text
stringