as secondary bile acids are likely to also be important. Many bacteria are susceptible to the antibiotic functions of secondary bile acids and decrease when secondary bile acids increase whereas bacteria that require such bile acids for growth increase. These may provide a potential explanation for the changes in microbial composition. Further systemic uptake of secondary bile acids may have direct effects on metabolism via FXR, TGR5 and affect processes such as senescence to cause hepatocellular cancer."}
+{"id": "055970", "text": "The intestine represents the largest immune organ of the human body. The immune function is an important part of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which actively prevents and resolves pathogenic infection. Intestinal mucosa injury in case of SAP is one of the main reasons for the accelerated aggravation of this disease. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved have yet to be completely understood, and an effective means to prevent SAP complications related to IBD has yet to developed."}
+{"id": "055974", "text": "Recent preclinical and clinical studies provide a rationale for ANG2 as a potential candidate for therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment for a range of solid tumors. Indeed, several drugs targeting ANG2/TIE2 signaling are currently under clinical trials as combination therapies. However, the complexities of ANG2 function as a TIE2 agonist/antagonist along with the complex interplay of ANG2 with ANG1 require careful investigation for the clinical development of drugs that target ANG2, both ANG2 and ANG1, or TIE receptors. The vascular stabilizing effects of ANG2 inhibition on delaying tumor progression and stimulating antitumor immunity make ANG2 an ideal target for combination treatment with other targeted therapies, especially those that induce resistance. Herein, we discussed the potential for combined ANG2 inhibition with current antiangiogenic therapy or ICIs to increase therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients. Antiangiogenic treatments that primarily target VEGF signaling have shown efficacy in cancer treatment but have generally failed to improve the overall survival of patients in most cancers. ICI therapy, a potent immunotherapy, has shown remarkable efficacy in many advanced malignancies by demonstrating durable responses and prolonged survival; however, ICI treatment also failed to improve therapeutic outcomes for the majority of patients. ANG2 inhibitors are currently being tested in different clinical trials in combination with antiangiogenic drugs or with ICI therapy in cancer patients. Further mechanistic studies are necessary to provide a better understanding of how ANG2 differentially contributes to the development and persistence of resistance to anti-VEGF and ICI therapies with respect to cancer type and tumor stage. This mechanistic understanding will provide insight into better therapeutic strategies to improve treatment efficacy in cancer patients. Moreover, future work is needed to determine if ANG2 alone or in combination with other biomarkers can serve as better predictive biomarkers for antiangiogenic and ICI therapies."}
+{"id": "055982", "text": "We described a rare case of adrenal rest tumor of the liver. Adrenal rest tumors are rare and uncommonly found in the liver. This tumor was similar to HCC in the radiological findings. A reliable diagnosis is difficult by radiological findings alone. Adrenal rest tumors should be added to the list of radiological differential diagnoses of hypervascular hepatic tumors."}
+{"id": "056024", "text": "Our results point to cell-specific expression patterns and functions of the FET proteins rather than the housekeeping roles inferred from earlier studies. The localization of FET proteins to stress granules suggests activities in translational regulation during stress conditions. Roles in central processes such as stress response, translational control and adhesion may explain the FET proteins frequent involvement in human cancer."}
+{"id": "056070", "text": "Therefore, we again propose that the commensal intestinal microbiota might attenuate the epithelial damage in the third phase of mucositis. As the commensal intestinal microbiota stimulates epithelial repair mechanisms, it can be hypothesized that the microbiota also attenuates mucositis by influencing the healing phase of mucositis."}
+{"id": "056131", "text": "Intraoperative management was described as follows. All operations were carried out under general anesthesia and performed by experienced surgeons in open and laparoscopic splenectomy and hepatectomy. Usually, the liver resection or local ablation was done before the splenectomy. Liver parenchyma transection and splenectomy were conducted with the use of an ultrasonic scalpel. The Pringle maneuver was not routinely used; it was used only when uncontrolled bleeding occurred. Intraoperative ultrasound was performed to detect additional tumor nodules not revealed preoperatively or to direct the local ablation. Major hepatectomy was defined as removal of three or more Couinaud liver segments, and minor hepatectomy as removal of fewer than three segments."}
+{"id": "056265", "text": "Concerning the site of recurrence, we achieved successful resection for all candidates with bile duct recurrence and liver metastasis. Three of ten patients with liver metastasis were able to survive over 3 years after resection at the site of recurrence."}
+{"id": "056509", "text": "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most prevalent cause of liver disease worldwide and afflicts adults and children as currently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Even though lately some advances have been made to elucidate the mechanism and causes of the disease much remains unknown about NAFLD. The aim of this paper is to discuss the present knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of the disease aiming at the initial steps of NAFLD development, when inflammation impinges on fat liver deposition. At this stage, the Kupffer cells attain a prominent role. This knowledge becomes subsequently relevant for the development of future diagnostic, prevention, and therapeutic options for the management of NAFLD."}
+{"id": "056534", "text": "Moreover, further studies should clarify whether the restriction phase can be shortened to less than the four to eight week period which we currently use in our practice, given the rapid results in terms of symptom improvement often obtained. This could further minimize the risks of nutritional inadequacy that a restriction diet may have and facilitate patients’ compliance. It is already clear that the length of time of the restrictive phase can be adapted depending on the time required for an adequate symptom response."}
+{"id": "056648", "text": "The gut microbiota represents a community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa) that colonize the gut and are responsible for gut mucosal structural integrity and immune and metabolic homeostasis. The relationship between the gut microbiome and human health has been intensively researched in the past years. It is now widely recognized that gut microbial composition is highly responsible for the general health of the host. Among the diseases that have been linked to an altered gut microbial population are diarrheal illnesses and functional constipation. The capacity of probiotics to modulate the gut microbiome population, strengthen the intestinal barrier, and modulate the immune system together with their antioxidant properties have encouraged the research of probiotic therapy in many gastrointestinal afflictions. Dietary and lifestyle changes and the use of probiotics seem to play an important role in easing constipation and effectively alleviating diarrhea by suppressing the germs involved. This review aims to describe how probiotic bacteria and the use of specific strains could interfere and bring benefits as an associated treatment for diarrhea and constipation."}
+{"id": "056656", "text": "Intravenous reinduction brought about favorable recapture of clinical and endoscopic remission, and should have significant priority over the strategy of merely shortening drug intervals, which should be launched before switching to other biologics targeting different inflammatory pathways."}
+{"id": "056826", "text": "VDZ is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the α4β7 integrin. VDZ inhibits lymphocyte adhesion to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 and subsequent migration. The safety of VDZ for patients with IBD with active or latent TB infection was summarized in Table 1. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated a low risk of developing latent TB infection reactivation with VDZ.[ A prospective observation study revealed that only 1 out of 294 patients had developed active TB infection despite a negative pretherapeutic screening.[ Furthermore, a retrospective study of patients with IBD with latent TB infection who received VDZ revealed no cases of active TB infection.[ Choi et al reported a case of a pediatric patient with CD who successfully achieved and maintained remission with VDZ after developing pulmonary TB during infliximab treatment. This case report is very similar to the present case. Our patient also achieved both clinical remission and mucosal healing by VDZ maintenance therapy without an active TB infection relapse. Thus, VDZ is expected to be a safe treatment even in patients who develop active TB infection based on the present case and the previous reports describing the extremely low risk of latent TB infection reactivation."}
+{"id": "056831", "text": "Fewer studies focus on patients with UC. Despite clear evidence, expert opinion is to optimize nutrition in patients with UC prior to surgery. A retrospective review of 235 patients with UC undergoing surgery compared those initiated on PN vs those without and concluded that there was no difference in postoperative complications when line infections were excluded, despite the group with pre-op PN being generally more ill; this study does not support routine preoperative PN due to the risk of line infection, and suggests patient selection is key."}
+{"id": "057001", "text": "The mechanisms by which unbalancing in gut microbiota participate to liver pathology remains still uncertain; however promising results on modulation of intestinal flora have been reported in several preclinical and human studies. Increasing efforts have been addressed to exploit the ability of probiotics to reverse gut dysbiosis and only recently they have been proposed as treatment of NAFLD."}
+{"id": "057005", "text": "Histological scoring also confirmed that the four-day DSS model produced measurable symptoms of colitis. All DSS groups showed epithelial damage and inflammation compared to the control group, with severity corresponding to administration duration. Histological scores indicate that shorter DSS administration duration generally results in less severe damage to the intestinal epithelium."}
+{"id": "057026", "text": "Routine preoperative nutritional screening and assessment as needed is recommended"}
+{"id": "057168", "text": "The criteria for resectability not only differed between previous studies but also were often poorly defined [10]. Although general principles were applied to the criteria for resectability in our institution, the decision regarding resectability could be made based on personal judgment in the clinical setting. Not surprisingly, judgment of conversion from unresectable to resectable status is somewhat subjective. Therefore, since palliative hepatectomy without curative intent might have been provided for some patients with aggressive symptomatic liver metastases in addition to uncontrolled macroscopic extrahepatic disease, patients with macroscopic extrahepatic disease at the time of liver resection and those with R2 liver resection were excluded to enable comparison of patients who underwent treatment with curative intent alone."}
+{"id": "057296", "text": "There was no statistically significant difference in overall and disease-free survival at five years among groups of patients with different etiologies of HCC who underwent liver resection with curative intent."}
+{"id": "057318", "text": "While our dataset does not allow a formal comparison with other biomarker models, the results of this study provide important biologic insights into the potential roles of angiogenic biomarkers of prognosis and disease recurrence in HCC patients undergoing LR or LT. Plasma VEGF and VEGF-C are candidate biomarkers that should be further validated to improve patient stratification."}
+{"id": "057330", "text": "HCC recurrence after liver transplantation peaks within 2 to 3 years after LT. The most common recurrence pattern is extrahepatic metastasis in lung and bone. Early recurrence within 1 year after LT could occur due to undetected extrahepatic metastasis that might present prior to transplantation or circulating cancer cells engrafting and growing in the target sites. Although there are no evidence‐based recommendations for posttransplant surveillance specifically after LT for HCC, imaging examinations using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and measurements of tumor markers every 6 months are performed in a manner based on general HCC surveillance."}
+{"id": "057369", "text": "The current study suggests that the Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of NAFLD, whereas the cereal–potato dietary pattern is associated with decreased risk of NAFLD. It is suggested that patients with NAFLD or those at high risk for its development should pay attention to controlling the intake of meat and sugary foods, increasing the intake of whole grain foods to improve the dietary structure and reduce the risk of NAFLD. Our findings may provide a reference for the preventive control of NAFLD. However, more studies examining longitudinal changes in NAFLD associated with dietary patterns specific are needed to clarify and build on the associations observed in the current study."}
+{"id": "057388", "text": "Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the presence of Toxoplasma gondii previous infection, HLA alleles, and IL8 level at the time of presentation in the severity of the mucosal damage and their possible impact on CD phenotype."}
+{"id": "057394", "text": "Several studies and clinical trials have encouraged the use of probiotic supplementation as promising and safe therapeutic approach, highlighting the uncharted avenue of the intestinal microflora restoration as a cornerstone in the standard of clinical care of NAFLD patients. Trustworthily, addressing gut microbiota as a new driving direction for the future medicine will brighten the avenue of personalized interventions. Nevertheless, microbiota composition investigation could become an appealing candidate even for diagnosis, attempting to profile liver disease stage. In addition, probiotics could be administered alone or in a combination with NAFLD current therapies although their synergic effects remain largely unexplored."}
+{"id": "057447", "text": "The aim of the present study was to establish the duration of exposure to intermittent hypoxia necessary and sufficient to trigger liver damage and oxidative stress in mice."}
+{"id": "057480", "text": "Unexpected intraoperative findings, modified surgical procedures, conversions or additional concurrent procedures might require perfusion assessment to ensure the proper functioning of the anastomoses. The most common use of fluorescence in MBS is for the assessment of the tissue blood supply. However, although the publications suggest that ICG may be helpful in this field, the available data might be significantly biased. Most publications describe small and retrospective studies without statistical analyses or metrics for the conducted interventions. There has been no standardised qualitative assessment of fluorescence in any publication. It seems necessary to improve the detection methods from a technical standpoint through adequate descriptions of the procedures to make them comparable. Prospective randomised controlled trials are needed for the conclusions."}
+{"id": "057682", "text": "We investigated the microbiome in the doughnuts collected from 16 patients participating in the C-seal trial. We selected eight patients who developed AL requiring reintervention and eight matched controls without AL. We analysed the bacterial 16S rDNA of both groups with MiSeq sequencing."}
+{"id": "057736", "text": "Emerging data suggest that CDED may be superior to EEN for the induction of clinical remission, based on improved tolerability profiles. Additional studies are needed to further describe the role of CDED as maintenance therapy and an adjunctive treatment alongside PEN and medications."}
+{"id": "057829", "text": "The role of the intestinal microbiome continues to be elucidated as well. There is already a plethora of literature demonstrating changes in specific taxa that are linked to the NASH and even advanced fibrosis. While some data on metagenomics are available, they are not tightly concordant with the metabolomic signatures in stool and direct interrogation of the microbial transcriptome will be needed to better understand the role of altered microbial taxa in NASH. Further functional analyses of changes in the microbiome will provide mechanistic insights into the nature of microbial contribution to the disease and its progression. It will also set the stage for phase-based therapeutics for NASH."}
+{"id": "057833", "text": "Because of the accumulating evidence from human and animal studies showing gut microbiota alterations in PD, several research groups are working in the identification of specific microbes and the pathways that connect them to the brain. Considering how much easier it is to manipulate the gut than the brain, the possibility to modulate the manifestation of PD symptoms by changing the gut microbiota is attracting a lot of attention both from the academic and pharmaceutical sectors. Much work is still needed given the complexity of the gut–brain axis, but many believe in the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota, and evidence is slowly coming out."}
+{"id": "057966", "text": "The experimental diet was effective to show changes in the serum levels of glucose, TG and HDL-cho and visceral fat in spite of no change in body weight in 15 weeks."}
+{"id": "058053", "text": "The relationship between the functional activity of the brain and the gut microbiota has received great attention during the past decades, resulting in the elucidation of the role of intestinal microorganisms in the host’s mood and behavior. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and psychological status because of certain experimental challenges; one of the most important is the difficulty to identify and recruit individuals with psychological issues such as social pain and then to analyze their mental status in parallel with microbial composition. Therefore, the majority of studies at the brink of psychology and microbiology have been performed on animal models such as rodents, which have limitations in terms of extrapolating the results to humans. In this cross-sectional case-control study, we could perform analysis of the relationship between the psychological state and gut microbiome of individuals with social exclusion experience, which is the strength of the current investigation."}
+{"id": "058151", "text": "If the hypothesis is true, the results of this study would demonstrate positive changes in the neuroactive amines, gut microbiota composition, and cognitive function when comparing the baseline observations with those from week 12. The study is a pilot from which a sample size for a larger clinical trial can be determined."}
+{"id": "058185", "text": "Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the human health. It is involved in the digestion and protects the host against external pathogens. Examination of the intestinal microbiome interactions is required for understanding of the community influence on host health. Studies of the microbiome can provide insight on methods of improving health, including specific clinical procedures for individual microbial community composition modification and microbiota correction by colonizing with new bacterial species or dietary changes."}
+{"id": "058230", "text": "In this review, we will examine the potential mechanisms by which the microbiome influences immune responses within the lung and assess the evidence for a dysbiotic microbiome in the gut and the respiratory tract of asthma patients. In addition, we will summarize the current therapeutic approaches and challenges associated with microbial-based therapies in asthma patients and highlight the future research and clinical needs in the field."}
+{"id": "058241", "text": "We evaluated the follow-up results of patients with OGIB to determine which management strategies after CE reduced rebleeding. The rebleeding rate was significantly higher among patients with insignificant CE findings than among those with significant CE findings. Among the patients with significant CE findings, the rebleeding rate of the patients who underwent therapeutic intervention was significantly lower than that of those who did not undergo intervention. Follow-up and further aggressive interventions are necessary for patients with OGIB whose CE findings are significant to reduce the chance of rebleeding. Moreover, patients with insignificant CE findings should undergo careful follow-up, keeping in mind that the bleeding may not originate from within the small bowel."}
+{"id": "058592", "text": "Alteration of programming of the intestinal wall maturation may be responsible for non-communicable chronic diseases in adulthood. It may originate from prenatal exposure of mothers to deleterious environmental factors such as pesticides or western diet. This work was undertaken to determine whether disturbances of the digestive tract function and of innate immunity of offspring at adulthood could be due to maternal exposure to a pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and a High Fat Diet (HFD) starting 4 months before gestation and lasting until weaning of offspring. Fifty-one male Wistar rats coming from 4 groups of dams exposed to CPF, HFD, both and control were followed from birth to 8 weeks of age. They were fed standard chow and received no treatment. The maternal pesticide exposure slows down fetal and postnatal weight gain without histological injuries of the gut mucosa. CPF or HFD both induced modifications of tight junctions and mucins genes expressions without inducing an increase in epithelial permeability or an inflammatory state. Co-exposure to both CPF and HFD did not exacerbate the effects observed with each factor separately. Despite the lack of direct contact except through breast milk until weaning, CPF or HFD maternal exposure have demonstrated preliminary gut barrier impacts on offspring."}
+{"id": "058822", "text": "One limitation of the learning effects analysis in ROLARR is that the experience variables were fitted as fixed effects in the model. This imposes the implicit assumption that every surgeon has exactly the same learning curve. This may be an overly strong assumption and it may be more appropriate to include random effects for the experience variables – both their main effects and their interactions – which in particular would allow for the possibility that different surgeons learn at different rates and plateau at different levels of proficiency. In this particular case, attempting the inclusion of random effects led to model convergence issues."}
+{"id": "058826", "text": "A framework to understand EED emerges from these data, which is summarized in Figure 7. A disrupted mucous layer allows luminal microbes to inflame the mucosa, creating a chronic inflammatory state. The host response is perpetuated by the steady stream of microbes present in the contaminated environments of these rural African children."}
+{"id": "058870", "text": "To assess the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for coeliac disease in adults and children."}
+{"id": "058894", "text": "The immune system interacts with esophageal adenocarcinomas in many ways and thereby substantially affects tumor progression and therapeutic response. Nearly nothing is known about these important interactions in EAC. Consequently the main focus of our study was to unravel the immune profile of EAC as defined by their T-cell activity, inflammation signature and immune escape mechanisms. Although most conventional therapies can elicit immune responses contributing to their efficacy, we could also show that radio-chemo therapy negatively alters the local immune status."}
+{"id": "059022", "text": "The results of the present study indicate that FLD and metabolic dysregulation may have additive or synergistic effects on the occurrence of metabolic complications in those with excessive alcohol intake. Although the increase in the risk of CKD in subjects with excessive alcohol intake alone did not reach statistical significance, excessive alcohol intake in those with MD significantly increased the risk of CKD, and more prominently so in those with both MD and FLD, with significant interaction effects among excessive alcohol intake, MD, and FLD on the risk of CKD (Supplementary Table S1). Although the risk of CKD in MAFLD with excessive alcohol consumption was not found to be significantly increased in a previous study, the previous study might have had insufficient power due to the small size of this specific population in that study (n = 285). There was no interaction between the risk of CKD in fatty liver index-defined MAFLD and the presence of excessive alcohol consumption in another previous study. However, it has been shown that alcohol and metabolic syndrome synergistically increase the risk of liver injury and liver disease progression, although the contribution of such an effect to the risk of CKD remains unclear."}
+{"id": "059064", "text": "Gastric cancer has a different characteristic than other cancers in that it causes postoperative body weight loss associated with gastric volume loss. It has been reported that the greater the rate of body weight loss after gastrectomy, the poorer the long-term prognosis. Therefore, a higher preoperative fat content may be a nutritional advantage. However, it is controversial whether a higher fat mass is associated with a better prognosis. In obesity, men tend to have visceral fat and women tend to have subcutaneous fat. In order to clarify the prognostic impact of obesity, it is necessary to investigate the prognostic relevance of fat distribution by sex. This study revealed that a low visceral fat mass in men and a low subcutaneous fat mass in women were independent poor prognostic factors after radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer."}
+{"id": "059140", "text": "In addition to the clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness of gut flora and their products, there is a significant body of in vitro and animal experiments that highlight the involvement of gut flora and their products in repairing damage and halting disease progression in AH and other ALD pathologies. While these experiments cover a range of pathological stages and changes, they mainly focus on alcohol-related early damage leading to AH or hepatic pathological damage resembling AH-specific lesions. It should be noted that these experimental results do not directly establish the therapeutic role of gut flora. However, both the pathological features of the models used and the mechanisms by which gut bacteria exert their effects bear similarities to the features observed in AH and existing human studies."}
+{"id": "059348", "text": "In routine clinical practice, corticosteroids are preferred to EN as induction therapy and it is unclear if EN is offered as an option to adult patients or who takes this decision."}
+{"id": "059490", "text": "We retrospectively reviewed a series of six patients who underwent LS after TIPS for hypersplenism secondary to PHT between 2014 and 2020. The perioperative data and patients’ clinical outcomes were recorded."}
+{"id": "059511", "text": "In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that bacteria in ICC may play an important antitumor role and that bacterial biomass in the tumor correlates with clinical factors. Thus, DNA of bacterial microbiota can be used as a diagnostic marker or prognostic marker for tumors, or even as a target for clinical drug therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms of how exactly they interact with cancer cells remain to be deeply explored. We need to understand clearly the molecular mechanisms of how microbiota enter and reside in tumor tissues, and study how to utilize them as targets for tumor prevention."}
+{"id": "059600", "text": "A sub group of patients can continue MEN as a maintenance treatment and this seems a useful strategy, especially in those who are not commencing azathioprine."}
+{"id": "059679", "text": "Alterations in the gut microbiome usually occur in liver cirrhosis. Gut microbiome dysregulation damages the liver and accelerates the development of liver fibrosis. Probiotic treatment has gradually become a major method for improving the prognosis of liver cirrhosis and reducing its complications. However, alterations in the gut microbiome have revealed different results, and the therapeutic effects of various probiotics are inconsistent."}
+{"id": "059965", "text": "Splenomegaly is a consequence and an important clinical indicator of portal hypertension. Guidelines addressing portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis recommend routine radiographic assessment of spleen size as an aid to clinical decision-making, and spleen stiffness is increasingly recognized as an important diagnostic tool in the assessment of patients with chronic liver disease. The role of the spleen as active player or passive bystander in portal hypertension, however, remains controversial. Some clinical studies have indicated improvement in portal hypertension following splenectomy in patients. These studies suggest that splenomegaly is an important potential therapeutic target in portal hypertension; however the molecular mechanisms of portal hypertensive splenomegaly remain poorly understood. Elucidating these mechanisms may lead to therapeutic options for patients with portal hypertension targeting the spleen that do not carry the substantial risks of surgery."}
+{"id": "060078", "text": "The results of the present study demonstrate that the diameter of central lymphatic vessels is closely associated with portal venous pressure in cirrhotic patients without larger venous collaterals that could provide decompression of the portal venous system. This indicates increased hepatic lymph production as a compensatory mechanism in portal hypertension. After TIPS-creation the diameter of the cisterna chyli decreases significantly, indicating decompression not only of the portal vein, but also of the lymphatic system due to decreasing hepatic lymph production."}
+{"id": "060178", "text": "Humans have evolved a three-dimensional mucosal barrier system to maintain local microenvironment homeostasis and systemic health, preventing the invasion of various exogenous antigens and commensal and pathogenic microorganisms into the colonic lumen. The intestinal mucosal barrier is composed of four parts: microbial, mucus, mechanical, and immune barriers. As the central component of the mucosal barrier, the mucus layer maintains the homeostasis of intestinal flora by nourishing intestinal symbiotic bacteria and protects the intestinal epithelium against intestinal pathogenic bacteria. The mucus layer also exerts immunological effects by directly binding pathogenic bacterial glycans via lectin-like proteins on immune cells such as those on dendritic cells. Defects in the mucus barrier are associated with intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer and extraintestinal disorders such as liver disease and diabetes. The continual mucus secretion into the gastrointestinal tract of approximately 10 L per day underlies this protective function. In recent years, significant progress has been made in identifying the components of the mucus layer, understanding their function and identifying the mechanisms underlying mucus secretion. The mucus barrier is garnering increased attention from the scientific community, warranting an overall and accurate overview of mucosal components. In this review, we detail recent findings by highlighting the emerging roles of various mucus components in delineating the stereoscopic structure of the mucus barrier. In addition, because the protective function of mucus is mainly attributable to continuous mucus secretion into the lumen, the mechanism for mucus secretion is elucidated to identify clues into the consolidation of the mucus barrier."}
+{"id": "060263", "text": "While exposure to stress did not alter concentrations of SCFA and other measured acids in either rat strain, the microbiome functional outputs observed in WKY rats suggest that energy and lipid metabolism may play a role in modulating gut-brain signalling in this rat strain. Other researchers have shown that SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota behave as signalling molecules with downstream neurochemical effects via the gut-brain axis. In this case, whole body SCFA turnover analysis may provide more insight. While SCFA levels did not differ in response to stress within strains, it was interesting to note that iso-butyric and iso-valeric concentrations were higher in stressed WKY rats compared to stressed SD rats. Our findings are in line with increased levels of isobutyric and isovaleric acids observed in patients with gastrointestinal diseases shown to have downstream neurological effects, such as celiac disease and IBD, as well as autism spectrum disorder. Increased levels of isovaleric acid in stools were also found to correlate with human depression."}
+{"id": "060281", "text": "The objective of this study was to identify the interrelationship among UA, gut microbiota, and metabolites in obese mice induced by diet. 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to analyze the gut microbiota in mice receiving a HFD, and a metabolomics analysis was used to investigate the mechanism of UA in obesity from the perspective of microbiome changes. This study provides a useful exploration of the potential mechanisms of UA in the regulation of obesity though microbiomics and metabolomics analysis and further demonstrated the beneficial effect of UA on obesity improvement."}
+{"id": "060298", "text": "1H MRS and CT liver imaging techniques are able to quantify absolute hepatic lipid levels utilizing relative persistent parameters percentage of liver water and liver density in a preclinical mild steatosis setting."}
+{"id": "060499", "text": "Valid biomarkers are needed to identify patients with severe NASH in order to reduce the need for a histological assessment but also in order to improve referrals. The relative number of patients without significant fibrosis was high and is likely to be increasing. A previous study cohort study with analyses before and after the introduction of a pathway for the management of patients with NAFLD found that the use of a two-step algorithm combining the fibrosis-4 score and the enhanced liver fibrosis score significantly reduced the number of unnecessary referrals [14]. It is possible that the use of valid biomarkers can also reduce the risk of an under-referral of patients who are eligible for assessment and possible medical treatment at specialized departments."}
+{"id": "060604", "text": "This is the first study that investigated the etiology of peptic ulcers in pediatric patients and its change over time, especially emphasizing on HNGN-PU as an emerging etiology of peptic ulcers and EoGE as a significant cause of HNGN-PU in children."}
+{"id": "060612", "text": "Patients with UC dominated in our cohort followed by IC. Frequency of CD was very low in our experience. There is average delay of one year from onset of symptoms and diagnosis including all subtypes of IBD. The most common clinical presentation in UC was bloody diarrhea and rectal bleeding and patients with CD had abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea as predominant clinical features. Extraintestinal features were uncommon in our cohort. In endoscopic findings, pan-cloitis was the most frequent finding in UC and ileo-colon was common location in CD. IC and UC shared common clinical features and disease location on endoscopy."}
+{"id": "060778", "text": "Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality in older populations. Furthermore, iron deficiency anemia is common and merits investigation and treatment, as it usually results from chronic occult bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. In view of a wide use of capsule endoscopy as a diagnostic procedure for occult gastrointestinal bleeding and of the growth of aging population, we performed a literature review about the feasibility of capsule endoscopy in the elderly."}
+{"id": "060895", "text": "Tryptophan is an indispensable aromatic amino acid in humans. Metabolites rich in indole and indole derivatives produced during the decomposition of tryptophan by the intestinal microbiota play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in the intestinal environment and the diversity of intestinal flora. Indole metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota can enhance body IL-10 levels, and IL-10 has an anti-inflammatory effect in regulating the inflammatory state of the host. Evidence from other studies suggests that the tryptophan metabolite indole acrylic acid promotes intestinal barrier function and suppresses the inflammatory response by downregulating inflammation- and oxidative stress-related gene expression. The anti-inflammatory effects of tryptophan metabolites are particularly important when the body is in a chronic inflammatory state and muscle protein synthesis is limited."}
+{"id": "060898", "text": "Our results show that serum AFP levels are useful for diagnosing recurrence and predicting prognosis in HCC patients who have undergone HR, RFA or TACE. HR remains the treatment of choice for HCC in suitable patients."}
+{"id": "061046", "text": "Our nomogram for predicting AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery might be helpful to identify the individual risk of AL. Furthermore, extended SFM might be the most appropriate strategy for reducing AL in patients treated with laparoscopic cancer surgery."}
+{"id": "061069", "text": "The alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury were found in the present study. The change of gut microbiota in LDA-related intestinal injury will lay the foundation for further research on the function and signaling pathways of the intestinal flora and promote the use of intestinal flora as drug targets to treat LDA-induced small intestinal injury."}
+{"id": "061169", "text": "It might be possible that a large deviation between measured and predicted CRP levels using the modified model occurs. At this time, an unexpected adverse event could be a cause of this deviation. Further investigations are needed to investigate causality and mechanism of large deviations between measured and predicted CRP levels."}
+{"id": "061200", "text": "Although the recent Surgeon General report on smoking cessation has emphasized that “it is never too late to quit smoking,” there has been a lack of attention specific to those 50 years and older. Contrary to earlier findings that adults 50 years and older who smoked had lower nicotine dependence prevalence compared with their younger counterparts, our results revealed that among US adults with cigarette use, those 50 years and older had the highest nicotine dependence prevalence compared with all younger groups. Moreover, nicotine dependence prevalence was positively associated with older age for both men and women. We did not find an interaction effect between age and sex on nicotine dependence. We did find that the pattern of nicotine dependence, which is associated with psychiatric comorbidity, varied according to age. For example, nicotine dependence prevalence was even higher among those 50 years and older with neither MDE nor SUD than those aged 18 to 34 years with co-occurring MDE and SUD."}
+{"id": "061268", "text": "The colonic mucus barrier can act as either an energy source, or as a potential support media for growth to the colonic microflora [47]. While a single bacterial species may not possess the necessary enzymes to cleave all the chemical linkages within the mucin structure, it has previously been hypothesised that the ability of each species to thrive as a whole may be dependent on the presence of upstream degradation of mucin by the colonic microbiome. Previous faecal culture studies under anaerobic conditions in mucin-agar gels could suggest that enterobacteria and Bacteroides species could be the most predominant within the colonic mucus [48]. However, it must be noted that these studies used gastric mucin as a starting point which has different carbohydrate structures than colonic mucin, which would be expected to affect both bacterial adhesion and degradation."}
+{"id": "061412", "text": "As an important and well-known traditional Chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been widely used to treat various vascular disease including cardiovascular diseases worldwide. PCA has been confirmed to be the major bioactive component from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against cardiovascular ischemic injury. However, the potential mechanisms of PCA on cardiovascular ischemic injury is largely unexplored. Our study focused on the effect and mechanism of PCA in the treatment of ECs after OGD/R injury, which can provide more exhaustive theoretical support for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in the traditional treatment of cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke."}
+{"id": "061555", "text": "Quinoa and carrots are types of food with a reduced FODMAP content that can be used without restrictions in the elimination diet."}
+{"id": "061580", "text": "On the other hand, fatty acids are known to exert some of their beneficial systemic effects on hepatic steatosis by altering the fatty acid profile of phospholipids present in hepatic tissue 14. In addition, a diet rich in ALA can prevent alcoholic liver disease by improving liver lipid homeostasis in animal models 15."}
+{"id": "061596", "text": "The aim of this study was to validate and apply a questionnaire determining the foods that may increase the symptoms in patients with UC."}
+{"id": "061651", "text": "Recent years have changed the treatment strategies in ESCC, both in localized and advanced settings as immunotherapy showed promising trial results. However, prognosis in advanced disease remains poor and has to be further improved by clinical investigations. Patients with specific biomarker expressions might benefit more from addition of immunotherapy. Respective treatment recommendations from approval authorities and differences on treatment labels should therefore be followed carefully. Therapeutic decisions should always be made by an interdisciplinary tumor board and in accordance with the patient’s wishes."}
+{"id": "061828", "text": "The large cross-sectional study was carried out at Tampere University Hospital and the University of Tampere. The celiac disease patients were collected from our prospectively maintained research database, in which the patients have been recruited via newspaper advertisements and via local and national celiac disease associations from different parts of Finland. Exclusion criteria for the present study were age under 15 years and uncertain diagnosis of celiac disease (not based on biopsy). The final study cohort comprised 856 consecutive subjects with confirmed celiac disease. All celiac disease patients had received professional dietary counseling and were placed on a strict gluten-free diet soon after the diagnosis was confirmed."}
+{"id": "061934", "text": "To understand why fats often have opposing metabolic effects, we note that the gut microbiota, the collection of microorganisms that inhabit our bodies and outnumber human cells by an order of magnitude, is sensitive to dietary composition and is linked to changes in metabolism and obesity . The composition of the diet and gut microbiota interact to modify the risk of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease . The metabolic responses to various fats might be best understood in light of dietary fat’s ability to drive changes in the makeup and function of the intestinal microbiota."}
+{"id": "061977", "text": "Our nomogram for predicting AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery might be helpful to identify the individual risk of AL. Furthermore, extended SFM might be the most appropriate strategy for reducing AL."}
+{"id": "062017", "text": "Obesity and DM2, isolated or linked by metabolic syndrome, are the most important risk factors in the genesis of NAFLD. The role of bariatric surgery comes up in this context. Several consistent studies over the past few years, culminating in the publication of Philip Schauer in 2017 , have shown that surgical treatment is more effective in weight loss and in the control of glycemia and metabolic syndrome than intensive and optimized clinical treatment in the short, medium and long terms."}
+{"id": "062103", "text": "We could recently show that the inner mucus layer of colon is devoid of bacteria as it probably acts as a ‘filter’ that blocks the penetration of bacteria [2]. This explanation is supported by our observation here that fluorescent beads with a diameter in the same size range as bacteria (2 µm) do not penetrate the mucus formed on top of tissue explants. Using the most commonly used animal model for colitis, we have now shown that DSS in the drinking water allows bacteria to enter and penetrate the inner mucus layer before any inflammation can be observed. The earliest time point that we could observe bacteria penetrating the inner mucus layer was after 4 h, although the full effect was observed after 12 h. The observed correlation between the amount of DSS in the colon and the penetration of bacteria suggests that the effect is direct, fast, and initially reversible. That DSS can cause a fast alteration in the mucus permeability was also evident from the results showing that 2 µm fluorescent beads were able to penetrate the mucus plume formed on top of tissue explants after only 15 min. The fast DSS effect on already formed mucus was further illustrated by the observation that DSS significantly reduced the mucus thickness in vitro within 15 min."}
+{"id": "062109", "text": "With growing urbanization and changing lifestyles, the incidence of sleep disorders is likely to increase rapidly in Africa. Urbanization without adequate structural and political foundations predisposes to poor and low-income neighborhoods. A major part of the African population is currently living in developing countries with high poverty rates and development indices below the international average. The lack of perceived neighborhood safety due to crime or social instability may contribute to psychological stress and increasing sleep impairment among residents."}
+{"id": "062113", "text": "Our data demonstrate that soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty is an effective treatment for OSA and primary snoring and may be a promising technique to reduce lateral pharyngeal wall collapse."}
+{"id": "062125", "text": "The symptoms of NAFLD vary considerably from person to person, as some individuals may have few or no noticeable symptoms until they are incidentally diagnosed by elevated levels of aminotransferase and by ultrasound. Other individuals will present with extremely high levels of hyperglycemia and classical symptoms of diabetes such as thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss."}
+{"id": "062188", "text": "Intestinal dysbiosis has been implicated in a range of hepatic diseases. Alcohol consumption causes intestinal dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier function. Transfer of intestinal microbiota from humans with SAH to mice confers susceptibility to alcohol-induced steatohepatitis, which can be reversed by faecal microbiota transplantation from humans who drink heavily but do not develop SAH."}
+{"id": "062290", "text": "In this study, we proposed a method that can be used to adjust for the bias in the diet-disease association caused by measurement error in reported dietary intake. Besides adjusting for the bias, the method can also adjust for confounding and measurement error in the confounder simultaneously. The strength of this method is that an investigator does not necessarily have to conduct a validation study, provided there is valid knowledge on the extent of measurement error in the self-report instruments that are used. Validation studies are usually very costly to conduct. Importantly, the method is very useful in conducting a sensitivity analysis to determine the threshold of measurement error and error correlation that leads to substantial change in the parameter estimate that quantifies the association of interest. We demonstrated how to combine external validation data with the observed data to adjust for the bias in the association. The method permits an investigator to either use prior information on the correlation between the errors in the dietary intake and the confounder measurements or on the correlation between their true intakes to estimate the covariance between true intakes. In the EPIC study example, the logHR estimate for FV intake adjusted for the bias with the multivariate method differed slightly from the estimate adjusted for the bias with the univariate method. The logHR estimates for cigarette smoking obtained with both bias-adjustment methods were similar. The similarity in the performance of the two methods in our example is due to weak negative error correlation assumed in this study, leading to minimal contamination effect of confounder measurement error. Sensitivity analysis, however, shows that the outcome of the two methods differs strongly when one assumes a strong error correlation. Further found through sensitivity analysis is that depending on the assumed magnitude of measurement error in cigarette smoking, the logHR estimate for FV intake can either be greater or smaller than the unadjusted estimate [5, 6, 14]. Notably, the error in cigarette smoking importantly affected the logHR estimate for FV intake, but not vice versa. This could be due to the stronger effect of cigarette smoking than FV intake on mortality and to the lesser measurement error assumed for cigarette smoking. In our method, we assumed there was no proportional scaling bias, as information on the magnitude of this bias was not available for FV intake and number of cigarettes smoked in a lifetime at the time of this study. However, the proposed method can be easily extended to incorporate such information. The same applies when an investigator wants to incorporate the effects of subject characteristics on their self-reports. In most cases there is no exact external information on the validity of self-report instruments. In such cases, the method allows the user to conduct a sensitivity analysis with a range of plausible estimates to explore the extent to which conclusions derived from the study could be influenced by measurement error. The method also allows pin-pointing assumptions that are crucial for drawing the right conclusion, so that future efforts can be directed towards obtaining valid information."}
+{"id": "062377", "text": "Furthermore, our research revealed a strong association between miRNA-34a and NAFLD risk factors such as hypertension and fasting blood sugar which indicated that miRNA-34a promotes liver steatosis and may play a key role in the onset of the disease. Further studies are required to confer the diagnostic and prognostic value of both studied miRNAs in the detection of NAFLD and to elucidate the mechanism of these biomarkers in the progression of disease."}
+{"id": "062387", "text": "An equally exciting field is the topic of bacterial metabolites and their relevance in fatty liver diseases. Several excellent studies have proven that such metabolites regulate evolution of hepatic steatosis and insulin signaling. What is also increasingly acknowledged is the fact that gut-liver interactions take place bidirectionally and there exists also a major liver-gut axis meaning that products of the liver affect composition of the gut microbiome. Prototypic factors into this direction are mainly bile acids and especially secondary bile acids, which are again regulated by the gut microbiota. Bile acids and derivates interact and bind to nuclear receptors, which regulate key metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD. From all these studies it becomes evident that the interaction of gut bacteria, immunity and metabolic pathways are key to our understanding of this frequent liver disorder. Deciphering disease processes will allow to develop innovative treatment modalities that are desperately needed for NAFLD."}
+{"id": "062428", "text": "The systematic screening of patients with cirrhosis by liver ultrasonography every 6 months leads to the disclosure of hepatocellular nodules which do not meet the non-invasive diagnosis criteria for HCC, especially when they are small around 2 cm. A guided biopsy of these nodules has thus to be performed for confirmation of HCC [46]. However, the differential diagnosis between high grade dysplastic nodule and HCC on these biopsy samples remains extremely difficult if not unfeasible and the use of IR microspectroscopy would be greatly helpful in this context."}
+{"id": "062438", "text": "Therefore, this randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the short-term impact of wearing CS and CPAP on the severity of OSA and fluid redistribution between legs and trunk in a sample of oliguric or anuric patients on HD. We also evaluated the impact of these interventions on overnight changes in NC. We hypothesized that CS would interfere in overnight rostral fluid shift from the legs, with consequent improvement of OSA, while CPAP would act locally on upper airways and improve OSA regardless of fluid shift."}
+{"id": "062611", "text": "The indications for TIPS placement were control of acute variceal bleeding in four patients refractory to conventional therapy and prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in eleven patients with prior variceal hemorrhage who had failed endoscopic and/or beta-blocker therapy."}
+{"id": "062730", "text": "So the excessive consumption of fats can possibly escalate the body's lipid content to abnormally high, disrupting the usual lipid metabolism. These changes can have the potential to trigger on Hh signaling pathway in the kidney of anomalous subjects. So, this investigation was aimed at exploring the changes in the expressions of fundamental genes that are involved in the Hedgehog signaling cascade and to assess the extent of morphofunctional change sin kidney due to the consumption of a high-fat diet in the Murine model."}
+{"id": "063021", "text": "Postoperative CRP levels in patients with intestinal BD undergoing surgical resection were associated with postoperative outcomes."}
+{"id": "063026", "text": "To our knowledge, the clinical outcome of CC in patients with concurrent PSC has not been compared against patients with CC alone. Our study—the first of its kind from North America—showed that PSC did not increase the risk of colon neoplasia in patients with CC. All instances of colon neoplasia in the PSC group occurred in the proximal colon. We also identified that male gender and age at CC diagnosis independently increased the risk for neoplasia."}
+{"id": "063105", "text": "The intestinal microbes can regulate intestinal permeability positively or negatively through metabolic and immune pathways. There is mounting evidence to support an etiological link between intestinal permeability and extraintestinal diseases, with the strongest link to liver diseases. Therefore, mechanistic studies and therapeutic approaches to liver diseases with a focus on the intestine need to be investigated for further research."}
+{"id": "063161", "text": "There have been a number of noninvasive modalities proposed to risk stratify patients with NAFLD in order to systematically assess for fibrosis. These noninvasive serum biomarkers are fully delineated in Table 1 based on the components of each test. Common thresholds utilized in the fibrosis assessment among NAFLD are illustrated in Table 2."}
+{"id": "063227", "text": "Development of a streamlined surveillance program could lead to cost savings through the avoidance of unnecessary upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or via a less invasive technology such as the CytoSponge, in a low-risk cohort identified by a molecular marker panel. More frequent endoscopy in the high-risk cohort could lead to earlier diagnosis of EADC or initiate management of BE to arrest further progression. In conclusion, development of a stratified marker panel in the context of a clinical trial is now needed to improve diagnosis of high-risk BE."}
+{"id": "063285", "text": "This study has taken into consideration 9 consecutive patients affected by severe AHH with HRS suitable for TIPS."}
+{"id": "063472", "text": "Since almost all stroke patients included in this study were hypertensives and died, it would have been senseless to enter hypertension and blood pressure in the logistic regression model that failed to outline the role of hypertension in stroke mortality. It has been demonstrated that elevated systolic blood pressure above 160 mmHg or its decrease below 140 mmHg were about three and two times more likely to cause stroke mortality,37 while from our previous studies, systolic blood pressure within the range 160–199 mmHg appeared to be optimal for survival10 in blacks."}
+{"id": "063562", "text": "McVI was revealed to be an important risk factor similar to gross VI confined to a segmental/sectional branch in patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection. This finding should be considered when estimating the stage for prognosis."}
+{"id": "063576", "text": "MTAG can substantially improve statistical power for detecting susceptibility loci relative to separate GWAS for the traits tested and allows potential sample overlap in numerous trait-specific summary statistics from large-scale cohort GWAS. However, replication or validation analysis is recommended to assess the credibility of each SNP association when MTAG is applied to low-powered GWAS or to GWAS that are considerably heterogeneous in statistical power. Since MTAG uses overlapping SNPs across all GWAS summary statistics, combining summary statistics with a smaller number of SNPs with those with a larger number of SNPs can reduce statistical power."}
+{"id": "063782", "text": "In CD, GP2 IgA aside from GP2 IgG has been linked with fibrotic changes in several studies whereas only GP2 IgA was associated with severity in PSC (Table 1). Concentric fibrosis of the intra- and extrahepatic bile tracts is the pathophysiological hallmark of PSC. In spite of the impressive number of clinical studies on the link of GP2 autoAbs with fibrosis, it remains to be demonstrated if the autoimmune hypothesis on the induction or perpetuation of mucosal inflammation in PSC and CD holds true."}
+{"id": "063927", "text": "In conclusion, the results of this study showed that myricetin suppressed BW gain and body fat accumulation by increasing the fatty acid oxidation, which was likely mediated via upregulation of PPARα and downregulation of SREBP expressions in the liver of HFD-fed rats. We suggest that myricetin may prevent or improve obesity by modulating lipid metabolism and preventing metabolic syndrome as a representative, lifestyle-related cluster of diseases caused by an excessively HFD."}
+{"id": "063931", "text": "In summary, the key to understanding gut health is an awareness that the GI barrier consists of multiple epithelial functions, the mucosal immune system, the ENS as well as the tissue matrix, the muscle layers and the blood supply. The GI barrier not only protects the host against potential dangers from the GI lumen but also allows food and liquid uptake, beneficial cross-talk to commensal bacteria and immune tolerance against harmless antigens. An intact GI barrier maintains gut health, whereas disturbance of GI barrier functions is increasingly recognised as an early but essential step in the pathogenesis of many GI diseases and even extraintestinal diseases."}
+{"id": "063935", "text": "We conducted a cold stress model induced by cold water. The mice were treated with 14 consecutive days of intragastric cold or common water administration. We observed changes in gut transit and gut barrier in the colon. We also employed RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis to identify the genes potentially driving gut injury, and simultaneously examined the gut microbiota and metabolites in the feces."}
+{"id": "063943", "text": "Bile acids are critical for the digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins; however, evidence continues to emerge supporting additional roles for bile acids as signaling molecules. After they are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, primary bile acids are modified into secondary bile acids by gut flora contributing to a diverse pool and making the composition of bile acids highly sensitive to alterations in gut microbiota. Disturbances in bile acid homeostasis have been observed in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). In fact, a decrease in secondary bile acids was shown to occur because of IBD-associated dysbiosis. Further, the increase in luminal bile acids due to malabsorption in Crohn’s ileitis and ileal resection has been implicated in the induction of diarrhea and the exacerbation of inflammation. A causal link between bile acid signaling and intestinal inflammation has been recently suggested. With respect to potential mechanisms related to bile acids and IBD, several studies have provided strong evidence for direct effects of bile acids on intestinal permeability in porcine and rodent models as well as in humans. Interestingly, different bile acids were shown to exert distinct effects on the inflammatory response and intestinal permeability that require careful consideration. Such findings revealed a potential effect for changes in the relative abundance of different bile acids on the induction of inflammation by bile acids and the development of IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge about the roles for bile acids as inflammatory mediators and modulators of intestinal permeability mainly in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases."}
+{"id": "063947", "text": "In this review, we delve into the mechanism through which the gut microbiota impacts the pathogenesis of various liver diseases leading to HCC and summarize the current findings to support the potential critical role of gut microbiome in HCC immunotherapy."}
+{"id": "064132", "text": "The advantage of HFNC therapy is that very high flows can be delivered as the cannula heats and humidifies the oxygen and air mixture. The mechanisms involved in HFNC therapy include oxygenation of previous nonventilated areas in the upper airways with an inspiratory flow rate that is greater than normal, which reduces upper airway collapse and results in a continuous positive pressure in the airways [65]."}
+{"id": "064156", "text": "The goal of this study was to test whether consuming a HFD drives a temporal progression of changes in glia and neurons along the gut-brain axis. Further, we hypothesized that enteric glia contribute to neuropathological signals that travel to the CNS and produce anxiogenic and depressive-like behaviors. We addressed these questions by blocking glial functions with the gliotoxin fluorocitrate (FC) and studied the effects of a prolonged HFD across the gut-brain axis that extends from the duodenal myenteric plexuses to the brain areas involved in the control of mood. Collectively, our data identified glial-mediated signaling triggered in the duodenal enteric plexuses as a critical link between peripheral and central neurocircuits that could be harnessed by treatments focused on correcting metabolic diseases and related neurobehavioral disorders."}
+{"id": "064161", "text": "The low FODMAP diet has confirmed its efficacy in the improvement of symptoms and QoL, with stability of all improvements towards the controlled reintroduction phase. The maintenance of changes between T1 and T2 could be attributed to the fact that patients, during the controlled reintroduction phase, learned to identify their tolerance for each FODMAP group and to control their symptoms by avoiding what they cannot tolerate."}
+{"id": "064429", "text": "The advancement of surgical techniques and perioperative patient care have led to great progress in major liver resection for HCC in terms of effectiveness and safety during the last decade. Although the RFS did not differ between the 2 periods, the OS has significantly improved in recent years. The results indicate that recent efforts regarding regular postoperative follow-up as well as multimodality treatments for postoperative HCC recurrence have dramatically contributed to the improvement in overall outcome of patients undergoing liver resection. Despite being technically demanding, AA has demonstrated several advantages over CA-RH. Therefore, right hepatectomy via the AA could be recommended as the preferred technique or even as a standard procedure for liver resection in patients with HCC."}
+{"id": "064456", "text": "Infectious complications were recorded mainly based on clinical symptoms such as fever, pain and tenderness, radiological findings and urinalysis. Intra-abdominal infection was considered present when at least one of the following criteria was met: the presence of pus or enteric contents within the drains, presence of an abdominal or pelvic collection on postoperative computed tomography (CT), and leakage of contrast media through the anastomosis during an enema or evident anastomotic dehiscence at reoperation for postoperative peritonitis. Wound infection including perineal wound infection after abdominoperineal resection was recorded when the wound was painful or erythematous with pustular discharge and/or a positive culture, the requiring the opening of the wound and the administration of antibiotics. The diagnosis of pneumonia was based on the radiological findings. Urinary tract infection was diagnosed by a positive urine culture and urine sediment findings requiring antibiotic treatment. The diagnosis of enteritis was made when stool cultures were positive for microbial pathogens requiring antibiotic treatment. Peristomal abscess and ischemia of the stoma requiring reoperation were included as infectious complication."}
+{"id": "064503", "text": "Protection against bacterial invasion and infection in the intestine is dependent on the resident microbiota, the mucus layer containing SIgA and antimicrobial peptides, and the monolayer of IECs that provide a physical and innate immune barrier.3 Here we demonstrated that loss of epithelial MyD88 signaling compromises antibacterial immunity at all three layers of defense, resulting in translocation of bacteria to MLNs. Loss of MyD88 in IECs did not cause spontaneous colitis, but rendered mice more susceptible to inflammation caused by the epithelial damaging agent DSS. These findings demonstrate the critical role of epithelial MyD88 signaling in maintenance of intestinal barrier function and protection against inflammation."}
+{"id": "064627", "text": "Alterations in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) are increasingly recognized as a major pathogenic factor in the development and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease associated with alcohol-related human disorders. Clinical and pre-clinical studies done by our research group and others using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing have shown that chronic alcohol consumption leads to enteric dysbiosis, involving qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiome that consequently leads to the development of liver disease. Although these studies using 16S rRNA gene sequencing provided information regarding bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy, they did not reveal the functional potential of the microbiota and lacked the resolution of species or strain level."}
+{"id": "064766", "text": "2/the volume of the nasal cavity evaluated with acoustic rhinometry and"}
+{"id": "064784", "text": "Chu and colleagues stated that further research is required to ascertain if subtotal splenectomy can improve the immune function of the residual spleen in patients with cirrhotic splenomegaly. In the present study, the total lymphocyte count and the percentages of B lymphocytes, NK cells, and total T lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral blood in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension before surgery were significantly lower than those of the control group. The reduction in the number of lymphocytes and their subgroups suggested an immunocompromised status of these patients, with consequent impairment of liver function or aggravations of the existing liver dysfunction. Thrombopoietin production by hepatocytes is reduced as a result and ultimately can lead to a decrease in platelet counts in the peripheral circulation. The compromised or disordered immune functional status can also lead to the production of autoantibodies to blood cells, resulting in accelerated blood cells destruction. The numbers of these cells and their subsets increase significantly to normal or above-normal levels after total splenectomy, which is similar to the relative increase in the number of T lymphocytes after splenectomy as reported by Graffner and coworkers. The explanation for this phenomenon is likely to be related to hypersplenism as hypersplenism can result in decrease in WBCs, RBCs, and platelets in peripheral blood. Lymphocytes are a type of WBC, and any decrease in WBC count leads to a decrease in lymphocytes and their subsets. Increase in WBC count after total splenectomy with increase in lymphocytes and their subsets, result in an improved immune functional status."}
+{"id": "064811", "text": "Even preclinical and clinical evidence on prebiotic supplementation based on GOS have provided interesting results respectively in terms of induced an increase in the expression of BDNF mRNA at the hippocampal level and improvement of anxious and depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances. For these reasons and because the reduction of various butyrate-producing bacteria is probably involved in the reduction of BDNF expression at the hippocampal level [63], it seems useful to suggest future research to further evaluate the possibility of implementing BD patients’ treatment response through prebiotics."}
+{"id": "064958", "text": "The mechanisms underlying the possible independent association between NAFLD and cardio-metabolic disorders have not been fully elucidated yet. In the last decade the link between these two conditions has been a hot topic in basic and clinical research."}
+{"id": "065026", "text": "As a future line of research, it would be very useful to study the new diagnostic tests and to compare them with intestinal biopsy, which is the diagnostic tool for its accuracy. In turn, psychological analyses in this type of patient should be part of more studies, since they show the patient from another very useful perspective so that health personnel can avoid treatment failure."}
+{"id": "065142", "text": "The absolute iodine concentration was compared between healthy liver parenchyma and liver parenchyma affected by hepatic steatosis."}
+{"id": "065181", "text": "Enteral nutrition has come a long way since it was initially trialled in the 1970s. Multiple studies in multiple forms have reinforced the fact that given exclusively, polymeric enteral nutrition is an effective and safe option to induce remission in acute CD patients, especially children. A full understanding of the mechanism of action remains at best sketchy. There are direct anti-inflammatory effects on the gut epithelium, favourably altering the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and probably modifying the gut microbiota. EEN has also been found to be effective in postoperative setting. There is some debate regarding the efficacy of enteral nutrition in relation to disease location but at the least disease location may not be as critical as was once thought. A recent area of interest is the role of partial enteral nutrition in maintaining remission, for which there is some supportive evidence. Further research will no doubt further clarify additional roles and functions for enteral nutrition, but it is now indisputable that enteral nutrition can be safely used to induce clinical remission with an efficacy approaching that of steroids minus the adverse effects. The biggest single barrier to the success of enteral feeds lies in their poor palatability."}
+{"id": "065255", "text": "Limitations of our study included that we assessed practical, bedside surrogate measures of body fat and did not use radiologic methods to confirm the degree of adiposity. Measurement of waist circumference and WHR can vary according to the protocol followed and be subject to errors. However, in a systematic review, Ross et al found that variation in the waist circumference measurement protocol did not influence its risk predictive ability. In addition, reproducibility of waist circumference measurements has been found to be high even when 4 common anatomic sites were used. Although waist circumference and WHR are considered crude estimates of adiposity, a previous study on 789 individuals concluded that waist circumference was the best measure of abdominal visceral adiposity assessed by computed tomography compared with BMI, body fat percentage, and WHR. Our study did not involve an assessment of metabolic syndrome or cardiorespiratory fitness because we only intended to compare the 3 anthropometric indices. Previous studies on abdominal surgery have shown higher rates of superficial and deep wound SSIs but not organ or space SSIs among patients with higher BMI. Although our findings support an increased risk of SSI with obesity, we did not explore the types of SSI. Waist circumference was observed to have the highest OR and largest AUC; however, the absolute differences over other adiposity measures were small. In addition, the reduced variance of BMI in our study population may have inhibited detection of associations that may be observed in populations with greater variance. We recommend further large-scale prospective studies to investigate the association of adiposity measures with other individual adverse outcomes."}
+{"id": "065264", "text": "GM analysis revealed that Sal could reverse HFD-induced dysbacteriosis by promoting the abundance of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, and decreasing the growth of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterita. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that Sal decreased TGs (TG18:2/18:2/20:4, TG16:0/18:2/22:6), DGs (DG14:0/22:6, DG22:6/22:6), CL (18:2/ 18:1/18:1/20:0), and increased ceramides (Cers; Cer d16:0/21:0, Cer d16:1/24:1), (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs; OAHFA18:0/14:0) in the feces of rats. Spearman’s correlation analysis further indicated that TGs, DGs, and CL were negatively related to the abundance of Facklamia and Dubosiella, and positively correlated with Blautia and Quinella, while OAHFAs and Cers were the opposite."}
+{"id": "065405", "text": "Conclusions: These results provide the rationale for a new approach to improve MSC therapy for T1DM by altering the gut microbiota."}
+{"id": "065439", "text": "Recently, the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic diseases has attracted attention from the scholarly community because intestinal flora has been confirmed as a target for the prevention and treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (21). Therefore, it is important to investigate how ATX prevents the development of hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress with the risk of metabolic disease. The present study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring the prevention effects on obesity and the development of NAFLD through long-term dietary ATX in mice."}
+{"id": "065500", "text": "Four percent of biopsy confirmed celiac patients initially had a negative biopsy, but later developed histopathologic celiac disease. This is likely an underestimate as no surveillance algorithm was in place. We recommend repeat assessment in children whose serology suggests celiac disease despite normal small bowel biopsy."}
+{"id": "065604", "text": "The diagnosis of NAFLD is usually made by mild elevations in liver tests during a routine blood testing and liver ultrasonography in an overweight or obese child. Although liver ultrasonography can estimate neither fibrosis nor inflammation, it has a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 93% for detecting histological steatosis (19). The most important limiting factor of our study was that the stage of NAFLD was not determined by liver biopsy. There is no option except biopsy for determining the spectrum of disease in a patient with liver steatosis determined by ultrasonography and mildly elevated liver enzymes. However, liver biopsy was not performed in patients with NAFLD in our study as there is no proven therapy based on biopsy findings and because of its related cost and risk."}
+{"id": "065688", "text": "Anastomotic leakage rates are lower in women exposed to hormone replacement therapy before surgery for colorectal cancer, which might explain some of the difference in leak rates between men and women, especially regarding rectal cancer."}
+{"id": "065795", "text": "This was a single institutional prospective observational study of patients who had undergone rectal resection with the selective use of DS between May and October 2019. Fifteen patients had undergone CE and CT to assess for AL on postoperative day (POD) 7, and CT was performed just after CE. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the relationship between preoperative variables and the incidence of occult AL on POD 7."}
+{"id": "065837", "text": "The role of intestinal bacteria in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly acknowledged. Recently developed microbial profiling techniques are beginning to shed light on the nature of gut microbiota alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota composition changes that have been reported during different stages of human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and highlight the relation between bile acids and gut bacteria in this context. In addition, we discuss the different methodologies used in microbiota analyses as well as the interpretation of microbiota data. Whereas the currently available studies have provided useful information, future large-scale prospective studies with carefully phenotyped subjects and sequential sampling will be required to demonstrate a causal role of gut microbiota changes in the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease."}
+{"id": "065965", "text": "Significant elevation in AFP >300 ng/mL is highly suggestive of HCC especially in the setting of liver lesions.10 Given the diagnosis of HCC cannot be made based off an AFP value alone, further imaging with CT or MRI with contrast must be completed. If imaging does have characteristic features of HCC based on arterial phase hypervascularity and washout and underlying cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B, the diagnosis can be made without tissue biopsy.11, 12 As noted in this case, despite the significantly elevated AFP value and multifocal liver lesions, imaging was not suggestive of HCC and there was no evidence of underlying cirrhosis. Liver biopsy was then obtained in order to determine etiology of liver mass.13 Pathology was consistent with NET. While tumor makers are helpful in diagnosis of malignancy and monitoring treatment, it is crucial to keep a broad differential and obtain tissue to make a definitive diagnosis given the sensitivity and specificity of certain tumor markers.14"}
+{"id": "066026", "text": "Coeliac disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut with increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancy. Although enteropathy T-lymphoma is the most common neoplasm in patient affected by coeliac disease, an increased frequency of small bowel carcinoma has been described. We present a case of jejunal carcinoma in a patient suffering for coeliac disease in which gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms of disease developed although he was treated with a gluten-free diet."}
+{"id": "066051", "text": "Collectively, the effect of the numerous feed additives promoting health and growth response in pigs can be associated with the changes in the intestinal microbiota. Considering the microbiota modulation, the properties of the feed additives can be characterized by antimicrobial activity and by feeding selected microbiota. Therefore, the use of feed additives to modulate the microbiota at a specific level should consider the existing microbial community before nutritional interventions are put in place in order to promote a more precise response."}
+{"id": "066074", "text": "Our findings suggest that the aetiology of PSC is not associated with changes in bile microbial communities, but the genus Streptococcus may play a pathogenic role in the progression of the disease."}
+{"id": "066077", "text": "Cancer immunotherapy represents a new frontier in cancer therapies that have begun to show promise since their initial conceptualization. However, patient response rates continue to fluctuate for reasons that are not well understood but have been considered from multiple standpoints, including immune competency and diversity, differing antigen specificity and expression levels, and more recently the role played by the gut microbiota. An improvement in the efficacy of immunotherapies will likely involve a more personalized and multimodal approach that cannot only target specific antigens that are present on a patient's tumor but is supplemented with agents such as epigenetic inhibitors and microbiota enhancers to elicit a more robust response. Thus, the complexity of the immune system and factors contributing to its activity are not well characterized, and additional research will require transdisciplinary approaches."}
+{"id": "066135", "text": "Despite the fact that both models developed by different mechanisms, quite similar social behavioral abnormalities were noticed, additionally, our PM was able to reconstruct these behavioral phenomena just as they appear in the control rats. Regarding these consequences, it is suggested that in both models the protective effects of the probiotic treatment get exerted in the same way. A series of studies have described that SCFAs improve the gut health, regulate immune mechanisms and they may possess neuroactive properties. However, findings from ASD human studies on the associations among the three main SCFAs have proved to be divergent. At the same time, in rodent models, the administration of propionic acid could produce behavioral changes closely resembling those found in ASD, and in the VPA autism model changes of the SCFAs concentrations were also observed. In spite of all these, the analysis of the main SCFAs did not show significant differences between the VPA treated and the control animals, and, after the probiotic therapy, there were also no remarkable effects seen in the SCFAs productions. Nevertheless, it is clear that the antibiotics treatment itself significantly decreases the levels of all the examined SCFAs, referring to the highly decreased total amount of the microbiome in these animals. In spite of the fact that the PM considerably elevated the concentration of the SCFAs after the antibiotics treatment, we did not reveal extreme alterations among the groups after the end of the treatments. However, it is reasonable to suppose that the probiotic impact would be necessarily stronger after the antibiotics administration than in case of challenging the compact, untreated microbiome community. The present results undeniably indicate that the change of concentration of the main SCFAs cannot be the sole causal factor that determines how the PM exerts its positive impact on the social behavior."}
+{"id": "066142", "text": "To date, the factors associated with LVEF improvement remain unknown. The novelty of our study is that we demonstrated age and BMI as determinants of LVEF improvement by CPAP. The LVEF was more likely to improve in young patients with obesity after 1 month of CPAP therapy."}
+{"id": "066252", "text": "Concerning the resistance exercise on the plasma HDL and LDL concentrations, it should be noted that only the aerobic exercise has a significant impact on HDL and LDL so that the plasma LDL is decreased and on other hand, the plasma HDL is increased, but the resistance exercise has not affected the plasma HDL and LDL. Ineffectiveness of resistance exercise on plasma HDL and LDL concentrations is likely resulting from the insufficient exercise which in turn, is due to the subjects’ inability in using the necessary technique to move the weights."}
+{"id": "066275", "text": "Liver parenchyma can be transected before performing the ante situm step and cold perfusion of the liver. However, some surgeons prefer to perform parenchyma dissection ante situm as this is felt to be easier and may result in a lower blood loss. Noteworthy, that one should be aware of the risk of bleeding from livers transection plane after reperfusion."}
+{"id": "066404", "text": "Overall survival was defined as the time elapsed from the vaccine starting day until death or the date of the last news. In addition, overall survival from first line therapy was estimated."}
+{"id": "066444", "text": "The pathogenesis of CD involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors."}
+{"id": "066448", "text": "Information on the past episodes of gastrointestinal tract bleeding and the age of occurrence of particular symptoms associated with PH was recorded."}
+{"id": "066483", "text": "The patient presented with frequent passage of blood stained stool, abdominal pain and significant weight loss. The diagnosis was entertained after she was investigated for common causes of chronic diarrhea in our setting and the findings were negative. The patient symptoms abated after she was commenced on steroid therapy."}
+{"id": "066623", "text": "A proper light source is necessary for an accurate inspection. With palpation one can detect a nasal valve dysfunction, particularly with the Cottle test. The cheek of the evaluated side is gently pulled laterally with one or two fingers, which opens the valve. The examiner then asks the patient to breathe and then evaluates if breathing is subjectively better after pulling the cheek. A positive test result is when the patient feels less resistance with the valve opened. This test is easy and quick to perform, but has a high false positive result rate."}
+{"id": "066639", "text": "As a major water soluble component extracted from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae, Sal B was demonstrated to be an effective component in fracture healing. Sal B accelerated levels of ALP in the callus, which in turn likely promoted the healing process. Our findings support further investigation of Sal B in stimulating osteogenesis as a potential therapeutic strategy, not only in trauma fractures but also other bone diseases."}
+{"id": "066792", "text": "Conclusively, several pieces of evidence have demonstrated a promising role of lncRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in MS patients. However, studies in this area have just begun, and further research is required to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of MS."}
+{"id": "066959", "text": "Podoconiosis offers a disease context in which to evaluate genetics education efforts. Podoconiosis is a neglected tropical disease that occurs in tropical Africa, Central America and north India; the average prevalence within Ethiopia is 4%. Evidence to date suggests that walking barefoot in soil with high levels of silica particles leads to lymphatic inflammation among genetically susceptible families. Although podoconiosis is known to cluster within families in endemic areas, community members lack understanding of the joint role of environmental and hereditary influences."}
+{"id": "067052", "text": "The Methods section also describes a method for incorporating prior information regarding allele frequencies and for incorporating deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium when estimation allele frequencies."}
+{"id": "067100", "text": "Overview of tumor samples and predicted and validated fusion transcripts. A Number of samples that have RNA-Seq data with and without matched WGS data for validation of fusion transcripts. B Detected fusion transcripts per sample and cancer type after removing fusions flagged by FusionCatcher as likely false positives. C Distribution of the number of validated gene fusions per sample and cancer type. D Fraction of the validated fusion genes that had discordant read pairs and at least one determined genomic breakpoint. The three different types of kidney cancer were pooled for plotting"}
+{"id": "067136", "text": "The Persian Arabian horse originated in the southwestern part of Iran but currently is a geographically neighboring population to the Kurdish horse and one might suspect some admixture or ancestral relationship between these two populations, as also endorsed by the available historical information. Preliminary genetic studies suggested an immediate common ancestor between Kurdish and Persian Arabian populations [3]. In addition, as these breeds occupy overlapping geographical areas, the question has arisen as to whether they are distinct. Hence, the present research aimed to characterize the diversity of and relationships between these Persian breeds using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from Kurdish horses and Persian Arabians as well as data from the more distantly related American Thoroughbred. We hypothesized that the current population of Kurdish horses can be considered as a unique and homogeneous population distinct from Persian Arabian horses from the genomic standpoint."}
+{"id": "067138", "text": "The present study investigated the effect of RSG treatment 1 hour prior to postischemic reperfusion on HT and BBB disruption in stroke mice with tPA thrombolysis. We found that RSG reduced acute brain infarction and attenuated HT and BBB disruption in tPA‐treated mice 1 day after stroke. These protective effects of RSG are closely associated with microglia polarization toward the anti‐inflammatory phenotype, which may be mediated by activating PPAR‐γ. The current finding may pave the way to the development of adjuvant treatment with tPA thrombolysis after stroke in the pursuit of extending the therapeutic window of tPA."}
+{"id": "067156", "text": "A haplotypic block combining an Alu insertion polymorphism and four microsatellite markers on the human X chromosome is a useful marker to evaluate genetic diversity of human populations and provides a highly informative tool for evolutionary studies."}
+{"id": "067257", "text": "The purpose of this study was to investigate genetic features associated with laboratory AR in a cohort of patients with ischemic stroke taking aspirin as antiplatelet therapy to be used in pharmacogenetic testing. We have developed a biochip assay to identify 18 SNPs previously described as markers affecting AR. To establish the connection between the patients’ clinical data, genotype and laboratory response to aspirin treatment, we applied the multiple ML approaches."}
+{"id": "067331", "text": "In summary, the current study has developed a chemical approach for epigenetic modification detection using a selective 5fC labeling reagent. The PCR process was obstructed and the canonical base-pairing was disturbed by the labeled 5fC, which helps realize both content detection and single-base resolution analysis of 5fC. The specific gene segment with 5fC can be enriched to reduce the background noise after reagent labeling. To our knowledge, this is the first design of a multifunctional chemical reagent for analysis of 5fC. In general, our finding can serve as a potential method to provide high throughput analysis of 5fC across the genome for biological and medical studies and the principle of this method might be used for the detection of other DNA epigenetic modifications."}
+{"id": "067449", "text": "Our results show that a higher genetic diversity is prevalent in Swedish native cattle compared to commercial breeds despite the low population sizes. This is in agreement with several other studies of indigenous European breeds, which have adapted to harsh weather in the northern European regions. We predicted effects of the variants including SNPs and indels on protein coding regions and verified the potential effects on Mendelian traits like coat color. Because populations of many indigenous breeds are declining rapidly and that the variant discovery rate is significantly lower using the more common methods of large-scale genotyping, a more comprehensive WGS-based survey of genetic diversity is an urgent priority. Recording the genomic diversity and reconstructing the recent ancestry of the indigenous breeds are valuable to both the ongoing efforts of conservation of indigenous diversity and for imputation-based predictions of variant effects towards improving genomic selection programs."}
+{"id": "067451", "text": "Finally, percent methylation results for the Yukisma site samples were independently verified at the Kemp Lab of Molecular Anthropology and aDNA at Washington State University. Ancient DNA was extracted from samples of the same five individuals [28] and bisulfite converted following the protocols described above. PCR products were sent to the University of Texas at Austin DNA Sequencing Facility for pyrosequencing and CpG analysis."}
+{"id": "067504", "text": "We observed more hemorrhagic strokes then European and less then Asian populations. Thalamic and basal ganglionic localizations were most prevalent regions of hemorrhage in ICH. HT was the most prevalent risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke. Among ischemic strokes PACI was the most frequent localization and CE the most frequent etiology after UC. The most prevalent risk factor for ischemic stroke was HT followed by dyslipidemia and CAD. We observed higher percent of intensive care need for stroke then Europe. HT, CAD history and AF were risk factors for recurrent stroke. With higher hemorrhagic stroke rate and ischemic stroke subtype profile we can state that Agrı city stroke burden was between Europe and Asia but resembles more to the Asian population than European."}
+{"id": "067539", "text": "Extensive work in recent years has uncovered some of the molecular mechanisms which control chromatin regulation and disease conditions arising from epigenetic mis-regulation. The conserved nature of chromatin domains and the regulatory mechanisms controlling their establishment and maintenance would suggest that changes to chromatin landscape would lead to dramatic changes in gene expression. However, for the most part, this has not been the case, suggesting that in an epigenetic context, overlapping layers of modifications regulate transcription. Although our understanding of chromatin biology has vastly advanced in recent years with chromatin conformation capture technologies, much remains unclear about what the functional role is of these domains in regulating enhancer accessibility or enabling/repressing transcription. In adult disease conditions, epigenetic changes play a more complex role with a large variability of phenotypes between patients, further confounding the analysis of causative factors. Alterations to epigenetic factors that correlate with disease suggest that these aberrant proteins undergo changes in subunit function and lack biological redundancies. Interestingly, cardiomyopathy phenotypes in human patients appear to be sensitive to these epigenetic aberrations, suggesting specificity in both tissue and type of epigenetic factor expressed during heart development. Refining our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms at play in cardiac development is required to parse out these phenotypes."}
+{"id": "067677", "text": "We found unanticipated population structure of grayling clustering into three groups largely corresponding to the northern, Baltic and south-eastern geographic areas of Finland using 13 microsatellite loci. We also found a high level of genetic differentiation among the groups and moderate to high differentiation within the groups. This combined with low variability strongly indicates that genetic drift and limited migration have a major impact on grayling population structure. An allele size permutation test indicated that mutations at microsatellite loci have not significantly contributed to genetic differentiation among the three Finnish groups. However, at the European scale, mutations had significantly contributed to population differentiation."}
+{"id": "067755", "text": "The KLF5 gene is present primarily in epidermal keratinocytes that do not express SOX9, which is primarily expressed in the hair bulge.58 The KLF5 gene functions as a regulator of epidermal stem cells, while SOX9 is a primary regulator of hair follicle stem cells. More specifically, KLF5 and SOX9 expression demarcate epidermal and hair follicle differentiation, respectively. Coexpression is induced transiently during wound healing as stem cell populations are activated for repair, and induced expression of KLF5 downregulates SOX9 expression. Disruption of homeostasis in these expression patterns may explain the formation of chronic wounds such as inflammatory tunnels and ulcers in HS, as well as cysts and epithelialized tunnels that lack typical differentiation toward hair follicles or epidermis."}
+{"id": "067807", "text": "The burden of morbidity and mortality associated with cerebral oedema and elevated ICP, combined with and the inadequacy of current treatment interventions, emphasises that new treatment approaches are urgently required. It is clear that what all of the current treatments for cerebral oedema and elevated ICP have in common is that they do not target the underlying injury mechanisms which lead to increased BBB permeability and subsequent development of cerebral oedema and elevated ICP. There are currently no approved targeted treatments that interfere with these key injury processes to halt or reduce the evolution of BBB dysfunction and cerebral oedema following acute CNS injury. Indeed, to develop more effective treatments, it is essential to elucidate the processes underlying BBB disruption following acute CNS injury to allow the underlying mechanisms of cerebral oedema genesis to be targeted. Such an approach has the potential to markedly improve patient survival and outcome given that it is directly targeting the injury mechanisms and not just simply treating the symptoms of cerebral oedema and elevated ICP. Indeed, neurogenic inflammation, specifically the release of neuropeptides such as substance P (SP), has recently been shown to be involved in BBB permeability changes and development of cerebral oedema following acute CNS injury. Thus, directly targeting neurogenic inflammation in acute CNS injury may be a novel treatment strategy to reduce BBB permeability and in turn reduce the development of complications such as cerebral oedema and elevated ICP. Such an approach may provide enhanced treatment efficacy and duration compared with current treatment approaches."}
+{"id": "067896", "text": "As the volume and diversity of data and the desire to share those data increase, we inevitably encounter the problem of combining heterogeneous data generated from many different but related sources and providing the users with a unified view of this combined data set. This problem emerges in the life sciences research community, where research data from different bioinformatics data repositories and laboratories need to be combined and analyzed. The benefit of developing a data integration system is that it can facilitate information access and reuse by providing a common access point. It also provides users with more complete view of the available information."}
+{"id": "068020", "text": "We here considered whether the phylogeographic information provided by mtDNA could be used to identify the origins, or improve the geographic assignment, of African elephants or their ivory. We sequenced and analyzed more than 4 kb of mtDNA sequences from 653 African elephants, including forest and savanna elephants, grouped into 22 locations from 13 countries. We also combined our control region sequences with those of other trans-national studies for a comprehensive phylogeographic analysis of the distribution of control region haplotypes of elephants from 81 localities across 22 countries in Africa. We found a high degree of support for the presence of eight distinctive subclades of mtDNA; determined the distribution of each subclade regionally across Africa; found that many mtDNA haplotypes of African elephants were country specific or even detected at only a single locality; and found that in a majority of cases where nuclear microsatellite alleles would mis-assign the origins of an elephant or its ivory, mtDNA could have contributed to a correct assignment. Thus, mtDNA appeared to be highly informative for establishing the provenance of elephants or their ivory. We considered whether a combination of mtDNA and nuclear markers would enhance the effectiveness of genetic assignment methods if applied to other species, in which low female and high male dispersal has led to distinct evolutionary trajectories for mitochondrial and nuclear markers."}
+{"id": "068051", "text": "The high mtDNA diversity observed in modern domestic horses reflects the preservation of diverse wild ancestral maternal lineages. In contrast, most ancient MSY variation was lost and the low MSY variation in modern domestic horses mirrors a very recent origin of extant sire lines. Knowledge of the exact timing and location of the emergence of the predominant MSY lineages would allow identification of the corresponding human cultures and improve our understanding of the human-horse history."}
+{"id": "068059", "text": "This experiment demonstrated that technical variability is much smaller than biological variation when using the standard protocol. The number of differences between samples from the same animal that resulted from using the lower amount of starting material was much smaller than the biological variation between animals treated the same and labeled by the standard protocol. The standard protocol worked well with samples as small as 2 μg, producing results very similar to those of the 10 μg sample from the same animal. Although in this experiment, starting with less than 1 μg of total RNA did not produce enough biotinylated cRNA for hybridization under the normal protocol, a minor change (using vacuum evaporation to concentrate samples before cRNA synthesis, and mixing the minimum 200 μl hybridization volume) should allow use of 1 μg samples with the standard protocol. This extends the range of samples that can readily be analyzed on Affymetrix GeneChips® using the standard protocol."}
+{"id": "068127", "text": "In sum, one of the most interesting aspects of the present work is that a single enhancer can regulate the expression of a key developmental signaling gene such as Bmp4 in craniofacial, limb and potentially lateral plate mesoderm tissues. This result furthers the view that while the fine details of gene regulatory networks may differ from case to case, the central features of these regulatory circuits are conserved, not only in evolution, but also in multiple developmental contexts within an organism."}
+{"id": "068139", "text": "The regulation of the genes by lncRNAs can be both Cis and Trans-regulation. Cis regulation is where the gene and lncRNA regulating it were on same chromosome and while in Trans-regulation, the gene and lncRNA were on different chromosome. The chromosomal localization of the DEGs and the lncRNAs interacting with them was used to find the type of regulation between them."}
+{"id": "068281", "text": "Given our studied genes belong to the same pathway they might have few instruments affecting more than one exposure and the use of MVMR allows us to control for vertical pleiotropy."}
+{"id": "068323", "text": "Leprosy remains a major stigmatizing condition. Stigma is a dynamic process resulting from the interaction between physical attributes caused by leprosy and the existing stereotypes in a community. Leprosy has pervasive impacts on all areas of life including psychosocial burden to an individual, social interaction, marriage, and employment. These impacts vary and are largely dependent on a particular culture and community. The main objective of this study was to explore the perceived stigma of leprosy amongst community members and health care providers in Lalitpur district of Nepal."}
+{"id": "068382", "text": "During pregnancy, early anabolism increases and mild insulin resistance occurs. When insulin secretion fails to balance insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance develops, which might subsequently lead to GDM. Therefore, impaired secretion by β cells is also a key factor in GDM pathogenesis. Here, we explored the pathogenesis of GDM from an epigenetic perspective and identified 13 CpG sites that had methylation levels showing associations with GDM pathogenesis. Furthermore, conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the methylation status of four CpG sites located in the promoter regions of four genes was associated with GDM pathogenesis. These CpG sites are located in genes that could contribute to the development of GDM. Of these four CpG sites, hypermethylation of CpG site 24837915 and CpG site 68167324 was shown to be associated with GDM, whereas that of CpG site 89438648 and CpG site 157130156 could indicate reduced risk of GDM. Thus, the methylation status of these genes may function as predictors of GDM. No publications reporting on the relationship between methylation of these four CpG sites and GDM have been found, so our suggestion of such a relationship is based on the known modes of action of the genes concerned."}
+{"id": "068436", "text": "The prevalence of obesity in adults and children has increased globally at an alarming rate. Mounting evidence from both epidemiological studies and animal models indicates that adult obesity and associated metabolic disorders can be programmed by intrauterine and early postnatal environment- a phenomenon known as “fetal programming of adult disease.” Data from nutritional intervention studies in animals including maternal under- and over-nutrition support the developmental origins of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The hypothalamic neuronal circuits located in the arcuate nucleus controlling appetite and energy expenditure are set early in life and are perturbed by maternal nutritional insults. In this review, we focus on the effects of maternal nutrition in programming permanent changes in these hypothalamic circuits, with experimental evidence from animal models of maternal under- and over-nutrition. We discuss the epigenetic modifications which regulate hypothalamic gene expression as potential molecular mechanisms linking maternal diet during pregnancy to the offspring's risk of obesity at a later age. Understanding these mechanisms in key metabolic genes may provide insights into the development of preventative intervention strategies."}
+{"id": "068457", "text": "During poststroke BBB recovery, we detected 9818 differentially methylated regions"}
+{"id": "068655", "text": "This stand-alone genetics resource within the Open Targets ecosystem complements the existing Open Targets Platform and provides underlying genetic evidence to aid drug target identification and prioritisation."}
+{"id": "068781", "text": "For instance, it has been observed that the lncRNA GAS5 is significantly upregulated in the microglia of MS patients (Sun et al., 2017). GAS5 inhibits the polarization of M2 microglia while promoting the polarization of the M1 subtype. The predominance of M1 and the scarcity of M2 microglia are key pathological features of MS (Sun et al., 2017). M1-polarized microglia contribute to neuronal apoptosis and inhibit the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors into mature oligodendrocytes. In contrast, M2-polarized microglia support neuronal survival, dendritic growth, and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors, suggesting their role in remyelination and neural repair at MS lesions"}
+{"id": "068864", "text": "The dendogram of cluster analysis of individuals clearly illustrated population structure of the tested varieties. It showed the presence of subpopulations in Banat and Ghareh and different levels of similarity between them. It also showed that varieties Pecy and RSI 20 are more uniform, forming tight, clearly defined clusters. As the estimates of genetic diversity indicated, variety Zuzana showed very high level of variation. The obtained results are in accordance with breeding history of the analyzed varieties: Zuzana is old, very adaptable synthetic variety developed by crossing large number of parents, Banat and Ghareh were developed mainly by collecting local germplasm with a certain level of uniformity in yield and morphological traits, while Pecy and RSI 20 resulted from intensive breeding programs."}
+{"id": "068926", "text": "But even when leaving inter-individual variability aside and focusing on just one reference sequence, we expect general patterns that allow separating migrants from non-migratory species of suggested candidate genes for migration to show up if they were in fact under parallel selection. Our results do not support this hypothesis and thus highlight limitations and question the usefulness of a candidate gene approach in the context of understanding migratory behaviour. Consequently, we call for caution and highlight the limitation of candidate gene approaches in macro-evolutionary contexts, as in most cases functionality cannot be easily inferred. Also, most candidate gene studies do not allow for a clear distinction from genetic drift, come with uncertainty about the amount of loci involved in the trait and do not allow controlling for possible effect of linkage disequilibrium. Our study further points out how this approach can erroneously simplify a highly complex phenotype that most probably is a multilocus trait."}
+{"id": "069034", "text": "In addition to the above pathways in which peripheral inflammation affects the BBB, it is demonstrated that morphological changes may not necessarily occur when peripheral inflammation impacts BBB integrity. For instance, TJs may remain intact during inflammation while the functional integrity of the BBB is impaired."}
+{"id": "069152", "text": "Our analysis with multi-omics data in a linear regression interaction model in comparison to single omics data in KST and linear regression framework emphasizes that careful integration of multi-omics data might enable researchers to explain a greater proportion of the variance in complex traits, even in small samples. Consequently, it would seem highly warranted to extend kernels to incorporate multiple types of omics data."}
+{"id": "069221", "text": "Urolithiasis negatively impacts quality of life and having more stone episodes worsens quality of life. Certain factors such as chronic medical illnesses and being a primary caregiver for children are associated with lower quality of life. Medical therapy for stones may improve quality of life and should be considered in those with urolithiasis."}
+{"id": "069256", "text": "DNA methylation heterogeneity should therefore either stem from cell-to-cell variability in the process of global de novo methylation between E4.5 and E6.5, oscillatory DNA methylation turnover, or a combination of both. To distinguish these possibilities in the sequencing data biophysical modeling was employed to study the shape of distribution of global DNA methylation levels across cells over time. The first step of the analysis focused on a single cell which undergoes global de novo methylation. As global DNA methylation levels are typically calculated as an average over thousands of local genomic elements, cell-to-cell variability in these averages resulting from the stochastic nature of biochemical reactions is negligible compared to variations in the onset and rates of de novo methylation. It was assumed that the average level of DNA methylation in a given set of loci follows a sigmoidal form. Measuring time in units of the inverse global rate of de novo methylation and methylation levels in units of their saturation levels during later stages of development, the average global methylation level in a given set of genomic regions was parametrized as"}
+{"id": "069457", "text": "Although there are several GO terms/trends found overlapping between the individual proteomics and transcriptomics results, they seem to be highlighting some general terms for the angiogenic tumors. For the invasive phenotype there is more consistency in GO terms overlapping between proteomics and microarray results and the highlighted consensus trends of Table 1, than for the angiogenic type."}
+{"id": "069516", "text": "We used R ggplot2 to represent genetic intra and interspecific distances. Species boundaries were verified by comparing the maximum intraspecific distance and the distance to the nearest phylogenetic neighbour in the data set. The software DNAsp was used to calculate the number of haplotypes per species and the values of haplotype diversity when applicable (Table S4)."}
+{"id": "069663", "text": "Our study showed that Y-STR polymorphisms were a powerful discrimination tool for routine forensic applications and could be used in genealogical investigations."}
+{"id": "069929", "text": "The non‐invasive nature of plasma and urine may permit more regular and less restrictive monitoring for GBM patients than CSF sampling. While the role of liquid biopsy for diagnosis has been the focus of much attention, both of the methods presented may provide utility in the follow‐up setting in combination with imaging."}
+{"id": "070000", "text": "The CSCD database collected 228 RNA-seq samples from cancer and normal cell lines and identified 272152 cancer-specific circRNAs. The CSCD database can predict the miRNA response element sites and RBP sites of each circRNA and predict the potential open reading frames to facilitate the exploration of translatable circRNAs. Additionally, the CSCD database predicts the splicing events of each linear transcript and can also predict the splicing events of each circRNA, which can help us better understanding the connection between linear splicing and back-splicing 138."}
+{"id": "070016", "text": "DNA methylation at a gene promoter region has the potential to regulate gene transcription. Patterns of methylation over multiple CpG sites in a region are often complex and cell type specific, with the region showing multiple allelic patterns in a sample. This complexity is commonly obscured when DNA methylation data is summarised as an average percentage value for each CpG site (or aggregated across CpG sites). True representation of methylation patterns can only be fully characterised by clonal analysis. Deep sequencing provides the ability to investigate clonal DNA methylation patterns in unprecedented detail and scale, enabling the proper characterisation of the heterogeneity of methylation patterns. However, the sheer amount and complexity of sequencing data requires new synoptic approaches to visualise the distribution of allelic patterns."}
+{"id": "070083", "text": "Multiple studies have observed associations between differential DNA methylation at CpG sites across the genome and exposure to cigarette smoke. However, little has been done to establish biological mechanisms that could link cigarette smoking to epigenetic regulation and ultimately to risk of myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms behind these events is important when attempting to improve risk stratification and for therapy development. With a focus on DNA hypomethylation at F2RL3, we have triangulated evidence from independent sources and scientific disciplines to test the hypothesis that epigenetic DNA hypomethylation at F2RL3 associated with smoking increases risk of pathological thrombosis via a PAR4-induced increase in platelet reactivity."}
+{"id": "070194", "text": "As described above, growing evidence demonstrates that circRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Further efforts are needed to uncover the regulatory roles of circRNAs and their contribution in the underlying mechanisms of AD pathology."}
+{"id": "070197", "text": "We observed a strong over-representation of trans mQTL SNP in the 1 Mbp subtelomeric region of the genome, as had been previously noted. No association of the trans mQTL SNP or methylation probes was found with telomere length in the LBC1936 cohort. The trans mQTLs were significantly inflated for methylation probes found in the upstream regions of genes, indicating a potential effect on the regulation of gene-expression. However, there was no overlap with trans eQTLs identified in the BSGS. The mechanism and potential importance of subtelomeric regions in altering DNA methylation throughout the genome warrants further investigation and at this stage artefacts of the technology cannot be excluded."}
+{"id": "070321", "text": "A common hypothesis for the missing heritability in genome-wide association studies is that rare genetic variation may account for a substantial portion of the missing heritability. Several highly inter-related difficulties exist in identifying rare genetic variants associated with disease, including the prohibitive cost of sequencing a large number of individuals and obstacles in association testing. Accordingly, several experts on rare variant analysis presented novel researches on statistical design and analysis strategies for overcoming these challenges."}
+{"id": "070334", "text": "In conclusion, we found that the pivotal E670G polymorphism, tagging an important haplotype of the PCSK9 gene associates specifically with the risk of LVA stroke subtype, and tended to have a gene dose effect on the severity of atherosclerosis of the large intracranial arteries forming the circle of Willis. Based on earlier observations on the major effect of sequence variation of PCSK9 gene on plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations and coronary heart disease risk and the result of the current study, PCSK9 seems to be an interesting new target molecule for the development of new antiatherogenic therapies."}
+{"id": "070399", "text": "DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic marks that regulate gene expression. Alterations in DNA methylation are commonly observed in various cancer types and a well-known signature of the cancer genome is global hypomethylation accompanied by promoter hypermethylation of some tumor suppressor genes. Some genes in tumors showed distinct hypomethylation compared to normal cells and cancer progenitor cells with such DNA methylation alterations may help to predict cancer risks. Global hypomethylation has been proposed as a mechanism driving chromosomal instability and elevated mutation rates and hypermethylation caused gene suppression, such as HAND2, is suggested to contribute to cancer development; hence DNA methylation abnormalities have been considered to play a causal role in tumorigenesis."}
+{"id": "070679", "text": "The widespread provision of rapid diagnostic tests to facilitate the diagnosis or prognosis of multibacillary leprosy could impact on leprosy control programs by aiding early detection, directing appropriate treatment and potentially interrupting Mycobacterium leprae transmission."}
+{"id": "070751", "text": "CSMinfinder runs in time proportional to the size of the genome, and it can process vertebrate genomes in feasible amounts of time. Although we applied CSMinfinder specifically to K27HMD, it can be used for the detection of regions with other types of epigenetic combinations by defining the vector of focal epigenetic states appropriately."}
+{"id": "070816", "text": "It has just been recently that homozygous mutations of the ACER3 gene were found as a culprit for a new form of progressive leukoencephalopathy and established a framework for the clinical window of patients harboring variants in this gene [10, 11]. Having said that, the accumulation of more clinical and genotyping data related to this gene not only could provide a better understanding of the associated phenotypes in the clinical section but helps to provide insights into the genotype-phenotype correlation of ACER3."}
+{"id": "070820", "text": "Classic quantitative methylation analyses only consider percentages of methylation by characterizing each CpG site in a region, thus flattening the information on local conformation heterogeneity carried in the pool of analyzed amplicons. These kinds of approaches unavoidably mask the intrinsic complexity of the local methylation patterns in each cell of an analyzed sample. Epihaplotype based approaches, on the other hand, offer the possibility to study the methylation state of a sample from a complementary point of view, namely by considering the methylation conformation of each single molecule in the pool of analyzed cells."}
+{"id": "071013", "text": "The strength of studying drug naïve/minimally medicated BD patients with no other medical and psychiatric comorbidities and clearly defined sociodemographic variables is that the potential confounding influence of medication and other diseases on the patient’s overall proteome is eliminated/minimized and, therefore, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of which differentially expressed proteins are related with the disorder. Accordingly, the definition of standardized sociodemographic, clinical and cognitive variables across the studied groups would lead to more objective and specific studies allowing a more comprehensive understanding of BD pathophysiology and, consequently, increasing the possibility of identifying specific biomarkers of BD. The study of medicated BD groups with the same standardized conditions will also be important to evaluate and define more accurate psychopharmacological treatment specific to each individual or individuals with specific characteristics."}
+{"id": "071092", "text": "lncRNAs could also potentially function as biomarkers to predict the risk to develop metastasis in patients with cancer. lncRNAs can be used as indexes to control the progression from primary to metastatic disease and, consequently, can be regarded as both diagnostics tools and therapeutic targets of different types of cancers."}
+{"id": "071202", "text": "Due to the strict maternal inheritance of mtDNA, male patients harbouring a pathogenic mtDNA variant can be reassured that they are not at risk of transmitting the variant to their offspring. Genetic counselling in female patients is often challenging due to the complexities of mtDNA variant transmission resulting from the effect of mtDNA bottleneck during oogenesis and prediction of disease risk. Available reproductive options may also differ depending on the pathogenic variant involved and the variant level. It is recommended that advice is offered by clinical genetics clinics or specialised mitochondrial services where all available reproductive options can be evaluated. In addition, it is recommended that wherever possible, such counselling starts early in a woman’s reproductive life as options can become limited with advanced age and decline in ovarian reserve [36]. The European Neuro Muscular Centre (ENMC) international workshops have been valuable in developing guidelines for the management of reproductive options in mitochondrial disease which may be of interest to those wishing to explore this further [37]."}
+{"id": "071244", "text": "Identification of a group of pairs or sets of group-spawning individuals that are optimal for conservation of genetic variation can be time-consuming and difficult. Manually finding the best of them is problematic because of the complexity of the calculations and the huge number of potential pair variants or set compositions. For this reason, bioinformatic tools can be very helpful. Genassemblage 2.0 is a versatile tool for artificial breeding of conserved species such as the lake minnow. It can be used to identify the best breeding set for either individual or group breeding. This is merely an example of how the software works (although the number of markers should be high enough to track genetic differences both within and between lake minnow populations). If any molecular marker is polymorphic and inherited according to Mendelian laws, and numbers can be assigned its their alleles, then it can be used. Genassemblage software does not have a limit at the number of molecular markers that can be used. In this study, we used the polymorphism of microsatellite fragments as a marker of genetic differences between individuals. Markers other than microsatellite fragments such as single nucleotide polymorphism can be used, if numerical values are assigned to their alleles."}
+{"id": "071285", "text": "In this study, we identified methylation level of the promoter regions of OPN and integrin β3 and the expression of OPN and integrin β3 in varicosity. The methylation status negatively correlated with OPN and integrin β3 expression, which may be one of the reasons for the abnormal VSMCs phenotype switching and play an important role in the pathogenesis of varicosity. Because epigenetic mechanisms are reversible, DNA hypermethylation is expected to provide a new therapy for varicosity. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to elucidate the role and functions of DNA hypermethylation of OPN and integrin β3 in varicosity."}
+{"id": "071293", "text": "lncRNAs and miRNAs interact with one other in the development of CC via the following mechanisms."}
+{"id": "071395", "text": "The information obtained can be applied in particular to the management of coastal areas; one important action could be to increase monitoring control with the use of traps and other early warning tools in order to limit either multiple reintroductions of the same species or new introductions of exotic organisms."}
+{"id": "071416", "text": "This case demonstrates ChrY can be used as a marker to avoid sex discrepancies in certain patients with organ transplants."}
+{"id": "071571", "text": "Finally, limited research has been conducted on genetic associations with stroke-related outcomes. We constructed polygenic prediction models for stroke recurrence and poor functional outcomes, which may potentially aid clinicians to determine individual patient risks. Notably, the predicted probability of stroke recurrence and poor functional outcomes tended to be high in particular subpopulations. Most previous studies used selected biomarkers and genetic variants to predict risk of ischemic stroke in the AIS population.43,44 A recent study demonstrated that genetic risk scores were predictive of ischemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in patients with cardiometabolic disease.45 Our results highlight the benefits of using SNP profiling panels for risk stratification in patients with NCIS."}
+{"id": "071638", "text": "Meloidogyne chitwoodi commonly known as Columbia root-knot nematode or CRKN is one of the most devastating pests of potato in the Pacific Northwest of the United States of America. In addition to the roots, it infects potato tubers causing internal as well as external defects, thereby reducing the market value of the crop. Commercial potato varieties with CRKN resistance are currently unavailable. Race specific resistance to CRKN has been introgressed from the wild, diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum into the tetraploid advanced selection PA99N82–4 but there is limited knowledge about the nature of its resistance mechanism. In the present study, we performed histological and differential gene expression profiling to understand the mode of action of introgressed CRKN resistance in PA99N82–4 in comparison to the CRKN susceptible variety Russet Burbank."}
+{"id": "071802", "text": "DNA methylation profiles of DCIS were radically changed compared with normal breast tissue while the changes between DCIS and IBC were comparably modest. A DNA methylation-based prognostic signature was reported that has potential in patients both with invasive breast cancer and with in situ carcinoma. Correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression was observed in a substantial part of the genome, and both positive and negative correlations were observed."}
+{"id": "071830", "text": "Sequence alignment and subsequent analysis were performed using the rat genome as a reference. Clean reads were sequentially aligned with the rat genome to obtain the location in the rat genome or gene, as well as the characteristic information about the sequence that was unique to the sample."}
+{"id": "071831", "text": "Many investigators inferred that if facial shape is genetically determined and also related to predisposing the cleft anomaly, the parents of children with cleft lip/palate should have facial dimensions different from those of general population."}
+{"id": "071851", "text": "In this study, we explore the presence of an amplification bias created in fragments that retain higher GC content after sodium-bisulfite treatment with unmethylated sequences and with genomic DNA sequences. A strong positive correlation between DNA methylation levels and normalized read counts are observed in the WGBS data. Investigation of three different commercially available uracil-insensitive enzymes reveal differences in amplification bias of highly methylated and high GC content DNA sequences."}
+{"id": "071904", "text": "Although the genetic diversity of the B. orientalis population in Beijing was lower than that in Shandong Province, it is still at a normal level which could maintain the survival of the introduced population. A significant genetic differentiation has been formed between the two populations, as the geographic distance between the two populations is great and there are no chances of natural gene exchange between the two populations; therefore, we suggest that the Beijing population should be regarded as a separate management unit, and currently there is no need to reintroduce new animals to improve the genetic diversity of the populations in the Beijing area. This is due to the fact that aimless reintroduction can affect the genetic structure of the local population and lead to genetic drawbacks through crossbreeding. Originating from a small artificially introduced population, the B. orientalis in the Beijing region have maintained a moderate genetic diversity after 90 years of independent evolution, indicating that this species has a high capacity for survival and adaptation."}
+{"id": "071934", "text": "The appropriate alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of nephrolithiasis. In contrast, obesity was a positive predictive factor for a higher risk of nephrolithiasis. Clinicians need to consider the possible impacts of alcohol consumption and obesity for prevention and management of nephrolithiasis."}
+{"id": "072000", "text": "The aim of this study was to investigate if the known genetic substructures could be identified within Finland and Sweden by using 34 unlinked autosomal SNPs originally designed for zygosity testing [18]. To compare two different kinds of marker sets and to gain further resolution of the population genetic structure within Finland, we genotyped 30 STRs on a subset of the Finnish samples. Based on the SNP data and by including spatial coordinates in the model-based Bayesian Geneland algorithm we were able to cluster individuals into groups that correspond to previously observed population structure. This demonstrates the benefit of including geographic coordinates to increase the power of inferring clusters in the presence of low genetic differentiation. By simple simulation studies, we also show the importance of estimating the size and effect of genotype errors when lower quality DNA is used."}
+{"id": "072055", "text": "These observations are impactful for the implementation of genome edits and the development of new tools to study CRISPR/Cas-mediated edits and CGI regulation mechanisms. Further, modifications to potential regulatory elements have implications for the application of these type genomic edits for gene therapies. Influencing the gene expression regulatory functions of CGI methylation patterns, introduction of exogenous donor DNA that could inadvertently methylate neighboring CGIs could affect gene expression regulation of the modified gene or surrounding genes. The ability to observe and direct changes in CGI methylation patterns using CRISPR/Cas9 components also provides the opportunity for molecular tool development. The observation of these CGI methylation changes represents one mechanism to detect applications of CRISPR technology to induce site-directed edits, leaving genomic scars that echo through generations orthogonal to naturally occurring methylation patterns. Further, leveraging the multiplexing abilities of CRISPR technology, modification of one or many CGIs in this manner provides a tool for tracking the functional influence of CGI disruptions within an animal and across generations in either a tissue-specific or systemic manner."}
+{"id": "072082", "text": "Over the last two decades we have observed a revolution in the genetics field, with the change from candidate gene studies to genome-wide association studies triggering a revolution in the research of complex diseases. The genome-wide era has resulted in the discovery of a multitude of genes and genetic variations associated with complex diseases such as stroke. Indeed, the results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proved to be very robust and to present high reproducibility rates among different laboratories and genetic platforms. This robustness has been a key point in the use of genetic data to understand the biological mechanisms of complex diseases and to find potential treatments or drug targets, or to answer clinical questions without needing to perform a clinical trial."}
+{"id": "072203", "text": "Large-scale pQTL studies looking at different metabolic states are rare. In the current study we addressed the question of how genetic variation contributes to protein level differences in obesity by performing proteome quantitative trait analyses and comprehensive genotyping in a large cohort of obese individuals before and after a weight loss intervention. We showed that one third of 192 proteins associated with BMI at baseline are regulated by common genetic variants. To our knowledge, this is the first pQTL analysis in obese subjects, following a dietary intervention. Previous studies focused on association between baseline protein levels and BMI in the general population. About a third of the pQTL signals were in trans, meaning that these pQTLs harbor potential regulators of the associated proteins. This number of distant pQTLs correlates well with recently published pQTL studies in humans and in mice. The pQTL analysis performed in mouse strains also confirmed that distant (trans-) pQTLs can identify causal intermediates or distant proteins regulating levels of the pQTL associated protein."}
+{"id": "072211", "text": "High-throughput proteomic technologies now provide the opportunity for large-scale hypothesis-free discovery of T2D plasma protein biomarkers and signatures, with specific technical and analytical challenges depending on the method used. Evidence for the predictive utility of novel protein biomarkers over and above established risk models is sparse, but larger prospective studies with improved analytical approaches are underway and anticipated to enable development of tailored risk assessment strategies for currently underdiagnosed subgroups. Integration of genomics and proteomics has the potential to provide technical validation, improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms linking genetic susceptibility to T2D, and prioritise causal pathways for intervention. Large population-based protein GWAS and validation of protein signals across diverse ancestries and proteomic platforms will be required to capitalise on the promise of early proof of concept studies and the potential of proteomics to contribute to the identification of novel and validation of existing therapeutic targets for T2D."}
+{"id": "072230", "text": "Local Innate immune mechanisms are crucial to determine the outcome of the different clinical forms and the reactional episodes in leprosy patients. The evaluation of the single cell gene expression using RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) emerged as a powerful tool in genomics. scRNAseq provides the expression profile of individual cells. Studies of scRNAseq in leprosy field is a valuable strategy and may shed light on the understanding of the functionality of each cell populations as well as the innate mechanisms induced by M. leprae that may contribute for the development of new strategies of control of the disease."}
+{"id": "072231", "text": "In summary, we report the significant difference in DNA methylation profiles between NSCLC patients receiving bevacizumab with inferior and better prognosis. And host genes of DMR were found to be enriched in neutrophil mediated immunity and neutrophil degranulation. We established a DNA methylation signature consisting of ten host genes as a predictive tool for selecting patients who stand to achieve clinical benefit from bevacizumab, which help to optimize treatment strategies for NSCLC patients."}
+{"id": "072332", "text": "Gene transcription is a complex process orchestrated by numerous transcription factors (TFs), coregulators, and epigenetic modifiers. TFs control gene expression by binding to specific regulatory DNA sequences called enhancers and recruiting a series of coregulators to their target genes. Transcriptional coregulators, which include coactivators and corepressors, associate with TFs directly or indirectly as components of multiprotein complexes and transmit and integrate cell signals by functioning as scaffolds to coordinate the assembly of transcription complexes and/or by tethering various posttranslational modifying enzymes to specific transcription sites. Epigenetic modifiers function as components of coregulator complexes and are enzymes that alter chromatin accessibility to regulate gene expression by posttranslationally modifying histones and nonhistone proteins such as TFs and coregulators."}
+{"id": "072350", "text": "Hierarchical clustering was performed using the methylation level of the 500 most variable gene regions. The distance matrix was calculated using Pearson correlation and average linkage was applied."}
+{"id": "072445", "text": "We have shown that regardless of the technology, genome freeze, or encoding used for specific personal genomes, the corresponding fingerprints enable rapid testing of whether two genome representations are derived from the same person or from closely related individuals, rapid identification of the closest among a specified set of candidate populations, and acceleration of population structure studies. Genome fingerprints are also lightweight and restricted to distance information, and therefore suitable for databasing on a broader scale than the personal genomes themselves. Such databases would enable rapid testing of whether a new personal genome has already been observed, rapidly ensuring that a data set includes only unrelated individuals, and rapid testing for the presence of shared genomes in two or more studies, all of which are common steps in the planning and construction of cohorts of genomes for more sensitive, functional analysis. Distances between fingerprints also provide an unbiased scale for selecting pairs of individuals at comparable distances, for example, to select individuals from a control set matched to a set of cases at a consistent evolutionary distance."}
+{"id": "072491", "text": "In recent years, great efforts have been made aiming to identify the epigenome map and the DNA methylation patterns in patients with ALL, which have suggested the aberrant methylation of several genes controlling the cell cycle and signal transduction between different subtypes of the disease 7 . Although it has been recognized that the abnormality remains relatively constant during the remission phase, the likelihood of recurrence increases following the treatment,."}
+{"id": "072557", "text": "There is increasing evidence that an adverse early life environment is associated with increased risk of CVD in later life. The mechanisms by which the maternal environment can induce such long-term effects on the offspring have been suggested to involve the altered epigenetic regulation of genes. Here, we found that DNA methylation signatures at birth were associated with aPWV at age 8 to 9 years, and that a number of modifiable maternal risk factors, particularly aspects of diet and weight gain in pregnancy associated with methylation of these CpGs sites. The identification of epigenetic markers of future CVD risk together with modifiable risk factors that influence the methylation status of such markers may allow the early stratification of individuals at increased risk of CVD and potentially facilitate development of preventive strategies to reduce the offspring’s later risk of CVD."}
+{"id": "072762", "text": "The clinical implications of BBB leakage on cognitive decline in a time-related manner are essential for the understanding of the causal role of BBB leakage in the etiology of cSVD. Longitudinal studies can provide more adequate insights in the temporal relationship between BBB leakage and cognitive decline in cSVD. We aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline BBB leakage and cognitive decline over 2 years in patients with clinically overt cSVD."}
+{"id": "072785", "text": "We used a 137Cs ionizing radiation source to irradiate primary human diploid fibroblasts and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. The goal of these experiments was to determine if ionizing radiation is able to induce changes in DNA cytosine methylation patterns. The radiation doses were chosen to be well tolerated by the cells with no signs of cell death immediately following irradiation or up to seven days after irradiation as assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion. Fibroblasts and bronchial epithelial cells did not undergo further cell division within seven days after being exposed to radiation doses of 4 Gy or higher (Figure S1). Normal bronchial cells were exposed to doses of up to 4 Gy and fibroblasts were exposed up to a maximum of 10 Gy."}
+{"id": "073065", "text": "Information on how long the BBB remains open after sonication with ultrasound and microbubbles has been variable. This may be due to the different methods used to demonstrate BBB opening. In one study, BBB opening with HIFU was reported to occur at up to 72 h after sonication. Light microscopy was used to demonstrate either entirely preserved brain or tissue damage in a small volume within the region of the BBB opening. Electron microscopic examinations in this study showed opening of capillary endothelial cell tight junctions [26]. Using acoustic power levels ranging from 0.2 to 11.5 W with a burst length of 10 or 100 ms and repetition frequency of 1 Hz another group reported that BBB opening as documented with MRI contrast imaging declined after 6 h and was not demonstrable after 24 h [22]."}
+{"id": "073112", "text": "EDMA analyses showed that each syndrome presented a characteristic facial phenotype."}
+{"id": "073178", "text": "In general, the results of the spatial genetic analyses indicate that gene flow/drift dynamics depend on stream distance and differ between the mainstem form and the headwater forms. These results support key differences in microevolutionary processes among ecological variants within the G. robusta complex and should be informative for conservation genetic management of local populations irrespective of species designations."}
+{"id": "073234", "text": "Second, and despite a full acceptance of this first point, major problems remain in moving from the rapidly accumulating raw sequence data and catalogues of genetic variation to warranted conclusions in their interpretation. These problems include questions relating to the clinical utility of conclusions drawn on the basis of genetic association studies that lack a plausible pathogenic mechanism underlying the observed association. There will inevitably be uncertainties in the face of a morass of interacting variables, but some of the difficulties should be resolved over time - although perhaps on a timescale of decades rather than months. In addition, our current measures of environmental factors are primitive, and our ability to record the variation in such factors over a lifetime of many years is still crude."}
+{"id": "073420", "text": "In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the potential role of TEs in regulating gene expression during development and disease. Our findings demonstrate that some TE–oncogene interactions may not be cancer-specific but rather arise from the epigenetic reactivation of TE-derived regulatory events that are involved in early development. The identification of these TE-derived regulatory events in developmental tissues may provide new opportunities for the development of therapies that target TEs in diseases beyond cancer. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of these TE-derived regulatory events as therapeutic targets and to understand their molecular mechanisms. In addition, our findings suggest that the involvement of TEs in gene regulation during development may be more widespread than previously thought, highlighting the need for further studies to better understand the potential role of TEs in normal physiology."}
+{"id": "073444", "text": "We refined the questionnaire in two consecutive pilot studies and validated it in a representative sample of the US population. The aim of the pilot studies was to generate a set of candidate items, explore the relevant themes in laypeople’s moral judgment of genetic technologies, and select the most suitable items. While the literature in applied ethics guided item generation, we were not committed to preserving the six domains outlined above in the final version of the scale, let alone establishing sub-scales. Because genetic technologies are complex, we expected that judgments about them would be sensitive to a multitude of different aspects. Our goal was to develop one coherent general scale for ethical judgments about genetic technologies that would be behaviourally relevant."}
+{"id": "073462", "text": "Nutritional factors play an important role in kidney stone formation. A careful dietary assessment should obtain from the patient any dietary habits that predispose them to urinary stone formation. An appropriate diet can modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the reduction of the risk of urinary stone formation. Specific dietary therapy, based on nutritional assessment and metabolic evaluation, has been demonstrated to be more effective than general dietary measures in preventing recurrent stone formation."}
+{"id": "073497", "text": "Initially lncRNAs were believed to be an insignificant by-product, produced during gene transcription by RNA polymerase II, with no biological purpose other than generating “noise genes”. However, a study has revealed their involvement in regulating mammalian X chromosome inactivation, leading to further exploration of non-coding RNAs."}
+{"id": "073703", "text": "In summary, though the above discussed means of targeting long noncoding RNAs for cancer therapy looks very promising in cell lines, the delivery of therapeutic agents to their specific targets in actual patients in vivo would be quite challenging and effective strategies need to be developed for the same [281]. Although, trials on mouse models have shown some hope, but many of the lncRNAs are primate/ human specific and cannot be investigated in vivo in knockdown/ knockout models in mice. Another point of concern is the fact that even though it has been well established that altered expression of lncRNAs is associated with various cancers, it has not yet been clearly recognized whether the alteration is a cause or consequence of the disease. This calls for a thorough understanding of structure and mechanism of lncRNAs, their molecular interactions and development of novel quantitative assays to screen for drugs. Nonetheless, lncRNAs offer new hope for novel treatment options and in the near future it is expected that many of the lncRNAs may end up as strong diagnostic tools for cancer detection and patient management in the clinic. Because of the increasing number of cancer cases and its incurable nature, there is always a need for novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy."}
+{"id": "073710", "text": "In this editorial context, we aim to leverage the potential of proteogenomics, which integrates genomic and proteomic data, to discover novel biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. We highlight the importance of proteogenomics for understanding the functional consequences of somatic mutations in cancer and demonstrating how proteogenomic analysis can provide insights into the effects of genetic alterations on the proteomic landscape and identify potential therapeutic targets. This article also emphasizes the potential of urine analysis for the detection of prostate cancer. Overall, our editorial paper provides general insights on the application of proteogenomics to urine analysis for the identification of novel biomarkers of prostate cancer."}
+{"id": "073745", "text": "The predominant model for regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation is an inverse association in which increased methylation results in decreased gene expression levels. However, recent studies suggest that the relationship between genetic variation, DNA methylation and expression is more complex."}
+{"id": "073767", "text": "This article describes the importance of determining the pharmacogenetics and metabolomics for interindividual differences in metformin response. Exploration of metformin's clinical omics will not only lead to better prescribing, but it will also help to explain the pleiotropic mechanisms by which metformin works. Various pathways implicated in the effects of T2D drugs are possibly multifactorial. However, studies have demonstrated the value of metabolomics in exploring the pharmacodynamics of metformin in patients with T2D. Genes with metformin response polymorphisms suggest that genetic factors may play a significant role in the therapeutic response to T2D treatment. Moreover, this review provides ample evidence about the association between various transporter genes polymorphism and its significant impact on altered metformin response in T2D patients. There is a need for more research in sizable cohorts of previously examined patients from various ethnic/genetic and cultural backgrounds. Future development of specialized tools for improved therapy will be made possible by a greater knowledge of metformin metabolomics, T2D, pharmacogenetics, and frequent and unusual gene mutations in T2D patients."}
+{"id": "073769", "text": "The population of India is very heterogenous and more data from across India are needed to properly assess how representative this study is of all Indian ethnicities. The subjects in the study were of Indo-European ethnicity and it will be interesting to test the observations on Dravidian people, another major ethnicity in India. We did not perform autoantibody testing in the T2D group and therefore could not actively exclude slowly evolving T1D in this group. However, we used clinical criteria designed to exclude misdiagnosed T1D (by excluding those on insulin within 5 years) and therefore make the assumption this will have a very low prevalence in the T2D group. If the T2D group contained large numbers of people with T1D this would only give a more conservative estimate of the utility of the T1D GRS and the similarity between the European and Indian results suggests this is unlikely. We used odds ratios derived from Europeans for the T1D GRS. We hypothesize that if key HLA risk allele frequencies are similar and these alleles confer similar risk then the T1D GRS is likely to be similarly discriminative. The use of large genome wide association studies to generate the weights in the T1D GRS means the odds ratios are precise for a European population. A natural next step is to try to define genetic relationships in a large Indian cohort with T1D to generate an Indian specific T1D GRS and to test expanded T1D GRSs that include more HLA alleles and recently associated non-HLA loci. However, a critical issue is the power required to do this and without large sample sizes it is possible that a GRS defined in a small (e.g. <1000 cases) cohort may not improve discrimination of T1D."}
+{"id": "073856", "text": "Comparison of matched samples run on EPIC and HM450 shows excellent agreement in methylation values and in the ability to detect sites of differential methylation between samples. The convincing cross-platform reproducibility paves the way for integration of new EPIC data with existing HM450 datasets. The reliability of the EPIC array for methylation evaluation is further shown through comparison between matched samples profiled on EPIC and WGBS. Even though the new content on the EPIC array is designed to target distal regulatory regions, the majority of regions are targeted by just one probe. Remarkably, we found that at the majority (~80 % of regions with a cross-platform difference < 20 %) of targeted distal regions the single EPIC probe accurately represents DNA methylation across the entire region. Where methylation at the EPIC probe did not represent the distal regulatory region, the probes were often located at CpG sites showing variable methylation compared to adjacent CpGs. An array platform will never be as comprehensive as WGBS, so researchers planning a more detailed investigation of regulatory regions would be advised to interrogate or validate methylation patterns across a critical region of interest using an independent technology."}
+{"id": "073969", "text": "The identification and annotation of lncRNA sequences are challenging due to their lower expression levels and less conserved nature, setting them apart from small non-coding RNAs and posing computational difficulties."}
+{"id": "073981", "text": "We also found that one third of patents presenting in an extended time window with a favorable penumbral pattern were potentially at high risk for severe hemorrhagic complications based on BBB disruption. This could be in part because we extended the window out to 24 h; however, based on the DEFUSE 3 trial, we know that it is imaging and not time that should be guiding decisions (13). It also may be the case that not all severe hemorrhagic events are symptomatic, since MPD does not account for this, thus the actual number of patients with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage might be lower than 30%. However, our results suggest that combining BBB imaging with penumbral imaging may be a way to identify a subset of patients who are most likely to benefit from thrombolysis in an extended time window."}
+{"id": "074002", "text": "The results of this study provide confidence in thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion as a proportion will further improve to a state of independence as indicated by mRS at 12 months. The reasons for ongoing improvement may be attributable to the long‐term benefits of rehabilitation. However, future studies would be required to validate and to clarify which subgroup of patients would best benefit from rehabilitation. Other thrombectomy studies have looked into other factors such as renal function, the use of thrombectomy with or without alteplase, and even the local ischemic milieu that may affect long‐term outcomes. , We hope that our study will add to this body of literature to ascertain the optimal factors to achieve good long‐term functional outcomes for patients."}
+{"id": "074203", "text": "Although it is becoming clearer that the production process of lncRNAs influences neighboring gene transcription, how transcription and splicing across lncRNA loci recruit the vital regulatory elements or change the dynamic of chromatin to coordinate gene expression in cis remains to be illustrated."}
+{"id": "074209", "text": "Leprosy is a human chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. It is an ancient affliction that continues to have a significant global impact with official reports from 121 countries across five WHO regions recording 213 899 newly diagnosed cases in 2014 [1]."}
+{"id": "074269", "text": "It is not surprising that the methylation of a gene is strongly associated with the variation of its expression across multiple datasets. We have previously shown that the two properties are associated in rice as well as other organisms [19, 20]. Nonetheless, it is remarkable that the methylation of a gene can be so accurately captured based on its sixmer content and their associated expression variation. This conclusion underlines the strong association between methylation and gene expression regulation. This conclusion supports extensive prior studies suggesting that methylation is an important tissue specific regulatory mechanism."}
+{"id": "074339", "text": "The overall distribution of 5mC and 5hmC marks within each cell line showed an absolute methylation peak increase and hydroxymethylation peak decrease for all genomic features in cancer. However, the lack of significant intronic 5hmC difference between cell lines, coupled with our observation that intronic regions are the most likely to gain 5hmC in PCa, may indicate that intronic hydroxymethylation is both tightly regulated and potentially critical for basic cellular function. Similarly, the proportional gain of intergenic 5hmC and its status as the most likely feature to retain 5hmC in cancer may indicate either a lack of importance for intergenic 5hmC marks or, conversely, a key regulatory function in oncogenic transformation. However, the strong negative correlation between intergenic hydroxymethylation and gene expression in both cell lines, in addition to the significant pathway enrichment in genes bearing intergenic 5hmC and in the lowest tier of expression for terms related to androgen receptor regulation, inflammation, and cellular adhesion, provides strong support for the latter hypothesis. Our findings may indicate novel biological roles for intergenic 5hmC modifications located outside of regulatory regions and intron-specific 5hmC marks gained in cancer. Since many different factors can contribute to results from pathway-based analysis, further functional validation of implicated candidate genes will be performed using in vitro cell lines and animal models in order to verify these findings."}
+{"id": "074354", "text": "Taken together our results show that Urb-RIP provides an adaptable and efficient approach for pull down of RNA of interest and their interacting proteins and ncRNAs. We predict Urb-RIP will work efficiently in most cell lines and can be coupled with many techniques for the analysis of interacting proteins and ncRNAs. Urb-RIP has the potential to become a useful tool in the study of post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA and the function of lncRNAs."}
+{"id": "074379", "text": "The use of genomic data to evaluate population diversity in livestock animals can provide new and more precise insights about the effects of intense selection for production traits. Resulting information and knowledge can be used to effectively increase response to selection by appropriately managing the rate of inbreeding, minimizing negative effects of inbreeding depression and therefore maintaining desirable levels of genetic diversity."}
+{"id": "074551", "text": "Due to the complexity of cholesterol synthesis and its many ways of regulation, further research in the field of sex differences would demand more comprehensive approaches by combining genetic, proteomic and metabolic studies together with mathematical modeling. This is important for further understanding of the sex bias in model organisms and in humans, in connection to the control of dietary cholesterol and the cholesterol-linked diseases."}
+{"id": "074723", "text": "Here, a total of 1737 DELs including 468 upregulated and 1269 downregulated were identified in PBMCs of SLE patients by full transcriptome sequencing. The verification results of 8 of the 10 lncRNAs and all the mRNAs were consistent with the sequencing results. This shows that our full transcriptome sequencing is very reliable."}
+{"id": "074739", "text": "Thus, it is clear that much remains to be learned in the field of lncRNA function. In addition, another layer of regulation appears to exist at the cellular level, which dictates the transcriptional program, by specifying lncRNA targets. This regulatory layer appears to be tissue and development stage specific and concerted efforts are needed to decipher this next level of control. Just as the lncRNAs have similarities in their modes of action, it is likely that the additional layer of regulatory control over lncRNA mediated silencing may also have common mechanisms. Whether distal enhancers, ncRNAs or other protein complexes exercise this control remains to be investigated. In the near future we may unravel universal techniques to reverse or enforce epigenetic silencing of specific targets mediated by lncRNAs, providing novel therapeutic avenues for some disorders."}
+{"id": "074831", "text": "Regardless of how much glutamate is released into the CSF and ECF compartment via the above mechanisms, BBB disruption is one component that determines the maximum levels of CSF and brain ECF glutamate. The degree of disruption of BBB integrity controls the glutamate range in both healthy and TBI brains based on two parameters: BBB permeability and the ability of facilitative and active transport systems to remove glutamate into the bloodstream."}
+{"id": "074935", "text": "The properties described above and promising research in the field of cancer genomics using circRNAs as biomarkers is encouraging and should be explored and translated into cardiovascular genomics research. This is extremely relevant, as conventional methods for controlling risk factors and initiating early treatment in CVD intervention have often led to poor prognosis. Current biomarkers usually detect the disease at later stages of development, increasing the need for the discovery of new biomarkers for prevention or at early onset of disease. This further highlights the benefits of using circRNAs as potential biomarkers in CVD (Table 1)."}
+{"id": "074953", "text": "With respect to the most common sources of pain in RTT, the results of the current study are consistent with prior studies showing gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal pain to be relatively common. It is also worth noting that apparent pain from unknown sources was reported in approximately 10% of cases. Cases in which parents suspect pain but cannot identify a source require special consideration, because optimal pain management generally requires accurate identification of its source. Further, uncertainty regarding whether their child/ward is in pain may lead to increased stress for parents already at risk for chronic stress. It is also notable that interference with activities of daily living due to pain appears to increase with age, at least among individuals with more severe clinical presentations. This finding suggests a need for proactive strategies to treat emerging health conditions early to maintain quality of life."}
+{"id": "075240", "text": "Moreover, we also found that low gene diversities on mtDNA and Y-STR loci in the Keriyan population reflect the isolation of the Keriyan population from other populations and less interaction with other populations. We have to admit that further analysis on NRY SNP will help address the coalescence time of Y chromosomal haplogroups since Y-STR only reflect recent mutations, not like SNP for ancient mutations."}
+{"id": "075267", "text": "To guide this exploration process, GraphOmics allows users to run several common global analyses, including differential expression and pathway activity analysis that prioritise DE entities in the data based on how they change across different experimental conditions. More interestingly, the connections between DE entities could also be explored and queried interactively within GraphOmics. The close integration between the Data Browser and interactive clustering and heatmaps in Clustergrammer means different views on the same data are synchronised to one another. This allows for integrated analysis where for instance, clustering results can be easily examined in the context of pathway activity levels."}
+{"id": "075292", "text": "A second hypothesis is that environmental stresses may result in increased stochastic variation for DNA methylation patterns. Stress would destabilize the methylation, or demethylation, machinery and this would essentially result in higher “epimutation” rates in stressed plants. This is a more difficult hypothesis to evaluate within the limitations of the current study. Stochastic epimutations are likely to be heterozygous and we would have limited power to detect these changes, especially for DNA methylation losses on only one allele. In addition, due to variance in the signal:noise ratio for the experimental data for different individuals the simple count of the number of DMRs per individual can be difficult to interpret. We did find more DMRs in the stressed plants than in the control plants. However, there are more stressed plants that were evaluated and the control plants were compared to the control average (which they contribute to). One interesting observation is that the relative frequency of hypermethylation events and hypomethylation events differs in the stress and control plants. The stressed plants have an excess of hypermethylated events. These events should be easier to detect in our experimental design and may indicate increased rates of DNA methylation gain in stress plants. Overall, our experiments suggest that there is not a major change in the rate of stochastic methylation changes but do suggest that there might be some differences. The recent study by Jiang et al. (2014) similarly found slight changes in both epimutation and mutation rate in Arabidopsis plants subjected to abiotic stress. Experiments that sample larger numbers of both control and stressed plants will be important in determining the exact rate for increased stochastic methylation changes."}
+{"id": "075299", "text": "DNA methylation is another regulation, in which a cytosine base is modified by a DNMT at the C5 position of cytosine, a reaction that is carried out by various members of a single family of enzymes. CpG islands are CG-rich sequences located near coding sequences and serve as promoters for the associated genes and methylation of CpG sites is maintained by DNMTs. DNA methylation is commonly associated with gene silencing and contributes to transcriptional regulation of tissue-specific genes during cellular differentiation. The methylation status of CpG islands within promoter sequences works as an essential regulatory element by modifying the binding affinity of transcription factors to DNA binding sites. Gene transcription only occurs when the chromatin structure is opened up, with unwinding and properly methylated of DNA so that RNA polymerase II and basal transcription complexes can now bind to the naked DNA to initiate transcription."}
+{"id": "075399", "text": "Deciphering the meaning of the human DNA is an outstanding goal which would revolutionize medicine and our way for treating diseases. In recent years, non-coding RNAs have attracted much attention and shown to be functional in part. Yet the importance of these RNAs especially for higher biological functions remains under investigation."}
+{"id": "075430", "text": "This is the first whole-genome sequencing association study of low BMD in an Arab country. The ten new genetic variants described here are of major importance not only for the local population but also for the wider study of the molecular mechanisms controlling bone remodeling and development. This study highlights a new variant associated with low BMD in MALAT1 in which its expression was previously associated with mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Another interesting discovery was the two base pair insertion/deletion rs149339318 variant, which might influence ZNF404 under specific environmental conditions and in turn effect vitamin D metabolism and bone morphogenetic proteins. Knowledge of population-specific variants will be useful for understanding disease pathogenesis and designing polygenic risk scores for clinical application. Our results may help to identify individuals at high risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Individuals presented with such risk should be screened for BMD using iDXA."}
+{"id": "075562", "text": "We revealed the target specificities of the de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B in mouse development in vivo. We show that they have redundant catalytic functions in global genome methylation at implantation, and that DNMT3B specifically methylates a defined set of CpG islands on autosomes and on the X chromosome. This indicates that DNMT3 enzymes evolved to play both redundant and specific functions in mammalian embryos. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the recruitment of DNMT3B activity to CpG-dense regions, which might identify new pathways inducing abnormal CGI methylation in cancer."}
+{"id": "075612", "text": "Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform the analysis of the pedigree completeness downwards from current individuals in the population of the South American Braford to its ancestors. The present study checks the repercussions of ancestors and founders in the South American Braford population since its origin in the Australian Braford ‘line’, evaluating the current and historical structure of the population, its genetic diversity and connections between genetic and demographic parameters, measuring the existing gene flow and quantifying the risk of genetic diversity loss to suggest effective breeding strategies. The present study may serve as a model for the study of diversity and population structures for breeds in geographically diverse environmental frameworks [26]."}
+{"id": "075640", "text": "The blood-brain barrier is the physical and metabolic barrier separating the peripheral circulation from the central nervous system. The BBB is made up of brain capillary endothelial cells and their junctional complexes [15]. The endothelial cell spreads itself on the basal lamina, covering the entire luminal surface of the capillary with the two surface edges being sealed with junctional molecules forming the tight junction of the BBB. The endothelial cell on the luminal side of the basal lamina, together with the pericyte and astrocytic end foot enveloping the inner face of the basal lamina, and the surrounding neurons collectively represent a neurovascular unit that tightly regulates any exchange between the circulating blood and the central nervous system."}
+{"id": "075753", "text": "We estimated carrier frequencies using the sum of alleles interpreted as PV/LPV based on the population for which exome sequencing was performed. This allowed us to calculate the carrier frequency and subsequently derive the q value. Ultimately, we used the q value to predict q2 to estimate disease incidence."}
+{"id": "075766", "text": "Despite these challenges, expressed genes or genes for which expression is permissive upon receipt of appropriate stimuli within the cell tend to be marked epigenetically in a broadly similar way. Epigenetic landscapes can reveal capacity for both current and predictive future gene transcription compared to RNA signals, which are a record of either current or historical expression which remains in the cell until those RNAs are degraded. An average expressed gene would tend to display a complex pattern of histone modifications which includes but is far from limited to including trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 at the nucleosomes that pack approximately 3 kb of DNA around the transcriptional start site (TSS) 14. Histones around TSSs tend to be acetylated at H3K27 15, while those that demarcate transcriptional regulatory domains such as enhancers may be decorated by both H3K27acetylation and H3K4 monomethylation 16, 17, and these distal regulatory domains may be in anything from within kilobases to megabases away from the genes whose expression they regulate. H3K36 trimethylation is enrichment at transcribed exons 18 and histone acetylation at H3K9, 12 and 14 is also found around expressed genes 19. Expressed genes also display H4K20, H3K27 and H3K9 monomethylation 14 and H3K79 dimethylation 3. A summary of the potential roles of some of these modifications is shown in Table 1."}
+{"id": "075800", "text": "The high values of haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity indicate a great potential for distinguishing between male individuals in the studied population. The present population data are expected to find their use in forensic caseworks and population genetics."}
+{"id": "075813", "text": "Using integrated genome and transcriptome sequencing, we discovered hereditary MMD and EOPD affecting two siblings of same family. Our results added further weight to the combined use of RNA-seq and WGS as an important method for detection of deep intronic gene mutations, and suggest that integrated sequencing assays are an effective strategy for the diagnosis of hereditary NMDs."}
+{"id": "075901", "text": "The summary data analysis showed that each additional year of education makes individuals who have taken up smoking twice as likely to have quit in the univariable MR analysis and 2.6 times as likely to quit smoking in the multivariable MR analysis once the effect of cognitive ability has been controlled for. There was also evidence that higher cognitive ability is associated with being more likely to quit smoking. However, this association disappears when educational attainment is controlled for in the multivariable MR analysis. These results are given in Table 4."}
+{"id": "075951", "text": "Different epigenetic processes are involved in all stages of pain processing and play an essential role in chronic pain. Recent years saw the exponential growth of the number of articles linking epigenetic regulators to gene expression in chronic pain. Many important mechanisms have been clarified but a comprehensive detailed view at the molecular and cellular level is far from being complete."}
+{"id": "076212", "text": "In studies designed to analyze the impact that pathogenic bacteria have in promoting epigenetic dysregulation it was observed that they play a significant role in the dysregulation of the epigenetic machinery of their target human cells. It was also important to notice that they did not only promote this directly, but these bacteria produce toxins and surface proteins targeting the host human cell membrane and they can also synthesize effector proteins entering the host cell nucleus. It was observed that all these products usually have consequences such as changes in the host human cells DNA methylation patterns, histone alterations or in other words modifications of the “histone code”. Therefore, the alterations in the host human cells epigenotype and in the gene expression pattern can interfere with the activity of the antibacterial immune response and produce a propitious environment for bacterial colonization, growth, or spread [65]."}
+{"id": "076281", "text": "Our study addresses gaps that currently exist in understanding epigenomic alterations at the cell type level in pediatric central nervous system tumors. Changes in hydroxymethylation were particularly drastic in progenitor-like cells and were associated with cell type level alterations in transcription. We highlight the relevance of epigenome dysregulation in pediatric central nervous system tumors that may lead us to more effective therapeutic targets."}
+{"id": "076329", "text": "Our data suggest that specific methylation profiles can be detected in WBCs, in a preclinical condition, several years before the occurrence of MI, providing an independent signature of cardiovascular risk. We showed that prediction accuracy can be improved when DNA methylation is taken into account together with traditional MI risk factors, although further confirmation on a larger sample is warranted. Our findings support the potential use of DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood white cells as promising early biomarkers of MI."}
+{"id": "076376", "text": "We examined SPT to 147 patients who visited allergy clinic complaining of nasal symptoms from January to December 2014. Three different interpreting methods were used for defining positivity in SPT such as interpretation by comparing wheal sizes of allergen and histamine, the biggest diameter of the wheal size more than 3 mm, and the biggest diameter of the erythema greater than 15 mm. And we compared the positivity among 3 different interpretation methods. The validity of each interpreting method was evaluated by comparing positivity to TNSS."}
+{"id": "076888", "text": "In an effort to address and resolve these technical challenges, we report our comprehensive technical analysis of fcDNA isolation from healthy subjects and enrichment of methylated sequences followed by Next-Generation Sequencing. We describe a purification process optimized for use with very dilute samples, methylation sequence enrichment from low quantities of input DNA, and the library quality and read numbers derived from these samples. Our protocols allow for processing and high-quality genomic methylation analysis from as little as 50 ng of total fcDNA, including library preparation from less than half of the recommended minimum input material."}
+{"id": "076891", "text": "Study strengths include the use of two different sequencing methodologies to identify and analyze DNA methylation and targeted regions of the genome. This study was the first to demonstrate that a distinct group of genes associated with autism are significantly differentially methylated in the sperm of rats exposed to THC and nicotine. This highlights the potential vulnerability of this particular group of genes in sperm. Furthermore, this is the first demonstration of a significant overlap between a comprehensive list of known autism candidate genes and genes with bivalent chromatin structure. Cannabis and tobacco use are highest among men of reproductive age, and while use is increasing, the potential health implications need more intensive examination. More research is needed to improve understanding of how cannabis and tobacco use impact the sperm epigenome and whether those impacts are heritable."}
+{"id": "076941", "text": "Among a sample of 45 moderate to severe cases and 46 controls, we identified 25 DNA methylation sites with evidence of causal association with hypospadias. Additionally, we provide evidence that 97 genes plausibly regulated by these methylation regions may be causally related to hypospadias. Functional annotation of significant genes reveals these methylation regions may be related to hypospadias through altered signaling throughout the course of urogenital development, beginning with formation of the genital tubercle."}
+{"id": "077007", "text": "In conclusion, we have confirmed that all 128 genotypes were genetically diverse and were clustered into three subpopulations based on their geographic region of origin. Data generated through this study may be utilized for mapping of any important agronomical trait for breeding programes to improve the finger millet."}
+{"id": "077043", "text": "Our data unequivocally show that melanoma cells are able to disrupt the junctions of CECs and transmigrate through the paracellular pathway. However, these results cannot exclude the possibility that melanoma cells take the transcellular pathway as well."}
+{"id": "077140", "text": "In conclusion, we found that in acute ischemic stroke patients taking DAPT, the TyG index is associated with increased platelet activity and elevated prevalence of aspirin HRPR. The insulin resistance assessed by the TyG index could be an independent risk factor for aspirin HRPR. These results partly explained the higher risk of stroke recurrence in patients with insulin resistance despite receiving intensive antiplatelet therapy. Hence, personalized treatment strategies should be implemented by considering the TyG index in order to reduce the recurrence of ischemic events."}
+{"id": "077194", "text": "Phylogenetic analysis based on two different approaches – genetic distance and maximum likelihood along with statistical bootstrapping procedure involving 1000 replicates was carried out. The ensuing tree topologies and PC plots were further compared with those obtained in earlier phylogenetic investigations. The compiled database of 21 populations got segregated and finely resolved into three basal clusters with very high bootstrap values corresponding to three geo-ethnic groups of African, Orientals, and Caucasians."}
+{"id": "077457", "text": "We propose a method to estimate the proportion of non-variable CpG sites and eliminate those sites from further analyses. Our method is illustrated using data obtained by hybridizing DNA extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 311 samples to an array assaying 1505 CpG sites. Results showed that a large proportion of the CpG sites did not show inter-individual variation in methylation."}
+{"id": "077559", "text": "There is both archeological and genetic evidences of sheep domestication in the Fertile Crescent region [5]. The data from the large number of Neolithic human settlements found in this region strongly indicate that it has long been a major and important domestication center for livestock animal species, mainly sheep and goats. Thus, the Awassi sheep reared in this region may play an important role in maintaining the genetic diversity of these populations."}
+{"id": "077583", "text": "In the very long Han River, population genetic structure was also clearly revealed in our study. The reason for this genetic differentiation among populations within a single water body, where there are no natural landscape barriers to population migration, may be attributed to the effects of sequential colonization and genetic drift, as mentioned above. There is one more factor to consider. Our results showed a clear positive correlation between geographical and genetic distances between populations within the Han River, which suggests that it is unlikely for R. pseudosericeus inhabiting tributary regions to perform long distance migration along the main stem of the river."}
+{"id": "077589", "text": "The results also suggest that unknown, not annotated transcripts yielded from whole transcriptome sequencing appear to harbour an as yet unexplored reservoir of novel functional RNAs. As such they should not be ignored in surveys of functional transcripts or other transcriptomic and genomic studies. However, it is still difficult to annotate unknown RNA unequivocally as protein coding or noncoding exclusively based on available bioinformatic prediction tools. Manual meticulous curation of primary prediction results, careful interpretation of data and molecular experimental validation are critical to evaluate the presence and functional role of ncRNAs in a transcriptome."}
+{"id": "077601", "text": "Finally, these results suggest the influence of MICA alleles in the development of the leprosy and their clinical forms and need to be replicated."}
+{"id": "077652", "text": "The altered miRNAs expression in early MS phases leads to the modulation of inflammation."}
+{"id": "077664", "text": "Although the central dogma of molecular biology is that the progression from DNA to RNA to protein is straightforward, multiple changes can occur along that process that alter the expression of genes, and in turn the influence the effect of any genetic variant. While a detailed discussion of gene expression or epigenetics is beyond the scope of this review, an important point is that individual variants may not be expressed equally in all individuals. Determining SNP genotypes is straightforward but understanding the complex molecular and metabolic network of events impacted by an individual variant is far more difficult. Some SNP sites have known functions or associations with diseases or other phenotypic characteristics, including metabolism of dietary components and nutritional deficiencies, but these variants are the exception and not the rule. Moreover, in cases where a clinical association has been established, these relationships may not apply to different racial/ethnic populations. Further, many traits have strong developmental and environmental components and relatively low heritability. The lower part of Figure 1 shows how a single gene can result in multiple proteins, which are often expressed in different tissues or developmental stages."}
+{"id": "077674", "text": "The majority of previously unknown signals we describe point to proteins or protein interactions involved in inflammation and immune response, providing genetic evidence for the contributing role of inflammation in cardiometabolic disease processes."}
+{"id": "077833", "text": "For downstream genetic analysis (fine-mapping and region-based association analysis), we first rank-inverse normal transformed NPX-values to achieve robust statistical analyses with comparable effect estimates across proteins. We then corrected inverse rank transformed values for age, sex, measurement plate, and the first ten genetic principal components using linear regression models."}
+{"id": "077836", "text": "The most distinctive feature revealed by the fifteen microsatellites was the considerable genetic homogeneity amongst the four diverse caste groups residing in southwest India. The presence of an almost similar allele frequency pattern [34], suggests that these populations might have a common ancestry or probably experienced very high gene flow during the period of their coexistence. The above finding is further supported by the low genetic differentiation of 1.0% among the studied groups irrespective of their caste and migration histories. The high heterozygosity and rii values in Lyngayat reflect the admixture and stochastic processes experienced by it. The genetic affinity of Lyngayat with other related southern caste populations, like, Iyengar, Vanniyar and Tanjore Kallar reiterates its heterogeneous past. It is noteworthy that although the southern populations exhibited higher affinity amongst each other, the high-ranking populations, like, Iyengar, Lyngayat and Vanniyar also displayed some genetic similarity to Brahmins from Bihar and Orissa, indicating that the gene pool of Iyengar and Lyngayat probably consists of genetic inputs from both southern and northern groups. However, strong conclusions cannot be drawn due to low genetic differentiation among the studied populations. Though the Gowda is known to have moved in to Karnataka from the adjoining area of Tamil Nadu, our study reveals that Gowda cluster with the studied populations and not with Tamil groups. The low hetetozygosity and high rii values of Gowda implies that it might have differentiated as a result of stochastic processes. Furthermore, the relatively lower heterozygosity and admixture levels of Gowda and Muslim might be attributed to the socio-cultural practice of consanguineous marriages in them. The Muslim group was found to be genetically similar to local populations. Regional conversions from diverse castes that occurred during the period of Islamic dominance might elucidate the more or less identical genetic relationship between Muslims and other studied groups. The microsatellite study emphasizes the genetic similarity among the Karnataka populations, with the lack of any strong caste or religious bias in them."}
+{"id": "077867", "text": "As there is significant evidence of the contribution of a risk factor changing with age, it needs to be determined if these changes are proportional or non-proportional. If a risk factor proportionally changes with age, the impact of this will likely be absorbed within the coefficient for age or can be mitigated using an interaction term with age. However, if the coefficients are not proportional with age, then an interaction term may not be enough to appropriately account for the change in risk factor contribution by age. Thus, it is necessary to have a method to determine if a risk factor is proportional to age before including the risk factor in a model and to determine if we actually see the non-proportionality of risk factors and age in practice. We propose a framework for determining if risk factors are proportional with age and use the framework to test a set of ischemic stroke risk factors to determine their proportionality to age."}
+{"id": "078018", "text": "Regulatory processes mediated by viral ncRNAs are an important component of the interaction between the virus and the host. The identification of ncRNA targets showed that viral miRNAs and lncRNAs play an important role not only in the life cycle of the virus, but also in determining the course of the disease, which is achieved by changing the activity of the host genome. This may be important for the escape of the virus from the action of the immune system by suppressing immune surveillance and increasing the lifespan of infected host cells. The identification of such targets and the study of their functioning during the course of the disease can provide a clear picture of the interaction of the virus and the host and contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Determining the nature of disruption of miRNA-lncRNA-mediated regulation in COVID-19 infection will also allow identification of promising therapeutic targets. MiRNAs and lncRNAs are stable and represent an independent class of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The involvement of these molecules in the escape of the virus from the action of the host immune response is a critical factor that requires in-depth analysis in the development of anti-COVID-19 vaccines and approaches to gene therapy. The study of such important post-translational viral regulators has great diagnostic and therapeutic potential for a wide range of diseases, including COVID-19 infection."}
+{"id": "078078", "text": "Cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart diseases or stroke are among the leading cause of deaths globally, and evidence suggests that these diseases are modulated by a multifactorial and complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to modifiable risk factors have been explored to be involved in the pathophysiology of CVD. Environmental factors contribute to an individual’s propensity to develop major cardiovascular risk factors through epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones via miRNA regulation of protein translation that are types of epigenetic mechanisms and participate in disease development. Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common oral diseases in humans that is characterized by low-grade inflammation and has been shown to increase the risk of CVDs. Risk factors involved in PD and CVD are determined both genetically and behaviorally. Periodontal diseases such as chronic inflammation promote DNA methylation. Epigenetic modifications involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis play an essential role in plaque development and vulnerability. Epigenetics has opened a new world to understand and manage human diseases, including CVDs and periodontal diseases. Genetic medicine has started a new era of epigenetics to overcome human diseases with various new methodology. Epigenetic profiling may aid in better diagnosis and stratification of patients showing potential predisposed states for disease. A better understanding of the exact regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic pathways driving inflammation is slowly emerging and will aid in developing novel tools for the treatment of disease."}
+{"id": "078136", "text": "Although it is anticipated that biomarkers could be of extreme value in the future, as precision and personalized medicine grows in popularity, the current level of evidence suggests that most of them are not recommended yet for regular clinical use, even if they can provide essential knowledge in selected cases."}
+{"id": "078151", "text": "In conclusoon, genomic imprinting is important process of inheritance that plays important role in future genetic studies. It is a complex process that is based on DNA metylation in alleles of chromosomes. Numerous external cues influence DNA methylation, which may determine disease onset or progression. Genomic imprinting is a fairly rare phenomenon in humans, most genes are not imprinted, and most of studies are done in mice or plants, so we have a lot to do in this field. Although we do not yet know the precise mechanisms underlying epigenetic gene regulation in the pathogenesis of several diseases, there are finding that the progression of such diseases can be altered by modulating epigenetic programs."}
+{"id": "078161", "text": "Considering the valuable contribution of the native dairy cattle in supporting the livelihood of many Indians for many generations, few efforts have been made to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationship in Indian cattle using genome wide SNPs. Comprehensive characterization on within-and between-breed genetic diversity of the Indian native cattle breeds to facilitate an effective and rational management is lacking. Exploration of the genetic diversity including population structure and admixture can expedite appropriate conservation programs. Deep and thorough understanding of indigenous genes/gene pool will help to understand the mechanism underlying important functional traits and help to meet the future production demands of the local people. The present investigation was undertaken to identify genome wide SNPs and assess the within and between breed genomic diversity and establish breed relationships and to assess their population structure."}
+{"id": "078238", "text": "The next section will focus on miRNAs as biomarkers for MS subtype and severity."}
+{"id": "078279", "text": "We present the first systematical investigation of the genomic characteristics and expression profiles of circRNAs in peanut. The results revealed that circRNAs are abundant and widespread in peanut, and the differentially-expressed circRNAs between two lines suggested that they might play regulatory roles in peanut seeds development."}
+{"id": "078281", "text": "Serologic tests could be used as auxiliary tools for determining the operational classification, in addition to identifying infected individuals and as a strategy for surveillance of household contacts."}
+{"id": "078420", "text": "In vivo, different genes coordinate with each other to perform their biological functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis can determine the most important biochemical metabolic pathways and signal transduction pathways in which differentially expressed genes participate. The abundant pathway information in the KEGG database helps to understand the biological functions of genes from a systematic level, such as metabolic pathways, transmission of genetic information and some complex biological functions such as cell processes."}
+{"id": "078471", "text": "Hence, we conclude from our study that these mimicking B and T cell epitopes are responsible for auto-reaction observed in the T1R group. These mimicking B and T cell epitopes might be responsible for acute inflammation of skin lesions or nerves or both."}
+{"id": "078478", "text": "To conclude, only a few studies have been conducted on adults and the largest proportion was dedicated to children which included several follow-up studies. The studies on the role of epigenetic modulations in developing asthma protection are very limited and there is still considerable ambiguity in this area that demands to be unraveled in further studies. The most used tissue type was PBMC which can be considered a negative point, although it has a higher value compared with the heterogeneity of cell types in whole blood [111]. Also, common limitations in these studies were lacking ample study cohort size and not being able to carry out replications to evaluate their results. Moreover, although the role of maternal status in the development of asthma is undeniable, there is not enough evidence on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these effects on offsprings. Both Th1- and Th2-related genes undergo epigenetic modifications that resulted from environmental effects. Exposure to different types of air pollutants or environmental chemicals affects both DNA methylation and histone modifications. Table 4 indicates the reviewed articles in the field of transgenerational effects and environmental exposure."}
+{"id": "078600", "text": "Whilst we demonstrate that our combinatorial approach has successfully identified a panel of biomarkers capable of predicting OPMD with good accuracy, our study suffers from limitations associated with the use of animal models and how representative the animal model is of the human disease. For example, in this study, the phenotype observed in the A17.1 model used is produced by overexpressing expanded PABPN1, which is different to heterozygous patients with OPMD. This raises the concerns that any biomarkers identified in the animal model may have no clinical utility; however, our results revealed a panel of nine biomarkers that were conserved between mouse and human plasma and were able to predict the presence of OPMD with good accuracy. Hence, the more accurately a model genocopies and phenocopies a human condition, the more robust the analyses generated from this workflow will be, attenuating the need for large sample cohorts of patient samples."}
+{"id": "078875", "text": "We conclude that the expression of PPARγ gene is regulated by DNA methylation of its promoter region and propose that reduced expression of PPARγ owing to DNA methylation in adipocytes of the VAT may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome."}
+{"id": "078889", "text": "According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that AG and AA genotypes of ACE2 (G8790A) polymorphism had a statistically significant risk associated with type 2 diabetes. The final findings of the study showed a non-significant association of ACE2 polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy in the Pakistani population. Hence, there is a need to analyze the association of ACE2 with diabetic nephropathy either in combination with other genes and polymorphisms or on a large scale of data. Moreover, it was found that ACR had a positive correlation with urinary albumin and random blood sugar levels through which we hypothesized that by managing random blood sugar levels, albumin to creatinine ratio can also be maintained which is directly associated with microalbuminuria that further leads to diabetic nephropathy."}
+{"id": "078947", "text": "The low correlation between inbreeding coefficient estimates based on ROH and pedigree could be the result of genetic recombination effect accounted for by the ROH estimates, once this effect cannot be considered to estimate the inbreeding coefficients from pedigree data. Moreover, estimates based on pedigree records neglect the effects of inbreeding accumulated over generations and it does not consider pedigree errors accumulated from past generations [5]."}
+{"id": "078982", "text": "Reads with the same methylation density but having different numbers of CpGs were weighed in terms of their contribution to the overall sample methylation density by normalizing their epiallelic fractions in terms of the number of CpGs they covered out of the total CpGs covered in all of the reads. For this, the epiallelic fraction for a given set of reads was defined as:where C = # of CpGs covered by the reads with a methylation density above a given cutoff and Ctot = total CpGs in all reads."}
+{"id": "079133", "text": "In addition to this, results were compared to publicly available cis-eQTLs found in other tissues or cell line studies in order to assess whether whole blood eQTLs are tissue specific or shared across different tissues and cell lines."}
+{"id": "079188", "text": "The full Y23 haplotypes were used to allocate haplotypes to their most likely haplogroup using Athey’s Haplogroup Predictor. DYS549, DYS543 and DYS533 were excluded from the data because the first was not included in the program and the last two because no allele frequency data was available."}
+{"id": "079329", "text": "Another possible explanation for the increased occurrence of novel exons in circRNAs could be that the novel exons are only spliced into the circular form of the RNA. The circRNA-specific exons may bind splicing factors or introduce RNA structures that selectively stimulate back splicing events rather than forward splicing. Such a system could function as a proofreading system to correct mRNA splicing by circularizing aberrantly spliced exons. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the alternative circRNA exon structure influences the sub-cellular localization and hence also its potential function. It is also unclear whether circRNA splice-variants are co-expressed in the same cells or originate from different cells in the brain."}
+{"id": "079430", "text": "DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification in mammals, in which methyl groups are added to the 5′position of a cytosine molecule without impacting on the DNA sequence. Methylation commonly occurs on the cytosine of CpG sites. Mammalian genomes exhibit high CpG methylation levels within gene regulatory regions, therefore methylation of CpG islands is the essential mechanism for regulation of gene expression."}
+{"id": "079606", "text": "As indicated in this review, lncRNAs have gained considerable attention as pivotal regulators in various physiological and pathophysiological events. Altered expression levels of lncRNAs have been reported in multiple human cancers, including breast cancer. It has become clear that lncRNAs with dysregulated expression drive the initiation and progression of cancers via interactions with other types of RNA molecules, DNA and proteins. Intriguingly, lncRNAs are differentially regulated in diverse cancers or even cancer subtypes and show a significant association with pathological features and clinical prognosis. Regarding the aberrant expression of lncRNAs and the underlying mechanisms, lncRNAs may act as suitable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. Furthermore, lncRNAs could be targeted to reverse the process of carcinogenesis and represent valuable therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. LncRNA-based tests and therapy are promising strategies that deserve extensive research and thorough exploration in the future."}
+{"id": "079631", "text": "The prevailing views as to the form, function, and regulation of genomic methylation patterns have their origin many years in the past, at a time when the structure of the mammalian genome was only dimly perceived, when the number of protein-encoding mammalian genes was believed to be at least five times greater than the actual number, and when it was not understood that only ~10% of the genome is under selective pressure and likely to have biological function. We use more recent findings from genome biology and whole-genome methylation profiling to provide a reappraisal of the shape of genomic methylation patterns and the nature of the changes that they undergo during gametogenesis and early development. We observe that the sequences that undergo deep changes in methylation status during early development are largely sequences without regulatory function. We also discuss recent findings that begin to explain the remarkable fidelity of maintenance methylation. Rather than a general overview of DNA methylation in mammals (which has been the subject of many reviews), we present a new analysis of the distribution of methylated CpG dinucleotides across the multiple sequence compartments that make up the mammalian genome, and we offer an updated interpretation of the nature of the changes in methylation patterns that occur in germ cells and early embryos. We discuss the cues that might designate specific sequences for demethylation or de novo methylation during development, and we summarize recent findings on mechanisms that maintain methylation patterns in mammalian genomes. We also describe the several human disorders, each very different from the other, that are caused by mutations in DNA methyltransferase genes."}
+{"id": "079857", "text": "The epigenetic modifications of histones are versatile marks that are intimately connected to development and disease pathogenesis including human cancers. In this review, we will discuss the many different types of histone modifications and the biological processes with which they are involved. Specifically, we review the enzymatic machineries and modifications that are involved in cancer development and progression, and how to apply currently available small molecule inhibitors for histone modifiers as tool compounds to study the functional significance of histone modifications and their clinical implications."}
+{"id": "080171", "text": "With the reducing cost, nucleotide sequencing is becoming a common approach to study transcriptome dynamics. We anticipate discovery of newer lncRNAs from deep sequencing studies and subsequent mapping of insertion and ENU mutants to these transcripts. zflncRNApedia would be regularly updated with the flow of new information to explain a number of phenotypes and to enable molecular characterization of functions with the enriched data. As evident from the diversity of nomenclature followed by individual studies, a centralized database would enable a systematic and standard process of gene annotation for lncRNAs. We also foresee significant enrichment in the molecular, functional and phenotypic information on long non-coding RNAs as many of them get molecularly and functionally probed."}
+{"id": "080197", "text": "Selection of controls must be carried out such that controls come from the same population as the cases and they must be similar in every way to the cases other than the occurrence of the disease. This is generally accomplished by identifying term controls from the same labour and delivery floors where the cases are identified. Furthermore, it is important that as much demographic and environmental risk data are collected about the study subjects, so that they can be considered and controlled for in the final analyses."}
+{"id": "080245", "text": "The program performs comparisons between each read sequenced present in a library and a chosen reference genome. Reads showing Hamming distances smaller or equal to an allowed mismatched will be selected as positives and used to the assemblage of a long nucleotide genome sequence. In order to validate the software, distinct analysis using NGS dataset obtained from HIV and two plant viruses were used to reconstruct viral whole genomes."}
+{"id": "080252", "text": "Here we describe a statistical methodology for the detection of CGI methylation variance as a result of CRISPR-mediated genomic editing and HDR donor DNA substitution. We find unexpected transgenerational localized methylation changes upon the addition of non-native donor DNA to the mouse genome. These changes could lead to unintentional changes in gene expression and requires deeper research to understand the local methylation modifications and the unintended influences they may have in human and agricultural applications. Further, these methylation perturbances provide a molecular marker for the characterization of genome edits incorporated into the genome with persistence across generations."}
+{"id": "080306", "text": "There is thus a clear need for the development of more appropriate normalization methods for methylation data."}
+{"id": "080343", "text": "Taken together, the data presented here demonstrate that shifts of the HPV methylome are linked to the various stages of squamous epithelial differentiation. Moreover, the transition towards the transforming mode of HPV infections appear to be linked to distinct shifts of the methylation pattern in the HPV URR that are apparently activating it and may provide a molecular explanation for the substantially enhanced expression of the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes in this advanced phase of persistent HPV infections."}
+{"id": "080350", "text": "Figure 4 shows that methylation tends to be added around the TSS in luminal vs basal cells. CpGs further from TSS tend to be unchanged."}
+{"id": "080441", "text": "Report any sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the main results to violations of the assumptions."}
+{"id": "080507", "text": "Establishment and maintenance of latency in host after primary lytic infection is a hallmark of herpesvirus infection. This study was designed to systematically investigate transcriptomic changes in the line 63 and line 72 chickens in response to a vv + MDV challenge at 10 and 21 dpi by RNA sequencing analysis, which include identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genetic lines with and without MDV infection during the latent and late cytolytic phases of MDV infection. Public web server tools for high-throughput genomics data analyses were employed to dissect the identified DEGs for functional interpretations and to select candidate DEGs functionally relevant to MD resistance, which was anticipated to provide some insights on the mechanisms of genetic resistance to MD."}
+{"id": "080511", "text": "The systemic tissue-specific research of the lncRNAs and circRNAs of C. carpio is yet unexplored. A total of 468 raw RNA-Seq dataset across 28 distinct tissues from different varieties of common carp retrieved from public domain were pre-processing, mapped and assembled for lncRNA identification/ classification using various bioinformatics tools. A total of 33,990 lncRNAs were identified along with revelation of 9 miRNAs having 19 unique lncRNAs acting as their precursors."}
+{"id": "080559", "text": "Genetic and serum markers in human host can predict leprosy susceptibility per se as well as be useful in classification and/or prediction of clinical variants and immunological responses in leprosy. Adequate and timely assessment of potential risks associated with these 38 host leprosy genes could diminish epidemiological burden and improve life quality of patients with this still prevalent mycobacterial disease."}
+{"id": "080680", "text": "DNA methylation plays an important role in many biological processes by regulating gene expression. It is commonly accepted that turning on the DNA methylation leads to silencing of the expression of the corresponding genes. While methylation is often described as a binary on-off signal, it is typically measured using beta values derived from either microarray or sequencing technologies, which takes continuous values between 0 and 1. If we would like to interpret methylation in a binary fashion, appropriate thresholds are needed to dichotomize the continuous measurements. In this paper, we use data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. For a total of 992 samples across five cancer types, both methylation and gene expression data are available. A bivariate extension of the StepMiner algorithm is used to identify thresholds for dichotomizing both methylation and expression data. Hypergeometric test is applied to identify CpG sites whose methylation status is significantly associated to silencing of the expression of their corresponding genes. The test is performed on either all five cancer types together or individual cancer types separately. We notice that the appropriate thresholds vary across different CpG sites. In addition, the negative association between methylation and expression is highly tissue specific."}
+{"id": "080772", "text": "Caregivers interviewed in this study had an understanding of the extent of stigma and discrimination experienced by people affected by leprosy in the Weija Leprosarium. These experiences were generally in the areas of social rejection whereby people see people affected by leprosy as outcasts and therefore, would not want to be close with them. The manifestation of this rejection is the area of social isolation that people affected by leprosy find themselves. The result of this is the limited or no interaction that take place between them and the society in general. People affected by leprosy also had physical deformities which they are not comfortable with especially when they come into contact with the public. In addition, people affected by leprosy receive some amount of money periodically. In their estimation, those amounts could be enhanced to enable them live meaningfully."}
+{"id": "080773", "text": "As an independent test of the integrated approach to identify support of a trend in one dataset from another dataset on related samples, we tried to rediscover a main result of Le Roch et al [20]. Between the four asexual life cycle stages of Plasmodium falciparum in their data, they identified a stronger relationship between the trancriptomics expression level in one stage and the protein expression levels in the following life cycle stage, than directly within in the same stage. For protein gene sets evaluated in the microarray data using GSEA, we find the next life cycle stage as the most enriched protein gene-set in three out of three transitions, compared to two out of three in the original work. For the reversed direction, the previous life cycle stage transcript gene-set was among the two top ranked sets in all three transitions, two times out-competed by the corresponding life cycle stage at rank 1. These results emphasize the potential of the integrated approach to detect and evaluate relationships between multiple datasets on related samples."}
+{"id": "080844", "text": "It seems that lncRNAs play essential roles in the reprogramming process. A better understanding in lncRNAs and more broadly ncRNAs in the context of iPSCs would certainly benefit future biomedical research aiming to utilize iPSCs in the clinic."}
+{"id": "081030", "text": "The SNP and STR data for samples utilized to construct the training data set and models for this study were acquired and analyzed over an extended period of time by the Hammer laboratory. The SNPs were identified using a variety of techniques including: DNA sequencing, allele specific PCR scored by agarose electrophoresis, PCR and restriction digest, and TaqMan assays. A test panel comprising the SNPs in Figure 1 was developed and validated for use on a Beckman Coulter SNPStream instrument [23]. This instrument permits simultaneous testing for all SNPs represented on the panel for a given sample. Novel samples utilized for testing and validation of the models were STR tested and processed on the SNPStream instrument to verify the predicted SNP assignments."}
+{"id": "081084", "text": "Usually, DMSs are unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Figure 1C and Figure 1D exhibit that the position information of DMSs on chromosomes was labeled. According to the position of methylation sites on the genome, the distribution of DMSs on different functional elements was plotted using pie chart as shown in Figure 1E and Figure 1F. The results showed that both CCGG and CCWGG DMSs were mainly located on the introns and intergenic elements."}
+{"id": "081332", "text": "In this current study, we attempt to analyze high throughput RNA-sequencing data from 08 root tissue samples exposed to elevated salinity to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs under salt stress. Different features of lncRNAs and their comparative analysis were carried out. The target genes regulated by lncRNAs or miRNA-mediated manner were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that lncRNAs function in the regulation of multiple processes. The results presented under this study may be useful for understanding and elucidating the complex regulatory framework involving lncRNAs underlying the salt tolerance in chickpea."}
+{"id": "081337", "text": "Exposure to phenobarbital results in dynamic and reciprocal changes to the 5mC/5hmC patterns over the promoter regions of a cohort of genes that are transcriptionally upregulated. This reprogramming of 5mC/5hmC coincides with characteristic changes in the histone marks H3K4me2, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3. Quantitative analysis of phenobarbital-induced genes that are involved in xenobiotic metabolism reveals that both DNA modifications are lost at the transcription start site, while there is a reciprocal relationship between increasing levels of 5hmC and loss of 5mC at regions immediately adjacent to core promoters."}
+{"id": "081413", "text": "While maintaining miRNA information, bead-based methods also offers the ability to analyze all types of sRNA tagged in a library ranging in size from 100 to 200 nt, not just a specific type or length of sRNA such as miRNA that has been size selected from a gel. Different cell types or bodily fluids may contain different RNA signatures and be enriched in other types of sRNA other than miRNA. Valuable information including new small RNA biomarkers can be extracted from these sample types and a more in depth analysis can be done when data from other small RNA would have been previously excluded by gel excising the 140 nt targets exclusively. As further information is gained and various new types of sRNA are discovered, small RNA-Seq is becoming increasingly important. Now, more information can be gained from sequencing bead-purified samples and analyzing all small RNA species that are present in a given sample."}
+{"id": "081569", "text": "Mutations in mitochondrial genomes can cause diseases involving malfunction of various organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, and heart, due to impaired energy production. Correction of the mutations or introduction of functional genetic components into mitochondria can be a reasonable strategy to cure mitochondrial diseases. However, two separate lipid membranes of mitochondria do not allow easy access of therapeutic genetic components to the matrix space where the mitochondrial genetic system mainly operates. The mixed and heterogeneous nature of mitochondrial DNAs in a cell complicates the design and applications of the gene therapy strategy. In this review, we introduced multiple aspects of basic regulations of mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription. Mutations of the genetic components that affect the physiology and functions of mitochondria and linkages between the mutations and diseases have been also discussed. Various studies targeted to reduce the number of mutated DNAs in mitochondria and enhance the delivery system for the introduction of therapeutic genetic components into mitochondria. To reach the goal of treating and eventually curing mitochondrial diseases, various approaches, employing physical forces, newly constructed chemical complexes, and recombinant proteins, have been applied. Partial success in the studies encourages future ambitious attempts to effectively cure mitochondrial disease. A better understanding of molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in mitochondrial diseases and the fusion of multidisciplinary approaches will further fuel the advances in mitochondrial gene therapy."}
+{"id": "081612", "text": "During the most recent decade many Bayesian statistical models and software for answering questions related to the genetic structure underlying population samples have appeared in the scientific literature. Most of these methods utilize molecular markers for the inferences, while some are also capable of handling DNA sequence data. In a number of earlier works, we have introduced an array of statistical methods for population genetic inference that are implemented in the software BAPS. However, the complexity of biological problems related to genetic structure analysis keeps increasing such that in many cases the current methods may provide either inappropriate or insufficient solutions."}
+{"id": "081735", "text": "Mitochondria are the major source of ATP in the cell. Five multi-subunit complexes in the inner membrane of the organelle are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation required for ATP production. Thirteen subunits of these complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial genome often referred to as mtDNA. For this reason, the expression of mtDNA is vital for the assembly and functioning of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Defects of the mechanisms regulating mtDNA gene expression have been associated with deficiencies in assembly of these complexes, resulting in mitochondrial diseases. Recently, numerous factors involved in these processes have been identified and characterized leading to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie mitochondrial diseases."}
+{"id": "081848", "text": "Accordingly, our hypothesis was that in the biodiversity strategy is included the valorisation of the intrinsic local meat quality attributes, which should help the promotion and the implementation of new products in the market, preserving the extinction of the autochthonous breed and the conserving endangered genetic resources."}
+{"id": "081899", "text": "The goal of genome wide analyses of polymorphisms is to achieve a better understanding of the link between genotype and phenotype. Part of that goal is to understand the selective forces that have operated on a population."}
+{"id": "082006", "text": "Top DElncRNAs were screened in order to discover a regulatory network and interaction with mRNA and miRNA with the application of GO and KEGG. First, we predicted the mRNA targets for the top DElncRNA with the aforementioned bioinformatics tools. Thereafter, the regulatory PPI network was constructed with the use of String and ShinyGO. Regarding the sponging ability of the top DElncRNA for miRNA, the role of the predicted small ncRNAs was investigated in the signaling pathways."}
+{"id": "082007", "text": "Circus plot of the relative density of selected regions along the ovine genome. DCMS statistics corresponding to GROUP1 is in dark red, to GROUP2 in dark blue, and hapFLK statistics for all breeds shown in green"}
+{"id": "082038", "text": "In the absence of a positive diagnosis due to mutation in a known muscle disease gene additional affected or unaffected family members underwent WES and likely inheritance pattern and the scope of variant analysis was widened to include variants in novel genes."}
+{"id": "082181", "text": "Though our analysis of global ancestry showed that a majority of the variance explained jointly by local and global ancestry can be traced to specific loci in the genome acting in –cis, a substantial proportion cannot. Some of the residual association between global ancestry and methylation may be due to genetic effects acting in –trans; however, the possibility that some of it may be due to environmental exposures correlating with global ancestry cannot be excluded. Thus, it is plausible that genomic ancestry is acting as a proxy for both genetic and environmental effects in our study. If this is the case, our study likely underestimates the degree to which environmental factors explain differential methylation between ethnic groups."}
+{"id": "082194", "text": "IR is a multifactorial trait, being influenced by both environmental and lifestyle risk factors, as well as inherited genetic variation. While genetic variation refers specifically to changes in the DNA code, epigenetics considers additional modifications to the genome which can be transmitted to daughter cells independently of changes in the DNA sequence. An expanding repertoire of research is revealing a central role of epigenetics in diverse aspects of disease biology, including as long-term manifestations of environmental exposures and effectors of underlying pathological mechanisms. The epigenome also offers potentially transformative disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. As such, this review will provide an overview of the current evidence detailing the roles of epigenetic and gene regulatory mechanisms of hepatic IR."}
+{"id": "082247", "text": "It is of no surprise that pathways analysis of the nodes in the genomic interaction network shows several genes involved in immune response regulation. It is known that lymphoid neoplasms is a disease associated with immunological ignorance and immune evasion."}
+{"id": "082263", "text": "User-friendly online tools in the BmncRNAdb database. a Online blast program and visual output in the BmncRNAdb. Users can run blast against the silkworm lncRNA by submitting the sequence in fasta format. b Online predicting target gene of lncRNA interface and the results in tabular form. c Online predicting target gene of miRNA interface and detailed output by miRnada"}
+{"id": "082272", "text": "In summary, population management strategies need to take different and often conflicting breeding objectives into account. The primary objective of a breeding program depends on the genetic state of the population and its intended usage. The state of a population with respect to a breeding objective can be measured by an associated genetic parameter. The relevant genetic parameters are the average breeding value for total merit, the genetic diversity of the population, and the genome equivalent that is contributed by the breed to the genetic diversity of the species. Although these parameters can be target parameters of breeding programs, their improvement can be facilitated with the help of some further auxiliary parameters. For example, the genome equivalent that is contributed by the breed to the gene pool of the species could be increased by increasing the genetic diversity at native alleles and the proportion of the gene pool that is native. Genetic gain can be increased when the Mendelian sampling variances are taken into account, which are responsible for the variances of breeding values within fulfills, and it can be further increased with the help of estimated mutational effects. Mutational effects are not only of interest to improve the accuracies of genomic breeding values but also for genome editing, which can be used to repair deleterious mutations and propagate advantageous alleles in the population (Jenko et al., 2015). The success of a breeding program depends on the accuracies with which the relevant genetic parameters have been estimated. Pedigree-based estimates are increasingly replaced by marker-based estimates, which often have substantially higher accuracies."}
+{"id": "082427", "text": "Thus, decline in DNA methylation in ZHBTc4+Dox differentiation is not simply a consequence of the absence of Dnmt1 at replication forks owing to insufficient expression of an obligate chaperone, Np95. Rather loss of DNA methylation appears to be a consequence of some intrinsic setting of DNA methylation to ensure a hypomethylated landscape in the trophectoderm lineage."}
+{"id": "082540", "text": "In this study, we used a genetic testing approach based on targeted next-generation sequencing of 104 genes causative or associated with CKD in Saudi patients with ESRD. We sought to elucidate the genetic causes of CKD and identify genetic variants associated with CKD and related traits in the Saudi population, supporting precision medicine for Saudi patients with kidney disease."}
+{"id": "082634", "text": "In addition to these statistical and technological issues, interpreting the functional consequences of some of the identified DNAm sites remains relatively unexplored, as is the potential impact of these DNAm changes on phenotypic health outcomes. A recent paper from the Dutch Hunger Famine study providing evidence that DNAm may mediate the link between adversity in early life and health outcomes in adulthood is one of the first to support this hypothesis [131]."}
+{"id": "082921", "text": "The present study was designed for prognostic purposes to determine whether our procedure based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes starting from a non-invasive sampling procedure could identify an altered methylation profile even in clinically healthy mucosa that had replaced the surgical areas after OSCC removal. In the case of a positive score, a related high risk of relapse was evaluated."}
+{"id": "082931", "text": "Table 3 presents results based on the three testing methods and the trend test without adjusting for correlated cases. The performance of these tests is comparable. The Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple testing of 14 SNPs, and only the SNPs with an adjusted p-value less than 0.05 in any one of the tests are presented. All three test methods identified the same markers that were significantly associated with the susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis. The unadjusted trend test that assumed independent cases overestimated the association and could result in a larger false-positive rate."}
+{"id": "082935", "text": "Both metabolites and proteins reflect the physiological and pathological status of an individual. Profiling these data types could be useful to identify sensitive and effective markers for early disease detection and potentially effective therapeutic interventions. Research in the context of neurodegenerative diseases may reveal and quantify specific metabolites and proteins playing a role on cellular pathways suitable for therapeutic interventions aimed at halting or reversing the neurodegenerative process (Figure 1)."}
+{"id": "083002", "text": "The two tests used are able to detect different selection signature. The FST indicates a difference among groups of individuals in each marker that could be caused by different selection events. FST test detects highly differentiated alleles, where positive selection in a given genome region causes exaggerated frequency differences between populations. The hapFLK is a haplotype FLK based test that identifies selection signatures among hierarchically structure populations. It differs from Fst in order that takes into account the hierarchical structure of the sampling, allowing genetic drift to differ for each population."}
+{"id": "083090", "text": "The selection of breeds and individuals for outcrossing, and the procedures for managing the breeding plans, is a balance between infusing new genetic variation relatively quickly, and careful monitoring to ensure that what remains of the original genetic variability is not swamped. Moreover, the breeding program aims to ensure that morphological, behavioural and other breed characteristics are conserved as much as possible. Outcrossing is currently ongoing and breeding has been undertaken/planned with all three candidate breeds. The objective of this study is to investigate 1) the population genetic structure and differentiation among the Lundehund and candidate breeds for outcrossing, and 2) the occurrence of outlier loci among breeds, the presence of which may indicate selection on genes in flanking regions and thus adaptive differences among breeds that, over time, could benefit Lundehund recovery and preservation. Humans have likely performed selective breeding in the Lundehund and candidate breeds according to their historical role in e.g. herding and hunting, including the unique adaptations to puffin hunting found in the Lundehund. Selective breeding by humans may be expected to produce outlier loci among breeds. However, as all four breeds originate from relatively similar Nordic environments we do not expect such differences to represent naturally selected traits that carry a risk of being maladaptive in crossbred individuals. The main aim of the outlier analyses is to help clarify whether there may be signs of standing genetic variation from adaptation or artificial selection among the candidate breeds, indicating that each breed could contribute unique and potentially adaptive genetic variation to the depauperate Lundehund genome. Importantly, the bottlenecks experienced by the Lundehund may have augmented the probability of finding outliers between this breed and the candidate breeds owing to genetic drift. However, if outlier SNPs near genes believed to be associated with health and survival occur among all four breeds, or pairwise between candidate breeds, this would appear to support the inclusion of multiple candidate breeds in the programme to augment Lundehund genetic variation and evolutionary potential."}
+{"id": "083108", "text": "The outcome of thrombolytic therapy based on the administration of tPA depends largely on the modulation of the activity of different types of MMPs. tPA increases the level and activity of MMPs in brain tissue via different mechanisms and enhances their adverse effects during the acute phase of stroke. Different types of MMPs have different effects on the ischemic brain, and their concentration, activity, and localization vary depending on the time elapsed since injury. When tPA is administered outside of the therapeutic window, the increase in certain MMPs that it causes coincides with the peak of their post-ischemic activity in the brain, resulting in damage to the blood–brain barrier and a marked increase in the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. This outcome is most pronounced for MMP-9, whose activity dynamics in the region of injury seems to determine the limit of the therapeutic window for tPA administration. Understanding these mechanisms underscores the need to search for additional therapeutic agents to extend the therapeutic window and reduce the risk of hemorrhagic transformation during thrombolytic therapy. An effective solution to this problem could be the use of specific MMP inhibitors. However, because of the multifunctionality and complex dynamics of MMP activation, this method might only be effective in a certain period of time; therefore, it requires careful study of the action plan to maintain adequate MMP function during the different phases of stroke rehabilitation."}
+{"id": "083394", "text": "The validation process of the DNA sequences obtained implied: the comparison of DNA sequences obtained from two specimens of the same species at each geographical locations, and the verification of the position of each sequence on the accepted molecular phylogeny of the fish, through BLAST searching and calculating molecular phylogeny trees. In addition, all the sequences from a species were compared; the consistency of phylogenies and gene variability analysis of the set of sequences determined the validation of the species."}
+{"id": "083449", "text": "Given the inability of current treatments to target the mechanisms of BBB alterations and genesis of cerebral oedema that lead to elevations in ICP following acute CNS injury, modulation of neurogenic inflammation through the administration of an NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist represents a novel therapeutic target to treat cerebral oedema to both reduce mortality and improve outcome. Furthermore, combination with a CGRP agonist may be an effective in modulating injury pathways in acute CNS injury. Thus, targeting neurogenic inflammation may provide an alternate treatment strategy that is more specific and efficacious than current pharmacotherapies used in the management of cerebral oedema and elevated ICP, all without the risk of invasive surgery."}
+{"id": "083546", "text": "This study describes for the first time the Y-chromosome diversity of the main ethnic groups in Afghanistan. We have explored the genetic composition of modern Afghans and correlated their genetic diversity with well established historical events and movements of neighboring populations. The study data strongly shows that continuous migrations and movements through Central Asia since at least the Holocene, have created populations structures that today, are highly correlated with ethnicity in Afghanistan."}
+{"id": "083644", "text": "This study is the first to provide a large scale and comprehensive analysis of the DNA methylation sequence composition and distribution in the FL epigenome. These integrated approaches have led to the discovery of novel and frequent targets of aberrant epigenetic alterations. The genome-wide bisulfite sequencing approach developed here can be a useful tool for profiling DNA methylation in clinical samples."}
+{"id": "083661", "text": "To formally assess the impact of North African and Sephardic Jewish contributions on the indigenous population, we carried out admixture analysis, employing the mY estimator and treating the study populations as hybrids of three parental populations. We chose the Basques as the Iberian parental sample. This is justified on the basis of a relative absence of Muslim occupation of the Basque region and supported by the genetic distinctiveness of the Basque and neighboring Gascon samples (Figure 3). We chose the Moroccans as the North African parental sample, on the basis of historical evidence that entry to the Iberian Peninsula occurred via the Strait of Gibraltar and that the invading armies were largely native to Morocco. The third parental population was the Sephardic Jewish sample."}
+{"id": "083728", "text": "To validate the reliability of the sequencing results and provide the basis for further study, eight RNAs among the DE ncRNA and mRNA transcripts were randomly selected to validate the accuracy of the sequencing data using qPCR, including 2 lncRNAs, 2 circRNAs, 2 miRNAs and 2 mRNAs. Figure 3 shows that all of the selected ncRNA and mRNA transcripts were detected and exhibited significantly different expression in the kidneys of mice subjected to IR. These results were consistent with the RNA sequencing data."}
+{"id": "083776", "text": "The confirmation rate of eQTL in this study was calculated in the 2 largest published eQTL studies to date and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project [3,4,23] (Table 1) to assess the extent to which eQTL in PAH overlapped with eQTL described in healthy populations. These studies were selected for having measured gene expression in the same tissue as our study, in addition to being the largest eQTL mapping studies to date. No eQTL study other than the GTEx Project with available genome-wide results applied RNAseq in whole blood at the time this study was conducted. Confirmation rate was defined as the number of PAH eQTL confirmed by the published study, divided by the total number of PAH eQTL tested by the published study and multiplied by 100 to give a percent value. The matching of gene transcripts and genetic variants between our study and the published studies as well as similarities and differences between the designs of this study and the 3 published studies are described in Table 1 and in the Supplementary Material."}
+{"id": "083810", "text": "The study clearly shows that the genetic structure of autochthonous sheep breeds in Bulgaria has been significantly influenced by various factors including a large decrease (1990–2010) and subsequent increase (since 2010) in the population size. This is often accompanied by uncontrolled crossing among animals from different autochthonous breeds or with recently introduced highly productive foreign breeds, as well as carrying out breed selection without an appropriate breeding plan and methods for control. All this had led to a reduction in the genetic uniformity of the local sheep breeds and calls for a long-term policy and actions to preserve their genetic uniqueness in order to achieve sustainable agriculture and food security under ever-changing climatic conditions. Currently, the animal selection and reproduction management of the breeds in Bulgaria are based on the animal phenotype. This approach, however, is not sufficiently precise to preserve the unique genotype of the breed. In addition, the genetic processes that take place in the population, such as an increase or decrease in the level of inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity cannot be evaluated on the basis of phenotype. Therefore, the effective management of sheep breeds needs an overall molecular-genetics characterization of the sheep populations and further monitoring of the changes in the genetic diversity and structure in order to develop and implement effective programs for “in situ” conservation of genetic resources, including the preservation of semen and embryos from selected animals. The present microsatellite characterization of a large part of the autochthonous breeds in the country provides a solid basis and essential monitoring to implement conservation programs and strategies for the preservation of Bulgarian local breeds and their further use for sustainable sheep farming."}
+{"id": "083847", "text": "Annotation of the identified methylated regions revealed a significant clustering of DNA methylation in gene-associated compartments of the genome in both the cancer and normal cells, and in regions found to be hypermethylated in the cancer cells. We identified numerous 5' gene upstream regions that were methylated in the cancer and normal cells, some of which were differentially methylated in the cancer cells. For some of these regions, we confirmed that demethylation using a methyltranferase inhibitor led to re-expression of the associated gene, suggesting that methylation of these regions was indeed involved in epigenetic silencing of the associated gene. Two of these regions were confirmed to be novel biomarkers for prostate cancer in an independent set of prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tissues."}
+{"id": "083861", "text": "The aforementioned studies provide ample evidence that the brain responds to stroke-associated stimuli by significantly altering lncRNAs transcriptomic profiles. This early and robust stroke-induced lncRNA aberration suggests potential functional roles and the predictive values of lncRNAs as new biomarkers for ischemic stroke. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms after cerebral ischemia will provide an opportunity to explore potential strategies for early diagnosis and therapy of stroke."}
+{"id": "083898", "text": "The origin of genes is one of the most enigmatic events in the origin of life. It has been suggested that noncoding (nc) RNA was probably a precursor in the formation of the first polypeptide, and also at the origin of the first manifestation of life and genes. ncRNAs are also becoming central for understanding gene expression and silencing. Indeed, before the discovery of ncRNAs, proteins were viewed as the major molecules in the regulation of gene expression and gene silencing; however, recent findings suggest that ncRNA also plays an important role in gene expression. Reverse transcription of RNA viruses and their integration into the genome of eukaryotes and also their relationship with the ncRNA suggest that their origin is basal in genome evolution, and also probably constitute the first mechanism of gene regulation. I am to review the different roles of ncRNAs in the framework of gene evolution, as well as the importance of ncRNAs and viruses in the epigenesis and in the non-Mendelian model of heredity and evolution."}
+{"id": "083903", "text": "In addition, most of the functions of piRNAs studied to date were limited to their effects on tumor phenotypes. In the past few decades, there has been a substantial increase in the study of the mechanisms of cancer immunity. Similarly, most of the prognostic studies performed to date have focused on the effect on tumor chemotherapy resistance rather than radiotherapy or immunotherapy resistance. Whether piRNAs are involved in the individual immune processes of cancer remains unclear. The role of piRNAs in resistance to immune checkpoint blockade agents in cancers has not been investigated. Therefore, additional studies are needed to better understand the piRNA-mediated regulation of cancer immunotherapy, and the results will lead to the development of novel effective therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy."}
+{"id": "084451", "text": "Analysis of ROH based on genomic data can help to describe the history of the population to which an individual belongs and can also reveal the level of inbreeding within populations, recent population bottlenecks or signatures of directional selection. However, to date, literature on ovine ROH is scarce, although sheep represent excellent genetic resources that contribute to local economy. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first effort to describe the occurrence and distribution of ROH in a large number of individuals using medium-density SNP arrays in dairy sheep."}
+{"id": "084603", "text": "There is no doubt that the balance of genetic drift and gene flow has been greatly altered in recent human evolution and continues to change at a rapid pace. The increased human population size associated with the development of agriculture weakens the evolutionary force of genetic drift, and a wide variety of cultural innovations have greatly increased the ability of people to move across the globe and thereby augmented gene flow. Both of these alterations are increasing the level of genetic variation within local human populations and decreasing the genetic differences among human populations. This means that more and more of the genetic variation in the human gene pool exists at the level of individual heterozygosity (that is, the two copies of an autosomal gene borne by an individual are increasingly likely to be of different allelic states). This increased heterozygosity and switch to outbreeding because of enhanced dispersal has medical implications. It has long been known that inbreeding, which is fostered by having isolated local populations of small size, can have many deleterious effects on viability and health in general.4 This phenomenon is known as inbreeding depression and has been well documented in human populations,33,34 including increasing suspectibility to infectious diseases.35 In current human populations that still live in small, isolated populations, large contiguous stretches of the genome are homozygous (i.e. show no heterozygosity), but such genomic regions become increasingly rare and shorter in individuals sampled from developed countries that have larger population sizes and higher levels of dispersal from the birthplace.36"}
+{"id": "084620", "text": "Starting from Fig 8A, which shows the expression of a theoretical cluster in the absence of any genomic manipulation, we defined as virtual gene therapy any kind of alteration of the original expression that can alter the trajectory of the hyperplastic growth of the wall. We examined three different kinds of perturbation:"}
+{"id": "084640", "text": "Because there are a vast number of methods that can be employed to attempt to establish the causal genes for GWAS signals, we integrate several of these, which represent the most useful and robust approaches that span experimentally generated functional annotations, predictions for regulatory impact generated by machine learning models, as well as linking back to AD physiology through the evaluation of differential gene expression and DNA methylation studies and proteome comparisons involving patients with eczema."}
+{"id": "084680", "text": "This study aims to make a brief overview of the new generation of biomarkers such as lncRNAs found in LN and to evaluate their potential role as diagnostic and prognostic tools for the disease alone or in combination with the conventional immunological markers for activity."}
+{"id": "084748", "text": "Considerable evidence suggests genetic factors are important in ischaemic stroke risk. The advent of new techniques such as GWAS has contributed enormously to the understanding of the genetics of other complex disease and progress is just beginning to be made in stroke. For success large, well phenotyped case cohorts are required, and international collaborations are essential. NGS technology and techniques such as transcription profiling and proteomics will allow us to look for rarer variants in stroke cases and attempt to identify how these exert their effects at the molecular level, but whether these will be important remains to be determined."}
+{"id": "084764", "text": "We have shown that random genetic drift effects in threatened animals are widespread and lead to the erosion of neutral genetic diversity within species. This places many populations and species at a greater risk of extinction in a changing environment even if other threats can be obviated. Conservation strategies need to focus on the preservation of genetic diversity at the species level, rather than that of the population, subspecies or evolutionary significant unit, and augmented gene flow from genetically diverse populations needs to be considered as a way of increasing fitness and the adaptive potential of populations."}
+{"id": "084842", "text": "While in cancer there is increased activity of Telomerase causing elongation of telomeres in cancer cells. This also signifies the link between hormones and AD as those APOE4 carriers who continued to use hormone replacement therapy; did not show signs of accelerated aging. Reduced levels of androgens also potentially increase the risk of AD."}
+{"id": "084883", "text": "The primary aim of this study was to perform GWAS analysis using an Illumina Ovine SNP600 BeadChip to identify SNPs associated with Chinese indigenous sheep breeds with different tail types at the genome level, and to forecast and explore the major candidate genes associated with fat deposition in sheep tail. The filtered SNP may be used for molecular marker-assisted selection and will guide studies aimed at elucidating some complex traits. As secondary goal was to validate the GWAS results and screen casual genetic variants as genetic markers that are beneficial for the identification of sheep tail type in an independent sheep population, the BMP2 and PDGFD genes were taken to investigate the relationship between SNPs within the tails of Altay and Tibetan sheep."}
+{"id": "085110", "text": "We envisage a scenario in which cancer-derived exosomal ncRNAs that promote tumour angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis (such as those discussed in previous sections of this article) are included in panels of ncRNA biomarkers for liquid biopsy to detect and stage cancers in the clinic. The purpose of monitoring ncRNAs that promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis would be to provide information about the propensity of detected tumours to metastasize, via blood vessels or lymphatics, to distant sites in the body which is the most lethal aspect of cancer for most patients. We acknowledge there is considerable work that still needs to be done to clinically validate specific exosomal ncRNAs as biomarkers of cancer metastasis."}
+{"id": "085135", "text": "We applied a large set of statistical tests on the material, which implies that on average one out of 20 findings may be false positive. However, our survey should not be regarded as a study testing a specific hypothesis but rather a study describing a wide range of potential late effects in five‐year survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma."}
+{"id": "085138", "text": "Preclinical work aimed at developing new therapies for mitochondrial diseases has recently given new hopes and opened unexpected perspectives for the patients affected by these pathologies. In contrast, only minor progresses have been achieved so far in the translation into the clinics. Many challenges are still ahead, including the need for a better characterization of the pharmacological effects of the different approaches and the design of appropriate clinical trials with robust outcome measures for this extremely heterogeneous, rare, and complex group of disorders. In this review, we will discuss the most important achievements and the major challenges in this very dynamic research field."}
+{"id": "085235", "text": "Genomic inbreeding levels were found to be higher in the CHCU breed compared to the CHF and CHUK populations. The genomic inbreeding patterns were in agreement with the results obtained with the estimates of the effective population size, with low estimated Ne values and a tendency to decrease along generations. However, the high variance found in the indicators of ROHs and FROH suggest an opportunity to maintain the genetic diversity of this population with an adequate mating strategy that, accompanied with the benefits of molecular tools, could guarantee a better management of this important genetic resource."}
+{"id": "085452", "text": "Similar to the result obtained in FGD, most participants in KII showed limited knowledge of genomics testing except the young health care workers. That category of key informants had better knowledge of genomics tests than others. It was further observed that most of the key informants had no personal experience of genomics test."}
+{"id": "085611", "text": "The aim of the study was to evaluate the parental nasomaxillary asymmetry as a risk factor for development of palatal clefts in their offspring by comparing the nasomaxillary width obtained from PA cephalograms of parents of children with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip alveolus and palate with parents of noncleft children. The genetic contribution of characteristic craniofacial structure (nasomaxillary asymmetry) in parents of children with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip alveolus and palate has related to predisposition of non-syndromic unilateral complete cleft lip alveolus and palate in offspring was hypothesized. The focus of this study was to determine differences in craniofacial morphology on PA cephalogram among parents of nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip alveolus and palate children and control group."}
+{"id": "085615", "text": "Haplotypes extracted from human DNA can be used for gene mapping and other analysis of genetic patterns within and across populations. A fundamental problem is, however, that current practical laboratory methods do not give haplotype information. Estimation of phased haplotypes of unrelated individuals given their unphased genotypes is known as the haplotype reconstruction or phasing problem."}
+{"id": "085951", "text": "In the light of these results, it emerges that, although kallisto is the method that requires shorter times, the bad results in terms of sensitivity and specificity make it unreliable compared to other pipelines. Pipelines that use STAR or HISAT2 for alignment and featureCounts for quantification are the ones that give better results, as they present the best values of sensitivity and specificity. In terms of time they require highly less time than the TopHat2 pipeline. However, STAR pipelines are the ones that require more consumption of RAM and for this reason we preferred to choose one of the other pipelines as the default option, as they can also be launched on a normal PC. edgeR and DESeq2 have very similar results both for time and for RAM peak and for sensitivity and specificity, but edgeR proves slightly higher in the differential analysis."}
+{"id": "086087", "text": "We also observed a similar enrichment of PRC2 targets among genes with promoter hypermethylation in the PyMT mice as well as in human breast cancer. This is very much in consistent with the findings in normal tissue adjacent to breast cancer exhibiting DNA methylation alterations, which are also associated with PRC2 targets. Previously, cancer specific promoter DNA hypermethylation acossicated with Polycomb targets was observed. In our study, we extended the observations to early stage lesions. It has been found that DNA methylation affects Polycomb target genes prior to cervical neoplastic transformation, and such risk can be predicted. Recently, another study also found genes with promoter methylation alterations starting in early stage of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were enriched in PRC2 targets."}
+{"id": "086108", "text": "Genome-wide estimates of each patient’s unique mosaic of ancestral backgrounds mediated the effects of all studied antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs on a wide range of efficacy and toxicity outcomes. This evidence is convincing not only as a result of the remarkably pervasive associations seen in Figure 1, but also because of the quality and size of the psychiatric clinical trial samples analyzed."}
+{"id": "086177", "text": "Nevertheless, since we introduced qPCR as a new approach to support early diagnosis during screening of contacts with skin or neurological lesions it is still necessary for independent replication of our findings. The routine practice after introduction of qPCR was effective in our clinic. Indeed, a systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that PCR has good accuracy, although studies are highly heterogeneous suggesting that large multicentric studies using good manufacturing practices products for diagnostic purposes should be used for validation of the present data."}
+{"id": "086592", "text": "Local breeds are being recognized as an important way forward to economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable animal production in both developed and developing countries. Likewise, they provide a basis for future studies on diversity, domestication and positional cloning of interesting genes and traits segregating in the breeds. Such rare local breeds demonstrate phenotypes implying that they retained adaptive and selected alleles to thrive in alpine environments with harsh climate conditions that will likely become more widespread as global temperatures continue to rise. Therefore, scientific research on genetic diversity and adaptive traits of rare local breeds is important for conservation and breeding programs."}
+{"id": "086619", "text": "We found several examples where the circRNA isoform is highly expressed, while the linear mRNA isoform is not expressed or expressed at very low levels. One example is DNAJC6, a neuronal protein where the mRNA, in our data and in previous studies, is expressed exclusively in the brain. Here we show for the first time that its circRNA isoform is expressed at high levels in blood, and also detectable in serum. These results support a possible role of circRNAs as stable tissue-specific biomarkers accessible in serum. The findings also highlight the efficiency and feasibility of our circRNA panel to facilitate the analysis of a large number of such samples to further evaluate and test the hypothesis that circRNA could represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment."}
+{"id": "086653", "text": "A specific association with TFAP2E hypermethylation and BRAF mutation which in all stages is associated with the hypermethylator phenotype was not made in either of these studies. It has recently been described [5] that transcriptional control of gene expression via promoter methylation is a more complex process that previously understood. In fact, hypomethylation within CpG shore regions as well as hypermethylation, can cause decreased expression of a gene. Vanderkraats et al [5] demonstrated patterns of adjacent short stretches of hypermethylation followed by hypomethylation downstream of the transcription start site of a gene were the most strongly linked correlates with reduction of expression of genes."}
+{"id": "086677", "text": "The MeDIP-Seq protocol identifies the differential DNA region (DMR) but does not identify the CpG level changes in DNA methylation. A preliminary analysis using bisulfite sequencing was used to examine a selected DMR for CpG level changes and help validate the MeDIP-Seq analysis. Since it is not possible to predict specific CpG methylation changes, a bisulfite-Seq analysis was performed. Due to sample availability and prohibitive cost, a minimal read depth was used. A selected DMR in a repetitive element was used that did provide the required read depth needed. The genomic DNA was bisulfite treated and analyzed with approximately 200 million reads sequenced for all samples combined. Sequencing reads mapping to this DMR were extracted and remapped to a single element of the repeat using Bowtie2. A single DMR containing multiple adjacent sites within a repetitive element on chromosome 3 was selected for analysis. The CpG sites with greater than 100 reads on chromosome 3 were selected and used to identify the bisulfite C to T conversion for a number of DMR CpG sites, as shown in S3A Fig. The C to T conversion rate and percent methylation for the CpG sites are presented and show a difference between the control and chemotherapy samples, S3B Fig. These changes between the chemotherapy and control samples help validate the MeDIP-Seq detection of this DMR."}
+{"id": "086778", "text": "Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on each variable in order to assess the mean effects of sex and zygosity and their interaction on each variable. All scores were corrected for age at time of testing and standardized using the standardized residuals from a regression on age. Tables 3–8 present means and standard deviations and the results of ANOVAs for all measures. These data are corrected for age at time of assessment and standardized to facilitate comparisons between groups; standardized data corrected for age and sex are used in our genetic analyses for reasons explained later (unstandardized means and standard deviations are included in Appendix D)."}
+{"id": "086789", "text": "Although we have gained insight into some of the key species of this evolving family of RNA, a vast majority of information is yet to be discovered. The field is currently innovating to overcome the several challenges in developing ncRNA-based therapeutics and diagnostics. It is important to acknowledge that bioengineering of ncRNAs is a relatively young field that needs extensive investigation. The feasibility of chemical modifications, genetic engineering approaches, compatibility of biopolymers, and oligonucleotide biochemistry are some of the key domains that can be advanced by the introduction of interdisciplinary approaches. Considering an example better and improved delivery modalities such as polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid or polymers with improved retention, biocompatibility and low degradability and low immunogenicity must be tested using disease relevant in vivo models. Another major problem for CNS therapeutics is the site or region-specific delivery of candidate ncRNAs such as, miRNAs to specific diseased sites in the brain. The development of effective miRNA delivery systems is vital as the delivery vehicle must allow miRNAs to cross the blood–brain barrier, which remains a major hurdle in neurodegenerative and neurovascular therapeutics. As miRNAs are easily degradable, the delivery and engineering systems can also be innovated to stabilize and extend the life of the miRNAs. Moreover, host cell endocytosis mechanisms must be exploited to improve the barrier permeability of engineered anti-sense oligos, small RNA mimics or delivery cargos. Similarly, lncRNAs can be investigated for their therapeutic prospects given their direct role in chromatin modifications as well as their direct impact in messenger RNA stabilization and post-transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, it is debated that using ncRNAs as a therapeutic modality may be a double-edged sword due to their multifaceted biological function and pleiotropic properties. Hence, effective methods of bioengineering ncRNAs are postulated as the future to improve our understanding on the therapeutic efficacy and feasibility of ncRNAs for neurological as well as related disorders. Often in vitro investigation provides clear cut results however are far from physiological relevance in contrast with in vivo approaches that are complex and include species variations and challenges in replication disease etiopathologies. Overall, given the tremendous advances have been made in nucleic acid modifications and delivery systems individually based on specific RNA species, a successful translation will require the integration of interdisciplinary expertise to improve the therapeutic index and feasibility of ncRNAs for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases."}
+{"id": "086859", "text": "Our data provides a more robust prediction of the relative influence of genetic effects such as hair color on BMI. Future studies may contribute to identifying more association between genes involved in hair pigmentation and BMI variation."}
+{"id": "086889", "text": "One of the main hurdles to translate findings from GWAS studies into biology is that the vast majority of GWAS risk loci are located in non-coding or poorly annotated regions making the interpretation of their role in disease etiology challenging. eQTL analysis has emerged as an important tool to help understanding the molecular consequences of human variation but has mostly focused on genotypes from microarrays containing tagging SNPs and expression data have been mostly generated for protein-coding genes. By performing eQTL analysis on CAGEseq expression data obtained from a series of human postmortem frontal lobe samples, in combination with genome wide array based genotyping, exome sequencing, and variants derived from CAGEseq, we have generated a rich resource for researchers to mine. Overlapping eQTLs with GWAS loci made it possible to create new hypotheses for increased risk of disease via molecular effects, but further confirmation is needed with additional statistical tests and experimental follow-ups. Our data contain both coding and non-coding transcripts and has the added value that we have identified eQTLs for variants directly adjacent to TSS. We demonstrated that these have a high likelihood of being causal variants, which will be an important tool to understand what the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic risk loci are."}
+{"id": "087033", "text": "In summary it is evident that epigenetic mechanisms play a vital role in the orchestration and regulation of gene expression, thereby offering the translational potential of therapeutic intervention in many medical fields. The remainder of this review will focus on the use of epigenetic therapeutics within inflammation and repair specifically in relation to the tooth and the dental pulp."}
+{"id": "087049", "text": "The improved sensitivity of this approach compared to previous methods allowed us to identify thousands of previously unreported circular isoforms and some very small circular RNAs, exemplified by a <150 nt circular RNA isoform ABTB1 resulting from the splicing of two short exons. Other small circular isoforms that we identified and confirmed include a 204 nt circular isoform from a single exon of LINC00340 - a long intergenic noncoding RNA, and a two exon circle of 151 nt from the RNA binding motif gene RBM5."}
+{"id": "087057", "text": "Consistent with the presence of endogenous maintenance DNA replication in HEK293 cells, the methylation patterns observed at each region were mostly symmetrical between the two DNA strands. As shown in Figure 1C, a strong correlation of methylation efficiencies is observed across the two strands of the pBR region. This observation has implications for our ability to properly identify and score the flanking sequences of high and low methylation sites. Indeed, the presence of a methylation hotspot on one strand should lead to the observation of a high methylation site on the other strand due to maintenance methylation. Therefore, some sites that appear as methylation hotspots may not directly correspond to a hotspot but may be located across a hotspot on the other strand. In contrast, this predicts that methylation coldspots should correspond to low methylation efficiency sites on both DNA strands, as observed."}
+{"id": "087143", "text": "In summary, this study comprehensively profiled human drug target variability on an unprecedented scale and highlights the importance of drug target variability for personalized medicine. Our results demonstrate that integration of population-scale genomic data and structural target information can flag variants with important effects on drug pharmacodynamics and inform personalized prescribing and targeted drug development for carriers of variants resistant to conventional treatment."}
+{"id": "087262", "text": "The unique maternal inheritance and multi-copy presence of the mitochondrial genome and the clinical heterogeneity associated with mitochondrial disorders make mitochondrial disorders a remarkably complex group of diseases. Although some syndromic presentations have been associated with specific genetic alterations, the genotype–phenotype relationship in mitochondrial disorders is particularly complex because a single mutation can cause several different clinical syndromes, while each syndrome can be caused by different genetic alterations."}
+{"id": "087294", "text": "Methylation systems have been conserved during the divergence of plants and animals, although they are regulated by different pathways and enzymes. However, studies on the interactions of the epigenomes among evolutionarily distant organisms are lacking. To address this, we studied the epigenetic modification and gene expression of plant chromosome fragments (~30 Mb) in a human–Arabidopsis hybrid cell line. The whole-genome bisulfite sequencing results demonstrated that recombinant Arabidopsis DNA could retain its plant CG methylation levels even without functional plant methyltransferases, indicating that plant DNA methylation states can be maintained even in a different genomic background. The differential methylation analysis showed that the Arabidopsis DNA was undermethylated in the centromeric region and repetitive elements. Several Arabidopsis genes were still expressed, whereas the expression patterns were not related to the gene function. We concluded that the plant DNA did not maintain the original plant epigenomic landscapes and was under the control of the human genome. This study showed how two diverging genomes can coexist and provided insights into epigenetic modifications and their impact on the regulation of gene expressions between plant and animal genomes."}
+{"id": "087352", "text": "The relationship between lncRNAs and miRNAs is complex and intricate. Previous studies have suggested that lncRNAs might enhance pri-miRNA processing or serve as precursors for miRNAs."}
+{"id": "087424", "text": "Understanding the molecular events that initiate and maintain epigenetic gene silencing in the early stages of HCV-associated fibrosis could help in the development of strategies to reverse the silencing process for the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis and HCC."}
+{"id": "087549", "text": "The genomic results using a low-density SNP chip panel showed critical inbreeding levels in smaller local populations. Cosmopolitan breeds showed lower genetic variability but also negligible inbreeding levels, demonstrating the soundness of the ongoing breeding scheme. The population structure and genetic distances highlighted a clear separation among the breeds, with clusters related to productive purposes and sample sizes. The results obtained in this study represent a useful tool for preserving biodiversity, proving background information for the correct genetic management and conservation for the described populations."}
+{"id": "087731", "text": "In summary, the results obtained from the analysis of DUSP1 promoter methylation and gene expression levels argue for an impact of DUSP1 promoter SNPs on gene expression possibly mediated through alterations in specific CpG sites methylation levels. Combined with the associations identified here between SNPs and cardiometabolic risk factors, these results provide a potential novel contributor to the modulation of plasma glucose and HDL-C levels in obese patients. It would be interesting to identify pathways mediating the impact of DUSP1 SNPs and to investigate how epigenetic differences at the human DUSP1 locus relate to the large-interindividual variability observed in metabolic complications among obese individuals."}
+{"id": "087774", "text": "Family correlations of components of the multiple metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Heart Study and Offspring Study were consistent across outcomes and across cohorts. This was supportive of a genetic model to explain levels of these component characteristics. Segregation and linkage analyses may further our understanding of the genetic nature of each component. The clustering of these components has been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes. Genes common to each of the components might also be responsible for these complex diseases."}
+{"id": "087807", "text": "Under the assumption of the linkage phases being different across populations, we identified a total of 15 chromosomal regions significantly associated with the measured traits. Those loci replicated all of the loci identified by the single-population analysis except the locus associated with the ulna length at the proximal end of SSC3. Four loci were found to be associated with limb bone lengths for the first time, which were the locus at the distal end of SSC8 for the lengths of humerus and ulna, the locus at the distal end of SSC13 for scapula length, the locus at the proximal end of SSC17 and the locus in the middle of SSC18 for the lengths of femur and tibia. We also performed a meta analysis across the 3 pure breeds, and the results were similar to those across 4 populations except that the loci’s significant levels were slightly low [see Additional file 8]."}
+{"id": "087819", "text": "There are several challenges that epigenetic epidemiological studies have to address to elucidate fully the role of epigenetics in susceptibility or protection to malaria. One of these challenges is to understand how the parasite alters the host immune responses by exerting a strong selective pressure on population genetics in endemic regions. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the chromatin and DNA methylation changes are topics of scientific interest. Such studies will generate more evidence in the role of epigenetics in the acquisition of protective immunity against infectious disease such as malaria. As we gain insight into the functional significance of changes in DNA methylation events and other epigenetic mechanisms, there will be a push to manipulate these processes, as tools and strategies to develop vaccines and target for therapeutic discoveries."}
+{"id": "087835", "text": "Here, we combine acute and stable genetic ablations of methylating and demethylating enzymes with high-coverage quantitative measurements of dynamic DNA methylation over time. Dynamical modeling of the resulting datasets enables us to infer actual rates of methylation and demethylation for individual CpGs at the scale of the genome. Our work not only profiles kinetics of methylation, but also reveals that methylation and demethylation rates are highly context specific, implicating disparate chromatin processes in shaping methylome dynamics in ESCs."}
+{"id": "087839", "text": "In addition, earlier studies which investigated the role of dietary fats in development of hyperlipidemia in T1DM have shown that abnormal lipid profile was common in T1DM children and adolescents who were well-adherent to healthy diet suggesting that other factors including genetics are involved in pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia as a complication that is associated with T1DM. More recent reports have documented that heterozygous mutations in genes encoding lipoprotein lipase are associated with hypertriglyceridemia in newly diagnosed T1DM."}
+{"id": "087858", "text": "In conclusion, we constructed a lncRNA-associated ceRNA network based on the sequencing data and identified lncRNA NEAT1 is an essential fraction in endothelial dysfunction. We found that cyclic stress in the endothelial cells gives rise to inflammatory response and promotes cell apoptosis by downregulating NEAT1 and its related ncRNAs. Our study provided a novel insight into the transcriptional regulation of vein graft failure."}
+{"id": "087870", "text": "No association of alleles of the studied SNPs and SNP of FokI genotypes with leprosy was observed. For the SNP on TaqI region, the relationship between the tt genotype, and for the SNP on ApaI, the AA genotype, were associated with susceptibility to MB form, while Aa genotype with protection. The extended genotypes AaTT and AaTt of ApaI and TaqI regions were associated with protection against MB form. The restricted number of analyzed samples may have contributed to the lack of statistical significance in data analyses. Future studies evaluating the expression of the VDR gene, and the correlation with its SNPs may explain the role of polymorphisms and its influence the immune response in leprosy."}
+{"id": "087899", "text": "We examined patients who diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea using polysomnography in our sleep clinic. All the patient was examined by allergy skin testing and diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Patients were group of OSA with AR. We did Allergic rhinitis medical treatment for 2 weeks before OSA treatment."}
+{"id": "087956", "text": "The samples available for the 50 ethnic groups used in this study were less than the ideal size, and ranged from 6 for the Assamese in India to 288 for the Pathans in Pakistan. Although the sample for each ethnic group revealed key haplogroups, it did not represent a statistically significant distribution for the total population of the ethnic group. Larger samples for these ethnic groups are likely to reveal a few additional haplogroups and provide a more complete picture for each ethnic group."}
+{"id": "087969", "text": "To determine the effect of a maternal vegan diet on pregnancy outcome."}
+{"id": "087988", "text": "In conclusion, this study identifies 20 loci linked to kidney stone formation, seven of which are have not previously been reported to associate with kidney stone disease, and reveals the importance of vitamin D metabolism pathways and enhanced CaSR-signaling in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Our findings suggest that there may be a role for genetic testing to identify individuals in whom vitamin D supplementation should be used with caution and to facilitate a precision-medicine approach for the treatment of recurrent kidney stone disease, whereby targeting of the CaSR-signaling or vitamin D metabolism pathways may be beneficial in the treatment of a subset of patients with nephrolithiasis; further studies are required."}
+{"id": "087992", "text": "DNA methylation is a stable form of epigenetic memory used by cells to control gene expression. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) has emerged as a gold-standard experimental technique for studying DNA methylation by producing high resolution genome-wide methylation profiles. Statistical modeling and analysis is employed to computationally extract and quantify information from these profiles in an effort to identify regions of the genome that demonstrate crucial or aberrant epigenetic behavior. However, the performance of most currently available methods for methylation analysis is hampered by their inability to directly account for statistical dependencies between neighboring methylation sites, thus ignoring significant information available in WGBS reads."}
+{"id": "088023", "text": "In addition, we applied this innovative approach to identify methylation states for array datasets in H1-hESC and GM12878 cell lines. This approach is evaluated by comparing with the result identified by MethylSeekR based on WGBS dataset. We also observed the methylation level distribution of the same methylation states in different cell lines are different. By comparing the expression of genes with promoters in different methylation states, the expression of genes in the UMRs is much higher than that in the FMRs and MMRs. We also observed differences in chromatin status in different methylated regions. These suggest that this novel computational method can avoid setting fixed threshold when identifying methylation states on CpG sites and regions for array datasets effectively and correctly."}
+{"id": "088110", "text": "Dementia is now a global public health priority and will require urgent action to address at both healthcare and societal levels. Defining the molecular mechanisms underlying dementia pathology will be key to developing an effective cure, but this is unlikely to be achieved using classical biological methods that focus only on the role of a select few genes in disease pathogenesis. Researchers now appreciate that neurodegenerative disorders arise from complex interactions between a wide ranges of proteins, and that advanced proteomics technologies will be required to identify and quantify disease-related protein profiles with prognostic value for use in the clinic. As outlined in this review, unbiased, global, discovery-driven approaches such as proteomics are well-suited to uncovering the complex molecular pathology of human proteinopathies such as dementia. State-of-the art quantitative proteomics techniques are now capable of accurately profiling the human brain proteome and dissecting complex vesicular cargoes, leading to a new appreciation that DPMs play critical roles in altering protein function, aggregation and deposition in disease. Translating this recently acquired knowledge into new clinical applications will be a major challenge in the years ahead. Indeed, future studies will need to employ targeted proteomics alongside discovery-based approaches in order to fully elucidate dementia pathology and enable the development of novel therapies for affected patients. Obtaining well-characterized tissues from specific brain regions remains a major barrier to progressing the field, but future advances will also require the implementation of targeted government policies and proteomics funding schemes that can help researchers translate recent technological advances into novel clinical applications."}
+{"id": "088157", "text": "A conceptually straightforward method that provides consistent estimates under the assumption that at least 50% of the genetic variants are valid instruments is the simple median method (8). The median estimate is obtained by first calculating the ratio estimates based on each genetic variant and then taking the median of these estimates. With an infinite sample size, the genetic associations for each valid instrument should lie on a straight line through the origin. The gradient of this line will be the true causal effect and will correspond to the median estimate provided that at least half of the genetic variants are valid instruments (53). With a finite sample size, the simple median estimate still provides a causal estimate that is supported by the majority of the genetic variants. The median estimate is also not sensitive to genetic variants with outlying estimates—a variant contributes in the same way to an analysis regardless of whether its estimate is slightly above the median or far above it. A weighted median method has also been proposed that assigns more weight in the analysis to genetic variants that have more precise ratio estimates (8)."}
+{"id": "088165", "text": "After digitally signing a consent form and responding to basic demographic questions, users completed the same tutorial on personal genomics and comprehension test of pretask material from study 1. Those who failed to answer at least 6 questions correctly were excluded from the analysis. Users were then randomly assigned to one of the 4 experimental conditions in which they were exposed to one of the tools and interacted with it."}
+{"id": "088362", "text": "Finally, circular RNAs are stepping forward into the light of ncRNAs involvement in oral cancer, motivated mainly by the fact that they act as miRNA sponges. A certain type of circRNA can entrap a multitude of oncomiRs and allow the transcription of hundreds of tumor suppressor genes, which is why their future as oncological therapy options seems very promising."}
+{"id": "088501", "text": "We hypothesized that differences in maternal care may lead to changes in DNA methylation and consequently transcriptional differences in the form of differential gene expression or alternative splicing. We found significant changes in gene expression and splicing between individuals raised with a mother and those raised without, and comparatively small changes in DNA methylation. Additionally, we found very little overlap between the changes in DNA methylation and the changes in gene expression or splicing. We hypothesize that the role of DNA methylation is more subtle and nuanced than previously appreciated and may work in concert with other factors to yield context-specific, non-global effects on gene regulation."}
+{"id": "088536", "text": "Individuals with severe mental illness have an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases compared to the general population. Shared risk factors and medication effects explain part of this excess risk; however, there is growing evidence to suggest that shared biology (including genetic variation) is likely to contribute to comorbidity between mental and physical illness. Contactins are a family of genes involved in development of the nervous system and implicated, though genome-wide association studies, in a wide range of psychological, psychiatric and cardiometabolic conditions. Contactins are plausible candidates for shared pathology between mental and physical health. We used data from UK Biobank to systematically assess how genetic variation in contactin genes was associated with a wide range of psychological, psychiatric and cardiometabolic conditions. We also investigated whether associations for cardiometabolic and psychological traits represented the same or distinct signals and how the genetic variation might influence the measured traits. We identified: A novel genetic association between variation in CNTN1 and current smoking; two independent signals in CNTN4 for BMI; and demonstrated that associations between CNTN5 and neuroticism were distinct from those between CNTN5 and blood pressure/HbA1c. There was no evidence that the contactin genes contributed to shared aetiology between physical and mental illness"}
+{"id": "088606", "text": "A comprehensive annotation of lncRNAs is known to require an approach that is sensitive to low and tight tissue-specific expression. Here we show that increased inter-individual expression variability is an additional general lncRNA feature to consider when creating a comprehensive annotation of human lncRNAs or proposing their use as prognostic or disease markers."}
+{"id": "088667", "text": "Our results indicate that the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network may function as a transcriptional regulation factor in endothelial cells under cyclic stretch, and we further identified that lncRNA NEAT1 may be a target for further investigation of mechanisms in endothelial cells; by triggering inflammatory response and inducing apoptosis, NEAT1 may play an integral role in vein graft failure and could be a target for RNAi therapy."}
+{"id": "088714", "text": "We hope this highly curated, transcriptomic informed lncRNA annotation with functional associations via co-expression in A. thaliana becomes a valuable resource to the A. thaliana and the plant lncRNA community. In the future, we want to assess if the functional association relationships between lncRNAs and other RNAs are conserved in different species and how their loss or gain might be associated with the loss or gain of particular traits in this and other plant families."}
+{"id": "088872", "text": "An adequate intake of fluids is regarded as one of the mainstays of treatment for stone disease; [15, 16] a randomized controlled trial on patients at their first episode of idiopathic calcium stone showed that increasing water intake to obtain 2 L of urine per day or more reduced the risk of recurrence at 5 years by about 55%. [17] Despite the proven efficacy of hydration in stone disease, changes in renal papillary density associated with increased water intake have not been investigated before. The results of our study suggest that increased fluid intake is likely to modify the concentration of lithogenic salts in the renal tissue; whether these changes would reflect in an actual reduction in risk of recurrence remains to be elucidated. Our study also highlights the need to include the HU of the renal papillae in future studies investigating interventions for stone prevention."}
+{"id": "088879", "text": "In this paper we demonstrated the use of genetic information from phQTL and pQTL analyses on the one hand and Pearson correlations of phenotypic traits with proteomics data on the other hand. From the QTL analyses, we can identify the map position of the QTLs but associations need not to be from a functional relationship but can also be due to linkage. In correlating phenotypic traits to proteomic data, we find proteins that might be related to the phenotype, but in the absence of genetic information, this correlation could be due to environmental conditions influencing both the phenotypic trait and the protein abundance(s). In some cases however the genetic position and protein position of a particular trait hint to the same chromosomal location and these genes may thus be first candidates to work on in order to prove a connection between trait and pQTL. Combining QTL analysis of protein abundance and of quality traits and correlation analysis among all traits gives us a better understanding about candidate proteins which are linked to the phenotype but also shows which correlations could be due to a genetic association. A similar type of approach was described in the studies of [9, 10, 23] where the authors combined QTL analysis with a prediction of the phenotypes from metabolomics and transcriptomics data using random forest regression."}
+{"id": "088891", "text": "The genetic relationship of Carneddau ponies in relation to other native breeds of the UK and Ireland was revealed by the integrated results of each genetic analysis. The Carneddau ponies have a shared ancestry with the recognized Section A pony yet have remained in relative isolation, subjected to natural selective pressures for a significant period of time. This has been followed by more recent genetic introgression by Section A stallions and round up practices. The genetic impact of human activities, particularly the selective use of stallion crossing upon the pony breeds, are evident in the comparison of the different genetic systems; both more recently in the effect upon SSR frequencies within the Carneddaus and historically in the SNP profile of the Section D cobs. Despite the recent management practices, the Carneddau ponies maintain a distinct genetic signature that should be conserved. Given the restricted geographic distribution and the low numbers of the Carneddau, in order to provide some conservation protection measures, these animals should be classified as a rare pony population at critical extinction status. This study illustrates the relevance and potential power of combining autosomal and maternally transmitted polymorphic assays to unravel genetic structure and relatedness in feral and intensively managed populations. Herein we provide new information and knowledge to support conservation strategies of endangered breeds."}
+{"id": "088926", "text": "In this study, we examined DNA methylation and chromatin divergence at the tens of thousands of loci that have been duplicated across the human genome to investigate the links between the evolution of the genome and epigenome in unprecedented detail. Human embryonic stem cells were used as the primary model in this study, but we validate the results in other cell types and extend our observations to examine the evolution of the human brain epigenome since divergence from chimpanzee. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of DNA sequence, DNA methylation, and chromatin divergence across paralogous sites in the human genome."}
+{"id": "088990", "text": "Different tumor types demonstrate loss of DNA hydroxymethylation and in certain instances this epigenetic event can be attributed to mutations in TET or IDH genes. Although the functional relevance of hmC loss remains to be resolved, studies in melanoma suggest its involvement in tumor progression. Accordingly, low hmC levels were associated with worse survival from melanoma. Thus, in melanoma and other tumor types hmC loss might have diagnostic as well as prognostic significance. Hydroxymethylation mapping of melanoma samples using hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation showed hmC clusters in gene‐rich regions and loss at specific loci. In glioblastoma hmC depletion was shown to be most pronounced at enhancer regions. To understand the functional consequences of aberrant hydroxymethylation and to apply it in the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma, it is essential to obtain precise maps of the distribution of this epigenetic mark. Here we characterized the genomic distribution of hmC and mC in nevus and melanoma using oxidative bisulfite chemistry combined with arrays that simultaneously interrogate hmC and mC at 850000 CpG sites. This methodology is not affected by bias associated with antibody‐based DNA capture methods and provides robust estimates of hmC and mC. We sought to identify differentially hydroxymethylated CpG sites and regions by comparing nevus and melanoma hmC patterns. In addition, we compared the hmC patterns between primary melanoma samples that differ with respect to metastatic behavior. The genomic landscapes of hmC show depletion of hydroxymethylation in melanoma across various intragenic and intergenic regions compared to nevus. The hydroxymethylation patterns show more differences between nevus and melanoma than the methylation patterns, which has potential implications for biomarker discovery."}
+{"id": "089150", "text": "Taking into consideration the role of genetics in the risk of stroke but also the outcome after a stroke, DNA methylation could be associated with the occurrence of stroke, with stroke recurrence and with functional outcome after stroke."}
+{"id": "089287", "text": "These results strongly suggested that intermediately methylated CpG sites exhibit broad reference intervals. No remarkable differences in this regard were observed between the two cell types."}
+{"id": "089288", "text": "As mentioned above, PASA requires that transcripts align to the genome before it can consider them for further analysis. It makes sense to use the genome as a filter for valid transcripts, however this makes the assumption that the genome is complete. Any gaps in the genome that include genes will result in filtering out perfectly valid transcripts."}
+{"id": "089553", "text": "The studied strains showed a range of genetic diversity within HDV clade I. There is clustering of sequences into more than one group, along with formation of potential subgroup within clade I. Clustering shows the genetic closeness of strains and indicates a common origin of spread of HDV infection. Further phylogeny-based studies may provide more information about subgroup formation within clade I and may be used as an effective tool in checking and/or preventing the spread of hepatitis D virus infection in this region."}
+{"id": "089908", "text": "The term epigenetics is used to describe the study of heritable changes in genome function that occur without a change in DNA sequence. This includes; the study of how patterns of gene expression are passed from one cell to its descendants, how gene expression changes during the differentiation of one cell type into another, and how environmental factors can change the way genes are expressed. DNA methylation is one such change, which can turn off the expression of some genes."}
+{"id": "089947", "text": "Integrating multi-layer genomic data has helped to reveal many underlying molecular mechanisms. In particular, identifying roles of bidirectional promoters with cancer-related genes using different genome-scale data can systematically assess genomic mutations and gene expression that are associated with dysfunctional regulations in cells and/or malignant transformation, while combining gene expression and pathway analysis with gene networks using systems biology approaches can help revealing underlying disease mechanisms and link pathways to disrupted gene networks in disease development. The cutting-edge research presented in this BMC Bioinformatics special supplement represents the current development of computational approaches in different bioinformatics studies. Developing approaches to combine the information from different data helps the advances in translational bioinformatics, which ultimately facilitate revealing the landscape of complex disease mechanisms."}
+{"id": "090198", "text": "The metabolomic profiles of patients of Group 1 and Group 3 were compared. The association between metabolic profile and genetic variants was sought by using the loading plots of the metabolic discriminating PLS-DA model for each selected SNP genotype. For more accurate characterization of each metabolite association with the SNPs, we calculated the difference of the relative metabolic levels’ average between Group 1 and Group 3 patterns for each polymorphism normalized to the same differences at global levels, irrespective of genotype. Differences in the 28 metabolite values for each SNP in patients from Group 1 and Group 3 of each genotype were calculated. Finally, the metabolic profile and the most relevant metabolites of each genotype and allele were compared between patients from Group 1 and Group 3. The data were co-variated with respect to age, sex and smoking status. Bonferroni correction was applied in all the analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software."}
+{"id": "090284", "text": "This study showed that an integrative analysis of methylation array and RNA-Seq data can be utilized to discover the global regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation and suggests that DNA methylation plays an important role in normal tissue differentiation via modulation of gene expression."}
+{"id": "090296", "text": "In the supplement we consider simulations with different GWAS sample sizes, different numbers of genetic variants, a varying proportion of genetic variation in the risk factor that is explained by the genetic variants, different proportions of pleiotropic variants and a “mild directional pleiotropy” simulation where not all invalid instruments have pleiotropic effects in the same direction. In the majority of simulations, JAM-MR was able to consistently estimate the causal effect of interest, at the cost of a small reduction in coverage of confidence intervals. Of note was a small deterioration in the algorithm’s performance when both the GWAS sample sizes and the proportion of genetic variation in the risk factor were small. The mode and the contamination mixture remained the best competitors throughout these simulations. We also implemented simulations where either the confounder, risk factor or outcome were not generated from a normal distribution. These simulations suggested that pleiotropic bias was a bigger concern for most methods than violations of normality assumptions."}
+{"id": "090306", "text": "We present evidence that BRD1 transcription is initiated from three alternative promoters that show large differences in activity and might be regulated by DNA methylation. We also find that the schizophrenia-associated C allele of rs138880 not only correlates with slightly reduced BRD1 expression but also with moderately increased DNA methylation in BRD1 promoter regions in both adipose tissue and blood. Interestingly, we find that these risk allele hypermethylated regions undergo changes in methylation during brain development and that these changes correlate well with changes in BRD1 expression. Finally, we demonstrate that commonly used mood stabilizers affect the expression of BRD1 in SH-SY5Y cells, however most likely by mechanisms other than DNA methylation changes in the promoter regions studied."}
+{"id": "090491", "text": "With the progressive global warming and intensified desertification, extreme weather events occur frequently. Since the domesticated sheep breeds in temperate zone have poor environmental tolerance, some of them are endangered, and genetic resources are lost. Understanding the genetic mechanism behind the adaptation to different environments in sheep breeds can help to develop strategies to protect endangered breeds. In this work, we investigated the genetic mechanism of perennial estrus and environmental adaptability of indigenous sheep breeds in Taklimakan Desert by combining genome and transcriptome analysis of five sheep breeds with three different agro-geographical characteristics. This provides a theoretical basis for the development and protection of sheep germplasm resources in extreme desert environments."}
+{"id": "090528", "text": "Though there was little overlap between DEG and DML those that were displayed a good correlation of DNA methylation with differentially expressed genes (promoter increased methylation; reduced gene expression, gene body increased methylation; increased gene expression). There are a number of possibilities as to why correlation between gene expression and DML was poor. DNA methylation is stable so the methylation changes evident may be associated with ancestral gene expression differences. For instance in the study we differentiated MSCs for 21–28 days. There may have been a gene expression changes between day 0 and 7 accompanied by a methylation change. The gene expression could then return back to basal day 0 levels at day 28 when gene expression was measured, but the methylation change remains. Thus a DNA methylation change may not be accompanied by gene expression change as although gene expression did alter, it is not different at the time points measured. Another possibility is that gene enhancers can be located within the gene body of a different gene. Thus a DML within the gene body of gene A may actually be within the enhancer of gene B and so the DML may be associated with a change in gene B but not gene A in which we assessed the effect of the DML on gene A. Finally gene body methylation can be associated with alternative splicing and transcription from alternative/cryptic transcription start site. These may not be have been detected in our RNASeq analysis."}
+{"id": "090533", "text": "We have discussed the presence of aberrancies in mitochondrial genes or mitochondrial enzymes that leads to progressive respiratory and metabolic impairment. In turn, this causes oxidative stress accumulation in the mitochondria. If oxidative stress is uncontrolled, it can lead to exacerbated damage to the mitochondrion and mtDNA can be released through mitophagy or cell apoptosis. mtDNA release triggers an inflammatory and immune response, thus contributing to nerve tissue loss that if undetected or untreated, can lead to the progression of any of the aforementioned maladies."}
+{"id": "090791", "text": "The results of these simulations provide clues as to how to perhaps more effectively search for interacting loci. One possible approach when working with a large dataset would be to combine our approach with logistic regression by running the AMBIENCE algorithm first with an anti-conservative alpha and then testing the combinations obtained using logistic regression models. This would be an improvement upon the computational speed of logistic regression and yield lower false positive rates than using KWII alone. This two stage approach is similar in spirit to that suggested by both Hoh et al.[26] and Marchini et al.[25] in which a liberal alpha is set for testing interactions in stage one in order to find SNPs with small marginal effects but large interaction effects."}
+{"id": "090838", "text": "It is generally accepted that genetic factors play a role in susceptibility to both leprosy per se and leprosy type, but only few studies have tempted to quantify this. Estimating the contribution of genetic factors to clustering of leprosy within families is difficult since these persons often share the same environment. The first aim of this study was to test which correlation structure (genetic, household or spatial) gives the best explanation for the distribution of leprosy patients and seropositive persons and second to quantify the role of genetic factors in the occurrence of leprosy and seropositivity."}
+{"id": "090916", "text": "M4 macrophages are one of the cell types involved in the microbial response to M. leprae and probably are less effective in controlling bacillus replication, contributing to the evolution to the lepromatous form of the disease."}
+{"id": "090989", "text": "Initial exploration of genetic and DNA methylation variance using PCA demonstrated that individuals from each self-reported ethnic group were genetically and epigenetically distinct. Genetic variation estimated from genetic PCA is greater in South Asian compared to European individuals in SABRE and BiB. This is expected since South Asian individuals in these two cohorts have a recent migration history from a large geographical area into the UK. Methylation PCA analysis also separated self-reported ethnicities but this was less distinct than for genetic data."}
+{"id": "090994", "text": "The genetic diversity indices showed a moderate level of genetic diversity in Tunisian Barbarine and low inbreeding. ROH analysis identified ROH islands linked to important distinctive traits such as the fat tail and its metabolism. The genomic relationship analysis underscored the close genetic proximity between Tunisian Barbarine and related thin-tailed breeds such as Queue fine de l’Ouest or Algerian Ouled Djellal, suggesting potential crossbreeding impacts."}
+{"id": "091104", "text": "DNA methylation is a major form of epigenetic modification and plays essential roles in physiology and disease processes. In the human genome, about 80% of cytosines in the 56 million CpG sites are methylated to 5-methylcytosines. The methylation pattern of DNA is highly variable among cells types and developmental stages and influenced by disease processes and genetic factors, which brings considerable theoretical and technological challenges for its comprehensive mapping. Recently various high-throughput approaches based on bisulfite conversion combined with next generation sequencing have been developed and applied for the genome wide analysis of DNA methylation. These methods provide single base pair resolution, quantitative DNA methylation data with genome wide coverage. We review these methods here and discuss some technical points of special interest like the sequence depth necessary to reach conclusions, the identification of clonal DNA amplification after bisulfite conversion and the detection of non-CpG methylation. Future application of these methods will greatly facilitate the profiling of the DNA methylation in the genomes of different species, individuals and cell types under healthy and disease states."}
+{"id": "091456", "text": "Limited sample size may also pose a specific problem for only one or some of the sample groups in clinical proteomics studies: in rare diseases the number of patients might be extremely limited but also healthy donor material might be scarce for a multitude of reasons. The sample cohort may therefore consist of what is called unbalanced or imbalanced data, in which e.g., the patient group is the minority case and the control group the majority case. Common classifier algorithms for biomarker discovery expect balanced class distributions [28]. When this is not the case the algorithm fails to represent the distributive character of the data which leads to samples of the minority class being classified in the majority class, decreasing the real classification performance."}
+{"id": "091478", "text": "Our results show that geographical isolation and founder effect are the main drivers of subpopulation differentiation among Italian Greyhounds and Shetland Sheepdogs, whereas selection for show and sports or working lineages explained the genetic structure among English Greyhounds and Labrador Retrievers. The genotyping analysis could also detect the predicted breed type structure in Belgian Shepherds and revealed unexpected, relatively recent split in the Finnish Lapphund population due to breeder preferences. Our study exemplifies the use of genetic data in detecting population structure among dogs to identify and measure the degree of subpopulation differentiation. The findings could be then applied in breeding programs to facilitate gene flow between isolated subpopulations, as well as to raise awareness of practices that are potentially harmful for the maintenance of genetic diversity within a breed. Responsible dog breeding requires careful balancing between the selection for the desired traits and health, while avoiding excess loss of genetic diversity due to drift."}
+{"id": "091508", "text": "The objective of this study was to firstly identify the different haplotypes of P. gossypiella, major pest of cotton and secondly to see its distribution in the different agro-ecological zones and in the sampled localities of India in light of its occurrence and resistance development to Bt cotton. After a careful alignment of the 214 COI mitochondrial gene sequences, we have investigated the genetic diversity and structure of 214 individuals of 44 populations sampled throughout their main area of distribution in India. The mitochondrial DNA sequence region was used in this study because it is more prone to genetic drift than nuclear markers and because of the smaller effective population size and maternal gene flow."}
+{"id": "091565", "text": "Genetic diversity has been investigated in Italian Heavy Draught horse (IHDH) using both a traditional and a genomic-based approach. The combined use of approaches has allowed depicting the complex history of the IHDH population, in which the progressive increase in inbreeding was counteracted by an increase in genetic variability when the population base was enlarged, also thanks to the contribution of French Breton stallions. A complex framework of the population structure was observed, with two subpopulations recognizable, which was likely to be due to breeding practices including the different use of French stallions to support the genetic variability in the breed. Some highly selected genomic regions were found and related to disease resistance, which was not specific for the two subpopulations. The population history and structure of IHDH has shown that despite the pretty small population size, genetic variability is still high in the breed, which does not yet require specific conservations programs."}
+{"id": "091594", "text": "The research results also indicate that there is gene flow among the various populations of the species, and no distinct population structure has formed, which may be due to migration. Moreover, populations in some regions, as well as the overall population, show signs of a possible genetic bottleneck, which we speculate may have been caused by climate change."}
+{"id": "091600", "text": "Modifications of histone proteins are key epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression and chromatin structure, and are both introduced and removed by specific enzymes. Histone modifications control accessibility of genomic DNA present in chromatin. Such covalent modifications of histone tails as acetylation and phosphorylation have a positive impact on the gene expression, as they lead to the loosening of chromatin structure. By contrast, other modifications may play a repressive role due to restriction of access to the DNA in regulatory sequences for various transcription factors and other regulators. These histone modifications play an important role in cancer development and progression."}
+{"id": "091606", "text": "We demonstrate that systematic application of cis-pQTLs to large-scale genetic studies of human diseases can 1) guide causal gene annotation at GWAS loci (e.g., DKKL1 for multiple sclerosis), 2) identify pathways that link genes to diseases guided by a protein-phenotype network, and 3) complement gene-burden testing of rare variants to discover novel biology."}
+{"id": "091640", "text": "The authors have developed a field sampling method for obtaining high-quality DNA from sunfish (Lepomis) and other freshwater fish that employs a variation on the buccal swab method and results in the collection of DNA suitable for PCR amplification and polymorphism analysis. Additionally, since the circumstances of storage are always a concern for field biologists, the authors have tested the potential storage conditions of swabbed samples and whether those conditions affect DNA extraction and PCR amplification. It was found that samples stored at room temperature in the dark for over 200 days could still yield DNA suitable for PCR amplification and polymorphism detection."}
+{"id": "091648", "text": "Single copy loci include genes required for cell function and survival and can give rise to ncRNAs that regulate higher order chromatin structure and positioning (Figure 1). ncRNAs and their active transcription can mediate chromatin looping to bring distant DNA regions into close proximity and reposition genetic loci to regulate their expression. Nuclear bodies, such as Cajal bodies and paraspeckles, are formed by ncRNA transcription and can regulate the localization or sequestration of transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, ncRNAs play roles in organismal development by regulating the subnuclear positioning and transcriptional status of the X chromosome, HOX genes and Kcnq1 genes. In this section we discuss roles for ncRNAs and their transcription in the control of spatial gene positioning, chromatin remodeling and nuclear compartmentalization."}
+{"id": "092056", "text": "The second statistic that aids interpretation of longitudinal or multivariate genetic results is the genetic correlation. Bivariate heritability indexes the genetic contribution to the phenotypic correlation; the genetic correlation represents the extent to which genetic influences at one age correlate with genetic influences at the other age regardless of their heritability. Genetic correlations are particularly useful in relation to molecular genetics because they can be thought about as the probability that a gene associated with one trait or age will also be associated with the other trait or age. Shared environment correlations and nonshared environment correlations can be conceptualized similarly, and the full set of correlations are called ACE correlations (see Chapter II for details)."}
+{"id": "092105", "text": "The collective effort in circRNA detection using either custom or published pipelines has created the need for a comprehensive database that easily summarizes published events that were predicted, detected or validated."}
+{"id": "092140", "text": "Runs of Homozygosity analysis find genomic regions linked to important traits, including fat tail characteristics."}
+{"id": "092270", "text": "The time in utero represents a critical period of development, which may be particularly vulnerable to maternal stress. During this time, it is plausible the fetus is directly susceptible to the biological effects of maternal stress owing to its reliance on the maternal blood supply via the placenta. Epigenetics are mitotically heritable changes to gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying genetic sequence. These changes in gene expression may provide some clues about the mechanisms through which maternal adversity embeds itself into an individual and her offspring. A recent review of maternal prenatal stress and infant DNA methylation identified several candidate genes implicated in the maternal central stress response that may be critical in driving phenotype changes for offspring.4 However, recent evidence also suggests that perhaps the placenta may buffer the effects of the maternal stress response.5"}
+{"id": "092380", "text": "The K value = 7 showed that SOR and SJ sheep share the same genome (same color), which may be the reason why SOR is crossed with SJ, so there are examples in selected samples. It also shows that BAR and LJ have a part of the genome that is recognized in SOR and SJ sheep. This may be due to crossbreeding with SJ sheep but also to the common gene shared by these breeds. This result is probably due to shared ancestry and also due to gene flow between the populations that are reared in close geographic areas. In general, these analyses confirm the wide distribution of the genome of the Jezeropivska and Sjenicka breeds, which is the actual situation."}
+{"id": "092643", "text": "Cytosine methylation is the most prevalent modification of DNA. In canonical DNA methylation, methyl groups are added to position 5 of the pyramidine ring of deoxycytosine within the context of a CpG dinucleotide. The methylation status of CpG dinucleotides is not uniform among individual genes; rather, CpGs show position‐specific variation in methylation. While the DNA regions proximal to TSSs of genes that are permissive for transcription tend to be depleted of DNA methylation, the areas flanking the TSS may display a greater degree of variation in methylation 24. At genes displaying a greater concentration of CpG dinucleotides around their TSSs (CpG islands) the tendency is for CpG dinucleotides at the flanks (or shores and shelves) of the islands to show most variation in methylation status in distinct cell populations. Genes that are epigenetically silenced may have promoters that are either enriched for methylated cytosines at TSSs or at CpG island shores."}
+{"id": "092695", "text": "In summary, the genetic composition of barley landraces indicates a genetic contribution from multiple wild progenitor populations that in turn must reflect the pattern of initial domestication and later patterns of trade and migration of early agriculturalists along the axes of Europe, Africa, and Asia. Although multiple populations contribute to the genetic composition of the cultigen, the contribution from the broad geographic range of wild barley populations also varies across the genome as well as across landrace populations. The clear contribution from proximate wild populations, at specific genomic regions, raises the intriguing possibility of adaptive contributions based on regional and local environments."}
+{"id": "092744", "text": "One strategy to reduce some of these biases is to use genetic variants to develop an instrument to assess the association between DNA methylation and PrCa. Such an approach is based on the principle of the random assortment of alleles from parents to offspring during gamete formation, and thus a genetically determined proportion of DNA methylation levels should be less susceptible to selection bias and reverse causation in principal. Research has shown that a large portion of CpG sites have high heritability. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also identified a large number of genetic loci associated with DNA methylation levels. Many of these genetic variants could potentially serve as strong instrumental variables for evaluating associations between DNA methylation and PrCa risk in an adequately powered study."}
+{"id": "092810", "text": "There are several limitations to this work. We rely on the assumption that all genetic variants included in our analyses are valid IVs. The IV assumptions may be violated by including genetic variants that are associated with the outcome independently of the risk factors. This violation would result in biased estimates, and could potentially lead to incorrect inferences on the presence of an interaction effect. Our recommendations rely on simulated data. Different choices for the parameters included in the simulation studies may have resulted in different conclusions. However, our findings were robust to different choices of parameters considered in this paper, they correspond to what we know about the theoretical properties of estimators, and similar conclusions were observed from the applied analysis. We have only considered interactions on an additive scale, although interactions could be considered on a multiplicative scale by log-transforming the outcome. Finally, we have not considered the impact of model misspecification on estimates. It would not be possible to perform simulation studies corresponding to all possible ways that model misspecification could occur, meaning that our recommendations cannot be proven to be optimal in all settings. We believe that we have chosen parameters and scenarios that are relevant to modern Mendelian randomization analyses."}
+{"id": "092982", "text": "The term epigenetics refers to heritable and stable changes in the DNA sequence that affect phenotype by alteration at the expression of a gene, that do not involve changes at DNA sequence. 9 In human embryonic development, epigenetic alterations are responsible for the determination of cell fate that leads to differentiation of the cells into distinct functions. DNA methylation is one of the important processes in human embryonic development. Addition of methyl groups to the DNA sequences leads to silencing of gene expression and acts as a restriction barrier at different stages in mammalian development. These methylation marks, in other words, will be annihilated at different phases of development when developmental potency needs to be altered. At the beginning of the process, maternal and paternal pronuclei are hypermethylated. Epigenetic barriers are demolished first time right after the fertilization for determination of the cell function, for which it is responsible in the future, and for changing totipotency. Demethylation occurs in two stages. The first annihilation procedure takes place at paternal pronucleus and drives it in the rapid demethylation process. This is followed by loss of methylation patterns at maternal pronucleus in the developing preimplantation embryo. Subsequently, DNA methylation patterns are constituted again when the developing embryo is at the blastocyst stage. This process gives rise to the formation of epiblast, which is developmentally constricted. PGCs inherit the DNA methylation patterns of the developmentally restricted epiblast cells. Abstersion of the methylation marks takes place again after the generation of the PGCs and occurs at an extensive level for the reconstruction of potency level, which is called global scale demethylation. 10 11 Different studies suggest that ART is involved in the manipulation of embryonic development by gamete stimulation. Also, these manipulations affect gene expression by alteration in the epigenetic controlling mechanisms."}
+{"id": "093064", "text": "To preserve endemic taxa, the genetic diversity and structure of local populations must first be investigated. Conservation genetics provides a theoretical framework of the appropriate methodologies to reveal differences between taxa, populations and historical data. The use of mitochondrial and nuclear markers in population genetics is advisable due to the different inheritance mechanisms of these genomes, especially in haplodiploid species like bees that can show a strong mitochondrial bias in introgression rates."}
+{"id": "093129", "text": "In this paper, we attempted a systematic, genome-wide search for regions showing significant evidence of differentiation between north and south Indians. To this end, we compared the genome-wide data from the two public databases of the International HapMap Project and the Singapore Genome Variation Project. The HapMap project surveyed 88 Gujarati Indians from Houston while the SGVP included 83 Indians with ancestry primarily from the south of India. We observed that the genetic distance between the two Indian groups was comparable to that between north-western Europeans and southern Europeans, but was further apart than northern and southern Han Chinese. The genetic dissimilarity between north and south Indians were discernible in the PCA and structure analyses, and eight genomic regions were identified in our analyses to exhibit significant evidence of genetic differentiation between the two groups of Indians."}
+{"id": "093138", "text": "Overall, the approach presented here represents a promising new approach to uncover previously unidentified SSV genes which could represent highly promising targets for the development of treatments with a high-level of cancer specificity and low normal cell toxicity."}
+{"id": "093154", "text": "The assignment of DNA samples to coarse population groups can be a useful but difficult task. One such example is the inference of coarse ethnic groupings for forensic applications. Ethnicity plays an important role in forensic investigation and can be inferred with the help of genetic markers. Being maternally inherited, of high copy number, and robust persistence in degraded samples, mitochondrial DNA may be useful for inferring coarse ethnicity. In this study, we compare the performance of methods for inferring ethnicity from the sequence of the hypervariable region of the mitochondrial genome."}
+{"id": "093162", "text": "Our software and method allow Y profile evidence to be quantified in a way that is valid and directly interpretable to courts."}
+{"id": "093186", "text": "Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability worldwide. The disability after stroke is usually caused by the permanent loss of infarcted tissue. Recently, clinical treatments have improved in the acute time window, such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy to rescue the penumbra area after ischemia, but therapeutics during repair phase is still limited to physical rehabilitation, disability remains one of the key challenges to recovery from stroke."}
+{"id": "093217", "text": "Patients developing HT within 48 hours were labelled as early and those detected beyond 48 hours were labelled as late HT."}
+{"id": "093349", "text": "higher baseline glycemia, lower baseline ASPECTS scores, more carotid and tandem occlusions, and higher\nNIHSS scores at admission and after 24 h"}
+{"id": "093570", "text": "After collecting DA neurons using FACS, samples were processed using mRNA and miRNA microarrays in order to find the differential expression profiles of DA neurons after perinatal exposure to nicotine. The transcriptome and miRNome were then used to identify potential points of regulation and enriched pathways following perinatal nicotine exposure in VTA DA neurons."}
+{"id": "093902", "text": "To promote compliance to new healthcare practice policies, a committed leadership team is needed to address issues and recommend effective solutions. Training and educating new staff on DCC is another essential step in maintaining a consistent, safe, and effective approach to DCC. Finally, high quality communication between delivery and stabilization teams is paramount for DCC to be successful. The most common comment by obstetrical providers surveyed at UW was that a reminder to perform DCC would be helpful either at a morning huddle discussing potential deliveries or at a “time out” prior to a delivery. A brief conversation prior to delivery and a post-delivery debrief may help achieve the goal of augmenting placental transfusion at the benefit of the preterm newborn."}
+{"id": "093964", "text": "Another factor that was found to be associated with high HFMD case numbers in DCCs in northern Thailand was the sanitary limitations in restrooms. The DCCs with few or limited numbers of sinks in restrooms exhibited high HFMD case numbers. This result might be due to the face that DCCs with no sinks or limited sinks available tend to limit handwashing among the children. As a result, HFMD outbreaks could increase due to irregular hand washing among children in the DCCs. Several studies [34–36] have reported that hand washing is a major behavior performed by children that can be used to predict HFMD epidemics in DCCs, with children who are less engaged in hand washing being associated with more HFMD cases."}
+{"id": "093972", "text": "AD patients performed more complementary behaviors than ECs. The overuse of IM, hesitation, and RBs in the former may be associated with the presence of goalsubgoal conflict resolution difficulties. This lack of planning is based on the fact that an early incorrect move can make the problem virtually unsolvable, thereby requiring a step back and a new plan on how to achieve the correct solution. These high scores suggest difficulties in mentally storing and manipulating information over short periods, and may additionally be associated with the use of trial and error."}
+{"id": "094051", "text": "Although the exact cause of schizophrenia remains unknown, people who inherit certain variations in genes are thought to be at higher risk. Scientists have been trying to get a handle on which genes are involved. They hope that this will help them understand the disease better and eventually lead to treatments and maybe even prevention. So far, a number of genes have been implicated, but it is important to confirm such findings, and to find out what the genes actually do that could lead to abnormalities in the brain."}
+{"id": "094125", "text": "Different treatments are administrated in IS patients depending on the stroke stage and etiological stroke subtype. Currently, in the acute phase, only thrombolytic drugs, mostly recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA), are administrated [115]. Once the acute phase has passed, the secondary treatment is primordial [115] given that patients with a first stroke have twice the risk of suffering a new recurrent stroke [116]."}
+{"id": "094131", "text": "The research reviewed in the current paper reveals that the Aß peptide is involved in the protection and repair of the central nervous system. Aß regulates synaptic function and contributes to memory consolidation; it may also protect from some forms of cancer and aid recovery from TBI. There is solid evidence that pathogens or a breach in the BBB trigger soluble Aß to aggregate into insoluble deposits in order to intercept the pathogen or seal the leak. Some of the adverse outcomes associated with clinical trials can be understood from this perspective: a reduction in the capacity to intercept pathogens leads to a higher incidence of infections, while a loss of capacity to seal leaks in the BBB leads to increased numbers of micro-bleeds and brain edema (ARIA). This being the case, targeting the production or removal of Aß earlier in the course of AD is likely to be associated with the same adverse events, except that the longer duration between start of treatment and patient death will increase the likelihood of these adverse events occurring during the lifetime of the patient and may reduce the patients' capacity to recover."}
+{"id": "094132", "text": "Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials evaluating mindfulness meditation have shown benefit in chronic pain conditions (positive effects on depression, quality of life and pain symptoms).8 9 Mindfulness is a form of meditation where the client attempts to maintain attention on the present moment, for example by focusing their attention on their breathing. Whenever attention wanders from the present moment to thoughts and feelings, the client will simply take notice of them and let them go as attention is returned to the present. There is an emphasis on simply taking notice of whatever the mind happens to wander to and accepting each object without making judgements about it or elaborating on its implications additional meaning or need for action. The client is further encouraged to use the same general approach outside of their formal meditation practice, bringing awareness back to the here and now, whenever they notice a general lack of awareness or they notice that attention has become focused on streams of thoughts and worries.10 So far no randomised controlled trials of mindfulness meditation exist in chronic pelvic pain in women, but results from uncontrolled studies comparing pretreatment and post-treatment outcomes have suggested there may be a benefit (such as increased ability to control pain, improvements in mental health, emotional well-being, work and family life and social functioning).11 12"}
+{"id": "094526", "text": "Tracer enrichment in parasagittal dura is furthermore conflicting evidence against a recent animal study, where basal meningeal lymphatic vessels were proposed being more important than dorsal (parasinusoidal) lymphatic vessels for CSF molecular uptake and transport due to their closer proximity to the subarachnoid space in areas with a much thinner dural layer. Even though we also observed signs of lymphatic drainage through basal neuroforamina, the observations do not strengthen the hypothesis that the importance of molecular drainage toward parasagittal structures is inferior to basal outflow. The very thin, linear structures of tracer enhancement we observed below the scull base, and our image resolution with voxel size 1 mm, did not allow us to quantify the relative importance between parasagittal and basal outflow pathways. While our study corroborates findings from animal studies by showing that CSF molecular outflow through skull base foramina occurs also in humans, the presumed importance of the transnasal lymphatic route requires further exploration in humans. In this study, signs of tracer enhancement below the cribriform plate could be visually confirmed in only 2/18 patients. The olfactory system is indeed of proportionally much lesser size in humans than in rodents, potentially suggesting this molecular clearance route is of less importance, at least relative to clearance toward other cranial nerve outlets at the skull base and the parasagittal dura as corroborated by the current observations."}
+{"id": "094568", "text": "We have developed a nano‐sized EDV loaded plasma exosome as a novel brain targeted drug delivery carrier. A large amount of EXO was easily isolated and collected from plasma. EDV can be effectively loaded into EXO by simple sonification and effectively specifically delivered into the ischemic brain based on transferrin–TfR interaction, thus exerting a significant neuroprotective effects in PMCAO models. These findings indicated that applications of EXO could be a hopeful approach to equip EDV and improve its neuroprotection for ischemic stroke therapy."}
+{"id": "094795", "text": "Considering the history and current developments of mechanical thrombectomy, their impact on the integrity of the saved tissue has not been investigated and thus was the primary aim of the present study. All patients were treated in a single comprehensive stroke center and due to the long-term data acquisition between 2016 and 2018, different procedural techniques were applied for mechanical recanalization. This enables a comparison between these techniques regarding structural consequences within the penumbra. Especially the beginning of BGC usage constitutes an innovation with special improvement of the intraprocedural setup."}
+{"id": "094987", "text": "The emergence of ultra early intravenous thrombolytic therapy technology has achieved a new breakthrough in the effective treatment of acute ischemic cerebral infarction.5 With the development of clinical medicine, the types of thrombolytic drugs are also increasing, and there are some differences in the efficacy of different drugs.6 Alteplase is the representative of the second generation of thrombolytic drugs, which can combine with fibrin and selectively activate plasminogen binding with fibrin to transform it into plasminogen but will not activate plasminogen in the circulatory system."}
+{"id": "095106", "text": "We present the ROC curves for all models trained in the clinical experiment for predicting mRs in Figure 3A and a comparison between the clinical and combination experiment for predicting eTICI in Figure 3B. Moreover, we provide the confusion matrices for the clinical and combination experiments for mRs in Figure 4A and eTICI in Figure 4C."}
+{"id": "095148", "text": "CSF flow resistance in the spinal canal and cardiac-induced brain tissue displacement of the cerebellum and brainstem were examined for 32 CMI subjects and 18 healthy controls. The results showed a significant correlation between CSF flow resistance and cerebellar displacement for CMI subjects but not for healthy controls. No correlation was found between CSF flow resistance and brainstem displacement in CMI subjects or healthy controls. No differences were observed between the mean values of CSF flow resistance, cerebellar displacement, and brainstem displacement in CMI subjects with and without five common CMI symptoms."}
+{"id": "095263", "text": "Exosomes derived from liver mitochondria are present in human plasma: activity of ornithin carbamoyl transferase as a potential marker of exosome release under metabolic stress"}
+{"id": "095292", "text": "In summary, chronic compression injury of the TREZ in this TN animal model destroys and increases the permeability of the BNB and results in higher prothrombin and PN-1 expression. Activated thrombin may then directly regulate myelin-axon connections at the nodes of Ranvier in the TREZ transitional zone or activate astrocytes through PAR1 to affect the structure of the nodes of Ranvier. These results indicate that BNB disruption and coagulation system activation may be involved in the peripheral sensitization in trigeminal neuralgia."}
+{"id": "095385", "text": "Overall, this review aims to discuss the current evidence of EAAT2 expression and functional alteration in AD, a critical knowledge gap given that AD is ultimately a human disease. In addition, whether the existing literature warrants further research to investigate this glutamate transporter as a therapeutic target for the treatment or intervention of AD will be discussed."}
+{"id": "095504", "text": "Much of the criticism of VanderWeele et al. over the precise definition of the causal parameter estimated in Mendelian randomization is warranted, although a response would be to have a less literal interpretation of effect estimates in Mendelian randomization and to view the primary finding from a Mendelian randomization investigation as the assessment of causation rather than the estimation of a causal effect. Violations of the assumptions of homogeneity and/or linearity of the causal effect would also lead to difficulties in interpreting the causal estimate, although they are unlikely to lead to inappropriate causal inferences or inflated type 1 error rates under the null. A causal estimate is useful to combine and compare evidence from multiple genetic variants, but it can be primarily interpreted as a test of the null hypothesis of no causal effect and only secondarily as a guide to the expected result of intervening on the risk factor in practice. As such, we regard violations of the instrumental variable assumptions necessary for valid causal inferences as first-order concerns, but violations of the assumptions necessary for the estimation of a causal effect as second-order concerns."}
+{"id": "095518", "text": "The immune system does not escape from aging effects and displays senescence characteristics in aged individuals. Immunosenescence refers to the state of dysregulated immune function that contributes to the increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, or cancer. Aged individuals are predisposed to more severe symptoms from certain infections and they do not mount an effective immune response upon vaccination. In general, aged populations fail to generate an appropriate innate and adaptive immune response against microorganisms, thus it becomes clear that senescence is involved in this failure."}
+{"id": "095587", "text": "Regulation of tau by Aβ-mediated NMDARs activation entails that common signaling pathways linked to these receptors may be implicated in facilitating the pathological effects of both molecules. In agreement, GSK3β regulates both tau phosphorylation and Aβ production and its inhibition prevents Aβ-induced impairment of LTP and improve AD pathology (Shipton et al., 2011). In addition to sharing common signaling pathways it may be possible that as a result of increasing production of Aβ oligomers and NFTs at late stages of neurodegeneration both molecules could be found in enough amounts to directly interact with each other. This possibility is supported by a recent study using co-immunoprecipitation and immunohistology techniques. Using this approach Manczak and Reddy (2013) have exposed a potential interaction between Aβ oligomers and phosphorylated tau in both human and animal AD brains which increased with disease progression. It is thus possible that pathological interactions between oligomeric Aβ and NFTs are important intermediate steps during later stages of AD. Considering the current findings we could imagine a scenario in which Aβ and tau may converge at synapses by hijacking key synaptic pathways such as NMDAR-mediated transmission. These early events may exacerbate synaptic degeneration until a complete convergence of tau and Aβ signaling pathways, facilitated by direct interaction between the two at later stages (see model AMPAR trafficking in AD in Figure 3). Future in-depth studies will be necessary to determine the interplay of tau and Aβ in disrupting AMPAR dynamics and neurodegeneration."}
+{"id": "095599", "text": "Although it is known that EVs are particularly sensitive to the early development of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the physiological role that they play in the pathogenesis of these disorders needs to be better understood so that they can eventually be used as biomarkers of these conditions, even before the first symptoms appear. Furthermore, more research is needed to validate their use in a clinical setting."}
+{"id": "095630", "text": "The authors were unable to show any clear evidence of ischemic area around the hematoma in the acute period following intracerebral hemorrhage. In addition they showed that there was no change in regional cerebral blood flow after lowering of blood pressure with labetalol. In the animal model used, despite the elevated ICP, reduction of MAP was not associated with changes in the immediate and distant surrounding areas of the hematoma. There was no observed increase in ICP with a reduction in MAP, while the cerebral perfusion pressure was maintained at >65 mmHg. The authors accept that their study only examines the immediate changes and not the longer term effects of intracerebral hemorrhage."}
+{"id": "095751", "text": "In the current study we showed that profound early neglect as a function of institutional rearing sensitizes children to the effects of later stressful life events on externalizing problems in adolescence. Specifically, we observed that more stressful life events at age 12 were associated with higher levels of externalizing problems at age 16 only among children who were not randomly assigned out of institutional care early in life. In contrast, children who were either never institutionalized or who were randomly assigned to high-quality foster care did not show increased externalizing problems as a function of more stressful life events. On aggregate, these results suggest that a history of prolonged childhood neglect increases vulnerability to the effects of later stressful events proximal to externalizing problems. Perhaps more compelling, we provide experimental evidence that early social fortification afforded by family care buffers the sensitizing effects of childhood neglect to later stressful life events on psychopathology. These effects held after controlling for child sex, covariance with other mental health problems, and prior levels of externalizing problems, strongly supporting the stress-sensitizing effect of early neglect, and the stress-buffering effect of enriched caregiving, on externalizing problems in adolescence."}
+{"id": "095818", "text": "In this study, we analyzed the CEST signal of AD mice in two different dimensions through Z spectrum asymmetry, combined with water saturation offset data to correct the image, and showed the glutamate of the mice after AD changes level. We compared a variety of neural network models, chose Resnet with better effect, and designed a data migration algorithm adapted to the characteristics of the data in this article. Due to the changing nature of the glutamate content of the mouse brain based on the age and the limitations of the current model, the accuracy rate is currently as high as 76.5%. In the future, we will optimize the machine learning model based on the analysis of the small sample data and the characteristics of the data itself to improve the accuracy of model classification."}
+{"id": "095942", "text": "The capacity to repeatedly, efficiently and convincingly portray problems and health status to the physician was described as a key functionality. In addition, the quality of the relationship was described as being potentially hampered by organizational limitations, such as frequent changes of staff and the extra explanatory burden it put on the individual."}
+{"id": "095973", "text": "To conclude, our results highlight the crucial role of astrocytes in maintaining metabolic stability within the synaptic and neuronal environments, which makes them a therapeutic target in the prevention as well as the treatment of AD, by maintaining and activating their key homoeostatic role."}
+{"id": "096414", "text": "In the present study, we aimed to develop and validate a new nomogram including the total burden score of CSVD and other related factors to predict the probability of HT for individual stroke patients with IV rt-PA treatment who would need more intensive monitoring and the extraordinary alterness."}
+{"id": "096725", "text": "It is known that the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases is multifactorial, and there is evidence that potential external factors including lifestyle and chemical exposures are linked with the risk of the onset of these diseases. Since the vast majority of AD and PD cases are observed in elderly populations, yet the exposure to risk factors occurred years or decades before the diagnosis, the assessment of chronic exposures is difficult to perform in retrospective studies to associate them with the onset/development of the disease. Therefore more research for better definition of exposure, as well as for the identification of early specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of these diseases is needed. Attention is now focused on environmental factors that potentially damage the developing nervous system through epigenetic mechanisms, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases later in life. In this review we briefly examined the evidence of environmental etiologies related to two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, AD and PD, from epidemiological as well as experimental studies."}
+{"id": "096805", "text": "Impulsivity evaluates the reliability with which the decision maker applies expectancies about each deck when making the card selection. High values of this component indicate that the deck with maximum expectancy will almost certainly be chosen on each trial and therefore greater choice consistency. Low values reflect an inconsistent, random and impulsive choice behaviour."}
+{"id": "097003", "text": "In two different works involving the deep sequencing of the blood components serum and plasma, exosomal miRNA analysis led to the identification of differentially expressed miRNA panels in AD patients, suggesting that an exosomal profile of miRNAs could represent an effective screening tool for AD disease."}
+{"id": "097171", "text": "Altogether, these results indicate that leukocyte-derived EVs might represent novel blood-based EV biomarkers, which may help to optimize clinical decision algorithms, thereby improving treatment strategies and personalized medicine in patients affected by PC. This novel and intriguing observation warrants analysis of a larger series employing additional markers to dissect the basal and dynamic composition of LEV subpopulations in order to gain a better insight into its potential for liquid biopsy applications in pancreatic cancer."}
+{"id": "097196", "text": "More and more authors suggest that early treatment of DVT with direct thrombolysis of the catheter, mechanical thrombolysis and drug-mechanical thrombolysis, supports the idea that recanalization of the vein, as recently evaluated in different number of studies, shows promising results in terms of improvement in quality of life and incidence reduction in PTS patients. This procedure has the advantage of preserving the venous valve function after DVT thereby preventing the development of the main physiological factors of post-DVT venous hypertension such as valve reflux and late venous obstruction.4 They report that particular attention should be paid to the reflux of the valve which must be prevented by operating venous thrombosed segments in which the damage induced by inflammation leads to structural valve insufficiency and in the non-involved venous segments in which venous dilation distal to obstruction leads to functional valve failure.4"}
+{"id": "097307", "text": "This study proves that a fundamental protein for glymphatic system function and CSF and ISF flow, AQP4, is increased in CSF of patients suffering from different types of dementia compared to healthy controls, and strongly correlates with a marker for established neurodegeneration such as tau. This piece of evidence leads to a hypothesis that AQP4 could represent a fascinating potential biomarker for future studies on dementia as well as glymphatic function, and analysing this protein and its level in body fluids may help explain the pathogenesis of these diseases and hopefully provide a new tool for both diagnosis and prognosis in clinical practice."}
+{"id": "097469", "text": "The authors of this case report have not been able to identify a published example of stroke symptoms developing in any Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis patient, immunosuppressed for Crohn’s, or to identify any other report of a true ischaemic stroke occurring during an episode of active Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis infection. Nevertheless, in the case presented here a histological diagnosis of stroke was not established and previous studies have shown that ischemic complications of CNS infection may be associated with vasculitic thrombotic infarction, such as commonly occurs in tuberculosis or rarely in other infections. A cardioembolic source for the infarction was also unsupported by any bacteremia or known valvular disease and the possibility of early microabscess formation cannot be completely excluded based on the imaging and clinical findings presented here alone. This patient, however, represents an example of the clinical dilemmas faced when concomitant episodes suggestive of acute cerebral infarct and Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis occur and demonstrates how the combination of diffusion weighted and contrast enhanced MRI can be used in an attempt to clarify the diagnoses."}
+{"id": "097636", "text": "Both participants from the Iyengar group claimed they did not learn coping mechanisms for stress in daily life, but found momentary relaxation when practicing yoga poses. One participant from the mindfulness group felt he had improved his stress management. The other participant from that group stated he now handled fear better in daily life. One participant from the integrative yoga group expressed that she had learned to handle stress better by better distancing herself from it."}
+{"id": "097655", "text": "On account of the fact that ChemR23 might be indeed expressed on astrocytes and it bears a protective role, a recent study performed a chronic and peripheral treatment with RvE1 and LXA4 alone or in combination in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease and found that the combined treatment potently reduced astrocyte activation in both hippocampus and cortex and ameliorated AD pathology and the production of several cytokines and chemokines (Kantarci et al., 2018). Of note, all these results were obtained in mice where SPMs were administered peripherally and suggest that resolvins are indeed able to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert their effect in the brain."}
+{"id": "097706", "text": "Apelin and Vaspin can help effectively forecast the occurrence of HT in CIS patients after ITT as independent protective factors of HT, so they are of a high clinical application value."}
+{"id": "097837", "text": "Summing up, given the significant alterations in astrocyte physiology observed in AD, resulting in disrupted astrocyte–neuronal network interactions, it becomes evident that astrocytes may play a crucial role in the development of cognitive deficits and other neurodegenerative processes associated with AD. It can be confidently stated that targeting the correction of calcium activity within astrocytic networks and addressing other aspects of astrocyte metabolic activity holds great promise as a therapeutic approach."}
+{"id": "097946", "text": "Importantly, interpretations regarding the large-scale dynamics of a neural competition based on expected action costs are mitigated in the present study due to the absence of difference in RT between easy and hard trials in free choices. Given the negative correlation found between the increase in RT and beta power, it may partly explain why a significant cluster of sensorimotor beta desynchronization appeared only when increasing decision difficulty in instructed but not in free choices. It was an unexpected result given that the uncertainty of target choice appeared effectively modulated, which has been shown to influence participants’ RT in effector selection tasks as well as in decision-making models. The absence of significant modulation of RT cannot be explained by the repetitiveness of choice, as participants’ choices were not biased toward the previously chosen target in free hard trials. Nonetheless, participants globally tended to choose the right target more often than the left one, suggesting that the use of a single spatial location for the right target over the entire experiment may have led to a default bias toward the right target. However, Cos et al. (2011) used a similar task to ours and also did not report significant differences in RT in spite of the use of several target configurations, suggesting that it may be related to other variables. One possibility highlighted by Figure S1 is that the distance of the left target influenced RTs and masked the difference in RT due to uncertainty between easy and hard trials. Indeed, in the free easy condition the left target was located farther from the starting point than in the free hard condition (PSE + 4 cm and PSE respectively), which may have increased RTs in the free easy condition. An effect of target distance on RTs is further supported by the significantly lower choice RTs when the left target was located at PSE—4 cm than when it was either at PSE or PSE + 4 cm, in addition to the significantly longer simple RTs for trials oriented toward PSE + 4 cm as compared to PSE and PSE − 4 cm. Overall, these results suggest that in the present task RTs might have only partially reflected action competition. An interesting future research avenue would be to investigate the specificity of brain activity related to action competition using a task that modulates the perceived effort while keeping target distance as well as other movement parameters that could influence RT constant between conditions."}
+{"id": "097977", "text": "The functional anatomy of the structures responsible for the return of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the general circulation is based on somewhat conflicting evidence as to their location, anatomical features, and functional capabilities. The dual outflow systems for the egress of CSF from the intracranial CSF compartment control the balance between CSF production and drainage that ultimately impacts the constancy of the cerebral environment. This basic information has clinical implications as to the understanding of the basis and clinical consequences of derangements of the CSF outflow systems. Our present understanding of the two major functional CSF drainage systems evolved separately with recognition of the AV route occurring well in advance of our understanding of the importance of the lymphatic outflow pathway."}
+{"id": "098340", "text": "The second group of imaging biomarkers uses quantitative measurements of arterial and CSF flow patterns. In the mid 1990s it was realized that the increased volume of blood in the cranial cavity during systole gives rise to a complex mechanism of CSF and venous blood displacement protects the brain from pulsatile trauma39. In the presence of arteriosclerosis this mechanism begins to fail leading to passage of the systolic pulse wave into brain tissue due to decreases in arteriolar compliance. Several studies have now shown that evidence of decreased compliance is seen in the presence of small vessel disease, in particular, decreased arterial compliance leads to more rapid passage of the pulse wave into the brain which is reflected by reduction in the arterial-aqueductal delay17. We consequently used these measurements in the current study but found no abnormalities in the POAG group."}
+{"id": "098353", "text": "In the present study, the role of plasma exosome level as a potential diagnostic marker for septic shock was assessed and whether plasma exosomes could help predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis was evaluated. The result of our study indicated that the plasma exosome level was significantly higher in septic shock patients than that in sepsis patients and healthy volunteers. In addition, plasma exosome level was associated with severity of organ failure and predictive of mortality."}
+{"id": "098706", "text": "We conclude that astrocyte endfeet surrounding penetrating arterioles swell temporarily and robustly during CSD, both in anesthetized and awake mice. The endfoot swelling is not mediated by AQP4 but coincides with vascular constriction. We propose that endfoot swelling contributes to paravascular space closure in the early phase of CSD through a direct mechanical compression of the paraarteriolar space. In the latter phase of CSD, the closure of the paraarteriolar space may reflect a breakdown of the homeostatic processes that depend on normal endfoot function."}
+{"id": "098766", "text": "Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive impairment, memory loss and characteristic pathological changes in the brain. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and involves several neurotransmitter systems and pathophysiologic processes. There are three hallmarks of AD: amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal cell death. These pathologies are evident in specific, vulnerable brain areas and the hippocampus is one of the earliest to be affected. Although there is a debate to whether the deposition of Aβ plaques or neurofibrillary tangles of TAU are responsible for the initiation of the disease, we chose to base our model on the Aβ hypothesis. But it is likely that no single hypothesis will be able to account for all the underlying aspects of the disease process. The possible neuroprotective effect of TERT from Aβ induced cytotoxicity was shown by exogenic expression of TERT gene in neurons. Since genetic manipulations have severe limitations, we suggest that pharmaceutical increase of telomerase may show significant advantages. We previously synthesized novel tri-aryl compounds designated AGS and showed that these compounds increased TERT gene and TERT protein expression and telomerase activity in a time and dose-dependent manner and protected cells from oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. This protection was demonstrated when AGS treatment of SOD1 transgenic mice that developed Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis has delayed the onset and progression of the disease and increased motor neuron survival in the mouse spinal cord. To elucidate the mechanism by which telomerase increasing compounds exert their neuroprotective effect it is important to understand their effect on neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity associated genes and related signal transduction pathways such as Wnt."}
+{"id": "098907", "text": "The in vivo exposure component initiates contact between clients and stimuli from their environments that serve as reminders of the trauma. This hierarchy of feared stimuli consists of people, situations, and events that clients avoid to temporarily alleviate anxiety. By participating in increasingly anxiety provoking exposures, clients gain confidence in their abilities to confront feared stimuli, and by doing so rid themselves of various unhelpful thoughts that have formed in relation to these stimuli."}
+{"id": "099392", "text": "Conclusion: The histopathological differences between MB and proximal part of vessel combined with small vessel diameter in the tunneled segment can explain the high incidence of the LAD rupture and perforation in the section under the bridge."}
+{"id": "099402", "text": "Alteration of miRNA expression profiles by environmental pollutants such as DEP can modify cellular processes by regulation of gene expression, which may lead to disease pathogenesis."}
+{"id": "099954", "text": "The mean serum periostin levels were higher than in the control group, but no statistically significant difference was found. There was no correlation between serum periostin levels and prognosis of stroke. First admission NLRs were statistically higher than in the control group. The first admission NLRs were positively correlated with the first admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score and the day 7 modified Rankin score."}
+{"id": "099966", "text": "The meninges are highly vascularized, and the structure and function of the vascular architecture are complex. In this part, the emphasis is placed on the description of meningeal lymphatics and dural vessels and sinuses to fully understand their structure and newly recognized functions."}
+{"id": "099981", "text": "To summarize, we have shown that increased inspiratory resistance is associated with large swings in the heart-generated dynamic relationship between BP and SAS oscillations in healthy subjects. For the first time, our study revealed that the signal resulting from dumped cardiac performance and/or increased BP variability may directly affect the CSF pulsatility. Our study provides new insights into our understanding of CSF motion in the context of exaggerated negative thoracic pressure."}
+{"id": "099987", "text": "The neurological status of patients with abnormal EEG recordings was significantly worse (according to NIHSS) on days 1 and 2 of stroke than with patients with normal EEG recordings; the functional status of patients with abnormal EEG recordings was significantly worse on the day of discharge and 90 days after the onset than that of patients with normal EEG recordings (Table 3)."}
+{"id": "100092", "text": "Severity of neurological deficits at baseline and 24 hours after thrombolysis were assessed prospectively by using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) conducted by clinicians certified in NIHSS scoring. Patients with NIHSS ≥10 at 24 hours were considered to have severe early postthrombolysis neurological deficits. Barthel scoring was undertaken at discharge as is routine practice in our unit. Poor outcome following thrombolysis was defined as a discharge Barthel score <15 or inpatient death. Haemorrhagic conversion following thrombolysis was defined as any intracranial haemorrhage on NCCT 24 hours after thrombolysis."}
+{"id": "100097", "text": "Some of the most marked developmental changes in adolescence are in sexual identity, capacity for sexual intimacy and reproductive potential. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable because of restrictions on the provision of contraception to unmarried women; insufficient maturity and skills to negotiate safe sex and lack of access to adolescent-friendly health services. Frank discussion of sexual matters in households, schools and publications for adolescents is limited by personal embarrassment, and also by conservative social mores and religious prescriptions, leaving many with insufficient knowledge and skills to manage sexual relationships. Overall, there is high potential for mental health to be compromised by sexual and reproductive health problems and for mental health conditions to render adolescents vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health risks."}
+{"id": "100185", "text": "This report illustrates that perfusion CT can play an important role in differentiating acute stroke from status epilepticus or postictal neurological deficits in the emergency room setting. Changes on perfusion CT are seen in most patients with status epilepticus and typically consist of cortical hyperperfusion. In postictal phenomena only a third of patients have abnormalities on perfusion CT and the chance of detecting abnormalities is significantly greater when imaging is performed within two hours of seizure termination. When perfusion CT alterations are present in postictal patients, they typically consist of cortical and subcortical hypoperfusion. Hyperperfusion has been described in a minority of patients with postictal paresis, but this might actually reflect ongoing seizure activity at the time of imaging."}
+{"id": "100266", "text": "For a long time it was believed that the acute response to inflammation both in the periphery and in the CNS passively dissipated over time due to a reduced production of inflammatory mediators from either resident non-neuronal cells or infiltrated leukocytes; however, it has been more recently appreciated that also in the brain termination of neuroinflammation is kept in homeostatic balance by the active process of resolution, orchestrated by several families of SPMs, and that ultimately results in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and avoidance of neurodegeneration and subsequent development of neurodegenerative diseases."}
+{"id": "100321", "text": "Both PCC and aPCC are effective in reducing coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model with dabigatran anticoagulation. The ex vivo addition of idarucizumab fully corrected all coagulation measures and significantly decreased plasma concentrations of dabigatran. No significant effects on haemostasis were observed after the application of rFVIIa."}
+{"id": "100411", "text": "An expansion of the findings regarding A431E is to be expected because a current area of research in our University is focused on studying the clinical, neuropsychological, social, and pathological hallmarks of these variants and has started collaborations with groups devoted to the ADAD. We expect that broader, longitudinal studies in both the preclinical and clinical stages will also help in a better understanding of the clinical course and the physiopathology of EOAD with the A431E variant."}
+{"id": "100741", "text": "Mental health has long been a neglected problem in global healthcare. The social and economic impacts of conditions affecting the mind are still underestimated. However, in recent years it is becoming more apparent that mental disorders are a growing global concern and there is a necessity of developing novel services and researching effective means of providing interventions to sufferers. Such novel services could include technology-based solutions already used in other healthcare applications but are yet to make their way into standard psychiatric practice."}
+{"id": "100818", "text": "Our research is not devoid of limitations. Although the NIHSS scale is extensively utilized, its limitations persist, a fact that therefore has an impact on our research since it served as the primary instrument for assessing the clinical severity of stroke. More specifically, the consensus within the academic community is that the NIHSS is not a substitute for a comprehensive neurological assessment in terms of identifying the specific location of a lesion or assessing the consequences of modest impairments. The primary factor contributing to the issue is the lack of precision in the scale. The NIHSS has the potential to underestimate the severity of lesions in the posterior circulation, right hemisphere, and brainstem infarctions. There is currently no comprehensive assessment available for evaluating all cranial nerves. Due to its emphasis on gross motor skills and language-related activities, this particular approach exhibits a reduced vulnerability to domain modifications such as cognitive impairment, which may otherwise impact functional outcomes. The presence of an NIHSS abnormality does not always exclude the possibility of a stroke. Overall, there exists variability among institutions in terms of the methods employed for monitoring and recording neurologic function in hospitalized patients. Furthermore, given that the current study is retrospective, specifically referring to the database’s establishment prior to the widespread implementation of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with ischemic stroke and the advent of the mechanical thrombectomy period, it is imperative that our findings be validated by future research conducted on a prospective population. Although we are confident in the predictive capabilities of the current parameters for shaping the NIHSS progression from admission to discharge, we anticipate a decrease in the proportion of patients with severe or moderate stroke. This reduction is expected to lead to an improved functional recovery due to the implementation of intravenous thrombolysis in a subset of stroke patients. Furthermore, as far as our data analysis is concerned, imbalanced data required novel approaches to their management and the FS work we did; despite being time-consuming and requiring extensive fine-tuning to function properly, we believe that it was well served, within the framework of the following limitations. Finally, it is also important to acknowledge that the results presented in this study are specific to a single institution, namely, the Neurological Clinic. Although this clinic stands out from other neurological clinics in Greece due to the fact that it handles a substantial volume of stroke patients across all age groups, it is imperative to acknowledge that the sample under study reflects certain regional and socioeconomic characteristics."}
+{"id": "100862", "text": "Moreover, the relationship between eye movements and the CSF circulation in the ON deserves further investigation. The functions of eye movements in human REM sleep are still unknown. Eye movements have been hypothesized to drive the CSF flow in the ONs."}
+{"id": "100970", "text": "We found that insulin injected directly into the brain decreased insulin transport across the BBB for whole brain and the olfactory bulb in male mice, whereas insulin receptor blockade decreased transport in female mice for whole brain and hypothalamus. Intranasal insulin, currently being investigated as a treatment in AD patients, decreased transport across the BBB of the hypothalamus."}
+{"id": "101064", "text": "Aim: The study aimed to assess driving behaviour and attitudes of individuals with coordination difficulties and DCD, investigating whether these individuals reported being more cautious and making more errors while driving than those with typical coordination."}
+{"id": "101190", "text": "Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain condition that affects the regions of the face innervated by the trigeminal nerve. Typical TN causes severe and sudden volleys of shock-like facial pain that lasts a few seconds to a few minutes in the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. When patients experience attacks of pain that come on repeatedly, the result is a pain condition that is disabling in nature. Typical TN will have a trigger in the trigeminal nerve division distribution the pain is felt in, which often leads to aversive behavior by the patient to avoid the pain. For example, a trigger inside the mouth may make eating so difficult that poor nutrition results."}
+{"id": "101271", "text": "On a clinical level, it is first important to clarify that we focused on a young sample, who were aged 16 or 18 years. Many of these individuals will be too young to have been diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, but it is known that psychotic experiences in this age group can lead to severe clinical conditions in some individuals. Nonetheless, clinically it is often noted that many individuals with schizophrenia do not have a family history of schizophrenia. Indeed, although the relative risk for schizophrenia is increased among relatives of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, most relatives of individuals with schizophrenia do not develop schizophrenia. Our results extend these observations to adolescent psychotic experiences and indicate that they may develop in a variety of contexts. Specifically, our results suggest that psychotic experiences may be prevalent in populations with a high degree of exposure to environmental risks associated with psychotic experiences. Indeed, there is substantial conjecture that psychotic experiences can be reached through multiple pathways, such as pathways that are more based on genetic propensity and others that are more down to environmental risks; however, to our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to provide replicable empirical findings on this topic."}
+{"id": "101549", "text": "A second qualification regards our findings that certain website exercises were rated more favorably than others overall. For example, a breath counting meditation in which participants were guided in maintaining mindful attention toward both breathing and tactile awareness (the latter via touching their fingers to their thumbs) was rated above average independent of PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, particularly among persons reporting lower or absent PTSD symptoms, body scan and embodiment meditations were also rated favorably relative to the average of other exercises. Comparison of the perceived benefits of different types of meditation practice is an area open for future research."}
+{"id": "101567", "text": "To address these challenges, a substantial amount of research interest is focused on microfluidic tools to improve the throughput and consistency of exosome research in recent years. Some of the more successful strategies have already been applied to both cancer and neurological fields. In this article, we will first explore the current microfluidic tools that are streamlining the isolation and detection of exosomes and propose the current topics of aging, more specifically, among cancer and neurodegenerative disease research that may benefit from these tools. Additionally, we will explore emerging microfluidic techniques for monitoring the mechanisms at which exosomes play a role in neurodegenerative transmission."}
+{"id": "101751", "text": "This article has a few limitations, as it is focused only on patients who have suffered from ischemic stroke and are primarily receiving antiplatelet therapies. Study populations should include patients who have undergone endovascular thrombectomies or thrombolytic drugs, such as alteplase, in order to better investigate the risk of developing hemorrhagic transformation and the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy. Patient risks and treatment responsiveness should be examined in longitudinal studies as well. This piece can serve as a good primer on ground-breaking recent discoveries. Further research is suggested in order to gain a better understanding of the process of hemorrhagic transformation and to improve hemorrhagic transformation treatment techniques to benefit patients."}
+{"id": "101776", "text": "Conventional MRI imaging showed that mild to moderate WML had no significant effect on cognitive function. The cognitive function of mild to moderate WML depends mainly on the total number of basal and thalamic regions LI; the basal ganglia and thalamus are key sites in the development of LI, which can better predict cognitive decline. LI distributed in the white matter of the brain extensively interferes with the structure of the white matter, and chronic inflammatory processes, loss of myelin, and axonal degeneration may cause more severe cognitive decline due to such interference. The pathogenesis of WML progresses from the subcortical white matter to the white matter adjacent to the ventricles and cystic LI may be involved in extensive WML under the cortex, and the number of LI in subcortical WML cannot be fully recognized. Analysis of the MRI results of LI and WML in the basal and thalamic regions showed that the severity of WML and the number of basal and thalamic regions LI were related to the extent of cognitive impairment. This study found that severe WML or basal ganglia and multiple lymphoid in the thalamus area can cause cognitive decline. Probably because cognitive function depends on neural network function, both WML and LI have a phenomenon of neural network interruption, the so-called separation syndrome, which has a decline in cognitive function [10]."}
+{"id": "102041", "text": "Defective mitochondrial dynamic balance has been suggested to be one of the reasons as well as consequence of AD-related pathology. Autophagy in neurons is important under physiological and pathological conditions playing a crucial role for the degradation of Aβ. Although this could represent a controversial issue, a recent work established an interlink mechanism for the mitochondrial dysfunctioning, oxidative stress, autophagy dysregulation, and neuronal cell death in AD. The reasons by which AD pathology occurs are still far to be elucidated, and a huge subset of factors may contribute to the origin of the disease. Such factors have built additional hypothesis other than amyloid cascade that may explain the origin of AD."}
+{"id": "102051", "text": "On average those with PTSD had shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality, and greater trouble falling and staying asleep. In particular, the day of week variation in sleep quality and trouble falling asleep specifically distinguishes those with PTSD from those without PTSD. Our findings suggest that clinical care might be improved by assessments of sleep patterns and disturbances across at least a week, including weekdays and weekends. Future studies should explore the mechanisms related to the patterns of sleep disturbance among those with PTSD."}
+{"id": "102060", "text": "Longer bleeding duration was associated with significantly worse mRS at 90 days\n(aOR 1.013, p = 0.05 and aOR 1.010, p = 0.045 for minimum and maximum bleeding duration,\nrespectively)."}
+{"id": "102152", "text": "Compared with indirect revascularization, direct revascularization decreased the risk of postoperative rebleeding and poor neurological outcome. Radiological results also demonstrated that the regression of moyamoya vessels, dilated AchA, and PcomA were more significant in hemispheres with direct revascularization than those with indirect revascularization, and the proportion of substantial revascularization collaterals in hemispheres with direct revascularization was significantly higher than those with indirect revascularization, which can explain in part why direct revascularization decreased the risk of postoperative rebleeding compared with indirect revascularization in this study. Therefore, from the results of this study, the direct revascularization may be superior to indirect revascularization for prevention of rebleeding and poor neurological outcome in adults with hemorrhagic MMD."}
+{"id": "102652", "text": "Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the aging population and its progression is tightly associated with cognitive impairments that involve learning and memory deficits. The pathology of AD has been linked to neuronal cell death and disrupted synaptic plasticity in various brain regions that specifically include the hippocampus and the cortex. Increasing compelling evidence demonstrates that AD progression is influenced by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, and that such gene-environmental interactions play a major role in triggering pathways that can either slow or exacerbate disease progression. Environmental stimuli provide neurons in the brain with instructive information that shapes synaptic connections to impact cognitive ability. As such, environmental enrichment (EE) conditions have beneficial effects for reinstating cognitive ability in neuropathological conditions such as AD. EE has been shown to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and reverse learning and memory deficits by inducing structural changes in the neuronal network to enhance synaptic efficacy. While a substantial body of evidence demonstrates that EE benefits involve epigenetic gene control mechanisms that comprise histone acetylation induction, the select HATs involved and their mechanisms of action underlying this process remain largely unknown."}
+{"id": "102801", "text": "Given DCC expression in adult nigral dopamine neurons and its reported role in cell death as a dependence receptor, we interrogated the contribution of netrin‐1 in the fate of these neurons."}
+{"id": "103066", "text": "After a decade of clinical trials with anti-Aβ agents, not a single new treatment for AD has been approved. The concept of testing candidate AD therapies in patients already suffering from mild-to-moderate dementia has come into question. Because amyloid deposition in the form of diffuse plaques begins as long as two decades prior to the onset of dementia symptoms, several pharmaceutical companies are turning their attention to prevention trials in asymptomatic, at-risk individuals as a means of targeting the disease at stages in which the predominant pathology is Aβ-related rather than due to other downstream elements of the amyloid cascade. Based on a similar rationale, symptomatic patients with mild cognitive impairment or very early AD are being enrolled in clinical trials. It remains to be determined whether focusing on prodromal and very early stages will increase the likelihood of success of immunotherapy for AD. Results from the solanezumab trials showing a probable slowing of disease progression in patients with mild but not moderate disease provide support for the concept that early treatment is important for amyloid-based therapies."}
+{"id": "103098", "text": "The successful translation of VNS therapy from bench to bedside will be contingent on the identification of optimal methods to promote recovery. Preclinical studies demonstrate that VNS delivered concurrent with the CS enhances the extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, whereas stimulation delivered well after the presentation of the CS (present study) or after extinction training fails. This complicates clinical implementation of VNS therapy for PTSD, which would entail delivering VNS during Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy. Since exposure during PE is often imaginal, it is not possible to know in advance when the memory network will be engaged. In addition, imaginal exposure relies on individual ability to recall the traumatic experiences, and therapists rarely know with certainty which parts of a session of imaginal exposure will include a relevant CS. This would necessitate a therapist to identify the relevant moments during a session in order for VNS to be delivered and effectively provide augmentation."}
+{"id": "103218", "text": "An optimal biomarker for predicting haemorrhagic transformation should be characterized by a high diagnostic odds ratio."}
+{"id": "103229", "text": "These findings suggest that DLPFC volumetric and rsFC changes after treatment may represent one set of potential neurobiological treatment markers that are associated with depressive symptom improvement in adolescents with MDD."}
+{"id": "103403", "text": "Higher baseline mindfulness predicted lower weight and shape concerns and negative affect at 7 months via a mediator of better emotion regulation at 2 months. This effect remained while controlling for earlier measurements of the mediator and outcome in the model of negative affect but not weight and shape concerns."}
+{"id": "103689", "text": "It is important to note that many different miRNAs can target one specific mRNA and specific miRNAs can target more than one mRNA. This mechanism allows for the intricate regulation of gene expression, in particular the presence of more than one miRNA on a single mRNA could generate a stronger silencing effect [18]."}
+{"id": "103938", "text": "On the other hand, our results show the association of the PC with endocytotic vesicles which may be crucial to cell signalling. This finding corroborates evidence given in a recent study 35. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin formed in endosomal compartments called multivesicular bodies that package and store signalling molecules and are thought to play important roles in intercellular communications. A large amount of recent data highlight their possible functions as messengers during the development of tumours 38, 39. Although several groups defend the hypothesis that tumours secrete exosomes to promote their growth by inhibiting antitumour immune responses, or by promoting angiogenesis or migration outside the tumour bed to form metastases, this has not been proved. It is worth noting that mRNA has also been described in microvesicles (or mixed exosome/microvesicle preparations) released by tumours or embryonic stem cells 40."}
+{"id": "104152", "text": "The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the enduring effects of childhood adversity. The results extend the diathesis-stress model by providing empirical support for the hypothesis that childhood adversity may represent a plasticity factor—rather than only increasing the vulnerability of individuals to stressful life events. Further research is needed to replicate this finding, and subsequently to understand whether psychiatric outcomes are improved by interventions focused on reducing environmental stressors or by interventions that modify the endogenous processes that underlie heightened reactivity to the environment."}
+{"id": "104416", "text": "Myofascial pain is a probable consequence of central nervous system mechanisms of convergence and activation of second order neurons with enlargement of the receptive field, reduced pain threshold and allodinia. Often there are accompanying symptoms like facial pain and headaches."}
+{"id": "104653", "text": "All deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted from both a publicly funded healthcare system and a societal perspective. The former took into account only direct medical costs and the latter all direct and indirect costs."}
+{"id": "105010", "text": "A factor known to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD is the immune response, with initial association between amyloid deposits and immune response emerging among elderly in their 70s and 80s. , More recently, there is emerging knowledge on components of innate immunity associated with AD pathology, as well as increasing discussion over the beneficial and detrimental effects of the immune response in AD. Another controversial topic is the start point of neuroinflammatory processes observed in AD brains, which raises the question as to whether inflammation is a cause or a consequence of AD pathology. Despite the initial assumption of their occurrence only in late stages of the disease, inflammatory changes in the CSF can be detected in MCI patients, revealing the possibility of involvement of the immune system at very early stages of AD."}
+{"id": "105080", "text": "In conclusion, the aim of the present study was to examine, whether highly affected children with a preliminary diagnosis of PTSD would profit more from KIDNET or from a mediation-relaxation protocol. The main outcome measure was the PTSD symptom severity score. Problems in functioning and physical health symptoms were used as secondary outcome measures. By using trained teachers as therapists, we also wanted to test whether local counselors with a specific training in trauma therapy are able to apply psychological interventions such as KIDNET and meditation-relaxation in the immediate aftermath of a mass disaster."}
+{"id": "105128", "text": "The clinical outcome may be more likely to be positive in patients with vessel preformation if at least partial recanalization (TICI 2a or higher) is achieved and hemorrhage is controlled [14]. Successful reperfusion was achieved in three of our four cases, mRS grade 3 was achieved in two patients, and the clinical outcome of one patient was poor due to the strictly controlled blood pressure and multiple cerebral artery stenoses. This case also hints that the blood pressure cannot be controlled too low in a case with a poor cerebral artery."}
+{"id": "105384", "text": "Lower serum levels of MMP-1 were found to be a risk factor for LAA. Beneficial higher levels of MMP-1 in the biology of IS may be because of its role in extracellular matrix remodeling and repair by degradation of components such as collagen I, II, and III.12\r\n\nWith regard to MMP-8, a causal relationship of higher serum levels as a risk factor for SVO was detected. MMP-8 cleaves collagen I 3 times more effectively than MMP-1 or MMP-13, which makes this protein a potential disruptor of extracellular matrix compounds.15 Dysregulation of the matrisome by mutation in collagenase genes has been found to be the cause of small vessel diseases15 such as SVO.\n\nRegarding MMP-12, we found a causal relationship between lower plasma levels of MMP-12 and the risk of IS and LAA, which has been observed previously.4\r\n\r\nIn our study, no significant association was observed between serum levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-12 and mRS. These results suggest that these metalloproteinases do not play a crucial role in the process of stroke recovery, although other members of the MMP family may be involved."}
+{"id": "105563", "text": "The herbal approach to stroke treatment is to find a plant or combination of plants that helps patients survive and recover from stroke. The drug approach involves finding a single drug and a single mechanism to treat stroke. This is driven by the US Food and Drug Administration requirements for drug approval. However, this single minded approach may explain why no effective treatment of stroke exists in the USA. It may be that multiple mechanisms must be exploited simultaneously in order to ameliorate stroke symptoms. There is evidence in a stroke model that using drugs with two different mechanisms together can enhance stroke survival and recovery [86]."}
+{"id": "105707", "text": "The laboratory mouse has been widely used as a model system to investigate the genetic control mechanisms of mammalian brain development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool to characterize changes in brain anatomy in mutant mouse strains and injury progression in mouse models of fetal and neonatal brain injury. Progress in the last decade has enabled us to acquire MRI data with increasing anatomical details from the embryonic and neonatal mouse brain. High-resolution ex vivo MRI, especially with advanced diffusion MRI methods, can visualize complex microstructural organizations in the developing mouse brain. In vivo MRI of the embryonic mouse brain, which is critical for tracking anatomical changes longitudinally, has become available. Applications of these techniques may lead to further insights into the complex and dynamic processes of brain development."}
+{"id": "106023", "text": "Aging is a biological change that occurs in individuals over time and involves a decline in function and processes that is particularly apparent as the organism dies. This is a biological process that is common to all living things. Our bodies undergo functional deterioration with organic changes at various sites depending on aging. There are various theories about the aging mechanism, but telomere shortening always accompanies aging. Oxidative stress induced by molecular species such as active oxygen damages the genome, and somatic cells are thought to cause senescence-related protein accumulation and senescence. The immune system is similarly affected, and the immune response in normal individuals is dependent on aging. Because the prevalence of malignant tumors and infectious diseases increases with an age-related decline in immune function, it is presumed that there is some relationship between this reduction in immune function and the onset of these diseases."}
+{"id": "106029", "text": "Currently, the authors (RCH and MAR) are just over 1 year in to recruitment for the clinical trial (NCT03539614) that was designed based on the statistical simulation work presented here. Consistent with the concern discussed above that acutely symptomatic patients would be less likely to enroll in a trial of a widely available treatment if there were the potential that they would be initially randomized to a placebo group, and the finding that statistical power is only minimally worse for the N-of-1 design beginning with an open label period as compared with a traditional crossover design, the proposed N-of-1 design from these models was selected as the basis of the currently running clinical trial. The understanding that the trial would begin with active treatment for all participants, but that later treatment blocks would include both blinded drug and placebo, was clearly conveyed to all participants as part of informed consent. In addition to the types of outcome measures described in this simulation study, participants also completed daily symptom logs for a subset of weeks during the trial; these symptom logs included both items that were common to all participants, and items designed by the participants to reflect issues of particular importance to them in understanding how the treatment did or did not benefit them. The participants were informed at the beginning of the trial that they would be provided the data describing how their symptom reports changed during treatment with active drug and placebo at the end of the trial, and that one of our goals in the trial was to provide them as well as us as much information as possible about the ways in which the treatment did vs. did not help them, and whether they need to continue to take the medication in order to maintain any benefit that was achieved."}
+{"id": "106035", "text": "We show that deletion of AQP4 channels results in a reduction of IEG flow rate and increase in the flow rate through GJs, both of which have also been observed in vivo in AQP4 knock-out rodents726. Our parametric variations of the number of astrocytes and AQP4 distribution provide a rationale for the makeup of the fluid pathway structures, demonstrating that both AQP4 polarization on the astrocyte endfeet and a dense astrocyte network are required for optimal water transport between paravascular spaces."}
+{"id": "106137", "text": "In the present study, we sought to replicate and extend these findings in a sample of adults with GAD who received treatment with MBSR. MBSR is a standardized, protocolized course that was developed to teach participants how to cultivate mindfulness through a range of meditative practices. This course is now available in most major cities in the United States and has now been used in hundreds of research trials to address a variety of psychological and medical symptoms."}
+{"id": "106964", "text": "A better understanding of how individual drugs differentially impact specific brain regions within these distributed networks will require more in-depth knowledge of the specific biochemical and molecular consequences of each addictive drug on different brain regions. This statement thus hints to the need to decipher molecular changes that may be predictive of resilience to and/or of risk to develop an addictive state. Elucidation of these molecular signatures has the potential to help in the development of pharmacological interventions to modify the clinical manifestations of substance use disorders. To address these issues, we have begun to use a model that uses footshocks to differentiate rats that continue to self-administer methamphetamine compulsively from those that significantly reduce their intake in the presence of punishment. In the present study, we have used this model to investigate transcriptional changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum after a month of forced abstinence."}
+{"id": "107006", "text": "The model we describe also needs to be examined in light of recent controversies regarding cerebral ISF production and flow. In recent years, the development of the glymphatic and intramural peri-arterial drainage (IPAD) theories has challenged traditional conceptions of ISF flow within the brain [44–48]. Strongly held views are held by both sides of the on-going debate regarding the experimental evidence and whether it supports the glymphatic theory or more traditional theories of ISF production and circulation. We sought to describe a model that describes the importance of ISF circulation as a key component in determining ICP, especially under conditions of brain edema. We aimed to ensure that the model is compatible with both traditional and glymphatic theories of cerebral ISF circulation. The model only assumes that ISF is produced at a constant rate (0.00083 ml/sec) as noted in Table 1. This comprises just under 20% of the summed total of CSF plus ISF production, which is in line with ratio of production of metabolic water produced by cellular metabolism in relation to the rate of CSF production. Whether this fluid is produced by mechanisms proposed by the glymphatic theory, the IPAD theory, or by traditional theories of ISF production and flow does not bear directly on the model’s results. The model postulates that cerebral ISF flows from the extracellular space of the brain parenchyma into the subarachnoid space. An important aspect of the model is that it obeys the principles of hydrodynamics in that fluid flows from a higher pressure into a compartment of lower pressure. The subarachnoid space which envelopes the brain is postulated to have a slightly lower pressure than both the brain parenchyma which it surrounds and the ventricles which empty directly into it. The slightly lower pressure of the intracranial subarachnoid space results from the fact that it itself is the site of CSF exit out of the cranium by way of reabsorption into the superior sagittal sinus. Importantly, when cerebral swelling or hydrocephalus lead to a smaller subarachnoid space, resistance to flow within this compartment increases and CSF reabsorption is impaired. While it is difficult to definitively establish whether small pressure differences between the intracranial compartments exist, it is not unreasonable to postulate that they may occur. The small number of clinical studies that have measured ICP concomitantly in the ventricles and brain parenchyma have found differences in these simultaneous measurements [49–53]. A meta-analysis of these studies identified that 70% of concomitant measurements in the same patient could vary by as much as ± 6 mmHg and an overall mean pressure difference of 1.6 mmHg exists [54]. Admittedly, it remains difficult to ascertain to what degree these differences are due to actual differences in pressure between compartments and to what degree they may be due to measurement error. Further meticulous experimental and clinical studies will be required to establish whether the small differences in transmural pressures proposed in the model can be demonstrated and quantified by experimental data."}
+{"id": "107043", "text": "We therefore hypothesized that the usefulness of acute MRI in predicting outcome would depend on whether the event was related to stroke progression or to a distinct recurrent stroke within 2 years of symptom onset, or to death. We limited the analysis to clinical and imaging parameters available acutely in the emergency room. As well, we hypothesized that the predictive ability could be modified by the severity of the presenting stroke or TIA."}
+{"id": "107355", "text": "While fluid management is integral to intensive care, the association between early\nfluid balance and neurological and functional outcomes post-thrombectomy has not yet been\nthoroughly investigated."}
+{"id": "107469", "text": "The focus of the present review will be on the role that microbiota products have on astrocytes and microglia to guarantee an adequate environmental milieu for neuronal activity. When subjected to pathological stimuli, such as those deriving from an altered microbiota, both glia cell types can shift their activation profiles from a healthy to a diseased state, triggering neuroinflammatory mechanisms that cause neurodegenerative effects."}
+{"id": "107905", "text": "The pathological process related to AD starts long before clinical onset and lasts approximately 15 to 20 years28 It is widely believed that identifying individuals who have high risk of AD earlier is essential for therapeutic strategies for AD prevention and intervention.29 Due to the diagnostic heterogeneity of MCI and different length of follow‐up assessments, the conversion rate to AD or other types of dementia varies widely over different studies.30, 31 Identifying individuals with MCI and monitoring them through biomarker measurements should provide a better understanding of the process of progression from MCI to AD. Although there is no generally accepted diagnostic criteria that specifies MCI individuals who will convert to AD, it is notable that an increase in amyloid plaques that starts many years before clinical symptoms appear plays an important role in brain degenerative changes."}
+{"id": "107923", "text": "As mentioned above, the crosstalk between tumor cells and different types of stromal cells is bidirectional and involves intricate mechanisms. We previously discussed the influence of tumor cells on stromal cells and other tumor cells via TDEs. Given that exosomes are secreted by nearly all cell types, exosomes derived from stromal cells could theoretically influence cancer cells and other types of stromal cells in the context of radiation exposure; this concept will be discussed further below."}
+{"id": "107925", "text": "Overall, these data suggest that exposure to ELS induces long-lasting effects in the HPA-axis and stress response system that in turn influence the activity of key neurotransmitters like dopamine, glutamate and GABA, and impair proper development and function of structures like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. As was described, many of the features that characterize ELS overlap with those previously linked with PTSD and SUD and may help explain why ELS is such a powerful risk factor for developing these disorders in adulthood."}
+{"id": "107990", "text": "The recently completed Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (SHINE) trial demonstrated no significant difference in functional outcomes in hyperglycemic patients with acute ischemic stroke that received intensive compared to standard glucose control [10]. However, the SHINE study did not account for collateral status as a potential treatment effect modifier in either the primary or secondary endpoints. In the present study, we hypothesize that collateral status modifies the treatment effect of glucose control on functional outcome in hyperglycemic patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the SHINE trial. Specifically, we hypothesized that intensive glycemic control will lead to improved functional outcomes relative to standard therapy in patients with good collaterals but not in patients with poor collaterals."}
+{"id": "108031", "text": "The analysis of MBQ domains revealed that the elderly with AD had lower performance for household chores in the very early stages of AD. This reduction may be associated with the cognitive impairment resulting from the condition."}
+{"id": "108091", "text": "Extracellular amyloid β–containing plaques are apparent in most areas of the brain in Alzheimer disease individuals and are associated with neuronal loss in areas such as the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and association cortices. The number of plaques present in the brain does not correlate with the severity of dementia, but a clinical correlation between elevated levels of total amyloid β peptide in the brain and cognitive decline has been reported."}
+{"id": "108107", "text": "Growing old involves many changes in life and implies an increased risks of illness and different forms of disabilities. Life may change in a radical way when a person gets a disease like dementia or moves to a nursing home due to disabilities or needs. In both cases, it often leads to an increased dependency on care where the patient becomes exposed and vulnerable and thereby at a higher risk for experiencing different forms of suffering."}
+{"id": "108128", "text": "The primary outcome of this trial will be good functional outcome at 3 months, determined by the mRS score. In most previous studies, the definition of a good functional outcome at 3 months (based on the mRS) was the same for all patients, regardless of the NIHSS score at stroke onset. Our study differs from previous studies in this respect. Referring to previous studies showing the relationship between NIHSS at admission and mRS at discharge or 3 months after stroke onset, our study will divide patients into three groups based on their neurological severity (assessed by the NIHSS) at enrollment into the trial and will use different target mRS scores to define a good outcome at 3 months according to the severity group. For the safety outcome, the analysis will be based on the entire randomized sample. This approach has been used in a recent comparative study and is considered reasonable given the excellent safety profile of RIC."}
+{"id": "108350", "text": "In this retrospective study, we evaluated the effect of serum sodium levels on HT and clinical outcomes in 963 patients with AIS who underwent IVT. We found that hyponatremia before IVT was an independent risk factor for post-thrombolytic HT and poor clinical outcomes. Lower serum sodium levels on hospital admission are associated with an increased risk of HT and worse clinical outcomes."}
+{"id": "108355", "text": "Determining the indications for emergency neurosurgery in patients with spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke and establishing the gold standard for timely surgery are reasonable for improving the clinical outcomes of patients facing a disease with such high mortality. There is a strong need to develop standard protocols for EDs in detail, such as critical pathways for patients with spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke who need surgical decompression for elevated ICP, to maximize the survival gain and minimize complications that may worsen rapidly in the early phase of disease progression."}
+{"id": "108418", "text": "Genetic variants associated with smoking initiation and alcohol consumption at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. Genetic associations with 24 gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank, FinnGen study, and other large consortia. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to estimate the overall and independent MR associations after mutual adjustment for genetic liability to smoking and alcohol consumption."}
+{"id": "108465", "text": "Recent studies have emphasized that soluble Aβ oligomers are the main contributor to neuronal dysfunction in the brain, causing extensive neurotoxic effects including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and synaptic damage 6. Despite the fact that the physiological concentration of Aβ is well below the micromolar range 29, Aβ oligomers have been shown to excessively accumulate in synaptic clefts and periplaque regions 37, and might reach micromolar concentrations 38. The viability assay showed that both LMW and HMW Aβ species are cytotoxic in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that our experimental conditions are still relevant to physiological conditions. Research has demonstrated that the neurotoxicity of Aβ aggregates might be determined by the size and structural properties of these species. Small Aβ species formed at the early stage of aggregation can efficiently disrupt cell membrane integrity, while large Aβ species produced at a later stage of aggregation are prone to triggering neuroinflammatory responses 39. In accordance with previous studies 26, LMW and HMW Aβ42 species both contained small Aβ oligomers below 15 kDa. HMW Aβ species are more heterogeneous than LMW Aβ as they also have some larger Aβ aggregates and fibrillar structures in solution. The partial overlap in the size distribution between LMW and HMW Aβ species may explain similar outcomes of these two species in causing neuronal apoptosis and tau dysregulation. The analogous effects caused by LMW and HMW Aβ species implicate that different Aβ species share common pathological features in the CNS. However, this could also be attributed to a neuron-enriched condition used for assessing the effect of Aβ species, as large Aβ aggregates such as protofibrils tend to interact with glial cells rather than with neurons 39. Nevertheless, we were not able to dissect the distinct functions of oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ in regulating DAPK1 and tau under our experimental setup. Further studies are needed to characterize in detail how different Aβ species influence neuronal functions."}
+{"id": "108498", "text": "We applied the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to control the false positive rate. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using Egger regression,8 and heterogeneity was analyzed with Cochran Q statistic. Complementary MR approaches were applied: MR-Egger, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and weighted mode approaches.8 Finally, when significant MR results were found, we used the MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier) outlier test9 and the leave-one-out analysis to explore the presence of outliers that could bias the results and performed the analysis extracting them."}
+{"id": "108531", "text": "The control of blood pressure is essential for primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, and it represents an important etiological factor for the reduction of the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke, the current clinical guidelines clearly establishing its role as a major risk factor. One of the benefits of using antihypertensive drugs such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers is the reduction of the risk of stroke, independently of their ability to reduce blood pressure."}
+{"id": "108538", "text": "Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neuropathic pain involving the fifth cranial nerve and is manifested by intense and paroxysmal pain crises similar to electric shocks lasting from a few seconds to two minutes."}
+{"id": "108579", "text": "In previous cases, a decompressive suboccipital craniectomy would only be performed if complication from endovascular treatment occurred. This would mean that in case of a complication the patient would not only face a rapid deterioration from brainstem mass effect but also face an operation under dual platelet antiaggregation therapy."}
+{"id": "108806", "text": "We investigated the interaction between trait anxiety and complex decision making. The present study yielded two main results. The primary finding was that trait anxiety had an effect on decision making under ambiguity but not decision making under risk in healthy participants with different levels of TA. While the HTA and LTA subjects performed worse on the IGT compared to the MTA subjects, performances on the GDT between the three groups did not differ. Furthermore, the LTA and HTA groups showed different individual deck level preferences on the IGT: the former had a preference for deck B indicating that these subjects focused more on the magnitude of rewards, and the latter showed a preference for deck A indicating significant decision making impairment. In general, we replicated the study which examined the relationship between IGT and TA and extended the research content by examining the association between GDT and TA. In addition, we analyzed individual deck level preferences on the IGT for the first time."}
+{"id": "108898", "text": "The results of the present investigation suggest a possible route for connection between the inflow of tracers from the CSF along pial-glial basement membranes and the outflow along smooth muscle cell basement membranes in the IPAD pathway. In the older 24-30-month-old mice, Aβ tracer injected into the CSF was located within astrocytes and in macrophages in the brain parenchyma at 30 min. This suggests that tracer had entered the extracellular, ISF compartment of the brain and been taken up by these cells. Futhermore, Aβ, tracer was located in the walls of brain capillaries associated with collagen IV in the capillary basement membranes. It seems most probable that the Aβ tracer drains out of the brain initially along basement membranes in the walls of cerebral capillaries and then along smooth muscle cell basement membranes in the walls of cerebral arterioles and arteries. This is effectively the same IPAD pathway identified for the outflow of tracers injected directly into the brain parenchyma [4]."}
+{"id": "108905", "text": "In patients who were in the top quartile of functioning in their activities of daily living, the use of anticholinergic medication was associated with a 50% greater rate in decline per 3-month period across a time span of two years. The activities of daily living score decreased by an average of 1.08 points per quarter in patients receiving a cholinesterase inhibitor alone, as compared with 1.62 points in those receiving a cholinesterase inhibitor along with oxybutynin or tolterodine. There was no excess decline in cognition or in activities of daily living associated with dual therapy in patients with lower levels of functioning. Thus, in elderly subjects with dementia who are functioning at higher levels in everyday life, the use of anticholinergic drugs accelerates deterioration in activities of daily living."}
+{"id": "108974", "text": "Our observations show that the AD drug development pipeline is diversifying in terms of targets and treatment modalities, while amyloid-targeting therapies remain a prominent avenue of development as well. To further advance AD drug development, novel companion diagnostics are needed that are directed at disease mechanisms related to genetic risk factors of AD, both for patient stratification and assessment of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials."}
+{"id": "109021", "text": "Table 1 Summary of the clinical characteristics and genetic findings of the 36 families evaluated in this study"}
+{"id": "109216", "text": "In conclusion, CRF increases VTA glutamatergic synaptic function, which may facilitate VTA burst firing or induction of synaptic plasticity that may result from repeated exposure to drugs of abuse. This process may produce long-term neuroadaptations that alter stress responses and enhance drug seeking. Electrophysiological studies combined with behavioral studies have proposed that previous experience with drugs of abuse may facilitate the ability of stress to drive drug seeking and, therefore, relapse. These results suggest that CRF may be important for drug-evoked synaptic plasticity in VTA dopaminergic neurons and may represent the molecular substrate that explains the anxiety and stress response during withdrawal from substances of abuse."}
+{"id": "109357", "text": "There is increasing evidence that reduction of microinfarcts in glymphatic clearance contribute substantially to the accumulation of protein aggregates. Glymphatic system, as a metabolic waste discharge pathway and material delivery system of brain, plays an important role in CSF circulation by promoting the production of CSF and keeping the perivascular space unobstructed which leads to brain homeostasis. Polarizing distribution of AQP4 increase cell gap of brain, improve function of glymphatic system, which is expected to be the target of promoting the clearance of Aβ and tau protein. After microinfarcts, astrocyte activation, AQP4 polarity distribution disappeared, impaired glymphatic pathway function causes a wide range of neural and network damage, the disruption of solute transport surrounding these lesions may similarly drive outsized changes in neuronal network function because of the close association of deep lesions with the underlying white matter. The failure of glymphatic system clearance in microinfarcts might lead to accumulation of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and render the brain more vulnerable to developing neurodegenerative pathology or escalate the progression of cognitive dysfunction."}
+{"id": "109577", "text": "The individual deals with emotional conflicts or internal or external stressors by attributing exaggeratedly negative qualities to oneself or others."}
+{"id": "109653", "text": "Immune cells and immune molecules in the intestinal mucosa participate in innate and adaptive immunity to maintain local and systematic homeostasis. With aging, intestinal mucosal immune dysfunction will promote the emergence of age-associated diseases. Although there have been a number of studies on the impact of aging on systemic immunity, relatively fewer studies have been conducted on the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal immune system. In this review, we will briefly introduce the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal barrier, the impact of aging on intestinal immune cells as well as immune molecules, and the process of interaction between intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota during aging. After that we will discuss potential strategies to slow down intestinal aging in the elderly."}
+{"id": "109804", "text": "Previous work has demonstrated that DLS SPNs encode information about the current syllable and the sequence context in which that syllable is expressed. This information is probably inherited from thalamic and cortical inputs to DLS. The ability of mice to upregulate syllables in response to DLS dopamine axon stimulation demonstrates that mice can recognize and reinforce the movements of their own body in the absence of external sensory cues (such as the click commonly used as a sensory trigger during clicker training); this self-recognition is remarkably specific, as dopamine stimulation does not substantially reinforce syllables that are kinematically related to the target, or syllables that are adjacent in time. Our findings naturally lead to a hypothesis in which dopamine encourages the use of associated syllables by inducing short-term plasticity in sensorimotor inputs to DLS. Notably, our dopamine stimulation coincides with only a fraction of each targeted syllable, yet syllables remain temporally intact and are coherently reinforced as a whole; this observation supports the speculation that syllables are natural units of spontaneous behaviour used by the brain to structure action."}
+{"id": "109886", "text": "Conclusions: These findings suggest that the reduced platelet response to ADP and AA independently predict HE and poor outcome in patients with ICH. Platelet function may represent a modifiable target of ICH treatment."}
+{"id": "110084", "text": "In summary, we have found that a single dose of the dopamine agonist pramipexole impairs stimulus-response learning in healthy young adults who have intact dopamine levels and dopamine regulation functions. This confirms that the detrimental cognitive effects of dopaminergic therapy are a main effect of these drugs and do not arise only as an interaction between these medications and PD pathology. The dopamine overdose hypothesis is supported here. This has implications for use of pramipexole in other conditions such as restless leg, dystonia, or for potential future use of this medication in depression. Further, this alerts clinicians to the potential of detrimental effects of dopaminergic therapy, here pramipexole, on learning in PD patients at all stages of disease, independent of the nature or extent of their PD pathology. The serious motor and cognitive symptoms in PD related to DS dopamine deficiency obviously warrant dopaminergic therapy. However, these results caution that the goal of therapy should be to strike a better balance between these benefits and potential side effects based on individual patient priorities and symptomatology."}
+{"id": "110139", "text": "After having discussed the role of exosomes in the biology of tumor progression and their potential to translate the preclinical experience into clinical practice, a clinical case followed by our group will be described and discussed. With this case, we would like to demonstrate that isolation and characterization of exosomes in patients with NSCLC is feasible in a daily practice."}
+{"id": "110170", "text": "Interruption of flow through of cerebral blood vessels results in acute ischemic stroke. Subsequent breakdown of the blood brain barrier increases cerebral injury by the development of vasogenic edema and secondary hemorrhage known as hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Diabetes is a risk factor for stroke as well as poor outcome of stroke. The current study tested the hypothesis that diabetes-induced changes in the cerebral vasculature increase the risk of HT and augment ischemic injury."}
+{"id": "110214", "text": "Before EV isolation all plasma samples were centrifuged at 1200g for 20 min at 10° Celsius to eliminate red blood cells and cellular debris."}
+{"id": "110469", "text": "In summary, we have identified and validated changes in circulating EV miRNA expression in people with stroke and in particular, in people with SVD. Increased expression of multiple miRNAs from the miRNA-17 family was demonstrated. Similar findings were seen in SHRSP compared to WKY but experimental stroke did not alter expression. We hypothesise that changes in miRNA expression reflect the development of cerebral SVD rather than an acute stroke. Further studies to confirm the role of the miRNA 17 family are needed."}
+{"id": "110537", "text": "Higher WBC percentage in thrombi has been shown to negatively correlate with recanalisation and clinical outcome such as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at discharge and modified Rankin Scale score upto 90 days.9 Studies have also shown higher NETs content in large vessel occlusions with secondary embolism and lower rates of complete recanalisation.51 DNA can modify the fibrin structure to make it more resistant to mechanical forces.5 A positive correlation between NETs percentage and device passes needed for successsful recanalisation has been reported12 and the presence of vWF in retrieved thrombi has also been linked to stroke severity, as measured by NIHSS scores at admission.12 16"}
+{"id": "110706", "text": "Intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator is a key element of emergency treatment for acute ischaemic stroke. Treatment requires administration within 4.5 hours of symptom onset because effectiveness is extremely time dependent.1 However, there is wide variability between services in the volume and speed of thrombolysis treatment and performance is suboptimal in many settings.2 In ambulance services, improvements have been described after raising the response priority level3 for suspected stroke and implementing routine hospital prenotification,4 but the clinical role of paramedics has remained focused on initial identification of symptoms and establishing the onset time."}
+{"id": "110742", "text": "Aging continues to be the most relevant risk factor for AD, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Both aging and neurodegeneration are accompanied by a loss in the ability of the cells to adjust and rewire their metabolic networks to keep a tight balance between energy production and expenditure in an ever-changing environment. Mitochondria work as an adaptable metabolic control, a “rheostat,” that integrates inputs from the intra and extracellular environment to generate functional outputs that adjust cell behavior and energy production and consumption. Several lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial function deteriorates with increasing age and the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. This supports the notion that aging and the neurodegenerative diseases such as AD may share a common root, the failure of the rheostat program. Since Ca2+ is also altered in both conditions and can either energize or overload the rheostat depending on the concentration, understanding how MAM formation is regulated is important. Identifying the players that participate in the regulation to assure a proper Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria is critical in order to determine the real potential of this intracellular signaling platform as an intervention candidate to improve aging and hinder the onset of neurodegenerative disease such as AD."}
+{"id": "110905", "text": "Transgenic models of ADAD are quite different from human models because of species differences and the location and increased amount of expression of the mutated protein. Transgenic models can be useful for drug development, however, because they develop amyloidosis and express altered Aβ peptides similar to human carriers of the mutation. Therapies that show pathological efficacy should therefore also be able to exhibit similar activity in humans; for example, decreasing overall amyloid peptides and normalizing the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio. Because most of the treatments currently in clinical trials have been developed in mice carrying an ADAD mutation, they are likely to be more effective in ADAD compared with SAD. Finally, although all of the mouse models demonstrate disturbances of amyloid production and metabolism, they are not full models of AD. Conclusions about the therapeutic efficacy of drugs tested in mouse models must therefore be made cautiously."}
+{"id": "111205", "text": "The experience of traumatic events in childhood is a strong predictor of psychiatric and somatic pathology later in life, with substantial consequences for general health. Recent epigenetic research further demonstrated the substantial impact of stress and trauma on the next generation. In order to counter the negative effects of childhood psychological trauma, it is necessary to understand the neurobiological processes related to these trajectories. Results from preclinical and human studies link stress hormones like cortisol to structural changes in the brain, reflecting underlying alterations in neuron density and microstructure. Psychological processes like threat processing, heightened emotional reactivity and altered emotional learning are thought to mediate between trauma exposure, structural changes in the brain and later psychopathology. Understanding the developing and still malleable child or adolescent brain after trauma could provide an approach for thwarting negative consequences, particularly because even the adult brain is considered to be susceptible for structural changes after therapeutic interventions. Structural neuroimaging research in traumatised children and adolescents may help to elucidate the effects of childhood adverse events on brain development, however, up till this moment such studies are scarce."}
+{"id": "111483", "text": "In summary, both devices (MERCI retriever and Penumbra System) can safely and effectively revascularize large intracranial vessels in patients experiencing ischemic stroke that present within 8 hours from symptoms onset although whether such revascularization leads to a better functional outcome compared to medical management alone has not been still demonstrated."}
+{"id": "112000", "text": "Likewise we tested as biomarkers for monitoring the response to ICI the circulating EVs isolated from the same serial longitudinal plasma samples described before."}
+{"id": "112006", "text": "It has now been established that the glymphatic system in the brain plays a role analogous to that of the lymphatic system in the body, efficiently removing waste products to the outside of the brain by generating extracellular flow."}
+{"id": "112021", "text": "Recent emerging work indicates that mindfulness-based treatments may also be effective in restoring connectivity between large-scale brain networks among individuals with PTSD, including connectivity between the default mode network and the central executive and salience networks."}
+{"id": "112062", "text": "This study suggested that MT in patients presenting with mild stroke symptoms and acute LVO may be related to good clinical outcomes, especially in the anterior circulation, with a similar risk of sICH. This observational study adds evidence in support of thrombectomy in patients with mild stroke patients in the eastern Chinese population."}
+{"id": "112153", "text": "Our study suggests that Dcc mediates the proper organization of SG assembly and its innervation pattern in the developing auditory circuits. Dcc−/− mice exhibited spatial disorganization of SG cell bodies and fibers in both peripheral and central auditory pathways beginning from E16.5. This distinct developmental time point at which the mispositioning of SGN cell bodies occurs, indicates that the observed phenotypic defects are not due to any abnormality in the initial delamination of neuroblasts from the otocyst when forming the SG aggregate, which occurs at around E1045. Although the development of central projections occurs earlier than the peripheral, with the central projections reaching the hindbrain at around E11.546, in the Dcc mutant the central and peripheral auditory projections developed defective phenotypes around the same time. This suggests that Dcc affects a developmental process common for the central and peripheral auditory projections."}
+{"id": "112394", "text": "The TNFI treatment could increase the risk of progression of both latent and newly acquired MTB infection by restricting macrophage function to control the growth of intracellular MTB. However, regarding NTM, for which latent infection is not recognized, harmful effects of TNFI are likely limited to promoting the acquisition of new NTM infection or the progression of an existing infection. The difference in the TNFI related risks between MTB and NTM provide clinical implications that strategies to prevent MTB and NTM should be different. Screening and treating LTBI prior to use of TNFI have clear evidence to reduce the risk of MTB infection. Current evidence might not yet be sufficient to recommend screening and prevention for NTM infection prior to starting TNFI in RA patients. We demonstrated TNFI treatment in RA patients could be a risk factor for NTM disease, which may promote the progression of preexisting unrecognized NTM infection. NTM screening including chest imaging and systemic symptom review might result in early detection of NTM disease that require antimicrobial therapy in TNFI-treated RA patients."}
+{"id": "112398", "text": "Our data support the concept that some portion of CSF can spread to the brain surface PVS in vivo, at least under anesthetized conditions where there is reduced CSF outflow. We have also observed a spread of tracer from the PVS of arteries to the PVS of veins on the brain surface, consistent with the recently published concept of low resistance pathways for CSF flow at this location [6]. It will be interesting to examine at an anatomical level whether connections are present between the leptomeningeal sheaths of the PVS of arteries and veins. CSF may also spread along the large vessels that penetrate from the ventral aspect into the brain, such as into the midbrain as shown in MRI studies [15]. A recent MRI study in humans has shown that the diffusion of a low molecular weight contrast agent into the brain parenchyma correlated with the availability of the contrast agent in the surrounding CSF [47]. Thus, a dynamic balance between CSF turnover and CSF solute distribution to the brain may exist that could be altered under different physiological or pathological conditions."}
+{"id": "112547", "text": "Aim: Under-achievement in school has long been recognized in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and several studies have focused on handwriting as a link between poor motor control and academic success. For example, recent studies have found that children with DCD produced less text than their typically developing (TD) peers and paused for 60% of a free-writing task. The importance of this finding was highlighted in earlier studies which found a consistent relationship between the amount children wrote and the composition quality of the output, suggesting that being able to produce enough text is a pre-requisite to writing good composition. Interpreting these results through a theory of limited cognitive capacity, it was suggested that lack of automaticity in the production of the handwriting served to slow children down, but little is known about how the nature of the writing task interacts with the handwriting difficulty to increase the impact of the disorder. The aim of this study was to test capacity theory by manipulating the cognitive load of different writing tasks in English children with and without DCD and measuring the relative responses."}
+{"id": "112638", "text": "Overall, the analysis of EVs cargo may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of VP and serve as a potential biomarker for early detection and risk stratification."}
+{"id": "112657", "text": "We demonstrated that a LSTM neural network can incorporate volumetric data that is extracted automatically from baseline and 24-hour CT imaging and provide highly precise predictions of which patients will require surgery or die from malignant edema. This deep learning framework substantially outperformed a fully connected neural network, traditional regression models and the validated EDEMA nomogram for predicting cases of malignant edema. Our approach is also transparent, providing outputs from the neural network that explain how each individual prediction was made. Stroke severity and asymmetry of hemispheric CSF volumes on routine CT at 24-hours contributed the most to prediction of malignant edema. With further validation in prospective cohorts, this automated approach could assist in the accurate selection of which patients will require surgery, prior to deterioration."}
+{"id": "112802", "text": "It is notable that both the dichotomous approach and ordinal shift analysis demonstrated that patients with wake‐up strokes that who received thrombolytic treatment achieved more favorable long‐term functional outcomes compared to the patients who did not receive subjects alteplase. The above data prove the effectiveness of reperfusion therapy with this particular type of stroke. However, studies have not yet shown that thrombolysis can significantly increase the proportion of stroke patients with early neurological improvement. This may indicate that thrombolysis improves long‐term prognosis and does not cause significant fluctuations in the clinical status in the acute stage of stroke."}
+{"id": "112852", "text": "From April 2016 to December 2018, 334 consecutive patients with anterior circulation infarction undergoing endovascular therapy were enrolled in our study. sICH was defined using Heidelberg bleeding classification after endovascular therapy. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the potential risk factors of sICH after endovascular therapy. We used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and nomogram analysis to assess the overall discriminative ability of the HAR in predicting sICH after endovascular therapy."}
+{"id": "112876", "text": "Dopamine and eCB signaling are central elements in the regulation of prefrontal microcircuits and their dysregulation is associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders that typically first present in adolescence. During adolescence, prefrontal circuits undergo important developmental changes which support the emergence of adaptive adult behaviors. Dopamine and eCB prefrontal systems have a similar delayed maturation during adolescence characterized by transitory increases in receptors expression, gradual increases in neurotransmitter levels and important changes in synaptic effects. Given their interactions with different neuronal populations and effects at different synaptic sites, adolescent remodeling of these systems may play a key role in the successful maturation of prefrontal circuits and their functioning."}
+{"id": "113345", "text": "This review presents a detailed summary of the current literature regarding RLS and vitamin D deficiency. To our knowledge it is the first review of its kind. We review the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in RLS as well as the evidence for the use of vitamin D supplementation in RLS management. We further examine the literature for proteomic and genetic evidence of a role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of RLS. An alteration in vitamin D binding protein in RLS is one of the most consistent findings in the proteomic studies. Furthermore, we examine the interaction of vitamin D with calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone and the possible role of these connections in RLS. We also explore the possible nexus between RLS and vitamin D in renal disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease as well as inflammation. In addition, we review the potential interaction between vitamin D and RLS with iron, dopamine and other neurotransmitter systems including the endogenous opiate, serotoninergic, glutamatergic and adenosinergic systems. We also explore the role of vitamin D in RLS Augmentation (i.e., the paradoxical worsening of RLS symptoms when dopaminergic agents are used as a therapy for RLS). Although the literature is not entirely consistent in affirming vitamin D deficiency in RLS or the amelioration of RLS symptoms with vitamin D therapy, the collective studies overall indicate that vitamin D deficiency is common enough in RLS patients to suggest that RLS patients should have their vitamin D levels checked and any deficiency corrected as a standard of care."}
+{"id": "113369", "text": "In the present study, the data obtained clearly demonstrated that AI models exhibited superior diagnostic accuracy compared to novice radiologists. This finding aligns with previous research studies that have also reported the effectiveness of AI models in improving diagnostic accuracy [43] The results suggest that AI models have the potential to serve as decision support systems (DSS) for novice radiologists, assisting them in their training and enhancing the quality of their work. In conclusion, the data from this study support the notion that AI models outperform novice radiologists in terms of diagnostic accuracy, which is consistent with previous research. The potential use of AI models as DSS tools for beginners holds promise in improving their training and improving the quality of their work. More research and implementation efforts are needed to explore the optimal integration of AI models into radiology practice and to assess their long-term impact on patient outcomes."}
+{"id": "113375", "text": "Epigenetics is another field of study that relies primarily on the epigenetic regulation of pathology in AD to help elucidate potential biomarker candidates for the disease. The term epigenetics refers to the dynamic regulation in genomic functions that occur independently of DNA sequence and the modification of DNA and chromatin that leads to key characteristic aberrations of the disease. Abnormalities in the amyloid precursor protein, Aβ, and the hyperphosphorylation are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, and it is plausible that alterations in these genes contribute to the pathways of the disease. By altering the structure of chromatin, and thereby the transcription and expression of the genes, epigenetic processes are capable of altering cellular function. The primary targets of epigenetic regulation are methylation and histone modification of the chromatin; therefore, technologies to determine DNA methylation and histone modification profiles could prove particularly useful in determining genetic variations and genes responsible for the proliferation of AD. Additionally, critical changes are projected to be in epigenetic structures occurring during progression of the disease, leading to significant alterations in the molecular structure of several cells, tissues, and organs."}
+{"id": "113880", "text": "The metabolic pathways identified in this study have been previously implicated in drug resistance in cancer [28,30,31]. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between exosomal metabolites and NAC response in patients with BC. The metabolic signatures identified in this study could be used to stratify patients with BC before the administration of NAC to predict treatment response and improve disease outcomes. Although these data provide a foundation for identifying metabolic signatures in patients with RD and pCR after NAC, the main caveat of the present study is the small cohort size and lack of in vitro validation data. Further validation of these findings in large cohorts of patients treated with NAC is warranted. Moreover, an evaluation of the role of the BC subtype and type of chemotherapy could provide valuable information regarding the differential metabolomic signatures associated with response to NAC in patients with BC. Lastly, one of the major limitations of the present study is that we analyzed total exosomes in plasma with vesicles contributed by almost all cell types, including BC cells. Therefore, the exosome characterization and cargo analyses presented here are not specific to BC. Any metabolic analyses in plasma exosomes could only serve as a biomarker of association with the treatment outcome pCR or RD; and very remotely an indirect measure of BC tumor or its microenvironment components. In future studies, there is a need to first enrich BC cells-derived exosomes from total plasma exosomes towards the development of more specific biomarkers and the identification of potential therapeutic targets."}
+{"id": "113886", "text": "We found that the baseline NIHSS score was lower in patients who were taking ACEI prior to their stroke compared to those who were not taking ACEI at the time of stroke onset. The NIHSS is accepted widely for measuring acute stroke deficits to assess the degree of severity of neurological deficits from stroke and its reliability has been tested in several clinical trials [6-8]."}
+{"id": "113992", "text": "The present results demonstrate a significant association between elevated FBG after stroke and poor functional outcome in patients without pre-diagnosed diabetes, but not in diabetics. This finding confirms the importance of glycemic control during acute phase of ischemic stroke especially in patients without pre-diagnosed diabetes. Further investigation for developing optimal strategies to control blood glucose level in hyperglycemic setting is therefore of great importance."}
+{"id": "114305", "text": "Higher serum UA was independently associated with a higher occurrence of spontaneous HT in male patients who were admitted within 24 h after the stroke onset without receiving reperfusion therapy."}
+{"id": "114549", "text": "DCCs were used as coordinators of discharge planning, educators of patients and their families/carers, and sources of information for other MDT members at both hospitals. In addition to the DCC, the regional hospital employed specific documentation to assist with discharge planning from time of admission. It was useful in both tertiary and regional settings to have the role of DCC within the MDT to perform these coordination and education tasks. In particular, it was useful for patients and families to have a clearly identified contact person to whom questions could be addressed. The DCC was more freely available than medical staff for discussions with patients and families, and better able to address concerns about the involvement of community services and residential aged care. In addition to having the role of DCC present within the MDT, other clinicians also found it useful to have consistency in the staff allocated to those roles and to particular wards."}
+{"id": "114574", "text": "This study has determined the role of cerebral vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid and tracers into and out of the brain. Soluble tracers such as Aβ enter capillary basement membranes from the extracellular spaces and drain out of the brain along the basement membranes of cerebral capillaries and arteries as part of the rapid and direct lymphatic drainage of the brain parenchyma. This pathway does not allow drainage of nanoparticles or of antigen presenting cells to regional lymph nodes; it also fails as arteries age and is further blocked by the deposition of amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Lymphatic drainage pathways play a significant role in neuroimmunology and are an important factor in maintaining immunological privilege. Failure of elimination of Aβ along perivascular drainage pathways is a significant factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. A different periarterial pathway allows CSF and nanoparticles to penetrate the brain from the CSF as part of the convective influx/glymphatic system; this pathway is the pial-glial basement membrane that can be expanded by particulate matter. Questions still remain regarding the dynamics and physiology of basement membrane pathways for transport of fluid into and out of the brain, not least is the question of how the capillary basement membrane appears to allow passage of fluid and tracers in more than one direction within the same structure."}
+{"id": "114688", "text": "Mutations within and immediately flanking the Aβ region of APP cause aggressive forms of FAD."}
+{"id": "114766", "text": "Table 13 Comparison of Different Composite Scores for Predicting HT in AIS Patients"}
+{"id": "114842", "text": "The present results could have a possible implication towards drug development for the treatment of AD. Were the positive effect on cognitive function observed only in FT mice exhibiting mutations in both APP and Tau, one could argue that such mutations are not necessarily seen in AD patients. The positive effect of the peptides mixture on the cognitive functions in the 5xFAD animal model refutes this argument. A significant difference between the two animal models is that in the FT mice, the peptide treatment reduced drastically the plaque accumulation in the brain, an effect that was not observed in the 5xFAD mice. However, accumulation of soluble Aβ 1-42 was reduced in brains of both models."}
+{"id": "114898", "text": "The fact that a better overlap was obtained between Maire cohort and TCGA when restricting the analysis to the TNBC subtype compared to when using all samples may at first seem counterintuitive since using more samples should allow better power to detect correlations. However, this observation may be explained by the fact that when considering all breast cancer subtypes and healthy samples together, a larger part of the variation in the transcriptome data will arise from factors that are not directly linked to miRNA activity. For example, when putting together data from the luminal and non luminal subtypes, much of the variation will be associated with the status of the estrogen receptor pathway. Such variation can induce an important correlation structure in the data that may confuse the detection of the much subtler variation associated with miRNA regulation. The proposed algorithm can be considered a suitable tool to elucidate the regulatory role of miRNAs in physiological conditions."}
+{"id": "115681", "text": "The present study showed a significant correlation between CSF flow resistance and brain tissue motion in the cerebellum for CMI subjects. This correlation suggests a potential relationship between these two factors. It can be hypothesized that increased CSF flow resistance might contribute to the displacement of the cerebellum in CMI subjects. Therefore, measuring CSF flow resistance could potentially serve as an additional diagnostic tool in conjunction with existing imaging techniques to aid in the identification and diagnosis of CMI subjects in clinical practice. This result provides evidence for theories that relate increased CSF flow resistance to greater brain tissue motion. This is particularly true for CMI cases with greater crowding. The exact mechanisms underlying the correlation between CSF flow resistance and brain tissue motion in CMI patients are not fully understood, and more research is needed to elucidate these relationships."}
+{"id": "115953", "text": "Family studies support the hypothesis of a genetic p factor in that genetic influences on psychopathology appear to be general across disorders rather than specific to each disorder. For example, psychiatric disorders do not breed true—parental psychopathology predicts offspring psychiatric disorders but with little specificity. Family research has found substantial genetic correlations between pairs of disorders, such as Major Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Genetic overlap between internalizing and externalizing higher-order constructs has also been noted, consistent with the hypothesis of a general p factor. The culmination of this research is a recent study of more than 3 million full and half-siblings using Swedish national register data that found evidence for a general genetic factor that pervades eight major psychiatric disorders as well as convictions for violent crimes. Although genetic correlations were not presented, the average loading was 0.45 on a general genetic factor."}
+{"id": "116023", "text": "Although more studies are needed to determine how the LNP is sensed and how pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6 production are regulated. Age is another factor that can influence vaccine response. The progressive decline in the function of the immune system with increasing age is a condition known as immunosenescence which not only leads to decreased protection against infectious pathogens but also leads to the inability to mount protective immune responses following vaccination. An age associated decrease in protection against infectious pathogens is demonstrated by the increased mortality rates in individuals above 65 years of age following infection. An increase in mortality in aged individuals was clearly demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic where individuals aged 65–74 were upwards of 95 times more likely to die from SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared to the 18–29-year-old population. With the global population over the age of 65 expected to double by the year 2050, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of immunosenescence to effectively protect this portion of the population."}
+{"id": "116644", "text": "Furthermore, deterioration in olfactory identification has been associated not only with the transition from MCI to AD, but also with faster cognitive deterioration. Olfactory identification may even precede cognitive impairment because of findings in early pathological analyses of the cohorts found strong relation between the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal cortex and CA1 hippocampus regions of the central olfactory system, identified often as the first site of clinicopathological alterations because of AD)."}
+{"id": "116902", "text": "We showed that plasma EVs from MHE patients had altered miRNA and protein contents and were enriched in inflammatory factors, which could play a main role in the changes in peripheral inflammation described in these patients. Moreover, EVs from MHE patients showed altered contents of immune and neuronal cell markers, indicating a different cellular origin than for EVs from NMHE patients and the controls."}
+{"id": "116958", "text": "The resistance of tumour cells to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the greatest challenges for its pharmacological treatment. In a heterogeneous tumour environment the way in which less aggressive cells are able to change their phenotype towards greater aggressiveness and resistance has been observed. This is due to the transfer of miRNA, mRNA and proteins released by the exosomes from one cell to another cell."}
+{"id": "117079", "text": "The survival rate of malignant MCA infarction treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy was the same as previous reports. MCA infarction mortality increased with age and lower admission GCS score."}
+{"id": "117112", "text": "Studies of the secretion of EVs by various cells under diverse conditions suggest that there are many subsets of EVs composed of different genetic materials and proteins including surface markers and other biomaterials [52, 53]. If we wish to make a library of EVs of interest, including their roles in physiology and their future therapeutic potential, information regarding their in vivo distribution, clearance, and kinetics should be noted for each subtype of EVs. To elucidate the physiology of various subsets of EVs, novel methods of isolation and purification of these subsets as well as efficient methods for their in vivo characterization will be needed to understand intercellular communication between EV donor cells and receptor cells or distant organs."}
+{"id": "117138", "text": "A transient episode of middle cerebral artery occlusion via microclip was produced to elicit mild ischemic changes—predominantly scattered necrosis. This was followed 1 or 3 days later by a repeat of the same insult. Brain damage assessed histologically 7 days later was substantially greater in the 1 day recurrent group than the 3 days recurrent group, with areas of damage consisting predominantly of regions of incomplete infarction and pannecrosis in the 1 day group but predominantly regions of selective necrosis and smaller areas of incomplete infarction in the 3 days group (P < 0.05). Enhanced injury was reflected by greater number of cells staining for macrophages/microglia with ED1 and greater alterations in GFAP staining of reactive astrocytes in the 1 day than 3 days recurrent groups. The differential susceptibility to injury did not correspond to higher levels of injurious factors present at the time of the second insult such as BBB disruption or increased cytokines (tumor necrosis factor). Microglial activation, with potential for some beneficial effects, appeared greater at 3 days than 1 day. Also blood analysis demonstrated changes that included an acute increase in granulocytes and decrease in platelets at 1 day compared to 3 days post transient ischemia."}
+{"id": "117145", "text": "Here we highlighted that the communication between the periphery and the brain, through the brain barriers, is compromised in aging and in AD. Not only alterations in the brain barrier transport mechanisms may influence clearance of Aβ out of the brain, but also homeostatic mechanisms present at the brain barriers, such as their secretome and receptor-mediated signaling, can participate in the neuroinflammation observed in AD. While the literature is revealing that the barriers are active participants in brain homeostasis, additional studies are still required to fully understand on how the barriers function is altered in aging and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD."}
+{"id": "117355", "text": "Tau protein released on death of neurons may also induce a neurotoxic effect on hippocampal neurons by activation of the M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors. An essential component that links both effects is a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) [153]. TNAP is abundant in the central nervous system and is mainly required to keep control over the extracellular levels of phosphorylated compounds. TNAP dephosphorylates overphosphorylated tau once it is released upon neuronal death. Only the dephosphorylated tau behaves as an agonist of muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors, provoking a robust and sustained intracellular calcium increase finally triggering neuronal death. An increase in TNAP activity together with increase of protein and its transcript level were detected in AD patients. These observations indicate that TNAP promotes the neurotoxicity of extracellular tau which contributes to the spread of pathology in AD."}
+{"id": "117514", "text": "Intensive blood pressure lowering in acute intracerebral hemorrhage using a strong antihypertensive agent such as intravenous nicardipine seems to improve functional outcome of patients, especially when hypertensive arteriopathy is the potential pathology of intracerebral hemorrhage."}
+{"id": "117656", "text": "Using individual level data we also applied a three stage approach where we first estimated the fitted values of the height genetic risk score with height, second the fitted values of a BMI genetic risk score with BMI and finally we used these fitted values to estimate the direct effect of height on the outcomes49,58. The weighted regression method for calculating the direct effect is also equivalent to a two-stage regression method, except that the first stage also regresses the mediator on the genetic variants, and the second stage regresses the outcome on fitted values of the exposure and fitted values of the mediator. This two-stage approach can be undertaken to estimate the direct effect when individual-level data are available27,49."}
+{"id": "117734", "text": "EVs contain a variety of biological molecules that were present in the cells from which they were derived such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. EVs released from cells not only exist in the microenvironment nearby the host cells but also are present in blood and transferred to distant sites by systemic circulation. For the past decade, it has been demonstrated that EVs are multifunctional vesicles that can exert a variety of biological effects and that EVs in body fluids such as blood and urine can be a promising biomarker for a number of diseases. In the field of cancer research, earlier studies demonstrated that EVs secreted from cancer cells determine the site where metastasis takes place and that EVs in blood are useful for diagnosis of colon and pancreatic cancer and thereafter numerous reports have been published about their function and potential as a biomarker."}
+{"id": "117777", "text": "A growing body of evidence links systemic inflammation and AD pathogenesis in the brain. Although the overall impact of the activated brain immune system on AD pathological features is complicated and still controversial, it is clear that it could be affected by the peripheral immune system. Direct or indirect modulation of the brain immune system from the periphery could be a new strategy to alter AD progression. The cerebral vasculature, especially the BBB, is an important interface linking peripheral inflammation and the AD brain (Figure 1). It remains unclear how exactly systemic inflammation could damage the integrity and function of the BBB and alter cognitive function, and the mechanisms need to be elucidated in order to develop new treatments for AD focusing on vascular and other interface pathology."}
+{"id": "117853", "text": "A hallmark symptom of PTSD is the uncontrollable intrusion of memories of the traumatic event(s) that result in high levels of emotional arousal and distress. During extreme occurrences of such unbidden reminiscences in flashbacks or nightmares these symptoms become so intense that the present is perceived as an illusion while the past is considered as the actual reality. What neurocognitive mechanisms are driving this memory disorder? In healthy participants, repeated, voluntary suppression of retrieving previously learned material leads to subsequent forgetting. Several studies have proposed that the ability to voluntarily suppress unwanted memories could protect against the development of PTSD and alleviate the accompanying symptoms of memory intrusions. Indeed, recent behavioral data suggest a link between deficits in memory suppression and PTSD."}
+{"id": "117868", "text": "In summary, rapamycin, a common immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplantation, is currently undergoing pre-clinical investigation as an alternative pharmacotherapeutic for AD. Because APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for AD and rapamycin can modulate the adverse physiologic consequences of APOE4, this agent could be considered as a prophylactic measure for APOE4 carriers. Future studies should be conducted to evaluate the ability of rapamycin to prevent or slow AD disease progression long term, with treatment beginning in very early stages perhaps in a humanized APOE model also exhibiting amyloid and τ pathology."}
+{"id": "117908", "text": "Dabigatran, the first novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) with a reversal agent, heralded a paradigm shift in the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The potential for life-threatening hemorrhagic events with the use of NOACs has been highly debated since the effectiveness of reversal agents such as idarucizumab is based primarily on pharmacologic data. It is known that cancer patients are at an increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulation, though specific studies demonstrating the risks or efficacy of NOACs in this population are lacking. We provide the first report of hemopericardium resulting in multiorgan failure related to dabigatran use that was successfully reversed by idarucizumab in a man with prostate cancer on chemotherapy."}
+{"id": "117967", "text": "In conclusion, real-time flow MRI enables rapid and robust assessment of CSF velocities and volumes in the entire human spinal canal. This study revealed a watershed-like pattern of CSF movement during forced breathing where the divide could be identified at about the level of the heart. Forced inspiration distinctly perturbed that pattern and induced an upsurge of apparently the entire spinal CSF volume, whereas during the accompanying deep expiration the resting flow pattern was resumed. It can be postulated that the CSF flow counterbalances the effects of respiratory pressure changes in the tightly interconnected venous systems not only in the head and neck but also in the lower part of the body. These findings significantly expand our understanding of spinal CSF dynamics in humans. Translating real-time phase-contrast MRI to clinical applications will be of eminent importance to unravel the pathological mechanisms underlying spinal cord disorders such as syringomyelia and to open new options for therapies and respective evaluations."}
+{"id": "117999", "text": "There is growing evidence that hypertension is the most important vascular risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The brain is an early target of hypertension-induced organ damage and may manifest as stroke, subclinical cerebrovascular abnormalities and cognitive decline. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these harmful effects remain to be completely clarified. Hypertension is well known to alter the structure and function of cerebral blood vessels not only through its haemodynamics effects but also for its relationships with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. In the last several years, new possible mechanisms have been suggested to recognize the molecular basis of these pathological events. Accordingly, this review summarizes the factors involved in hypertension-induced brain complications, such as haemodynamic factors, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, inflammation and intervention of innate immune system, with particular regard to the role of Toll-like receptors that have to be considered dominant components of the innate immune system. The complete definition of their prognostic role in the development and progression of hypertensive brain damage will be of great help in the identification of new markers of vascular damage and the implementation of innovative targeted therapeutic strategies."}
+{"id": "118374", "text": "In addition to the changes observed in migration and proliferation, CEE addition resulted in alterations of the gene expression profile. CEE contains numerous components that have stimulatory and/or inhibitory roles in stem cell differentiation and cell cycle. Our real time‐PCR data obtained from the experimental group supplemented with CEE revealed an upregulation of VEGF, BDNF and GDNF. Hair follicle stem cells express numerous neurotrophic and angiogenic factors with VEGF and BDNF being among them. VEGF signalling guides neuronal migration and axon pathfinding independently from its vascular effects. Besides the neuroprotective effects of VEGF in neurodegenerative disease, it has several contextual roles in various neurological diseases, including trauma, stroke and multiple sclerosis. BDNF expression was also increased in these stem cells by CEE treatment. BDNF is the most common neurotrophin in the brain and its expression is affected in several neurological conditions. , To date, various strategies based on BDNF administration are designed to restore BDNF function in neurodegenerative diseases. One of the possible therapeutic strategies to increase BDNF levels in the brain is to graft cells that are engineered to stably express this trophic factor. Expression of BDNF has been confirmed in naïve hair follicle stem cells. Thus, CEE treatment might serve as a preconditioning strategy to enhance the baseline expression of BDNF, which makes them a proper cell type for transplantation under conditions like ischemic stroke. Another trophic factor whose expression was elevated by CEE treatment was GDNF. The therapeutic potential of GDNF has been extensively studied in different disorders with disturbed dopamine homeostasis and this treatment strategy might benefit a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders."}
+{"id": "118380", "text": "Although the exact mechanisms by which RIC reduces ischemic injury in the brain remain unclear, the currently accepted hypothesis is that preconditioning, perconditioning and postconditioning are all involve in both humoral and neural mechanisms. RIC has been successfully reproduced by dozens of experimental laboratories but translation to the human clinical setting is still a challenge. Despite many clinical trials shown protection to the heart, large randomized controlled trials found no improvement in clinical outcome and mortality in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting. Several trials are currently ongoing to explore the effects of RIC in ischemic stroke patients. Data from these trials will help to better understand the effectiveness of RIC in AIS patients and will guide potential future implementation of RIC in the clinical practice."}
+{"id": "118470", "text": "This paper aims to review past and current efforts to use tau as a biomarker for AD and highlights how these studies point the way to a possible tau-based biological signature for each stage of Alzheimer’s disease."}
+{"id": "118479", "text": "Accumulating evidence account for a role for EVs in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including AD and PD; however, the role of EVs in neuron-glial communication under normal physiological conditions remains under investigated. Deciphering the role of EVs under physiological conditions is crucial for developing therapies to cure or alleviate neurological diseases. For instance, a lipidomic analysis of the composition of brain-derived EVs from patients affected by the different neurodegenerative diseases would be instrumental to identify potential resolution defects associated to a specific pathology and such information could be used to design personalized nanomedicines loaded with specific SPMs (either obtained from EVs extracted from young healthy humans and/or bioengineered) and administrated to patients. However, more information on the specific mechanisms of cell recognition and internalization of EVs by recipient cells as well as how cargoes are unloaded and processed by the recipient cells is required to develop such targeted treatments."}
+{"id": "118853", "text": "In our study, CBF was used as a quantitative method to calculate the cerebral blood flow of edematous tissue around a hematoma and its surrounding tissue after early hemorrhage, so as to study the correlation between the cerebral blood flow and the hematoma expansion."}
+{"id": "118983", "text": "NIHSS score 24 h after admission is a strong predictive factor for the occurrence of ASz in patients with ischemic stroke caused by LVO. The semiology of ASz varied over time, with GTCS occurring more frequently in the first 24 h after stroke."}
+{"id": "118987", "text": "The results of untargeted metabolomic analyses of cerebral thrombi revealed the importance of glycemia at stroke onset for the clinical outcome of patients with large vessel occlusion successfully recanalized by mechanical thrombectomy within 6 h of symptom onset. Our findings highlight the beneficial effect of glucose at stroke onset on the clinical outcome contrasting with the unfavorable outcome related to hyperglycemia at admission [4,5]. Our study also showed that metabolomic analyses of cerebral thrombi is an efficient tool for the prediction of the clinical outcome. Furthermore, our results indicate that a high sorbitol level in cerebral thrombi, reflecting a higher glycemia level at stroke onset, was strongly associated with favorable clinical outcome."}
+{"id": "119061", "text": "Alcohol consumption in drinkers showed little association with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, although there was some suggestion for increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage with higher alcohol consumption. There was no significant association between physical activity and risk for any stroke type."}
+{"id": "119122", "text": "Randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of craniectomy for the treatment of malignant cerebral edema following ischemic stroke. We sought to determine the prevalence and outcomes related to this by using a national database."}
+{"id": "119135", "text": "Figure 3 and Table S1 in the Supplementary Materials show the accuracy of the interpretations of individual readers."}
+{"id": "119139", "text": "There are a multiple reports and studies proving that RNA, found in the exosome, has the potential to become a powerful biomarker for stroke diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The value of the exosome as a biomarker in the treatment of stroke has also been determined and future research will need to identify specific sources of RNA in circulating and tissue secreted exosomes."}
+{"id": "119185", "text": "The other domain, which showed fair levels of agreement in our study, was the emotional symptoms domain. Our sample was comprised of diagnosed and treated outpatients. Children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with emotional disorders have been found to show vast improvement during outpatient treatment as measured by the SDQ. The agreement between adolescents and caregivers in the emotional symptoms domain could be as a result of adolescents being more open about their emotions to their parents, who are also more receptive and sensitive to the emotional needs of their child after attending and receiving help from an outpatient clinic. Similar results were reported from China, where parents and adolescents share close relationships. In close adolescent–caregiver relationships, parents may be more attentive and better understand the emotional problems of their children. The weakest level of agreement related to questions 13 and 16, which asked about feelings of unhappiness and nervousness in new situations, respectively. These questions are very subjective and hint at internalising symptoms, which parents are often unaware of. Various reports support the theory that parents are not able to detect symptoms of internalising disorders as readily as externalising disorders."}
+{"id": "119278", "text": "Patient data between January 2013 and January 2022 were retrieved from the institute database. Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO and who subsequently underwent CT evaluation followed by mechanical thrombectomy were included in the study. Patients with posterior circulation stroke, who had no clinical data, and those who did not undergo pretreatment CT imaging were excluded from the study. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 patients were selected for the study. Figure 2 shows the visual representation of the workflow of the study."}
+{"id": "119294", "text": "At least three agents for active immunotherapy of AD have reached Phase II of clinical development."}
+{"id": "119472", "text": "One of the most important players in the regulation of the development and plasticity of interneurons, especially of those expressing PV, are the PNNs. A reduction in the density of PNNs has been described in the PFC of schizophrenic subjects and in rodent models of this disorder. Our present results show a decrease in the density of PNNs and also in that of PV-PNNs in PrL and IL of DHM mice, in agreement with the previous literature. Interestingly, we have also described for the first time a reduction in the density of PV interneurons surrounded by PNNs due to THC administration during the adolescence. These alterations in the PNNs surrounding PV+ interneurons found in the model and in THC-treated animals should have an important impact on the connectivity and physiology of these inhibitory neurons. Future studies should be directed to explore whether THC administration during adolescence may induce alterations in the synaptic input and output (specially the perisomatic innervation on pyramidal neurons) or the physiology of PV+ interneurons. Another interesting possibility is whether, since a reduced PV-PNN density has been associated with immature stages of cortical development, the reductions found in our model and after THC treatment may have contributed to an extended vulnerability of this structure to environmental events."}
+{"id": "119475", "text": "Consistent with our data, an over activation of NMDA receptor has been linked to abnormal Aβ deposition in AD and memantine has been demonstrated to decrease Aβ secretion in human cells or transgenic mice."}
+{"id": "119514", "text": "To conclude, in this study we found that less directed exploration was associated with greater levels of anxiety and depression, and that this was explained in part by a type of ambiguity aversion in which information-seeking was elevated in contexts where it would not benefit subsequent choices – and may relate to broader patterns of intolerance of uncertainty. We also found that differences in directed exploration were accounted for by trait differences in cognitive reflectiveness, and that reflectiveness was also lower in those with greater depression/anxiety symptoms; yet, reflectiveness and exploration accounted for unique variance in symptoms. Reflectiveness levels further accounted for decision noise, reaction times, and choice accuracy. Together, these results shed light on the mechanisms underlying information-seeking behavior and how they may contribute to symptoms of emotional disorders. Although many effect sizes were small, they also suggest the possibility that reflectiveness and exploration could represent clinically relevant mechanisms in the subset of individuals who show low levels of these tendencies – consistent with the need to develop individualized precision medicine approaches within computational psychiatry. Future research should replicate this work and could extend it by examining the role of reflectiveness in other psychiatric contexts as well as how exploration is affected in situations that require avoidance of negative outcomes."}
+{"id": "119904", "text": "Mechanical thrombolysis involves the use of catheters to directly deliver a clot-disrupting or retrieval device to a thromboembolus that is occluding a cerebral artery. This approach can improve the rate and speed of recanalization and could decrease the incidence of intracranial haemorrhage compared with intra-arterial pharmaceutical lytics. Case reports and small case series suggested that the use of intravascular devices for clot removal in the endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke can be considered for patients who are not thrombolytic candidates, such as those that have had a recent surgical procedure or are under anticoagulation treatment [38, 39]."}
+{"id": "119927", "text": "The rationale was that to have a strong impact on gene expression and finally on the physiological function of the different CNS structures, specific miRNAs should be highly regulated in one structure compared with all other ones. In addition to the statistical criterion used to define differentially expressed miRNAs, we used a second criterion for specificity. We first searched for enriched miRNAs, and we selected as specifically enriched miRNAs, those with a log 2 of the fold change (log2FC) greater than four, meaning that the expression of the given miRNA was at least 16 times higher in this structure than in any other structures."}
+{"id": "119933", "text": "The ADC map was automatically generated by the console of the manufacturer (AW VolumeShare 5; GE Healthcare). Linear regression was used to calculate ADC maps. Breast lesions were reviewed and manually delineated by 2 independent radiologists with 10 and 5 years' experience in breast MRI, respectively, and blinded to other imaging or clinicopathological findings other than the presence of breast masses. The lesions were manually delineated with a circular region of interest placed within the primary lesions to include an area as large as possible within the confines of the actual lesions. The mean and maximum ADC values of lesions were denoted as ADCmean and ADCmax, respectively. ADC measurements were performed at least 3 times by 2 independent observers and the average ADC was recorded as the final result. The volume of the lesions was calculated by counting the number of voxels delineated on lesion maps and then multiplied by the size of the voxel."}
+{"id": "119955", "text": "This study showed evidence of poorer emotional processing in patients who had augmentation compared to RLS patients without augmentation and healthy controls. The altered exploration pattern of faces and the higher alexithymia scores suggest abnormalities in emotion processing in patients with augmentation."}
+{"id": "119992", "text": "Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterised by abnormal psychotic symptoms which impair the ability of an individual to function. Symptoms often first manifest at around the age of 20 and can be broadly categorised into either positive or negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include sensory hallucinations and delusions while negative symptoms include social withdrawal and apathy. Although the causes of schizophrenia are still unknown, it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development."}
+{"id": "120005", "text": "Cytokines are one of the major regulators of inflammation. These small proteins are secreted by a wide range of cell types and they can promote or inhibit immune responses. A comprehensive work published by Minciullo and collaborators reviewed the role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in aging and longevity. Interestingly, the balance between the promoters and inhibitors of immune responses has been related to healthy aging and longevity. On the contrary, the destabilization of the system and the increase of proinflammatory cytokines results in inflammaging."}
+{"id": "120218", "text": "Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain and is essential to memory formation through processes such as long-term potentiation and so might be pivotal to Alzheimer disease progression. This review discusses how the glutamatergic system is impaired in Alzheimer disease and how interactions of amyloid β and glutamate influence synaptic function, tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration."}
+{"id": "120244", "text": "Minocycline has been shown to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases and reduce HT in rodents following rtPA, and the role of minocycline has been studied in the WAIMATSS multicenter trial."}
+{"id": "120249", "text": "Our findings suggest an increasing burden of stroke in Africa. However, with the current low availability of data, there is still need for more research on stroke, and related vascular disease risk factors to appropriately quantify this burden. An investment in research capacity, basically to conduct and fund higher quality research may help raise awareness on stroke burden in Africa. An awareness and fair understanding of stroke burden and disease pattern in Africa may further prompt appropriate policy response and scale up current intervention programmes."}
+{"id": "120391", "text": "According to our results and afore-mentioned evidence, it is tempting to speculate that the circulating exosomes obtained from obese subjects could interfere with hepatic insulin signaling pathways and contribute to hepatic insulin resistance and possibly consequent NAFLD."}
+{"id": "120570", "text": "Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain, thus determining a lack of oxygen and nutrient supply. The ischemic event leads to the activation of several molecular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and the production of reactive oxygen species, causing irreversible neuronal damage. Several studies have focused on the acute phase of ischemic stroke. It is not clear if this traumatic event can influence some of the molecular processes in the affected area even years after the clinical event. In our study, we performed an in silico analysis using freely available raw data with the purpose of evaluating the transcriptomic state of post-mortem brain tissue. The samples were taken from non-fatal ischemic stroke patients, meaning that they suffered an ischemic stroke and lived for a period of about 2 years after the event. These samples were compared with healthy controls. The aim was to evaluate possible recovery processes useful to mitigating neuronal damage and the detrimental consequences of stroke. Our results highlighted differentially expressed genes codifying for proteins along with long non-coding genes with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant functions. This suggests that even after an amount of time from the ischemic insult, different neuroprotective mechanisms are activated to ameliorate brain conditions and repair post-stroke neuronal injury."}
+{"id": "120647", "text": "most of the qualitative imaging markers are subjective, which could contribute to a discrepancy between observers. Therefore, instead of defining new qualitative imaging markers, more objective quantitative radiomic features based on NECT scans using machine learning algorithm may be a better way to predict hemorrhage expansion after HT."}
+{"id": "120829", "text": "The objective of this review is to compile and assess the most recent information on prospective AD disease-modifying medicines that have been created or are under investigation. Of particular focus are therapies that are being assessed through clinical trials. With an impartial and methodical presentation of the data, this review helps readers understand the progress made thus far and the potential for therapeutic approaches in the near future. Additionally, the molecular docking analysis offers a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of current drugs used in this field and underlines the increased potential to significantly improve drug discovery, drug repositioning, and virtual screening of chemical libraries. By committing to a comprehensive and collaborative approach to understanding the disease and finding new, effective, and safe treatment options, we can overcome the challenges currently faced in treating AD and bring about positive change in the near future."}
+{"id": "121039", "text": "Participants with internalising problems in childhood or adolescence report poorer general mental health, more depressive symptoms and a higher likelihood of presenting eating disorder symptoms (Table 1). On average, they show lower overall life satisfaction and lower physical and psychological quality of life as young adults aged up to 31 years. Internalising problems are not significantly associated with academic achievement. Further, there is no increased probability of suffering from panic disorders in young adulthood. Similarly, no increased risk of smoking or risky alcohol use was found for those participants. The latter even appears to be less likely among participants with internalising problems in childhood or adolescence. The probability of being in a stable partnership in young adulthood is significantly lower for participants with internalising problems in childhood or adolescence than for participants without those problems. Furthermore, these individuals show a higher age at first sexual intercourse and an increased likelihood of having unplanned children."}
+{"id": "121240", "text": "Another reason for not disclosing their depression was that the young people sampled clearly valued their friendships and wanted to preserve existing networks. They feared losing these connections if they shared their feelings of depression. There was also a fear of burdening others, in that by not disclosing their depressive thoughts they hoped to minimise the negative impact of their depression on others. Many adolescents had experienced negative changes or the ending of friendships as a consequence of mental health problems and this reinforced their reluctance to reveal their feelings to friends."}
+{"id": "121472", "text": "The aim of this study was to identify the optimal cutoff values for MBI scores to differentiate clinically distinct grades in ADL, thus revealing the correspondence between the mRS grade and MBI score and the transferability of these two measurements in assessing residual functional status of stroke survivors."}
+{"id": "121494", "text": "In order to analyze the CT images of patients, all images were selected for quality control by deleting any scans that were low-quality or unreadable. All images were subjected to a hierarchical grading system that included two levels of qualified grading professionals with good professional expertise who could verify and correct the image labels. Each image that was imputed into the database began with a label that matched to the patient's diagnostic results. This was an initial quality check performed by radiologists with 5 to 15 years of clinical practice experience who acted as first-level graders to exclude images with serious artifacts or with significantly reduced image resolution. Then they looked at the CT images to see whether there were any lung lesions."}
+{"id": "121784", "text": "A complex of ligamentous structures connects the talus to the calcaneus. We distinguish the extrinsic and intrinsic subtalar ligaments which contribute to joint stability."}
+{"id": "121921", "text": "The inflammatory response caused by biological valvular prosthesis after 6 months of having been installed is similar to that produced mechanical prostheses. In addition, the similarity in the hemodynamic profiles registered with Doppler echocardiography in patients that had received any of the prosthesis allows us to conclude that both types of valve prostheses are recommended. The decision of the type of valve prosthesis implanted is related more to factors such as age of the patient or the suitability of the use of anticoagulant agents."}
+{"id": "121977", "text": "The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not the addition of a distal tibiofibular arthrodesis affects the nonunion rate in patients undergoing primary open ankle arthrodesis. The hypothesis was that the addition of a distal tibiofibular arthrodesis would decrease the nonunion rate in patients undergoing primary open ankle arthrodesis due to added stability of the construct."}
+{"id": "122022", "text": "As a treatment for unstable syndesmosis injury, a ligament augmentation using suture tape provides satisfactory clinical outcomes and can be considered to be a useful and reliable method for anatomical restoration and rapid rehabilitation. However, cadaveric biomechanical studies are needed for validation."}
+{"id": "122073", "text": "The essential elements of a local PARS program include people (committed leadership, project champions, implementation teams), organization (clear values, policies and procedures, resources, a tiered intervention model), and systems (data and metrics, reliable review processes, and training) to support professional development and risk mitigation."}
+{"id": "122346", "text": "The main finding of the present study is that ankle arthroscopy and concomitant arthroscopic management of secondary injuries, when performed in selected patients with mild to moderate degenerative changes to the ankle, provide high rates of satisfaction and good functional results with positive impact on the quality of life."}
+{"id": "122450", "text": "Stable injuries have a very good outcome. Amendola et al18 reported that most patients return to good or excellent function once their injury recovered, although they should be monitored for a minimum of six months to rule out complications such as heterotopic ossification, syndesmotic calcification or anterior impingement syndrome secondary to fibrous scar formation.13 The average time to return to normal activities is between four and eight weeks."}
+{"id": "122523", "text": "The posteromedial approach is useful in posterior malleolus fractures with a posteromedial fragment involving the medial malleolus (Bartoníček and Rammelt Type 3).104,121 It can also be combined with a posterolateral approach to treat trimalleolar fractures with the involvement of the entire posterior plafond.133,134"}
+{"id": "122681", "text": "A major drawback of conventional fixator system is the penetration of fixator pins into the medullary canal. The pins create a direct link between the medullary cavity and outer environment, leading to higher infection rates on conversion to intramedullary nailing. This disadvantage is overcome by the AO pinless fixator, in which the trocar points are clamped onto the outer cortex without penetrating it. This study was designed to evaluate the role of AO pinless fixators in primary stabilization of open diaphyseal tibial fractures that received staged treatment because of delayed presentation or poor general condition. We also analyzed the rate of infection on early conversion to intramedullary nail."}
+{"id": "122693", "text": "While arthrodesis is the standard treatment of a severely arthritic ankle joint, total ankle arthroplasty has become a popular alternative. This review provides clinical outcomes and complications of both interventions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis."}
+{"id": "123023", "text": "We present a new surgical technique for a pedicled teres major muscle transfer to improve shoulder abduction and flexion in children with sequelae of obstetric brachial plexus palsy."}
+{"id": "123172", "text": "Over half of the surface of the talus is covered with cartilage without any tendon insertions.10 The shape of the talus is complex, resulting in a changing axis of rotation.11 Looking from above at the trochlea tali, it is wedge-shaped with a broader anterior portion.3 On the medial side, the articulation between talus and malleolus shows a larger contact surface.5,12 In the sagittal plane, there also exists an incongruity between the articular surface of the talus and the distal tibia. The convex-shaped talus has a greater articular surface than the corresponding concave-shaped facies articularis inferior of the tibia (Fig. 1B).13"}
+{"id": "123375", "text": "Large soft tissue defects of ankle and foot always have been challenging to reconstruct. Reverse sural flaps, free flaps have been used for this problem with variable success. Reverse peroneal artery flap is an option to use with reliability without microvascular repair. Connections of peroneal artery around talus and ankle joint are deep and reliable with anterior tibial and posterior tibial artery. Arterial inflow and venous drainage improved with including short saphenous vein and reverse sural artery in the flap."}
+{"id": "123642", "text": "The content analysis identified several requirements for successful implementation of SPAP and generated the overarching theme: Need for knowledge and organisational support comprising four main categories: Need for increased knowledge and affirmative attitude among health professionals; Need for clear and supportive management; Need for central supporting structures; Need for local supporting structures. The analysis of interviews with health professionals did not reveal any new categories as compared to the categorisation matrix created from the healthcare management interviews. The categories and subcategories are described in Table 2 and in further detail below, with quotations in italics."}
+{"id": "123903", "text": "The check-rein technique for AT elongation after conservative management of AT tears is effective and feasible to restore tendon length and calf function. The surgical outcome was influenced by the preoperative performance status, and longer time elapsed from injury to surgery worsens the outcomes."}
+{"id": "124601", "text": "Microfracture is an arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation technique first applied in clinical practice by Steadman and Rodrigo in 1985. During microfracture surgery, damaged articular cartilage is cleaned until the edge of the normal articular cartilage and subchondral bone marrow cells, chondrocytes, and bone cells penetrate into the damaged area through a hole made using an awl on the surface of the exposed subchondral bone. Blood clots seeping out of the hole adhere to surrounding normal cartilage tissues forming a fibrous cartilage repair defect area responsible for joint function recovery [18]. Arthroscopic microfracture is the most widely used method for the surgical repair of articular cartilage injuries because it is a simple operation with satisfactory clinical efficacy [19]. Here, microfracture surgery will be used as a control for the repair of articular cartilage injury."}
+{"id": "124887", "text": "Among matched patients who were highly active preoperatively (UCLA score of 9 to 10), BHR provided a smaller median decrease in the postoperative UCLA score (0.0 versus 1.0; p < 0.001), which was clinically important according to the minimal clinically important difference (MCID, 0.92). Furthermore, BHR provided a greater likelihood of remaining highly active compared with total hip arthroplasty (61% compared with 20%; p < 0.001)."}
+{"id": "125633", "text": "A three-month prospective clinical audit of the podiatry services involved in the podiatric model of care was undertaken. Basic demographic variables were recorded in addition to the UT risk classification at baseline and incidence of ulceration. Statistical analysis was undertaken to explore the differences in the demographic variables with respect to both risk category at baseline and incidence of ulceration."}
+{"id": "125756", "text": "The large number of factors demonstrates that there is a great variety between prosthesis users and the factors that influence their prosthesis use. Therefore, it is important to take individual preferences into account for the selection of a new prosthesis."}
+{"id": "126030", "text": "Although high subchondral bone density was identified in the DM area of the medial cuneiform in severe HV, only mild degradation was histologically observed in the articular cartilage of the first TMT joint. Our findings suggest that the indications for arthrodesis of the first TMT should be reconsidered based on the severity of the degenerative changes in the first TMT joint."}
+{"id": "126306", "text": "We found no visible difference in mortality between the 2 time periods in the study suggesting that improvements in treatment practice of PJI in latter years does not influence over all mortality in PJI patients. This is further elucidated by the fact that no significant difference in mortality was observed between different treatment modalities. In a previous study by Fischbacher implant exchange was associated with lower mortality than DAIR [20], a finding that has not been reproduced elsewhere. The choice of surgical treatment strategy is usually made depending on type of infection, status of the implant and surrounding tissue. It could be hypothesized that DAIR treated patients would have lower mortality since most patients undergo only one surgery. On the other hand, most DAIR treated patients have early infections that tend to be caused by more virulent bacteria than chronic infections that need implant exchange to be cured, possibly counteracting the benefits of fewer operations. It is of interest that the few patients that were not operated at all had a similar mortality rate as surgically treated patients, suggesting that infection eradication is not a prerequisite for survival."}
+{"id": "126404", "text": "Due to a lack of direct comparison between the clinical outcomes of these 2 techniques in current literature, uncertainty remains regarding the superiority of either method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate:"}
+{"id": "126780", "text": "Cytokine release in patients that were primary external fixated and secondary nailed were both significantly lower and peak levels occurred earlier when compared to the response after initial IMN."}
+{"id": "126986", "text": "In this RCT comparing a knotless SB and an TS we found no clinically relevant differences regarding outcome scores between the groups. TS is an inexpensive alternative to SB when treating acute syndesmotic injury."}
+{"id": "128064", "text": "Trapezius transfer to treat flail shoulder after a brachial plexus injury will allow the patient to position the arm much better, even when functional recovery is not adequately strong to keep the shoulder stable. The procedure is relatively simple with minimal blood loss and the only contraindication is advanced degeneration of the shoulder. Trapezius transfer can be used combined with other transfers to achieve optimal use of the upper limb."}
+{"id": "128288", "text": "In the two reported cases of traumatic brachial plexus injuries in which reconstructions for elbow flexion were performed using the modified SLM procedure, we implemented a long-term rehabilitation protocol in which the flexor-pronator muscle groups that were moved proximally were strengthened, while focusing on the antagonist muscle group of wrist extension as well. The patients achieved excellent elbow flexion strength and active range of motion without postoperative elbow and pronation contractures, and were able to grip objects with both hands."}
+{"id": "128745", "text": "One of the most common indications for external fixation in the management of fractures associated with high injury trauma which is commonly comminuted and open ones. There were still many questions and problems with its use. Furthermore, the optimal frame design and biomechanical characteristics of each fixator still controversial ."}
+{"id": "128986", "text": "The current study presents clinical and radiographic outcome of cemented and cementless UKA, using bone quality as determined by the Bone Hardness Test as selection criterion for cementless implantation."}
+{"id": "129280", "text": "Plaster splints were applied in a neutral position after the surgery and removed two weeks postoperatively. Subsequent early range of motion with an ankle brace for six weeks was encouraged. Partial weightbearing with crutches was then permitted as tolerated for patients with isolated syndesmotic injury; patients with additional ORIF for ankle fractures remained non-weightbearing until four weeks postoperatively. Full weightbearing was allowed at six weeks postoperatively, with the progression of activity as tolerated. Full return to sports was permitted after twelve weeks."}
+{"id": "129412", "text": "Flail shoulder secondary to a brachial plexus injury is difficult to treat. After neurosurgical treatment and adequate physiotherapy, reconstructive surgery may be needed to improve the stability and function of the shoulder."}
+{"id": "129589", "text": "The diagnosis and identification of an ankle syndesmosis injury can be delayed or missed due to the lack of a detailed, focused history and examination. With a thorough history taking; including mechanism of injury and focussed clinical examination most of these injuries can be identified. Appropriate imaging should then be obtained to confirm the diagnosis."}
+{"id": "129593", "text": "Furthermore, a locking plate system allows to safely fix distal fragments with small fragment locking screws in distal fibular fractures.89"}
+{"id": "129658", "text": "The observed DBM prevalence at individual level was reported as higher than expected when the lower limit of its 95% CI was above the upper limit of the 95% CI for the expected prevalence. By subtracting the observed prevalence by the expected prevalence, we assessed the magnitude of the excess of DBM at individual level in each country, expressed in percentage points."}
+{"id": "129795", "text": "Implant design has an important role on hip stability. Size of femoral head, shape and size of neck, femoral offset, head-to-neck ratio and socket depth should be considered when choosing an implant for any patient. Inadequate offset and length on the femoral side have proven to be causes of instability.51 Failure to achieve adequate length leads to a decrease in myofascial tension and raises the risk of dislocation. On the other hand if lateral femoral offset is reduced there is a reduction of the lever arm of abductor muscles with consequent decrease in myofascial tension. With inadequate femoral offset early impingement of the proximal femur against the pelvis can occur and this could be another source of instability."}
+{"id": "130661", "text": "Diagnostic imaging is mainly based on simple radiograph and MRI for both acute and chronic lesions. Appropriate imaging to assess changes in mortise alignment and affected ligaments are mandatory to optimise treatment."}
+{"id": "130971", "text": "If tibial nerve injury is suspected, surgical exploration should be done at the earliest opportunity to optimize prognosis. Prompt neurolysis is also needed to free the nerve from adhesions and to remove scar tissue inside and around the damaged nerve. Complete resection and reconstruction might be required if the nerve is beyond repair or after observation of a neuroma. However, despite prompt surgical treatment after complications, predicting the clinical outcomes according to the time of nerve repair is difficult, and close observation for symptoms is also necessary due to the high likelihood of ambiguous outcomes."}
+{"id": "131126", "text": "The participants expressed strong beliefs in the value of PARS and the need to coordinate care for patients through the programme. GPs spoke of the importance and need to collaborate with other HCPs. EPs substantiated the views of the GPs and emphasised the value patients attach to the involvement of GPs who help them achieve their health and wellness goals. However, poor visibility of EPs was identified by GPs as a major obstacle to the success of the PARS programme. They regarded the scarcity of EPs, particularly in regional and remote settings, as a critical factor that impedes the usability of the PARS programme. The limited availability was also reiterated by EPs who indicated that EP to patient ratio was low. Both GPs and EPs highlighted knowledge gap as another major obstacle to the success of the programme and this was attributed to poor information sharing about the benefits it has to offer. EPs also indicated that being time-poor, and overburdened with work, GPs might struggle to promote PARS to patients even if they have the information. In response to this, GPs faulted the PARS documentation process and time constraints as limiting factors for promoting PARS to patients."}
+{"id": "131134", "text": "This study presented the in vivo measurement of the GATJ defined by the morphology of the talar trochlea. This geometric axis was proved to be the axis about which the talus rotated and it was one fixed axis during gait. The current finding may help the design of the talar component of the total ankle implant."}
+{"id": "131617", "text": "One patient has had less than 6-month follow-up and is excluded from the analysis. The remaining 13 operative patients have been followed up for between 6 and 58 months (mean 23 months). All patients gained some active external rotation at some point in time postoperatively, ranging from 2 to 7 on the active movement scale. All patients have regained or surpassed their preoperative scores for other shoulder movements. However three patients have required botulinum toxin injections into the internal rotators postoperatively. One of these patients has subsequently proceeded to secondary shoulder reconstruction with a subscapularis slide, latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfers, and glenoid osteotomy performed for poor active external rotation, a posteriorly subluxed shoulder and marked glenoid dysplasia. Secondary shoulder reconstruction has been recommended to one additional patient but has not yet been performed. One patient who initially was scored 2 for external rotation at 3 months after surgery now has no observable active external rotation at 6 months after surgery; it appears that the internal rotators have overpowered the reinnervating external rotators and botulinum toxin injections have been recommended."}
+{"id": "132699", "text": "In the modern western world appraisal of economical points such as treatment and disability after trauma present a financial burden. In this context open reduction internal fixation techniques allowing for early full weight bearing might not only improve the clinical outcome but also shorten the period of disability in working life. The aim of the study was to analyze whether ORIF of ankle fractures using either a standard semitubular plate or a new polyaxial locking plate system result in a better clinical outcome."}
+{"id": "132891", "text": "Timely and accurate assessment of the severity of burns according to the characteristics of the burn is essential to guide the next treatment decisions. There were two cases of bone cement skin burns of different degrees in our hospital last year (Figure 5). Most discarded bone cement during the operation is between 3 to 10 mm thick, and a few can reach more than 12 mm. Therefore, once the prosthesis is placed, check whether the discarded bone cement adheres to the calf bandage to avoid continuous burns. Reduce the amount of bone cement during the operation, and pre‐cool the bone cement before the operation to slow down the polymerization reaction rate of the bone cement, which is beneficial to reduce the risk of bone cement burns. Orthopaedic surgeons should make clinical evaluations and empirical management of scalds based on the approximate range of thickness of discarded cement and skin appearance during the operation. During the operation, the surgeon and assistant should pay close attention to the whereabouts of the bone cement to proactively prevent the occurrence of bone cement burns. Training is regularly carried out to enhance the medical staff's awareness of scalding. Once scalding occurs, doctors should increase the awareness and education of patients when they are discharged from the hospital and follow them up regularly to prevent wound infection."}
+{"id": "133078", "text": "Participants proposed the inclusion of PA and PARS training in the curriculum of prospective medical graduates."}
+{"id": "133136", "text": "In the current study, a detailed overview of self-reported wound characteristics in the first month after arthroplasty while using a mobile wound care app provided important clinical insights. Complete absence of wound drainage during the first postoperative month was a sensitive and specific predictor of recovery without PJI. From the second week onward, wound drainage was strongly associated with the occurrence of PJI, but the positive predictive value remained low. Generation of an alert by the algorithm did not adequately identify patients with PJI."}
+{"id": "133188", "text": "Ankle arthrodesis is used to relieve pain and improve the function of a foot with ankle degeneration. However, it alters the biomechanical performance of the foot and ankle, and some alterations may result in postoperative complications. These alterations occur not only around the operative sites but also in the entire foot and ankle."}
+{"id": "133321", "text": "An alternative approach for collecting PROs may be presented by the DIALOG intervention [12]. This computer-mediated intervention structures part of the patient-clinician communication in community mental health care. Clinicians ask patients how satisfied they are with eight life domains and three treatment aspects. Patients rate their satisfaction on Likert type scales and the ratings are intended to inform the therapeutic dialogue between clinician and patient. The procedure allows for a comprehensive assessment of patients’ satisfaction and facilitates a patient centred discussion. In a randomised controlled trial in six European countries the use of DIALOG every two months for one year was associated with a better quality of life, fewer unmet needs and higher treatment satisfaction. Current research aims to further refine DIALOG and test its effectiveness in general adult and forensic psychiatric services. Randomised controlled trials using DIALOG as part of novel therapeutic interventions are being conducted in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States."}
+{"id": "133394", "text": "It is generally accepted that LEA may potentially be avoided in many patients if a more consequent and aggressive therapeutic regimen would be applied. For example, it has been stated that the deficits in the health care structures related to the treatment of diabetes in Germany and western Europe are especially obvious in patients suffering from diabetic foot. Patients with diabetes experience 30 to 40 times more amputations than people without the disease. Recently the numbers of LEA in Germany were calculated based on current health insurance data. Based on these data, about 20,000 major amputations in subjects with diabetes have been carried out in the year 2003 alone and over the past ten years, the number of amputations per year have not declined in Germany [6]. All this reflects the urgent need to improve the organization of our existing health care structures and there is general consent that the introduction of specific disease management or structured health care programs for diabetic foot may be of great benefit."}
+{"id": "133427", "text": "There were several limitations of this study. A relatively small number of donor lots was tested for each product due to lack of product availability and a single time point at 4 weeks. Furthermore, because the control group of the particle-based DBM had carrier, we were unable to separate the benefit of DBM fibers over particulate from the effect of having no carrier. In this study the DBM and DBF grafts were used alone, whereas in the clinical setting these bone grafts are often mixed with autograft and/or bone marrow aspirate."}
+{"id": "133476", "text": "Recommendations by participants to educate the general population on PARS initiatives, implied that they perceived education as the bedrock for building a solid foundation for quality care delivery in PARS. It also suggests the lack of general understanding of EPs’ roles in the Australian healthcare system, both by other HCPs and the public. Participants proposed a continuing professional development reward system for GPs to help them see the value of engaging with new knowledge about PA. In addition, they perceived the enlightenment of community members to be critical to the uptake and functionality of the PARS programme. Some participants suggested the inclusion of PA and PARS training programmes as components of the medical education curriculum to help doctors gain insights into various intervention strategies including those of PA that could assist them to provide optimal care to patients. Reforms or policies that encourage frontline HCPs such as GPs, to seek PA and PARS knowledge could be invaluable to delivering quality care to patients and enhance the functionality of the PARS programme [53,54]."}
+{"id": "133564", "text": "Ankle osteoarthritis commonly involves sagittal malalignment with anterior translation of the talus relative to the tibia. Total ankle arthroplasty has become an increasingly popular treatment for patients with symptomatic ankle osteoarthritis. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted on the outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty for osteoarthritis with preoperative sagittal malalignment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of anterior translation of the talus on outcomes of three-component total ankle arthroplasty."}
+{"id": "133621", "text": "Patient complaints are a valuable source of information that can be used to improve the care future patients receive, and trends in complaints can identify potential areas for quality improvement. Specialized taxonomies for categorizing complaints allow for better tracking of complaint frequency and subject matter over time. Our results suggest that patient complaints are relatively rare, that they most frequently involve clinical care and interpersonal relationships, and that the inter-rater reliability of the Reader taxonomy is acceptable. Heath care organizations do not typically utilize standardized taxonomies when addressing patient complaints, and our results suggest that the Reader taxonomy could be used to categorize complaints reliably. Categorizing patient complaints may help identify institutional issues that would remain undiscovered when complaints are reviewed independently. Our results from a tertiary care children’s hospital indicate that interventions to improve patient experience should initially be targeted at emergency and hospital medicine and should focus on the clinical and relationship domains. Future study should focus on the prospective use of the Reader taxonomy in categorizing patient complaints, and the potential link between patient complaints and patient safety events, across multiple pediatric centers and/or health systems."}
+{"id": "134230", "text": "Figure 1 displays physician preferences for patient involvement and the conveying risk. Figure 2 displays physician preferences for final decision-making in prosthetic aortic valve choice. Subgroup analysis revealed that physicians above the age of 50 more often lean toward patient involvement in decision-making than physicians under age 50. Physicians working in a centre with cardiac surgery were more inclined to decide together with the patient, while physicians working in a centre without a cardiac surgery program more often preferred to take the lead in decision-making."}
+{"id": "135677", "text": "The first case of syndesmotic injury was described by Quenu in 19074 as a tibioperoneal diastasis after a ligamentous disruption and thereafter began to be studied in more depth. It has been classically described as being much less common than those of the lateral ligament, representing 1% to 18% of ligamentous lesions of the ankle.5,6 However, recent studies show that its incidence is much higher, in the range of 17% to 74% of all sports injuries of the ankle, due in part to the improvement in the diagnosis and understanding of the mechanisms of production of these lesions.7,8 On the other hand, it is still difficult to understand completely how these injuries actually occur, and as a consequence, their treatment remains controversial in many cases."}
+{"id": "135736", "text": "The clinical case series report a good functional outcome and early return to work for the suture-button groups, but the design of the included studies prevents conclusive statements to be made based on the available data."}
+{"id": "136193", "text": "For posterior pilon fractures combined with fibula fractures at the same level, a simple single lateral approach via stretching fibular fracture line has good clinical effect and prognosis, which provides an alternative for the treatment of this kind of fracture."}
+{"id": "136684", "text": "This study demonstrated the biomechanical properties of each ligamentous band of normal and anatomically reconstructed ATFLs and CFLs. The results showed that the strain patterns of reconstructed ATFLs and CFLs were not exactly the same as for the normal ligaments. These findings provide a biomechanical framework for future studies aimed at improving ankle biomechanics following stabilization surgeries that seek to diminish pain and improve function in the ankles of patients with chronic ankle instability."}
+{"id": "136830", "text": "Osteosynthesis of the femur using an intramedullary nail is considered to be the gold standard for treating diaphyseal fractures of the femur. This is considered to be superior to extramedullary fixation using plates and external fixators, from both the biomechanical and the clinical points of view. Intramedullary nail provides predictable restoration of shaft length and alignment and allowed early load bearing. The piriformis fossa and greater trochanter has been commonly described as starting points for ante grade femoral nailing. As the greater trochanter is not collinear with the long axis of the femoral shaft, complications including varus malalignment and iatrogenic fracture comminution have been demonstrated to occur when nails designed for insertion through the piriformis fossa are inserted through the greater trochanter. However, the favoured entry point for nails has been debated with advocates for both the piriformis fossa and greater trochanteric entry points. The greater trochanteric entry point is technically easier due to the subcutaneous location of the greater trochanter, especially in obese patients. Furthermore, it is less sensitive to anteroposterior translation due to the more cancellous nature of the trochanteric area and it reduces risk of iatrogenic bursting of the proximal segment. It also reduces the risk of damaging the blood supply to the femoral head because of its more lateral approach. Its potential disadvantages are iatrogenic fracture of the greater trochanter and varus malalignement."}
+{"id": "136832", "text": "In conclusion, this study has confirmed that obese and morbidly obese patients gain as much functional benefit from TKR as patients with lesser BMIs and that this benefit is maintained for up to 3 years following surgery. However, these patients had lower absolute post-operative functional scores, were less satisfied and had poorer quality of life ratings. In addition almost a third of this patient group would not have the operation again. Contemporary literature suggests complication and mid-term revision rates following TKR are similar for obese and morbidly obese patients. It therefore seems appropriate to pursue knee replacement for this group as long as patients are made aware that they will not achieve the same level of function and satisfaction as patients with lesser BMIs."}
+{"id": "136923", "text": "Second, persistent wound drainage and wound drainage in the second and third postoperative weeks was strongly associated with the development of PJI. However, positive predicted values were low due to the many patients with wound drainage during those weeks who did not develop PJI. From patients who had any form of drainage that was regarded as a suspected PJI during the second postoperative week, 10 patients would need to be operated to find one PJI. This indicates that, even with a strong association between drainage and PJI, wound drainage alone is not an accurate predictor for presence of PJI in this group. The strength of the association did not increase significantly when fever and wound redness were added to wound drainage as risk factors, which may relate to the earlier mentioned low proportion of these symptoms reported by patients."}
+{"id": "136941", "text": "In elderly patients with reduced bone mineral density, lateral locking plates can be advantageous in comparison to traditional compression plating when soft tissue coverage is sufficient.89 Biomechanical studies showed that locking plates provide a higher construct stability in specimens with reduced bone mineral density.90,91 In trimalleolar ankle fractures with normal bone mineral density, fibular locking plates do not show a mechanical advantage.92 But the use of locking compression plates results in a better clinical and radiological outcome in comparison to standard one-third tubular plates.93"}
+{"id": "136961", "text": "This category referred to awakening of previously dormant structures and stakeholders by being actively involved in the MANIFEST project. Through involving a range of stakeholders, the PAR approach was reported as invigorating. It provided opportunities for all stakeholders to actively make a contribution towards the successful implementation of the project. This was challenging and enriching at the same time, as the stakeholders worked together."}
+{"id": "138622", "text": "The ankle brace was need for three weeks after surgery. The patient began to ankle exercise from the first day after surgery by guiding of the surgeon. After 3 weeks, the patients can do some daily exercises and walk with weight under the protection of crutches. Patients were encouraged to walk with full weight bearing at 6 weeks postoperatively and to participate in normal daily physical exercise at 12 weeks postoperatively. After 12 months, the internal fixation was always removed."}
+{"id": "138817", "text": "If not corrected in surgical treatment of hallux valgus, pronation of the first metatarsal is associated with an increased chance of recurrence. Correction of rotational deformity through the open technique using distal and proximal osteotomies and cuneometatarsal arthrodesis has been described."}
+{"id": "138876", "text": "In this prospective comparative cohort study we analyzed 50 cementless and 29 Oxford consecutive UKA cases. Patients with sufficient bone quality were eligible for cementless UKA. Bone quality was assessed with the BHT, which consisted of exercising pressure with the thumb on the bone surface created after resection of the tibia."}
+{"id": "138930", "text": "The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the fusion rates (both clinically and radiographically) and the time to union of STJ arthrodesis with and without the use of concomitant bone grafting. We hypothesized that the use of bone grafts or bone graft substitutes would not improve union rates and time to union. We also evaluated the association of smoking and the occurrence of STJ nonunion."}
+{"id": "139265", "text": "The most difficult and critical part of the procedure to perform correctly is likely the inset. Prior to transfer, it is important to determine the resting length of the LD. The resting length can be determined by placing the muscle on stretch after the LD has been mobilized while the origin and insertion are still intact. The LD will be on maximal stretch when the arm is abducted, flexed, and externally rotated. Sutures should be placed every 5 cm or so to mark the resting length. Once transferred to the recipient site, the muscle should be stretched back to its resting length such that the sutures that have been placed are again sitting 5 cm apart. Setting the tension of the transfer LD flap is important and should generally be done with the elbow in extension. This will ensure that the elbow will be able to complete full extension.31,32 Some authors prefer to place the elbow in 90° to 100° of flexion and in full supination in order to determine the appropriate resting length.10,33"}
+{"id": "139493", "text": "Following the recommendation by Rüedi and Allgöwer, many studies were conducted on distal tibia fracture, particularly on intra-articular pilon fracture. These studies showed interesting results and some recommended new concepts of management. McFerran et al stated that surgical treatment of this type of fracture was associated with high risk of complications. Watson et al found that the complication rates were higher in the open plating group when compared to the external fixator group. They both emphasised on better soft tissue management apart from solely concentrating on bone management. Sirkin et al also recognised the importance of better appreciation of soft tissue to reduce complications in pilon fracture. He advocated staged treatment protocol to allow soft tissue stabilisation before open reduction and internal fixation. Recently in 2016, Duckworth et al studied the outcome of pilon fractures following operative intervention. He reported a satisfactory outcome for early primary open reduction and internal fixation in most patients and a higher rate of overall infection in the staged protocol of primary external fixation with delayed open reduction and internal fixation."}
+{"id": "140690", "text": "The potential disadvantages possible with the hybrid fixator are wire breakage, valgus or varus collapse, pin tract sepsis, septic arthritis if the wires are places within the joint in the capsular reflection less than 10mm from the joint line and common peroneal nerve injury if the wires are passed close to the fibular head. We did not encounter any of these complications in our study. In Aggarwal et al study of 56 patients they reported union time of 20.5 weeks with excellent results in 30 patients. They had complications such as osteomyelitis in three patients and pin tract infections in five patients. In Venkatesh G et al study of 48 patients the mean union time was 13.3 weeks with 2 cases of delayed union seen. They had excellent results in 8 patients and good results in 30 patients. Savolainan et al studied 33 patients and reported a union time of 20 weeks and had complications such as pin tract infection in 7 patients and septic arthritis in 1 patient."}
+{"id": "140742", "text": "How do the results of this trial inform the debate about resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip? This trial failed to show any evidence that resurfacing arthroplasty provides improved hip function or greater quality of life when compared with THR over 5 years. Given the new requirements for surveillance of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties,28 the higher rate of revision surgery for RSA recorded on the UK national joint registry29 and increased costs associated with RSA,30 it seems increasingly difficult to justify the use of this technology. We will, however, continue to review the patients in this trial with a further report planned at a minimum of 10 years."}
+{"id": "140882", "text": "The range of motion was calculated for the subtalar and ankle joint complex in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes during one footstep using the CODA MPX30 (Figure 2). Overall, there was an increase in the range of motion in all three planes of motion from walking barefoot to walking in an MBT sandal. The range increased more in some planes than others, with the greatest increase in the sagittal plane. However, a minority of subjects clearly demonstrated a decrease in range of motion. Mean, standard deviation and range of data are illustrated in Table 3 with an increase in the mean values in range of motion from walking barefoot and walking in the MBT shoes in all three planes of motion being noted. Larger standard deviations were noted in the MBT sandals in the frontal plane compared to the two other planes."}
+{"id": "141002", "text": "A suture button system postoperatively deviates and apparently has the capacity to compensate for intraoperative malreduction. Analysis of the drilling tunnels revealed that the use of a rigid fixation system would have doubled the postoperative malreduction rate."}
+{"id": "141016", "text": "For the screw group, a hole was drilled with the navigation template, and a 3.5 mm screw crossed the hole from the fibular side to the tibia side. Care must be taken to ensure that the screw on each specimen is threaded through the four layers of the tibia and fibula cortex."}
+{"id": "141184", "text": "Prophylactic ATL is often performed with transmetatarsal amputation (TMA), but, to our knowledge, there are no comparative studies to support its use for this indication."}
+{"id": "141295", "text": "It includes four major ligaments: the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), which limits the fibular external rotation; the interosseous ligament (IOL), which limits the lateral translation of the fibula; the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), which prevents the posterior fibular translation; and the inferior transverse ligament, which limits posterior talar displacement (Fig. 1). On the other hand, the deltoid ligament has the function of preventing talar abduction, pronation and external rotation."}
+{"id": "141339", "text": "This article presents an algorithmic approach to the treatment of sub-acute syndesmotic injuries based on evidence in recent studies for both sub-acute and chronic syndesmotic injuries. Chronic injury studies were only included if patients underwent reconstructive procedures in the absence of degenerative changes. We will also outline clinical tests and imaging techniques for such injuries; with the aim of helping clinicians make a prompt clear diagnosis."}
+{"id": "142625", "text": "Ankle instability has been described as an important factor for early onset of ankle OA (22). Therefore, lateral and medial ligaments of the ankle are of the utmost importance in the stabilization of the ankle joint and the prevention of ankle OA. This study found no correlation between varus malaligned ankles and ankle instability or OA under clinical examination by a specialized foot and ankle surgeon; all ankles were found to be stable with tight ligaments. However, every fourth patient reported subjective ankle instability which may be traced back to degenerative osseous processes and additional lower limb deformities; but not necessarily to ligament instability."}
+{"id": "142742", "text": "Reactions to the PAR program included resentment of implied criticism and resistance to the suggestion of practice visits. It was not unusual that physicians felt threatened by the process, for which a useful remedy was detailed explanation that the program is educational and not disciplinary. Fears were usually assuaged by reassurance regarding the confidential supportive nature of the program, and its separation from the disciplinary functions of the CPSA."}
+{"id": "143189", "text": "Increasing knowledge about the natural history of tibial plateau fractures has led to an optimization of their study and management. As with any other articular fracture, anatomic restoration of joint congruence and alignment, along with stable fixation, is paramount to obtain satisfactory outcomes. Due to this, great interest has arisen in achieving an adequate reduction and fixation of the entire articular surface, a task difficult to accomplish with traditional anterolateral or anteromedial approaches and implants when it comes to posterolateral or posteromedial fragments."}
+{"id": "143468", "text": "The field of cellular therapies for clinical use is facing many challenges in terms of logistic gaps in translation of experimental studies, insufficient regulatory and clinical standards, variability in procurement and quality of products, and lack of postmarketing evidence for many therapeutics. Additionally, current cellular bone grafts are under the regulatory framework set forth in Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1271, with no requirements to undergo the premarket review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While these products undergo vigorous screening to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases, robust animal or clinical studies on efficacy and cell contribution of CBMs are scarce. In addition, CBMs are associated with higher costs compared with other graft substitutes on the market."}
+{"id": "143782", "text": "In relatively young and active elderly patients with displaced neck of femur fracture, a THA with dual mobility cuff provides better hip functional outcome, does not increase mortality or morbidity as compared to BHA and can be considered as primary treatment modality."}
+{"id": "144186", "text": "The AO/OTA classification distinguishes between Type A (infra-syndesmotic), B (trans-syndesmotic) and C (supra-syndesmotic) fibular fractures.48 Furthermore, AO/OTA Type B2.3 or B3.3 fractures are trans-syndesmotic fibular fractures with a fracture of the posterolateral rim and medial malleolus. The same applies for AO/OTA type C1.3 and C2.3 fractures involving all three malleoli. Additional qualifications can be added to specify the stability of the syndesmosis or concomitant injuries (e.g. Le Fort-Wagstaffe tubercle). The AO/OTA classification lacks a description of the fracture configuration of the medial and posterior malleolus. This is noteworthy, since the size of the posterior fragment and displacement are factors to consider for the choice of treatment.49"}
+{"id": "144498", "text": "GPs voiced that a consistent engagement between them and EPs could advance insights into available EP services."}
+{"id": "144547", "text": "In our study, the PPOT was classified according to the anatomical morphology observation. Through the measurement and statistics of the classification and finite element models simulation of the PPOT, it is speculated that different types may be related to the probability of fracture of the PPOT. In the clinical treatment of PPOT fractures, it may be better to consider different treatment strategies for different types of fractures."}
+{"id": "144767", "text": "Our findings thus provide confirmation that alcohol consumption may cause or exacerbate OSA, and the wider literature suggests that this may especially be the case with alcohol consumed shortly before bedtime. Whilst our findings do not confirm or refute the causality of this association, health care professionals might consider advising against bedtime alcohol among people with, or at risk of, OSA."}
+{"id": "144793", "text": "The HLQ has been in use since 2013 [20]. The HLQ consists of 44 items within nine scales, each of which measures a distinct construct of the multidimensional construct of health literacy as shown in Table 1. The development of the HLQ was guided by the aforementioned WHO definition of health literacy. The HLQ was designed for a range of purposes including describing population health literacy, and informing the development and measuring the outcomes of health literacy interventions. Included in the documents provided to a licensed user of the HLQ are item intent descriptions written by the HLQ developers for each item. The item intent document provides a description of the meaning or intent of each item. This allows comparison of item intent descriptions with data obtained from HLQ test-takers, such as their chosen scores and their narratives about why they chose those scores."}
+{"id": "144866", "text": "Confidentiality was seen as an important factor, with some participants rejecting the idea of discussing health issues or concerns with people around them whom they did not fully trust, for fear that their health concerns would leak."}
+{"id": "144874", "text": "The diagnosis and treatment of bilateral vocal fold immobility has been studied often in laryngology during the past few decades; several studies have described approaches that rehabilitate the larynx with a high success rate."}
+{"id": "144991", "text": "We analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of the different screening tools depending on severity of OSAH. The results are exposed in Table 2. We can see that PSQ and pulse oximetry have a very good sensitivity in moderate and severe OSAH but not in mild disease."}
+{"id": "145094", "text": "Patients who were sedated with midazolam had a lower likelihood of being discharged home than patients not sedated with midazolam (Table 3), patients sedated with propofol, and patients sedated with dexmedetomidine. Patients sedated with propofol had a higher rate of being discharged home than patients who were not sedated with propofol but a lower rate of being discharged home than patients sedated with dexmedetomidine. The rate of being discharged home was significantly elevated for patients sedated with dexmedetomidine."}
+{"id": "145107", "text": "(f) The ultrasonography technique used is bedside upper airway ultrasonography. We placed a linear ultrasonography transducer over the whole of the upper airway from upwards to downwards until we found the ETT image. We then took the image of the ETT in transverse and longitudinal views. The probe is then moved to the left to look at the oesophagus to see whether it is empty or distended by ETT."}
+{"id": "145240", "text": "Coughing is a common clinical problem in humans and veterinary patients that is difficult to manage and severely impacts quality of life. There are many factors to consider when presented with a coughing patient. Determining if the cough is acute or chronic as well as the etiology of cough is vital in order to determine the best approach for management. Evaluation is done using the combined results from history, physical exam, and a variety of diagnostic tests. Treatment may include management of an underlying disease process with or without cough suppression, immediate treatment of a life-threatening condition, or long term use of antitussive therapy along with other drugs to manage chronic respiratory disease. Recommendations for antitussive therapy in dogs and cats are often subjective having been conveyed in the literature, in some cases for decades, and carried into popular textbooks. Current guidelines are largely based on expert opinion, anecdotal clinical evidence and relatively few rigorous clinical trials. Future research directions include studies into the use of the novel antitussive therapies and specific evaluation of these drugs in dogs and cats. Significant research is needed in veterinary and human medicine to close knowledge gaps in our understanding of cough, including investigations into causes and propagation of the cough response and development of novel and effective antitussive agents."}
+{"id": "145315", "text": "After the clinical and endoscopical examination, all patients were assessed by computer tomography and selected cases by magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were assessed by an ophthalmologist and an infectious disease specialist and started immediate intravenous antimicrobial therapy."}
+{"id": "145350", "text": "The inclusion criteria were both genders adult patients with snoring and mild, moderate and severe OSA prescribed by Sleep Physician treated with DIORS OA m in the first author dental office from 2011 to 2019 period, with completed medical records and protocol of 2 to 3 months of OA m adjustment. The records needed to have Epworth sleepiness scale, polysomnography and cephalometry pre- and post-treatment. The exclusion criteria were incomplete dental sleep medical records and patients that not permitted used the data for research."}
+{"id": "146376", "text": "Less educated and nonwhite patients using the portal each assigned higher importance to reading notes for several health behaviors than highly educated and white patients, and may find transparent notes especially valuable for understanding their health and engaging in their care. Facilitating access to notes may improve engagement in health care for some vulnerable populations who have historically been more challenging to reach."}
+{"id": "146424", "text": "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to develop a subject-specific model of the upper airway and to consider the fact that changing in the upper airway area could also change other anatomical factors of the upper airway such as wall thickness. Our model showed that the upper airway narrowing during sleep increases snoring intensity, while increases in the UA-Length reduced the resonant frequency of snoring sounds. The model was validated against recordings of actual snoring. Furthermore, we found that measured resonant frequencies of snoring sounds were inversely related to the OSA severity."}
+{"id": "146532", "text": "The results of our study suggest that the mandibular advancement manoeuvre during DISE could help to optimise the selection of patients for oral device treatment."}
+{"id": "146815", "text": "Periods of nocturnal IOP elevation lasted longer in severe OSAS patients than those with mild/moderate OSAS and correlate with the severity of the disease. The length of the nocturnal PT is also associated to respiratory parameters altered in patients with OSAS."}
+{"id": "146848", "text": "The fungal nasal septum abscess is a rare localized invasive form of fungal rhinosinusitis. Rare cases have been described in the literature. In this article, we intend to describe a new case of fungal nasal septum abscess caused by Aspergillus flavus in diabetic patient after sinonasal surgery. A 53-year-old woman with a history of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and asthma developed a nasal septum abscess after a sinonasal endoscopic surgery which was performed for nasal polyposis. Needle aspiration of the abscess was performed and the pus cultures were positive for Aspergillus flavus. The patient was treated with antifungal drugs and surgical drainage of the abscess. A clinical and biological improvement was observed. Her case has been followed up for 18 months, and there hasn't been any recurrence of the infection. The fungal nasal septum abscess should be suspected in patients who do not respond adequately to standard treatment of nasal septum abscess, especially patients with risk factors of fungal rhinosinusitis."}
+{"id": "146884", "text": "A systemic review that evaluated the influence of health literacy on the risk of coronary heart disease suggested that lower level of health literacy is associated with multiple obstacles toward lifestyle changes and the understanding of general disease knowledge. Patients with low health literacy are generally older, are less often employed, have lower educational levels and lower socioeconomic status."}
+{"id": "146916", "text": "Western Sydney is an area in NSW, Australia which has a population with a highly diverse social and cultural profile and a relatively high proportion of persons in the bottom quintiles of socioeconomic status (SES) [16]. Previous research on OHL in this region has found that patients with CVD have poor knowledge about oral health and receive little information relating to oral health from cardiac health staff [17]. These findings suggest that there is a need for better integration of oral health into chronic disease management programmes such as cardiac rehabilitation. Currently, there is a lack of coordinated oral health literacy programmes for priority population subgroups in Western Sydney and very limited integration of oral health information into broader chronic disease management."}
+{"id": "147069", "text": "Gastroesophageal reflux induced cough is a common cause of chronic cough, and proton pump inhibitors are a standard therapy. However, the patients unresponsive to the standard therapy are difficult to treat and remain a challenge to doctors. Here, we summarized the experience of successful resolution of refractory chronic cough due to gastroesophageal reflux with baclofen in three patients. It is concluded that baclofen may be a viable option for gastroesophageal reflux induced cough unresponsive to proton pump inhibitor therapy."}
+{"id": "147094", "text": "Vaccination against seasonal influenza remains suboptimal across the United States, and SDoH factors are likely contributors to variations in adults seeking immunization. The current study provides a strong rationale for further exploration of which elements of the SDoH framework play particularly important roles in vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. Common vaccine access points for adults, such as primary care clinics and community pharmacies, may be guided by these findings and should consider implementing strategies to improve vaccine uptake in their communities, particularly if their patient populations lack the ability to comprehend reliable health-related information. Similarly, managed care companies could consider using strategies to assist their members in seeking resources when their access to care changes and addressing the need for vaccination among those infrequently using their benefits."}
+{"id": "147245", "text": "The main aim of the study is the accurate description of the ultrasound anatomy of the larynx and trachea, as well as the establishment of an examination standard for these organs in neonatal populations. The next objective is to set reference ranges for the size of individual structures of the larynx and trachea with respect to newborns. The study also aims to develop a universal method of ultrasound assessment of the mobility of the vocal cords on dynamic examination and to determine a rule for predicting the expected size of the laryngeal and tracheal structures in relation to anthropometric measurements."}
+{"id": "147319", "text": "Taken together, these results indicate that midazolam is preferred over dexmedetomidine for use in sedation applications for recovery of motor coordination performance. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of these drugs for analgesia with psychomotor performance function."}
+{"id": "147358", "text": "In this study we used an open design with objective measures to assess outcome. Although a nonrandomized design is a limitation, our primary purpose was to treat refractory cough patients and determine their response to a therapy outside normal chronic cough treatment. We achieved this aim by using objective measures and presenting novel data showing that cough frequency and cough reflex hypersensitivity significantly improve after speech language pathology treatment. It is possible that a placebo effect such as cough suppression [31-33] may have influenced some of the measures used in this study. We believe however that this is unlikely as the majority of the subjects studied had a cough for more than 5 years duration and underwent numerous cough treatments prior to speech language pathology intervention. Also, if there was a placebo effect at work then an improvement in C5 and cough threshold may be seen but there would be no change in the subjects urge to cough [23,34] as seen here."}
+{"id": "147415", "text": "The total energy that given to whole of the soft palate should not exceeded the 1000 joule to generate temperature approximately 60-90 c enough for inducing localized thermo coagulation to produce scarring of the soft palate that will lead to fibrosis and increase the stiffness of the soft palate and decrease it's fluttering. Then the patient was able to be discharged after 1 hour on oral antibiotic as Amoxillin-Clavinic acid tablet 625 mg three times daily and oral analgesia as acetaminophen tablet 500mg three times daily, and mouth gargle three times daily for 7 days. Then follow up was arranged at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post-operative. The assessment of snoring intensity by VAS, frequency and duration by snoring severity scale was done. The same schedule of follow up was applied of Muller grading by flexible nasopharyngoscopy and the final assessment of both was at evaluated at six months post-operative."}
+{"id": "147482", "text": "The level of health literacy is a very important factor in the prevention and the effective management of diseases and it also affects the level of control a person has over making informed decisions about their own health [9]. People with low health literacy levels tend to seek emergency treatment and require hospitalisation more frequently than others and also show higher levels of morbidity and mortality [10]."}
+{"id": "147527", "text": "Commercially insured and Medicare members were more likely to receive influenza vaccine if they were in higher-poverty areas, and this is consistent with what has been previously published. In this study, commercially insured adults who resided in high health literacy areas were more likely to consistently receive the flu vaccine compared with those adults enrolled in traditional Medicare. Also, while the role of health literacy in vaccination adherence seems to be positively influenced by risk perceptions and the likelihood of getting sick, the observed variation between types of insurance is an area that requires more investigation. Specifically, the increased odds of those on more consumer-directed plans (eg, CDHP and HDHP) suggest that regular vaccination may be indicative of those enrolled in these types of plans being more engaged with preventive behaviors that would reduce the chances of expensive downstream health care costs."}
+{"id": "147605", "text": "The student health center is often the first resort when college students need medical care. The staff at the university’s student health center where we conducted the study should receive cultural training periodically to ensure they understand international students’ challenges when seeking medical care. Such an activity will help them know that the assistance this group needs may differ from that of domestic students, and international students may require additional attention during their visits. In addition, the mechanism design of managed care may be new and complex for many international students. Therefore, the center should offer pamphlets in different languages explaining the core health insurance terms in the managed care insurance system. Moreover, the student health center’s website should explain what process can be followed when students need healthcare and how students can gain access when the center is closed."}
+{"id": "147624", "text": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation should be characterized by rapid induction of sufficient amount of anesthetics and rapid awakening. Optimal dosing regimen selection in literatures focused on the quality of sedation, occurrence of side effects, and time to awakening among different anesthetic individuals. Many studies indicate that a single hypnotic agent for gastrointestinal endoscopy does not provide a good analgesia and hypnosis at the same time. Single-agent regimens generally require a larger amount of drug infused and therefore side effects such as respiratory depression are likely to appear. Good instrumentation conditions as well as less drug side effects can be achieved by combining an opioid and a hypnotic agent. Recent American and European guidelines focused on the use of propofol and works regarding the use of propofol have been vigorously done. However, propofol has a narrower therapeutic window and may increase the chance of hypotension or respiratory depression that requires intervention as compared with the use of midazolam and alfentanil. There are significantly less works emphasizing the dosing strategies using a benzodiazepine and an opioid, probably because they possess more complicated pharmacokinetic properties. Alfentanil is a good opioid choice for gastrointestinal endoscopies because of its quick onset time (1–2 min after intravenous injection), short t1/2ke0 resembling thiopental, and short duration of effect lasting approximately 10 minutes. There are also interesting works done by Short et al indicating stronger synergism between midazolam and alfentanil than propofol and alfentanil. Lower potency opioids such as meperidine, tramadol, or morphine or adjuvants such as clonidine are generally not used during outpatient procedures. The longer duration of action for these drugs may raise concerns about respiratory function or blood pressure when discharging the patient."}
+{"id": "147771", "text": "In conclusion, a technically adequate unattended ambulatory sleep monitoring with full sleep assessment may provide an affordable and practical solution that may aid in early detection and treatment of OSA and several sleep disorders. This opens the prospect of sleep evaluation as a front-line medical service rather than a tertiary clinical service and allows family physicians, for example, to become involved in performing this important health metric."}
+{"id": "148030", "text": "Although numerous studies on chronic cough have been conducted, knowledge and awareness on the topic are limited and very little information is available regarding the experiences and burden of chronic cough among the Japanese population. A significant proportion of patients with chronic cough are refractory to existing treatments. Qualitative data clarifying the impact of the disease and its burden is needed to improve patient care. Qualitative research is a valuable tool for exploring patient burden as it is interpretive and conducted via interviews, capturing the patient’s unique experiences related to their disease and its burden [25]."}
+{"id": "148161", "text": "No previous work directed at this matter has been performed for effective comparison."}
+{"id": "148208", "text": "In conclusion, HRQOL is adversely affected by chronic cough but improves when cough resolves. In general, the changes in HRQOL are not related to the causes of cough and gender differences although some negative emotions are more obvious in female Chinese patients. The Chinese version of LCQ is useful tool for evaluation of the health status in Chinese patients with chronic cough."}
+{"id": "148211", "text": "Assessing health literacy and patient activation at the beginning of care could facilitate the provision of appropriate information to patients with breast cancer and increase the effectiveness of interventions geared toward improving patient involvement in self-managing their health and, consequently, their quality of life."}
+{"id": "148255", "text": "A further strength concerns our chosen analysis approach not to produce an average score, but to analyse single scales instead. Analyses of single scales for different health literacy dimensions enabled us to identify specific health literacy needs—to varying degrees—in the examined dimensions in our target group. For example, the analyses showed that depending on the health literacy dimension, sex increased or decreased the odds for having poor health literacy levels. The use of an average score may have masked this differential effect for the impact of sex on health literacy. Analysing the single scales may also have been beneficial for studying the impact of the other factors as they also tended to vary in their association with poor health literacy levels in the different health literacy dimensions."}
+{"id": "148651", "text": "This study established a simple way to detect mouth puffing phenomena when patients were mouth-taped during sleep, and the signals were classified into four types of MPSs. We propose that MPSs obtained from patients wearing the MPD can be used as a complement for clinicians to evaluate OSA."}
+{"id": "148654", "text": "TB narrowing can be a predominant anatomic factor inducing airway narrowing or collapse in OSA patients and has been recognized to contribute independently to the pathogenesis of OSA by aggravation of upper airway resistance, combined with partial or complete obstruction at the level of palate. In addition, excessive narrowing and complete collapse at the level of TB is more frequently observed in severe OSA patients and TB narrowing is regarded as a significant site of obstruction in most OSA patients who fail surgical treatment. Our previous clinical data showed incomplete correction of anatomic structures causing TB narrowing in moderate or severe OSA is closely related with a higher recurrence of apneic events and OSA surgical treatment failure. Therefore, there is need for more complete control of TB narrowing in order to improve the therapeutic outcomes of OSA surgery and we need to drive more interest in improving surgical techniques for reduction of tongue base volume. According to recent published data, there are also several minimally invasive transoral techniques that have been introduced for volume reduction of TB in OSA patients. Some of these new techniques include radiofrequency ablation, laser-assisted oropharyngeal surgery, and coblation endoscopic lingual lightening and robot technology has been also successfully applied in correction of TB narrowing of OSA patients."}
+{"id": "148957", "text": "Low awareness of common ocular conditions is associated with factors such as female gender, old age, lower levels of education and rural habitation. A would be successful health promotion programs should specifically target health determinants to promote health literacy and to ensure timely utilization of eye care services."}
+{"id": "149300", "text": "Care would need to be taken to mitigate against this – to ensure that those less confident patients would also be empowered to ask questions from the written summary."}
+{"id": "149383", "text": "DISE allows the identification of the origin of snoring sounds and the differentiation from OSA, but pharyngeal pressure catheters have not been under evaluation in patients with isolated snoring [17]. The raised questions on the potential benefit of the application of DISE and pressure catheters could not be answered with the available literature, since no sufficient evidence was available based on the abovementioned criteria for the selection of clinical studies."}
+{"id": "149611", "text": "Our data indicate that IRS2 is a binding partner of JAK2V617F and promotes cell survival in MPN. The additive effects of IRS2 silencing in inducing apoptosis observed upon co-treatment with ruxolitinib highlights the potential for use of IRS2 inhibitors in combination with JAK2 inhibitors in the treatment of these diseases. Future research using IRS2 inhibition in ex vivo studies, including a larger cohort of MPN patients, and in MPN animal models may help to predict the in vivo effectiveness and collateral effects of IRS2 inhibitors."}
+{"id": "149898", "text": "The names of the common forms of vasculitis have been recently revised so that the eponyms such as WG and CSS have been changed to GPA and EGPA, respectively. ANCA testing by IIF remains an important first step when screening for ANCA. Positive results, or cases of strong clinical suspicion should be run on a solid phase assay for confirmation of the antigenic specificity and quantitation of the results. Automated solutions for autoimmune laboratories performing IIF assays simplify and streamline the IIF reading/interpretation workflow and increase the reliability of IIF testing by sample traceability. Despite big improvements in sensitivity and specificity, ELISA methods often are burdened with batching and relatively long result times. Acute disease flares can be confounding, so accurate, rapid diagnosis followed by appropriate therapy is paramount to halting the deleterious effects of ANCA vasculitic disease, especially in an emergency setting. Not all PR3 assays are suited for disease activity monitoring. PR3-ANCA are present in a significant percentage of IBD patients and may be a marker of concurrent SVV related disease. PR3-ANCA measured by CLIA are promising to aid in the differential diagnosis of UC and CrD."}
+{"id": "150065", "text": "The ESS is a questionnaire specific to symptoms of daytime sleepiness and the patients are asked to score the likelihood of falling asleep in eight different situations with different levels of stimulation, adding up to a total score of 0 to 24 (18)."}
+{"id": "150220", "text": "This study demonstrated that the widening of the nasal passage after the reduction of the inferior turbinate size had a favorable effect on the pulmonary function tests."}
+{"id": "150858", "text": "Studies on health literacy in the spinal cord injury population are limited. Our study provides a summary of the evidence of health literacy in people with spinal cord injury. The results were heterogeneous compared to health literacy and the following aspects were found: reasonable health literacy; adequate health literacy; inadequate health literacy. Better health literacy was identified in individuals from the white population compared to the black population with spinal cord injury."}
+{"id": "151261", "text": "The South and Southeast regions showed a notable increase in the mean value per hospitalization for CaB and CaOR, starting from the first wave phase – for the other regions, this trend was not so clear. We hypothesize that the South and Southeast have a higher possibility of organizing the flow of care in periods of limited resources through selective screening, including telemedicine, monitoring cases, and prioritizing more serious situations – which require more costly interventions. However, the pattern of expenditures in these regions may also reflect a decrease in the diagnosis of lesions at an earlier stage, which requires less invasive and costly treatments. Finally, clinical procedures linked to hospitalizations decreased more than surgical procedures in all pandemic phases, starting from the first wave phase. Guidelines for managing CaB and CaOR during the pandemic did not advocate replacing surgery with other treatment modalities. We believe the present results indicate that clinical demands are more likely to correspond to an elective and postponable or manageable need in an outpatient setting than surgical demands."}
+{"id": "151402", "text": "As a result, preoperative 15 mg/kg TXA administration as bolus significantly reduces postoperative bleeding amount and transfusion requirements in wide tumor resection and proximal femoral tumor prosthesis surgery due to malignant tumor located in the proximal femur. This procedure did not increase the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with bone cancer, compared to the group of patients without TXA administration."}
+{"id": "151457", "text": "Patients meeting set criteria will be sequentially enrolled up to a sample size of 40. Twenty patients who meet the inclusion criteria for controls will also be evaluated. Patients will be examined by a qualified phonoaudiologist who will take biometric measurements and administer the Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES), Friedman Staging System, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires. Measures of upper airway muscle tone will also be performed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and tongue digital spoon devices. Evaluation will be recorded and reevaluated by a second specialist to determine concordance between observers."}
+{"id": "151668", "text": "Clinical investigation of the efficacy of JAK2 inhibitors in patients with solid tumors remains limited. Ruxolitinib, a JAK2-specific inhibitor, was shown to be well tolerated and potentially lead to improved survival outcomes in combination with capecitabine in a phase II study involving adults with metastatic pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we showed that JAK2 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy are more effective in treating CRC than chemotherapy alone. Although we provide limited data on cell line studies, this result may suggest that a phase II study of CRC patients with a combination of JAK2 inhibitor and chemotherapy could be worthwhile, especially in patients with BECN1 Y333 hypophosphorylation."}
+{"id": "151980", "text": "The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the advances in the understanding of the pathogenicity of PR3-ANCA in order to exploit them to develop new biomarkers and therapies in GPA. First, the importance of PR3-ANCA and neutrophils in the pathophysiology of the disease is discussed, then factors involved in the mechanism of auto-immune activation of neutrophils by PR3-ANCA are detailed and finally the understanding of these factors is examined to highlight avenues for the development of new biomarkers and therapies."}
+{"id": "152069", "text": "Furthermore, though questionnaires are an effective means of eliciting information, care must be taken to ensure that the questionnaire and associated elements of research are equitably accessible and do not restrict participation. Administering the questionnaire using only digital means, for example, will exclude populations who lack either the access, skills or infrastructure to engage with the process - likely to also be those people who cannot engage with digital healthcare resources. Similarly, willingness to engage with the questionnaire will also impact on use and should be considered when developing new scales. Patient and clinician questionnaire fatigue should be considered when developing data elicitation methods, aiming to collect the maximum amount of information in the fewest number of questions. Likewise, any tools or questionnaires should be regularly revisited to ensure that they remain relevant and reflect updates to technology and digital services in what is a rapidly developing field."}
+{"id": "152146", "text": "The upper airway is an important and complex anatomic structure in relationship with the development of pathogenesis such as OSA. In a general population, the soft tissues that are predominately responsible for the upper airway morphology are the soft palate and the hyoid bone position. For the hard structures, the anteroposterior of the mandible and the maxilla are also important features linked to the characteristics of the upper airway. Thus, although the volume of the airway is not accessible on all CBCT exams performed by dental practitioners, this study demonstrates that a small number of anatomical elements may be markers of the reduction of the upper airway, with potentially an increased risk of OSA. This could help the dentist refer the patient to a suitable physician."}
+{"id": "152174", "text": "However, despite these limitations and due to the automatic measurements performed by the system, this protocol in CBCT constitutes a good patient screening tool that will help standardize the measurements and ensure that they are performed in a reproductible, accurate, and simple way while the comfort of and benefit for the patients increases."}
+{"id": "152265", "text": "Taking into account the limited sample size and the retrospective nature of this study, the following consideration can be proposed. BRP appears an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of OSA. NPP might benefit more from BRP in comparison with PPs. Moreover, OSA severity should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for this surgical procedure. This study shows the importance of focusing on more than one single polysomnography parameter and the need for evaluating positional indexes in the process of selecting candidates for pharyngoplasty."}
+{"id": "152329", "text": "Perioperative administration of tranexamic acid has been suggested to reduce bleeding and blood transfusion requirements in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Despite being sporadic, the potential risk for thrombotic complications cannot be ignored. However, intracardiac thrombosis associated with tranexamic acid administration is rare. We described a case of circulatory collapse caused by intracardiac thrombosis associated with tranexamic acid administration for a scheduled knee arthroplasty."}
+{"id": "152344", "text": "The majority of patients who underwent BCST for RCC in this study experienced an improvement in their cough and quality of life in spite of previous extensive medical work up and treatment, suggesting that early intervention with BCST may be a more cost-effective and efficient option for patients with RCC."}
+{"id": "152663", "text": "The ESS has excellent psychometric validity for screening daytime sleepiness in Ethiopian university students."}
+{"id": "152695", "text": "Given the difficulty of access to PSG, the use of these instruments takes on even greater importance, functioning as screening to be applied before a more costly and complex exam is requested."}
+{"id": "152830", "text": "This study showed that almost a quarter of the participants are illiterate or have inadequate health literacy skills. Therefore, our results indicate the need for the development of health care instructions properly calibrated to the health literacy skills of DM2 patients."}
+{"id": "153184", "text": "Patient understanding of health care recommendations provided by health care professionals is essential to enabling active and informed patient participation in care. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that patients often seriously misunderstand relevant health information provided to them, leading to errant patient decisions about their care. This commentary examines key communication factors that influence patient understanding and argues for a comprehensive approach to assessing and promoting patient comprehension."}
+{"id": "153225", "text": "Propofol exerts a dose-dependent anticonvulsant action. Propofol has been used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. However, it can cause generalized tonic-clonic seizures and has been used in the cortical mapping of epileptogenic foci. Propofol and midazolam were used in this patient up to the time the seizure occurred. Only propofol has been shown to induce convulsions, or manifestations similar to those of seizures. Although DISE is not the gold standard in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, it is currently the test that allows locating sites of obstruction in conditions that best approximate natural sleep. Without carrying it out, the expected benefit may not be obtained with the treatment proposed by the sleep surgeon. It achieves a better and safer assessment of the most appropriate treatment option for each subject suffering from OSA, which in turn increases the chances of success. It is very useful to avoid more risky and costly procedures without guaranteeing a certain benefit for the patient13."}
+{"id": "153275", "text": "The focus on PSG was chosen for three reasons. Firstly, this methodology represents the current gold standard for sleep assessment. Secondly, this method affords a detailed examination of sleep continuity as well as sleep architecture. Thirdly, PSG is the best method for diagnosing organic sleep disorders, such as sleep disordered breathing and periodic limb movement disorder, and the only method to reliably determine the physiological causes of poor sleep. For the present review we determine markers of sleep continuity and sleep architecture, and further analysed parameters of organic sleep disorders and daytime function. All parameters were compared to control populations in order to determine how sleep changes in patients with stroke deviate from the sleep characteristics typical for persons without stroke."}
+{"id": "153531", "text": "ODI is a sensitive and specific tool to predict SDB in patients with diabetes."}
+{"id": "153733", "text": "Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare subjective sleep evaluation using four questionnaires with polysomnography results in individuals with and without OSA."}
+{"id": "153961", "text": "Our hypothesis was that clinical symptoms of OSA would be highly prevalent in people with psychosis and that clinical symptoms of OSA would correlate with increased cardiometabolic risk, poor cognitive and social functioning, and poor quality of life. Clinical symptoms of OSA would be associated with obesity, substance abuse, and the use of antipsychotic medications in a representative sample of people with psychotic disorders."}
+{"id": "154143", "text": "Based on a specific standardized test combining a swallowing test and a clinical evaluation of the cranial nerves involved in swallowing, we found that 25% of patients mechanically ventilated for 7 days or more exhibited clinical evidence of SD. Surprisingly, SD were considered persistent in only 10% of them based on the second test performed 48 h after the first one. Presence of persistent SD was associated with longer duration of ICU stay after extubation and longer time of enteral feeding. SD were not associated with an increased risk of pneumonia and reintubation in the present study."}
+{"id": "154162", "text": "This study demonstrates that the economic burden due to OSA is substantial, also due to low diagnosis and treatment rates. Providing reliable estimates of the economic impact of OSA at a societal level may increase awareness of the disease burden and help to guide evidence-based policies and prioritisation for healthcare, ultimately ensuring appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for patients."}
+{"id": "154198", "text": "Sleep endoscopy is a valuable tool for the treatment of complex or persistent pediatric OSA by identifying the site of airway obstruction. This enhanced diagnostic capability provides opportunities for site-specific interventions; additional options in the management of pediatric OSA other than CPAP and adenotonsillectomy may become available."}
+{"id": "154256", "text": "GPA can be a challenging diagnosis to make, particularly in patients with a limited form, due to the nonspecific nature of its symptoms. Often, the early differential is broad and includes common causes of nasal mucosal crusting such as infectious rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, drug-induced rhinosinusitis, and sarcoidosis as well as vasculitides such as microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)."}
+{"id": "154463", "text": "The BOAT device may provide a useful form of therapy to improve OSA-related PSG parameters such as AHI and patient-centered outcomes such as sleepiness. Both BQ and ESS were predictive to improvements detected by the sleep study during BOAT device use."}
+{"id": "154481", "text": "This is a retrospective case series study. Flexible fiberoptic examination of the nasal cavity was performed on 274 consecutive OSA patients evaluated at the Stanford Sleep Surgery Clinic. Examination video files were recorded and later reviewed and scored by a single investigator blinded to the patients’ subjective nasal complaints. Anatomic features that contribute to posterior nasal obstruction were noted."}
+{"id": "154690", "text": "Upper airway stimulation offers a definitive approach to treatment of OSA without altering native airway anatomy. The initial UAS clinical trial, Stimulation Therapy for Apnea Reduction (STAR trial), showed improvement in both objective PSG variables and subjective quality of life measures using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire scores. These data have been followed at 18, 24, 36, and 48 months and shown endurance of effect.8–10 Clinical trial data have been corroborated by single and multi-institutional case series showing similar improvements in PSG and quality of life measures."}
+{"id": "154720", "text": "A considerable body of research indicates that the interaction between providers and patients with low health literacy is often poor [9],[11],[12] but surprisingly those patients in our study with insufficient health literacy were nearly two times more likely to report being given lifestyle advice and over three times more likely to be referred for, and attend lifestyle modification programs. Although contrary to our study hypothesis, this is a positive finding, suggesting that for this group of patients at least there is heightened identification on the part of GPs and recognition that some form of external advice and support may be required. Again we are unable to comment about the quality or degree of the interaction that occurred in these instances and the numbers in this study are too small to generalise. This does to some degree support the notion of an asset based concept in health literacy as these patients indicate an aptitude for self-management and the likelihood that they would further develop capacity given the correct inputs. Prevention generally involves a change in behaviour and assessing a patient’s willingness to change is the first part of this process. Assessing the individual’s level of motivation in relation to their health care is a valuable way to bring patients into the decision making process."}
+{"id": "154889", "text": "All patients undergoing home sleep monitoring independently of the high or low initial clinical probability of OSAHS will be referred to the sleep unit, where specialists, in a blinded fashion regarding primary care results and with all documentation available, will take a further diagnostic–therapeutic decision according to the same four possible scenarios defined in primary care. Finally, all patients referred to the sleep unit will undergo a complete respiratory polygraphy or conventional polysomnography at the sleep unit to establish a definite diagnosis and therapeutic indication. This approach will allow analyzing the diagnostic and therapeutic concordance between primary care and specialized care, using the same basic tools (clinical findings and ambulatory sleep monitoring) and with the final results of the gold standard examination. The two stages of the model are shown in Figs 1 and 2."}
+{"id": "154969", "text": "Interpreting health information and acquiring health knowledge have become more important with the accumulation of scientific medical knowledge and ideals of patient autonomy. Health literacy and its tremendous success as a concept can be considered an admission that not all is well in the distribution of health knowledge. The internet makes health information much more easily accessible than ever, but it introduces its own problems, of which health disinformation is a major one."}
+{"id": "155085", "text": "The merged Prescription and Patient registry population with UCC showed a relatively small number of patients within the UCC-group whereas those with RCC were relatively more frequent, indicating that a substantial group of patients suffers from chronic cough on top of their underlying main disease. The merged group might be a more trustfully group of patients, as they have both the symptoms and the prescription of relevant medication and has been seen in both primary and secondary care. The reason for the imbalance between the patients prescribed relevant medication and not given the diagnosis of cough in hospital setting, might be a lack of referral to hospital or that patients are given another diagnosis than cough due to a lack of proper ICD-10 code. The study set-up does not make any possibility of explanation. In patients with persistent cough despite treatment for an underlying cause (ie the RCC-population) the persistent cough might be viewed and treated as an uncontrolled disease with larger doses asthma- or reflux medication, whereas persistent cough of unknown cause is more difficult to evaluate and treat. New approaches with other treatment options focusing more on the coughing reflex might alter this phenomenon."}
+{"id": "155117", "text": "This study suggests that health professionals have a limited understanding of health literacy and of the consequences of low health literacy for their Indigenous patients. This lack of understanding combined with the perceived barriers to improving health literacy limit health professionals’ ability to improve their Indigenous patients’ health literacy skills and may limit patients’ capacity to improve understanding of their illness and instructions on how to manage their health condition/s."}
+{"id": "155139", "text": "Two nurses were trained to perform WST screening among the patients within one hour of admission to the ED. The WST consists of a test in which the patient is challenged by intake of volumes of 5 mL and 60 mL of water. Positive signs of potential dysphagia are cough and/or voice change when swallowing the water. The response combination of cough and voice change improves the predictive value of WST [16]."}
+{"id": "155276", "text": "To compare pulse oximetry with manual analysis against all signals of respiratory polygraphy."}
+{"id": "155414", "text": "The results of our study have shown that the SM portable device can be used as an alternative diagnostic tool in this population either at home or in sleep clinic."}
+{"id": "155812", "text": "In conclusion, this study identifies that the laryngeal dysfunction that occurs in some patients with chronic persistent cough is responsive to therapy."}
+{"id": "155969", "text": "In this study, which was based on an anonymous survey completed by family physicians, pulmonologists, and allergists, we obtained data on the diagnostic tests performed to study patients with chronic cough and treatments prescribed to patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough, as well as on perceived effectiveness of such treatments. Since the results are based on the direct responses of the physicians and not on a review of clinical records, they reflect the perceptions and opinions of these professionals. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between prescription and perception of efficacy scores assigned to different therapeutic families and found that around 45% of prescription was associated with perceived effectiveness; therefore, other factors may account for the more or less frequent prescription of drugs to treat unexplained or refractory chronic cough."}
+{"id": "156055", "text": "This study analyzed the epidemiological patterns of different respiratory viruses in pediatric patients with ARI from central Panama and found that the prevalence of the specific respiratory viruses identified varied with season and age. The most common viruses were RSV, influenza A, and rhinovirus. There were no reports of human metapneumovirus associated with ARI, which may be explained by the time and geographic location of the study. Knowledge of the local epidemiology of respiratory viruses in tropical countries is helpful in forecasting the peaks of hospitalizations due to ARIs and may help improve prevention efforts aiming at respiratory disease control in these settings."}
+{"id": "156058", "text": "Superior hyoid displacement is greater in taller individuals than in shorter individuals 12. Height and sex have an influence on the size of the hypopharynx and the larynx, with an independent and interacting effect on the morphology of the pharynx and the larynx 13. In women the pharynx air column is surrounded by smaller structures, and there are no differences related to pharyngeal air column measurements 14. The pharyngeal cross-sectional area measured with individuals in the sitting position is greater in men than in women 15. These anatomical differences may influence the modifications caused by the swallowed bolus volume. The differences in swallowing timing in men and women, and with the swallowed bolus volume, may be important in patients with dysphagia. Some patients may not be able to swallow higher volumes because of their incapacity to change the swallow dynamics and to increase the oral and pharyngeal capacity with the increase in bolus volume."}
+{"id": "156071", "text": "Some of the most pressing issues to be studied in future prospective clinical trials involve the place and duration of JAK inhibitors in the pretransplant period (together with an optimized timing sequence for discontinuation), early versus late transplantation, and the role of ruxolitinib or other drugs in managing patients in the posttransplant period."}
+{"id": "156293", "text": "In the Barmer GEK survey (31), the average health literacy score among the unemployed was slightly higher than that for those employed. The data suggests that neither age nor gender differences explained this difference. The results of the survey indicate that expectations concerning success in staying healthy received the lowest score and may therefore be regarded as an area of need for an intervention."}
+{"id": "156468", "text": "Ruxolitinib exposure is increased in GvHD patients in comparison to myelofibrosis patients due to reduced clearance and comedication with CYP3A4 or CYP2C9 inhibitors. Elevated Ruxolitinib trough concentrations might be a surrogate for toxicity."}
+{"id": "156541", "text": "Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by complete or incomplete and recurrent upper airway collapse induced by sleep. Several diagnostic methods for obstructive sleep apnea are used, but only sleep endoscopy allows an endoscopic assessment of pharyngeal collapse during sedation. It is essential to carry out sleep endoscopy following a systematic institutional protocol, in preestablished stages, to ensure better reproducibility and reliability of the results found. Sleep endoscopy has few limitations and is a safe test, with a low risk of complications."}
+{"id": "156732", "text": "Bedside upper airway ultrasound is a method that directly observes the upper airway structures in real time to identify endotracheal tube location to determine whether it is in the trachea or in the oesophagus. Therefore, it falls in the primary verification procedures."}
+{"id": "156906", "text": "Several barriers inhibited the development and use of health literacy skills and limited opportunities for participants to become actively involved in healthcare consultations. These barriers are broadly categorised as personal barriers, emotional barriers and professional barriers."}
+{"id": "157018", "text": "Finally, the length of the HLQ might be seen as a limitation when used in some settings such as clinical locations. While the HLQ itself consists of 44 items and is typically accompanied by 13 or more sociodemographic and health status questions it was successfully administered in the present study by busy clinicians in the course of their usual clinical work. This suggests that the HLQ is written using words and concepts that respondents find straightforward to understand and can answer quite quickly. As there are 9 scales in the HLQ, the 44 items are necessary to ensure scale reliability while maintaining comprehensive coverage of the multidimensional health literacy concept. While comprehensive coverage of the health literacy construct is required in many studies, some, such as national surveys [41] and studies seeking to answer questions about select aspects of health, may use only one or more of the scales."}
+{"id": "157464", "text": "Detailed intraoral examination for the entire oral and pharyngeal mucosal surfaces. Signs and symptoms identification were objectively searched for, and /or reported by the patients for any mucosal changes using simple disposable dental examination instruments. Oropharyngeal lesions were diagnosed and documented according to the history and clinically accepted criteria based on the WHO Guide to Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Diseases. Otorhinolaryngological dysfunctions were assessed and recorded by the ENT specialist (ear examination by inspection, palpation and otoscopic examination. Hearing assessment by tuning fork test and suspected hearing loss patients were subjected to pure tone audiometry and tympanometry. Nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal examination was performed using simple outpatient clinic tools."}
+{"id": "157521", "text": "This is the first study to objectively assess response to a speech language pathology programme for refractory chronic cough using measures of cough sensitivity and cough frequency. We have shown that patients with refractory chronic cough have significantly decreased cough sensitivity and cough frequency together with an improvement in clinical outcome and cough and laryngeal symptoms following the speech language pathology intervention. Participants had an early symptom response to the speech language pathology program that was further improved upon throughout subsequent treatment sessions. Generally, a patient needed 3 to 4 treatment sessions and the response was maintained after the intervention ceased."}
+{"id": "157544", "text": "AR was used to evaluate the nasal obstructions before and after rhinoplasty in 37 patients. AR could be used to identify the indications for surgical procedure and to assess the postoperative achievement of the surgery in patients with septal deviation. Some authors recommended that AR was a useful method mainly in evaluating anterior nasal space, and also it was reported that AR was a useful method in the assessment of nasal valve area. But AR has some restrictions particularly in evaluating the posterior part of the nasal cavity."}
+{"id": "157769", "text": "This investigation demonstrated that the pharyngeal transit duration, measured from the time the bolus tail crossed the oral-pharyngeal transition to the time the bolus tail finished crossing the UES, was faster for a 10 mL liquid bolus than for a 5 mL liquid bolus. Although there are anatomic differences related to corporal height, and men and women may have some differences in swallowing dynamics, the results regarding the increase in bolus volume were similar. The faster pharyngeal bolus transit might be associated with the increase in upstream intrabolus pressure with the increase in the bolus volume 20-22, or a likely increase in the base of the tongue pressure. However, a previous investigation did not find alterations in the maximal tongue base pressure with the variation of bolus volumes 23. The explanation for the alteration of the bolus transit duration might be the UES alteration with the increase in the bolus volume, with a decrease in the minimal UES pressure with the increase in the bolus volume 23, which could facilitate bolus propulsion and transit through the pharynx."}
+{"id": "157920", "text": "Participants almost unanimously named the short length of a doctor’s visit, the stress of not understanding things fully while at the visit, and the inability to access useful information post visit as characteristic of their health care experience. Patient portals were seen as offering at least a partial remedy for this very unsatisfactory situation. Many felt that online records could empower them with increased access to health information, resulting in a greater focus on their health and allowing them to be more proactive about taking care of their health."}
+{"id": "158282", "text": "Among the participants who had access to their physician, some reported that they did not always get the information that they wanted when consulting their doctor. Many remarked that they did not receive enough information or explanations about their health issues. They perceived the information as too superficial and felt that they were often unable to ask all the questions they wanted to ask. This could be for different reasons. Participants were aware that physicians see many patients and that the time available for asking questions and getting detailed information is limited or insufficient. Participants also thought that doctors sometimes fail to listen to them, that they are disregarded, and act as if they are not open to discussion and communication. In some cases, physicians voluntarily transmitted only superficial information to avoid worrying their patients unnecessarily."}
+{"id": "158316", "text": "The longest follow-up result of MLS was reported by Andsberg et al. In this study, 16 patients had undergone UPPP combined with midline glossectomy and followed up 1 y and 8.4 y after surgery. The success rates were 59% and 56%, respectively; and the cure rates were 32% and 25%, respectively. The weight of these patients did not change during the follow-up period, which may explain the long-term stable outcome."}
+{"id": "158558", "text": "A third study measured reading level using the Test of Basic Adult Education in 193 adult learners. Those with very low reading levels (at or below 4th grade), had significantly lower scores on the physical and psychosocial domains of the Sickness Impact Profile than those with higher (5th grade+) reading levels [28]. This study used an objective measure of health but focused on a group of people who were motivated to address their literacy difficulties and so were not necessarily representative of the general population with low literacy. People who have sought help with literacy may be more likely to let health professionals know they have difficulty with reading and writing. Psychosocial health impairment may be more prevalent in those who do not seek help with literacy education and so may be underestimated by this study."}
+{"id": "158583", "text": "Table 1 shows all general questions and the average expert estimated values attributed to those questions by the specialists interviewed with regard to obtaining a clinical history in patients with swallowing disorders. Table 2 shows the specific questions including the average expert estimated values."}
+{"id": "159006", "text": "The CLBP participants were recruited from a physiotherapy waiting list in a large city hospital. Twenty eight potential participants were contacted by letter and invited to take part in the study. Participants were included if they had a history of low back pain of more than 12 weeks duration and excluded if they had any serious spinal pathology, major active psychotic illness and/or a primary diagnosis of insomnia."}
+{"id": "159334", "text": "Several classification systems have been introduced to characterize DISE findings [36-40]. The VOTE classification system, comprised of the Velum, Oropharyngeal (lateral walls), Tongue, and Epiglottis, is widely used for DISE scoring. The most common finding from DISE is multilevel collapse, despite heterogeneity among studies [41,42]. The patterns of complete concentric collapse (CCC), multilevel collapse, and tongue base collapse are associated with higher AHI [41,42]. CCC has been associated with poor surgical outcomes in multilevel surgery and upper airway stimulation (UAS) [43,44], but is well-addressed by MMA [45]."}
+{"id": "159412", "text": "Nasal assessment is recommended whenever there is nasal obstruction and difficulty in using a nasal mask, discussing intervention with the prescribing physician if nasal symptoms persist."}
+{"id": "159625", "text": "A higher rate of virus shedding and IAV prevalence was reported during the fall and early winter months than summer season because the high relative humidity present in the environment during summer decreases the transmission of influenza virus [267]. The high relative humidity in summer facilitates the generation of larger droplets which are less likely to be aerosol transmitted to a longer distance as they tend to fall on the ground quickly after their formation [240,258]."}
+{"id": "159665", "text": "Evidence on the exact nature of the relationship between health literacy and health disparities remains still scarce. Most studies identified in this review focused on racial/ethnic disparities, being a proxy for other important predictors of health disparities. Some limited evidence was found on the role of health literacy in mediating educational and racial/ethnic disparities with regard to self-reported health status. Also, some evidence was found on its role as a mediator between racial/ethnic disparities and medication management/adherence and health knowledge. Only few studies tested for hypothesized pathways and systematically scrutinized the relationship between health literacy and health disparities. There is a need to systematically conceptualize the pathways that link health literacy to health disparities and to address whether other social disparities interfere with this relationship. Especially longitudinal studies would shed more light on the potential causal pathways explaining the potential mediating function of health literacy and other mediating variables on health disparities. More rigorous studies are needed that not only clearly define the disparity but also the groups under investigation, by choosing an appropriate reference group and potentially holding other social factors constant between these groups."}
+{"id": "159684", "text": "Intraoperative findings of GP: The small bone fragment was towed forward 13 mm and fixed with one Depuy Synthes Matrix LOCK Chin Plate."}
+{"id": "159947", "text": "The theoretical model was built on an assumption that HPs always will corporate but that the patients with low and high level of health literacy does not always experience this. The reason for this might be, that in a busy schedule, it can be hard to find time to pay sufficient attention to the socially disadvantaged with low health literacy, or tariffs may not allow more time or more money for the treatment of such patients. On the other hand, patients with high level of health literacy might have higher demands for their treatment as they are well-informed and able to seek second opinions. Therefore, the HPs might not be able to comply with the wishes and expectations of patients with high level of health literacy. Several studies showed that trust in the health care system is crucial for most patients [2] and the foundation for a good and well-functioning health care system [3, 4]. In today’s health care system with scarce resources, it is of urgent importance to better understand the consequences of different health literacy levels among patient groups. This can potentially strengthen the quality of treatment, the patient satisfaction and the use of available resources and at the same time help to decrease inequality in health across social groups. The study was carried out in Denmark where the health care system is universal and has free and equal access to healthcare for all citizens. Nevertheless, the findings might inform other types of health care systems to understand the need for tailored approaches to patients’ level of health literacy and their social status."}
+{"id": "159975", "text": "Respondents described times where they felt miscommunication had limited the support they could offer patients and families. They reported feeling upset, frustrated and embarrassed due to a lack of information. This led to a feeling that they were not providing the standard of care they desired."}
+{"id": "160381", "text": "To conclude, this current study suggested that intravenous TXA significantly reduced total volume of postoperative bleeding in both adult and pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the single cardiovascular center without increasing the composite incidence of mortality and morbidities."}
+{"id": "160395", "text": "The use of JAK inhibitors in the presented cases, both topically and orally, resulted in remarkable clinical improvement in subjective and objective findings. This was particularly evident in the first and second cases, where topical ruxolitinib led to the resolution of pruritus, perifollicular erythema, and scale. An anecdote suggests that topical therapies work better for FFA than for generalized LPP, with authors hypothesizing that thinner skin of the frontal scalp allows topical preparations to penetrate to the level of the follicular bulge more effectively than on thicker areas of the scalp. From the perspective of patients, it should be noted that although creams tend to be more efficacious than solutions or other vehicles for JAKs, their use may be cumbersome for some patients to apply to larger areas of the scalp, leading to decreased compliance."}
+{"id": "160479", "text": "There is nearly 40% increase in the incidence of missed appointments for patients who had sedentary lifestyles. This could be explained by patients who are engaged in sedentary lifestyles may be low health literacy and are less likely to understand adequately what they are expected to do with their chronic condition. In this point of view, they may be more likely to miss their medical appointment compared to patients who are not engaged in sedentary lifestyles."}
+{"id": "160759", "text": "A male construction worker lost working days to illness and reported a negative impact on employer perceptions of his ability: even when he made himself available to do some work:"}
+{"id": "161011", "text": "Patients newly diagnosed with severe OSAHS based on the results of polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy with measures of AHI and oxygen saturation were recruited offline in a clinical setting. All sleep studies were interpreted manually by a sleep technician according to the standard criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events [15], and the interpretations were reviewed by certified physicians."}
+{"id": "161208", "text": "Overall, our reviews suggest that patients with lower health literacy may be less able to use PtDAs effectively and to engage in shared decision making unless special attention has been paid to low health literacy in the PtDA development process. The reviews also indicate that patients with lower health literacy may be at greater need of support in decision making, given their higher levels of uncertainty and decisional regret, less involvement, and less patient-centered care. These findings suggest that attention to the needs of lower health literacy patients is required in PtDAs. Our reviews of the PtDA literature shows that health literacy has rarely been considered in the literature to date. However, in the small number of studies where the literacy needs of patients have been attended to, the results are encouraging."}
+{"id": "161398", "text": "A similar pattern of cognitive dysfunction was also noted when dividing the group into those with daytime sleep disturbance on either the ESS or actigraphy despite the ESS positive group not identifying higher amounts of napping. This result implies that both measurements are tapping into the same subset of patients with PD. However, patients who were positive on the ESS also had higher levels of depression and more advanced disease both of which are known to be independent predictors of cognitive dysfunction. These confounds were not identified when dividing the group based on actigraphy implying that the ESS may be affected by other non-sleep related symptoms. Establishing the reason why the ESS was not able to identify excessive napping was beyond the scope of this study. However, it may be that the ESS is tapping into the akinetic rigid phenotype of PD within which EDS, excessive daytime napping, depression and cognitive dysfunctions exist in varying combinations. Further studies are needed to confirm if scores on the ESS confounded by concomitant problems associated with the sleep disturbance in PD such as depression and more advanced disease."}
+{"id": "161922", "text": "Overall, based on the present studies it is difficult to estimate the potential prevalence of OSA/OSAS in the general population in these countries, because of the heterogeneity of the subjects and methods used to assess patients at risk and different types of sleep monitoring devices used."}
+{"id": "161990", "text": "Over the last 40 years the assessment and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has focused primarily on airflow obstruction with little significance given to the problem of cough. The reasons for this include a view that cough arises simply from the direct irritant and inflammatory effect of cigarette smoke or the presence of excess mucus in the airways. Doubt that cough is of any consequence to patients or responsive to current therapies has reinforced this opinion. At odds with this is the emerging evidence that cough impacts adversely on patients’ health status and forms an important component of recently validated quality of life instruments. This article presents the arguments why the assessment and treatment of cough should have a more prominent place in the clinical management of COPD."}
+{"id": "162056", "text": "All patients with voice prosthesis who underwent laryngectomy followed by our institute were offered enrollment. Patients who agreed to participate were interviewed to inquire about the nature of the need and to plan a video call with the appropriate clinician. Before and 1 week after the clinician’s call, patients were tested with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Degrees of satisfaction were investigated with a visual analog scale. A comparison between those who accepted and refused telematic support was carried out to identify factors that influence patient interest in teleservice."}
+{"id": "162098", "text": "DISE allows the visualization of the sites and patterns of partial or total UA collapse under different levels of sedation. This may be useful in the selection of surgical candidates amongst the OSA patients."}
+{"id": "162223", "text": "We conducted spectral power analysis of sleep EEG derived from PSG in patients with suspected OSA. The major finding of the present study is the spectral power difference in the delta and beta frequency bands of sleep EEG between the SS and OSA groups (Table 2). We found increased delta and beta activity in the OSA group compared to the SS group. In addition, the beta power positively correlated with AHI in the OSA group and total participants."}
+{"id": "162235", "text": "In summary, we found that qEEG spectral power in the delta and beta bands of NREM sleep differ between the SS and OSA groups. The higher delta and beta power were found in the OSA group than SS group and beta power was correlated with AHI in combined group. This study reports differences in microstructures of PSG-derived sleep EEG between SS and OSA and how these differences in microstructures may reveal areas that were not previously explained by macrostructure and traditional parameters in PSG. The current finding of the increased delta power in the OSA group might explain previous reports on the lack of an association between the AHI and subjective symptoms in patients with SDB. Future investigations need to focus on the characterisation of features of SDB in both conventional and microstructural aspects of PSG in order to clarify the neural mechanism of SDB and explain clinical phenomena not explained by conventional PSG."}
+{"id": "162332", "text": "With this study, we utilized the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), a self-administered 10-item measure of symptoms of dysphagia, which has previously demonstrated excellent criterion-based validity"}
+{"id": "162440", "text": "Another possibility is that women and men differ in terms of exposure and training opportunities. If olfaction is regarded as a feminine sense, men may have a disadvantage as they haven’t sought odours out to the same degree, and may thus be less attentive to odours in their everyday lives. Training has been shown to have an effect on olfactory function even in children."}
+{"id": "162661", "text": "Decrease in the size of PAS is also attributed to the inflammation and swelling of the soft tissues following the surgery. There will be encroachment of inflamed tissue on the PAS thereby potentially compromising its potency, and this could also be the possible explanation for change in position of hyoid bone as an adaptation to preserve the airway potency. Considering these could be the short term which might return back to their original position once the inflammation subsides. Thus three time periods were considered in this study. Pre-treatment, immediate postsurgical and post orthodontic treatment."}
+{"id": "163104", "text": "Hari and Maharaj described variations in the proportion of the different procedures performed with the most significant changes seen in the numbers of tonsillectomies and sinus surgical procedures. This was readily explained by their departmental policy to cancel scheduled cases. Upper airway endoscopy consisting predominantly of direct laryngoscopy and surgical drainage of deep neck space infections remained the most common procedures performed in both periods. Both procedures were performed more frequently in the post-lockdown period. In the study by Ralli et al., a drastic reduction in the number of head and neck infections were noted. It is possible that data from the peak of South Africa’s pandemic may reflect similar changes."}
+{"id": "163357", "text": "In the multivariate model, a high incidence of IPD was associated with an increase in influenza virus infection in the concurrent month and an increase in RSV infection in the previous month in the total population. In children aged <5 years there was an association between IPD and adenovirus in the concurrent month and with RSV in the previous month. No association was found in other age groups. A reduction in temperature was associated with high IPD incidence in all age groups."}
+{"id": "163866", "text": "We identified 95 consecutive patients with chronic osteomyelitis requiring radical excision of necrotic bone and compromised soft tissues with free flap reconstruction. The distribution of osteomyelitis by bone involvement is shown in Table 3."}
+{"id": "163959", "text": "Scrotal calcinosis is an uncommon disease with multiple scrotal nodules which is amenable to excision and direct closure but occasionally may require complex scrotal reconstruction."}
+{"id": "164004", "text": "There has been a successful partnership with our visiting nurses who have provided outstanding care to our patients for many years. Despite this, we have been forced to examine how we communicate with home care services once our patients are discharged from the hospital. This is particularly evident with new nurses who lack the experience of their seasoned colleagues or ones who have not cared for this patient population in the past. Protocols must be established in the form of an in-service training for nursing staff that accurately describes the procedure as well as what to expect during all phases of the postoperative period. Spending more time to educate the patient as well as providers outside the hospital setting can help prevent situations such as this in the future."}
+{"id": "164329", "text": "A GPA can also be used in emergency situations as depicted in our second case [Figure 2] when the ensuing edema had caused venous compression and later thrombosis, needing vein graft interposition. A GPA was used to cover the wound until the flap pedicles across the anastamosis become stable and the edema subsided before secondary closure was possible after 2 weeks."}
+{"id": "164363", "text": "In patients with suspected VTE, the goal of diagnosis is to rapidly and accurately distinguish those with the condition from those without it. This is essential because patients with VTE require rapid initiation of anticoagulant therapy, whereas those without the condition do not. The wrong diagnosis is problematic because failure to prescribe anticoagulant therapy to patients with VTE can enable thrombus extension and fatal PE and because inappropriate administration of anticoagulants to those without VTE can lead to fatal bleeding. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential."}
+{"id": "164406", "text": "The value of “point of care” diagnosis has been recognized. Making the diagnosis in the plastic surgery office expedites patient treatment and reduces the inconvenience and expense of a patient visit to a hospital radiology department. Courses are now being offered to familiarize physicians with ultrasound use. Sonograms for DVT evaluation are ideally conducted by trained sonographers who are credentialed in vascular studies. The author does not perform any ultrasound examinations personally."}
+{"id": "164944", "text": "In conclusion, both sural artery flap and lateral supramalleolar flaps have proven reliable, versatile, and effective choice of reconstruction for medium to large size wounds, even in debilitated patients. The lateral Supramalleolar flap is the first choice for reconstruction of dorsal defect of the ankle and foot provided the surgeon is experienced and dissects the pedicle flap first to determine the mode flap elevation retrograde or antegrade. Based on the vascular axis, it has a large skin paddle and a wide rotation arc that reaches the distal areas of the foot and allows excellent coverage with low complication and facilitates good outcomes. The sural artery flap can cover larger defects as compared to the Supramalleolar flap but the arc of rotation is around the last peroneal perforator that is 5–7 cm above the tip of the lateral malleolus."}
+{"id": "164973", "text": "One specific limitation of current methods of photodynamic therapy is that the visible light used to activate photosensitizer has a shallow tissue-penetration depth of several millimeters. This limits the application of photodynamic therapy to surface cancers in the absence of a technique to illuminate deeper tissue. Fiberoptic endoscopy can aid in the delivery of visible light to remote anatomical sites within the body that cannot be illuminated with an external light source. Another approach is to use nanoparticles which can emit the visible light needed to activate photosensitizer. Infrared light, as opposed to visible light, can penetrate tissue to a depth of several centimeters but cannot activate visible-light absorbing photosensitizers. Biocompatible nanoparticles can be designed to absorb infrared light and emit visible light in a process called upconversion. Upconversion is a process whereby matter absorbs long wavelength light such as infrared and emits visible light. Fluorescent dyes can be adsorbed to upconversion nanoparticles and photodynamic therapy can be achieved in deeper tissue upon irradiation with infrared light. Fluorescent upconversion nanoparticles also afford selectivity and control as they may be activated only by illumination of an area of diseased tissue, such as a tumor, with infrared light and are by themselves atoxic in the absence of infrared light. Also, fluorescent upconversion nanoparticle constructs can be monitored as to their location in the body and uptake by cancer cells, aiding in evaluation of exact doses required to treat the targeted cancer. One approach to cancer treatment that is increasingly gaining in popularity for clinical use is photodynamic therapy. PDT is a treatment that uses a combination of light-absorbing photosensitizer and dissolved oxygen to kill cancer. As a cancer treatment, photodynamic therapy is considered to be a milder approach, as oxygen is the active agent responsible for achieving cancer cell death as opposed to agents that are toxic to the body as a whole, such as chemotherapy drugs and radiation. Additionally, the light-absorbing photosensitizers are atoxic to the body in the absence of light. Photodynamic therapy is also a method that can be controlled with regards to the location of the treatment as it requires selective illumination of the treatment area with light. Selective illumination and light activation then enable selective damage of diseased tissue without damaging the surrounding healthy tissue. For example, if light-absorbing photosensitizer is injected into a patient, only the tumor needs to be illuminated with light which initiates the cancer cell-killing effect. Several photoactivated photosensitizers have been approved for clinical use in the treatment of cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, early lung cancer and malignant skin tumors. The treatment of cancer continues to be a challenging task and the combination of medicine with nanotechnology can advance photodynamic therapy by enhancing control with regard to specific treatment location and activation by sources of illumination in deep tissue. One specific limitation of current methods of PDT is that the visible light used to activate photosensitizer has a short tissue penetration depth of several millimeters. This limits the application of photodynamic therapy to surface cancers in the absence of a technique to illuminate deeper tissue. Fiberoptic endoscopy can aid in the delivery of visible light to remote anatomical sites within the body that cannot be illuminated with an external light source. Another approach is to use nanoparticles that can emit the visible light needed to activate photosensitizer. Infrared light, as opposed to visible light, can penetrate tissue to a depth of several centimeters but cannot activate visible-light absorbing photosensitizer."}
+{"id": "165012", "text": "Perforator flaps may represent a good alternative to the free flaps in the areas were other local reconstructive procedures are not possible. This is a versatile technique and with decreased donor site morbidity limited to a single body area. There is a specific like to like soft tissue replacement leading to a better cosmetic and reconstructive outcome. The main drawback of the perforator flaps however is the higher risk of venous congestion."}
+{"id": "165017", "text": "We concluded two findings: firstly, for accurate preoperative planning of a vascularized free fibula procedure, examination of the bilateral lower leg vasculature either by angiography or other imaging should be performed. Secondly, abnormalities are not in themselves reason to abandon the vascularized free fibula procedure. We contend that pedal pulses should be evaluated preoperatively and provided that adequate foot circulation can be confirmed (by temporarily clamping the vessels and releasing the tourniquet during the operation prior to harvesting the free vascularized fibula) the procedure should be successful without jeopardizing the donor leg."}
+{"id": "165276", "text": "Exposure was defined as a prescription filled for prophylactic low-dose anticoagulation within 7 days after discharge from the index hospitalization during which the index surgery occurred. The agents and dosing of eligible anticoagulants are presented in Table 7."}
+{"id": "165463", "text": "Gap arthroplasty without interpositional graft was performed in five patients, and other TMJ surgical approaches were used in four patients for the management of TMJ ankylosis. These approaches were evaluated in this clinical study. Complete evaluations of ankylosis etiology must be confirmed, and sufficient excision while maintaining a wide gap space, combined coronoidectomy, and other additional operative techniques must be executed according to individual cases. Thorough physical therapy with an IOS and periodic follow-up for more than 2 years after surgery are also necessary to avoid recurrence and complications. IOSs enable more comfortable mandibular movement and act as a guide for mouth opening exercises in active postoperative physiotherapy for TMJ ankylosis patients."}
+{"id": "165604", "text": "Although limited in the literature, reports of immediate breast reconstruction have been produced., Immediate breast reconstruction with implant only autologus tissue alone or in combination with an implant did not warrant a higher recurrence rate compared to simple mastectomy and also it did not interfere with follow up or the detection of recurrent lesions.- In the appropriate setting nipple sparing skin-sparing mastectomy can be applied without affecting recurrence rates something that is in the author’s previous personal experience. The same applies for breast conservation oncoplastic approach in the treatment of wide excisions and local recurrence being no different provided adequate margins are achieved."}
+{"id": "165731", "text": "Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that is often difficult to treat and causes a significant healthcare burden. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis mouse models have been established to gain further insights into the pathogenesis and host response. Here, we use an established S. aureus hematogenous osteomyelitis mouse model to investigate morphological tissue changes and bacterial localization in chronic osteomyelitis with a focus on the pelvis. X-ray imaging was performed to follow the disease progression. Six weeks post infection, when osteomyelitis had manifested itself with a macroscopically visible bone deformation in the pelvis, we used two orthogonal methods, namely fluorescence imaging and label-free Raman spectroscopy, to characterise tissue changes on a microscopic scale and to localise bacteria in different tissue regions. Hematoxylin and eosin as well as Gram staining were performed as a reference method. We could detect all signs of a chronically florid tissue infection with osseous and soft tissue changes as well as with different inflammatory infiltrate patterns. Large lesions dominated in the investigated tissue samples. Bacteria were found to form abscesses and were distributed in high numbers in the lesion, where they could occasionally also be detected intracellularly. In addition, bacteria were found in lower numbers in surrounding muscle tissue and even in lower numbers in trabecular bone tissue. The Raman spectroscopic imaging revealed a metabolic state of the bacteria with reduced activity in agreement with small cell variants found in other studies. In conclusion, we present novel optical methods to characterise bone infections, including inflammatory host tissue reactions and bacterial adaptation."}
+{"id": "165850", "text": "Interposition vein grafts can be used to salvage compromised free flaps; they are most often used in patients who have undergone multiple microvascular flap surgeries of the head and neck. Although an increased postoperative complication risk was noted compared with standardized surgical techniques, vein grafts have a high success rate, even in difficult cases. The selections of healthy recipient arteries and veins as well as meticulous flap monitoring are the key determinants of successful microvascular surgery using interposition vein grafts. It is a reliable option for challenging head and neck reconstruction and a valuable alternative for salvage cases."}
+{"id": "166045", "text": "The choice of graft ultimately depends on the availability of autologous conduit and the size of the vessel being bypassed. The saphenous and cephalic veins are currently the most frequently used autologous conduits for upper extremity bypass operations.1,3 Venous conduits are not limited by length, and saphenous veins generally have a more compatible diameter than cephalic veins.5 Where vessel length is not an issue, arteries can be ideal for interpositional or bypass grafting because they are structurally homologous to the affected vessels. Smith and colleagues17 found no evidence of intimal hyperplasia and 100% graft patency from 7 to 24 months in 3 patients with hypothenar hammer syndrome treated with a segment of the deep inferior epigastric artery. These conduits could thus be indicated in patients who may need additional procedures in the future, such as smokers or manual laborers who must continue to expose the hand to repetitive palmar trauma."}
+{"id": "166296", "text": "After the rapid development of the relapsing tumor we had to create an even larger defect after to achieve complete tumour resection. Thus we were facing the demand for a larger soft tissue cover than after the first tumour resection. The favoring of the free latissimus dorsi muscle flap and its coverage with split thickness skin grafts was based on three advantages of this muscle flap: first all muscle flaps may solve defect problems even under extremely difficult local conditions by their vascularization. Secondly the large diameter of the vessels of the latissimus dorsi flap and its long, anatomically constant vascular pedicle promote safety of this operative procedure. Thirdly, the dimensions and thickness of this large, but flat free muscle flap can be nicely adapted to the convex surface of the skull. Covering the surface of the muscle flap with split thickness skin grafts leads to resistance against chronic mechanical stress and has a better aesthetic result. The particular problem in the presented case was to obtain a sufficient pedicle length, since the contralateral temporal artery was not available for anastomosis after the first tumour resection. Therefore, besides using the latissimus dorsi free flap with its long pedicle, it had to be combined with the preservation and use of the former radial flap vessels as new donor vessels. The concept of utilizing the vascular pedicle of a previous free flap while removing the rest of the flap is an interesting alternative to gain length and freedom of positioning a second required microvascular free flap. One disadvantage in the case of neoplasms involving the first flap might be an increased risk of local recurrence when preserving parts of the first pedicle. In the presented case, we tried to avoid this possibility by only preserving the proximal part of the pedicle."}
+{"id": "166368", "text": "Our study adds more real-world data to support the idea that oral antimicrobials can be highly efficacious in the treatment of musculoskeletal infections. We did not directly consider the differences in economic and quality of life measures between oral and IV therapy, but previous studies have noted decreased economic and quality of life burdens with oral therapy in comparison to IV therapy. We have no reason to believe the same would not be true for our study population."}
+{"id": "166380", "text": "about 0.1 to 0.3 per 100,000 women with prosthesis per year. A Swedish epidemiological study reviewed 3486 patients who underwent breast implantation between 1965 and 1993 and analyzed the risk of cancer in this population. A two to three fold increase in the risk of lung cancer was discovered but no increase in breast cancers was found in this population. However, this was anticipated as all the women with breast implants in this study were smokers. The FDA conducted a review of all cases of ALCL associated with breast implants between 1997 and 2010 and only 34 published cases were found. Although the FDA is aware of approximately 60 cases worldwide, many have not been published."}
+{"id": "166466", "text": "At present, the association between TFE3 expression and DTF development remains largely unknown. It is hypothesized that TFE3 may be a useful diagnostic marker for DTF, and thus we sought to assess the expression of TFE3 in 46 DTF cases via immunohistochemical approach. In addition, we compared the resultant TFE3 expression patterns with other tumor types to evaluate the specificity of this marker for DTF lesions."}
+{"id": "166468", "text": "5-fluorouracil and imiquimod disrupt the proliferation of neoplastic cells by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and activating the immune system to remove the malignancy, respectively.8"}
+{"id": "166581", "text": "The clinical context and the radiological data made the diagnosis of pseudotumoral calcinosis in our patients with chronic dialysis. The management is based on the correction of the Ca/ph product. The reduction of calcifications go through the correction of hyperparathyroidism or the increase of dialysis sessions with low‐Ca dialysate, while checking the aluminum level in the dialysate. Kidney transplantation can promote rapid decrease in calcifications and is desirable in cases of severe calcinosis. Surgery with as complete a resection as possible is recommended when there is a risk of vascular damage or on joint mobility."}
+{"id": "166655", "text": "Thus, it is observed that important factors of facial aging are mainly present in the lower part of the face. Although the scale did not specifically include submental fat, it is implied that the lower part of the face is a crucial part of facial rejuvenation."}
+{"id": "166841", "text": "He presented a 12 × 7 cm abdominal dehiscence which could not be closed neither directly nor with local advancement flaps because of excessive tension on wound edges. Moreover, patient clinical conditions made adoption of myocutaneous regional or distant flaps contraindicated. We subsequently considered NPWT as the best therapeutic option in order to reduce wound dimensions and to obtain secondary closure. For the first period negative pressure was set at −70 mmHg and was renewed twice a week (Figure 2). We decided to adopt a lower pressure at the beginning as we were not confident to apply it to a biological mesh."}
+{"id": "166915", "text": "All three cases received right kidney donations as the renal function and volume of the right kidney were inferior to those of the left kidney. The saphenous vein is procured by incising the femoral region on the same side of the transplant iliac fossa when necessary. Each patient's characteristics and clinical results were summarized in Table 1. All of these recipients had no other potential donor, and they had informed consent for the procuration of major saphenous vein and the risk of vascular accident. After operation, none of them was administered with antithrombotic agent."}
+{"id": "166990", "text": "Another important finding was the visibility of the upper pole of the implant after complete tissue healing. This has been seen with other SSM procedures. The upper edge of the implant is often visible because of skin adhesions to the muscle. To improve coverage of the upper pole of the implant, fat grafting was performed for 26 patients approximately 12 months after SRM. The great part of this patient received a full high prosthesis. In creating the prosthetic pocket, we occasionally elevated a flap of serratus muscle. However, this procedure is only used in cases of excessive lateral skin flap skeletonization or if the insertions of the pectoralis muscle are too high."}
+{"id": "167028", "text": "Osteomyelitis is a chronic infection of bones. Eradication of bone infection is usually with antibiotics and debridement, but it is slow and the infection can recur even after many years. It is now established that osteomyelitis is due to biofilm and a better understanding of the process is required. We review the development of biofilm and apply it to osteomyelitis management. The planktonic microbes' response to adverse conditions is the formation of biofilm. Bacterial infections in planktonic forms cause infections that can be controlled with antibiotics and immunisation, however the same microbe when its phenotype becomes biofilm is more resilient. The understanding of how planktonic bacteria convert to biofilm is one of the aims set out for this article."}
+{"id": "167077", "text": "Comparing two reconstructive centers with and without implemented ERAS protocol, ERAS led to a significantly decreased LOS for all patients, especially in unilateral reconstructions. ERAS implementation does not result in an increased complication rate or flap loss. Revision rates and readmission rates are identically between groups. Postoperative pain can be well managed with basic analgesia using NSAID when intraoperative blocks are applied. The reduced use of opioids was well tolerated. With implementation of ERAS the recovery experience can be enhanced making autologous breast reconstructions more available and attractive for various patients."}
+{"id": "167094", "text": "IBR is feasible and cannot be considered a risk factor for complications or flap outcome. Our results support the current trend towards an increasing number of IBR. Especially in times of economic pressure in health care, the importance of a decrease of hospitalization cannot be overemphasized."}
+{"id": "167170", "text": "The specimen is removed in an impermeable sac and extracted after extending the camera trocar incision. Frozen section results determine whether deep ipsilateral dissection will be required. We typically begin to create the working space in the other leg while waiting for the results. If the primary tumour is high grade with infiltration to corpora cavernosum or urethra, risk for deep node positivity is high enough that one should proceed without frozen section results."}
+{"id": "167335", "text": "The use of curettage under local anesthesia for treatment of actinic keratoses can be performed in isolation or in association with electrodessication, which appears to increase the resolution of potential remaining dysplastic cells and also to achieve hemostasis. An alternative to electrodessication is cryotherapy. As a monotherapy, curettage is especially indicated for patients with few lesions, especially hyperkeratotic actinic keratoses. The method is frequently used in the setting of patients with large clinical variability of keratoses as a complementary therapy for lesions resistant to field cancerization therapy, in addition to allowing the collection of material for histopathological analysis. Disadvantages regarding the method include the need for local anesthesia, the healing time, which can be prolonged when lesions are treated especially in the lower limbs, and the risk of dyspigmentation symptoms in the treated area.76, 130 Although curettage is widely performed in daily practice, the lack of randomized clinical trials evaluating the subject results in a low degree of recommendation of the procedure for actinic keratoses treatment."}
+{"id": "167764", "text": "This study aimed to evaluate the use of attached surface probes for monitoring flap perfusion with the O2C analysis system in microvascular head and neck reconstruction for the detection of vascular compromise."}
+{"id": "168184", "text": "Before the introduction of SLNB the standard of treatment for palpable metastatic inguinal lymph nodes in patients with cutaneous melanoma was inguino-iliac/obturator lymph node dissection. This was due to the fact that up to 40% of patients with palpable metastatic inguinal lymph nodes had metastases in the iliac or obturator nodes.6"}
+{"id": "168338", "text": "Local chest wall ultrasound over the flaps and axilla will be done 2 weeks after removal of drains to document or exclude the presence of any collections. The total amount and duration of drained fluid and the formation of seroma were recorded."}
+{"id": "168441", "text": "The results of the current study have shed light on the effects of photodynamic therapy for melanoma and its CSCs. It is obvious that PDT benefits from the use of photosensitizers in combination with gold nanoparticles. The best gold nanoparticles for biological applications are those that are biocompatible and have a low intrinsic toxicity. Due to their large surface area to volume ratio, they can be functionalized with a variety of other ligands in addition to photosensitizers [43]."}
+{"id": "168572", "text": "In addition to presenting two cases of desmoid tumors that were successfully treated with surgical resection, this study provides a literature review of desmoid tumors after gastric cancer surgery. Desmoid tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal tumors after gastric cancer surgery. When surgically removing tumors suspected to be desmoid, complete resection with adequate margins can prevent recurrence."}
+{"id": "168679", "text": "Flap type and postoperative wound infection were both independent risk factors influencing the flap survival rate in the foot and ankle. However, postoperative wound infection was a risk factor for the pedicled flap but not for the free flap. Microvascular anastomosis is a major cause of free flap necrosis. To reconstruct complex or wide soft tissue defects of the foot or ankle, free flaps are safer and more reliable than pedicled flaps and should thus be the primary choice."}
+{"id": "168716", "text": "A decision for lateral pelvic sidewall lymphadenectomy was taken in this series of patients when there was either radiological or intraoperative evidence of malignant lateral pelvic sidewall lymph nodes, or the tumour invaded the lateral pelvic compartment and had to be removed en bloc with the lymph nodes. Tumours within the lateral pelvic compartment are considered to have poorer prognosis [13, 18, 19]. The fact that younger patients had to undergo lateral pelvic sidewall lymphadenectomy may indicate that their tumour was more aggressive, a factor that may need to be taken into account when considering young patients for exenterative pelvic surgery. However, further studies investigating the tumour histopathology of these patients are essential to conclude this."}
+{"id": "168939", "text": "The surgeon can locate the LS based on the signal strength (Figure 4) as well as the visually brown coloration that the magnetic tracer gives to the lymph node; it can then be removed and a histological examination can be performed. This process is repeated until any remaining lymph node has a signal reading of less than 10% of the first LS removed."}
+{"id": "169004", "text": "The initial color mismatch of the flap skin paddle has been overcome by nipple reconstruction and NAC tattooing. Although immediate nipple reconstruction has been advocated by others,9 we preferred to defer this because of the potential risks of infection and healing problems."}
+{"id": "169081", "text": "The infiltrative growth pattern of desmoid tumors and their proximity to important anatomical structures make them difficult to manage. Mutilating surgery should be avoided, while surveillance or radiotherapy remain valid options."}
+{"id": "170009", "text": "The author has developed a grading system for assessment of the mastectomy flap vascularity described previously. Addressing this in several ways, firstly, by converting a prepectoral reconstruction to a subpectoral reconstruction, secondly, instead of using a fixed volume implant or fully inflated prosthesis one can deflate the prosthesis or use a prosthesis with minimal inflation for at least 3 wk before starting inflation so the skin flaps can vascularise and are in no undue tension or a delayed reconstruction altogether lastly, in patients with large ptotic breasts where the flaps are long and preservation of the nipple-areolar complex can be difficult perhaps, use of either, a reduction pattern or a simultaneous mastopexy with minimal underlying skin tension could reduce the subsequent risk of flap necrosis."}
+{"id": "170131", "text": "We usually used the LITA and the saphenous vein as grafts. The LITA was most frequently anastomosed to the LAD or D1, whereas the saphenous vein was used for up to three sequential anastomoses. The venous only revascularization was achieved using the saphenous vein as aortocoronary bypass anastomosed to the acending aorta as standardized."}
+{"id": "170201", "text": "Limited information is available on whether neutralizing antibodies resolve over time and, consequently, whether attempts at reinjection should be made after a prolonged period. An investigation is underway to determine whether injections of botulinum toxin type B are useful in patients with neutralizing antibodies to type A. Using the lowest dose of toxin necessary to achieve the desired clinical effect and avoiding reinjection within one month appear prudent in an effort to keep antibody formation as low and unlikely as possible."}
+{"id": "170284", "text": "In this study, we also did not find differences in endothelial loss between the vsE and vsO groups at the time of implantation of the distal part of the vein graft. The distal portions of vein grafts harvested with the vsE method were implanted 52 min ± 19 after harvesting and with the vsO method 72 min ± 44 after harvesting; the time of implantation was not significantly different between the two groups. During this time, the venous grafts were stored in a cold heparinized solution. There was a significant loss of endothelial cells at the time of implantation of the distal part in both groups compared to the portion of the vein graft at the time of harvesting, suggesting adverse hypoxic conditions in the heparinized solution even though the solution was cooled, which reduced metabolism and consequent oxygen demand [21]."}
+{"id": "170548", "text": "A gastrocnemius muscle flap is a versatile option for covering the proximal one-third of the lower leg and around the knee. On the other hand, it is of limited use in patients with short gastrocnemius muscle or insufficient volume. The authors present a case in which a knee soft tissue defect occurred in a very thin patient and was reconstructed using a gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap and a distally based gracilis flap as a supplementary flap."}
+{"id": "170598", "text": "PSs usually accumulate in the tumours of mice after intravenous injection. After irradiation with a red laser beam at a specific wavelength of light, photodynamic therapy is activated by the absorption of a photon, followed by the oxidation and degradation of vital biomolecules."}
+{"id": "170633", "text": "The Polish system of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, including specialization courses in surgery, provided only general guidelines concerning the issue of creating a leader or preparing for leadership. The process of building the position of a leader has had a rather spontaneous character thus far; it has been based on the individual, natural predispositions of a candidate for the position of a leader. There are no formal guidelines for this in Poland. It is required that graduates of medical studies or residents should acquire the so-called professional and social skills before they complete their specialization training. In the light of the ongoing debate, it seems worthwhile to give a thought on the role of a leader and to undertake harmonized actions to work out a common stance on understanding the issue of leadership and teach leadership skills as a part of a harmonized, methodologically correct system of education, so that the best ways of preparing residents to perform the role of a leader in surgical and other medical surroundings could be realized."}
+{"id": "170667", "text": "Treatment is ideally based on wide surgical which consists of carcinological removal of the tumor with sufficient safety margins followed by parietal reconstruction using prosthetic reinforcement if necessary. The combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy is a good alternative that provides objective answers in inoperable desmoid tumors and reduces the recurrence rate."}
+{"id": "170874", "text": "In a recent clinical comparison of the effectiveness of topical application of methyl aminolevulinic acid with photodynamic therapy verses diclofenac in hyaluronic acid, it was found that although the diclofenac therapy is more cost effective, it is less clinically effective in the complete remission rates for treatment of actinic keratosis [49]. The ability of DKP to enhance diclofenac retention within the epidermis may be useful as an alternative diclofenac delivery method for targeting actinic keratosis lesions."}
+{"id": "171072", "text": "In this single institutional study, we found a high prevalence of DVT on ultrasound scans and an association between DVT and SIRS score, serum creatinine level and IMV in these patients."}
+{"id": "171162", "text": "No better substitute for scalp tissue exists than scalp tissue itself. Tailoring the right procedure for the right patient is necessary for scalp coverage either with flap or skin expansion techniques."}
+{"id": "171183", "text": "Immediate repair and reconstruction after tumor resection were performed in all cases by two operating teams, one performing jaw resection and a second harvesting the flap. Before tumor resection and achievement of clear margins, a titanium reconstruction plate was temporarily fixed to the lower margin of the mandible in the location of anticipated mandibular segments. An aluminum template of the reconstruction plate was placed. It guided the reconstruction plate to be bent according to the mandibular curvature. A reconstruction plate was given to second team to shape the new mandible donor site before division of flap to minimize the ischemia time. The holes for the recon-plate and those of screws on the mandible were noted with markings to ensure that they were replaced in the exact position after resection and during flap in setting. The tumor was subsequently resected with safe margins, and the remaining mandibular segments were secured by mandibular maxillary fixation. A previously shaped transparent sheet of plastic was utilized to produce an outline and shape of the defect on lateral cephalogram (1:1). It was also used as a stencil to shape the harvested flap. Measurements were taken with help of a calibrated scale, which was also used for orientation of bony wedge to be removed between osteotomies (Figure 1a,b)."}
+{"id": "171479", "text": "Fillers are commonly used in several aesthetic indications. Though considered safe, several side effects have been reported. The role of biofilms in the causation of some of these side effects has been elucidated only recently and this article presents a short review of the subject."}
+{"id": "171496", "text": "Thus, the present study aims to analyze the use of vascular ultrasonography to map the saphenous vein in the preoperative period of myocardial revascularization surgery to define viability and the best site for venous graft dissection, and its impact on the reduction of unnecessary incisions and complications."}
+{"id": "171688", "text": "We present a unique case of acetabular osteomyelitis with secondary septic arthritis, treated successfully with hip arthroscopy and antibiotic therapy. This surgical technique should be considered for the experienced hip arthroscopist for management of this relatively rare condition because it provides an excellent view and access to the joint and joint surfaces and allows for excellent débridement of pathological tissues and irrigation of the joint."}
+{"id": "171837", "text": "The microsurgical ALT flap was chosen because it is considered the best option for lower limb reconstruction in children being reliable, having a relatively thick dermis and the advantage that the donor site can be hidden. Local flaps from weight‐bearing surfaces of the same foot were not considered necessary in this case because the patient was not ambulatory, and were avoided to preserve the area in case of new or recurrent PIs."}
+{"id": "171879", "text": "Preoperative mechanical thromboprophylaxis may confer an additional benefit by preventing postoperative VTE without adding more risk of perioperative bleeding in elderly patients with hip fracture."}
+{"id": "172135", "text": "In general, an association between skin cancer and a second primary cancer could reflect shared aetiologic factors or biased ascertainment of new primaries as a result of increased surveillance (Schottenberg 1996). It should also be noted that individuals who are at a high risk of skin cancer may have other risk-taking behaviours related to their increase in risk of a second primary cancer such as smoking, dietary intake and physical activity levels."}
+{"id": "172278", "text": "The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of antibiotic-impregnated PMMA spacers followed by bone transport with circular external fixation is effective in achieving remission of infection following segmental resection in chronic tibial osteomyelitis. A secondary objective was to determine the external fixation index of these cases and to compare it to those of other authors using traditional Ilizarov methods."}
+{"id": "172294", "text": "We reviewed three cases of scalp injury patients, with representative clinical information, and used these cases to outline feedback on scalp trauma treatment based on the specialty knowledge of general and emergency surgeon."}
+{"id": "172618", "text": "Breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap in the lithotomy position is useful for teaching institutions with additional operators. It provides sufficient working space and allows simultaneous procedures to be performed."}
+{"id": "172911", "text": "The neurovascular bundle of the leg was identified and dissected in a fashion consistent with conventional rotationplasty. The remaining posterior thigh musculature was transected and a large thigh skin flap along with the sciatic nerve was maintained. Prior surgeries and chronic infection had resulted in excessive scar tissue formation, encasing the femoral and popliteal vessels, as shown in Figure 2. Preserving these vessels was an unfeasible option."}
+{"id": "173063", "text": "We demonstrate that administering bilateral TPVB is a safe and useful procedure for performing cosmetic breast augmentation for patients when general anesthesia is not desirable. The procedure is advantageous in that the use of muscle relaxants, volatile anesthetic agents can be avoided. The risk of perioperative respiratory depression caused by high dose opioid usage can be minimized. Performing the block with ultrasound guidance by an anesthesiologist who is experienced in this technique, the chance of pneumothorax will be extremely low."}
+{"id": "173197", "text": "As for the cases of facial nerve neuroapraxia, they were treated by massage of affected muscles, physiotherapies in the form of galvanic stimulation, corticosteroids, and vitamin B12 injection for 8 weeks until complete recovery, which was usually achieved between 3 weeks and 3 months."}
+{"id": "173352", "text": "Additional attempts now include a rolled cylinder of collagen derived from the submucosa of porcine small intestine being used in conjunction with a skate flap in a human based study.41 The outcome at the time of surgery ranged from 6 to 7 mm nipple projection, with a 30–50% loss at 6 months."}
+{"id": "173492", "text": "To ensure clear margins preoperative imaging such as mammography or MRI is used to guide the surgeon during BCS, but they are often not sufficient to guarantee radical tumor resection. After surgery, the ultimate margin status is determined by histopathological analysis. Results of this investigation become available several days after the surgical procedure, which means that in case of tumor positive resection margins additional treatment is necessary by either reoperation or additional boost radiotherapy.– There is a clear need for a development of a new tool for direct evaluation of surgical resection margins during the surgery. In case of a tumor positive resection margin, such tool allows immediate surgical intervention during the initial surgical procedure, preventing additional treatments afterward."}
+{"id": "173694", "text": "On the morning of the surgery 4 ml of Tc99 sulfur colloid was injected peritumorily and scintigraphic images were taken 4 hours later. The scintigraphic image showed one sentinel node in axilla and other in supra clavicular fossa (figure 2). At surgery 4 ml of isosulfan blue was injected peritumorilly and sentinel node identification was carried out by combined method. On exploration of axilla the blue and hot sentinel node was identified and removed. However, hand held probe failed to pick a hot spot in supra clavicular fossa axillary dissection was completed."}
+{"id": "174339", "text": "This survey of Canadian thrombosis experts shows that there is an agreement in the use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis post major abdominal surgery. It also shows that majority of the experts would use thromboprophylaxis during hospitalization only. It also confirms that there is clinical equipoise and uncertainty around the use of thromboprophylaxis post discharge (up to 7 to 10 days) in high-risk adult patients post major abdominal surgery and that a clinical trial is desirable."}
+{"id": "174470", "text": "This is a retrospective study of four consecutive patients on whom resection of melanoma of the feet and reconstruction with reverse sural artery flap was performed at the General Surgery Department of Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires from 2006 to 2009. Data acquired from patients' medical charts included the primary tumor site, Breslow and Clark histopathologic stage, nodal status, clinical and radiological evidence of hematogenous metastasis, and outcome of surgical treatment ( Table 1 ). 10 11 The surgical indications included patients who had a positive incisional or punch biopsy of the lesion informed as melanoma, with no signs of hematogenous or nodal metastasis on the complete corporal computed tomography scan. These patients had also visited the department of dermatology for preoperative dermatoscopic study, to detect new suspicious nevi. Our multidisciplinary tumor board decided the oncologic management of all patients based on their preoperative oncologic staging and posterior sentinel node status."}
+{"id": "174515", "text": "The purpose of this retrospective study was to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of decompression in treatment of chronic OM in the jaw using decompression with drain. We also discussed management updates about OM pathology and present management trends."}
+{"id": "174907", "text": "There are a few authors examining the diameter of the vessels in the vascular pedicle of the fibula flap as one of the determinants of its suitability for the head and neck anastomosis. In this regard, They had only examined the diameter of skin perforators. The issue of the vessel diameter may be important as most of researchers addressed microvascular anastomosis to have been carried out on animals vessels at a diameter of 0.8-1.5 mm.28 Therefore, the presence of such thick vessels in the fibula flap provides better microvascular surgery given the possibility of convenient anastomosis."}
+{"id": "175074", "text": "Although the use of local antibiotics in the setting of infected BKA has not been published, several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of local antibiotics in other settings. For example, the addition of antibiotics to cement has been shown to decrease infection rates in joint arthroplasty. Similarly, placing antibiotic-loaded PMMA beads into an open fracture site has been shown to reduce acute infection rates in Gustilo type IIIB and type IIIC fractures and the rate of chronic osteomyelitis in type II and type IIIB fractures."}
+{"id": "175386", "text": "All the patients with evidence of deep venous thrombosis (both proximal and distal) underwent repeat Doppler study one week after the detection of thrombus to rule out proximal extension of the thrombus. Six patients with distal DVT did not show evidence of further propagation of thrombus on repeat Doppler study. In fact, there was resolution of thrombosis in all the patients. All the three patients who showed evidence of proximal DVT at the time of first Doppler examination and who were subjected to standard thrombolytic treatment did not show any propagation of thrombus. None of the patients developed clinically evident pulmonary embolism while in hospital or during the first six weeks following surgery."}
+{"id": "175426", "text": "In summary, individuals with NMSC and no prior history of non-skin cancer were more likely to develop another cancer following a NMSC diagnosis, particularly melanomas. Detailed individual risk factors other than age, sex and smoking could not explain this increase in cancer risk overall. Sun sensitive skin type and family history of NMSC explained a small fraction of the excess melanoma risk after NMSC, but adjustment for several other known and putative cancer risk factors did not remove the association between NMSC and subsequent melanoma or other cancers. Understanding the shared risk factors that contribute to multiple malignancies may lead to new etiologic insights. In particular, larger studies incorporating detailed genetic data may help to identify NMSC patients at greatest risk for subsequent cancers and who may benefit from more intensive screening."}
+{"id": "175490", "text": "In hybrid photoacoustic imaging, the high resolution ultrasound imaging can be used for orientation, as well as for diagnosis, as in conventional ultrasound. The two techniques are synergetic as they are based on different imaging contrasts; ultrasound is based on acoustic impedance which is sensitive to anatomy and photoacoustics on light absorption which is sensitive to molecular properties. The reflective mode hand-held system proved capable of 3D imaging of the entire lymph node. Further research should be directed towards the robustness of this technology for the detection of small melanoma lesions within human lymph nodes and its specificity."}
+{"id": "175802", "text": "Flap operations are among the most important reconstructive surgical procedures, especially for wounds involving exposed bone. Successful NPWT implementation after flap coverage is becoming progressively widespread for both traumatic and incisional wounds, and the technique has emerged as an efficient alternative to traditional flap salvage techniques, such as leech therapy and heparin injection. NPWT has proven its efficacy for removing excess interstitial fluid from beneath flaps and for facilitating the resolution of venous congestion to promote flap viability. The efficacy of NPWT for minimizing complication rates and improving salvage rates associated with pedicled flaps and free muscle flaps has been demonstrated, including in comparative terms relative to traditional flap management. However, no publications have reported on NPWT implementation immediately after flap reconstruction for amphibolic DFU patients."}
+{"id": "176054", "text": "Small rotational flaps, such as the ergotrid flap, may be used to correct these defects while preserving the natural structure of surrounding anatomy should linear closure be contraindicated.59"}
+{"id": "176857", "text": "All patients were followed at least 3 months after surgery to check the closure of the defect artery."}
+{"id": "176867", "text": "In this cross-sectional study of 83 patients with newly diagnosed melanoma, sentinel lymph node detection via indocyanine green and multispectral optoacoustic tomographic imaging was concordant with the detection frequency of conventional lymphoscintigraphic imaging with technetium Tc 99m."}
+{"id": "176928", "text": "The expandable SVG external support system was found to be efficacious in reducing SVG’s non-uniform dilatation and neointimal formation in an animal model early after CABG. This novel technology may have the potential to improve SVG patency rates after surgical myocardial revascularization."}
+{"id": "176956", "text": "Despite the lack of standardization in reporting symptom relief, this review has shown that cryoablation can decrease symptoms and improve quality of life. Cryoablation can be performed for iterative symptomatic palliation in a setting of symptomatic recurrence."}
+{"id": "177296", "text": "Osteomyelitis in children is a serious disease in children requiring early diagnosis and treatment to minimize the risk of sequelae. Therefore, it is of primary importance to recognize the signs and symptoms at the onset and to properly use the available diagnostic tools. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion and be aware of the evolving epidemiology and of the emergence of antibiotic resistant and aggressive strains requiring careful monitoring and targeted therapy. Hereby we present an instructive case and review the literature data on diagnosis and treatment."}
+{"id": "177358", "text": "In total, a variety of antibiotic substances and combinations were used for intravenous or oral treatment for the respective diagnosis. In patients where the causative pathogen was identified, initial treatment was effective in all but one child who presented with Kingella kingae osteomyelitis."}
+{"id": "177442", "text": "Area 5B may be managed when the aims are to improve the contour of the lower face and to address sagging neck skin without widening the jawbone. Treatment of this region is only indicated when the underlying bony structure of the mandible is defined and there are no fat deposits in the inframandibular area below the jawline. A cannula is inserted through entry point I, and filler is placed subcutaneously in the inferior-internal border of the mandible. The total volume delivered ranges from 0.2 mL to 0.5 mL per side."}
+{"id": "177576", "text": "Indication is the soft tissue coverage of large defects of the leg."}
+{"id": "177589", "text": "The adoption of the advanced virtual reality protocol made possible to perform surgeries that in the past years were not feasible, due to the complexity of anatomical relationships with the tumor. Surgeons retrospectively reviewed the same number of cases operated for malignancies in DFC before the implementation of this protocol in a time span ranging from 2015 to 2018, as virtual-reality technologies were introduced in routine practice since 2019 at our institution. Compared with the group studied by applying the advanced computerized reconstruction, patients operated in the past showed a mean surgical time increase of 85 min (SD ± 47 min), due to phases related to tumor exposure and strategy-making, whereas in the group studied and operated using the computer-guided protocol, navigation helped to target the disease from the beginning of surgery in both endoscopic and open phases; therefore, the major benefit in terms of surgical time reduction using the computerized workflow occurred in the approach phase. Additionally, in the group operated between 2015 and 2018, four patients had macroscopic disease residual, as localization of the tumor was only performed on raw imaging data and it was not possible to interactively check the intraoperative field in relation to a virtual project using navigation. Surgeons were asked to define their approach toward surgery both before and after the introduction of the advanced virtual anatomical reconstruction, and they unanimously reported a change in mindset, with an increase in their preoperative understanding of the patient’s anatomy and diminished frequency of intraoperative imaging consultation, due to deeper understanding of the case and availability of navigation."}
+{"id": "177881", "text": "Chest computed tomography showed a pleural mass adherent to the thoracotomy site. Positron emission tomography revealed mildly increased metabolism with a maximal standardized uptake value of 2.7 within the tumor, suggesting local recurrence of the previous neoplasm. Exploratory thoracotomy and en bloc resection of the tumor revealed spindle cells in a massive collagenous tissue consistent with a desmoid tumor."}
+{"id": "177997", "text": "Age was the only independent risk factor for periorbital wrinkling in the study population overall, although many previous studies have suggested that sun exposure is related to wrinkling. Cumulative lifetime sun exposure has been reported to increase periorbital wrinkling in particular,33–36 yet we did not see an association with reported exposure. None the less, reported high SPF sunscreen use was independently protective in our population, suggesting a role for sun exposure in wrinkling. Creasing of the periorbital skin also results from smiling and squinting21 and it is suggested that the repetitive contraction of underlying lateral orbicularis oculi can lead to ‘crow’s feet’ due to changes in the elastic properties of the dermis over time.37 It may be that we did not see a strong relationship between wrinkling in this site and sun exposure because there is too much variation due to patterns of facial movements to see a smaller effect of reported sun exposure."}
+{"id": "177999", "text": "Our lingual laser frenotomy protocol provided significant breastfeeding improvement in the mother-newborn dyads with low intraoperative pain and no significant complications."}
+{"id": "178291", "text": "The patient diagnosed with a sarcomatous carcinoma attended our clinic following a failed reconstructive attempt with peroneal and local flaps post resection. The defect was then reconstructed using an antebrachial flap and a new microvascularized peroneal flap. After several episodes of venous congestion and massive cervical bleeds, the cutaneous peroneal island flap suffered a partial necrosis with bone exposition. It was subsequently reconstructed utilizing a successful nasolabial flap design."}
+{"id": "178451", "text": "Skin graft is one of the most indispensable techniques in plastic surgery and is often used to treat various wounds. A split-thickness meshed skin graft is usually used for large or complicated wounds. However, dressing a large or complicated skin graft is very difficult due to the factors such as the site on the body and size and shape of the wound, such as multiple wounds or those affecting the pudendum, entire circumference of the arm or legs."}
+{"id": "178612", "text": "NPWT is traditionally utilized for wound management and soft-tissue salvage after the development of complications. The immediate postoperative application of NPWT after reconstruction using flap coverage is seldom reported. We evaluated the effectiveness of the immediate postoperative application of NPWT following muscle or fasciocutaneous flap coverage for lower leg reconstruction. All flaps survived without complications in 14 of 16 patients following the application of NPWT immediately after reconstruction."}
+{"id": "178657", "text": "This case report highlights an uncommonly reported situation of a patient who develops vertebral osteomyelitis without a definitive source of infection. When implanting a foreign body, deep infections are a possible risk that requires immediate attention from clinicians. If there is a concern for osteomyelitis radiographically, even in an uncommon situation when a medical workup returns inconclusive, explant of the SCS and administration of antibiotics is warranted. A thorough assessment of infection clearance must be carried out prior to any consideration of re-implant of the SCS."}
+{"id": "178664", "text": "We feel that our novel approach provides several advantages over other methods of treating this disease. With delayed bone resection and flap coverage, we had none of the previously decreased wound healing complications like seroma or hematoma or surgical site infections described with immediate bone resection and flap coverage. We feel that the viability of bony structures can be more easily assessed at the time of the second operation when purulent material has been adequately drained and inflammation has decreased. Also, delayed resection allows time for culture results and sensitivities from the initial debridement to return so that antibiotic therapy can be appropriately targeted in the interim if the offending microorganism is not known preoperatively. This prevents wound closure in the setting of the infected field if the patient is on inappropriate antibiotics, predisposing the patient to wound complications. Although not proven, we strongly feel that the vascularized muscle flap itself provides the additional benefit of direct antibiotic delivery to the site of infection once the flap is in place, which helps to eradicate the remaining microorganisms and obliterate dead space. Also, delaying bone resection and flap coverage allows time for pathologic confirmation that the affected bone is free from malignancy, which could alter surgical plans."}
+{"id": "179060", "text": "Healing by secondary intention and granulation may be the simplest treatment after tumor resection. The entire process can take months and requires daily wound care with wet to dry dressings. When completely healed by secondary intention, the orbital cavity is only slightly shallowed with granulation tissue but allows easy inspection for local tumor recurrence. Wound closure can be accelerated by using a meshed or unmeshed split thickness skin graft to line the orbital cavity. Similar to healing by secondary intention, the split thickness skin grafting of the orbital defect also results in excellent visualization of the orbital cavity. Due to their thinness, skin graft reconstructions usually result in a deep orbital cavity that provides an excellent fit for an orbital prosthesis if one is desired by the patient. When there is no history of prior radiation and no postoperative radiation is planned, secondary intention and skin grafting even on bare orbital bone are usually successful methods for addressing the standard orbital exenteration wound."}
+{"id": "179171", "text": "While in this study it is possible that some thrombi may have escaped both clinical and ultrasonic detection, such thrombi apparently were not enough of a danger to warrant the use of intensive prophylactic procedures that are associated with more risk. On the basis of high DVT incidence found in this retrospective case-cohort study, therefore, we think that routine screening for the detection of DVT in patients who have had a procedure on the spine is warranted."}
+{"id": "179495", "text": "Vascularized bone grafts have been shown to expedite time to bony union, especially in cases of spinal pseudarthrosis. Vascularized ICBG offer an adjunct to spinal reconstruction procedures by maximizing potential for solid bony union and providing a reasonable alternative to free bone transfer. This technique follows consistent anatomy, ease of harvest within the operative field, and minimal donor site morbidity. For patients with complex spinal pathology or previous fusion failure, the vascularized ICBG offers a rescue or salvage strategy and should be an available tool in the reconstructive surgeon’s armamentarium for spinal fusion."}
+{"id": "179529", "text": "In the present study, we separately analyzed the different efficiency and safety for rivaroxaban and enoxaparin; apixaban and enoxaparin; and enoxaparin and other new developed anticoagulants, using a larger range of clinic trials in the last decade to show their respective efficacy and safety in preventing venous thromboembolism after THA and TKA. The study covered the largest number of researches from January 2006 to June 2018 and results showed that only rivaroxaban showed significantly better efficiency than enoxaparin; however enoxaparin showed equal safety compared with other new oral anticoagulants."}
+{"id": "179598", "text": "Desmoid tumors are locally aggressive benign tumors arising from connective tissue and are classified as soft tissue sarcomas that do not metastasize. The name is derived from the Greek word desmos that means tendon-like. These tumors are also known as aggressive fibromatosis and have an unpredictable natural history that varies depending on risk factors. They are treated as sarcomas because of their locally aggressive nature and a high local recurrence rate. The causes behind desmoid tumor development are enigmatic and their clinical course is unpredictable. Disease progression also varies widely depending on multiple syndromic risk factors. At this time, there is no scientific consensus over best treatment practices for this tumor type. Treatment can potentially be a combination of observation, systemic therapy, surgery or radiation therapy. Here, we have described a case of a female patient with a sporadic desmoid tumor that successfully responded to tamoxifen and sulindac."}
+{"id": "179914", "text": "Fix and flap surgery for severe open limb fractures is already a standard treatment. In cases where the fracture is complicated or accompanied by bone defects, secondary surgery is required for fracture sites covered with a myocutaneous flap after the soft tissue condition has stabilized. We applied the delayed procedure concept used for distant flaps and attempted to prevent postoperative myocutaneous flap necrosis by performing a provisional incision prior to the longitudinal incision of the flap. We report the course of five cases of the longitudinal division of the myocutaneous flap using “provisional incision” after free-flap surgery for severe open fracture and verify its usefulness. In this case series, five patients with severe open limb fractures treated from 2020 to 2021 who underwent longitudinal incision of the myocutaneous flap using provisional incision after free-flap surgery were included. The types of flaps used for soft tissue reconstruction in the acute phase, the reasons for the need for secondary surgery, the period from soft tissue reconstruction to additional surgery, and the healing status of soft tissue after secondary surgery were all investigated retrospectively. The types of flaps used for soft tissue reconstruction were latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in four cases and anterolateral thigh flap in one case. The breakdown of secondary surgery was osteosynthesis in one case, plate removal in one case, and bone cement removal and autologous bone grafting in three cases. The period from soft tissue reconstruction to secondary surgery ranged from 6 weeks to 4 months. In all cases, the wound healed without necrosis of the myocutaneous flap. For the treatment of severe open limb fractures, longitudinal division of the myocutaneous flap using “provisional incision” is a safer approach to the necessary secondary surgery and reduces the possibility of necrosis of the flap."}
+{"id": "180407", "text": "Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was initially excised without margins; however, following histopathological reporting, revision surgery was done and margins were revised to 4 cm in all directions including the deep fascia. Plexiform neurofibroma was excised with a margin of 1 cm sparing the deep fascia. Skin flaps on either side were mobilized to facilitate primary closure. Chondroid syringoma of the scalp was excised preserving as much normal tissue as possible. The defect was closed using a transposition flap from the adjacent scalp, and the resultant defect was covered with a split skin graft. Trichilemmal cysts were excised completely with their wall without any rupture and primary closure was done. Mycetoma of the foot was debrided radically sparing the tendons and bones, and the wound was allowed to heal by secondary intention. Button osteoma was excised using a chisel and mallet, and the wound closed primarily."}
+{"id": "180543", "text": "In this study, pharmacological thrombolysis with urokinase was considered in the case of venous thrombus or venous insufficiency even if it was not thrombosis, regardless of the presence or absence of arterial thrombus in the revision performed 24 hours after flap surgery when venous congestion signs had occurred such as purplish flap, shortened blood refill time less than three seconds, venous bleeding at pin prick or the edge of flap, or edematous flap. At that time, both arterial reliance and the congestive flap was confirmed in re-exploration more than 24 hours postoperatively. Because the decreased venous drainage and congestive clinical signs may suggest intra-flap thrombosis, it was required to aggressively initiate thrombolysis with less systemic complications through external drainage while using thrombolytic agents at high dose."}
+{"id": "180546", "text": "Dermatoscopy was used to delimit the lesions and mark the margins: whenever possible minimum width of 5mm and 6mm to BCC sclerodermiform. All patients had previously undergone a biopsy and received a diagnosis of NMSC."}
+{"id": "180567", "text": "Surgical removal of tumor tissue is still the most relevant step for the prognosis in treatment of patients with malignant melanomas. In advanced stages of the disease, systemic therapies like chemotherapy are the only relevant treatment options, whereas in the adjuvant situation therapies with interferon alpha are commonly used. Chemotherapy regimens lead to small percentages of objective responses while often causing considerable side effects. Adjuvant treatment with the immunomodulating drug interferon has also significant side effects which are especially burdensome to the patient on long-term treatment regimens. Side effects ranging from myalgias and fever to depression are observed and often cause treatment interruption. Additionally, the improvement of outcome due to interferon therapy is small. In summary, these treatment regimens require the development of novel treatment strategies, especially for the treatment of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Are we at a standstill or is treatment moving on to new possibilities?"}
+{"id": "180702", "text": "There is high incidence of venous thromboembolism, comprising of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, in hospitalized patients. The need for systemic thromboprophylaxis is essential, especially in patients with inherited or acquired patient-specific risk factors or in patients undergoing surgeries associated with high incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. These patients, on prophylactic or therapeutic doses of anticoagulants, may present for surgery. General or regional anaesthesia may be considered depending on the type and urgency of surgery and degree of anticoagulation as judged by investigations. The dilemma regarding the type of anaesthesia can be solved if the anaesthesiologist is aware of the pharmacokinetics of drugs affecting haemostasis. The anaesthesiologist must keep abreast with the latest developments of methods and drugs used in the prevention and management of venous thromboembolism and their implications in the conduct of anaesthesia."}
+{"id": "180703", "text": "This study evaluated for the first time postoperative flap perfusion monitoring with attached surface probes for the O2C analysis system in terms of detecting vascular compromise in microvascular head and neck reconstruction. The study demonstrated that attached surface probes are technically feasible and represent a safe option for patients to be used with the O2C analysis system for postoperative flap perfusion monitoring. Based on distinctive cut-off values, flap perfusion monitoring with attached surface probes showed high accuracy and, more importantly, a substantial concordance with flap perfusion monitoring with unattached surface probes, supporting interchangeability between the two surface probes. Further studies are needed to confirm the cut-off values indicative of vascular compromise for attached surface probes and to validate their accuracy to maintain the clinical utility of the O2C analysis system for flap perfusion monitoring."}
+{"id": "180724", "text": "Our results suggest no oncological unsafety in breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy alone and IBR after mastectomy. We further performed the comparison analysis on LRR and DMs between two groups stratified by breast cancer molecular subtypes. We did not identify molecular subtypes as a risk factor of LRR and DMs, which further confirmed the oncological safety of IBR. During the limitation of this study, additional studies will be required to further confirm the oncological safety of IBR in each subtype. Further investigations into breast cancer relapse (local recurrence and DM) biomarkers may profoundly affect the indications and the timing for performing breast reconstruction."}
+{"id": "180912", "text": "The principal strategy for the treatment for primary melanoma is surgical, specifically wide local excision to remove skin and subcutaneous tissue surrounding the biopsy site of the lesion. More specifically, radial margins are planned surrounding the biopsy scar. Typically, there is no visible pigmentation or mass at the time of the primary surgical treatment, but if there is, the surgeon should use the residual pigment or mass to determine the extent of resection. The depth of resection should extend to remove all subcutaneous down to the level of the fascia, but resection of the fascia itself is not necessary [5]. With proper surgical treatment, the vast majority of patients with melanoma need no additional therapy [6]."}
+{"id": "181165", "text": "Six patients had an infection of the midfoot with ulceration. Four of these patients had a metatarsal osteomyelitis. Charcot neuroarthropathy was not present in these six patients. All six patients were treated by sequestrectomy and ulcerectomy. One patient was treated with Hyalomatrix. After one year all six skin and soft tissue ulcers were healed. Two healed between one and two months after surgery and three between three and six months after surgery. In one case wound healing occurred at about 10 months. Microbiology of intraoperative samples confirmed bacterial infection in all cases. External or internal stabilization was not necessary in this patient subgroup."}
+{"id": "181201", "text": "Clinically, patients with unexplained fever should be carefully examined and closely monitored regarding any change with lymph nodes. If no improvement is observed in a week or so after the treatment with antibiotics, medical professionals should consider the possibility of KFD by conducting a lymph node biopsy to determine pathological features. Once KFD is confirmed and malignant lymphoma or other lymphatic diseases (such as TbL or CSD) are ruled out, appropriate steps are taken to facilitate the relief of the symptoms."}
+{"id": "181335", "text": "Treatment of breast cutaneous melanoma is the same as that for any skin parts. Surgery remains the most important therapeutic modality particularly in preventing local recurrence. Mastectomy does not improve the results obtained by wide excision of the primary melanoma. SLNB, with tremendous benefits and minimal risk, is becoming widely adopted as most surgeons who treat breast cancer and melanoma incorporate this technique into their practice."}
+{"id": "181366", "text": "Our study has shown that despite the low incidence of DVT in Asian patients undergoing TKA, short-duration chemoprophylaxis might be effective in reducing the incidence of DVT. However, most DVTs observed in our study were distal and may be of limited clinical significance. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of chemoprophylaxis use on the incidence of PE and overall mortality rates among Asian patients."}
+{"id": "181465", "text": "The limitations of this study include the fact that the sample size was relatively small compared to previous mutation studies with larger numbers of cases. However, the cohort of this study is composed of prospectively treated patients with meloxicam, while no previous studies have reported the significance of CTNNB1 mutation type in conservative treatment. The results derived from this study provide meaningful information. Second, CTNNB1 mutation was analyzed only in exon 3. Other significant mutations may exist in different areas of CTNNB1. Third, due to the small number of cases, we could not analyze the relationship between mutation status and period up to onset of efficacy for meloxicam treatment. Future studies with more accumulated cases with molecular analysis will be needed to clarify the further correlation between the prognosis and mutation status."}
+{"id": "181737", "text": "Desmoid tumors are a rare group of locally aggressive, non malignant tumors of fibroblastic origin that can lead to significant morbidity due to local invasion and may even result in a fatal outcome when located around vital organs. Their clinical presentation, biological behavior and natural history can be quite varied and is incompletely understood at the present time. The optimal therapeutic approach depends on various factors, and a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to achieve local control with acceptable morbidity. Despite progress in the understanding of these tumors and the treatment options, local recurrence remains a major problem."}
+{"id": "182325", "text": "Studies have suggested that AA could be used as a treatment for BCC and SCC of the skin. The use of a topical formulation of AA, in a context of increasing incidence of these diseases, could be part of current therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, further studies are needed to understand the potential role of this treatment. Although the cases discussed here are preliminary clinical studies, it is important to consider them as a first step in the development of new topical therapies for skin cancers diseases."}
+{"id": "182371", "text": "The great saphenous vein is widely used as a graft in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Complications due to saphenous vein harvesting can be minimized when using ultrasonography mapping and marking."}
+{"id": "182483", "text": "Background: The trajectory of lung function in infancy prior to development of asthma is controversial. Methodologies applicable to any age are helpful in tracking early life lung function changes associated with wheezing disorders. This study aims to determine trajectories of lung function associated with early life wheezing phenotypes."}
+{"id": "182751", "text": "Our results add to growing evidence that NPWT is a useful adjunctive treatment for open wounds around the foot and ankle. In the present study, it was found to facilitate the rapid formation of granulation tissue, to shorten healing time, and to reduce remarkably the need for additional soft tissue reconstructive surgery."}
+{"id": "182974", "text": "While complete surgical excision with extirpation of the nidus is considered as the gold standard treatment, aesthetic hair bearing scalp restoration is also of paramount importance for the patient. This is done by using scalp tissue expansion after proper selection of the expander."}
+{"id": "183144", "text": "SLN biopsy is the most accurate and the only reliable method for nodal staging which can diagnose microscopic tumour spread to the regional lymph nodes. Minimal invasive SLN biopsy can replace lymphadenectomy for staging. Planar lymphoscintigraphic imaging is an important element in lymphatic mapping but interpretation of planar lymphoscintigrams is hindered by the absence of anatomical landmarks in the scintigraphy image (10)."}
+{"id": "183172", "text": "A preliminary study showed that in the mice showing uncomplete eradication of tumors even after mPDT for 8 h/day over a period of 5 days, residual tumors in the surrounding margin away from the position of LED began to regrow. This finding suggested that the light emitted from the LED no longer reached the limbic regrowing tumor, and we therefore decided on a protocol of 8 h/day for 5 days."}
+{"id": "183413", "text": "Anticoagulant prophylaxis did not reduce the incidence of VTE and the incidence of major bleeding was comparable between the two groups. Usefulness of perioperative anticoagulation was not demonstrated in this study. Pharmacological prophylaxis must be restricted in Japanese patients with higher risk of VTE."}
+{"id": "183644", "text": "The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of local recurrence of extra-abdominal desmoid tumor and compare the outcomes of surgical treatment with those of conservative treatment."}
+{"id": "183664", "text": "Composite tissue defects with deep infection continue to be one of the most intractable challenges for orthopedic and plastic surgeons. The reconstruction procedures should not only provide reliable soft tissue coverage and bone length maintenance but should also potentially prevent recurrent infections."}
+{"id": "183714", "text": "In conclusion, transconjunctival injection of BTA in the lacrimal gland showed favourable outcomes for epiphora without permanent complications. It is a simple and minimally invasive technique performed in the office. Repeated injections had consistent efficacy and duration of effect. BTA injections can be repeated for symptomatic epiphora as an alternative to complex surgery such as CDCR, especially in older patients whose lacrimal gland can be easily exposed."}
+{"id": "184007", "text": "The findings relating to repeat US scanning are subject to even greater limitations. Only a relatively small number of studies were identified and none compared repeat US to a venography in all cases. The potential benefit of repeat US is therefore very uncertain."}
+{"id": "184476", "text": "Since the introduction of a microsurgical free flap for the reconstruction of a head and neck defect in 1976 a wide variety of free flaps have been described for the reconstruction of the head and neck region [8]. As since then many different free flaps have been shown to provide excellent reconstructive results free microvascular tissue transfer has become a popular method for repair of large head and neck defects [4,9]. Due to the robust blood supply free flaps improve outcomes of healing even under impaired soft and hard tissue conditions although free flap survival rate in secondary reconstruction is significantly lower than that in immediate reconstruction because of the limitation of available recipient vessels, significant scar formation and delayed wound healing due to irradiation [10]."}
+{"id": "184583", "text": "Furthermore, the injection into any muscle that contracts involuntarily in a part of the tremor syndrome is impossible due to the required total BoNT dosage and the undesirable weakness. The fact that even limited injection into only two forearm flexor muscles (FCU and FCR) has had favorable results in improving the tremor indicates that the mechanism of action of the toxin is probably more than that of local muscle weakness solely and the central effects may be involved in this process through the modulation of intracortical excitability and widespread inhibition of shivering muscle activity."}
+{"id": "184659", "text": "The scoping review we conducted contributes to the existing research on mental wellbeing of American and Canadian physicians by summarizing key knowledge areas and identifying key gaps and directions for future research. While the papers reviewed in our analysis focused on North America, we believe that they might be applicable to the global medical workforce. Identifying key gaps in our knowledge, we are calling for further research on these topics, including examination of medical training curricula and its impact on mental wellbeing of medical students and residents, research on common mental health concerns such as depression or anxiety, studies utilizing intersectional and longitudinal approaches, and program evaluations assessing the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve mental wellbeing of physicians. Focus on the effect physicians’ mental health may have on the quality of care provided to patients might facilitate support from government and policy makers. We believe that large-scale interventions that are proven to work effectively can utilize an upstream approach for improving the mental health of physicians and physicians-in-training."}
+{"id": "184674", "text": "Social networks were identified in this study as playing an important buffering role against stress and depression. Questions arose in the study regarding the role of bridging, bonding and linking networks particularly among migrant mothers. Social network analysis is one research method that can assist with understanding these networks. Typically, social network analysis relies on questionnaires and interviews to gather information about the relationships within a defined group. The purpose of a social network analysis would be to explore in an intensive manner the nature of the social ties among depressed mothers with a focus on differences across ethnic and migrant groups."}
+{"id": "184797", "text": "Given the high prevalence and the increase in morbidity of depression in Brazil, as well as the difficulties in treating it, it is essential to know which factors interfere with the poor access to health care services for depression treatment in the country. Knowing the factors associated with the difficulty in accessing health services will allow a better planning of public mental health policies, as well as a better systematization of the care provided by health services to individuals with depression. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the factors associated with poor access to health services for depression treatment in Brazil."}
+{"id": "184834", "text": "Doctors viewed that poor economic conditions and lack of financial stability were major reasons preventing greater benefits from the intervention. Village leaders expressed that people did not go to PHCs due to financial reasons and lack of transport. They elaborated that most of the community members are daily wage earners and hence are unable to go to the PHC without financial loss."}
+{"id": "184977", "text": "Repellence in relation to depression is conceived as being an intricate concept that extends beyond features of a visually aesthetic type. Many participants reported that others do not want to be around depressed people because of the inherent negativity of the depressive condition:"}
+{"id": "185059", "text": "In the intervening 15 years, several campaigns by mental health charities both in the UK and abroad have sought to lessen the stigma attached to mental illness and encourage open dialogue about mental health. Media coverage is important to the success of such campaigns in influencing public opinion and increasing exposure. In light of this, we asked whether there is any evidence that media reporting on mental illness is improving (see below). Although previous studies have commented on the lack of voice for people with mental illness, we have found this not to be the case with a higher proportion of quotes from patients with mental illnesses compared with physical health. Although there are fewer representations of healthcare professionals in psychiatry, this may reflect reluctance among the profession as a whole to engage with the media, as psychiatrists too are affected by stigma."}
+{"id": "185346", "text": "The current study findings illustrated significant links between mental health problems and psychological burnout in MHPs. These findings are justified as that being a part of stressful field of medicine, MHPs are overburdened especially in the developing countries such as Pakistan where job demands are not sufficiently met due to a huge discrepancy between workload and work force. Consequently, they experience acute and chronic work pressure, emotional exhaustion and loss of energy initially and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in the long term.16 In addition to that, as psychological burnout in MHPs plays a significant role in inducing poor mental health symptoms in them, therefore its essential to conduct effective counseling/ therapeutic sessions for MHPs in order to minimize psychological burnout."}
+{"id": "185435", "text": "Despite not detecting significant differences between antipsychotic R groups, it is worth mentioning the importance of conducting research using clinically transferable measures of cognitive impairment. It may be possible for future researchers to use machines learning algorithms to identify subgroups of schizophrenia from cognitive outcomes. Bak et al76 used Gaussian mixture modelling to identify two distinct subgroups in antipsychotic-naive first episode schizophrenia samples. In this study, cognitive and electrophysiological data were used to identify the two groups. When predicting treatment response, assessed by the PANSS, there was a significant predictive relationship between group and antipsychotic response. Therefore, future research should aim to use more machine learning techniques to identify patterns of cognitive performance within schizophrenia subsamples and investigate antipsychotic response between these groups."}
+{"id": "185524", "text": "Participants communicated that their life experiences should position them at the center of the Horyzons platform. They identified that their mental health journey can help to guide current day problem solving for themselves and others:"}
+{"id": "185549", "text": "Missing data: In cases where data on vital signs were not entered in the study data collection forms, these data were extracted from the ED patient charts or anaesthesia charts. To analyze potential bias between patients with missing data and the rest of the cohort, age, hospital mortality and VSS scores of these patients were compared with patients whose complete data were collected on the study forms."}
+{"id": "185591", "text": "This study is part of a larger research project that explores the concept of mental illness stigma among different stakeholders in Singapore. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 42 PMI to collect qualitative data on their experience with mental illness stigma, including encounters of stigma and individual strategies to reduce stigma. The inductive thematic analysis method was employed to analyze the data."}
+{"id": "185642", "text": "The essential element of collaborative care is a multidisciplinary team approach that seeks to integrate primary care professionals and specialists. Collaborative care rests primarily on the presence of a case manager with enhanced responsibilities for integration of care across comorbid conditions. It starts with systematic identification of those in need, followed by close involvement of patients in joint decision-making regarding their care. It continues with the design of a holistic care plan that includes medication management and psychological interventions, and where appropriate, social care, with a streamlined referral pathway that allows patients to move easily from one service to another. There is provision for regular and planned monitoring of patients and systematic caseload reviews and consultation with mental health specialists regarding patients who do not show clinical improvement [24]."}
+{"id": "185739", "text": "Genomic and environmental relationship components are fitted in a LMM implemented in GCTA:"}
+{"id": "185764", "text": "This is the first large population-based study in the United States examining the mental health treatment gap for people with active epilepsy. Large numbers of adults with epilepsy perceive a need for mental health treatment, but fewer receive treatment from a mental health provider. This research supports the conclusion that quality epilepsy care must include the assessment for and treatment of mental health disorders. Additional population-based studies can be supported in other states and nationally to examine how patterns in access to mental health care for people with epilepsy may differ from those seen in California."}
+{"id": "185798", "text": "Mortality from avoidable causes of death is higher in deprived neighbourhoods and mortality rate ratios between areas with different levels of deprivation differ between gender and cities. In most cases rate ratios are lower among women. While Eastern and Southern European cities show higher levels of avoidable mortality, the association of mortality with social deprivation tends to be higher in Northern and lower in Southern Europe."}
+{"id": "185917", "text": "Beliefs and emotional responses towards motherhood and illness seem to have significant implications on maternal health outcomes. One study identified that participants strived to be good mothers but having maternal depression was associated with the belief that they were not good mothers. Even though the participants were not sure of the causes and duration of their illness, still, they engaged in coping mechanisms, such as taking psychotropic medication, which indicate positive health-seeking behaviour despite their negative beliefs. Understanding the thoughts and feelings of those with lived experience provides a valuable insight into personal beliefs about the self as a mother, MMH problems and treatments."}
+{"id": "186012", "text": "The diagnosis of OCD can be challenging given the heterogeneity of the illness but may include the presence of obsessions that are inaccurately perceived as symptoms associated with a primary psychotic disorder. Clozapine should be avoided in patients with OCD to specifically target OCS as there are limited data to support its use in this setting. Further research is needed to better understand the link between antiserotonergic antipsychotics and OCS."}
+{"id": "186052", "text": "The aim of the present study was to develop a hierarchy of mental health stigma and test what attributions predict diagnosis-specific stigma. We conducted an online survey in which participants rated their stigma and attributions toward case vignettes describing nine persons, each with a different psychiatric diagnosis. We found that the diagnoses attracting the most stigma were schizophrenia and ASPD, whereas depression, GAD and OCD were the least stigmatised. There was significant variation in the extent to which attributions predicted mental health stigma across diagnoses. Believing that the person with mental health problems was personally responsible for their symptoms only predicted stigma for a minority of diagnoses, whereas being fearful of the diagnosis predicted stigma for most diagnoses."}
+{"id": "186108", "text": "Two reviewers will independently extract these data. The data extraction tables will be piloted on four studies before its application to the remainder of the studies. In addition, every effort to retain the original content and context of the selected studies will be made. Any disagreements or discrepancies with extracted data will be discussed and resolved. If consensus is not reached, a third reviewer will be asked to independently check these data for accuracy and resolution of any disagreements."}
+{"id": "186164", "text": "The majority of Australian mental health research does not adequately include immigrant and refugee samples. The number of studies that have specifically included adequate representative samples of immigrant and refugee populations or that have explicitly investigated multicultural mental health issues is very small. What we increasingly know about the mental health of the Australian-born population we do not know about immigrant and refugee communities."}
+{"id": "186171", "text": "Participants endorsed use of EHR information to assess risk of undiagnosed dementia and mentioned the benefits of this approach. Many people cited advantages including that it could lead to earlier knowledge of one’s disease status, allowing for engagement of family members and planning. They expressed a belief that early diagnosis would also support their receiving treatments that might improve prognosis."}
+{"id": "186452", "text": "The neuropeptide oxytocin has a key role in the regulation of complex social cognition and behaviors, including mammalian pair bonding, maternal behavior, recognition of conspecifics and responses to social stress. Human studies have documented a number of effects of intranasally administered oxytocin on social behavior and social cognition. For instance, a single dose of intranasal oxytocin increases trusting behavior, attention to the eye region of faces and the accuracy with which individuals interpret emotional information from eyes. Oxytocin also reduces subjective and physiological responses to social stress and enhances the stress-buffering effect of social support. Neuroimaging studies have shown that one of the mechanisms through which oxytocin influences social cognition is by attenuating amygdala responses to social stimuli such as emotional faces."}
+{"id": "186490", "text": "In studies on group interventions, studies found that it was important to be able to trust other group members. Groups could also be useful through members learning how others apply certain techniques."}
+{"id": "186657", "text": "Social support was expressed both in relation to meeting other participants struggling with similar problems and in the contact with healthcare providers. Several of the participants had benefited greatly from the group settings because they met like-minded people who openly shared their experiences and saw that they were not alone in having problems. They appreciated how the individual and group approaches complemented each other, each providing benefits the other would not. The healthcare providers were perceived as inclusive and person-centered, treating them as equal partners in the recovery process, but still providing adequate support and expertise knowledge. They described this balance as an empowerment and coping facilitator, giving them the realization that they themselves had the answers to many of their problems and actually had done most of the work themselves."}
+{"id": "187220", "text": "We discussed the various contributions of environmental risk factors to the development of ASD. Prenatal exposure to VPA and MIA have been extensively investigated in epidemiological and biological studies. The findings indicate the critical role of these risk factors in producing ASD. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and advanced maternal age elevate the risk of ASD, but remaining unclear is how these risk factors give rise to ASD-like cognitive dysfunction. The association between maternal SSRI use and ASD in offspring is inconclusive, but rodent models that show alterations of 5-HT metabolism provide a plausible rationale for this association. Future research is expected to develop therapeutic interventions for ASD that target environmental risk factors."}
+{"id": "187274", "text": "Participants reported sets of interwoven potential barriers to access to mental healthcare in a primary care context. Among these were challenges with leveraging social support, the severity and persistence of illness and difficulty conveying a person with severe mental disorder. Reachability of the service in terms of geographic proximity to one’s area of residence was one of the key recurring themes across the interviews. Increased accessibility and better affordability of mental health services were said to result in better help-seeking behaviour. Shorter distance travelled was also said to increase affordability due to the decline in the indirect costs of treatment."}
+{"id": "187332", "text": "A challenge of conducting studies in treatment resistant schizophrenia patients is the potential for confounding of results through medication exposure over the disease course. This is an important consideration in neuroimaging of treatment resistant patients who conceivably have had extensive medication exposure and this has not always accounted for in neuroimaging studies to date. An alternative approach to this problem is to examine medication effects directly on white matter in preclinical models. It is worth noting that no animal model fully recapitulates all the symptom domains of schizophrenia but these models allow examination of particular mechanisms of the disease process and potential treatments under controlled conditions."}
+{"id": "187347", "text": "The public discourse about mental health and mental illness seems to have become more open over the last decade, giving rise to the hope that symptoms of mental illness have become more relatable. We examine whether continuum beliefs regarding schizophrenia and depression have increased on a population level over a period of 9 years, and whether notions of unfamiliarity and incomprehensibility have decreased."}
+{"id": "187431", "text": "Patient B said she would never recover from her mental disease and wished to die. One of the nurses promised to see how she was doing every half hour and offered to sit down and do some hobby activities together with her. After a while, Patient B started to draw a picture and explained that she had a mixture of feelings difficult to classify and describe. One part of her wanted to live, but the other part wanted to die. The nurse asked whether drawing and other activities helped her to get a distance from her thoughts. She confirmed that it was good for her to do some activities and that she felt more comfortable when she knew the nurse would come to see her and cared about how she was doing."}
+{"id": "187609", "text": "The costs of mental health conditions to the individuals and the state are considerable. While individuals has to bear the economic costs of lost income in addition to the burden of the conditions itself, the impact on the state is loss of productivity from reduced workforce participation, lost income taxation revenue, and increased government support payments - in addition to direct health care costs."}
+{"id": "187888", "text": "We also acknowledge we did not include non-scientists people with PCOS as part of our research teams. We felt this may introduce subjectivity and measurement bias if those people with PCOS introduce their personal views while coding the published literature. Instead, we included undergraduate students with none to minimal research background in the screening and coding of the systematic review. The students were also blinded to the objective of the study at the coding stage and thus established neutrality at the time of data collection and analysis."}
+{"id": "188025", "text": "Prevention and management of aggression/agitation in patients with dementia is crucial in acute care settings. They not only ensure the quality and safety of care for an already vulnerable population but also reduce the iatrogenic risks inherent to their hospitalization. The purpose of this project was to increase nursing team compliance with best practice recommendations related to prevention and management of aggression/agitation in patients with dementia in an acute geriatric care unit. The project showed relative improvements in nursing team compliance with best practice recommendations, requiring the implementation of a new action plan. The project faced many challenges, such as quick access and adequate format for the documentation of the BPSD screening tool and nonpharmacological interventions in the EHR. However, improvements to the documentation were not possible during the project. The perceived mental workload and the lack of nursing collaboration limited development of individualized care plans for patients with dementia common to all nurses. The project also faced a common challenge in care, that is conducting several projects at the same time, which possibly generated some fatigue within the nursing team. Nevertheless, practice performance should still be re-audited. The project has shown benefits in strengthening interprofessional collaboration and the support given to nursing staff members around the management of aggression/agitation, contributing to improved processes of care."}
+{"id": "188027", "text": "The results of this study should indicate whether lithium treatment is associated with lower risk of completed suicide and DSH in adult patients with treatment resistant unipolar depression, who recently attempted suicide."}
+{"id": "188124", "text": "The research indicates that the technology can be used for intervention with people who have decided not to opt in for interventional services. Indeed, technology allows scalable screening for suicide risk, with the possibility to identify many people who are at risk prior to their engagement with a health care system. However, although the development of the intervention system based on algorithmic screening is technologically possible, the cultural ramifications of its implementation are not yet decided."}
+{"id": "188457", "text": "In this work, we have described the performance of multiple approaches to analyse longitudinally collected family data in estimating the effect of a common genetic variant. Although methods have been developed to handle the correlation due to repeated measurements over time of longitudinal designs and other methods have been developed that model the correlation due to kinship in family designs, the methods proposed for studies that involve both types of correlation have required a simplification of either the time or the family structure that a priori is known to not be realistic. Nevertheless, if interest is focused on the estimation of the main or interaction fixed effects and the power to detect a genetic effect, we found that all methods performed quite well even with an incorrectly modeled correlation structure. Interestingly, power remained high for all approaches even when the linear model used in the analysis was different from the true underlying model (Model 4, segmented time effect). As it is challenging to implement methods with more complicated correlation structures, such as the approach of Burton et al. (26), our work shows that the estimation methods offered by standard software like R or SAS are likely to be adequate for most models of association between genetic factor and phenotype."}
+{"id": "188522", "text": "The majority of mental healthcare workers indicated that medication administration is one of the most critical management strategies in providing care to aggressive and violent patients. Furthermore, they viewed medication administration as the process that includes preparing, checking, monitoring the effects of medications and teaching patients about medications so that their psychiatric disorders cannot trigger aggressive violence:"}
+{"id": "188539", "text": "Therefore, poor knowledge of mental illnesses may contribute to not only poorer treatment but also perpetuation of stigma and hence reduced access to care, creating a vicious cycle of despair for the mental illness sufferer."}
+{"id": "188643", "text": "The claims that non-state actors have such duties to protect and fulfil the right to health however are less clear and may be less direct. The duty to protect is, in the first instance, a duty to create effective institutions to provide a reasonable guarantee of health. The duty to protect, generally, in the first instance is a call to put effective institutions in place. This would be expected this to fall on the government, although as a stop-gap international organisations such as the United Nations or the WHO can be required to step in. Organisations act through individuals who are officials within those organisations, and there are corporations and individuals who are influential within their community who can input into this right. Individuals can therefore protect the right to health bypromoting access to health care and health related services provided by third parties, refusing harmful social or traditional practices such as female genital mutilation, and enhancing information on health. This may also include the role of individuals and corporations to challenge legislation that does not promote the human right to health, including discriminatory legislation."}
+{"id": "188787", "text": "More research is needed on strategies for the QI, implementation, and dissemination of EBPs relating to both psychological and behavioral treatments and medication interventions for treating youth suffering from mental illness. Other important research targets include developing and testing dissemination strategies for introducing mental health care into geographic areas lacking in mental health care, such as very rural areas with fewer mental health providers than more urban locations have. In these areas especially, focusing more attention on primary care providers may be essential."}
+{"id": "189122", "text": "Those in mental health-related consumer movements have made many of their demands clear, including the demand for humane treatment and basic civil rights, an end to stigma and discrimination, and a chance to participate in their own recovery. But theorizing about identity politics and the politics of recognition suggests that they also have a stake in something else: the way they and their conditions are to be depicted in the broadest terms. In the following, I want to sketch some of the real world imperatives that are implied in this suggestion, employing the work of political philosopher Nancy Fraser and appealing to first person narratives about the experience of mental disorder as source material. This is not primarily a theoretical discussion, but rather one that attempts to apply theory to a pressing social and political phenomenon. The first part of this discussion explains why some demands of those who receive, or have received, mental health care can be seen as demands for recognition rights, and describes the task of reconstructive cultural semantics apparently called if we honor the recognition rights of mental health care consumers. Some challenges implicit in that task are introduced (see Results). First person accounts of mental disorder expose conceptions of insight and meaning at odds with the precepts and assumptions to be found in the 'master narrative' of medical psychiatry. In light of these contested realities, it is argued that the reconstructive task will involve negotiation over the contested meanings involved."}
+{"id": "189137", "text": "Emphasis on education and changing attitudes is a crucial strategy to reduce stigma and has priority over budget allocation."}
+{"id": "189185", "text": "In addition to the text inputs from the users with suicide ideation and mental disorders, the EMPATH categories extracted from the content posted by users with suicide ideation and mental disorders are used to identify the impact of such auxiliary inputs on prediction outcomes. After scaling the extracted EMPATH features, we transformed the given auxiliary input by sending it through a densely connected layer. The number of hidden units used with the dense layer differed based on the task. When predicting users with and without suicide ideation and mental disorder, we used eight hidden units, and the model performances decreased with additional units. To detect users with suicide ideation who require urgent attention, we identified 16 units as the optimal number of hidden units. However, when conducting the experiments to prove the domain adaptation capabilities of the proposed model where Reddit posts were used to detect suicide ideation and tweets to detect users with mental disorders, we used a dense layer with 32 hidden units to transform the auxiliary inputs. The transformed data is merged with the multi-channel CNN outputs generated using suicide ideation and mental disorder data. Similar to the proposed architecture, the soft parameter sharing will be based on the vectors created using the previously merged outputs. Given the tasks of detecting users with suicide ideation or mental disorders, the vectors to be regularized will have 1,032 parameters. Finally, the merged vectors will be concatenated to form the hard parameter sharing layer."}
+{"id": "189230", "text": "This pilot study aimed to explore the benefits of filmmaking therapy for individuals diagnosed with psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders in a consecutive sample of children and adolescents. This research is motivated by finding alternative and innovative ways to help children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders in managing life challenges."}
+{"id": "189336", "text": "Although patients with mental disorders have access to different health care services for their recovery, the link between the causes of the mental disorders and the current treatment pathways changes along the treatment continuum, and such a change in the treatment patterns was associated with the satisfaction level in the aspect of seeking health therapies from traditional healers and faith healers. These services hamper the accessibility to suitable mental health services provided at the health institutions and health facilities. Decisions to receive treatment from faith and traditional healers are made because the patients consider medications from the hospital as futile with respect to their sufferings in behavior, thinking, and emotions."}
+{"id": "189380", "text": "One of the critical limitations in our research is the lack of data when training the model. The need for more data is identified throughout training, where the trained models for mental illness and suicide ideation detection tend to overfit the training data. Having more data to train the suicide ideation detection task could have also improved the overall predictions during inference. However, we obtained a well-generalized model using limited instances and different strategies to overcome model overfitting."}
+{"id": "189381", "text": "Resilience and good social support had a positive influence on anxiety and depressive symptoms amongst college adolescents during the lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic despite their high prevalence rates."}
+{"id": "189404", "text": "To systematically review the existing trials on optimal serum levels for lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder and to develop clinical recommendations."}
+{"id": "189513", "text": "The participants expressed difficulty shifting to a preventative care mindset as the traditional care approach and associated payment methods are best established for individuals with an injury or event that precipitates the need for care requiring multiple visits per week. A preventive approach may require less frequent visits or more time between visits, but does not negate the need for a skilled approach to dosing and/or modifying care. One participant reported their struggle as follows:"}
+{"id": "189558", "text": "This process will be independently assessed by the two reviewers to eliminate subjective bias and to ensure equity across quality assessment scores [56]. Depending on the outcomes of the quality assessment of the studies and the number of studies initially selected for the review, studies may be excluded if they are deemed poor quality based on the results. If studies are excluded based on poor credibility, it will strengthen the findings of the review. However, this will not be decided until the final number of studies is compiled. If studies with low credibility scores are to be included due to a limited number of studies in the review, this will be highlighted as a limitation by the reviewer."}
+{"id": "189621", "text": "Previous research by Boysen and Logan [41] explores the relationship between masculinity and mental illness stigma. The study contends that there are widely held stereotypes that men are aggressive and unemotional thereby they may perceive mental illness as a weakness or a personal failure and have more stigma toward MHPs and be less open to help-seeking. In contrast women are stereotyped as sensitive and emotionally expressive which may result in more positive perceptions of MHPs. In our data these stereotypes existed regardless of country of birth. It is possible that males may experience more pressure to adhere to their cultural values but also to conform to Australian stereotypes of masculinity [42] and this double pressure of their Sri Lankan heritage and the Anglo-Australian societal norms may affect how they perceive mental illness and help-seeking."}
+{"id": "189754", "text": "However, the significant impairment in clinical outcomes may be mostly associated with being non‐responder to antipsychotic agents rather than with the earlier onset of psychotic symptoms. To verify this hypothesis, we carried out a series of two‐way ANOVA with age at onset and TRS status as the independent variables. These analyses showed that a significant independent effect of age at onset might be found only for a small number of variables."}
+{"id": "189772", "text": "Our study also investigated the differences between individuals with multiple expressions of SI relative to those cases where only a single SI event was present in the data. As long periods of time, sometimes longer than a year, are available in the accessible data per individual, it is assumed that these single SI events have the potential to be the first expression of SI. The strength of the model to identify individuals with multiple SI events was higher than those with a single event. While we excluded data from 7 days after any previous SI event in multiple ideators to attempt to control for the influence of previous mentions of SI on subsequent predictions, it remains possible that residual signal from previous SI events was reflected in the text content after the excluded week and could account for the increase."}
+{"id": "189826", "text": "People experiencing homelessness face many challenges when applying to SSA for disability benefits (10). These challenges generally fall into two types: those related to physical and mental health problems and the nature of homelessness and those related to more systemic issues. People who are homeless are more likely than those who have never been homeless to have serious mental illnesses alone or in combination with other disabilities, such as cognitive disorders, chronic physical health conditions, and substance use disorders (11). Disability based on a mental illness or cognitive disorder is often more difficult to document than other disabilities due to inconsistent treatment histories and difficulty in finding medical records for people who may have been treated in many places over a long time. Beyond these individual-level challenges, barriers inherent in the system of care also exacerbate a person’s difficulty in applying for benefits. Chief among these is that most case managers are unable to assist people who are homeless with SSI/SSDI because they have neither the time nor the expertise. Case managers who try to help applicants are frustrated by a lack of understanding about how to make the process work more effectively."}
+{"id": "189851", "text": "In order to support appropriate interpretation and limit the risk of misleading findings, analysis of shared clinical trial data should have a pre-specified analysis plan. However, it is not generally possible to limit bias and control multiplicity to the extent that is possible in the original trial design, conduct and analysis, and this should be acknowledged and taken into account when interpreting results. Following the best practices highlighted in this paper can increase the validity of these analyses; ensuring there are appropriate planned statistical analyses, that the existing data can support these, that results are appropriately presented and interpreted, and appropriately disseminated to the research community. A key issue is that all analyses of shared clinical trial data essentially share many of the limitations of any post hoc analyses beyond the original specified analyses. The use of individual patient data in meta-analysis can provide increased precision and reduce bias. Supplemental analyses are subject to many of the same issues that arise in broader epidemiological analyses."}
+{"id": "189996", "text": "What are the barriers to seeking and providing care to physicians suffering from mental health problems?"}
+{"id": "190080", "text": "Future work should take note of the apparent differences in depressive symptoms and clinical MD and seek to refine association studies by limiting phenotypic heterogeneity. For MDP, that means not only accounting for whether the depressive symptoms or episodes onset prenatally versus postnatally, but also disentangling which DNAm patterns are associated with perinatal depressive phenotypes and which reflect pre-pregnancy events of depressive psychopathology. It is possible that women who experience their first instance of MD in the peripartum have a unique DNAm profile compared to those who have recurrent MD and happen to onset during the peripartum. Furthermore, it is unknown whether an episode of MD relatively early in life evokes a persistent perturbation in DNAm patterning that then goes on to affect the risk for additional depressive symptoms and episodes as well as other adverse health outcomes frequently comorbid with depression (e.g., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus). Clarifying the phenotypes associated with DNAm patterns will enable wet lab researchers to characterize the functional and biological relevance of implicated genomic sites and regions, which is an essential step not only for understanding the biological mechanisms associated with risk and resilience to depressive psychopathology but also for developing screening tests and identifying novel pharmacotherapeutic targets."}
+{"id": "190081", "text": "Main findings of our review show that among patient-related predictors of resistance to treatment lower premorbid functioning is an important factor in distinguishing antipsychotic non-responders from responders. Lower educational level can be also considered as a robust predictor of resistance, while the role of age and marital status is still controversial. Several studies suggest the male gender as a potential risk factor for treatment non-response, but we have to consider that many other studies have not confirmed the effect of gender."}
+{"id": "190163", "text": "Mental health awareness community events led by the local National Health Service (NHS) Mental Health Trust (service provider organisation) were used to promote the study and invite people to take part. Study flyers were distributed to local Black majority and Black-led churches in South London in person and via email. The study was advertised by sending email flyers through networks within the local NHS Trust and local communities. Individuals who expressed an interest in taking part in the study were screened for eligibility by the research team. Potential participants were encouraged to register for the pilot study two months before the intervention start date. People who met the inclusion criteria were provided with a Study Information Sheet and given the opportunity to ask questions about the project, before written informed consent was invited."}
+{"id": "190179", "text": "The Committee for Medical Ethics of Health Region East of Norway approved this study. The participants delivered written informed consent after getting written information about the study. In addition to their ordinary salary, the GPs got a fee of EUR 15 per patient paid by Wyeth Norway Ltd. The company put the Norwegian dataset to our disposal without any restrictions or demands, and they did not review any drafts or manuscripts."}
+{"id": "190229", "text": "It is likely that patients with PSCI might be already identified soon after stroke by a neuropsychological evaluation, thus outlining a factor possibly relevant in prognostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation terms. However, several conditions may influence the applicability and reliability of a cognitive evaluation early after stroke, when extensive testing does not seem routinely feasible on a large scale. A brief, easy-to-use, test such as MoCA could be useful in this context.\r\n\r\nConsidering the MoCA applicability in the acute stroke setting, we showed that the test administration was feasible in patients with mild-to-moderate stroke, and that MoCA was fully applicable in 73% of all patients admitted to our stroke unit with either ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes.9 The independent determinants of its applicability were left-side lesion location, stroke severity, and premorbid functional status.9 The independent determinants of its applicability were left-side lesion location, stroke severity, and premorbid functional status.9 Other studies using MoCA in the acute/subacute phase had various exclusion criteria: previous stroke/transient ischemic attack,8,10–13 hemorrhages,10,14 severe stroke,15 major physical disability,14,16–18 significant aphasia,8,10,11,13,16–18 inability to participate in rehabilitation activities,8 prestroke cognitive impairment,15–17 acute delirium,17 and major psychiatric disorder.10,11,14,16–19 These exclusion criteria led to apply MoCA mostly in mild-to-moderate patients with stroke, usually with first-ever ischemic stroke, without other major disorders or severe aphasia. The fact that patients with severe neurological status or aphasia cannot be tested with MoCA is not necessarily a major limitation of this tool because these patients are already candidates for specific rehabilitation programs or long-term care strategies.9"}
+{"id": "190269", "text": "In conclusion, social deprivation appears to be an important risk factor for dementia, even after control for other known risk factors and mortality. Depressive symptoms are a particular concern in those who are experiencing moderate or high levels of social deprivation. Thus, physicians should offer help to any patients that present with depressive symptomatology and experience some degree of socioeconomic strain. Greater equity in society is ultimately the only way to address these dementia risk factors on the population level."}
+{"id": "190480", "text": "Apart from the model of funding, PRIME benefited from how DFID managed their role as a funder. DFID allowed for flexibility within programme as long as we met the main aims and objectives of the research programme. DFID measured progress by the extent to which we fulfilled our logframe targets in relation to management, research and research uptake. Their particular focus was on the impact of the research and to what extent our research was taken up in policy and practice in study countries and internationally. DFID did not get involved in the details of the research project, for example the decisions about the research design of the project, ethical or regulatory approvals of the programme, the development of the mental healthcare plans or the evaluation of the data apart from their role in the Consortium Advisory Group. This flexibility from DFID allowed us to broaden the scope of work to ensure that the research could be contextually relevant. The relative autonomy we were given ensured a high level of motivation and group coherence amongst PRIME partners and allowed us to be more productive than we initially expected. For example, our logframe target for the end of the six years was initially 20 papers in peer-reviewed journals. This was increased to 40 and eventually 65 papers in peer-reviewed journals. By the end of year 6 we had published 67 papers in peer-reviewed journals. This is in contrast to other funding mechanisms where the research processes and content of the programmes are highly regulated and may not allow adaptation across contexts."}
+{"id": "190491", "text": "In line with the principle of justice, the benefits and burdens of antibiotic use should be fairly distributed among individuals and communities. This principle involves addressing access and affordability concerns, such as implementing policies to provide essential antibiotics at low or no cost to those in need and allocating resources for the research and development of new antibiotics [7]. Additionally, it necessitates tackling issues of equity and social determinants of health that may impact access to these medications, such as investing in healthcare infrastructure in underserved areas and reducing disparities in healthcare access and quality. Working to address these concerns is essential in creating a healthcare landscape that promotes justice and equity, ensuring that antibiotics are accessible to those who need them while also being used responsibly."}
+{"id": "190601", "text": "Epidemiological and economic estimates suggest that the global burden of mental disorders is considerable, both in its impacts on human health and losses to societal welfare. The availability of additional data and the emergence of new approaches present an opportunity to examine these estimates, which form a critical part in making the investment case for global mental health."}
+{"id": "190627", "text": "The large change in both constructs of stigma across all groups was an interesting result which may be understood in terms of reactivity to measurement or social desirability effects. It was very encouraging to see improvement in self-reported confidence in both recognizing mental health concerns and knowing what to do when these concerns are recognized in both training groups. This is especially noteworthy given the brief duration of the training and that only one other published RCT has assessed and shown improvement in confidence following a two-day (14 h) training (20). The sustained effects along with the improvement in the proportion of participants who reported concerns to relevant professionals, such as escalating it to a line manager or speaking to a mental health care professional in the hospital, is particularly welcome. Participants who did not act on concerns highlighted that there may need to be a strong emphasis on reassuring staff that they do not need to be in a healthcare role to be able to notice and report concerns, not to assume that someone else will have picked it up, and that it is not their role to determine if mental health is of a certain threshold of severity before raising a concern. On the whole, participants were satisfied with the training across delivery methods but there was higher satisfaction and a significantly stronger preference to receive the training face-to-face."}
+{"id": "190745", "text": "In considering whether prospective subjects are at risk for exploitation, the IRB should ask how the power differential between the subject and the investigator is being addressed, if economic issues might place subjects at risk for undue inducement, and if the recruitment process and payment arrangements are acceptable."}
+{"id": "190752", "text": "The study concluded that this public and stakeholder involvement benefited the interpretation of the research findings and conceptualisation of future research in a number of ways. Participants sensed more drastic and nuanced change in the Swedish welfare system over recent decades than was evident from our literature reviews and policy analysis. They also elaborated hidden developments in the Swedish labour market that were increasingly leading to ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’, with differing experiences and consequences for financial and job security. The explanation by the trade unionists and employers of the differential effects of the various collective agreements for different occupational groups was new and had not been a focus in the studies performed by the researchers. The first-hand experience of the employment agency provided new insights into how changes to the social protection system were contributing to the increasing trends in poverty among unemployed people with LLI. The politicians provided further reasoning behind some of the policy changes and their intended and unintended consequences. These insights fed into our subsequent reporting of the results of the flexicurity evaluation,15 27 28 as well as the conceptualisation of new research that could be pursued in a future programme (see below)."}
+{"id": "190753", "text": "Continuation of mental health service contact for those with a FDP following release from prison or discharge from hospital is likely to contribute to better reintegration into the community and improved health and justice outcomes. Community support and social acceptance through financial, social, and mental stability is the key to keeping these individuals away from revolving around the criminal justice and hospital system and improving the quality of life for ex-prisoners."}
+{"id": "190764", "text": "For the MDGs in the risk model, we further studied the effect of their individual gene methylation levels on the prognosis of EAC patients. The results showed that only OLFM4 had an effect on the prognosis of EAC survival, because DNA methylation mainly occurs on CpG islands of genomic DNA. Therefore, we also did a survival analysis on the relevant sites of each methylation driver gene. We found that only two related sites of OLFM4 in these genes, cg24932628 and cg12582008, have an impact on the prognosis. This result also confirmed that OLFM4 may affect the occurrence, development and patient prognosis of cancer through the abnormal methylation of these two sites."}
+{"id": "190967", "text": "Separating older and newer studies did appear to have an effect upon the effect sizes for depression outcomes in intervention vs inactive control comparisons, with a larger effect size found for more recent publications. Within the same comparison, there was little difference in effect sizes for anxiety, and separating the studies did not appear to add any additional insight into intervention vs comparison intervention analyses. These contrasting findings may suggest research into Internet interventions has somewhat strengthened over the years and become more methodologically sound. However, these links are tenuous given the small numbers of included trials within the separate analyses."}
+{"id": "191120", "text": "Involvement within the PPP created further opportunities for public advisors as they were able to get involved in other CLAHRC NWC projects and in subsequent PPP cohorts. Many project leads and facilitators recognised that some public advisors could build their capacity to be involved or lead future research projects and aided the process through encouraging and facilitating them to continue their development. Their involvement was not limited to being a public advisor as two progressed to becoming interns, leading a project in the following round of the PPP and all took up different roles across the CLAHRC NWC such as being part of the wider public advisory forum:"}
+{"id": "191184", "text": "Equitable recruitment in research with hard to reach populations requires creative strategies to ensure that all possible members of a population who would benefit from the proposed research have the chance to participate. SCCY are a diverse population with varying levels of street-involvement and visibility. Children who spend only a portion of their time on the streets and street-involved girls may be especially difficult to identify and recruit due to their diminished visibility and extreme marginalization. They however represent important sub-populations that stand to benefit from targeted interventions."}
+{"id": "191270", "text": "All participants said that they had received several diagnoses; most were first diagnosed with various anxieties and depression, and subsequently with AVPD. The experience of being diagnosed was, for most, described as one of finally being understood, and as giving hope in that their challenges were recognized as something that could be explained and treated. Although the diagnosis of AVPD brought relief, most participants expressed concerns about how to make sense of this diagnosis, in terms of what to do or how to be. Unresolved issues of how to deal with a diagnosis of one’s personality seemed to span from not wanting to be the kind of person that the diagnosis described and fears of having to conform to all characteristics of the diagnosis, to bewilderment over what they should do when diagnosed."}
+{"id": "191361", "text": "People who attend day centres may be at increased risk of experiencing mental illness-related stigma. Their attendance at the centre makes it more difficult to conceal their diagnosis and may be itself associated with stigma independent of a diagnosis of mental illness. This population have been traditionally neglected in stigma research and little is known about the factors that may exacerbate or protect them against the negative effects of the stigma that surrounds their diagnosis of mental illness."}
+{"id": "191389", "text": "It is important to know how the family struggles to cope with the stressful situation so as to be able to help the family with mental illness. This study examined the psychosocial problems and coping strategies of families living with a person with mental illness within Temeke Municipality, Dar es Salaam."}
+{"id": "191398", "text": "Analytical maps were used to set out multi factorial relationships identified between open and axial codes, around which analytical memos were developed to form categories of the typology. These were based around components of their stories they shared and withheld, their constructions and experiences of depression, their narrative agendas and perceived indications of change in ways they talked about depression."}
+{"id": "191437", "text": "Poor premorbid social functioning – defined as a difficulty entering or maintaining social relationships, isolation or social withdrawal before the onset of psychotic symptoms – was significantly associated with TRP in univariate and multiple regression analyses (odds ratio 1.88, 95% CI = 1.27–2.78) and was rated as important in the conditional inference forest model."}
+{"id": "191461", "text": "The interviews were analyzed separately by the two researchers who were blinded to each other. Consultation between these two researchers and a psychiatrist took place following the coding of the interviews to compare the themes identified by each researcher and to establish links among the main themes. All the themes were identified by the two researchers, and consensus among the members of the research team concerning the organization of the main themes was reached. Data saturation, which can be defined as a situation in which no new themes are identified in the analysis of the final interviews [24], was reached. No new themes related to the research question appeared in the coding of the final three interviews."}
+{"id": "191475", "text": "The BSSI consists of 19 items to identify the presence of suicide ideation and if identified its severity in the respondents. The items can be used to assess any suicidal plans, deterrents to suicide and the extent of the respondents’ willingness to disclose his/her suicidal thoughts. This scale was modeled based on the interviewer rated version of the questionnaire by Beck et al. In some studies it was recommended to use the first five items as the screener and if a respondent score was 0 on items 4 and 5, the patient should be directed to item 20. The score range could be from 0-38 and a higher score indicates higher level of suicidal ideation."}
+{"id": "191497", "text": "This article seeks to identify the barriers perceived by a group of women in relation to mental health care at primary health care in Mexico City. It is important because it provides updated information on barriers to mental health care in light of the changes brought about by the recent policy of incorporating these services into PH. Besides, it reveals the opinions of a group of women vulnerable to emotional and mental suffering as a result of their precarious conditions, whose care needs are not usually taken into account by the health sector when strategies for improving the health system are designed."}
+{"id": "191501", "text": "This paper aims to explore the notion of stigma in an Indian context by considering the lived experience of patients, carers and community members."}
+{"id": "191519", "text": "All papers were screened by title and abstract to determine their eligibility for inclusion in the review. The full-texts of all remaining papers were screened to determine their inclusion/exclusion from the review. Ten percent of papers were independently double checked by a second reviewer and discrepancies in judgement regarding eligibility discussed and resolved within the research team. Reference lists of included papers were checked for further relevant papers."}
+{"id": "191655", "text": "Although this study provides a baseline understanding of the ways in which the simulation may affect changes in preparedness and confidence around initiating conversations about substance use, the results are also limited by the fact that many participants were not presented with opportunities to practice their newly learned skills within the 6-week study timeframe. A similar study with a more targeted audience may have provided better insights in to different aspects of behavior change as a result of the simulation. Future studies should use alternative methods of recruitment targeted at individuals who are more likely to have conversations about substance use arise in their daily life. For example, targeted outreach to support groups for friends and family of individuals who use substances may result in a sample that is more likely to initiate conversations within a 6-week period. In addition, since this study was carried out, Peer Assistance Services, Inc and Kognito Solutions, LLC have developed a third simulation that centers around discussions between adults and adolescents. This simulation could be piloted with parents, coaches, teachers, or other trusted adults who may be in a position to initiate conversations about substance use with young people before it even begins."}
+{"id": "191816", "text": "Only six items were used to construct the impulsivity scale and the inter-item reliability was quite low. The association with ISA victimization would most probably have been stronger if the internal consistency of this measure was higher. Thus, future research on potential risk factors for sexual assault victimization should include more comprehensive measures on impulsivity or related individual attributes."}
+{"id": "191880", "text": "Trained reviewers abstracted important information from included studies into evidence tables, which were uploaded to AHRQ’s Systematic Review Data Repository. A second senior member of the team reviewed all data abstractions for completeness and accuracy. Reviewers resolved conflicts by discussion and consensus or by consulting a third member of the review team."}
+{"id": "191888", "text": "Signs of encephalitis are erratic but must be considered as having a poor clinical outcome; they include change in mental status that ranges from mental confusion to coma. They may also include local or generalized convulsions. The factors that should raise suspicion of certain aetiologic diagnoses are listed Table 1."}
+{"id": "192227", "text": "Depression is a top mental health concern among college students, yet there is a lack of research exploring how online college science courses can exacerbate or alleviate their depression. We surveyed 2,175 undergraduates at a large research-intensive institution about the severity of their depression in large-enrollment online science courses. The survey also explored aspects of online science courses that exacerbate or alleviate depression and we used regression analyses to assess whether demographics predicted responses. Over 50% of undergraduates reported experiencing depression and LGBTQ+ students, financially unstable students, and lower division students were more likely to experience severe rather than mild depression compared to their counterparts. Students reported difficulty building relationships and struggling to perform well online as aspects of online science courses that exacerbated their depression and the flexible nature of online courses and caring instructors as aspects of online courses that alleviated their depression. This study provides insight into how instructors can create more inclusive online learning environments for students with depression."}
+{"id": "192332", "text": "In the future, personalized medicine for schizophrenia could involve the use of biomarkers to identify specific subtypes of the disorder and to guide treatment decisions. For example, researchers are investigating the use of genetic testing to identify individuals who are more likely to respond to certain medications. Additionally, brain imaging techniques may be used to identify specific neural circuits that are disrupted in individual patients, allowing for targeted interventions such as neuromodulation."}
+{"id": "192417", "text": "There was strong interest among participants in having a way to judge one’s own state of mental health, with some participants highlighting the difficulty some people have in realizing they need help:"}
+{"id": "192462", "text": "Chinese medical staff had a high level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mediation analysis found that coping styles affected on the association between social support and anxiety. Sufficient social support and training on positive coping skills may reduce anxiety in medical staff."}
+{"id": "192524", "text": "Understanding how possessing a concealable stigmatized identity impacts psychological distress is crucially important to the development of methods to alleviate distress and increase resilience. The current work highlights how identity beliefs and experiences at the individual level relate to distress. The individual level, however, must be combined with research examining ways to reduce discrimination at the institutional and interpersonal levels. Only then will the burden of stigma be lightened."}
+{"id": "192703", "text": "The current study examined the role of frailty dimensions and social support in the presence of meaning of older adults – residents of senior apartments. The results showed that experiencing less problems in health and psychosocial functioning dimensions of frailty significantly and independently contributed to the presence of meaning in late life. Thus, the findings contributed to the body of previous research which established associations between subjective health and meaning in late life. Moreover, the study showed that social support is an important resource for experiencing the presence of meaning in late life, thus endorsing the theoretical propositions of the importance of emotionally close relations for maintaining eudemonic wellbeing in late life. We observed no gender differences in the associations between daily activities and psychosocial functioning, as well as social support with the presence of meaning. However, the gender differences in the association between health problems and presence of meaning deserve further research attention as declining health might be more detrimental for loss of meaning for men compared to women. This is important to consider in the future research on meaning in life as well as for psychological interventions aimed at enhancing meaningfulness in older adults."}
+{"id": "192734", "text": "Latent variable classification modeling provides another option to identify MCI in older adults. Some categorically different cases of MCI cannot be captured with any single MoCA sum score. A range of 18–24 MoCA scores might serve as a better screening criterion of MCI. Older adults who scored within this gray zone should be monitored for potential interventions."}
+{"id": "192853", "text": "All the 13 participants shared both positive and negative experiences about their psychological reactions. Some of the participants had already dealt with the psychological burden of breastfeeding with HIV and were leading normal lives that had a more positive outlook which made them cope better than the others who had not overcome their feelings of fear, blame and anxiety."}
+{"id": "192880", "text": "In a final stage, we defined a strategy to detect behavioral changes based on the cumulative probability that a change occurred over the previous days. Specifically, we consider that a behavioral change has been detected at day “d” if the cumulative probability that a change occurred over the previous 7 days exceeds a probability threshold that needs to be chosen a priori and we refer to as stability threshold. This point is in fact one of the model’s advantages because its choice provides flexibility to the detection mechanism, allowing the detection sensitivity to be adapted to the context of caregivers and patients. The lower the probability threshold, the greater the sensitivity for detection."}
+{"id": "192914", "text": "Overall, results add to a small but growing body of neuroimaging studies examining symptom clusters of depression by providing evidence that there may be unique relationships between specific symptom dimensions of depression and volumes in subregions of the cingulate. Given the low level of depressive symptoms in this nonclinical sample, further work is needed to clarify whether or not these findings generalize to individuals with clinical depression. Nonetheless, findings related to subthreshold depressive symptoms are important in their own right given evidence that low levels of depressive symptoms are associated with negative sequelae in older adults. Results should also be considered within the context of the fairly small sample size and lack of information regarding demographic and clinical variables that could impact results, including gender, possibly comorbid anxiety symptoms, antidepressant use, number of previous depressive episodes and age of onset of depressive symptoms. In addition, it should be noted that this is a cross-sectional design, limiting our ability to determine the direction of the relationship between depressive symptoms and brain volumes. Nonetheless, our preliminary findings contribute to the small body of literature related to symptom dimensions of depression. Future studies will incorporate larger samples and use multimodal imaging to elucidate the neural underpinnings of the heterogeneous symptoms of depression. Continued work in this area will increase our understanding of the neurobiology of depression and contribute to the ultimate goal of creating more effective and personalized treatments for those who suffer from the disorder."}
+{"id": "192917", "text": "One of the main factors contributing to our success has been maintaining close communication between the satellite sites and the central team. With a relatively small number of participants, we were able to directly correspond with research staff at each centre to resolve many data quality issues and improve the quality of our data virtually in real-time, as the data were entered. Comparable rare disease initiatives have reported using similar strategies, such as having a central coordinating office monitoring data collection and regularly querying participating satellite sites when data entry errors are suspected [26, 27]. In addition, engaging with clinician investigators when reporting preliminary findings helped to distinguish potential data quality issues from areas where there is true practice variation. The research staff who abstracted data from patient charts at most centres had expertise or familiarity with IMD patient care, which further helped by minimizing the potential for misinterpretation of information."}
+{"id": "193047", "text": "Overall, the high suicidality classification accuracy obtained from the impulsivity markers in our study indicates that impulsivity could be a crucial factor in suicidality. In the high suicidality group, higher impulsivity might be a factor in a higher probability of suicidal thoughts and intents translating into action. Studies should be designed in the future to better understand this aspect."}
+{"id": "193083", "text": "Following informed consent, a questionnaire covering perceptions regarding various aspects of child mental illness was used for data collection from mothers. They were asked to identify the symptoms and behaviours they considered psychopathological in children, which treatments they would prefer, where they would turn for help with a mentally ill child, and their understanding of the causes of child psychiatric disorders in addition to ways to increase awareness of child psychiatric issues in the society."}
+{"id": "193221", "text": "Whilst preliminary evidence suggests that mental disorders are linked to a range of poor health outcomes, further research is needed to confirm the strength of these relationships. The criteria discussed in this paper may be useful in the design of future studies. CVD, diabetes and accidental injury are major areas of concern for public health policy. If mental disorders are indeed shown to be independent risk factors for these outcomes, accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders may lead to a reduction in the global burden of important health outcomes. As more consistent and compelling evidence becomes available, it is anticipated that these health outcomes will be considered for inclusion in future burden-of-disease studies."}
+{"id": "193248", "text": "While stigmatizing beliefs were evident, there was also a juxtaposition of beliefs in the spiritual causation of mental illness along with the biopsychosocial causation (hormonal changes in pregnancy) of mental illness. There is an opportunity here to improve engagement in mental health services by increasing cultural sensitivity training among health care professionals, and future studies with a larger sample size are needed to explore the specific and unique needs of pregnant and postpartum African immigrant women."}
+{"id": "193327", "text": "The results show that there is a high prevalence of depression in pregnant women, and a previous miscarriage is an independent predictor of depression among pregnant women. Thus, there is a need to pay attention to the psychological well-being of pregnant women by routinely screening for depression among them and those identified should be referred to receive appropriate intervention. Also, depression in pregnancy is related to the poor quality of life especially in the social relationship and psychological domains. A conscious effort must therefore be taken to better prepare women generally for pregnancy. Our study also highlights the need to pay closer attention to the psychological well-being and quality of life of all pregnant women and not just on their physical health and the baby’s well-being. Using the background knowledge of possible predictors of depression and poor quality of life such as those highlighted in our study, clinicians should ensure routine screening of the caregivers for depression and institute appropriate intervention. This will help alleviate the severity of depression and improve their quality of life especially in pregnancy that is already a stressful period. Our study emphasises the need for guidelines that will enhance this. The government has a major role to play in improving the quality of life of pregnant women by ensuring a sustainable national economy, promoting education and subsidising antenatal care. Mental health awareness and education are also recommended for the physicians attending to these pregnant women in the clinics, so they are better able to pick up on symptoms of mental and psychological illness. Moreover, the public should also be educated on mental disorders by encouraging culturally acceptable mental health promotion interventions, and this will facilitate a strong social support system for people with mental illness and their family members."}
+{"id": "193444", "text": "Having conversations about a personal conflict provides streamers and viewers with the opportunity to discuss difficult issues in their community, strengthening the bond between them. This allows for viewers to feel more connected with the streamer and their community by focusing on the positive aspects of sharing personal experiences rather than the negative."}
+{"id": "193459", "text": "The current study was set up to examine the correlation between a direct measure of genetic risk of schizophrenia, using the polygenic risk score, and quantitative measures of schizophrenia symptoms, using the five continuous symptom dimensions of schizophrenia derived from our previous study. We hypothesize a positive correlation between the polygenic risk score and one or more of the symptom dimension scales in individuals with and without a diagnosis of schizophrenia."}
+{"id": "193613", "text": "This study is the first to show that individuals scoring high in RS seek less physical contact with strangers than those low in RS. The current results support the notion by Bernstein and Claypool [28] that medium intensity social stress leads to social (re-) affiliation. While there was neither evidence for emotional withdrawal nor for changes in performance in the severely rejected group, medium intense rejection resulted in the expected behaviors. Although participants in the medium intense rejection group had more opportunity to identify the letters as they touched the hand of their partner for longer, they performed worse in identifying the letters compared to included or severely rejected participants. This result has important implications for occupational psychologists by offering a framework to better understand performance attrition in the context of bullying and harassment."}
+{"id": "193857", "text": "The present study evaluated a cognitive-behavioral program based on enhancing empathy to alleviate the symptoms of cyberbullying among adolescents and proposed the following research hypotheses:"}
+{"id": "193869", "text": "Participants highlighted that different patients may have unique perspectives and experience to contribute:"}
+{"id": "193932", "text": "Finally, geographic accessibility was perceived as a barrier to NBIs. Many mental health consumers do not drive and/or do not have access to a car. Some clinicians believed that consumers would find accessing NBIs via public transport inconvenient further decreasing their motivation to participate. A few clinicians also mentioned that accessing NBIs may be especially difficult for consumers with limited financial resources and thus providing transport would be essential."}
+{"id": "193973", "text": "There is first evidence on the associations between personality traits and mental health outcomes during the first year of the pandemic (10). Our study extends earlier research by testing to which extent health and social behaviors during the pandemic control measures were able to explain the personality-mental health relationship and explores the role of resilience as potential moderator in this relationship."}
+{"id": "193980", "text": "For example, a small number of very severe OCD cases may also develop suicidal ideations or behaviors, as the patient could be perceive suicide as the only possibility of escape from their tremendous pain. In such patients, a common neurobiological and genetic basis has been hypothesized to be responsible for depressive suicidal behaviors and for severe ego-dystonic obsessive manifestations. Such a hypothesis has also been supported by the ex adiuvantibus findings of similar pharmacotherapeutic strategies being effective in both pathological dimensions."}
+{"id": "194085", "text": "A Lived Experience Advisory Panel advised on the content and conduct of the interviews."}
+{"id": "194114", "text": "Our final aim is to form our own standard so as to break away from dependency on the C-SSRS, as we look to go beyond information gathered in a formal survey that depends solely on human judgment. Further research will enable us to test the viability of automation and machine learning to identify suicide risk by comparing predictions of risk with eventual outcomes as well as testing out the model in different settings and populations (eg, community)."}
+{"id": "194158", "text": "LGI1-Ab-E is a treatable and potentially reversible cause of cognitive and psychiatric presentations that is immediately relevant to older adult psychiatric practice. A unifying feature of our cases is of a prominent neurobehavioural syndrome, with disinhibition and apathy of various forms, alongside global neurocognitive deficits. The tempo of LGI1-Ab-E means that it is an important differential diagnosis of RPDs such as CJD that are unmodifiable. Failure to consider it in a timely fashion could therefore have a significant impact on prognosis."}
+{"id": "194177", "text": "Table 3 shows the prevalence of clinical cases of depression and anxiety as well as the relative risk of anxiety and depression across the different subgroups and across the total sample. There was a suggestion that therapy was effective across all subgroups in reducing the number of veterans that had depression or anxiety. Although the proportion of veterans within each subgroup displaying symptoms of depression or anxiety is similar at between 85 and 94%, the highest levels of caseness post-treatment were found for those with a physical disability and those misusing alcohol or substances compared with other groups. Veterans not belonging to any subgroup had the lowest proportion of probable cases of depression or anxiety post-treatment, whereby fewer ESL reported symptoms of anxiety or depression above the respective cut-offs, with ESL having remitted to the greatest extent."}
+{"id": "194212", "text": "Following ECT structural changes were observed in hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei that are specifically implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and stress-related disorders and retain a high potential for neuroplasticity in adulthood."}
+{"id": "194229", "text": "Prisoners who had committed sex crime against children reported higher Restricted Affectivity traits than those who had committed property crime and crime against the person and higher Irresponsibility traits than those who had committed property crime. The results of a multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that on the one hand being a man, having a higher age, and the presence of a psychiatric comorbidity were more likely to be related to sex crime than property crime, on the other hand higher Irresponsibility personality traits, being a man, and the presence of a psychiatric comorbidity were more likely to be related to sex crime against children than crime against the person."}
+{"id": "194233", "text": "This pilot study demonstrates the efficacy of a brief mindfulness intervention for underserved individuals in tandem with MAT in an inpatient setting. We found results consistent with our hypothesis; participants had a decrease in perceived stress and drug craving with simultaneous improvement in their ability to regulate their emotions. In future studies, we would like to further examine the efficacy of this brief intervention by performing a large, randomized control trial that would include a control group. In addition, since clinicians at the study site have now been trained to facilitate the MBSR program, we hope that they continue providing this helpful intervention to more underserved clients in New Jersey."}
+{"id": "194331", "text": "Whilst the doctors who participated in this study appear to have a good knowledge of mental illness, improving on all aspects of psychiatric knowledge in non-specialist doctors has the potential to improve care at a primary healthcare and generalist level. Several educational programmes and teaching interventions to improve mental illness outcomes at the primary healthcare level have been developed and may be of benefit. These include the WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme, individualised training, e-learning approaches, workshops and continuous professional development and mentoring programmes coordinated by specialists. Other interventions include increasing the length of time that medical students spend in psychiatric rotations, increasing exposure to stable patients and rehabilitative services for the mentally ill and introducing specialised and specific anti-stigma teaching into psychiatric rotations. Reducing mental illness stigma and improving mental health knowledge can be achieved simultaneously through improved and consistent education and training at an undergraduate level, as well as upskilling and continuous professional development for qualified healthcare professionals."}
+{"id": "194430", "text": "Violence and threatening behaviour displayed by patients in this study would seem to be the result of insufficient symptom management. Proper management is of importance not only to the family caregiver but to all people who come into contact with the patient. This research has found that families are perplexed by violent patients. This is because many violent patients fail to see their behaviour as threatening and may actually perceive the family to be threatening. This threatening behaviour of patients comes at the cost of family caregivers who are often required to pay fines for destroyed property or pay compensation for injury caused by the patient. This phenomenon demoralizes the caregivers and further increases the stigma of mental illness. Information in regards to approach and management of violence are required when interacting with the mentally ill person."}
+{"id": "194724", "text": "At a minimum, protections should include assurance of compensation proration and avoidance of payment schemes such as lotteries that encourage overestimation of benefit."}
+{"id": "194749", "text": "We also did not have information on participants’ socioeconomic status, cognitive ability, or additional psychological characteristics such as social motivation or attitudes to camouflaging. These variables are all likely to influence mental health and may mediate or moderate the association between camouflaging and mental health. They should therefore be included in future research to better understand the unique contribution of camouflaging."}
+{"id": "194872", "text": "When I started my role on the VCT, I was nervous and afraid that my voice would not hold as much weight as the others on the VCT given the power dynamic that often happens in research and healthcare teams, however that was never the case. Throughout the project, I was always encouraged and constantly provided my feedback and advice on client cases in weekly VCT meetings. I suggested different ways the participants could engage in self-reflection such as journaling or meditation. This really helped me feel like an equal partner on the team. I not only felt as though I was a valuable team member, but that I was contributing to the mental health community. For PWLE working on care teams, I think it is important for them to be heard and for clinicians to work with them. This will help prevent challenges in collaborating together. In my research role as a PWLE, I provided suggestions on the research protocol, tested the e-platform, moderated a discussion forum for participants, and provided participant webinars. Conducting the webinars was a great experience because I felt that I could connect with the participants and share my story. It was amazing hearing their journeys with psychosis and the questions they had for me. I also attended a research conference to talk about the study. It is important for researchers who want to include PWLE on their research team to engage them early in the development of the project. By having me on the team as a PWLE, I believe I was able to provide unique perspectives and recommendations based on experience. Overall, I believe the collaborative care model is very important because it brings a variety of different perspectives to the table, which allows for innovative ideas for care which can help with better patient outcomes. I think this is something that is currently missing in the healthcare system today for youth with early psychosis, a collaborative approach to recovery."}
+{"id": "194965", "text": "Taken together, the finding of low levels of DAT in subcortical areas in subjects with severe hopelessness and high suicidality suggests the possible use of dopaminergic system modulators as strategies to contain suicidal risk in these patients. Analyzing patient responses to pharmacological agents modulating the dopaminergic system could improve the clinical outcomes and deserve to be specifically tested. These treatments are potentially effective in the context of integrated clinical approaches that include adequate psychotherapeutic management. Furthermore, considering our preliminary results, we can speculate that the treatment of high hopelessness of MDD patients through dopaminergic modulators could help physicians to contain dissociative symptoms, considering the frequent cooccurrence of hopelessness and dissociation in these patients."}
+{"id": "195024", "text": "Women from ethnic minority groups are at greater risk of developing mental health problems. Poor perinatal mental health impacts on maternal morbidity and mortality and can have a devastating impact on child and family wellbeing. It is important to ensure that services are designed to meet the unique needs of women from diverse backgrounds."}
+{"id": "195026", "text": "Women along with retired and unemployed men had more types of psychiatric disorders, mandating a necessity to plan programs in prevention and treatment of these disorders."}
+{"id": "195224", "text": "First, the results could be due to a greater prevalence or progression of disease with impact on mortality. This scenario could be the case if socially disconnected men with mental disorders are especially likely to take up a range of health behaviours that increase the risk or progression of disease. A second explanation would be a greater case fatality rate as a result of suboptimal treatment outcomes. This explanation could apply if socially disconnected men with mental disorders are less likely to recognise symptoms, adhere to treatment or have difficulties navigating the healthcare system to achieve optimal treatment. A third explanation could be a greater number of deaths because of external causes of death (e.g. suicides and accidents), given that social connections affect men's ability to cope with mental disorders"}
+{"id": "195330", "text": "Participants at this workstation generated a great deal of discussion around the issue of access to education and how education might improve mental health recovery. A number of issues came from this, including how might such issues be addressed to improve access? Participants at this workstation spent a great deal of time discussing the importance of education for mental health recovery, and how this information might be made more available to the public and local community."}
+{"id": "195412", "text": "A prevention-focused multimodal program provided by PTs in older adults’ homes proved beneficial and those with the highest fall risk demonstrated a significant decrease in falls. A collaboration between PTs and community senior centers resulted in upstreaming care delivery that may reduce both the financial and personal burdens associated with falls in an older adult population. In addition to significant improvements in key fall risk outcome measures among program participants, a comparison of fall risk outcomes between participants and non-participants provided additional support for the effectiveness of this approach. The 8-fold decrease in falls observed among those at elevated fall risk who completed the HOP-UP-PT program warrants large scale implementation and research focused on healthcare cost savings."}
+{"id": "195469", "text": "Some participants stated that their psychological needs had been met and described how they had been guided toward treatment and the recognition of their depressive symptoms. However, most of those who received help with treatment for depressive symptoms had taken the initiative themselves to start treatment."}
+{"id": "195614", "text": "Research on the effectiveness and tolerability of antidepressant treatment in cancer patients with depressive disorders is relevant because of the potential for depression in this population to be associated with various drug–drug interactions and because of the potential effect of cancer on treatment side effects, continuation rates, and outcomes. The Supportive Care Guidelines Group (scgg) therefore conducted a systematic review of the evidence on the efficacy of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for major depression and other depressive disorders in cancer populations, and developed the present clinical practice guideline based on that review and on expert consensus."}
+{"id": "195677", "text": "Thus, progress in pathogenic understanding seems most likely if future research focuses on the detailed characterization of homogeneous subsamples. One recent very promising approach has been achieved within the subgroup of patients who develop secondary OCS during SGA treatment. The following section summarizes evidence supporting the hypothesis of SGA-induced OCS and introduces possible genetic risk factors."}
+{"id": "196012", "text": "The estimation of a genetic contribution to inter-individual differences in phenotypic trait measurements was proposed over a century ago18. The subsequent development of methods to partition a trait of interest into separate genetic and environmental contributions using genetically informative twin and family samples remains an important tool in the genomics era19. Heritability is a technical term that refers to the proportion of phenotypic variance of a trait measured in a population that can be accounted for by genetic sources. A meta-analysis of over 17,804 human traits from 2748 twin studies report an average heritability of 49%, and a subset of reproductive traits at an average heritability of 31%20. The utility of this summary ratio of genetic variance to the total phenotypic variance not only expresses the extent of genetic influence but also allows for meaningful comparisons across traits. An accurate representation of the genetic architecture of species-level vaginal microbiota requires heritability estimates across different populations."}
+{"id": "196055", "text": "Evidence-based workplace interventions may be a key component to prevent the development of and decrease symptoms of depression or anxiety among adults. Workplace interventions may also help establish a set of therapeutic tools for depressive and anxious conditions."}
+{"id": "196140", "text": "We need to know how to plan and organize services and improve the use of scarce financial and human resources in order to reach out to the mental health needs of the general population and to provide effective and humane services to those who need care."}
+{"id": "196146", "text": "A strong aspect of the design of this study is the number of measurements. Six measurements are used, making it possible to analyze the role of potential mediating variables in predicting intervention effects and the development of different kind of symptoms over time."}
+{"id": "196153", "text": "Mental health status was more closely linked with individual factors across the population than contextual factors. Interventions focusing on improving individual resilience and coping skills could improve mental health outcomes and reduce the negative effect of contextual factors such as negative neighbourhood perceptions."}
+{"id": "196231", "text": "However, some of the latest empirical evidence of the experiences of people with mental health problems shows some strikingly similar results to evidence gathered 10 years ago. Similarly, researchers in the Stigma Shout survey found that nine out of ten service users reported that stigma had a negative impact on their lives and two-thirds of them cited that fear of discrimination deterred them from doing things they wanted to do."}
+{"id": "196240", "text": "Interactions with correctional staff and health care services have the potential to buffer the stressors and risks inherent in prisons for people with mental illnesses. Perceptions from participants suggest both individual- and systems-level opportunities for intervention to better support people with mental illnesses in prison."}
+{"id": "196398", "text": "Psychotic experiences during adulthood and adolescence share genetic influences with psychiatric disorders. This study implicated specific genes that may be involved in both psychotic experiences in the community and psychiatric disorders, and genes associated with psychotic experiences across development. Subclinical experiences of auditory and visual hallucinations in adults may have similar biological etiologies. Our findings and other independent reports indicate that psychotic experiences assessed using different measures at different developmental stages may not reflect genetically similar phenomena."}
+{"id": "196408", "text": "Two reviewers assessed each domain for each key outcome and resolved any differences by consensus discussion. Senior members of the review team graded the strength of evidence."}
+{"id": "196416", "text": "In order to determine whether epigenetic changes specific to the manic mood state can be detected in peripheral blood samples we assayed DNA methylation levels genome-wide in serum samples obtained from 20 patients hospitalized for mania and 20 unaffected controls using the Illumina 450K methylation arrays. We identified a methylation locus in the CYP11A1 gene, which is regulated by corticotropin, that is hypo-methylated in individuals hospitalized for mania compared with unaffected controls. DNA methylation levels at this locus appear to be state related as levels in follow-up samples collected from mania patients six months after hospitalization were similar to those observed in controls. In addition, we found that methylation levels at the CYP11A1 locus were significantly correlated with three inflammatory markers in serum in acute mania cases but not in unaffected controls. We conclude that mania is associated with alterations in levels of DNA methylation and inflammatory markers. Since epigenetic markers are potentially malleable, a better understanding of the role of epigenetics may lead to new methods for the prevention and treatment of mood disorders."}
+{"id": "196593", "text": "In considering whether to resort to coercive treatment in such a circumstance, we face a conflict of rights. How should we understand the conflict in this example? As a start, we can say that the person in question enjoys a right to life, and a right to the highest attainable standard of health. There may be circumstances where effective action to protect those rights in the context of a manic episode can only realistically be fulfilled through some kind of coercive intervention. Moreover, there may be circumstances where the rights of other people may be threatened unless a hospital admission or medical intervention is imposed. On the other hand, the person also has a right to liberty, a right to live in the community, a right to legal capacity on an equal basis with others, a right to respect for her physical and mental integrity. Coercive intervention would compromise those rights and potentially many others."}
+{"id": "196657", "text": "Particularly interesting are the findings on impaired reinforcement learning and reward processing. Conducting further research in this area has the potential to improve our understanding on the mechanisms by which these negative early experiences can increase the risk for psychopathology, especially internalizing symptoms, and to perpetuate behaviors that expose the individuals to further victimization. Thus, future studies should better delineate the extend and variability of these difficulties and the potential benefits of different interventions. These could focus on generating alternative behavioral patterns and identifying potential cognitive distortions, using behavioral management or problem-solving techniques."}
+{"id": "196670", "text": "Our non-significant results for MDD are inconsistent with a recent UK population study of middle-aged adults, which found weak evidence to suggest that rare neuropsychiatric copy number variants may be associated with depression in females. On the other hand, another study of this UK population found no gender interaction with polygenic risk scores for ADHD and risk of anxiety, MDD and bipolar disorders, which is consistent with our results for MDD and bipolar disorders but inconsistent with the results for anxiety. Our results suggest that the age of diagnosed individuals may have an impact on the observation of an association between familial/genetic risks and gender differences in psychiatric disorders."}
+{"id": "196759", "text": "The five approaches present a rational, internally consistent and cohesive model for clinician understanding of suicidal ideation and behavior, with a range of interventions that are intended to serve as mechanisms of change in suicidal patients. The concept of disorder, treatment philosophy and treatment process are aligned in a coherent, theoretical vision that can be shared and used in a specific manner to engage the suicidal patient and help the therapist maintain calm optimism in the face of stressful material."}
+{"id": "196825", "text": "This seven-factor framework is consistent with, and expands on, existing literature on violence in psychosis and provides multiple testable hypotheses about the underlying causal mechanisms. The multifactorial nature of the model reflects the complex nature of violence by people with psychosis. It can be used to distinguish between different patterns of violence, allowing for more individualised approaches to understanding and treating violence. Furthermore, it identifies potentially modifiable factors (habitual behaviour patterns, pro-violence beliefs and attitudes, signs of low tolerance of threat, social disrespect and injustice, poor emotion regulation and positive psychotic symptoms) and can be used to guide the development of new targeted interventions to reduce violence – an area that needs renewed attention."}
+{"id": "196855", "text": "SSI appears to be a reliable and a valid measure of suicidal ideation at depressed adolescents, with a cutoff threshold value of four or more of total SSI score being an appropriate for detecting significant suicidal ideation."}
+{"id": "197043", "text": "Family choice, distance to the provider and the perceived etiology of the disease were the main reasons for choosing a specific provider."}
+{"id": "197090", "text": "The use of unobtrusive measures has long been recommended to avoid problems of measurement affecting participants in research [19]. It will often be desirable to use measurements that are not collected primarily for research purposes, for example data in routine health records or existing data collected for other purposes to minimize the threat of bias from MR."}
+{"id": "197091", "text": "Mental disorders and suicide are considered global health problems faced by many countries worldwide. Even though advancements have been made to improve mental wellbeing through research, there is room for improvement. Using Artificial Intelligence to early detect individuals susceptible to mental illness and suicide ideation based on their social media postings is one way to start. This research investigates the effectiveness of using a shared representation to automatically extract features between the two different yet related tasks of mental illness and suicide ideation detection using data in parallel from social media platforms with different distributions. In addition to discovering the shared features between users with suicidal thoughts and users who self-declared a single mental disorder, we further investigate the impact of comorbidity on suicide ideation and use two datasets during inference to test the generalizability of the trained models and provide satisfactory evidence to validate the increased predictive accurateness of suicide risk when using data from users diagnosed with multiple mental disorders compared to a single mental disorder for the mental illness detection task. Our results also demonstrate different mental disorders' impact on suicidal risk and discover a noticeable impact when using data from users diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. We use multi-task learning (MTL) with soft and hard parameter sharing to produce state-of-the-art results for detecting users with suicide ideation who require urgent attention. We further improve the predictability of the proposed model by demonstrating the effectiveness of cross-platform knowledge sharing and predefined auxiliary inputs."}
+{"id": "197300", "text": "The form of informed consent could also decrease the willingness to participate. It has been argued that there may be problems with “open” informed consent as some of the studies show uncertainty about genetic testing from the viewpoint of discrimination, cloning or possible false criminal implications; sometimes because of previous experiences on these issues with legal authorities. This is especially challenging in genomics and genetic studies in which future use might be unspecified."}
+{"id": "197333", "text": "Where it is clear that rights approaches are predicated upon understanding the need to prioritize vulnerable groups and where the way rights are operationalised recognizes the role of agency on the part of those most affected in realising their socio-economic rights, human rights approaches appear to offer powerful tools to support social justice and health equity."}
+{"id": "197388", "text": "This is the first study that uses network analysis to better understand the dimension-level interrelations between emotion regulation or affect and PsyCap and psychological resilience among Chinese males during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings elucidate the specific pathways through which these dimensions interact with aspects of PsyCap and psychological resilience. These pathways emphasize the positive roles of positive affect and cognitive reappraisal and the detrimental role of negative affect. These results have implications for clinical care and public mental health and provide references for targeted intervention strategies to enhance PsyCap and psychological resilience. This reference provides a basis for attenuating the adverse effects the COVID-19 pandemic imposed on mental well-being."}
+{"id": "197452", "text": "Unethical behavior is discovered that is more contagious than ethical behavior. This article attempts to propose one of the possible underlying mechanisms—people may have underconfidence bias in information updating due to motivated reasoning, and such bias exhibits in a different direction compared to the overconfident bias documented in the literature on ethical environment, which generate the asymmetric pattern in contagion. This study designs an experiment which relates the unethical behavior to social learning, where a series of subjects with private information about penalty decide sequentially whether to conduct unethical behavior publicly. This study adopts a quantal response equilibrium to construct a structural model for estimation of the bias. In total, 162 university students participated in our experiment and the results confirm the asymmetric patterns that people rely more on others’ precedent decisions rather than their private signal; therefore, the bias facilitates the contagion. This study also tests two punishment systems in the experiment and the results suggest a policy: slightly increasing penalties for the “followers” in the early stages would effectively suppress the contagion."}
+{"id": "197480", "text": "Alteration in the methylation pattern of certain genes can modulate neuronal survival and regeneration, which in turn leads to the progression of neuronal degeneration. A summary of recent evidence supporting the hyper/hypomethylation of genes in various neurodegenerative diseases is elaborated in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 2."}
+{"id": "197530", "text": "Our analysis evidence how the preservation of cognitive performance and prevention of dementia should be fundamental goals in the management of elderly patients with AF. Besides the traditional cardiovascular evaluation, by using the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc, to evaluate the risk of stroke and consequent need of anticoagulation therapy, a multidimensional geriatric evaluation should be recommended as an integral part of the management of these patients when suggestive symptoms for mild cognitive impairment or dementia are detected to limit the AF progression."}
+{"id": "197581", "text": "If respondents with depression say they are willing to have close social contact with people with mental problems, their probability of using mental health services was higher. This connection has been found at least in one earlier study [17]. Perhaps people with depression are not worried about the perceived public stigma associated with seeking professional services if they have had contact with someone who has experienced mental problems. Attitudes toward antidepressant drugs seem to be an important differentiating factor between those who use mental health services for their depression and those who do not. Knowledge or belief about the adverse effects of antidepressants is relevant but even more so is the worry about addiction. This worry may connect with the idea of \"self management\" and that many people are afraid of all kinds of dependence - also in therapeutic relationships. On a primary health care level, the role of attitudes towards antidepressants is especially important because psychotherapy is often unavailable."}
+{"id": "197605", "text": "Our results revealed that poor interaction with children was significant with regard to depression onset in Japan. In England, while the association was marginal, of the components of social isolation, poor interaction with children had the greatest effect. The lack of interaction with children could have an adverse effect on the mental health of older adults in both countries. Previous studies in England41 and Japan22 have reported that social support from children can contribute to alleviating depression, and our results point in the same direction. Older adults without children can be considered a vulnerable group, because adult children, in particular, are often the main source of positive social support for older parents.42 Older parents have certain expectations with regard to receiving support from their children, and situations wherein these expectations are not met may lead to depressive mood.43 However, a previous study reported no association between the presence of children and depression among older adults in the USA.22 Owing to strong spousal relationships in the USA, the effect of the presence of children might be relatively small. Thus, our study confirmed the adverse effects of poor interaction with children common to England and Japan, but international generalisability can only be established based on further research considering the cultural background of family relationships in individual countries."}
+{"id": "197753", "text": "We provide evidence that induction of neurogenesis is integral to the therapeutic effects of fluoxetine in NHPs. Given the similarity between monkeys and humans, hippocampal neurogenesis likely plays a similar role in the treatment of clinical depression. Future studies will examine several outstanding questions such as whether neuro-suppression is sufficient for producing depression and whether therapeutic neuroplastic effects of fluoxetine are specific to antidepressants."}
+{"id": "197855", "text": "There have been significant changes to services in recent decades, yet institutional culture and discursive influences have contributed to recovery being out of the reach of most users and service providers. This is further compounded when service users reintegrate into society, and there is no longer the required social support and resources necessary to make personal recovery a reality:"}
+{"id": "197861", "text": "Finally, imprisonment could present an opportunity to treat people with mental health and substance use problems who otherwise would be difficult to reach for health services; however, neither the funding nor qualified staff for such treatments are usually available in prisons. National governments in LMICs should move the responsibility for prison health care from prison administrations to the national health services. In conclusion, our findings of high prevalence estimates for major mental health and substance use disorders among prisoners in LMICs present an important global mental health challenge, indicate a treatment gap, and might raise concerns about human rights violations."}
+{"id": "197986", "text": "A significant group of cancer patients with high levels of depressive symptoms do not seem able to effectively manage depressive symptoms by themselves, especially those more likely to avoid dealing with their symptoms. Cancer patients can be educated about avoidant coping and its possible detrimental effects, as well as being informed about possibilities of psychosocial services."}
+{"id": "198209", "text": "She finally brought her son to hospital when her level of stigma reduced after seeing for herself that psychiatric treatment setting is not necessarily unpleasant."}
+{"id": "198233", "text": "Our results do provide support for a modest reciprocal genetic relationship between SZ and ASD reported elsewhere as the ASD FGRS is the second strongest for SZ and the SZ FGRS is the third strongest for ASD. Also, consistent with prior molecular genetics’ findings, our two neurodevelopmental disorders have a reciprocal genetic inter-relationship as the ADHD FGRS is the second strongest for ASD, and ASD FGRS the third strongest for ADHD."}
+{"id": "198305", "text": "At the start of the study, an information leaflet explaining the research project in lay terms was given to each randomly selected participant. Two separate information leaflets were designed for the qualitative and quantitative components. The information leaflets were written in all three official languages of the country (Sinhala, Tamil and English) and participants had the choice of selecting the preferred language version. The research assistants would approach potential participants and explain the study and answer any questions directed by the participants, in a case where they were unable to answer satisfactorily, the participant could directly talk to the principal investigator or any member of the investigator team. The potential participants were asked to take at least a day to make their decision to take part, and if required, to consult the family members and others. Consent forms were printed in the three official languages. Two copies of the consent forms were signed both by the participant and the research assistant, and one copy was given to the participant. Participants could withdraw from the study at any point during the interview process or within a two week period after the date of the interview (this time frame was approved by both ethics committees)."}
+{"id": "198459", "text": "Some young people’s narratives described the personal context of their mental health difficulties in terms of child abuse or growing up with a parent with mental health problems, while others alluded to wider societal factors and influences. Several authors otherwise mentioned focal precipitating events such as bereavement or being in an abusive relationship."}
+{"id": "198465", "text": "The only exclusion criterion involved having made a suicide attempt in the six months prior to taking part in the project due to attempts to limit the impact of participation on the individuals and manage risk, in line with advice received by the Research Ethics Committee."}
+{"id": "198469", "text": "Although the present study consistent with recent findings in the fields of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions can confirm the role of severe and scheduled prenatal stresses in causing autism, it does not deny the necessity of a perspective and wider study in Isfahan and Iran."}
+{"id": "198521", "text": "Initial understanding motivated women to conceal or minimise their experience in relation to professionals and also their informal support networks. This included reporting thoughts and feelings that did not correspond to their subjective experience and resisting urges to engage in behaviours that they believed to be indicative of illness. Women were guided by beliefs about society’s expectations of a new mother."}
+{"id": "198584", "text": "Availability and affordability of psychotropic medication for patients were shown to be inadequate in this study. This was attributed to insufficient funds to support the health facilities and technical challenges contributed by both by the health facilities and stakeholders. To improve mental health services in the country, it is important to ensure adequate and regular supply of psychotropic medications for mental health. Essential psychotropic medicines were usually unavailable in the health facility. Access to psychotropic medications is essential to address the public health burden attributed to untreated mental illnesses. These findings call for the government to increase funds allocated specifically for buying essential psychotropic medications and improving the process of procurement and supply."}
+{"id": "198713", "text": "Trials conducted to evaluate relapse prevention in mood disorders and trials specifically aimed at prevention of suicide and suicidal behaviour were eligible for inclusion. Trials in which lithium was used alone or in conjunction with other treatments were included where other treatments were available to the control group too. Comparative studies comparing lithium with another active drug that did not include a placebo or treatment as usual group were excluded."}
+{"id": "198743", "text": "The modeling results showed little difference in classification performance across the four ML algorithms. Several reasons may underlie this finding (Hand, 2006), but one might be related to the linear separability of our data. ML training for classification problems is a sequential process for determining the optimal decision boundary whereby data can be separated into two groups of outcome values. For data with a linearly separable pattern, a complex nonlinear classifier does not come with noticeable improvements in the classification performance but only takes more computational resources. Suicide prediction is a real-time task that requires rapid classification with reasonable accuracy. This goal would be best achieved by a simple multivariate approach such as logistic regression. Using a regression-based approach would allow quick assessment of suicide risk and enable the system to efficiently update model parameters as additional data accumulates in the clinical setting. It also has the benefits of high interpretability, which could tell clinicians important predictive markers of suicide and their relative effect sizes. The application of ML to suicide prediction needs to consider the context in which the algorithm is used, instead of pursuing more complex and computationally intensive algorithms."}
+{"id": "198816", "text": "Two researchers screened each title and abstract and selected relevant studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. If a discrepancy arose, the two researchers reviewed the full article and came to a consensus noting reasons for inclusion or exclusion of the article. During the full review, if articles were missing data, such as detailed methods, questionnaires, or descriptions of measurements, such as surveys or interview guides, the corresponding authors were contacted by email to obtain missing information. No risk of bias or quality assessments were used because this review aims to describe the literature on how YFHS are measured and not to determine the size of an effect or compare study results."}
+{"id": "198937", "text": "Respondents were parents or guardians who brought their children to attend the weekly outpatient psychiatric clinic at the unit. Convenience and purposive sampling methods was used. Respondents were recruited through the identified child and adolescent nurse counselor working at the psychiatric unit. The first author worked together with the counselor in recruiting respondents while waiting for their children to be seen by the health care providers. The inclusion criterion was a parent or guardian who had lived for at least six months with the mentally ill child. This was considered an adequate period for having reasonable experience. Parents/guardians who met this criterion and consented were included in the study."}
+{"id": "199153", "text": "Clinical depression and subthreshold depressive symptoms in older adults have been linked to structural changes in the cingulate gyrus. The cingulate comprises functionally distinct subregions that may have distinct associations with different types, or symptom dimensions, of depression. This study examined the relationship between symptom dimensions of depression and gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate and isthmus of the cingulate in a nonclinical sample. The study included 41 community-dwelling older adults between the ages of 55 and 81. Participants received a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Subscale scores for depressed mood, somatic symptoms and lack of positive affect were calculated, and Freesurfer was used to extract cingulate gray matter volumes. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and volumes of cingulate subregions while controlling for sex, age and estimated total intracranial volume. Higher scores on the depressed mood subscale were associated with larger volumes in the left posterior cingulate and smaller volumes in the isthmus cingulate. Higher scores on the somatic symptoms subscale were significantly related to smaller volumes in the posterior cingulate. A trend was observed for a positive relationship between higher scores on the lack of positive affect subscale and larger volumes in the anterior cingulate cortex. These results are consistent with previous findings of altered cingulate volumes with increased depressive symptomatology and suggest specific symptom dimensions of depression may differ in their relationship with subregions of the cingulate."}
+{"id": "199498", "text": "The results of papers included in this review showed support for some factors as mediators of mental health and well-being for father carers. There was support for the impact of paternal financial resources on father carer mental health. It is not surprising that financial resources are linked to poor mental health as families on a lower income will be more limited in what they can provide for their children than families on a higher income. These findings replicate work on mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. In a study of mothers of children with severe intellectual disabilities, socioeconomic position moderated associations between child problem behaviours and maternal anxiety and depression. Social support, as measured by marital adjustment, was another factor that was associated with better mental health in all included studies. This finding is also supported by previous research on mothers of a child with intellectual disabilities, such as a large study which found that social support and parental stress had a significant negative correlation."}
+{"id": "199535", "text": "Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. Patients assigned to the control group will receive usual care only from the hospice multidisciplinary team. The dose and frequency of usual care will be as deemed appropriate by the hospice practitioner in charge of their treatment. As music therapy is not part of usual care within this hospice, the control group participants will be offered two sessions of music therapy upon completion of their time in the study. The researcher will notify the music therapist each time a participant has finished their third and final study visit. The music therapist can then offer those in the control group their music therapy sessions when a slot becomes available (see the participant flow chart in Additional file 2)."}
+{"id": "199603", "text": "Consequently, there is a significant value in reviewing the empirical research that supports the use of MoCA as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in SAH patients."}
+{"id": "199635", "text": "This review aimed to identify and examine the effectiveness of existing Australian programs or initiatives that aim to reduce stigma and discrimination towards people with complex mental illness that is poorly understood in the community. The broader aim was to inform options for a national stigma and discrimination reduction strategy as part of implementation of the Fifth National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Plan in Australia."}
+{"id": "199782", "text": "In this randomized clinical trial involving a national sample of 1842 health care professionals, exposure to visual campaigns combined with short narrative vignettes told from the perspective of a patient with OUD that emphasized the harm of stigmatizing language or the effectiveness of medications for treating OUD was associated with reduced levels of stigma."}
+{"id": "199828", "text": "In patients with relapsing symptoms of HSVE whose CSF PCR studies are negative for HSV routine diagnostic work-up should include screening for NMDAR antibodies in CSF and serum. Detection of these antibodies indicates that the disorder is anti-NMDAR encephalitis and should be treated with immunotherapy."}
+{"id": "199921", "text": "They also believed that a virtual clinic would be a good first point of call for students to seek help without fear of being stigmatized,"}
+{"id": "199934", "text": "Animal models allow for discoveries generating hypothesis and theories on depression and antidepressant efficacy beyond monoamines. Neurogenic theory of depression gained more attention in the 2000s when a series of papers reported that chronic antidepressant treatment increased the number of newborn neurons in the hippocampus of adult rodents6–8 suggesting a proneurogenic effect of the treatment. Stressful stimuli provoked hippocampal cell loss and behavioural sequelae prevented by chronic antidepressant treatment in rats9 indicating a positive correlation between proneurogenic and behavioural effects of the compounds. Furthermore, ablation of hippocampal neurogenesis reverted the effects of antidepressants on the behaviour of adult mice7 8 10 suggesting a cause–effect relationship between proneurogenic actions of antidepressants and their effects on behaviour. Altogether, these data engendered an explanation considering hippocampal neurogenesis as the underlying mechanism for the efficacy of antidepressants on treating mood and behavioural disorders."}
+{"id": "200011", "text": "All Healthy Life Centre participants were eligible for the study, although there was a preference for individuals who had just begun attending an intervention programme. Personnel working at the Healthy Life Centres helped in the recruiting process. A strategic sample of informants, based on their age and gender were invited to the study at a mandatory health conversation. The personnel informed the participants that they helped recruiting and that they as personnel were not part of the study. The personnel also told that if they participated in the study or not, it would not affect the participants period at the Healthy Life Centre. Recruitment proceeded continuously until data saturation."}
+{"id": "200215", "text": "We used a linear mixed model approach to estimate components of heritability. In this approach, each phenotype is modeled using a multivariate normal distribution. Each of the components of heritability that we estimated corresponds to a different model of the phenotypic covariance."}
+{"id": "200251", "text": "This research contributes to the existing literature in two areas. First, sudden changes in work-related situations serve as external shocks that minimize the bidirectionality problems common to this type of studies. In general, the existing literature that relates employment situation with mental health must tackle the bidirectionality between these two variables. Specifically, when studying whether unemployment can affect PWB, the hypothetical effect that mental health has on the probability of becoming or remaining unemployed should be isolated in order to not bias the results. A lack of control of bidirectionality could lead to overestimating the effect of the unemployment situation on PWB, since part of this impact may be due to a greater probability of being unemployed for people with worse PWB. Thus, the main contribution of this article comes from being able to distinguish, among unemployed workers, between those who were already unemployed and those who became jobless as a direct result of the pandemic. Second, this research aims to expand the knowledge provided by the existing literature on the evolution of mental health during the pandemic and how this evolution could be dependent on factors such as the person's employment situation or the degree of restrictions on mobility."}
+{"id": "200263", "text": "Lastly, researchers and the field of mental health services and policy research also benefit in important ways. Studies using state administrative data will increasingly become necessary, given declining budgets for services research at the federal level, and reduction of funding for prospective studies of service interventions such as those conducted in the clinical trials tradition. This research provides opportunities for researchers to apply the latest developments in theory and methods with big data sets to answer important questions with immediate relevance to helping people with severe mental illness live more productive lives in their community. In addition, researchers who demonstrate expertise in using state administrative data to answer important questions at the program, population, or policy levels will be much more likely to succeed in the increasingly demanding world of competitive research grant funding."}
+{"id": "200341", "text": "This study set out to determine whether improved on-farm storage has positive effects on stress perception and perceived coping abilities among pregnant women from smallholder farming households in Kenya. Results show that pregnant women from treatment households had higher perceived stress levels but also higher perceived coping abilities than pregnant women from control households. The findings suggest that the use of hermetic storage bags in Kenyan smallholder households provides pregnant women with a sense of empowerment to counteract the effects of PHL and thus food insecurity. Further research could examine the long-term effects of this intervention over several main harvest seasons to determine whether perceived stress levels decrease from one main harvest season to the next as pregnant women gain more experience and confidence in using this new storage technology. In addition, future research should focus on how this storage technology impacts maternal mental health in a broader sense and whether biological mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may underlie this association. Such findings could have important implications for countries in SSA, where women in rural areas are strongly affected by food insecurity and mental health problems [79], and could contribute to the achievement of the second and third goals of the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development [80], namely to end food insecurity and ensure well-being and mental health, not just for women but also for their offspring."}
+{"id": "200365", "text": "One of the strengths of this study is that it was implemented at the national level and included provincial comparison. On the other hand, this is an ecological study and this should be noted in the interpretation of results. In an ecological study, the ecological inference fallacy occurs if this will not be considered in the interpretation of ecological level data to the individual level. One of the limitations of this study could be the possible information bias in RTD data obtained from the MOHME."}
+{"id": "200479", "text": "Several participants described the potential for collaboration between TransLife users and their therapists and their comfort with sharing mood logs and notes with health providers. Participants linked the possibility of sharing personal information with the benefits of receiving help and enhanced coaching from their therapists:"}
+{"id": "200488", "text": "In conclusion, the results of this feasibility study support the possibility of developing a diagnostic test using the discovered biomarkers, which need to be validated, to help facilitate accurate diagnosis and rapid treatment initiation with improved clinical outcomes. Further functional studies of the identified proteins will increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of mood disorders, which may lead to the discovery of novel pharmacological targets."}
+{"id": "200522", "text": "The findings of the present study can help in the better planning and development of mental health services in Greece, especially in a time of mental health budget restrictions."}
+{"id": "200559", "text": "Many participants perceived mental illnesses as stigmatized. They had the impression that a large proportion of society does not regard mental illnesses as a regular element of the disease spectrum, even though they are widespread and not a reason to feel shame. Some also recalled stigmatizing experiences from the past."}
+{"id": "200589", "text": "The oxytocin receptor has also been shown to be involved in social avoidance after social defeat in female mice. Local administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist into the anteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis has been reported to increase the time spent for social interaction in socially defeated female California mice,12 suggesting that the oxytocin receptor in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis facilitates social avoidance in socially defeated female mice."}
+{"id": "200628", "text": "Future work is needed to develop strategies for GPs to quickly identify appropriate help for older people with depression that better fits with how they frame and talk about it and which also recognises the demands of general practice. Observations of GP consultations to consolidate the typology groups and further exploratory work to confirm acceptable support for each typology category is required. A model showing appropriate support for different categories of older people in the typology may have implications for other clinical and non-clinical practitioners, or others older people talk to, who may be able to listen for patterns in older people’s depression narratives and offer support, advise or signpost older people to getting the help they need."}
+{"id": "200739", "text": "This survey was intended to identify the confidence felt by UK and Irish dental students as a population and to potentially further evidence the need for the workshop intervention. The scenario-based confidence survey was conducted in each dental school before the workshop was delivered. The workshop teaching was to take place regardless of the survey results and the survey did not influence the design of the workshop, which had been developed before the study began and was based on previous work in one UK dental school.9"}
+{"id": "200744", "text": "We were able to analyse a substantial dataset on a neglected and difficult to reach population in Germany, one that has limited access to healthcare services. We are convinced that even in the light of the stated limitations, our results are important for social and health science researchers as well as decision makers and agents of healthcare interventions, as we can provide baseline information on mental health needs in this particular population."}
+{"id": "200762", "text": "Rajeswari a 23 year old mother expressed her frustration about the lack of financial, emotional and physical support for raising her two daughters:"}
+{"id": "200766", "text": "Higher shared liability was associated with psychosis and mania but not with MIPS or depression. The conditional analysis suggested a pattern similar to that observed for the BD differentiating fraction; higher shared liability was associated with mania independently of psychosis but was not associated with psychosis independently of mania. The lack of evidence for association between the shared liability component and both depression and MIPS is consistent with the relatively selective relationships between those 2 phenotypes and MDD differentiating and schizophrenia differentiating components, respectively."}
+{"id": "200790", "text": "Noticeable improvements in mood occurred at varying time points and for differing lengths of time, ranging from days to weeks. This reflects what is known from trials that suggest improvement in mood usually lasts for between 1 and 2 weeks, longer in a minority of cases. In our research the second intravenous ketamine treatment resulted in marked improvement for some participants, which lasted longer than benefits following the other ketamine treatments. Some patients went on to oral treatment with ketamine following the initial intravenous treatment, but with mixed responses. It is recognised that bioavailability of ketamine delivered by the oral route is relatively lower."}
+{"id": "200822", "text": "In modeling the prediction of suicide in industrialized societies, it is clearly important to take into account the variety of beneficial factors that might influence societal anxiety and depression. Important in this regard are professional social welfare efforts usually through government expenditure, to manage societal mental health problems. This is especially true since the relation between lower socioeconomic status and poor mental health is so widely acknowledged it is of special importance to concentrate on issues of poverty, homelessness, unemployment or insecure employment and long-term psychiatric disability in minimizing suicide. Thus, societies are faced with the usual issues of opportunity cost as they face political decisions involving physical and mental health. To what degree does the society concentrate on basic support of material living conditions and education as distinguished from more highly medicalized attempts to improve overall health or mental health levels. This involves intense political discussions which are important here but are not the direct subject of this paper. Nevertheless, in the statistical modeling process, one needs to bear in mind not only the level of society's overall income and wealth, but rather the specific monies allocated to promote differential societal goals that also promote health. This is clearly a limiting factor in the use of the GDP per capita as a primary source of influence on mental health; yet, with a reduced GDP per capita there is less governments can achieve, regardless of their competing policies. It is clear, then, that the sheer magnitude of GDP per capita is a prime limiting factor in how much governments can accomplish in order to improve mental health."}
+{"id": "200854", "text": "According to the results in Table 2, members of the first group had means and medians that were very low on all variables; on the basis of the response pattern, this group was termed non-victim because almost none of the members had received abusive behavior from their male partners or online sexual harassment from men outside a relationship. Two groups of adolescents reported having received abusive behaviors to some extent. Members of the second group had received dating violence online and offline, but to a much lesser extent than in group 3. Group 2 stands out from the other two in SHAW outside a relationship. We named this group victim of sexual harassment online. Group 3 of female adolescents scored high in dating victimization online and offline, as well as in sexual harassment online; on the basis of this response pattern, it was defined as victim in the three contexts."}
+{"id": "201140", "text": "The benefits from SMC sessions with the psychiatrist were reflected in different ways. For two participants in the CBT + SMC group, the easy relationship with the psychiatrist allowed them to compliment the sessional work with the CBT therapist and deal with the consequences of disclosing childhood trauma, suggesting some benefit from the multidisciplinary input in the trial. For one male SMC-alone participant, the positive relationship with the psychiatrist, who had been instrumental in making the DS diagnosis prior to his participation in the RCT, was key to his progress in the trial. He felt he could talk openly without feeling judged. He and one other SMC-alone participant reflected how unsure they were that they would have coped with CBT as they felt that the meetings with the psychiatrist were sufficient. However, one SMC-alone female participant said she felt unsupported by both the neurologist and the psychiatrist in her coming to terms with a DS diagnosis after being originally misdiagnosed with epilepsy and having taken antiepilepsy medication for years."}
+{"id": "201150", "text": "In addition to feeling supported by others, participants spoke about the importance of being able to talk to people about their feelings and experiences. Sarah explained that when it is difficult to talk to others, it can be helpful for people to ask how you are:"}
+{"id": "201175", "text": "Those most at risk of job loss during periods of recession tend to have pre-existing mental health problems.10 13 While it is clear that the poorest in society are likely to be hit hardest by economic downturns and their impact on mental health and suicide,14 the specific effects vary from country to country because of international differences in the degree to which economies are affected and the ways in which their social welfare policies and responses to recession mitigate effects.2 15"}
+{"id": "201290", "text": "To provide an atlas of genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders and plasma proteins, we conducted a large-scale genetic correlations between five common psychiatric disorders and 3,283 plasma proteins. We observed modest genetic correlations and identified several plasma proteins showing genetic correlation evidence with the five psychiatric disorders. Our study results provide novel clues for the pathogenetic and biomarkers studies of common psychiatric disorders."}
+{"id": "201414", "text": "A quasi-experimental design was used to compare outcomes for prisoners with severe mental illness who received expedited benefits with a control group of prisoners with severe mental illness who did not receive expedited Medicaid. Propensity score weighting was used to balance treatment and control groups on observed baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and behavioral health and criminal justice utilization during a 3-year pre-release period. Linked, administrative data from multiple public sectors were used, and offenders with severe mental illness were followed for up to 36 months after release from prison."}
+{"id": "201451", "text": "It seems clear there is a significant gap in the perceptions of the general public and members of stigmatised groups. The former believe such groups receive preferential treatment, whereas the latter believe they are being discriminated against and are caught in a vicious circle of a double stigma. Such beliefs of discrimination are further evidenced by the significantly higher prevalence of mental health problems among these groups. The higher prevalence of mental health problems necessitates a change of practice that will enhance accessibility and inclusion, including appropriate training provided to mental health professionals. For example, cultural and sexuality competency training regarding BME and LGB groups respectively and knowledge of needs, beliefs and lifestyles. Similarly, campaigns to educate the public do not always capture the complexity of stigma and mainly target different stigmas in isolation. From a public health point of view, further evidence about the complexity of the issue is urgently needed before any specific recommendations can be made that will feed into future anti-stigma campaigns."}
+{"id": "201526", "text": "This participant sought to help her friend in a way that would make her feel comfortable. In turn, she was thankful that her friend was able to be diagnosed with depression and began regularly visiting a psychiatrist."}
+{"id": "201574", "text": "After respondents completed the questionnaires on depression and anxiety, they were asked whether they had sought help from a General Practitioner or health professional for the reported psychological complaints. The treatment gap was calculated by determining the percentage of subjects with a depression or anxiety who did not seek help for related physical or mental disorders."}
+{"id": "201580", "text": "The goal of this study was to compare SOL estimates across countries in as comparable a manner as possible. To control for differences in estimates that might come from differences in how SOL is implemented, this study uses countries having data that allow for the similar construction of an asset index, the same covariates, and the same definition of disability. An effort was also made to control for differences that may result because of differences in how people with disabilities are identified across studies."}
+{"id": "201633", "text": "However, those families who utilized faith healing or spiritual solutions ended up prolonging the individual’s mental health crisis. All the informants who had contacted Kabiraj and Fakir at an early stage for a solution said that they later had to consult specialized medical practitioners in order to ensure a better result for their individuals living with mental health problems."}
+{"id": "201719", "text": "Although most past studies provided insights regarding individual traits associated with care-seeking behavior, few focused on how the built environment (ie, mental health resource capacity available in the community) is associated with care-seeking behavior in the military population. One study of non–active duty TRICARE beneficiaries found that beneficiaries in geographical areas with a military treatment facility available as primary care clinics had lower use of primary care but higher use of specialty care than TRICARE beneficiaries in geographical areas that had civilian primary care providers. On the other hand, TRICARE beneficiaries increased their use of civilian facilities from 2000 to 2014, but they occurred mostly in emergency departments, a costly setting that does not provide continuity of care. Understanding how the built environment is associated with use of care is critical because it is precisely the built environment where policy levers can be implemented to improve overall mental health care for military personnel."}
+{"id": "201727", "text": "The study showed similar results as the study by Cadario with regard to the participants’ experiences of their first episode of psychosis, which included behavioural disturbances and psychotic symptoms including hallucinations and delusions. According to Hirschfeld et al., most of their participants described vivid overwhelming, in-the-moment experiences of altered perception and sensation that impelled them to behave unusually. De Wet et al. also revealed that the participants described high levels of emotional distress relating to uncertainties at every stage of their illness, including concerns about their futures. The participants’ accounts in the study are consistent and show the need for a personalised understanding of each individual’s experience. Participants in the current study also had varying explanations for the causes and triggers of their psychotic episode. Some described the use of illicit substances like cannabis, while others described cultural and spiritual phenomena including being bewitched by family members or being possessed by demons. As described by Hirschfeld et al., participants’ explanations covered a broad spectrum of ideas about internal and external factors influencing the onset of their psychosis. The clinical implication here is that multiple explanations may need to be embraced by mental health practitioners and that patients should be understood from within their own framework of the meaning of their first episode of psychosis. The insight of the participants into the reasons for their admission had markedly improved by the time of the interviews. Almost all participants knew that they had become mentally ill and had to be admitted. This was surprising as psychotic disorders are often associated with poor insight, with some even considering it a core symptom of psychosis. Although the relationship between insight and treatment adherence is complex and not clearly supported, most of the participants appreciated the need to adhere to treatment as recommended by the MDT to prevent relapse."}
+{"id": "201734", "text": "Compelling evidence has indicated that the genetic architecture of psychiatric risk is complex and is dominated by multiple contributing factors17, so we also aim to investigate the combined effect of stratified polygenic-risk score (PRS) and lifestyle conferring risk for depression. To understand the neurobiological mechanisms by which genetic variation increases risk, the previous literature considered the brain as the intermediate phenotype affected by risk gene variants to further elucidate the mechanistic aspects of brain function implicated in psychiatric disease17. Genetic studies have also revealed the contributions of genetic variation in innate immune mechanisms for diseases18. Therefore, we further comprehensively investigate the intermediate neurobiological processes influenced by genetic variation underlying the association between lifestyle and depression."}
+{"id": "201839", "text": "The referral process was experienced as long and tiresome with long gaps between inpatient and outpatient care by some of the participants. Without a functional care chain, some experiences concerned feelings of being trapped and abandoned in nowhere land struggling with the mental health problems without support from any healthcare professionals."}
+{"id": "201934", "text": "To Brown, Harlem and other predominantly black urban spaces were not environments that could be expected to support the material needs of those undergoing therapeutic transformations. He recognized that the psychologically health mode of selfhood that he wanted for himself and that racial liberals wanted for Harlem’s troubled black youth could only be forged in living spaces that offered good jobs, services, social capital, and supportive institutions. Brown and others like him could not be expected to change in Harlem unless Harlem changed first. Brown and other progressive black thinkers recognized that targeted social reforms would not fix Harlem or reduce the racial slippage in productive power’s expansion. A ghetto was an inherently flawed space—the product of racial segregation, discrimination and neglect. It could not be salvaged and reformed into the kind of place where psychotherapy could work wonders with troubled youth. For Brown, a far more human solution was the outright destruction of segregated living spaces and their replacement with something far healthier and more supportive of individual emotional health."}
+{"id": "201938", "text": "Albumin is the most prevalent plasma protein and is involved in a variety of critical physiological processes. Low serum albumin levels have been linked to depression symptoms in people who had recent suicide attempts and those suffering from several mental diseases such as acute episodes of mania, and schizophrenia. However, there has been little investigation into the relationship between depression and serum albumin levels in community-dwelling persons. This research aimed to examine the relationship between serum albumin and depression in a population-based sample and whether it differs depending on other possible confounders."}
+{"id": "201942", "text": "Interviews with family doctors prior to designing the intervention revealed a reluctance to accept new patients with social needs or mental health diagnoses that extended beyond their medical competence or comfort. This reluctance may translate into reduced efforts by clinic staff to attach new patients [29]. The volunteer navigators helped bridge the gap between the clinic and the community by making multiple contact attempts outside of office hours and informing patients about the consequences of not attending the first appointment, which came as a surprise to many. The fact that all those surveyed attended their first visit and that almost all enrolled formally with the assigned family doctor suggests that integrating patient navigators to the process of assigning patients to new doctors could reduce significantly the rate of persons being returned to the centralized waiting list."}
+{"id": "202222", "text": "However it is clear from the above brief review that the body of research produced in this way is fragmented, partial and somewhat disconnected from the concerns of policy makers and practitioners. Investigator-initiated multicultural mental health research needs to be supplemented with strategic research that will answer questions that are important to policy makers, service designers and evaluators and practitioners."}
+{"id": "202345", "text": "Around 25% of cancer patients experiences depressive symptoms. However, the majority does not receive formal psychological care because patients often prefer managing symptoms alone or with informal social support. Previous research has shown that adaptive coping and social support can indeed be effective in managing relatively mild depressive symptoms. However, higher depressive symptom levels rarely improve without psychological treatment. This longitudinal study examined how and to what extent coping and social support are related to reductions in depressive symptoms in cancer patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms."}
+{"id": "202386", "text": "Rasch analysis enabled the psychometric properties of the SCOPE to be examined in more detail that traditional psychometric approaches. The study highlighted important limitations of the SCOPE, primarily the response categories were not being used as intended and there was an overlap between some items creating a series of dependencies in this sample of prisoner responses. Further implications for research concerning the frequency of items is needed using to determine if similar limitations exist in other samples and to assess the influence of altering response category labels to uncover the potential of a total SCOPE frequency score. In particular testing in both male and female samples are required as gender difference might produce variation in cut-off scores for future benchmarking, clinical and policy-based judgements."}
+{"id": "202429", "text": "Our results indicate that it seems possible to identify children with a high risk of developing delinquency. The crime rate in this study of former child psychiatric in-patients was more than twofold that of the general population. We found conduct disorder alone or in combination with hyperactivity in childhood to be highly related to delinquency in adulthood. Our controversial finding, that conduct disorder combined with emotional disorder was less associated than conduct disorder alone, should be addressed in future research. We found chronic family difficulties to predict future criminality. Taking both diagnosis and family difficulties into account could enhance the prediction of future delinquency."}
+{"id": "202838", "text": "Between June 2015 and June 2016, we approached patients from the Ryan White Positive Health Clinic to participate in this cross-sectional cohort study. To be eligible for the study, individuals had to be at least 18 years of age, have a documented diagnosis of HIV infection, and be able to speak and read English. Patients were excluded if they did not meet these criteria, or if they were acutely ill and in need of urgent medical attention, or if they were deemed to be at high risk of psychological trauma as a result of participating in the study. An on-site psychiatrist familiar with each patient who was present in the clinic and independent from the research team identified individuals potentially at high risk of psychological trauma for exclusion."}
+{"id": "202935", "text": "Our findings suggest that the relationship between depression and PCC volumes is complex. A combination of vegetative, cognitive and apathy symptoms measured by the CES-D somatic symptoms subscale was related to smaller volumes, whereas depressed mood symptoms were related to larger volumes. Consistent with these mixed findings, some structural imaging studies of major and subthreshold depression in older adults report decreased volumes, whereas others report larger volumes and greater cortical thickness. In addition, a study of individuals with a familial risk for depression found increased right anterior and posterior cingulate cortical thickness in these individuals. Current results suggest that conflicting findings regarding the direction of the relationship between depressive symptoms and PCC structure may attributable to different severity of somatic and affective symptoms in previous neuroimaging studies of depression."}
+{"id": "202943", "text": "Planned changes to avoid low power in the second study included conducting new power analyses based on observed measure correlations from Study 1 rather than using estimates and oversampling with the expectation of attrition. Further, Study 2 could conserve power by focusing only on the two groups that illustrated significant differences: C and HS. To decrease the burden on participants, the questionnaires were shortened to only necessary measures to test for the intervention effects. After analyzing Study 1 data, it seemed plausible that an additional alternative explanation for intervention effects to seek help could be related to participants’ perceptions of their depression; prompting the question to be asked at both time points in Study 2."}
+{"id": "202953", "text": "In the Kenya Practitioners Study, the qualitative data collection involved in-depth interviews which explored: perspectives on the ability to work of persons with mental disorders; perceived barriers to employment of persons with mental disorders; and perceived facilitators of employment for persons with mental disorders. The mental health professionals were encouraged to identify the common characteristics of those of their patients who were employed and what they thought would improve employment opportunities for those who had no job. The interviews lasted between 30 min and an hour and were conducted by the primary author IDE and an intern master’s student in public health. One FGD was conducted with five mental health professionals and was facilitated by IDE. The duration of the Focus Group was of approximately 90 min duration and aimed to validate and enrich the findings from interviews. When data saturation [36] was achieved, no further participants were invited for the interviews or FGD. The interviews and FGD were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The participants were provided with study information and their consent was also obtained."}
+{"id": "203128", "text": "Future studies would benefit from understanding the perspectives of black immigrants based on ethnicity and generational status or length of stay in the United States. Future studies using mixed-method or quantitative methods of data collection examining the relationship between perspectives on mental health and use of mental health services would advance this line of research. We only conducted focus groups; however, key informant interviews afford more privacy. We addressed this limitation by having small focus group sizes and emphasized the importance of confidentiality within the groups."}
+{"id": "203143", "text": "The detailed data sets describing the family history of schizophrenia showed that individuals with a family history of any neuropsychiatric disorder are more susceptible to schizophrenia. It was also observed that most of the patients with diagnosed schizophrenia had first-degree relatives with a psychiatric disorder. This indicates that it is a heritable disease with a strong association of its occurrence with mental disorders in first-degree relatives [5]. A novelty in this study lies in the studied population. There have been no prior studies conducted in Pakistan to investigate the treatment responses of schizophrenia patients. The whole treatment regime currently being followed is based on the research conducted on European populations. Therefore, this was the beginning of a new area of research that will hopefully be followed by studies that will expand the understanding of the underlying cause/molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia in Pakistan."}
+{"id": "203290", "text": "Then review whether the patient has indeed had all the treatments to which they appear to be ‘resistant’. Did they stop fluoxetine after a few days of mild side effects and would they be prepared to try again? Did they have a good number of sessions of evidence-based psychological therapy from a fully trained and supervised therapist? If they stopped after a few sessions, was this due to a problem in the therapy or the therapist and would they consider trying a different therapist?"}
+{"id": "203357", "text": "Increased understanding of factors associated with depression treatment outcomes may be employed to help guide the delivery and design of clinical services. Alongside routine screening for co-morbid anxiety, suicidal ideation and traumatic stress should be assessed and considered when designing depression treatment services."}
+{"id": "203391", "text": "In addition to these two hypotheses, the present study investigated the role of gender as a potential moderator of classroom effects on prosocial behavior. Because results from past studies have been inconclusive, this issue was addressed as a research question rather than a directed hypothesis. Because gender was treated as a binary construct in the current data set, gender effects could only be examined for males and females."}
+{"id": "203544", "text": "To provide quality care to patients through the prevention and management of BPSD in order to avoid or at least limit the consequences of this syndrome on hospitalized patients with dementia, it is necessary to have an assessment of BPSD on admission, to develop and to implement an individualized care plan for each patient. The current project was conducted using JBI implementation methodology. The JBI implementation methodology involved the application of a clinical audit and feedback strategy, with the use of the JBI PACES (Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) audit and feedback tool. The purpose of this project was to increase nursing team compliance with best practice recommendations on aggression/agitation management among patients with dementia and assess the impact of these practice changes in improving patient care. The stakeholders in this change of practice were the registered nurses and the Community Health and Care Assistants (a Swiss equivalent of assistant nurses) of the AGCU, as well as the management team composed of a head nurse and two clinical nurse specialist. Due to major changes in the medical team in that period, they could not be involved in the project but they supported it."}
+{"id": "203545", "text": "3.1.1.4 Not seeing employees face to face. Similarly to the young employees experiences of the increased risk of falling through the cracks, the managers recognised that there had been a diffusion of responsibility during the pandemic regarding the handling of the young employees with to CMD. But while the managers also talked about these matters, they mainly did so in terms of the difficulties that arose when they could not meet their young employees in person and see how they were doing. The managers described that it was more difficult to get an understanding of how their young employees with CMD were coping when they did no longer meet them in person due to the restrictions during the pandemic. Before the pandemic, cues regarding their young employees’ mental well-being were picked up during small talk or when eating together in the lunchroom. But for many managers this was not possible during the pandemic when their young employee had to work from home, and one manager described how it was more difficult to truly understand how her young employees with CMD were coping:"}
+{"id": "203550", "text": "In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of suicide through the study of psychological variables present in a clinical population that had presented suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. We aimed to determine the relationships between variables and the existence of conditional dependency relationshipsFootnote 1 beyond the preliminary hypotheses. The study will allow clinicians to have a tool that is applicable to the particularities of each patient in psychotherapeutic interventions that address both the weaknesses and strengths of patients."}
+{"id": "203559", "text": "The above-mentioned analyses represent an obvious step forward in the arena of the study of the genetic contribution to complex diseases and have undoubtedly proved the utility of the GWAS approach using SNPs to identify new genetic associations without previous hypotheses about their biology. Each of these reports has described links with known or new biological pathways, and has also established novel mechanistic connections among pathways and among disorders. The set of loci reported so far should potentiality facilitate progress in the understanding of the physiology of each of these disorders. These studies, however, raise several questions in relation to the genetic basis of complex diseases and the strategies used so far towards the identification of a complete set of susceptibility loci."}
+{"id": "203607", "text": "Although there was variation with regards to age and occupation of first time fathers across the included studies, the lack of ethnic diversity was noted. Of the nine UK studies, participants in six of them were of a White background. The ethnic homogeneity in the UK based studies highlights the need for more research on mental health and wellbeing needs of fathers from other ethnic groups, as these studies do not reflect the ethnic diversity of the UK population. Similarly, participants in the majority of the remaining studies also lacked ethnic diversity, and three studies did not describe the ethnicity of study participants."}
+{"id": "203651", "text": "Globally low responsiveness for the needs of persons affected by mental disorders causes their unjust exclusion and further breaches their basic human rights, such as the right to evidence-based treatment and the highest attainable standard of health."}
+{"id": "203837", "text": "The research assistant approached all of the eligible individuals with MDD and the outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from GP settings for recruitment and handed them an information sheet, which delineated the rationale for the study and the allotted time to complete the survey. All eligible participants had at least 15–20 min to consider whether to collaborate in the study or not. If they decided to, they were asked to sign an informed consent declaration in regards to the use of their information in the research questionnaire and gave their permission for a retrospective medical chart review. Furthermore, they were informed that their data would remain anonymous and that they could withdraw at any stage in regard to the administration of the questionnaire without giving any reasons; and with no impact on their treatment. Furthermore, participants willing to collaborate were invited to a private location to complete the questionnaires and if the participants exhibited a high level of distress or worry, advice and/or further clinical management was provided to them."}
+{"id": "203853", "text": "Proteomic and inflammation alterations (such as neurotrophins, IL-10, and glutathione peroxidase) combined with ML technologies were able to distinguish healthy controls from patients with bipolar disorders or schizophrenia. Even genetic features could be some interesting options to explore because it is known that neuronally expressed genes are involved in the etiology of SCZ by causing synaptic disruption. Both SVM and other ML were tested but it was clear that these information about gene loci and DNA methylation need to be combined with cognitive or neuroimaging data to be more accurate."}
+{"id": "203925", "text": "The current study, which demonstrates genetic modulation of sensitivity to oxytocin administration, identifies one specific and systematic source of individual differences in response to oxytocin administration. The identification of this new haplotype block conferring differences in oxytocin-induced socioemotional behavior will not only help advance a basic scientific understanding of the human oxytocin system but may also improve the prediction of clinical outcomes of novel therapy approaches using oxytocin. More specifically, these results may help to bridge the insights from a pharmacogenetic approach to psychobiological therapy combining oxytocin administration and psychotherapy for genetically targeted subgroups of patients with social deficits across diagnostic categories of mental disorders (for example, autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder and borderline personality disorder). More such personalized treatment strategies are necessary to help fulfill the immense promise of translational success of oxytocin-based therapies."}
+{"id": "203984", "text": "Many women felt overburdened by excessive demands and responsibilities at home, which they felt could prevent them from visiting hospital to attend the sessions. This was validated by the midwives who acknowledged women’s excessive domestic responsibilities as a barrier to attending antenatal appointments."}
+{"id": "204018", "text": "If we consider the research project from the perspective of a ‘share and protect’ approach however, then there may be a different outcome. Under this approach, consideration would be given to what data are necessary to achieve the research aim and what safeguards would be appropriate to protect the interests of the individual. The demographic information, partial postcode, sex, year of birth, smoking status and occupation is required to rule out confounding factors which may otherwise bias the research findings and so is necessary to achieve the research aim. In considering what safeguards could be put in place to protect personal data, a data security policy could be established which imposes limitations in terms of who has access to the data and requires that personal data is kept securely. The NHS number is required to locate tissue and data and the date of birth is required to verify that it relates to the correct person so this data is required for a limited period of time only to achieve a specific function; this data could therefore be replaced with a code once this function has been completed, the key to which is kept securely in a state of limited access. By applying appropriate safeguards which take into consideration the data necessary to achieve the research aim, the potential outcome is that research can be undertaken on surplus tissue with information about the person from whom the tissue came, where obtaining consent for research use would not be feasible, whilst still protecting the interests of those individuals."}
+{"id": "204048", "text": "Our sample included patients with mood and anxiety symptomatology who were willing to participate in this study. We decided to restrict our sample to the most frequent group of patients in clinical practice. With the aim of extending its use to other diagnostic groups, our instrument should be tested on samples with greater diagnostic variety. The results reported here can contribute to better recognition of a mental state that might precede SB. Similar to targeting obesity, high blood pressure, and a sedentary lifestyle, which might decrease the risk of cardiovascular disorders, our study intended to identify factors that could be focused on in early interventions."}
+{"id": "204118", "text": "In delinquent populations we observe an increase in psychopathology, and especially trauma related psychopathology which impacts emotions and self-regulation in a manner that hotly emotionally charged acts of aggression become more likely. The identification of these disturbances can be supported by findings in cognitive neuroscience. These hot aggressive acts can be delineated from planned or emotionally cold aggression."}
+{"id": "204124", "text": "The minimal risk has to be examined in the individual case of each study and indeed each patient. There is no final agreement about the terms and therefore a discussion in study teams and Institutional Research Boards (IRBs) may lead to a different consensus for each individual study. This may disconcert researchers who cannot refer to a standard, but this reflects the general difficulties of applying ethics in research, that general rules are often difficult if not impossible to provide. The researcher himself has the obligation to consider the ethical aspects of the study he plans, and to be prepared to justify his approach. The differences in national guidelines and laws in their definition of minimal risk and burden also requires an individual discussion of study procedures within each jurisdiction to ensure conformity with national law and its interpretation [37,38]."}
+{"id": "204336", "text": "The application of CHADS2 scores was found to provide a high prediction accuracy for ischemic stroke in prostate cancer patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the usefulness of CHADS2 scores in predicting ischemic stroke in prostate cancer patients."}
+{"id": "204339", "text": "Therefore, MDD participants with exaggerated patterns of Ht volume disproportion and asymmetry achieved remission later following first initiation of ADM. Disproportionally small Ht may be predictive of the rate of improvement to remission, as well as the overall likelihood of remission. Although Ht may help predict who will remit, Ht asymmetry may differentiate early and late remitters or those who are likely to benefit from atypical adjunctive antipsychotic medication."}
+{"id": "204428", "text": "The primary outcome of the study was stigma towards mental illness and its impact on help-seeking between Sri Lankan young adults born in Sri Lanka and born in Australia."}
+{"id": "204450", "text": "Due to the pandemic, significantly fewer rehabilitations due to mental disorders occurred in Germany in 2020 than in 2019. The likely increasing need for rehabilitation for people with mental disorders should be addressed by making rehabilitation access and delivery more flexible."}
+{"id": "204479", "text": "Examining variations in psychiatric disorders, the high frequency of PTSD, depression and anxiety among all referred veterans were in line with other reports on veteran mental health. Interestingly, diagnoses varied significantly between those with and without substance or alcohol misuse and those with and without a physical disability. Concerning the former, substance or alcohol misuse is not only found concurrently with mental illnesses but is also likely in some cases to lead to poor psychological well-being. Hence, mental health problems in veterans with substance or alcohol problems are directly linked to their membership of that particular subgroup, whereas veterans lacking these have mental health problems more dependent on other factors. Similarly, veterans with a physical disability showed variations in diagnoses compared with veterans without disability. In particular, more than half of veterans with disability had a diagnosis of PTSD, reflecting previous literature noting the link between disability and PTSD symptoms. Identifying such variations in psychiatric diagnoses between subgroups can prove of importance in clinical practice in shaping therapeutic methods, such as a greater focus on PTSD in veterans with a disability."}
+{"id": "204584", "text": "In conclusion, our findings show that families with multiple members affected with severe mental illness can be used to detect signatures of selection. Immune related genes showed the greatest evidence of selection in these families. This underscores the contribution of immune mechanisms and infection susceptibility, to the genetic architecture of severe mental illness."}
+{"id": "204603", "text": "All data will be stored securely in line with local data management arrangements. All questionnaires and other paper records will be stored in secure storage facilities at the University of Manchester and the University of Nottingham. Personal identifiable paper records will be stored separate from anonymised paper records. All electronic records will be pseudo-anonymised using a reference number for each participant and stored on a password protected server at the University of Manchester."}
+{"id": "204686", "text": "The negative attitudes and speech of colleagues in other nursing fields made the CPNs downcast and also lose confidence in their nursing abilities. These work mates did not see them as proper nurses, and therefore did not treat them properly. The ill treatment even reflected in information dissemination; vital information needed for work was often not relayed or was given out late. This definitely affected efficiency and therefore ultimately led to low productivity on the part of the affected CPNs; to aggravate this situation, logistics needed for the running of the CPN unit was lacking; their office space was also being shared with other units and this limited the effectiveness of the CPNs’ work. It was such that because patients were not given the necessary privacy of a consulting room, they were not able to fully open up about their issues due to their fear of eavesdroppers; basic things like a sphygmomanometer, blood pressure monitor among others were absent, though the CPNs had made written requests for these things, they were ignored. It gets so bad that even when CPNs write reports other colleagues feel like certain details and figures were made up. The working environment for the CPN is therefore depressive, the only way they kept going here was to apply the coping skills acquired as part of their training. Some participants wished they could switch to other better recognized departments like general nursing, midwifery, anesthesia, physician assistance and education; other CPNs admitted they sometimes reacted towards the stigma in outbursts of anger, as a defense mechanism, though most of them kept the anger within without open expression to avoid marring their already fragile image."}
+{"id": "204726", "text": "The findings of the study further support existing evidence documenting the mixed benefits of using peer services compared to treatment as usual care. Policy makers and other stakeholders are encouraged to advance mental health recovery by examining outcomes more comprehensively. Future research should include examination of the subjective benefits of peer support for recipients, understanding the impact on service utilization and a better definition of the roles, supervision and expectations of peer support programs."}
+{"id": "204732", "text": "In this study the Gini index and relative poverty measure two different dimensions of inequality. The Gini index calculated for each municipality measures the distance between the richest and poorest households within the municipality. Insofar as people are expected to compare their standards of living with those of their peers in the municipality where they live, this measure can be taken as an operationalization of the stress theory. The effects of the municipal Gini coefficient are deemed to reflect negative emotions such as shame and distrust, which may be associated with disadvantage and perceptions of disadvantage that are claimed to be directly linked to depression."}
+{"id": "204846", "text": "IPD meta-analysis conclude that Risperidone and Paliperidone antipsychotics had a small beneficial effect on reducing PANSS score over 9 weeks, which is more conservative than estimates from reviews based on journal publications. CSRs also contained significantly more data on harms that were unavailable in journal publications or trial registries. Sharing of IPD and CSRs are necessary when performing meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics."}
+{"id": "204866", "text": "Extensive experiments identified a strong correlation between suicide ideation and certain mental disorders. Among the eight tested disorders, users whom self-declared PTSD, bipolar or schizophrenia as the primary diagnosis shared more features with users having suicidal thoughts. A similar outcome was recognized when predicting users with suicide ideation who require urgent attention, where users whom self-declared only PTSD shared more features with users having suicidal thoughts. The impact of comorbidity on suicide ideation detection was identified throughout all the experiments. Primary diagnosis combined with one or more disorders has resulted in better predictions than when using data from users diagnosed with a single mental disorder. The models trained using the UMD and SMHD datasets were further tested using the UMD expert annotated dataset to determine how well the trained models have generalized. The tests identified that the trained models have generalized well when predicting users with suicide ideation and mental disorders with an F1 score > 0.84."}
+{"id": "204868", "text": "MS has classically been reported as being responsible for high indirect costs and other substantial economic burden in Spain. Symptom severity has strong impact on both work productivity and workforce participation. This study shows that indirect and caregiving costs are incurred even at low levels of physical disability. Effective therapeutic interventions to improve the management of early symptoms as well as implementing workplace strategies focused on job retention may be essential to decrease the high economic burden of MS."}
+{"id": "205023", "text": "How to best promote epistemic justice has been the subject of debate, and so far little to no consensus exists in the contemporary literature. A promising approach can be found in using the tools of restorative justice, through the acknowledgement of the injustice, the amendment of the hearer’s view in accordance with that of the speaker, both of which should hopefully lead to forgiveness and the rebuilding of trust in the epistemic relationship (Almassi 2018). It is however unclear how the principle of nonmaleficence gives sufficient normative traction to ask physicians to undertake these steps. The principle of beneficence, or the principle of justice to the extent that epistemic rights and privileges are goods that ought to be distributed fairly and equally (Miller and Pinto 2022), seem far better equipped to tackle the problem of promoting epistemic justice in healthcare. This, however, is beyond the scope of this paper and its conceptual goals. While nonmaleficence may not be a suitable candidate for securing epistemic justice in physician–patient relationships, it may still provide us with a good starting point in doing so, even if the work ought to be finished with the help of other principles. A good place to begin trying to limit epistemic injustice would be for instance to familiarize medical students with the theoretical apparatus of epistemic injustice, which has for now been given little attention outside of the realm of moral and social philosophy. Doing so would help to-be physicians better understand the complex power dynamics at play between them and their patients in clinical encounters, largely through the acknowledgement of how their position in society and their worldviews are not only socially contingent, but also affect the way they approach their relationships with patients. Doing so encourages self-reflection and critical examination, both of which have been argued to be crucial in achieving epistemic justice in psychiatry for example (Leblanc and Kinsella 2016). This is furthermore consistent with recent advances in the philosophy of medicine, which makes salient the idea of understanding the physician not only qua specialist but also qua person, embedded in societal norms and practices which they both shape and are shaped by (Marcum 2017). Before seeking to correct epistemic injustice, it is first necessary to be able to locate it in medical practice, something that cannot be done if physicians are not aware of the concept and its subsequent harms. As such, emphasis during medical training or through professional certifications, in conjunction with institutional will to tackle the issue provides a good starting point in doing so. While this certainly will not be enough to ensure epistemic justice and guarantee trustful relationships between physicians and patients, it is nevertheless a good place to begin. It is however crucial to highlight that while epistemic injustice as maleficence and epistemic justice as beneficence are distinguishable, and must be distinguished, from a conceptual point of view, they are in practice inextricably intertwined. The first is after all a necessary condition for the achievement of the second: there will be no justice as long as injustice goes unnoticed. Establishing precisely what epistemic justice requires and how it is tied to beneficence is however an endeavour that ought to be undertaken separately from what I have attempted to achieve here. Since the reduction of injustice is a precondition for the realization of justice, it was nevertheless crucial to first shed the light on the kind of moral and clinical wrong I have sketched out in the previous pages, before delving further into the exact demands of justice when it comes to epistemically disadvantaged patients."}
+{"id": "205082", "text": "With respect to our second hypothesis we found no evidence that the statistical strength of suicide risk assessment has improved over time."}
+{"id": "205172", "text": "The comparable efficacy of Spanish and English formats of mindfulness meditation in improving depressive symptoms suggests that this community based intervention may mitigate depression risk in Latino adults who are experiencing social adversity."}
+{"id": "205182", "text": "Schizophrenia with an early onset has an unfavourable prognosis. Our retrospective study of the psychopathological and psychosocial outcome concludes with a generally poor rating."}
+{"id": "205314", "text": "Our review found that effective anti-stigma programs for nursing and pharmacy students exist but are not widespread, and we did not identify any effective programs for medical students. Consultations with health professional peak bodies and education providers could explore the options for development of new programs or sustainable expansion of existing programs that have evidence of effectiveness. Similarly, consultations with health care providers and people with lived experience could consider how to more widely implement into mental health services effective group psychoeducation for carers of people with early psychosis."}
+{"id": "205399", "text": "Community mental health care nurses from two large Dutch mental health care organizations in the Netherlands invited caregivers to participate in the study. They explained the purpose of the study to the care receivers and their caregivers. If the caregiver was willing to participate, written information was given and an informed consent was signed. Those who agreed to participate were approached by the first author and arrangements for an interview were made. Recruitment took place from July 2007 to November 2008. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Altrecht Mental Health Care."}
+{"id": "205406", "text": "This study builds on previous research showing that the experience of a patient homicide or suicide can be profoundly distressing to psychiatrists and confirms the complexity of the grieving process in tragic situations such as these. Ensuring that clinicians have access to appropriate support is crucial and this study identified many benefits of a facilitated consultant psychiatrist peer support group. Our study has helped to expand the understanding of the underlying causes of this distress and how the structure and facilitation of a peer support group can address them. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of this and other forms of support for clinicians and what kind of support works for whom and why. What we do know at this juncture is that actively supporting psychiatrists, by addressing the stigma they face and the sense of blame they feel, is extremely important for their mental health and well-being, and ultimately their capacity as professionals."}
+{"id": "205427", "text": "Past studies have shown that formal partnerships have resulted in significant strengthening of individual research skills and in moderate institutionalized strengthening in LAMIC institutions.59 But partnerships also present significant benefits for HICs. The majority of HICs face shortages of mental health specialists and inequitable access to services across communities, and are therefore seeking strategies to provide cost-effective and equitable care. Given that HICs are becoming more culturally diverse, international research collaborations provide opportunities for HIC researchers to gain knowledge on how to better provide culturally appropriate services in their own countries. The publications arising from joint projects can also increase international recognition of the value of the underlying research."}
+{"id": "205446", "text": "The aim of this project is to assess the efficiency of the antipsychotics used in Spain in reducing schizophrenia relapses under the Spanish Health System perspective."}
+{"id": "205512", "text": "Health inequalities are of increasing public health and policy interest. That psychiatric disorders are associated with death is insufficiently recognized by patients, healthcare professionals and policymakers. Our finding that this is an independent effect only emphasizes the importance that should be attached to good mental healthcare. We have highlighted a number of possible mechanisms to explain this association and further, more detailed analyses are required to disentangle these possible pathways and thereby develop potential interventions."}
+{"id": "205529", "text": "Mental disorders represent a major contributor to disease burden worldwide. We sought to quantify the national economic burden of mental disorders in China."}
+{"id": "205598", "text": "Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another for accuracy using a standardised form. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third person. When a paper quoted a protocol or trial registry number, that paper or trial record was retrieved and used in addition to the included paper to gather all the data possible. In cases where the primary outcome data required clarification or important data were missing, the authors were contacted."}
+{"id": "205638", "text": "The evidence base for mental illness related stigma interventions in health care professionals and trainees is underdeveloped. This study aimed to examine the impact of mental illness related stigma training on third year medical students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour related to people with mental illness."}
+{"id": "205760", "text": "Having identified the classes of bias that a risk of bias tool should cover, the tool will need to provide a means of reporting these risks of bias in a format that can directly inform the data synthesis. Importantly, the output of the tool should not conflate internal validity with other quality constructs. Examples of approaches for classifying the risk of bias in some existing risk of bias tools are shown in Table 4."}
+{"id": "205924", "text": "Here, we present a perspective on the current state of knowledge about the pathogenesis of BD and related diagnoses. We have organized this work into three sections. First, we trace the history of psychiatric taxonomy to learn how these diagnoses came to be defined. Second, we review how key advances in neuroscience and pharmacology forged a generation of influential but ultimately inadequate hypotheses regarding their neurobiological origins. Third, we examine the extent to which genetics has succeeded in filling this void and contributing to the construction of an objective classification of psychiatric disturbance."}
+{"id": "205974", "text": "The G-KAP protocol was determined implementable in a residential ED treatment center setting by the medical staff. The group setting and shared experience was a positive aspect of the treatment as reported by the participants. The clinicians and nurses at the residential ED treatment center found the treatment was integrated successfully to their daily programming and did not interfere or negatively affect the subjects’ participation in the care and peer interactions at the treatment center. The experience was rewarding for both patients and staff, and there was continued enthusiasm and support for the program by management of the ED treatment center."}
+{"id": "205997", "text": "Lithium is an effective treatment for reducing the risk for suicide and suicide attempts in patients with affective disorders over the long-term course. Data also suggest that the expected higher overall mortality in patients with mood disorders using lithium is decreased."}
+{"id": "206210", "text": "The study participants were 9,530 college students: Among all participants, 820 (8.6%) students experienced social anxiety and 1,377 (14.4%) students had social phobia. Table 1 provides the characteristics of social anxiety symptoms in different sociodemographic variables. Compared with females, the proportion of males is much higher in social anxiety (10.5% vs. 7.3%, P < 0.001). College students whose fathers have higher educational level, mothers have lower educational level, and have fewer friends are more likely to experience symptoms of social anxiety (all P values < 0.001). The presence or absence of social anxiety and social phobia were not statistically significant across age, place of residence, and only child (P > 0.05)."}
+{"id": "206211", "text": "In this study we outline an approach that can be used to identify and prioritise resource allocation and services for people with dementia. The study uses a longitudinal framework to collect data from practitioners on potential services and supports for a representative person with dementia over a five-year period, during which various events and transitions happen. There are many benefits to using this approach including: capturing key transition points in care needs; illustrating the time sequencing of needs among people with dementia; and providing a framework for trading off the costs of various services and supports. Thus, this method can be used to show preferences for different services and supports following an event, such as diagnosis or hospitalisation, for a specified initial period and in the steady state."}
+{"id": "206227", "text": "Low productivity, depression and anger were some of the effects of stigmatization on CPNs. These were based on participants’ expressions. It is therefore necessary that all heads of departments of district hospitals put measures in place to deal with stigmatization of CPNs in their districts and communities, this is because the primary role of the CPN is to extend clinical care to the homes of patients who have been discharged, ensuring the treatment regimen is followed in order to ensure full recovery of patients and also to assist in the re-integration of patients into society. That said, a demoralized CPN will not have the capacity to fully execute the job, and coupled with the fact that many CPNs are seeking ways to switch to other non-psychiatric fields, the group that stands to lose most are psychiatric patients. This among other things will cause the percentage of patient relapses to rise. CPNs therefore need all the respect and support to make their work easier and to also perform their work effectively and help reduce relapses of persons with mental illnesses. Furthermore, CPNs will need more support from the mental health authority as well as the media to enable them perform their work and also boost their public image, making it void of stigma."}
+{"id": "206360", "text": "There may be a risk of response bias in the proportion of healthcare organizations that did not respond to our question about policy documents. Furthermore, recall bias may play a role, as sentinel events may be uncommon at the level of mental healthcare organizations, and respondents may only have experienced such an event some time ago. As described in the methods section, patients who experienced a sentinel event were difficult to reach. We therefore approached various patient representatives, counselors, and family members who gave a picture of the patients’ perspective. We aimed to include all types of events in order to gain a rich and deep understanding of the experiences of involved persons. We did not make a distinction in the type of sentinel event or the severity of the events, which of course may relate to the types of reactions of patients and family. Future studies could take this into account. It should be noted that although our qualitative approach fits well with the explorative nature of the study and enabled the collection of rich and detailed data, that are in line with the existing body of research, caution is advised when translating the results to the wider mental healthcare sector or other care sectors."}
+{"id": "206406", "text": "In this hypothesis generating exploratory analysis, several lines of evidence support the plausibility of a relationship between prenatal and early life exposure to paracetamol and autism spectrum disorder. It is proposed that the use of paracetamol in pregnancy and/or early childhood may alter immune processes increasing the risk of autism spectrum disorder in susceptible individuals. In an ecologic analysis, with all the previously discussed limitations, a correlation was found between maternal prenatal use of paracetamol and autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, a correlation was identified for the first time between neonatal circumcision with a probable paracetamol exposure and autism spectrum disorder. These relationships along with the synchronous rise in use of paracetamol and ASD, the convergence of the potential biologic mechanisms and the identification of plausible causes of increased male susceptibility provide consistent evidence of an association. Large scale population based epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm or disprove this association."}
+{"id": "206478", "text": "Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding one or two studies at a time to examine the stability and reliability of the meta-analysis. We performed this analysis to evaluate the effect of outliers. Articles with a high risk of bias or those reporting dubious results were regarded as outliers. Outliers were identified by the extent to which their removal reduced overall heterogeneity. Furthermore, we identified the probable causes of outliers after performing the sensitivity analysis."}
+{"id": "206485", "text": "The current study explores how ill health might act as a barrier to gaining good quality work, and how good quality work may be an important pre-requisite for positive health outcomes. Baseline mental and physical health status were examined as potential barriers to gaining employment, and particularly gaining high quality employment. Poor job quality was examined as a barrier to improved mental and physical health amongst those who get jobs. Patterns of change in employment status and job quality across two waves of data, and the associated changes in physical and mental health were used to investigate the following three specific hypotheses:"}
+{"id": "206598", "text": "While these path models cannot be directly compared with ours, a consistent message is that secondary health conditions are important alongside other factors and that mediating factors are involved in this effect. Our finding that overall burden of secondary health conditions and NEFI-S scores showed mainly indirect effects on overall QoL suggests that their impacts can be mitigated if social, psychological and mental health factors and ability to participate in desired activities can be maintained."}
+{"id": "206655", "text": "Disclosure is constructed as a way of overcoming suppression of one’s negative psychological states. The interviewer’s turn at line 05 provides further evidence for this claim. The interviewer’s turn presents the gist of the EOLC worker’s previous talk, which is that this mutual support had a positive effect (“crucial”) on “everyone’s mental health.” Finally, the interviewee’s construction of disclosure arguably reproduces socio-cultural norms around talking to others about mental health problems as a means of alleviating them [80, 81]. In particular, Elraz (2018) noted that disclosure is an act that can counter mental health stigma in the workplace [80]."}
+{"id": "206688", "text": "We recognized the role of perceived social support on quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Monthly income status and dimensions of social support such as appraisal support, belonging support and self-esteem support were significant predictors of quality of life in these patients. Meanwhile, self-esteem support was the most important predictor of quality of life in cardiovascular patients among social support dimensions. Hence, designing educational programs based on individual factors without addressing social factors cannot improve quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In summary, the perceived social support seems to be an important external factor in CVDs management programs and may reduce the emotional burden of disease and health care costs."}
+{"id": "206729", "text": "Unblinding is permissible if a participant becomes a drop-out or shows a marked increase in depressive symptoms and/or suicidal tendencies and is removed from the study. All participants will be debriefed orally and in writing about the aims of the study and group allocation after the study is completed. All participants are also debriefed about the congruency condition and receive both illness rationales upon study completion."}
+{"id": "206847", "text": "It is not well clear how psychosocial factors like depressive symptoms, social support affect quality of life in rural elderly in China. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between social support and quality of life."}
+{"id": "206861", "text": "Informed written consent was obtained by the researchers at the beginning of the study for participation in the research evaluation. Participants in both groups (FC and OTAU) then completed the outcome measures during the first session or at home if they preferred privacy for completion of measures. If completing the questionnaires at home, participants were asked to return the completed questionnaires to the researchers before the second session of the programme. The researchers were available to assist with any queries from participants if they arose."}
+{"id": "207073", "text": "Family functioning has been affected by caring for patients with mental illness. There is change in the role of family members as the parents become involved or more consumed by patient’s needs. The patient has many needs which must be fulfilled by the caregivers at the same time that they must engage in daily tasks to earn an income. This increases fact increases the overall burden on the caregivers. A large quantitative study in Australia reported that higher levels of the burden of care were associated with lower levels of family functioning, which in turn were associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression and perceptions of poor health [24]. Our findings also demonstrated that there was a low level of family functioning that was associated with patient’s uncontrolled behaviour. The results of this research would further suggest that families affected by mental illness feel less cohesive and perceive themselves to be less connected to one another and less bonded as a unit than the normative family. In addition, the families of the mentally ill felt dissatisfied with the functioning of their family. This gives an impression that individual families should maintain their roles and relationships, thereby enabling the caregivers to maintain equilibrium. Any occurrence of mental illness of a family member which needs caring at home results in psychological and emotional disturbances for the whole family [25]. In relation to the conceptual approach of family caregiving [26], these family beliefs and relationships can be of great importance to understanding caregiving problems and any socio-cultural factors influencing family care of people with mental illness. However, it is also important to examine further and distinguish between the availability of social support resources and the actual use of that resource to strengthen family functioning."}
+{"id": "207357", "text": "The moderated mediation model can broaden our understanding of how and when perceived stress, anxiety and social support work together to affect PGD. The interventions aimed at improving mental health of Chinese Shidu parents need to work on reducing stress and enhancing social support."}
+{"id": "207412", "text": "In this work we will (i) review and discuss to what extent the link between cognitive functioning and schizophrenia is underpinned by genetics according to recent studies using GWAS and particularly PRS, (ii) analyse data to provide a meta analytic approach of the genetic correlation between general cognitive functioning and genetic risk of schizophrenia in participants with schizophrenia and in controls."}
+{"id": "207526", "text": "Future research into the OxMIS tool will need to further address the feasibility of clinical implementation, this will likely involve incorporation into EHRs using structured data fields rather than natural language processing—the clinician may be asked to record the tool variables within the EHR as a routine part of clinical care. To fully evaluate feasibility it will be important to compare the OxMIS tool to current clinical practice and evaluate its acceptability and utility for clinicians, as has previously been done for similar risk assessment tools in forensic psychiatry (43). In addition, the effects of tool use on clinical care should ultimately be evaluated prospectively, as has been proposed for tools assessing psychosis risk (44). However, the use of NLP within the EHR may constitute a powerful research tool enabling the external validation of the OxMIS tool using a large retrospective cohort. There are several options for further development of our NLP approach which individually or in combination may make it suitable for use in external validation. One approach would be to undertake further manual annotation of clinical records to provide further training data for the model to improve interpretation of linguistic context (such as relation to family members). A second option could be to use the NLP model to screen text for variable information, categorize obvious instances and refer less “certain” instances to a human for arbitration."}
+{"id": "207788", "text": "It is proposed that an additional amount equal to 3% of the expenditure on severe mental disorder should be allocated for mental health promotion and illness prevention programmes. As with common mental disorder it is expected that the economic return on investment will be far higher than expenditure on severe mental disorder, and indeed prevention is more desirable, however this proposal acknowledges that mental health resources will in all likelihood be in short supply and taking away from treatment of severe mental disorder, even if it is for prevention, will have medical, social, economic and even political implications. Prevention and promotion will also be starting from a very low base in most LMIC and hence even 3% of the treatment amount may initially be difficult to absorb into effective prevention programmes (See table 1 for further explanation)."}
+{"id": "207823", "text": "Despite these limitations, the results of this study show a consistent pattern of association between genetic risk of schizophrenia and nonparticipation by study mothers and children in data collection at numerous time points across childhood and adolescence. These results have important implications for genetic studies that utilize psychiatric-related phenotypes ascertained using a longitudinal cohort design and possibly also for studies conducted in the general population, which may suffer from selection biases. The results suggest that persons at higher genetic risk for schizophrenia and related phenotypes are likely to be underrepresented in longitudinal studies, which may decrease the statistical power for any analyses of schizophrenia and other related phenotypes, both in terms of categorical diagnoses and in terms of quantitative population traits. Our results suggest that analyses with schizophrenia as an outcome may be biased by the nonrandom missingness of this phenotype, especially if genetic risk factors are not taken into account. It is possible that the missing-at-random assumption of multiple imputation models may still not be met even after inclusion of variables related to family history, socioeconomic position, and childhood behavioral and emotional problems. These results open up possibilities for future research into nonparticipation in longitudinal studies—for example, regarding whether inclusion of genetic risk scores in imputation of missing data might allow associations to be estimated with less bias."}
+{"id": "207925", "text": "The increasing rates of suicide in Japan reflect the super-aging Japanese society, although the suicide trend is declining in all of the most-affected age groups. The majority of the suicide deaths in the past 38 years was driven by hanging, and the proportion has been growing over time. With the progress that has been made in the prevention of suicide, rates are declining. Increased attention on finding effective intervention strategies that are particularly aimed at hanging and in people aged 30–79 could work to further drive these rates down, and enable Japan to maintain the progress that it has made in fighting this tragic and preventable cause of death over the past 30 years."}
+{"id": "207926", "text": "Where consideration of the issues suggests that MR is likely to cause bias within a trial, a number of options are available."}
+{"id": "207940", "text": "While individuals who use either cannabis or cigarettes during adolescence appear to be at increased risk of psychotic experiences, the association of psychotic experiences is greater with cannabis than with tobacco smoking."}
+{"id": "208030", "text": "Our study of all-cause mortality in those with SMI in Glasgow has identified a trend towards increasing mortality associated with worsening deprivation, but more work is required to investigate this relationship further."}
+{"id": "208068", "text": "Cooperating with the nurse on the ward to plan the discharge and find solutions for mental health care at home strengthened the participants’ relationship with the nurse as a partner. The participants described how they used their knowledge of their own mental illness and care needs in the cooperation with the nurse and how the nurse used his/her nursing knowledge about psychosis and planning the discharge. Some participants expressed feeling ashamed about their illness and dependence and appreciated the nurses’ sensitive behaviour, honesty and acceptance of their care needs. The participants cared about the nurses who approached them in this manner, as one participant described:Nurse G and me have known each other for years during several admissions. She was the one who helped me receive benefits and keep in contact with my children. She supports me by trusting my needs and helps me figuring out about further treatment. I am still weak and need support. We are a kind of a team (9)."}
+{"id": "208226", "text": "Table 2 Comparative mean scores of determinants before intervention, 3, 6 and 12 months after intervention in the control group and intervention group"}
+{"id": "208246", "text": "This paper presents the first step in a larger user-centered design process being undertaken to develop the virtual clinic. The data obtained in this study will be used to develop and build prototypes for testing with students and other stakeholder groups. Feedback from testing sessions will be used to refine the prototypes for further testing and finalize the functionality that will comprise the virtual clinic. Thus, the findings of this research have direct implications for the development of online interventions to improve the mental health of university students. Despite the impact that untreated mental health problems can have in emerging adulthood, mental health problems still remain undertreated in this vulnerable group. A university-specific virtual clinic may address some of the help seeking barriers that students experience, and allow universities to improve rates of help seeking among their students."}
+{"id": "208472", "text": "The issues that confront families when a parent experiences mental illness are complex. This often means that multiple service systems must be engaged to meet families’ needs, including those related to intergenerational experiences of mental health and illness. A multisystem approach to public mental health care is widely recommended as a form of preventative intervention to address the effects of mental illness and its social, psychological, and economic impact upon parents, children, and families. Globally, a multisystemic approach to care requires a change in the way systems are currently organized to support families, as well as the way systems are interacting with families, and with each other. This qualitative secondary analysis emerged from a primary study examining global systems change efforts to support families, including components of change that were common and considered successful in different countries. A narrative inquiry method was used to re-analyze the data by compiling the stories of change described by individuals from participant countries. The data were interrogated to ask questions about story content, and to identify who was telling the story and how they described important changes across different geographical and cultural contexts. The individual stories of 89 systems change experts from 16 countries were then compiled into a shared global narrative to demonstrate international progress that has occurred over time, toward multisystemic change to support families where parents experience mental illness. While the global narrative demonstrates considerable overlap between pathways toward change, it is also important to document individual stories, as change pertains differently in different contexts. The individual stories and the global narrative illustrate how countries begin a journey toward change at different time points and may have various outcomes in mind when they commence. Study findings raise questions about the extent to which systems change can be standardized across countries that have unique social, cultural, political, and economic features. This study provides several potential points of reference for countries considering, or currently undertaking systems change to support families where a parent has a mental illness. It also provides an important story about international efforts undertaken to improve outcomes for families."}
+{"id": "208561", "text": "When the interviewees were asked about the relationship between gender and the work environment, some speeches showed a perceived disrespect against male lecturer in a predominantly female profession. The subcategory Perception of violence against the teacher addresses the perception of violence against the teacher. A study carried out to demonstrate the relationship between negative working conditions in the psychosocial domain, violent situations and behaviors and bullying at work, and self-perceived mental health of professors of medical and nursing courses revealed that professors of nursing are more exposed to all types of violence and psychological harassment than professors of medicine(."}
+{"id": "208633", "text": "Mothers described that the living conditions at asylum centres with cramped housing accommodations, restricted freedom to move, and lack of activity and language barriers with other children at the camp had worsened children’s difficulties with aggression and frequent conflicts and delayed time to recovery from traumatic experiences. Some had experienced that their children had reacted to the difficult living conditions in the asylum centres by becoming more passive or even refused to eat. Mothers also mentioned that living in the asylum centres made it more difficult for the parent to be a good support for their children."}
+{"id": "208685", "text": "The grounded theory model of suicidal ideation and behaviour development during the perinatal period"}
+{"id": "208732", "text": "Mental health stigma occurs when people have negative thoughts and beliefs of those with mental health illnesses or mental health treatment. Mental health stigma is related to an assortment of negative outcomes including discrimination in housing and employment, reduced usage of mental health services, and poor mental health outcomes. These implications may be particularly salient for ethnic minorities such as African Americans and Latinos who already suffer from other types of discrimination. This study examines perceived and personal mental health stigma in African American and Latino college students from a nontraditional university to help elucidate factors related to the development of mental health stigma. Students completed surveys concerning their stigma beliefs. African American students were found to have higher rates of mental health stigma than Latino students. Furthermore, anxiety about those with mental illness was related to greater mental health stigma for both groups. For African Americans, it was found that their perception of their ability to visibly identify those with mental illness was related to greater mental health stigma. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce mental health stigma in college students should target specific ethnic minority groups and focus on issues that are particularly salient to those communities."}
+{"id": "208781", "text": "GPs recruited patients at their discretion and it was not known if a formal diagnosis of depression had been made. This method of recruitment was feasible within the research ethics framework as opposed to recruiting participants without a known diagnosis. Participants talked about their condition using a range of vocabulary. We recognise that older people who have not been given a diagnosis may talk about their condition and experiences differently to those who have, as they have not been given a label for their condition. Exploration of the impact of a diagnosis or no diagnosis on ways older people talked about depression was therefore not possible within the study design."}
+{"id": "208860", "text": "Furthermore, the negative comments towards families with a member diagnosed with mental illness in this study involved treatment of these families as if mental illness was contagious. This assertion was echoed by one of the participants who reported to have been viewed as though staying with the mentally ill translates to being like her patient. Although in this study the families of people diagnosed with mental illness were subsumed to have mental illness like their mentally ill members, the participant viewed this assertion as just reckless and for the purpose of stigmatising them with no overt fears that the disease is actually contagious. Comparably, a study conducted in Namibia revealed that mental illness was viewed as being actually contagious (Bartholomew 2018)."}
+{"id": "208885", "text": "There are some signs in Kintampo of an uneasiness with the practice of chaining, and a desire for other alternatives on the part of those involved in treating the mentally ill. A few families strongly resisted the use of chains on their relatives and chose to forgo the treatment offered by spiritual healers where such methods were employed. A pastor whose church routinely chains the mentally ill to trees, expressed the opinion that such treatment is 'not the best', and stated his desire for funding so that better facilities for the confinement of patients could be provided. Since 2008 representatives from CHRAJ, the District Health Management Team, traditional and faith healers, carers and people with mental illness are co-operating with the MHaPP in Kintampo to promote the human rights of people with mental illness in the district. Initiatives such as these, which establish a dialogue with local actors, could begin to address the factors which contribute to the continued use of chaining and other forms of abuse, and work alongside families and healers to protect and promote the rights, dignity and health of those with mental illness."}
+{"id": "209073", "text": "While coercion comes in various forms as these narratives attest and as other participants also made reference to the coercive nature of the treatment, for most participants, the major reason for following through with the expectations of the CTO was because it was a way of leaving the hospital. Several participants emphasized that they knew their discharge from hospital was contingent upon consenting to the conditions of the CTO."}
+{"id": "209196", "text": "Data from 2014‒2018 of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families were used. Only married women living with their husbands and wage workers were included, whereas those diagnosed with depression at the baseline year and those with missing values were excluded. A total of 1,504 individuals were included as the study population. The impact of WIF on depressive symptoms was analyzed using the generalized estimating equation model with a logit link."}
+{"id": "209198", "text": "Our research has highlighted a number of important issues in the recruitment of farmers for a mental health intervention, including the importance of wording and accessibility to those with poor internet or difficulty with reading. Meeting farmers where they are was found to be a key message for recruitment, as well as wider public health delivery to those in the farming community."}
+{"id": "209249", "text": "Findings from this study confirm that cognitive impairment affects a consistent number of patients suffering an acute cerebrovascular event. Bedside cognitive assessment in a patient with an acute neurological condition is cumbersome unless simple and reliable diagnostic tools are used. In this prospective hospital-based study, the presence of a pathological score on CDT in the acute phase of stroke doubles the risk of cognitive decline at follow-up in non-demented patients within 1 year."}
+{"id": "209282", "text": "Respondents describe intersecting systemic and personal barriers that compound patients’ challenges to getting their social needs met; this includes both a picture of the inequitable distribution of and access to social services and a profile of the limitations created by individual life histories. These results speak to the need for structural changes to improve adequacy, availability, and accessibility of social needs resources. These findings highlight the need for advocacy to address systems barriers, especially the stigma that is faced by people who struggle with a variety of health and social issues, and investment in incentives to strengthen relationships between health care settings and social service agencies."}
+{"id": "209434", "text": "This leads to two distinct interpretations of the matrices K and D which both come with potential drawbacks. If IBD probabilities are used to estimate K and D, they represent the level of relatedness between pairs of individuals based on the presence of recent common ancestors but if K and D are estimated as GRMs, then they represent simply the correlation between pairs of individuals’ genotypes. For the former interpretation, coefficients of identity can only be approximated either by their expected values based on the pedigree structure linking individuals or by estimating the proportions of IBD-sharing between individuals based on their genotypes. However, exhaustive pedigree information is never available and indeed the concept of IBD is similarly problematic due to the ambiguity of how many generations to consider when looking back for evidence of shared genetic ancestors. After many generations, mutations and recombinations cause the IBD segments to become increasingly short and not completely identical and thus difficult to distinguish from background genetic variation. For the latter interpretation involving GRMs, there is the immediate problem that such correlations are computed from a large set of variants which are not specific to the trait being studied in the hope that these variants will be representative of the unknown set of causal variants via linkage disequilibrium (LD) (correlations between variants). Consequentially, if heritability is estimated with GRMs, it corresponds to only a proportion of the phenotypic variation coming from the subset of causal variants that are in LD with the genotyped variants. This can lead to downwardly biased estimate of heritability as causal variants may often be held at low frequencies by selection and so will be in weak LD with common genotyped variants. Furthermore, if there exist relatively few causal variants, the large numbers of non-causal variants used to estimate the genetic correlations might mask the desired correlation of causal variants between individuals. Genomic-based IBD methods applied to unrelated individuals has been suggested as an approach to improve upon genetic correlation methods as detected stretches of IBD can cover some un-typed genetic variation."}
+{"id": "209451", "text": "In Germany, one of the interviewees was very clear in labeling the wide exclusion of pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers as a major ethical problem, as such practice fails to identify risks and benefits of medicines for women and their offspring in such stages thereby leaving them without a proven and safe medical treatment. Many clinicians did not have any experience including pregnant study participants. Attempts to protect patient autonomy can lead to the injustice of not examining the effectiveness and safety of medical procedures for the specific profile of whole groups of people."}
+{"id": "209521", "text": "Discussion: As a standard selective inhibitor of GSK3β, lithium has been shown to exert a beneficial effect on tissue repair and regeneration upon acute injury in multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system and hematopoietic system. In experimental AKI, lithium at small doses is able to ameliorate AKI and promote kidney repair. Successful completion of this study will help to assess the effectiveness of lithium in CSA-AKI and could potentially pave the way for large-scale randomized trials to thoroughly evaluate the efficacy of this novel regimen for preventing AKI after cardiac surgery."}
+{"id": "209683", "text": "The results are presented anonymously according to ethical criteria and data protection of the participants."}
+{"id": "209689", "text": "All participants provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by the respective ethical committees at each one of the participating centres."}
+{"id": "209704", "text": "Some family caregivers sought information as a positive coping mechanism and at the same time it helps them to understand the illness and raise awareness:"}
+{"id": "209707", "text": "With respect to clinical predictors of treatment resistance in FEP several symptomatic factors have been discussed about treatment resistance and poor long-term outcome. Positive symptoms were thought for long time to be the most important outcome measure and were the standard parameters for treatment resistance assessment. This was due to the fact that other symptoms were not correctly recognized or undervalued, or symptoms such as negative symptoms were considered unresponsive to treatment."}
+{"id": "209751", "text": "Serious adverse events will be reported to the Ethics Committee of the hospital. The association of an event to the study drug will be evaluated based on a temporal and biological correlation analyses. As the intervention is conducted only once, blind will only be broken if strictly necessary and after discussion with the study senior coordinator."}
+{"id": "209909", "text": "Although he worried about it beforehand, being able to talk through his experiences and be listened to in a non-judgemental way was helpful. Being told he was ‘depressed’ was not a surprise, but Jeremy was disappointed that there did not seem to be many services available to support him. He felt encouraged that his palliative care team were thinking about his mental health as well as his physical health. Jeremy remained unsure whether medications would be beneficial in his case, but he was later started on mirtazapine, which helped with his sleep and did lift his mood. Through his local hospice, Jeremy has been able to access some talking therapy. He was surprised when he noticed that he had become less preoccupied with his deteriorating physical health and was able to focus more on spending time doing what he enjoyed. Following talking about his difficult relationship with his son, Jeremy realised that he had been shutting him out to protect him from the seriousness of his cancer. He planned an open and honest conversation with him."}
+{"id": "210027", "text": "While PRS is certainly not immediately ready for routine clinical application, this study highlights the value of PRS for SZ and BD in elucidating the genetic architecture of psychosis and identifying vulnerable individuals who may benefit from early attention and monitoring. Future research should focus on possible differential developmental trajectories and factors precipitating or mitigating pre-existing genetic liability."}
+{"id": "210059", "text": "We generated the sample by employing the theoretical sampling method, looking for a variety of dimensions arising from the first data analysis. These dimensions included age, diagnosis, number of involuntary hospital admissions, location of involuntary hospital admission and attitude toward the mental healthcare system. We contacted participants not only via mental healthcare services but also via independent self-help groups to ensure a variety of attitudes toward the mental healthcare system in the sample. The participants contacted via inpatient services were approached by one of the researchers who works as a psychiatrist at a mental health hospital. The researcher did not serve as the treating physician and made it explicit that participation could be declined without reprisal of any sort. The participants contacted via independent self-help groups approached us via email on their own initiative after we distributed information about the study among self-help groups across Germany."}
+{"id": "210213", "text": "Trend analysis revealed that between 1998 and 2010 three different periods can be separated: a slower decline between 1998 and 2003, a stronger decline in the following period from 2003 to 2007 and an abrupt change in trend with slow increase in suicide rates between 2007 and 2010. The trend change in 2007 was more pronounced than that in 2003. These different trends were found both for males and females."}
+{"id": "210305", "text": "The asymmetrical right-sided HV reduction found in our MDD sample was present independent of age and sex. Previous literature on adolescents at risk for MDD and adults with MDD report inconsistent findings with regard to the lateralization of hippocampal volume reductions with both left-sided, right-sided and bilateral volume reductions. Furthermore, hippocampus asymmetries are also prevalent in the normal population independent of MDD and the neurodevelopmental processes; other possible mechanisms and clinical implications of these asymmetries are unknown. More research into the causes and implications of lateralization of structural changes in the hippocampus is warranted in general and in MDD in particular."}
+{"id": "210389", "text": "Second, our analysis uncovered strong evidence for a mediating/buffering role of the Social Systems domain in AUD. Low Social Support and low Agreeableness were indirect causes of AUD severity and fully mediated the effect of cognition on the negative valence domain, providing strong empirical evidence that addiction models should incorporate measures of social function32,33. Epidemiological research has established a solid link between social affiliation and drug addiction34, and increased social affiliation is associated with decreased risk of relapse in drug users who are seeking treatment35. Despite the considerable evidence research has uncovered for the importance of social affiliation as a protective factor in addiction36, current neurobiological models of addiction generally fail to consider social factors32 and their close relationship to cognitive/affective factors."}
+{"id": "210392", "text": "One of the most important frontiers in the development of cognitive neuroscience in the field of mental health research is to reshape their research strategy and by this their role in psychiatric research. While the importance of cognitive neuroscience research in mental health is widely acknowledged, cognitive neuroscientists can play a more active role in shaping research. The central contribution and potential of cognitive neuroscientists is to strengthen theory-driven mechanistic research (using basic psychological concepts) with the likely benefit that robustness of research is increased and that the position of individuals with mental health problems in society is strengthened."}
+{"id": "210435", "text": "Although the use of CCA tools for assessing the cognition of post-stroke patients is becoming popular, there are still some limitations and challenges of using such tools in stroke survivors. More evidence is thus needed to verify the value and specific role of these tools in assessing the cognitive impairment of stroke patients."}
+{"id": "210515", "text": "In children affected by intrauterine infections with rubella or CMV, the association with ASD seems to result from the insult to the nervous system, as all also had other neurological problems as well as visual and hearing impairment, suggesting that ASD is secondary to the primary morbidity. Large population studies did not find a specific maternal infection to be associated with ASD, implying that the association between maternal infection during pregnancy and ASD is apparently related to maternal inflammatory process; hence, maternal immune activation may play a role in neuro-developmental perturbation."}
+{"id": "210663", "text": "The choice of the normality cut-off score for MoCA in patients with stroke is a crucial issue. Godefroy et al,11 using published norms, found that 82% of their patients with acute stroke had a score below the normality. When the cut-off was adjusted for education and age, the proportion of patients decreased to 48%.11 Similarly, Lees et al,33 using the original cut-off of 26, diagnosed cognitive impairments in 86% of acute stroke unit patients; the proportion decreased to 49% if the cut-off was decreased to 20.\r\n\r\nMost studies found that the cut-off of 26, suggested by Nasreddine et al5 to detect MCI in a memory clinic, is inadequate for the stroke setting. The optimal values for normality range from 19 to 22 in studies in which MoCA was administered in the acute stroke phase,11,12,17,20 and from 20 to 27 in studies in which the test was administered in the chronic phase,24,27,28,30,34–36 once performances were compared with those on extensive batteries at follow-up."}
+{"id": "210753", "text": "Time spent outside the family home in a different role may also contribute to gender differences in parental mental health. The results of Olsson and Hwang's study indicate a positive relationship between involvement in paid work and well-being for both mothers and fathers. Macdonald et al also reported that partner working outside the family home was associated with lower rates of anxiety in fathers. These results are also supported by later studies that found participation in the workforce to have a protective effect on mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. If mothers are less often involved in paid work following the birth of a child with intellectual disabilities, this could in part explain the difference in mental health between parents. In Olsson and Hwang's study, there was no difference in well-being between mothers who worked full time and mothers who worked part time. This suggests that taking a longer break from child care activities does not affect mother mental health, but that being in paid employment to some degree does have a protective effect. Their study also found that participation in paid employment made a significant contribution to the variance in well-being between fathers and mothers, but division of child care tasks did not. Participation in paid work can serve as a protection against social isolation and life dissatisfaction, and as fathers are more likely to work, this may contribute to their well-being."}
+{"id": "210764", "text": "The potential contribution of the minimum core concept to advancing health equity is to demarcate “basic” and “essential” health services as a baseline to be protected as a matter of right against governmental claims of scarcity and against inadequate international assistance. Additionally, core obligations locate corresponding domestic and collective action within a legally binding framework with some enforceability and sometimes considerable normative and political influence. Yet the terse definition of minimum core obligations in General Comment 14 does not entirely support these lofty ambitions, and is marked by several key deficiencies."}
+{"id": "210789", "text": "Inclusion criteria for study controls were: age 18 or older, no present or prior history of reported mental illness, and owning a smartphone able to run the study app. All participants signed a written informed consent and the study was reviewed and approved by both the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and State of Massachusetts Department of Mental Health Institutional Review Boards."}
+{"id": "210879", "text": "Making your own decisions is important. There are disabled people who need support to make some decisions. Supporting disabled people to make decisions is needed so that they are not excluded from society. However, the evidence is limited on disabled people’s experiences of how best to support decision-making. This article will explore the experiences of four researchers with mental health problems or an intellectual disability who worked with other researchers to conduct a project on how people have, or have not been, supported to make their own decisions. These researchers are called peer researchers. The peer researchers interviewed 21 people with mental health problems and 20 people with an intellectual disability. These interviews were conducted in order to gain a detailed understanding of the experiences and preferences for how decision-making should be supported. Blogs written by the peer researchers, discussions in team meetings and a workshop at the end of the study enabled the peer researchers to reflect on their experiences. The peer researchers reported a number of positive effects of being involved in the research project which included improvements in skills and self-confidence. The peer researchers’ involvement challenged assumptions about the inability of people with an intellectual disability and/or mental health problems to participate in a research project whilst also highlighting the importance of training for all team members."}
+{"id": "210886", "text": "Although the relationship between economic status and mental health is well established there is a dearth of studies that probe at any depth the impact of an improved financial situation on the wellbeing and mental health of persons with SMI, and as a result of their findings are able to develop new forms of helpful interventions."}
+{"id": "211122", "text": "Psychological resilience mediates the stress response to trauma. High levels of psychological resilience are protective against the development of mental illness, and this was reflected in this study. Recent research has considered introducing resilience training as a preventative treatment for reducing mental health outcomes amongst first responders. Similar strategies could be developed for HCWs in anticipation of future public health emergencies."}
+{"id": "211201", "text": "Qualitative research may of value in understanding the place of fear in individuals’ lives, and the determinants which shape it. From a public health perspective, qualitative research may also help to fill in the gaps in our understanding of how fear of crime influences wellbeing outcomes, and to gain a greater insight into how both relate to environmental factors. This can help to illuminate one area of the complex pathways through which environmental determinants impact on health and wellbeing outcomes."}
+{"id": "211221", "text": "CYP without experience of mental illness were more ambivalent towards professional help seeking compared to CYP with experience. There were two distinguishing features of responses from CYP without experience of mental illness. First, this participant group often described professional help seeking as acceptable only if the illness had reached a severity threshold. Secondly, CYP in this participant group were sceptical about treatment for anxiety or depression, and the efficacy of medication for the treatment of depression specifically. However, those with experience of anxiety or depression were slightly more likely to endorse the treatability of mental health problems and talking therapies in particular."}
+{"id": "211296", "text": "A computational interpretation of our model is that anything that disrupts the maintenance of cue representation during the ISI results in BX errors on the DPX task. Longer reaction times are produced when there is greater noise in the representation of information. The current behavioral data of schizophrenic individuals on context-integration tasks suggests that both of these are occurring and that there are multiple mechanisms that can produce this pattern. In our simulations we found that local consequences on EI imbalances via global NMDA conductance manipulations can produce this result. Besides NMDA conductance, EI imbalances can potentially be produced by numerous mechanisms. While it is possible to experiment with all of these mechanisms, the context-integration deficits seen in schizophrenia can be most clearly summarized and understood at the computational level as a poor ability to represent information over time due to noise causing instability."}
+{"id": "211365", "text": "Parental rejection and punishment as well as parental control and overprotection were positively associated with the expression of machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism. Parental emotional warmth was conversely associated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy and not associated with narcissism."}
+{"id": "211413", "text": "Alteration in EI balance resulted in our context-integration agent producing numerous behavioral deficits in line with some mental health disorders. Global shifts in the EI balance did not create overall problems, but rather regionally specific ones. This regional specificity was a result of increased susceptibility to EI manipulations, because our networks filled specific roles in information processing engendered by local neural characteristics. The regional dysfunctions in our model also created specific patterns of behavioral deficits that were consistent with those observed in schizophrenic individuals, autistic individuals, as well as humans and macaques receiving NMDA antagonists."}
+{"id": "211532", "text": "In the first part of this paper we provide an outline of some of the relevant scientific and methodological challenges and introduce PRS. In the second part we discuss four areas in which the use of polygenic risk scores in psychiatric research and clinical contexts could have ethical implications with a particular focus on potential challenges that could arise with the feedback and interpretation of high polygenic risk for a psychiatric disorder. While there would be much overlap with the challenges associated with the feedback of genetic findings in general, we mainly focus on the potential difficulties associated with communicating and interpreting complex genetic risk information. To this end, we look at how lay interpretations of risk and genetic information could intersect. Consideration of these factors would be necessary to ensure effective and constructive communication and interpretation of polygenic risk information which, in turn, could have implications for the uptake of any therapeutic recommendations. Recent advances with PRS have major implications for its clinical potential, however, care should be taken to ensure that interpretation of polygenic risk does not feed into problematic assumptions regarding mental disorders or support reductive interpretations."}
+{"id": "211709", "text": "A limitation of the study is the lack of generalisability of the findings to other psychiatric settings because of the demographic profile of the patients and the fact that patients were not re-assessed through clinical interview to confirm diagnosis during the course of this study. Information may not have been captured correctly or adequately in the clinic files from which the data for this study were obtained. Furthermore, methodological problems, such as an unfamiliarity on the part of the researchers with the abbreviations encountered in the clinical files as well as unclear handwriting and missing information in some clinical files, place further limitations on the study despite the use of mitigation strategies, such as continuous consultation with a clinician at the FSPC outpatient unit."}
+{"id": "211742", "text": "For many participants across both professional groups and geographical areas, identifying women’s mental health problems were dependent on whether women disclosed a history of and/or current PNMH problems when asked. Some respondents challenged the belief that a trusted relationship between professional and woman resulted in disclosure of PNMH problems and believed that disclosure was dependent on women’s willingness to share information:"}
+{"id": "211780", "text": "Specifically, during the 1st-3rd training sessions, there was no significant difference in performance between the experimental group with feedback and the experimental group without feedback. However, in the 4th-8th training sessions, the two groups showed significant differences. The group with feedback demonstrated better performance in both circle tracking and stimuli detection compared to the group without feedback (Table 2; Fig. 2)."}
+{"id": "211943", "text": "As a human right, health is crucial to human and social development. Societies that reach an optimal level of health are able to ensure that their populations attain higher individual and collective levels of human development . For a society that is going through a period of post-conflict, guaranteeing health as a right demonstrates the State’s interest in taking steps towards renewing the social bonds among the parties that were broken by the conflict. Effective access to health services expresses the recognition of the right to health, making it possible to prevent illness and to address the population’s health needs ."}
+{"id": "211953", "text": "Participants reported that patients were more aggressive and violent when they do not take their medication and this was a common problem provided that some medications had to be bought at private pharmacies. Furthermore, family resilience was also disrupted when the patient interfered with normal family social life such as by preventing family members from engaging in basic activities such eating and watching television."}
+{"id": "212100", "text": "Community members identified a range of issues that are important to them in relation to mental health and prostate cancer, including barriers to help seeking and accessing primary and secondary care, ideas for service improvements and a need for health information that is accessible and culturally relevant."}
+{"id": "212193", "text": "It was also noticeable that after a while some mothers gave more input about future activities and some of them also offered support in preparing and leading an activity. These mothers were very enthusiastic about the meetings and said that feeling engaged with the neighbourhood and activities encouraged them to think about other possible activities during the meetings and motivated them to contribute ideas."}
+{"id": "212213", "text": "Our intention had been to interview between 24 and 30 people because the interview study was undertaken in complement to a systematic review of qualitative research, rather than as a standalone study. Recruitment stopped at 19 interviewees partly due to data saturation and partly due to our inability to include some diagnoses in our sample, despite attempts to do so. With 19 interviews, we felt that we had achieved a wide spectrum of severity of mental health problems and that there was considerable repetition of themes which suggested data saturation for the diagnoses included. However, some diagnoses were missing from our sample and people with these diagnoses may have had different views of quality of life from those included in our study. We were unable to recruit women with psychosis related disorders, or people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and only one person with Personality Disorder. Our sample was primarily users of mental health services rather than a wider population of people with mental health problems and this may have resulted in an over-emphasis on the negative rather than positive aspects of quality of life. These interviews could be challenging to undertake but the interviewer (JC) had considerable experience of working with people with a spectrum of mental health problems in past research studies. At times some interviewees became upset and this may have affected the content of the interview and the subject matter discussed. The interviewer (JC) was aware during the interviews that, because of its personal nature, questions about close and sexual relationships were sometimes difficult to raise, resulting in this subject area not being fully explored."}
+{"id": "212335", "text": "In addition to research which suggests that mental health problems increase during times of economic recession, we investigate the impact of the economic recession on people with mental health problems and how this may be mediated by stigma. This paper investigates the impact of economic hardship on unemployment rates of people with mental health problems using Eurobarometer survey data collected from 27 EU countries in 2006 and 2010. We test the hypothesis that the European macro-economic crisis since 2008 has had a greater impact on employment of people with mental health problems compared to people without mental health problems. We also hypothesise that the impact on individuals with mental health problems is greater for people living in regions with greater public stigma towards people with mental illness, after controlling for regional unemployment rates. Additionally, as some research suggests that certain population subgroups, such as men or individuals with low levels of education [19], may be particularly vulnerable during times of economic recession, we investigate whether there is a differential impact of the recession on these subgroups in relation to unemployment."}
+{"id": "212345", "text": "We found that each social relationship dimension representing social support and social integration was associated with both major depressive episodes and depressive symptoms. These associations were more likely to persist in multivariate models with continuous depressive symptoms as an outcome variable as compared to the outcome of a binary major depressive episode. Although the social relationship variables are conceptually related they appear to tap unique aspects of the social environment as evidenced by their small bivariate intercorrelations and their independent associations when entered jointly into regression models predicting depression. Social relationship variables were more consistently associated with continuous depressive symptoms, which is not surprising given statistical difficulties predicting rare outcomes such as a recent major depressive episode."}
+{"id": "212605", "text": "As noted previously [47], this study involved a small sample of patients and workers. All worker participants were drawn from one mental health service in Australia. Therefore, results may not be generalizable to other jurisdictions. Other studies have noted bias in recruiting participants who might have more positive regard for CTOs. Our study did not have this limitation. The interviewer’s status as a consumer advocate may have assisted participants to speak more freely. The lead researcher was a clinician within mental health services between 1996 and 2007. She was aware of three of the patient participants, but she had not been directly involved in their care as a case manager during that time. The lead researcher was aware of six of the staff participants because of her prior clinical role within mental health services. She had not had any direct or regular contact with any of these participants since leaving mental health services in 2007. All participants were unknown to all other members of the research team. These conditions and shared analysis of data by the research team helped to minimise any bias in reporting."}
+{"id": "212720", "text": "Participants also reported that if an individual was perceived to be faking an illness or pushed back too forcefully on the doctor's recommendation they could receive punishment, such as being confined to their cell or sent to administrative segregation."}
+{"id": "212726", "text": "Only young cases were included in the cohort. Cases with higher age at the FEP may have different distributions of comorbid disorders and different outcomes. Since women have a higher median age at FEP, a larger part of women with FEP may have a different profile of comorbid disorders and outcomes compared to the current cohort."}
+{"id": "212766", "text": "The previous studies have shown that cognition in patients 4–8 weeks after stroke can predict early functional outcomes after stroke. The analyses of data from the REVASCAT trial proved that stent thrombectomy improves post-morbid wiring test outcomes in patients with AIS compared with drug therapy. However, few studies focus on the relationship between cognitive impairment and functional outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular treatment."}
+{"id": "212893", "text": "Carrying the fear that other people might know about their diagnosis of a mental health disorder, some patients refused to continue taking medication in a public space. For a similar reason, some of the patients or their families would rather receive treatment from internal medicine outpatient departments in general hospitals than outpatient departments of psychiatry in general hospitals or mental hospitals. Therefore, stigma about mental disorders might constrain the use of available mental health resources and might eventually affect the level of medication adherence."}
+{"id": "212936", "text": "Participants who consent to participate in the EMA portion of the study will be contacted on a regular basis to identify concerns with the study, issues regarding receipt of the EMA notifications, and to assess ongoing suicide risk. All participants, regardless of their level of compliance with the EMA protocol and indicated suicide risk, will be contacted by the research team through SMS text messaging weekly (4 times over the 28-day period). Participants will also be contacted on day 5 of the EMA protocol if under half of the expected surveys are completed during the first 4 days of the protocol to remind them of the compensation rate per survey and to ascertain if any issues were inhibiting completion of the surveys. Participants will then be contacted if they demonstrate 1, 2, and 4 consecutive days of nonresponse to any surveys. After the first occurrence of extended periods of noncompletion, check-ins will only be conducted after 2 or 4 full days without completing any surveys to avoid excessive or intrusive follow-ups."}
+{"id": "212963", "text": "Novel genetic approaches considering the polygenic etiology of psychotic disorders are crucial to disentangle the molecular basis of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of schizophrenia. Cognitive rather than psychopathological polygenic scores were found widely associated to premorbid cognitive status and symptom recovery, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms mediating the emergence of the psychotic episode and its severity could be partially independent. Further research on this topic is essential to unravel the etiopathogenic processes of schizophrenia to ultimately prompt early intervention protocols for high-risk individuals and provide personalized attention – both pharmacological and psychological – to prevent severe forms of the disorder."}
+{"id": "212974", "text": "The ways in which mothers with mental illness describe their identity and the influences upon it within the process of personal recovery, has remained peripheral within recovery discourse. The aim of this study is to explore the ways in which mothers with mental illness describe their identity, and the factors that support or hinder development of a positive identity. Critical research aims to reveal and question social inequalities that are embedded within stereotypes (6). This current study adopts a gendered lens to examine the identity experiences of mothers with mental illness, and to investigate multiple identity possibilities including and beyond motherhood."}
+{"id": "212987", "text": "Hence a priority for the future implementation of HOP should be careful evaluation of outcomes and change processes. Attention will also need to be paid to ensuring that any new HOP sites and adaptations use a community-based participatory approach, which has been central to HOP's philosophy and practice from the outset."}
+{"id": "213077", "text": "Poor awareness about such issues has huge implications for the attitudes and behaviour of the community. Attitudes among community members towards those who experience mental illness were often described as extremely negative, involving a combination of denial and hatred. Community members also explained that a lack of understanding of mental illness led to social exclusion and an overall lack of care"}
+{"id": "213206", "text": "Phenomenological research is a method by which a researcher understands the meaning of the experiences that each participant routinely experiences without prejudice. Rather than objective facts or knowledge of reality, this study is to understand the nature of how different individuals compose experiences, especially how to experience phenomena occurring in psychiatric wards, and to interpret principles of social phenomena [15]. The study aimed to understand and interpret the physical and psychological experiences and positive and negative aspects associated with nursing practices of patients with anger and aggressive behavior. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is important to not only understand the nature of aggressive behavior of psychotic patients, but also to strengthen the positive elements of mental ward nursing and to help provide basic data for solving and preventing physical and psychological problems."}
+{"id": "213413", "text": "The records retrieved from the databases will be exported to Endnote Library for study screening, de-duplication and overall management of the retrieved records. All study titles and abstracts resulting from the above searches will be independently screened by two reviewers in respect to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the review; a third reviewer will arbitrate any disagreements that are not resolved by discussion. The same process will be repeated for full-text screening. There will be no language restriction, and where possible efforts will be made to translate studies found in any language other than English. Multiple reports utilising one data set or analysed from the same study will be reported as one study. Where data or information are missing, every effort will be made to contact the authors requesting additional information."}
+{"id": "213479", "text": "In conclusion, our study utilised a novel thalamic segmentation tool to investigate volume and white matter macrostructural changes associated with depressive symptomatology in PD. Novel findings include PD depression being associated with right PuA volume loss and widespread thalamic white matter macrostructural loss as well as antidepressant use being associated with higher right PuA volume. Future work should examine PD patients with more severe depression and over a longer follow-up. In the longer term, a better understanding of the neural correlates of PD depression may reveal potential therapeutic targets."}
+{"id": "213635", "text": "Reservations about the benefits of professional treatment were another common problem - and one which appeared to impede effective management of depression. Several people reported feeling doubtful that professional treatment was helping. Such doubts related to both specific practitioners and a lack of conviction regarding the medical profession or treatment in general."}
+{"id": "214051", "text": "With advances in science, such as the advent of gene sequencing, oncologists began to discern more subtypes of cancers. With clearer categorisation, researchers now can better target the right combination of chemotherapy, radiation and/or medications for each subtype."}
+{"id": "214062", "text": "Research findings suggest that behavioral interventions are effective in improving educational outcomes and fostering skill development in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, high rates of comorbidity between ASD and other psychological disorders, including depression and anxiety, indicate that standard behavioral approaches are not adequately addressing issues related to mental health in this population. Research emerging since the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is advancing our understanding of the nature of childhood stress and trauma in people with ASD and its subsequent impact on mental health and wellbeing. Mounting evidence for stress and trauma as a risk factor for comorbidity and the worsening of core ASD symptoms may intimate a shift in the way clinical social workers and other clinical practitioners conceptualize and approach work with this population to include trauma-focused assessment strategies and clinical interventions. Future directions for research to better understand the nature of childhood stress and trauma and improve mental health in this population are also discussed."}
+{"id": "214103", "text": "To the best of our knowledge, no studies have exclusively addressed the role of temperament as a risk factor in the development of depression and anxiety among patients admitted to PCUs. The results of this study could provide new options for treatment and enhance the quality of life in palliative care patients. The assessment of temperament and psychiatric symptoms in patients in a PCU could enable the multidisciplinary team to recognize the patients’ needs more appropriately and to allocate the necessary psychosocial support."}
+{"id": "214112", "text": "This article presents individual-level perspectives of five early career investigators in global mental health. Whilst their views may not be representative of all other early career researchers who engaged in CB activities in the Global Hubs, these case studies can be informative for understanding the function and impact of CB partnerships and activities at an individual-researcher level. Another limitation is that these rising stars were asked to provide these narratives by their mentors which may have contributed to social desirability bias. To overcome this, they were encouraged to be frank about both the benefits and challenges they experienced."}
+{"id": "214151", "text": "This analysis also had several limitations. First, our study is an ecological study which relies on cross sectional data and cannot be used to assert cause and effect. Hence, when interpreting the results in this study, caution must be taken to avoid the potential for the ecological fallacy. Second, the study was conducted with only 3,110 of the 3,141 total counties in the US due to the paucity of reliable data in the remaining counties. Third, the variation of climate data on areas smaller than a county may affect the results due to the selection of weather station, geographic setting, cultural and socioeconomic influences and varying effects of different pollutant mixtures. Fourth, the utility of education, primary care and income as indicators of social class may be limited by the fact that their relationships with social class may have changed over time. These variables may also act as potential confounders or effect modifiers in the present study. It is unclear whether these variables or other variables used in this study contributed to the possible differences observed in mortality rates of different diseases over time. Fifth, because our study was population-based, we were limited in our ability to control geographic mobility and other additional potential confounders, especially various individual and community risk factors that may have been affected by policies that were broadly related to environmental regulation. Sixth, we used different data from different sources because not all data were available for the same year. The period of the data that we chose was as close to each other’s period as possible to minimize large difference. The difference of the data from one year to another year for any particular variable used in the model, if available, was less than 1%. Also, most of the variables that we used in the study are slow moving in the time dimension. Hence, it was concluded that the period of the data being used and any bias induced by the heterogeneity in sampling time, which is believed to be small, did not have any major impact in our analyses. Finally, the requirement that the effects of the air pollutants be detrimental and common across all population groups precluded modifying effects seen for some pollutants. When this restriction was removed and the individual population subgroups were allowed to have different pollutants drive the predictions, ozone remained as the pollutant which consistently entered in the model except for COPD, but other air pollution variables were seen to enter the regression for some population density groups. However, the effects were inconsistent and removing the restriction had virtually no impact on the quality of the fit. Therefore, we refrained from drawing strong causal relation between ozone or any variable and health outcomes due to the limitations in our approach. The results reported in the present study should be read with caution. Nevertheless, the results obtained from this research provide important policy implication. It is hoped that the results may further help us to improve the strength of the current models by considering approaches such as combining multiple collinear variables, interaction or effect modification, or other factors to completely characterize the health outcomes or health risks due to air pollution."}
+{"id": "214285", "text": "Some of the participants were unclear about whether or not they had been tested for TB. It seems that they had not understood what kind of tests they had taken. This is illustrated in an interview with an HIV positive man (physical disability). He replied inconsistently to the question on TB testing. Early in the interview he stated that he had only been tested for HIV and never for TB. Later, the interviewer repeated the questions about TB testing. He then explained that he had been asked to submit sputum, and this test was negative: I think it was last month when I felt very hot and after that I could feel cold again. They took a bottle and asked me to submit sputum and they asked me to stay for two days and on the third day they told me they had not diagnosed me TB positive. When he was asked about whether the health personnel had explained to him the risk for TB because he was HIV positive, he replied: They did not explain anything to me. I went to the hospital and I explained my problems to them. The officer wrote a note and after that I went to meet a medical officer. He took the form and read it and then he took drugs and gave me. I will not be honest with you if I told you that they explained to me. There was nothing else. They just told me to continue to take my medication. A possible reason for the apparent confusion on TB tests may be that either the health personnel did not explain to him what kind of treatment he was given, or he did not understand the explanation given to him. In addition to the health services, MACOHA provides health related information to people with disabilities, but apparently not sufficient information on TB. An HIV positive visually impaired woman who used to attend local meetings arranged by MACOHA, said: You may discuss an issue if you know about it, but when you don't know anything where will you start from? As a HIV positive person she had received information about HIV, but never about the risk of TB connected to it."}
+{"id": "214437", "text": "A pre-2001 analysis of available published clinical trials of the OA/RA drug rofecoxib would have highlighted the limited participation of arthritis patients with cardiovascular morbidity; and an examination of the medications prescribed to real-world Australian OA/RA patients aged over 65 years would have shown that some 68% of these arthritis patients carried a cardiovascular risk. Knowledge of these two factors alone could have provided a clear caution concerning prescription of rofecoxib for this arthritis patient group until more was known about its effects in the context of CVD."}
+{"id": "214444", "text": "We examined the shared genetic aetiology between common and rare variants associated with psychiatric illnesses, by testing for the enrichment of rare predicted deleterious variants in genes previously associated in GWAS of common variants for matched psychiatric disorders as the latent traits in this study. However, we found no evidence for enrichment."}
+{"id": "214689", "text": "A limitation of the study was the small number of interviews, however, the coding for each theme was congruent across the majority of the sample and data saturation occurred within six interviews. Individual differences were included in the results to illustrate contrasts where they occurred, and to avoid bias in representation. The researchers AK and HM were in accordance with each other on the data extracted and their interpretation; however lack of wider consultation may be a potential source of bias. A further limitation was the minimal integration with the quantitative data available from the YACBAC trial. [16] Although the qualitative data presented here support the quantitative findings that the majority of patients were satisfied with the treatment received in terms of time and attention and were willing to try acupuncture again, the quantitative data provided insufficient depth of detail to crosscheck and integrate with the components of acceptability reported in this study."}
+{"id": "214970", "text": "Given the realities of research infrastructure, clinical trials conducted in Burma must partner with the relevant local authorities. These trials raise important and difficult questions. As illustrated in the Doe vs Unocal case, partnering with the Burmese government is against many state laws and may implicate a research body in crimes. We would argue that partnering with such an organization may be excusable in limited circumstances – where there are compelling and pressing reasons why such research cannot be conducted amongst another population. Indeed, several trials demonstrating the effectiveness of artesunate based therapies for severe malaria have instigated a national policy change regarding treatment within Burma, demonstrating that this research was necessary and in certain circumstances can result in important improvements for the populations at risk [29]."}
+{"id": "215190", "text": "The learned prognostic model can then be used to predict conversion to dementia of new MCI patients. The proposed supervised learning approach using time windows may be integrated in a medical decision support system to be used in clinical settings. This clinical decision support system would predict the most likely prognostic for a new MCI patient based on the past history of a cohort of patients with known prognostics. This prognostic may support the decision of clinicians in real world situations and be useful to adjust treatments and the frequency of the medical appointments."}
+{"id": "215534", "text": "In conclusion, in terms of major risk factors for suicide, the analysis results based on a longitudinal dataset collected from the general population and analyzed using a machine learning classification model indicated that socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors were associated with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Similar trends were validated on yearly datasets with yearly suicide rates, resulting in a high rank for social variables and a relatively higher rank for mental health variables associated with high suicide ranks."}
+{"id": "215584", "text": "While more research into suicidal ideation and acute suicidal behavior is clearly needed, this research is fraught with both practical and ethical concerns. As a result, many investigators and bioethicists have called for restrictions on the types of research that individuals with suicidal behavior can participate in, despite the fact that the available empirical evidence suggests that this research can be done safely. This manuscript presents background information on the phenomenology of suicide, discusses the current state of treatment and prevention strategies, and reviews the practical and ethical issues surrounding suicide research in the context of available empirical data."}
+{"id": "215610", "text": "University undergraduate students are at a higher risk of developing SAD in developed and developing countries. Promoting the mental health of students is an important issue which should be addressed in the education and healthcare systems of developed and developing countries. Since students entering university are from different socioeconomic background, screening should be carried out early as students."}
+{"id": "215630", "text": "With the approval of the university research ethics committee, all participants were fully informed about the purpose and methodology of the study and were given the right to agree or refuse to participate before filling in the questionnaires."}
+{"id": "215655", "text": "In conclusion, it was determined that, compared to the healthy controls, the anxiety and depression levels were higher and the perception of the quality of life was lower in adolescents with dysmenorrhea. It was found that increasing severity of dysmenorrhea further increased the extent of impairment in mental health and the perception of psychosocial health. The likelihood of dysmenorrhea was shown to be higher among cases with higher levels of depression. In dysmenorrhea management, it is important to enhance awareness among pediatric clinicians and gynecologists regarding the associations between dysmenorrhea and mental problems. It is believed that better results can be achieved in the management of dysmenorrhea cases, and that the quality of life can be further improved, by referring the child to a psychiatrist whenever necessary and through psychiatric follow-up."}
+{"id": "215710", "text": "However, while it is certainly validating to know that the evidence base does not support exclusion on the basis of this stigmatising label, that doesn’t change the harsh reality that too many people with CEN continue to suffer the consequences of such discriminatory practices, which are not only limited to hospitalisation, but extend into other forms of crisis care as well."}
+{"id": "215784", "text": "The study was conducted after ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical review board of Institute of Health in Jimma University. Then official letter from the postgraduate coordinating office of institute of health was written to head office of prison administration. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prisoners. Confidentiality was ensured to all participants. Prisoners with paranoia and hallucination who are in need of mental health care were linked to psychiatric clinic in Jimma University Medical Center."}
+{"id": "215785", "text": "Our primary objective was to determine the extent to which people experiencing a mood disorder report being stigmatized. Our secondary objective was to compare stigmatizing experiences of people with a major depressive disorder to those with a bipolar disorder. We hypothesized that having a bipolar disorder would be associated with more stigma than having unipolar depression. We also hypothesized that earlier onset, unemployment, and previous hospitalizations would be associated with greater stigma. A third objective was to further assess the psychometric qualities (specifically, the internal reliability) of the Inventory of Stigmatizing Experiences in a sample of people with mood disorders. The Inventory of Stigmatizing Experiences was developed as a way to measure the impact of stigma and discrimination from the perspective of someone with a mental illness [26]. In previous testing the Inventory scales were found to be highly reliable in a heterogeneous sample with a variety of mental illnesses."}
+{"id": "215856", "text": "Of the many factors that played a role in participants’ willingness to talk about trauma, having people in their life that were trusted and considered willing to listen, played the most important role in terms of disclosure. Participants who had the opportunity to discuss trauma usually confided in family and support groups or tried to approach a professional. Disclosure to family and support groups was facilitated by perceiving a safe environment and being around someone trustworthy or who had been through similar events. Discussing trauma was also facilitated by having a supportive professional, who participants described as a person who is kind, patient and interested, who asks questions without being perceived as judgemental. Sylvia describes which characteristics in a professional facilitate trauma disclosure:"}
+{"id": "216011", "text": "As the determinants of suicide are many, spanning neurobiology, psychology and social factors, it is not surprising that there is a tension between where our research effort should be focused. A number of contributors argued for an increase in attention to the neurobiological determinants of suicide as these would inform treatment targets and a reduced focus on epidemiology. As noted above, no one discipline has all of the answers so it is important that all areas receive attention."}
+{"id": "216026", "text": "Considering the nature of MHPPs’ work and the fact that resilience arises from the operation of adaptational systems, we tested the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between stress and resilience."}
+{"id": "216027", "text": "This paper describes the use of holistic, non-medical interventions to improve the mental health and wellbeing of military veterans. A regional project has been identified that will support improved access to both psychological treatments and interventions addressing the wider determinants of mental health. The authors acknowledge the strength of the veteran identity and entrenched social identity assimilated through military service. Through the proposed use of veteran peer-support, the Ty Gwalia project will be coproduced in collaboration with local veteran voluntary organisations, as an empowering lead within the suggested therapeutic framework. Ty Gwalia has the potential to become fully integrated as a pathway for primary care and social prescribing practices, and will strengthen the links between healthcare providers and community, voluntary and statutory services. The project is of importance in seeking to meet what is likely to be an upsurge of mental health issues for military veterans as they deal with the visual reporting of the withdraw from Afghanistan."}
+{"id": "216035", "text": "The findings of this study emphasize that policies during periods of recession should focus on support and improved conditions for vulnerable groups such as temporary workers. Healthcare cutbacks should be avoided in order to prevent increased prevalence of poor mental health among the population."}
+{"id": "216062", "text": "This participant revealed that a frame of mind could be impactful when deciding how they wanted to adapt to regulations where they had no control."}
+{"id": "216142", "text": "The mediation findings emphasize the role of diverse media-based coping strategies in the relationships between stress, anxiety, and psychological well-being. Both reframing and humor coping suppressed the effect of anxiety on negative well-being outcomes, specifically affect and mental health. On the other hand, escapist and avoidant coping styles had negative indirect effects of stress and anxiety on affect and mental health. These findings suggest that differentiating media-based coping styles has the potential to explicate the diverse outcomes associated with media use in times of distress – and potentially address the underlying complexity which drives the conflicting findings associating media use and well-being in other literature. Previous contradictory findings on the role of media use as a coping mechanism may be due to different coping strategies used by the individuals experiencing negative mood states. These findings emphasize the need for future work to further explore the boundary conditions and individual predictors of functional versus detrimental forms of media use for stress coping."}
+{"id": "216226", "text": "Moreover, our findings show that increasing prosocial behavior prevents children staying at a low sociometric position among peers, which in turn helps to reduce their risk of developing depressive and aggressive symptoms. Previous studies showed that prolonged poor peer preference predicted depressive and aggressive symptoms (Burks et al. 1995; Burt and Roisman 2010; Ladd and Troop-Gordon 2003; Van Lier and Koot 2010). This study extends this knowledge by confirming these previous findings while showing simultaneously that this pathway depended upon children’s ability to change their behavior in a prosocial manner. Our findings also suggest that the indirect pathways from low peer preference to depression and aggression may be differentially sensitive to change in prosocial behavior. The present study found a significant buffering effect of change in prosocial behavior on the pathways to both depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior. However, while the buffering effect on depressive symptoms was evident for many children, including those with average and high levels of change, probing results of aggression showed that in order to buffer the effect of low social preference on aggression, children need to improve their prosocial behavior at least above the average trend. This indicates a somewhat higher threshold for the buffering effect towards aggression compared to effects towards depression. This suggests that in order to prevent the impact of peer social stresses on psychopathological symptoms, different levels of prosocial adjustment may be required to buffer against different target symptoms."}
+{"id": "216570", "text": "Conversely, if nonresponders were on average assumed to start out with older antidepressants, rating them as low satisfaction while gradually moving onto newer drugs as they emerged, such a sequence of reviews would counteract the correlations as observed in this study, which would point at the actual causal factors being of sufficient import to compensate."}
+{"id": "216658", "text": "Online search activity holds promise for gathering objective and easily accessed indicators of psychiatric symptoms. Utilizing search activity as collateral behavioral health information would represent a major advancement in efforts to capitalize on objective digital data to improve mental health monitoring."}
+{"id": "216972", "text": "Students were recruited before the beginning of their third year of medicine, which began with a two week introductory course. All students were given the same standard training during this two-week course by the medical school. Material relating to psychiatry and mental illness during this course was minimal and consisted of a brief introduction without any contact from service users or caregivers. Third year medical students were chosen because at this particular medical school their psychiatry rotation/clerkship took place in the third year hence we did not want them to have had clinical contact with patients which could confound the results."}
+{"id": "217171", "text": "These quotes represent the fear that doctors have of being given a mental health diagnosis or perceiving themselves as weak. Compared to the previous theme, which represented a perceived stigma, this theme presents an internalised fear of how doctors may perceive themselves for seeking help and feel weaker as a result."}
+{"id": "217384", "text": "It is concluded that Discrimination and Internalized Stigma is affecting different life domains of the patients diagnosed with Depression so sustainable and affective approaches are required to prevent, reduce and eliminate the Discrimination and Stigma faced by people with Mental Illness."}
+{"id": "217463", "text": "It was evident that engagement with PLANS was not only influenced by understandings of health problems but also dependent on timing and the stage of life. Participants in the study trial were generally older and many reported losing touch with previously valued interests and pastimes. It was not uncommon for participants to report a gradual decline in their personal networks due to poor health, retirement or bereavement and this left many feeling emotionally and physically vulnerable and lacking in confidence about socialising or trying new things:"}
+{"id": "217603", "text": "The family caregivers gave many examples of feeling elevated by the intervention groups. They were able to exchange experiences and share suggestions of what could be done to manage and prepare for difficult situations with each other as well as with the health professionals. There were often emotional moments, both crying and laughter occurred in open discussions about sensitive matters such as the upcoming death of their ill family member. The professionals witnessed several situations when a participant was consoled and supported by the group. A daughter caring for her father believed the intervention gave a sense of togetherness and the atmosphere of the group was described as warm and tolerant of sharing experiences in confidentiality.“Something I thought presented itself very clearly is that you are not alone in feeling bad when you are not going to visit your dad. Those conversations were a relief, they gave confirmation. No, I am not selfish just because I want to do my own things as well. Perhaps that was the greatest reward.”"}
+{"id": "217687", "text": "A final merit of a comprehensive ethical analysis is that other ethical considerations which have not been prominent in the ethical debates concerning psychopharmacological research in children and adolescents can be raised. One example of this is the issue of Altruism. The current system of ethics oversight of research, in its preoccupation with protection of research participants, does not allow for much consideration of altruism on the part of the participant. This is particularly the case when the research participants are considered vulnerable or may lack competence. When this happens, the only rationale which appears to be an acceptable justification for research is benefit for the individual or, at most, for others who suffer from the same condition. People, however, often have more noble motives. Many children and young people are highly idealistic and altruistic, and even though their protection is important, it is also important to allow children and young people opportunities to develop a sense of citizenship and make contributions to society. Research shows that children and their parents are prepared to consider undergoing some risk or discomfort in order to participate in medical research which would be of benefit to others but not themselves [60]."}
+{"id": "217814", "text": "Previous efforts for modeling disease progression in AD have focused on predicting changes in predefined outcomes such as the ADAS-Cog11 score or the probability of conversion from MCI to AD. Here, we have demonstrated that an approach based on unsupervised machine learning can create stochastic simulations of entire patient trajectories that achieve the same level of performance on individual prediction tasks as specific models while also accurately capturing correlations between variables. Machine learning-based generative models provide much more information than specific models, thereby enabling a simultaneous and detailed assessment of different risks."}
+{"id": "218036", "text": "Sometimes the unavailability of medicine was attributed to the small budget set aside for this purpose. This small amount of money could purchase very little medicine needed by a large number of patients who attend the mental health clinic. In addition, the chronic nature of mental illness makes patients use the medications for extended period of time, as explained by a mental health provider:"}
+{"id": "218084", "text": "Studies investigating comparative interventions could use a breathing pacer app for smartphone use, which could assess paced breathing alone in comparison with HRV biofeedback. Future investigations should capture device data, enabling information to be gathered regarding length and type of breathing practice, which may help to address questions relating to any dose-response relationship for HRV biofeedback. Finally, this initial study only targeted young people aged 13 to 24 years with no known learning disability. A key step in further work will be to assess this methodology and intervention in other groups of people with ASD, such as older adults and people with intellectual disability."}
+{"id": "218105", "text": "Understanding the barriers to access to mental healthcare in a primary care setting from the outset significantly enhances the focus on equity. The approach helps to identify vulnerable groups like people with disabilities and perinatal women who might experience unique challenges to access care. Establishing an affordable service within reach, raising awareness and financial support to families from low socioeconomic backgrounds were suggested to improve equitable access to mental healthcare in this group. The introduction of innovative approaches such as telephone consultations with psychiatric nurses based in the nearby towns was also mentioned essential. We hope that the next step would be to evaluate whether the programme succeeds in providing equitable access to mental healthcare from the dimensions of treatment initiation, retention in care and benefit from care."}
+{"id": "218135", "text": "Given the constraints of existing educational and contact-based interventions, our study sought to explore the social process of stigma including how stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours influence the healthcare experience. By exploring implicit stigma in a specific and targeted setting (paediatric emergency department) with diverse participant groups, we endeavoured to develop a deeper understanding of mental illness stigma to inform future educational interventions and reduce the adverse impact of stigma on patient outcomes."}
+{"id": "218226", "text": "On the day of administration, a questionnaire and an envelope were distributed to each student in the selected classes. Students were asked to sit at the two ends of the table to avoid seeing each other’s responses and use the envelope to cover their answers if needed. Those who did not want to participate or whose parents did not give permission for them to participate were asked to leave the questionnaire blank, place it and the parent-signed withdrawal form into the envelope and complete other academic activities quietly. Those who agreed to participate were given instructions on how to complete the questionnaire. The survey was conducted during a normal class session. All students were asked to place the questionnaire into the envelope, seal it and return it to the researchers at the end of the class session."}
+{"id": "218268", "text": "In case of the 23 adult patients, the delay between the onset of symptoms and the first contact with a care provider ranged from a few hours to 14 years with a median delay of 6 months and a mean delay of 23 months. The delay in reaching psychiatric care ranged from 1 week to 14 years, with a median delay of 12 months and a mean delay of 37 months."}
+{"id": "218572", "text": "Ultimately, we have demonstrated that there is significant information related to emphysema distribution encoded in lung CT scans above and beyond what is captured using just %LAA that is relevant to pulmonary function and patient quality of life. Of the available methods that attempt to quantify some aspect of spatial heterogeneity of emphysema distribution, the spatial clustering characteristics originally developed by Vestal et al. and further explored here were the strongest. However, our results also suggest that a combination of ACS from the point process model and the power law exponent D generate the strongest quantitative emphysema phenotype and show the potential to be powerful imaging biomarkers. In future work, we aim to establish both genetic and genomic associations with these new imaging metrics, and to examine their ability to describe disease progression, where we expect changes in ACS within a subject to be associated with worsening pulmonary function, by leveraging the longitudinal follow-up scans from these same individuals in the later phases of COPDGene."}
+{"id": "218588", "text": "There was agreement across the respondents that there is lack of a robust investigation and follow up to monitor decrease in smoking."}
+{"id": "218758", "text": "There is accumulating evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One current hypothesis is that the increased oxidant burden in these patients is not adequately counterbalanced by the lung antioxidant systems."}
+{"id": "218762", "text": "It is a safe simple and practical test of sub maximal functional capacity, which measures the maximum distance walked by a subject in 6 minutes. Advantage of this test is that it provides an acceptable index of functional disability and correlates with oxygen uptake measured during comprehensive testing. This test gives very limited information regarding physiological contributors to activity related symptoms or about mechanism of exercise limitation. Currently this test is used in lung transplantation, lung volume reduction surgery, pulmonary rehabilitation and in predicting mortality in cardiac patients and patients with pulmonary vascular disorders."}
+{"id": "218867", "text": "Most participants stated that TB could be spread through drinking alcohol or smoking which is in line with other studies34–36. One third of the participants stated that TB is hereditary which is also consistent with studies in Philippines37 and Indonesia38. Associating TB with alcohol consumption, smoking and heredity is a misconception as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes the disease, is spread through air when an infected person releases the organisms for example through coughing. Furthermore, our study found that most participants thought that having sexual intercourse with a TB infected person could result into TB infection corroborating with findings from a study in Zambia39. Although our study did not assess the link between TB and sexual behaviour, a survey in the United States of America found many HIV negative TB patients reporting risky sexual behaviours40 which warrants further investigation. Despite the above misconceptions about the causes and transmission of TB, many participants also knew that TB could be transmitted from one person to another, and that it could be cured. These gaps in knowledge underscore the need for more robust health education programmes to stress the correct cause and transmission of TB among patients and the general population."}
+{"id": "218903", "text": "This study estimated overall health care expenditures of unselected COPD patients enrolled in a structured German DMP for COPD in different severity grades using real world data. Progression of COPD is associated with tremendous costs for third party payers, but even more for society as indirect costs exceed direct costs almost 2 times in grade 3 and 4 and more than 3 times in grade 1 and 2. Adjusting for major comorbidities did not decrease the effect of more pronounced disease severity of COPD on costs, so that comorbidities independently added to the direct as well as indirect costs."}
+{"id": "218958", "text": "It is important for further research to be conducted that focuses on the views of nurses who are caring for patients having TB, so as to obtain a broader view of challenges facing the DOTS programme. Research exploring support of nurses caring for patients having TB is also recommended. Equally, research on patient satisfaction with the service in rural areas needs to be conducted so as to obtain a broader view on challenges facing the health services."}
+{"id": "219138", "text": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of emergency hospital medical admissions and readmissions worldwide. Preventing COPD readmissions following an exacerbation has been identified as an international priority to limit the physical deterioration of patients and to contain costs. In an effort to curb hospital readmissions health service payments to United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) hospitals for patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge have been restricted since 2011 under the Payment by Results scheme. This is especially the case for those readmissions judged to be avoidable. In COPD the rate of readmissions within 30 days has been used as a marker of quality of care within the NHS. COPD is an ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC) for which it is considered that hospital admission may be avoided by effective interventions in primary or preventative care. Reductions of up to 18% in emergency admissions for ACSCs have been estimated to be achievable. ACSCs were included as an outcome indicator upon which NHS hospital reimbursement was based as recently as 2014–2015. The reliability of this measure is doubtful as the true proportion of avoidable readmissions is not known. Evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of case-based interventions in reducing admission risk. Smoking is a known risk factor for the development of COPD and is a predictor of COPD exacerbations."}
+{"id": "219249", "text": "It may be particularly difficult to increase compliance in this group as they are already accustomed to CPAP and have settled into a routine, which adds weight to the value of the increased compliance. During the study, these established users were set up on the same treatment settings and mask system that they were using prior to enrolment in the study. This suggests that the changes to compliance were due to the technology improvements in the S9. The limitations of this study were the following: There was no randomisation or blinding of devices, and there was potential influence from receiving clinical care. This study attempted to overcome the lack of no randomisation and blinding by measuring the objective outcome of usage, and subjects were not informed of this objective. The investigators attempted to overcome any clinical care influence by using a sequential ABA protocol, where subjects continued to receive the same amount of clinical care, and access to a helpline, when they resumed use on their own PAP device. Subjects were all volunteers who had joined a registry of CPAP patients interested in taking part in research. Although this may suggest that these subjects could be biased towards new technologies, similar studies run by the researchers have found that subjects of clinical trials to test potential new products are often very critical of products which are not yet commercially available, as they have very high expectations and a personal desire to have improved PAP products. It is possible that the effect of being in a study and receiving clinical care may have lead to the non-significant 9-min increase in compliance from the patient's usual device pre-S9 when they were not enrolled in the study to post-S9 when they were in the study receiving clinical care; however, this does not account for the significant increase in usage of 21 min from the S9 to the patient's usual device post-S9, as patients were receiving clinical care during both of these study phases. In future studies, a randomised, blinded protocol should be used in order to remove any potential influence of clinical care."}
+{"id": "219434", "text": "The output data of our AI algorithm is described with the help of seven indexes describing pathological breath sound intensities. Four base indexes represent the intensities of the four basic types of adventitious breath sounds present in an auscultation examination, namely:"}
+{"id": "219655", "text": "The manuscripts generated by the SORT IT project have played a positive role in the control of the following diseases such as Tuberculosis, HIV, malaria, flu and schistosomiasis. One manuscript provided evidence to the revision of the Working Guidelines for the National Program for Prevention of Mother-to-Child, and another one informed the development of China’s control and prevention strategy for imported malaria in the context of malaria elimination. There was also a manuscript that have been directly cited by the Recommendation Report on the Flu Vaccine Immunization Strategy through Fall and Winter, and Report to Recommend the Priority Groups to be Inoculated with the Flu Vaccine through Fall and Winter. The two documents have provided key technical support for National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China to develop the flu control technical guidelines, bring the outbreak of respiratory diseases under control and minimize the damages from the outbreak to the health of the Chinese population."}
+{"id": "219831", "text": "Implementation of the urban DOTS model in the densely populated city of Kabul contributed to the institutionalization of TB service delivery within the public and private health sectors. Health facilities in these sectors provided sustainable TB care to their clients, which ultimately improved access to high-quality free TB services. Furthermore, it led to improvements in TB case notification and the TSR in a challenging setting. Based on these successes, it is strongly recommended that DOTS implementation be expanded to other countries and cities in Afghanistan with conditions similar to those of Kabul. The yield of contact screening is also high, and we recommend that it be implemented nationwide. More effort is needed to further improve the treatment success and cure rates in Kabul, which remain lower than the national averages."}
+{"id": "219874", "text": "Vitamin D is an essential nutritional supplement that strengthens the bones and is vital for calcium and bone homeostasis. Substantial evidence supports the role of low vitamin D content with compromised immunity and increased risk of illness. The role of vitamin D has been explored in immune function like deficiency of this vitamin has been linked to increased susceptibility to infection. An association between vitamin D content and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection risk has also been observed (Pham et al., 2019)."}
+{"id": "219917", "text": "Starting ART early in treatment naïve individuals, prompt detection of virologic failure on ART and providing IPT along with ART will be useful in reducing incident TB. Efforts from private sector are crucial in achieving Sustainable Development Goals set by Government of India and attaining the vision of a TB free India."}
+{"id": "219960", "text": "The pooled analysis revealed that lung cancer patients with concomitant COPD had an increased risk of developing IRP when undergoing immunotherapy, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.54 [95% CI (1.24, 1.92), P < 0.01, Fig. 2]. This result suggests a substantially higher probability of IRP occurrence in patients with concurrent COPD."}
+{"id": "219975", "text": "Left ventricular ejection fraction assessed with any imaging technique remains as an important criterion to identify the patients at risk of having ventricular arrhythmias or SCD.3 However, a significant proportion of patients with reduced LVEF who receive an ICD for primary prevention may not experience an appropriate therapy. In contrast, patients with relatively preserved LVEF or patients without structural heart disease and normal LVEF may experience life-threatening arrhythmias. Advanced echocardiographic imaging techniques evaluating the active deformation of the myocardium provided the incremental value over LVEF for risk stratification in a variety of patients with cardiac disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance and particularly, the use of LGE have provided further characterization of the arrhythmogenic substrate with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Current guidelines support the role of these imaging techniques to accurately assess patients at risk of SCD."}
+{"id": "220265", "text": "Azeredo infers that intense progressive muscular activity starting from the residual volume, increases the alveoli pressure that is directly proportional to the contractile force of the muscles."}
+{"id": "220267", "text": "Regional left ventricular function can be calculated with the myocardial velocity gradient or by strain rate imaging [47]. Strain is a change in length corrected for the original length or the fractional or percentage change from the original or unstressed dimension and reflects deformation of a structure. Strain rate is the rate of this deformation and is a strong index of left ventricular contractility."}
+{"id": "220356", "text": "The rate of CPAP adherence remains persistently low over twenty years worth of reported data. No clinically significant improvement in CPAP adherence was seen even in recent years despite efforts toward behavioral intervention and patient coaching. This low rate of adherence is problematic, and calls into question the concept of CPAP as gold-standard of therapy for OSA."}
+{"id": "220483", "text": "From a total of 83 hospitals, there were 2,213 cases of mesothelioma from 2012 onwards. During the 2012–2016 period, the number of reported cases in the Cancer Registry was 54, whereas 1,126 cases were reported by these hospitals for this period. Only 21% of the hospitals assessed in this study were part of the population-based national cancer registry programme. Overall, cases of mesothelioma occur far more frequently than are reported in  cancer registries.\n\nCONCLUSION: National record-keeping is inadequate and the system needs to be expanded and improved across all of India. This will provide more effective reporting and help to highlight the risk of exposure to asbestos."}
+{"id": "220500", "text": "For FEV1, the rate of recovery in phase three was observed to most depend on the age of the patient at diagnosis with younger children showing a much slower rate of improvement compared to older children. The association of younger age with reduced lung function and increased pulmonary complications post cancer therapy has been demonstrated in other studies, where these effects are hypothesized to be secondary to toxic insults to less developmentally mature lungs, resulting in a more lasting effect and potential reduction in growth potential."}
+{"id": "220509", "text": "The latest study brought in some conclusions. It stated that the mere level of dust pollution in buildings with asbestos materials that are actively used is above normal [22]. It recommended that children and young people should not use such buildings. It went on further to state that generally, ventilation helps reduce asbestos dust over time. On the question of whether the asbestos in buildings containing asbestos materials should be removed, the study suggested that if there is no evidence of increased airborne asbestos, the removal from the building materials can be postponed. The study also brought forth the distinction in the types of constructions using asbestos materials. It stated that buildings that are non-rigid, like the ones with steel frames and asbestos as sheds have higher airborne asbestos levels than rigid ones using concrete, which may suggest that agitation leads to more disturbance and hence more release of asbestos fibers."}
+{"id": "220574", "text": "Our study has important clinical implications in the management of unexplained dyspnoea, as accurate identification of the underlying cause has direct consequences on choice of therapy. This is even more relevant in the setting of normal EF, where focused assessment of LV size and systolic function may not suitably explain the patient’s symptoms. While the accuracy of LA pump strain to identify normal filling pressure in preserved EF has recently been suggested, our data add that LASr may also offer additional value when complementing the 2016 ASE/EACVI recommendation as suggested recently by the EACVI recommendations for multimodality imaging in HFpEF."}
+{"id": "220611", "text": "Indirect cost measures lost opportunity cost due to medical disposition or premature death and consists of the indirect COI due to loss of productivity and the indirect COI due to premature death. The former includes reductions in work income for lost hours or days due to outpatient visits or hospitalization related to diagnosis and treatment of a disease. Outpatient visits result in a different amount of lost work time from hospitalization, so the total cost was arrived at by calculating the two separately and adding them together. If a person has two outpatient visits in one day, they were counted as two separate visits. One outpatient visit was assumed to require one-third of a work day. Considering one outpatient visit as equivalent to 1/3 of a day with regard to lost productivity, three outpatient visits were same as one day’s hospitalization."}
+{"id": "220617", "text": "Our intervention is a first of its kind in Pakistan, and among the first globally. Previously, few attempts have been made to address TB in transgender women and MSW. Our work shows that these groups carry a significant burden of both TB and HIV in Pakistan, have low access to services and have high mortality. To address TB in these communities, engagement of community leaders and peer counselors is shown to be effective. Because of how embedded these communities are in Pakistani society, marginalizing these groups is harmful, and poses a challenge to ending TB in the country. We urge more focus on these and other key populations in Pakistan and globally as commitments to eliminate TB and achieve UHC are being made."}
+{"id": "220636", "text": "Intensities of pathological breath sounds from individual recordings are aggregated using an ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator (OWA) and scaled to fit the ground truth examination-level labels to yield a single floating point examination index. The OWA weights that are used to calculate the respiratory indexes is based on continuous scale by non-linear discretization based on the empirical data from tags. The index value ranges from 0.0 when no or very little abnormal sounds are present in the examination to 1.0 for patients with a high number of pathological sounds present. The whole process of determining the indexes values is depicted in Figure 2."}
+{"id": "220639", "text": "The outsourced transfer service from hospital to home was another example with consequences for patient health and wellbeing."}
+{"id": "220899", "text": "This study sought to elicit perceptions of informed persons within the health system regarding health system barriers to protecting health workers from tuberculosis."}
+{"id": "220982", "text": "The managers identified a discordance between the numbers of people screened positive for symptoms in the community and the numbers of patients investigated for TB at the facility. It was unclear how the records monitored successful referrals and ensured follow up of all those that were identified with symptoms of TB. At the provincial level, the general opinion was that more needed to be done within the hospitals to identify TB. One provincial manager queried the relevance of active surveillance for TB in communities, when not enough was being done within facilities. This opinion seemed to result from the impression that resources were inadequate for community level screening and the focus therefore should only be on contact tracing for patients identified with TB in the facility. However, a number of managers at the district level opined that the WBPHCOTs were accepted by communities and provided good coverage, despite the challenges they faced:"}
+{"id": "220992", "text": "The goal of zero TB deaths requires the careful evaluation of death across the TB care cascade. Failing to go beyond the evaluation of case fatality ratios in individuals who are on TB treatment and have been registered will continue to substantially under report the burden of TB deaths. We found that one in five patients diagnosed with TB did not link to the routine TB services within 30 days of their diagnosis; 12% of whom died within 30 days and a further 5% died after 30 days, reflecting a staggering 17% mortality. Individuals diagnosed with TB in hospitals are a modest proportion of all diagnosed TB but contribute excessively to TB mortality, especially early mortality among those ILTFU. While a hospital-based diagnosis of TB likely reflects more severe TB disease, patients diagnosed at hospital, especially those who present to a hospital for their first engagement with health services, present an opportunity to identify TB patients at highest risk of early and overall mortality. The provision of additional treatment interventions, support, and facilitators of linkage to care for adults and children diagnosed with TB in hospital are needed. The registration of TB patients in-hospital at the time of their diagnosis is an important intervention to support linkage to TB services to reduce early mortality and ensure that when occurring, early on-treatment mortality is recorded."}
+{"id": "221058", "text": "Up until recently incidences of tuberculosis (TB) had been declining for many years in Germany. The rise in TB cases coincided with a large increase in the number of people applying for asylum. We combine data from various sources to estimate the at-entry prevalence of TB for asylum seekers from 18 countries of origin and rely on survey data to explain the varying risk of suffering from TB. Our results reveal that asylum seekers from Eastern Africa show a much higher risk of suffering from TB than asylum seekers from Afghanistan, Syria, or Iraq. The survey data suggests that asylum seekers from Africa were by far more underprivileged in their respective countries of origin and experienced a higher risk of contracting TB on their way to Germany. Information about the socio-economic situation and the circumstances of the journey to Germany may help to improve TB surveillance."}
+{"id": "221151", "text": "The Patient’s Rights Act provides and allows a legal possibility to transfer medical information between agencies, and the Freedom of Information Act establishes the right of every citizen or resident to receive information held by public authorities, including for research purposes. Most researchers are not aware of this legal right. In addition, most patients are not just unable to express their desire or wish for use of their medical data, but are not even aware of the barriers for utilizing their medical data, and its potential beyond the direct clinical need of treatment."}
+{"id": "221230", "text": "The finding that higher RWT was significantly associated with older age and higher blood pressure agree with previous reports from epidemiological studies in North American Indians.3 Importantly though, as demonstrated by multivariate analysis in our study, independent associations between increased RWT and measures of systolic and diastolic LV function were found irrespective of presence or absence of LV hypertrophy or hypertension. This is an important finding because it emphasises the need to further stratify patients into the different LV geometric patterns, rather than by presence or absence of LV hypertrophy alone. The finding is particularly important in the African diabetes context, as concentric remodelling (increased RWT with normal LVMI) was found to be the most common abnormal LV geometric pattern in the present study, as also previously reported among African American hypertensive patients.4"}
+{"id": "221268", "text": "We found that refugees face fewer barriers to accessing TB treatment than migrants. For both migrants and refugees, legal status plays an important intermediary role in influencing the population’s ability to access care and eligibility for treatment. Our results suggest that there is a large geographical catchment area for migrants who seek TB treatment in Tak province that extends beyond provincial boundaries. Migrant participants described their ability to seek care as linked to the financial and non-financial resources required to travel and undergo treatment. Patients identified language of health services, availability of free or low cost services, and psychosocial support as important health system characteristics that affect accessibility."}
+{"id": "221445", "text": "It is essential with these measures to respect the right to health and guarantee a right to appeal for the patient [45]. Though it may be a challenge for local and national governments alike to provide adequate legal representation for their citizens regardless of socio-economic status, it is still an imperative piece of any TB control framework. To address this and ensure that containments are equitable and only required in rare circumstances where other methods have failed, additional mechanisms need to be built into the framework. The framework should empower NTPs to first monitor any requests for containment, and to ensure that each patient is adequately and fairly treated. The NTP must monitor the authorities and patients while under containment, and provide yearly updates to a coordinating body of representatives from among the signatory countries. In the context of our proposed Framework, involving counseling sessions for non-adherent patients, and the involvement of Civil Societies as treatment supporters in the communities, the number of patients needing to be contained should remain very small."}
+{"id": "221590", "text": "Environmental asbestos exposure can cause the grave lung and pleura malignancies with a high mortality rate, and it is also associated with increased rate of other organ malignancies. Asbestos exposure can develop genotoxic effects and damage in the pleura and lungs."}
+{"id": "221744", "text": "Our study found stigma to TB infection was mostly associated with HIV infection, since the general community perception is that anyone testing positive for TB is also HIV infected. As much as the perception is incorrect because HIV-TB coinfection is estimated at 40% in East Africa, it shapes the attitudes in the negative direction.36 This contrasts the TB stigma in West Africa where TB is associated with ethnic or family curse, being grossly unhygienic and very contagious so much that even healthcare practitioners shun working with TB patients.37 Consequently, stigma make people more inclined to keeping their ailment a secret and reduces willingness to seek medical care. This in turn stops or delays access to appropriate diagnostic and treatment services.17 18 38 39 We believe poor understanding of the causes and signs of disease like TB creates a knowledge gap that people tend to fill with superstition and stigma. Those purposed to have knowledge such as healthcare practitioners, their stigma may be driven by lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for which they ensure safety by avoiding patients with contagious diseases like TB. Sensitisation of both community and healthcare practitioners coupled with provision of appropriate PPE would go a long way in resolving the stigma issue."}
+{"id": "222153", "text": "The EORTC QLQ-C30 and PROMIS-29 are two instruments that measure HRQL with a focus on different populations, which is why the QLQ-C30 covers a broader spectrum of dimensions and the instruments shall not be seen as redundant. Our research showed similar scores and satisfactory agreement in conceptual and statistical analysis between the two instruments. This suggests that the underlying conceptualization of health is reasonably close. Hence, the development of score transformation algorithms or calibration of overall HRQOL domains of both instruments on common scales could prospectively increase the comparability of clinical and research PRO data collected with either one and increase flexibility when choosing an instrument. The datasets analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to data privacy regulations but can be made available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."}
+{"id": "222204", "text": "Once PTB patients were diagnosed at the TB hospitals and registered at Songjiang CDC, the CHC doctors from the community where the patients lived would be informed instantly through the TBMIS and were required to meet the patients within 3 days to build the relationship and screen patients who met the enrolment criteria. The eligible patient was invited by CHC doctors to choose one study group to participate in. Enrolled patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about demographic information and followed for the whole treatment. The CHC doctors routinely appointed a family member as the treatment observer, who was trained to remind the patients to take daily medicine and visit the TB hospital monthly. Patients who lived alone were under self-administered treatment. The CHC doctors visited patients every 10 days during intensive phases and once a month during continuous phases to evaluate their adherence by checking medication calendars, medical records, and residual pills. They also offered medical support including instructions about adverse drug reactions, infection control, nutrition, and psychological problems. Patients were encouraged to contact CHC doctors at any time for help. CDC staff had no impact on the individual interventions."}
+{"id": "222707", "text": "The CNRs of childhood TB were low in Sidama. Children less than 5 years old had a higher proportion of deaths. Efforts need to be made to improve the diagnosis and treatment of TB among children."}
+{"id": "222938", "text": "Over 70 years of research has demonstrated that occupational asbestos exposure is an important cause of lung cancer mortality. Lung cancer deaths occur today as a result of widespread exposure in past decades and will persist due to continuing exposure to asbestos in many countries. Annual low-dose CT scanning reduces lung cancer mortality in the general population, as conclusively shown in studies that focus on age and smoking as the chief determinants of lung cancer risk. Indeed, age and smoking remain the foundational risk factors for lung cancer screening at present in the United States. Risk prediction models developed from large studies of lung cancer offer the opportunity to include additional risk factors such as asbestos exposure to define eligible populations, but their field implementation has only recently begun."}
+{"id": "223336", "text": "This survey provides more accurate TB prevalence estimates as well as insights on the associated health seeking behavior of TB patients and those reporting symptoms. The survey further characterizes persons identified with TB that are not yet detected by the National TB Program (NTP) while providing a platform for measuring the impact of TB control activities and progress towards meeting TB control targets. The findings provide a rare opportunity to critically re-engineer TB control strategies and provide a robust response towards the detection and treatment of all TB cases, placing Kenya on the road towards ending TB."}
+{"id": "223371", "text": "The results obtained confirm that the selected metrics yield an adequate accuracy, being weighted as indicated by the best solution obtained using the proposed optimization technique. The tests carried out with the proposed method yielded better results than those previously established for a wide set of scientific articles from a well-known medical journal."}
+{"id": "223503", "text": "Evaluation confirmed that STEPS is a low cost and patient-centric strategy. STEPS successfully addressed the gaps in the quality of care for patients seeking care in the private sector and ensured that services are aligned with the standards of TB care. STEPS could be scaled up to similar settings."}
+{"id": "223508", "text": "We began the millennium with the National Emphysema Treatment Trial and added lung volume reduction surgery as a disease-modifying therapy to the treatment of COPD."}
+{"id": "223863", "text": "Our participants mentioned that a higher remuneration should be applied amongst healthcare service providers who manage a risky disease. Given that TB pathogen can potentially infect them and spread the disease to their family, they thought that TB is a higher risk service than other services at the CHC level. Thus, the amount of remuneration should be adjusted on the basis of the potential risks:"}
+{"id": "224469", "text": "The management of TB poses global health challenges but also ethical and legal ones. Though existing guidelines on TB prevention, care and control exist, further action is needed in order to make these guidelines internationally enforceable and justiciable, which is where a framework convention on TB control is needed. The FCTC can serve as an example for what such a convention can look like and how it can be implemented, being the first convention issued by the WHO. Such a framework needs to establish specific procedures and secure the rights and duties of all stakeholders."}
+{"id": "224569", "text": "Direct costs of OSA include costs of OSA diagnosis and management, including provider consultation, sleep apnea testing, device and supply costs (e.g. continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] or oral appliance [OA] therapy), prescription medications, and so on."}
+{"id": "224727", "text": "There have been enormous improvements in pediatric and adolescent TB data and estimates over the last decade. These have helped to quantify the extent of the TB epidemic in this age group and plan interventions to address their specific needs, as well as motivating research in this previously neglected age group. We have the opportunity to capitalize on these advances to further improve data collection tools, improve the quality of data, collect additional data where possible and use the data for country-level action to end TB among children and adolescents."}
+{"id": "224836", "text": "As a measure of value, ICERs reflect the cost per QALY."}
+{"id": "225088", "text": "The cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) approach is considered as the gold standard for the value evaluation of pharmaceuticals. The estimation of the cost per additional health outcome defined as QALY allows payers to make pricing and reimbursement decisions by using a simple cost per QALY threshold and allocating budgets across different therapeutic areas with the same standardized approach. Namely, the QALY provides a generic approach with the added value of a given health technology being measured solely by the improvement in the mortality and quality of life. However, we may provokingly ask whether such a simplified approach that focuses solely on the clinical outcome can be adapted to the field of digital health as well."}
+{"id": "225253", "text": "The Global Plan to Stop TB estimates funding required in low- and middle-income countries to achieve TB control targets set by the Stop TB Partnership within the context of the Millennium Development Goals. We estimate the contribution and impact of Global Fund investments under various scenarios of allocations across interventions and regions."}
+{"id": "225289", "text": "Other clinical uses have included management of chronic lung conditions like CF, bronchiolitis obliterans, OSAHS, obesity and systemic sclerosis all of which are associated with respiratory complications. Lung function tests assessing vulnerable groups such as children born preterm, those living with HIV or exposed in utero and those with a history of pulmonary TB and other early life lower respiratory tract infections are lacking in children from LMIC."}
+{"id": "225511", "text": "The identification of LA chamber functional alterations in HT patients without a history of PAF could identify subjects for whom a therapeutic regimen interfering with the wall remodeling could be useful. In fact, delaying or preventing AF onset in these patients may have a huge economic and social impact."}
+{"id": "226248", "text": "Cardiovascular and lung ultrasound with hemodynamic assessment is a low cost comprehensive tool, which should be more widely used in heart failure clinics for the early detection of congestion signs before the development of clinical deterioration. The evidence suggests that subclinical congestion may be present in most of the clinical scenarios in both the outpatient period and after hospital discharge. The review of the currently accepted prognostic markers shows a limited significance of each of these parameters in clinical and predictive assessment."}
+{"id": "226286", "text": "In conclusion, we identified 9 genetically susceptible loci for COPD and constructed COPD prediction models that comprised SNPs and clinical factors, including ambient air pollution. The KNN, LR and XGboost models showed excellent overall predictive power. We also identified that clinical features were more important than SNPs in predicting COPD development. Our study also revealed that these machine learning tools showed good performance for COPD risk prediction and could potentially be beneficial for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD in the Chinese population in the near feature."}
+{"id": "226677", "text": "Assessment of the prognostic value of these HFpEF-associated proteins for clinical outcomes revealed markers of angiogenesis to be significant. CLSTN2 was associated with incident HF hospitalization, HFpEF hospitalization and mortality across our study cohorts. CLSTN2 is predominantly expressed in neurons and is involved in synaptic transmission, but is also expressed in adipose and cardiac tissue. Through its role as a cadherin and adhesion molecule, CLSTN2 may contribute to extracellular matrix remodeling following pro-angiogenic stimuli and therefore warrants further evaluation in preclinical and clinical HFpEF research. VEGFD, a secreted regulator of angiogenesis, was associated with HFpEF and incident HF in the present analyses. VEGFD stimulates cardiac fibrosis and has a growing body of support in HF and pulmonary hypertension. Incorporation of extracellular matrix degradation pathway and matrix biomarker profiling into HF and HFpEF prognostication has been proposed previously and the results of the present study support these efforts."}
+{"id": "226742", "text": "The annual per patient direct costs were calculated for each healthcare resource measure, by multiplying the frequency of use in the past year by unit costs obtained from local health economics experts in each participating country, global datasets or local prescribing data on medication sales. Each of these costs was combined to provide an estimate of the total annual mean direct cost of COPD per patient."}
+{"id": "226964", "text": "In our retrospective contact tracing cohort from low incidence settings, approximately 10% of all listed contacts were paediatric and 4% were at the most vulnerable age of under 5 years. The European consensus is that TB contacts should be informed within a week after identification of the index case and young children are a high priority in contact tracing [13]. Since young children are prone to rapid and severe disease, those with strong exposure should be evaluated urgently. Contact tracing in the HUS area identified exposed young children quickly: most of the TB infections among the children under 5 years of age were found before progression to disease and none had severe disease forms. Most children under 5 years of age in the household exposure group had first contact investigation visit within a week and the maximum delay for those with either TB disease or infection was 7 days. Our results show that prompt investigations and early diagnosis can be achieved with well-organised contact tracing structure."}
+{"id": "227161", "text": "Patient 3A 33-year-old married man who had lived and worked in Russian Federation for sixteen years together with his family. He was firstly diagnosed with TB in Russian Federation and spent there eight months receiving TB treatment in a private clinic. Treatment was expensive and the drugs received were mostly by intravenous infusions or injections. After spending all the money saved from his several years of work in Russian Federation, he had recently returned to Tajikistan and was on a five-drug treatment regimen including Streptomycin. He indicated that he would like to receive more information on TB and have discussions with his health providers on his treatment."}
+{"id": "227301", "text": "The monthly incidence rates of TB cases in children ranged from 0.29 to 0.61 cases per 100,000 inhabitants during the years studied, with higher rates being observed in the north and midwest regions of the country. Figure 1 presents the time series of cases and the trend for Brazil and its regions. It is possible to observe an increase in the disease in 2018 and 2019 and a trend toward a decrease in cases in 2020, a behavior similarly observed in all regions of the country."}
+{"id": "227641", "text": "Results of this study have some important implications for policies and practices. From this survey, we found that only 31% of the doctors were trained by NTP on management of TB as per the standard guidelines. We did not find any significant differences in the number of doctors trained by NTP in public and private sector. However, those who were trained had more knowledge regarding diagnosis and management of CAT 1 and CAT 2 patients as compared to those who had not received any such training. On the other hand, we did not find any significant differences in the knowledge of contact screening and counseling between the two groups. Contact screening and counseling are important facets of TB prevention and treatment adherence [33]. Intensification of doctor’s knowledge on these aspects of TB care may prevent default and emergence of MDR TB."}
+{"id": "227656", "text": "Herein we present the case of a previously healthy athletic young adult male who developed acute liver failure and rhabdomyolysis in the setting of adenovirus infection. We also present a novel return to play protocol after ER, developed in conjunction with nephrologists, with graded increases in aerobic and anaerobic activity and utilizing repeat laboratory testing, to determine a patient’s return to sport."}
+{"id": "227792", "text": "Significant societal benefits could be achieved if COPD were diagnosed earlier and managed appropriately as this may enable individuals to optimise their ability to remain in active employment. Health professionals should ensure they have the skills to recognise the considerable burden COPD incurs, and the knowledge to treat sufferers effectively. This in turn should be supported by a commitment to invest in appropriate and accessible health services, including preventative health and to develop workplace strategies which enable people with COPD to remain in active employment for longer."}
+{"id": "227836", "text": "The use of spirometry to confirm COPD diagnosis has increased over time, indicating improved implementation of COPD guidelines. At risk of not undergoing a diagnostic spirometry were current smokers, patients with low education and those managed in primary care. There is still a need for continuous medical educational activities to increase diagnostic accuracy."}
+{"id": "228086", "text": "From this study, it was understood that there was a gap in addressing all household contacts which resulted in low household contact tracing of index TB cases. Also, the study explored a wide range of possible barriers and facilitators for it. Explored barriers outweigh the facilitators which might have an implication facilitating the dissemination of TB silently within the community. This underscores the importance of taking action to avert those barriers by developing different strategies to increase TB contact tracing. Therefore, health care providers improve the implementation of contact tracing by designing and developing appropriate strategies that should fit the local context."}
+{"id": "228135", "text": "The aim of this analysis was to examine the certified causes of death of patients diagnosed with mesothelioma, and assess the validity of mortality data as a proxy for data on mesothelioma incidence."}
+{"id": "228211", "text": "In conclusion, the introduction of the Xpert as a screening test for pulmonary TB promoted the early diagnosis and isolation of patients with pulmonary TB. Application of the Xpert for TB screening is expected to reduce in-hospital TB transmission as well as the cost and labor for investigation of TB contacts."}
+{"id": "228302", "text": "COVID-19 control strategy has variable effects on TB dynamics and management. Health service disruption due to reallocation of resources for COVID-19 care and strong restriction of movement may limit the availability of services. This results in delayed diagnosis and treatment of active and latent TB cases. On the other hand, interventions such as social distancing and wearing a mask have the potential to decrease the transmission of TB by reducing contact among individuals in the community."}
+{"id": "228380", "text": "The model enables MOH and stakeholders to access and use reports to identify common gaps and prioritize resources for improvement."}
+{"id": "228403", "text": "Start of anti-TB treatment, TPT or a decision to receive neither was achieved in 57% of HHC within 7 days of screening. Overall, 24% of screened HHCs in the ‘7-1-7’ period started TPT compared with 16% in a historical control (P < 0.01). Barriers to achieving ‘7-1-7’ included HHC reluctance for evaluation or TPT, refusal of private providers to prescribe TPT and reliance on facility-based screening of HHCs instead of home visits by health workers for screening.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a timeliness metric is a workable intervention that adds structure to HHC screening and timely management."}
+{"id": "228553", "text": "We recommend better control of asbestos use in India. We also recommend that the management give all information regarding the hazardous processes and their medical records after conducting the mandatory annual medical checkups as is mandated by law."}
+{"id": "228569", "text": "Tuberculosis is just one of many areas in global public health that will be sidelined and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to start thinking critically about these effects, and develop comprehensive mitigation plans where possible. If not addressed, the 10 million incident TB cases and > 1 million deaths from TB that occur annually worldwide will increase, with the negative impact being worst in LMICs. A positive aspect to these two pandemics colliding is that people—communities, public health professionals and policy makers—can learn from each other. Perhaps we can look forward to a time when infectious diseases are taken even more seriously and the link between infectious disease and poverty is further recognised such that increased investment in their control results in societal structural changes that benefit all."}
+{"id": "228579", "text": "A shortage of money was mentioned as an obstacle for visiting health facilities for contact investigation of TB due to need of money for transportation, registration at health facilities and for food during referring and for some laboratory charge at a health facility."}
+{"id": "228750", "text": "•Enables more psychosocial support due to the closeness of family and friends and perceived connectedness in comparison with feelings of isolation and loneliness associated with hospital admission:"}
+{"id": "228827", "text": "Regarding the role played by viruses in FN, their detection is limited by the available primers in clinical laboratories. A study performed on a relatively small study population [29] tested the prevalence of viral infections in children with FN with and without signs of acute respiratory infections and compared the data between the two groups. They detected a virus in over three-fourths of the samples collected from the patients presenting with acute respiratory infection signs and in almost half of the samples collected from those without signs, with Rhinovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus being the most frequently detected viruses. Although viral infections can coexist with bacterial or fungal infections, and running viral tests might seem, at first glance, to increase the costs of treatment, the authors of this study argue that performing such tests might actually decrease the costs by earlier discontinuation of the antibiotics and by reducing the need of performing certain investigations, thus shortening the hospital stay overall."}
+{"id": "229316", "text": "We found that in asthmatic patients there was airway remodeling with reduced luminal volume and increased percentage WV compared with that seen in healthy subjects, irrespective of disease severity. This increase in percentage WV was largely driven by the reduction in luminal volume with no significant difference in WV between asthma and health, thus suggesting that airway remodeling reflects complex changes in the airway geometry rather than simply an increase in WV. Air trapping was increased in asthmatic patients compared with that seen in healthy subjects. The fractal dimension of the segmented airway tree was significantly less in asthmatic patients compared with that in healthy subjects on an inspiratory scan, indicating a loss of complexity and decrease in the space-filling ability of these airways. Using CT indices of proximal airway remodeling and air trapping, we identified 3 novel asthma phenotypes with distinct clinical and radiologic features."}
+{"id": "229336", "text": "Seventeen patients with COPD and 9 healthy subjects were examined by body plethysmography and LFU. Ultrasound frequencies ranging from 1 to 40 kHz were transmitted to the sternum and received at the back during inspiration and expiration. The high pass frequency was determined from the inspiratory and the expiratory signals and their difference termed ΔF. Measurements were repeated after inhalation of salbutamol."}
+{"id": "229619", "text": "A binary classification is typically used in audio classification so that it is feasible to tell if the input signal is the desired audio or not. With the use of a deep learning framework such as TensorFlow [115], the incoming noise signal aggregated during data gathering is transformed into a waveform that can be used for additional processing and analysis. After the waveform has been successfully acquired, it is possible to turn it into a spectrogram, which is a visual representation of the waveform that is available. A deep learning CNN can be used to assess these spectrograms appropriately by building a deep learning model to produce a binary classification result because these spectrograms are visual images."}
+{"id": "229743", "text": "Given the heterogeneity of phenotypes of LC and lack of a single mechanism, CPET is clinically useful to narrow the differential diagnosis of exertional dyspnea in LC. A CPET result within reference range without cardiopulmonary limitations will reassure some individuals with LC and increase comfort with physical activity. For those with objective limitations, identifying a cardiac or ventilatory limitation could provide clues for further diagnostic testing and treatment. Risk of PEM should be considered in evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio of CPET among individuals reporting PEM."}
+{"id": "229812", "text": "IS and BALF analysis was performed in 39 workers of a car brakes and clutches factory that uses chrysotile asbestos. Selection criteria were an employment history of > 15 years and the absence of a diagnosis of pneumonoconiosis. The type of cells, the existence of dust cells, of iron laden macrophages and of asbestos bodies were assessed and compared between IS and BALF samples."}
+{"id": "230014", "text": "In conclusion, tobacco smoke-induced lung inflammation is the cause of most COPD cases. These findings have important implications for understanding the etiology of COPD and suggest that pharmaceuticals designed to reduce leukocyte recruitment through the bronchial circulation may have promise as potential therapy to treat COPD."}
+{"id": "230360", "text": "It has been suggested that acute CPAP therapy increases intrathoracic pressure and may therefore decrease systemic venous return. At higher levels of positive airway pressure, it has also been postulated that pulmonary vascular resistance may increase, which in turn would increase right ventricular afterload; at extremes this may translate into reduced right ventricular performance with subsequent reduction in left ventricular preload and SV [29-31]. In light of these findings and those of the current study, the observed tendency for CO to decrease with acute CPAP appears to be a result of the inherent physiological effects of CPAP on the cardio-respiratory system and does not appear limited to a specific disease process or patient population."}
+{"id": "230436", "text": "Total indirect costs represent the sum of capital, overhead, and administrative personnel costs. We assumed that the average indirect cost would be the same for any PAC patient seen at a given site. We present these average costs per facility type and region. Note that these costs are constant per patient regardless of whether the patient had more than one complication type. Total indirect costs for all PAC patients seen at the site represent the indirect cost per patient multiplied by the number of PAC patients seen in the last year."}
+{"id": "230437", "text": "The main recommendations from this research relate to enhancing trust in the trial through building familiarity and understanding, addressing fears and concerns, sharing preliminary results with HCW where possible, and supporting patients’ access to see the CT ward and to have contact with other CT patients. Additionally, it is important to address issues and concerns relating to CT uncertainty and the randomisation process, which appear to be key areas influencing CT refusal. There are successes too which need to be built upon and promoted such as compassionate and high quality of care."}
+{"id": "230439", "text": "The expert groups were asked to provide arguments both for and against the proposition that extra attention and financial resources should be invested in new diagnostics for LTBI. All expert groups provided arguments in favour of the proposition that there is a need to develop better diagnostic tests and prognostic tools. The most important arguments mentioned were: to save costs, to have a better tool for LTBI diagnosis and to be able to gain better insight in LTBI such as the prevalence and determinants of progression to TB disease. Half of the expert groups also provided arguments against the proposition. These were that money and focus could better be used for other investigations such as studies on MDR-TB and the development of a vaccine."}
+{"id": "230909", "text": "In conclusion, our study revealed a concerning lack of awareness regarding COPD among the general population in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Raising awareness about COPD is of utmost importance to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In this region, as well as in Saudi Arabia as a whole, COPD and its associated risk factors are highly prevalent, primarily due to exposure to air pollutants from active smoking or indoor/outdoor particle exposure. A significant proportion of respondents reported spending time around smokers, with cigarette smokers constituting the largest portion, followed by electronic smokers and shisha users. Our study highlighted that the level of COPD awareness among respondents was relatively low. Only a small percentage of participants correctly knew that COPD could lead to physical disability. To address this knowledge gap, it is essential to enhance the primary school curriculum and include COPD-related topics in public forums and awareness campaigns. It is evident that there is a pressing need for additional national research to support policymakers in developing and implementing effective preventive and therapeutic policies to combat COPD and its consequences. By increasing awareness, adopting preventive measures, and fostering a better understanding of COPD, we can work toward reducing the burden of this debilitating respiratory condition on individuals and society as a whole."}
+{"id": "231077", "text": "In settings with a significant proportion of patients who prematurely cease TB treatment, research into the burden of treatment experienced by these patients may offer insights on how to improve health services to make them more patient-centred."}
+{"id": "231183", "text": "The overall HIV test uptake was surprisingly low at 40%. The HIV test uptake was significantly higher among TB patients who were identified at hospital, among females and in the unemployed. We recommend that further studies be done in which the two approaches are compared in similar settings. We also recommend further operational studies into the barriers to implementation of HIV testing in the primary health care facilities."}
+{"id": "231417", "text": "Caregivers who were grandparents reported that the sole reason for not accepting TPT was because the children’s parents were living away from them. It was hard for grandparent caregivers to look after the children when they got sick."}
+{"id": "231616", "text": "Many individuals reported experiencing shock on receiving a TB diagnosis, which was noted as lessening their ability to receive and process information at this time."}
+{"id": "231854", "text": "We identified a wide variation in study type and costing methods, thus limiting the comparability across cost analysis results. Further complicating comparability is the possibility that there could be some double counting in the direct implementation and direct service cost categories if staff time is being reported as a provider expense as well as a billable service cost. Only one study included both of these categories [19], and the methods and results were not detailed enough to determine the magnitude of double counting. However, this limitation is important for future comparisons of implementation costs. Despite these challenges, we were able to highlight 11 distinct categories of direct implementation costs that are captured in sufficient detail across five of the studies. This review also highlights the importance of estimating the indirect implementation costs—or opportunity costs—in both seeking and providing services. Opportunity cost in this context refers to the lost revenue from billable clinical services due to implementation activities. Several of the implementation studies calculated opportunity costs. These calculations are extremely important from the provider perspective as they represent the large monetary investment that is made in implementing EBPs and other programs at the expense of direct billing for providing healthcare services."}
+{"id": "232062", "text": "Asthma is a global problem affecting millions of people all over the world. Monitoring of asthma both in children and in adulthood is an indispensable tool for the optimal disease management and for the maintenance of clinical stability. To date, several resources are available to assess the asthma control, first is the monitoring of symptoms, both through periodic follow-up visits and through specific quality of life measures addressed to the patient in first person or to parents. Clinical monitoring is not always sufficient to predict the risk of future exacerbations, which is why further instrumental examinations are available including lung function tests, the assessment of bronchial hyper-reactivity and bronchial inflammation. All these tools may help in quantifying the future risk for each patient and therefore they potentially may change the natural history of asthmatic disease. The monitoring of asthma in children as in adults is certainly linked by many aspects, however the asthmatic child is a future asthmatic adult and it is precisely during childhood and adolescence that we should implement all the efforts and strategies to prevent the progression of the disease and the subsequent impairment of lung function. For these reasons, asthma monitoring plays a crucial role and must be particularly close and careful. In this paper, we evaluate several tools currently available for asthma monitoring, focusing on current recommendations emerging from various guidelines and especially on the differences between the monitoring in pediatric age and adulthood."}
+{"id": "232365", "text": "With both LHWs and the private sector referring presumptive cases to the public sector for diagnosis, a strong case emerges for further enhancing the availability of diagnostic technology within the public sector. When strong referral and sample transport mechanisms exist between health facilities where patients initiate care and those with diagnostic capacity, patients are likely to be detected and have treatment initiated in a timely manner. However, where these systems do not exist and patients need to find their own way, there could be significant delays in receiving proper diagnosis and care, leading to increased risk of transmission and poor treatment outcomes. This is particularly important to consider as the country moves to expand access to Xpert as an initial diagnostic and drug-resistance screening."}
+{"id": "232567", "text": "This clinical study may have demonstrated that eosinophil inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in the airways, which are characteristic features of asthma, develop in the subset of patients with COPD who do not have symptoms related to asthma and a previous diagnosis of asthma. Airway eosinophilia in COPD may have adverse effects on stabilizing symptoms but has a beneficial effect of increasing response to bronchodilators and glucocorticosteroids. Airway hyperresponsiveness in COPD may also have adversely affected stabilizing symptoms, improving lung function and quality of life. It may play a key role in the advancement of management and therapy for COPD, seeking whether these characteristic features concerning pathophysiology of asthma are hiding in patients with COPD."}
+{"id": "232576", "text": "Household contact screening was done for all contacts of bacteriologically confirmed TB patients and contact of all children under 5 years with TB regardless of the type of TB. Household TB screening for contacts of bacteriologically confirmed TB patients and contact of all children under 5 years included evaluation for possible TB disease with a symptoms questionnaire with six key questions that included: Cough of any duration, History of close contact with confirmed TB patient, body fever, noticeable weight loss, chest pain or breathlessness and finally night sweats. In case any of the six questions were answered “yes” then the person was considered presumptive for TB and referred to the health facility for further TB investigation. The clinician at the facility did physical examination of the contacts and symptomatic persons were sent for Gene Xpert test or examination by smear microscopy where there was no Gene Xpert machine."}
+{"id": "232595", "text": "Some 2000 years ago the Romans were aware of the potential health hazards of asbestos and recognized that slaves mining this material were at a serious health risk. The modern era of asbestos being appreciated as being hazardous to health started in the late 1800s with an official report from the government of the United Kingdom [4]. Over time the world has learned that there are two major classes of disease following exposure to asbestos, the non-malignant diseases, as well as the many cancers caused by asbestos."}
+{"id": "232623", "text": "The study reveals high levels of both perceived and experienced stigma among TB patients in the pastoralist community in Kenya. There is therefore a need to design effective strategies to reduce social stigma and its effects among marginalized populations. In addition, there is a need to engage the affected communities to address stigma through support groups and health education to demystify misconceptions surrounding TB and in turn reduce stigma. There is also a need for further studies on the community’s knowledge of TB transmission and how this drives TB stigma in the community."}
+{"id": "232700", "text": "We found a strong negative association between ICER and the probability of approval after price negotiations and severity of disease were taken into account. When the ICER increased by $10 000, the odds for approval dropped by 40% for coverage decisions made in 2018 to 2019. This trend is also demonstrated in eFigure 2 in the Supplement. We found a strong association between severity in terms of QALY loss and negotiated ICER for approved drugs between 2018 and 2019, implying that higher ICERs were indeed accepted for drugs treating more severe diseases. For the period of 2014 to 2017, this association was much weaker. Figure 1 shows the approved drugs in 2018 to 2019 grouped into severity classes, and illustrating that higher ICERs were more frequently accepted in the highest severity category."}
+{"id": "232711", "text": "Table 3 Performance of different machine learning algorithms in the classification of mild COPD and moderate + severe COPD"}
+{"id": "232789", "text": "Structural remodeling is a key factor in the genesis of vulnerability to reentry. A range of intermediate levels of fibrosis and intercellular uncoupling can combine to favor reentrant activity."}
+{"id": "232909", "text": "A mixed methods study by Gnanasan and colleagues in Malaysia identified 53 patients with TB and DM comorbidity from their system data and 35 of them that agreed to take part in the study were then provided with a pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care service within the same tertiary hospital to manage their medical conditions. The integrated programme led by pharmacists offered DOT and medication therapy adherence clinical services which were reported to be useful for patients with multiple diseases, namely TB and DM, in managing their medication regiment. This study illustrated that pharmacists could also conduct the integrative services as a form of task sharing. Like other levels of integration, a lack of information flow and coordination was reported. In this study, the disjointed data availability between DM clinics and TB clinics due to the practice of single disease management had made coordination of services across diseases an impediment to integration. In addition, the dilemma of whether to recommend certain monitoring tests or to wait and see if a particular test was ordered by a physician displayed the challenges due to the power dynamics between pharmacists and physicians [59]."}
+{"id": "233211", "text": "In a group of 50 symptomatic patients newly diagnosed with severe OSAS, this prospective observational study has shown that CPAP treatment (n = 28) resulted in significant reduction in carotid artery IMT compared to those who had opted for conservative treatment (CT, n = 22) over a study period of 12 months. Most of the reduction in carotid artery IMT when comparing CPAP against CT group appeared to have occurred within the first 6 months of treatment whereas there was no significant change from 6 to 12 months while the patients had maintained reasonable CPAP usage objectively throughout the study. Similar observations were noted in patients with and without existing cardiovascular diseases."}
+{"id": "233266", "text": "In the 2 years prior to our data collection, WVT and SMRU introduced enhanced TB screening programmes. WVT changed from screening symptomatic cases to a community wide screening protocol. SMRU initiated screening of family contacts who were living in Thailand, in addition to members who accompanied the patient to the clinic. Enhanced TB screening can help identify asymptomatic TB cases and provide individuals with the opportunity to initiate early treatment and to avoid the negative consequences associated with late diagnosis."}
+{"id": "233305", "text": "Our findings suggest the need to enhance the surveillance system to include all migrant TB patients who seek treatment in Tak province and support efforts by stakeholders on both sides of the border to continue to share data and engage in collaborative planning on TB, TB/HIV, and MDR-TB treatment provision for migrant populations."}
+{"id": "233339", "text": "Quantitative analysis of multimodal imaging is likely to play an increasing role for combined pulmonary structure-function assessment in many pulmonary disorders. While these approaches require further external validation and are not yet ready for routine use in clinical practice, they are likely to be additive to ILD assessment and may play an important role in diagnosis and assessing treatment response. Quantifying pulmonary vessel changes may prove to be an outright novel metric in ILD assessment. There is great promise that both supervised and unsupervised approaches applied to large, well-characterised datasets may lead to discovery of additional meaningful features of ILD (radiomics or imaging biomarkers). Clustering techniques and machine learning may allow automated stratification of patients into disease categories and risk groups and provide decision support that may aid in the selection of optimal therapy and a means to assess efficacy. MRI and PET remain exploratory techniques in ILD but may provide a link between functional and anatomical elements of disease, such as is demonstrated by regional gas exchange in129Xe MR spectroscopy. Novel PET tracer agents may be used in early drug development programmes and indeed a study using FDG PET avidity to assess response to dabigatran in IPF is currently recruiting to trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02885961)."}
+{"id": "233500", "text": "TB treatment success for children can be achieved when parents develop trust in healthcare services and have strong motivational factors to remain steadfast in achieving a successful treatment goal. Psychosocial support should be provided to primary caregivers who face any difficulty, and a good relationship between parents and HCWs should be maintained. These results will inform the TB program managers to strengthen the holistic approach and identify the motivational factors among parents of children with TB disease to promote treatment adherence and finally their successful treatment."}
+{"id": "233656", "text": "Reducing gaps in the detection and treatment of MDD is important for the quality of life of those affected. However, the analyses presented in this paper indicate that reducing treatment gaps will increase care costs. This is likely to be particularly the case in the short term. However, increased costs can be entirely justified if outcomes are sufficiently improved. The findings from our modeling work suggest that QALYs are increased if more cases of MDD can be detected and if more of those who do have MDD detected go on to receive treatment. The ICERs suggest that interventions to reduce the treatment gaps may represent good value for money. However, those interventions will themselves have costs and this would need to be offset against the estimates here. Increased training for non-specialists clinicians and use of paper-based or electronic screening instruments may be viable interventions."}
+{"id": "233847", "text": "The results suggest that saw cutting operators followed by kollergang and ground hard waste operators in both factories may be at an increased risk of developing ARDs, as results (Table 3 and Table 4) show a high number of predicted cancer mortality cases and asbestosis cases especially if workers were to be exposed before 2008, where exposure concentrations and subsequently cumulative exposures were high compared to exposure concentrations for the time period of 2009 to 2020, if duration of exposure of 20 years or 25 years is applied."}
+{"id": "233931", "text": "The Malawi National Tuberculosis Control Programme is well established with a good reputation within the sub Saharan region. The programme has attempted to be responsive to the needs of different social groups through the development of community based activities to intensify case finding amongst poor groups. Given increasing TB notification due to HIV co-infection, high numbers of missing cases, and a context of poverty and gender inequity there is need for further programme adaptation, innovation and operational research. The new environment of the PoW, EHP and SWAp offers news opportunities for strengthening relationships with multiple players at district level and for developing responsive pro-poor and gender sensitive interventions to ease patients pathway to care. It is time to seize these opportunities."}
+{"id": "233969", "text": "More than half of the TB patients in India seek care from the private sector. Two decades of attempts by the National TB Program to improve collaboration between the public and private sectors have not worked except in a few innovative pilots. The System for TB Elimination in Private Sector (STEPS) evolved in 2019 as a solution to ensure standards of TB care to every patient reaching the private sector. We formally evaluated the STEPS to judge the success of the model in achieving its outcomes and to inform decisions about scaling up of the model to other parts of the country."}
+{"id": "234126", "text": "Our findings also underscore the importance of improving TB care for people who pass through the prison system. TB incidence in prisons has been estimated to range from 4 to 27 times higher than in the general population, varying across regions of the world. Crowding, poor ventilation, and lack of access to health care fuel the spread of TB within prisons. We cannot say for certain that the 14% of TB patients in our study who reported a history of incarceration were infected with TB while in prison. However, previous studies have shown that prisons serve as a reservoir for ongoing introduction of TB into the community, and that the neighborhoods directly surrounding prisons have elevated TB incidence. It is thus imperative to improve TB services within prisons, including regular screening (which can be aided by mobile TB screening units), access to treatment for TB disease and infection, and referral mechanisms to ensure continuity of treatment when people with TB enter or exit the prison system. In addition, placing mobile TB screening units in neighborhoods surrounding prisons and where people tend to move after release could help diagnose people whose TB is currently being missed within the prison system."}
+{"id": "234200", "text": "The fear of experiencing TB stigma also emerged as an important barrier to 99DOTS use, more so for female participants with TB than for male participants with TB. A few of the female participants described how their husbands left them after learning of their TB status owing to the misperception that someone with TB must also be living with HIV, as described in the following quote:"}
+{"id": "234400", "text": "The findings from the sensitivity analyses are shown in Table 3. When the costs associated with MDD being undetected or untreated are decreased by 25%, the ICERs increase slightly but decrease if these costs are increased by 25%. This is logical as the sensitivity analyses are applied to the scenario where both detection and treatment gaps are reduced. The cost-effectiveness of doing this is going to be greater if not detecting or treating is associated with higher costs. The ICERs are increased if the distribution of treatment is changed to reflect more people receiving combination therapy. While the QALYs accrued from different treatments are similar, the costs are higher if more people receive combination therapy. The greatest impact on ICERs was made by changing the QALYs accrued for those who have their MDD undetected or untreated. If they do 75% as well as those treated with medication, then the ICERs are more than doubled. This is because in the absence of detection or treatment, outcomes are not as poor as in the original analyses and so gains from reducing gaps are less."}
+{"id": "234408", "text": "Some respondents pointed out the availability of free diagnostic and treatment services- including free TB drugs in the public health facilities as a facilitator to TB case finding and retention in care in this population. In addition, easy access to the one public health facility within the Kisenyi community, in terms of less travel distance and related costs was also reported to facilitate both TB case finding and retention in care for TB patients in this slum community."}
+{"id": "234789", "text": "Heroin smokers experience a high and increasing burden of chronic respiratory symptoms and a decline in FEV1 that exceeds the normal age-related decline observed among tobacco smokers with COPD and healthy nonsmokers. Targeted COPD diagnostic and treatment services hosted within opiate substitution services could benefit this vulnerable, relatively inaccessible, and underserved group of people."}
+{"id": "235025", "text": "One of the most well-studied risk factors for respiratory disease is tobacco smoke exposure. Several studies have reported maternal smoking during pregnancy as a major risk factor for impaired lung development . The epidemiological associations have been supported by experimental studies showing structural lung defects, hyperplasia of neuro-endocrine cells, and decreased lung growth in offspring exposed to tobacco smoke in utero as well as human data reporting consistently altered epigenetic profiles in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy . Secondhand tobacco exposure later during childhood has also been associated with persistence of respiratory symptoms into adult life . Indeed, studies reporting interactive effects between parental and active smoking in affecting FEV 1 decline and COPD risk are among the best illustrative examples of how risk factors from early and adult life may have detrimental joint health effects. In cross-sectional studies of active smokers, having a mother who also smoked was linked to airflow limitation and early-onset and severe COPD and these observations have been recently expanded to decline of lung function in longitudinal studies, as described in the following sections. Despite these well-known negative health effects and anti-smoking campaigns worldwide, smoking during pregnancy and elsewhere remains a major public health challenge."}
+{"id": "235037", "text": "In conclusion, reduced Th1 and Th2 responses and enhanced Th17 responses in patients might perpetuate MABC lung disease. The balance of the type of T cell immunity is critical for determining susceptibility to MABC and the outcome of disease. Improved knowledge of the function of each cytokine during the initiation of immune responses and after treatment will facilitate the development of better immunological and therapeutic interventions to promote balanced immune responses and predict treatment outcomes."}
+{"id": "235108", "text": "As we can see, the symptoms of all these diseases are very common and can cause a bad diagnosis by the doctor. For all this, it is very interesting to be able to determine the disease using the sound of the breaths without taking into account the rest of the symptoms."}
+{"id": "235249", "text": "The cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) testing item of the adult ART service areas was equally poor in both districts. The low proportion of patients positive for TB symptoms with appropriate further investigation was of concern under the adult ART service area. However, the adult ART service area reported relatively high overall quality audit scores compared with all other service areas. A relatively low documentation of lost or rejected specimens was observed in the performance of laboratory service area of District A."}
+{"id": "235252", "text": "As the article discusses the current pain points, situation and damage caused during COVID-19 to the TB affected people, a conclusion is made addressing the most pressing recommendations for further change. The article brings to light the unspoken challenges and hurdles faced by the people of Morocco. Creating optimal health standards and public policies is the ultimate of goal of combined efforts of researchers, program coordinators and governments on the whole. Further Global Burden of Disease analysis in association with global health policy-makers may pave a way forward to strengthen the current situation of Morocco."}
+{"id": "235319", "text": "Educational status decreased, while daily alcohol consumption and proportion of positive CAC score increased from those who had never smoked towards current smokers. Current smokers had higher SBP, higher DBP and lower FEV1 compared with both never smokers and former smokers. BMI was significantly lower in current smokers in comparison with those who had never smoked, while HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in current smokers in comparison with former smokers."}
+{"id": "235326", "text": "The review highlighted the practice of seeing a TMC provider as a cultural factor that underpins patient delays in seeking and receiving TB diagnosis and treatment. Many Chinese TB patients would have visited a TCM provider for their ill-health before seeking care at a formal TB health facility [63]. One potential problem with seeking a traditional provider prior to attending a TB diagnosis and treatment facility is that it results in diagnostic and treatment delays [64]. TCM providers have been shown to recommend Western antibiotics along with traditional healing methods, and generally do not question the effectiveness of Western medicine [63]. Training them to identify early signs and symptoms and prompt referral of suspected cases to TB diagnosis and treatment centers is important. Their propensity to refer cases can be enhanced through an incentive mechanism that rewards them per positive TB case referred to a TB diagnosis and treatment center."}
+{"id": "235583", "text": "Interventions such as incentives, home visits, TST availability in health care centres were suggested to improve TB contact screening in household contacts"}
+{"id": "235979", "text": "Children with TB in the Netherlands are generally detected at an early stage and treatment completion rates are high. However, more TB cases among children can be prevented through enhancing TB case finding and screening and preventive treatment of latent TB infection among migrant children, and improving the coverage of BCG vaccination among eligible risk groups."}
+{"id": "236113", "text": "Inhaled smoke releases materials that occlude the airway lumen. Such material is composed of fibrin, neutrophils, mucus and epithelial cell debris.25 Occluded alveoli are hypoventilated, causing an increase in pulmonary shunt fraction that leads to changes in the ventilation:perfusion ratio. Open alveoli are over-distended during mechanical ventilation; the distention of the alveolar wall releases inflammatory cytokines and leads to damage induced by mechanical ventilation. These changes reduce gas exchange and cause hypoxemia."}
+{"id": "236421", "text": "In conclusion, our results suggest that Treg cells delay the recruitment of effector cells and balance the inflammatory response during early infection with mild virulence or hypervirulent MTB strain, their depletion increases some proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil recruitment that reduce the bacillary load but is not enough to change the final course of the disease. IDO and HO-1 activities facilitate bacterial growth during late pulmonary TB when the infection is produced by mild virulence MTB. It seems that Treg cells and the enzymes IDO and HO-1 are crucial to suppress excessive inflammation, preventing diffuse alveolar damage or necrosis when the infection is produced by a highly virulent strain. Thus, one important factor that contributes to the protective or detrimental immune regulation activity is the infection phase and mycobacterial level of virulence."}
+{"id": "236442", "text": "Despite the strong support for the integration of tobacco cessation in TB treatment, the health care system needed to be strengthened. Majority of the respondents reported lack of skills for tobacco use cessation and having inadequate health workers on TB wards."}
+{"id": "236454", "text": "Asbestos pleural plaque should be considered as a marker of exposure, and its presence may increase the risk of developing both asbestosis and mesothelioma. Asbestos pleural plaque is a slow progressing condition, and there have been no reports of development of subsequent malignancies."}
+{"id": "236533", "text": "The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and WHO/Europe recommended on 7 April 2022 not to test refugees arriving in European countries from Ukraine for TB infection or TB disease, because the TB incidence in Ukraine was less than 100 per 100,000 population."}
+{"id": "236652", "text": "As the saying goes, pain is inevitable; suffering is optional, for every disease, suffering either in physical or emotional or psychological form is inevitable. How a patient deals with these depends on the will power and the support extended by family and friends. Despite the invention of advanced technologies to diagnose diseases and development of powerful drugs to cure them, the treatment outcomes vary among patients. The pharmacologic profile of the patient is an important determinant for the treatment outcome. Another crucial aspect that has gained importance to achieve better treatment outcomes in many diseases is the psychological intervention. Such non-medical interventions have been practiced in the developed nations for the treatment of many diseases including TB. The psychological interventions for TB are more complicated when compared to other diseases because of the negative perception and stigma toward this disease in the society on one side and the biological complexities on the other side. Despite the complexities, psychological interventions have improved the prevention and treatment outcome of TB."}
+{"id": "236894", "text": "The incidence of mesothelioma has not changed over the past 15 years. Indeed, we have much more effective screening and diagnostic mechanisms for most cancers and as such we are likely picking up more mesothelioma as well as more cancers in general, maintaining a steady ratio. On the other hand, this is a very indolent disease and median latency of 40 years and can be up to 50 years. , It was not until 1989 where the Environmental Protection Agency prohibited the use of asbestos in the United States with the bulk of its production during the 1970s. As such, the current numbers we are seeing are likely reflective of exposure 40–50 years ago before legislation was in place to control the use of asbestos, a very well‐known and documented risk factor."}
+{"id": "237154", "text": "Current resting tests and measures are often ineffective at detecting subtle cardiopulmonary abnormalities and cannot detect exercise-induced abnormalities. A detailed assessment of key CPET slopes may enhance sensitivity in detecting abnormalities in asymptomatic at-risk individuals such as the adolescent highlighted in this case report. Serial CPET measures might be important to perform in adolescents with strong family histories of CAD, especially early-age CAD. Research in this at-risk population should strive to better define the clinical role of CPET in the evaluation of cardiac dysfunction for the purpose of improving preventive healthcare. As the use of CPET grows, so will the need to improve healthcare practices and education to incorporate the pathophysiology that CPET may reveal in asymptomatic adolescents at-risk for cardiovascular events."}
+{"id": "237160", "text": "One third of tuberculosis patients adhered to household contact screening in health facilities during their treatment course. Promoting knowledge of tuberculosis in the community and continuous health education to tuberculosis patients are recommended."}
+{"id": "237471", "text": "The NTP Afghanistan is an example that public health programmes can be effectively implemented in fragile states. High political commitment and strong local leadership are essential factors for such programmes. To ensure long-term effectiveness of the NTP, the international support should be withdrawn in a phased manner, coupled with a sequential increase in resources allocated to the NTP by the Government of Afghanistan."}
+{"id": "237681", "text": "Environmental and behavioral factors may impact the clinical presentation of OSA and the effectiveness of treatment. Inconsistent application of continuous positive airway pressure treatment by adults with obstructive sleep apnea is a common issue. Thus, future research is needed to explore the underlying mechanism of variable response to treatment, especially in different phenotypes of OSA exposed to various behavioral and environmental factors."}
+{"id": "237996", "text": "Non-invasive techniques for measuring lung mechanics in infants are needed for a better understanding of lung growth and function, and to study the effects of prenatal factors on subsequent lung growth in healthy infants. The forced oscillation technique requires minimal cooperation from the individual but has rarely been used in infants. The study aims to assess the use of the forced oscillation technique to measure the influence of antenatal exposures on respiratory mechanics in unsedated infants enrolled in a birth cohort study in Cape Town, South Africa."}
+{"id": "238037", "text": "To address modern TB threats, each IRHWG country is in the process of improving TB prevention-control efforts, especially as it relates to immigrant and refugee populations with high burden of TB. To better identify the primary source countries that contribute the largest migrating populations and most TB cases to the group as a whole, we conducted an analysis of arrivals and TB case diagnoses."}
+{"id": "238303", "text": "The prevalence of tobacco use in adults over the age of 40 in Spain has considerably decreased with respect to 2011, but this decrease is less among women and intensifying prevention measures in this group is therefore recommended. COPD knowledge among the Spanish population has nearly doubled in the past 10 years, although it is still lacking. There is considerable variability between regions, both in tobacco use and the level of COPD awareness, which may be determinants in the geographic variability of the prevalence and underdiagnosis of the disease. Strategies are needed to increase COPD education and awareness and the importance of maintaining smoking prevention measures and the reinforcement of smoking cessation among women in the primary care setting."}
+{"id": "238504", "text": "Vayu bCPAP Systems were found to be feasible for use at MNH across all cadres. The most common findings included strong associations with ease of use, improved treatment and patient outcomes, and excellent integration into the system of care delivery. The technical simplicity and durability of Vayu bCPAP Systems were the main reasons the devices were said to be ideal for the MNH setting. Portability, compactness, and lack of need for electricity and maintenance influenced the high level of satisfaction. An additional critical attribute of Vayu bCPAP Systems was that devices could rapidly be assembled and brought to the bedside, and early treatment initiated."}
+{"id": "238643", "text": "Burden of payment for health services and drugs: what did different types of household have to pay for their professional care and medications? How big a burden was this payment on the household budget and how did that differ by socio-economic groups?"}
+{"id": "238686", "text": "Computer Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Rating (CALIPER) is an image analysis tool that uses both 3D histogram features within a regional voxel and morphological analysis to characterise HRCT data. The classifier was developed based on consensus radiologist determination of parenchymal features of voxels randomly selected from training images with histopathologically confirmed disease for a variety of lung parenchymal pathologies and control subjects29–31 from the Lung Tissue Research Consortium.32 In retrospective clinical assessment of 55 patients with IPF, CALIPER-measured ILD changes including percent ILD, total ILD volume and total reticulation volume were associated with survival at multivariate analysis.33 An example output from CALIPER in a patient with UIP is shown in figure 1."}
+{"id": "238849", "text": "The lack of standardization in the reporting of malignant mesothelioma is a primary source of misclassification of the disease state. Pleural mesothelioma was not identified as a distinct cancer until 1960 and peritoneal mesothelioma was not identified until 1964 (possibly when the Surgeon General's report on smoking in 1964 boosted public awareness about the link between smoking and lung cancer)."}
+{"id": "238883", "text": "Six contacts of TB patients were found to have rifampicin resistant TB on Xpert MTB/RIF and were referred to tertiary facilities for further management as per South African national TB guidelines."}
+{"id": "239153", "text": "This study highlights the demographic, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with TB in Accra, Ghana. Strengths identified in the childhood TB management include the high testing and documentation of HIV status in these children and the high treatment success recorded which met the target of END TB Strategy treatment success indicator. This baseline data on childhood TB in Accra throws a challenge to the NTP to at best maintain these standards especially as it rolls out case finding and preventive strategies as well as more sensitive TB diagnostic methods as outlined in the health sector tuberculosis strategic plan. The study also showed that HIV positivity was associated with lower treatment success while death accounted for the majority of those with poor treatment outcome. As the NTP rolls out its interventions, paying close attention to children with smear positive pulmonary TB and those who are HIV positive may reduce mortality among them and improve treatment outcomes."}
+{"id": "239272", "text": "Indirect costs were calculated as productivity loses by first determining the proportion of people who reported losing work due to the disease then multiplying their percentage by the minimal monthly salary and calculated for 11 year."}
+{"id": "239378", "text": "Obesity is increasingly prevalent in children and there is increasing evidence that obesity affects childhood asthma and its severity (132). The nature of the association between obesity and asthma remains obscure in children and appears to be stronger for non-atopic asthma. Longitudinal studies suggest that high body weight precedes asthma symptoms. However, it is not clear how body mass may influence primary acquisition of persistent wheeze. It is also of interest that body mass can exert cross generational epigenetic effects so it is possible that parental obesity may affect their offspring."}
+{"id": "239397", "text": "This study sought to determine the correlation between echocardiographic parameters and hemodynamics data at rest and during exercise in HFpEF patients."}
+{"id": "239422", "text": "Training of the study group was carried out using an adapted SORT IT (Structured Operational Research Training Initiative) model focused on implementing real-time implementation research with country teams.15,16 From each country, the NTP manager (or suitable representative), the NTP Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, and the appointed in-country study coordinator attended a one-week face-to-face training in March 2023, in Nairobi, Kenya. In this module, participants learnt about key principles of operational research, and how to conduct patient assessments and refer those in need for further care. The teams were also trained on data collection methods using an EpiCollect5 mobile cloud-based application which allows quality control checks and analysis to be done in real-time. During this module, participants adapted a generic proposal that was developed based on prior experience from two path-finder projects in China.13,14Prior to the face-to-face training, the generic protocol and data collection form (questionnaire) was circulated on-line to the NTP teams of all the four countries. Country specific study protocol and standardized questionnaires were then developed during the one-week face-to-face SORT IT training. The principal investigator and key members of the China study team were also included as part of the Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe TB disability study group to help with practical guidance."}
+{"id": "239469", "text": "A number of studies and presentations examined the complex issue of the cost of pharmaceutical medicines as it affects access to treatment. Presenters described a variety of approaches that have significantly reduced the price of treatments in most developing countries. Many challenges and debates remain on this highly contested terrain, especially as the need for second-line therapies increases and the demand for simplified or fixed drug formulations, pediatric formulations and therapies to address TB escalates."}
+{"id": "239571", "text": "While some issues related to the study design may limit the scope for generalisation to all COPD populations, we hope the issues raised will increase the focus of attention of the impact of this condition on the younger populations."}
+{"id": "239573", "text": "To evaluate whether bariatric weight loss is associated with improved asthma control, and whether this association varies by metabolic syndrome status."}
+{"id": "239933", "text": "This study has provided the burden of HNC by utilising the registry data from different regions of India. The burden of HNC varies in different regions of India may be due to the number of PBCRs present in a particular region, coverage of cancer registration and access to diagnostic and treatment facilities. Establishing PBCRs has several challenges such as a lack of cooperation from the cancer-treating centres, inadequate medical records, social stigma about cancer and insufficient funding. To overcome these challenges, PBCR should develop strong institutional relationships and build rapport with data sources as well as interact with patients and their relatives for more accurate information about the disease as well as sociodemographic data [13]. Furthermore, the government authority should make cancer a notifiable disease for a smooth cancer registration process. The results have to be interpreted with caution as there may be underreporting of cases and few registries are recently established. The cancer incidence data for the year 2017–2018 from the PBCRs were not available in the public domain of NCRP at the time of manuscript preparation."}
+{"id": "239991", "text": "In our practice there is no significant association between CPAP compliance with socio-economic status, education or personality type. Long term unemployed or depressed individuals were less likely to use CPAP optimally and may need more intensive support to gain the optimal benefit from CPAP. Our findings suggest that people who are long term unemployed and/or currently depressed should be identified and offered more intensive support when initiating CPAP therapy to give them the best chance of getting on with the treatment and achieving the benefits that it can offer."}
+{"id": "240007", "text": "Aims: The current study aimed to analyze barriers to successful TB treatment from the perspective of TB service providers at the CHC level in a high prevalent TB country."}
+{"id": "240127", "text": "The analysis focused on cost-utility analyses that expressed results as an incremental cost per QALY gained. Ratios were actualized to 2008 values based on the evolution of the general consumer price index and were converted to Euro using exchange rates. This standardization of incremental cost-utility ratios made it possible to compare ratios between antibiotics and between disease areas."}
+{"id": "240161", "text": "Addressing the Risk of Bleeding in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction"}
+{"id": "240388", "text": "The prospective prediction of lung malignancy has been extensively fused and validated by radiomics and DL. DL models have been used to stratify patients, based on the likelihood of local and distant recurrence, to automate the segmentation of organs at risk in lung cancer radiation and identify individuals who would benefit from molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The DL algorithm improves the performance under the influence of radiomics, and it is significantly better than the prediction based on clinical stage alone in the prospective cohort prognostic stratification test. This could help identify patients at higher risk of lung malignancy who could benefit from intensive treatment and/or more frequent follow-up after treatment [14]."}
+{"id": "240696", "text": "Several issues exist in the standardisation of quantitative CT metrics. Multicentre trials are confounded by differences in scanner equipment and protocols. Choice of reconstruction algorithm influences image resolution and density histogram parameters. In particular, a high-frequency reconstruction algorithm reduces per pixel histogram skewness and kurtosis.37 Regular quality assurance by scanning phantoms at all collaborating sites is not always feasible.11 Standardisation of the image density to tracheal air density is plausible,38 but density varies throughout the trachea. Chong et al have reported on a novel feature selection scheme that prioritises recognition features robust to variations in apparent lung density, reporting enhanced performance in correctly identifying key disease features in ILD.39 In spite of such obstacles, Iwisawa and colleagues reported excellent agreement in automated CT pathology features across different scanners and sites using the GHNC analysis technique.40"}
+{"id": "240857", "text": "Community led monitoring, which empowers affected communities with tools to analyse barriers to TB services, human rights violations, TB stigma (and other events and trends) and report challenges, has emerged as an invaluable aid to accountability, particularly in high-burden countries."}
+{"id": "240903", "text": "Air pollution has many negative effects on pediatric health and is recognised as a serious health hazard. However, although there seems to be an association with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and acute respiratory infections, further studies are needed in order to clarify the specific mechanism of action of different air pollutants, identify genetic polymorphisms that modify airway responses to pollution, and investigate the effectiveness of new preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for subjects with low antioxidant enzyme levels. Moreover, as that epigenetic changes are inheritable during cell division and may be transmitted to subsequent generations, it is very important to clarify the role of epigenetics in the relationship between air pollution and lung disease in asthmatic and healthy children."}
+{"id": "241027", "text": "Patient 10A 29-year old married man who had worked 8–10 months every year for six years as a labourer for a private construction company in Russian Federation. In February 2009, he was diagnosed with TB by chest X-ray there and commenced treatment. After 10 days of treatment in hospital he run away once he realized that the treatment cost 1200 Russian Roubles per day and that he would have to continue treatment for six months. He returned to Tajikistan where his TB diagnosis was confirmed. He refused treatment in hospital but was receiving free directly observed treatment three times a week at the Dushanbe TB Dispensary. However, he is required to pay for sputum smear and X-ray examinations and for vitamins. He had to borrow money to pay for these services. He was not satisfied with the information on TB he had received and would like to have access to booklets or brochures on TB."}
+{"id": "241054", "text": "The health consequences of OSA include increased risk for cardiovascular disease1–3, stroke4, metabolic syndrome5,6, reduced quality of life7, and premature death"}
+{"id": "241085", "text": "The proposed novel and robust approach to CAS analysis has been applied to asthma patients in order to assess BDR in terms of acoustic parameters. We suggest that this approach to CAS analysis provides distinct and complementary information about BDR, beyond that provided by spirometry, and could contribute to improving the stratification of BDR in asthma patients."}
+{"id": "241375", "text": "Table 2 Summary of the NSP 2017–2022 and concurrent themes from interviews responses"}
+{"id": "241429", "text": "TB is known to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. However, the detrimental effects of TB and its treatment on HRQoL are immense and have been unattended. There is scope for considering the assessment of HRQoL at diagnosis as an adjunct outcome measure for evaluation and outcome measure for patients under ATT [11]. The evaluation of the link between HRQoL and adherence to ATT may provide important evidence on treatment efficiency, optimal management of TB patients, and policymaking. These findings call the attention of healthcare providers to tackle issues related to HRQoL in TB patients. The evidence generated in this review emphasizes a possible role in identifying any impairments in HRQoL at diagnosis and providing timely holistic care and patient-centered approaches for improving HRQoL in TB patients."}
+{"id": "241712", "text": "The higher SMRs for pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma in women compared to men are probably attributable to the fact that women in the reference population have a lower rate of these neoplasms because of lower prevalence of past exposure to asbestos. Furthermore, in women, peritoneal cancer may be misclassified with ovarian cancer (Prat et al., 2015) and we found an increased mortality from the latter, though an order of magnitude smaller than peritoneal cancer. More in general, the use of mortality data, which refer to pleural and peritoneal cancer, might have resulted in misclassification of diagnosis of mesothelioma, and this might have differed according to time since cessation of exposure since during the follow‐up the International Classification of Diseases coding changed to the 10th Edition, which included a unique code for mesothelioma. We are currently retrieving the pathological samples of the members of the cohort who died from pleural and peritoneal cancers in order to indentify confirmed cases of mesothelioma, and we plan to conduct detailed analyses on different exposure variables restricted to the confirmed cases. Similarly, the higher SMR for lung cancer in women can be explained by lower rates in the reference population because of lower prevalence of tobacco smoking and exposure to occupational carcinogens."}
+{"id": "241717", "text": "It is now widely established that the inflammation affects both proximal and peripheral lung in asthmatic patients with a real impact on the clinical and therapeutic aspects. Different inflammatory, functional, and radiological parameters have been tested to describe the distal airways impairment in asthmatic subjects. In particular, the appraisal of inflammation by alveolar nitric oxide assessment and the adoption of new imaging techniques for the evaluation of air trapping and thickening of small airways wall, have proved to be useful and suitable in clinical practice. Future studies should be directed to understand if the early detection of small airways abnormalities could be helpful as a prognostic factor for a more severe disease. Anyway, since the contribution of the distal lung compartment to the pathophysiology of asthma is certain, the asthmatic patients, in particular those difficult to treat, should be subjected to an assessment of peripheral airways function and inflammation, and should be treated with drugs able to reach the most peripheral lung."}
+{"id": "241739", "text": "We do know the association between myocardial fibrosis and at least two of the three markers we identified as predictors of risk of mortality in HFpEF. Besides, it is well known that in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, myocardial fibrosis predicts the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias."}
+{"id": "241771", "text": "Conclusion: Viewpoint articles generated during SORT IT courses appear to complement original OR studies and are valued contributors to the dissemination of OR practices in LMICs."}
+{"id": "242148", "text": "We also showed that US measurement of diaphragm thickness is another promising technique and has been accurately used to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COPD in many studies. For instance, reduced diaphragm thickness has been significantly correlated with severity and prognosis in patients with COPD.27 21 37–42 However, some studies found no significant difference in the thickness of the diaphragmatic muscle between patients with COPD and healthy subjects.44–46 Diaphragm muscle atrophy in COPD had been previously described to be mechanistically linked with systemic muscle wasting. This is in the form of chronic loss of type I and type II diaphragm fibres in response to COPD-related physiological changes, such as increased energy expenditure and relative resistance to fatigue.68 69"}
+{"id": "242245", "text": "Improved asthma control in adolescents is crucial to improve lung function, to optimize quality of life and to prevent potential adverse disease sequelae later in life."}
+{"id": "242277", "text": "Bronchial wall thickening in smoke-inhalation injury is a reversible change of the airway wall that may cause deterioration of respiratory function and refractory airway obstruction."}
+{"id": "242373", "text": "The results can inform the NTLP about the status of the quality of TB services in this rural setting and highlight pragmatic ways in which services can be improved."}
+{"id": "242392", "text": "The greatest risk of dying from ARD in the household group similarly observed by Ferrante et al. [32] can be explained by the healthy survival effect. This is due to the long duration of exposure under conditions of lower susceptibility to ARD in patients who have survived. This risk could be higher since forms of ARD other than mesothelioma are difficult to detect in nonoccupational exposure."}
+{"id": "242514", "text": "We defined the direct health care expenses of a service as the expenses covered by the free care policy. This definition includes expenses charged to the Ministry of Health by the health facility and the OOP expenses borne by the patient. The free care policy sheets that summarize the services provided for each patient and their expenses were additional data sources used. This information was cross-checked with medical prescriptions and reports obtained from the patients."}
+{"id": "242806", "text": "The finding of this study indicated that the National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Programme of Liberia didn’t meet the Millennium Development Goals and Stop TB Partnership targets of 100% DOTS coverage, 70% case detection rate of all forms of TB and treatment success rate of above 85%. The lack of adequate government funding crippled the programme and the programme was not performing to meet the global targets as well as the programme targets. The three Donabedian’s components were used to assess the overall performance of the NLTCP of Liberia. Lack of adequate financial resources, separate laboratories and under staffing at health facilities which provide TB services were some of the gaps identified from the structure aspect of Donabedian’s model. Inadequate information about TB from the health workers, long patient waiting time to receive services at each of the levels of care, poor attitude of fellow health workers was some of the key Donabedian’s process issues hindering TB control in Liberia. Limitation in laboratory reagents slides for sputum microscopy and TB laboratory SOPs; infrequent health education for attendants and absence of sputum quality control procedures and mechanism to trace defaulters and shortage of drugs were some of the bottle necks identified in this study. The Donabedian’s treatment outcome factors of case detection and treatment success rate are not met. The high default rate of this study indicates that the programme has to put effective strategies of defaulter tracing and patient centered treatment approaches for tuberculosis as part of promoting approaches that tackle underlying roots of stigma. Comprehensive strengthening of the health system focusing on quality of support supervisions, patient follow up and promoting infection control measures and increasing health staffing levels at the health facilities are crucial. The National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Programme of Liberia have to mobilise resources and ensure sustainable budget to improve the performance of the programme and meet global targets."}
+{"id": "242864", "text": "The association between asthma and obesity is well established, and obese asthmatics have been shown to have worsened asthma control and increased asthma severity. The mechanisms behind this are still under investigation and likely multifactorial. This has made it more difficult to measure the impact of obesity on objective asthma traits such as the measurement of specific inflammatory mediators or airway hyperreactivity."}
+{"id": "243076", "text": "Another challenge was turnover of staff in the Out Patient Department (OPD) as sometimes referred patients were turned away by new health workers. However the staff responsible for the chronic cough registry and laboratory did not change throughout the lifespan of the project. This provided a strong base for the institutional memory of the intervention model and systems and they acted as mentors for their colleagues from the City Assembly and OPD."}
+{"id": "243132", "text": "Due to the long continuous season with a large travelling group of international participants, the biathlon WC season is different from many of the previously reported “bubble models” with the aim to secure a single game or a shorter series of games between a limited number of teams, or an event at a single location. The purpose of this study was to report incidence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among professional biathletes and staff undergoing frequent regular PCR testing and risk reduction measures during the international season 2020–2021. The efficiency of risk mitigation measures is also evaluated based on the incidence data."}
+{"id": "243178", "text": "Occupational and environmental airborne asbestos concentrations are too low and variable for lifetime exposures to be estimated reliably, and building workers and occupants may suffer higher exposure when asbestos in older buildings is disturbed or removed. Mesothelioma risks from current asbestos exposures are therefore not known."}
+{"id": "243193", "text": "Here, we showed that extracorporeal RF therapy improves exercise capacity of mice with emphysema. These data highlight the therapeutic potential of RF treatment in improving the functional status of patients with COPD."}
+{"id": "243589", "text": "All 61 BHUs across the district are grouped in 11 clusters and every cluster is attached with a TB diagnostic center on the basis of geographical proximity. This administrative change has provided a formal link between primary and secondary health care facilities but only for matters related to TB. In their monthly meetings, BHU physicians are required to meet with the TB focal person at their respective TB diagnostic facility, who is expected to provide follow-up of patients referred by BHU physicians for confirmation of diagnosis, provide clinical advice and training, and advice on other programmatic issues."}
+{"id": "243829", "text": "Cardiac triad testing is recommended for athletes with cardiopulmonary symptoms [23–25]."}
+{"id": "243846", "text": "The NTEP HCW will screen the index patient for TB via telephone calls at 6 and 12 months post-treatment completion; the index patient will also be asked about TB symptoms among HHCs. If TB is suspected among any HH members, we will ask them to visit the TU to provide a spot sputum specimen for microbiological testing at the TU."}
+{"id": "244000", "text": "For the primary endpoints, we will compute TB case notification at the cluster level by dividing the total number of TB cases (all forms) notified by the selected ODs by the total population in each OD. Case notification rates will be presented as TB cases notified per 100,000 population per year. The difference in the total number of TB cases notified during the intervention period and the number of TB cases notified in the preceding 3 years will be computed to determine additionality. We will calculate the cumulative yield of TB cases by dividing the number of cases notified in each arm by the total number of people screened for TB. Cumulative yield will be presented as TB cases notified per 1000 individuals screened."}
+{"id": "244156", "text": "However, in the same district one CHW interviewed did not have the device and spent more time writing everything by hand. The electronic data and software on the device helped CHWs to follow up clients, provide ongoing care and coordinate referrals. The lack of electronic devices made it more tedious to keep accurate records of clients seen and the numbers referred to the facilities for further care."}
+{"id": "244235", "text": "Willingness to adopt new clinical records and processes implemented under the parent study emerged as a key theme and facilitator to child TB contact management. Healthcare providers and administrators had positive perceptions of the child contact record and register and the audit and feedback sessions. These are important factors in the scale-up of symptom-based screening and child TB contact management."}
+{"id": "244491", "text": "To identify COPD associated gene susceptibility and lung function in a longitudinal cohort including COPD and subjects who were at risk for developing COPD, and to replicate this in two cross-sectional and longitudinal populations in Chinese Han population."}
+{"id": "244517", "text": "Previous studies revealed that reduction of airway caliber in infancy might increase the risks for wheezing and asthma. However, the evidence for the predictive effects of pulmonary function on respiratory health in children was still inconsistent."}
+{"id": "244576", "text": "Some patients mentioned that GPs would not be willing to contribute unless they were obliged to do so; they felt that some GPs would be reluctant to spend clinic hours with TB patients without being paid. A few also pointed out that collaborations between public and private were not sustainable because GPs were not responsible for providing public health services such as providing free treatment to TB patients. However, all patients agreed that a public-private partnership was a good idea and would benefit them:"}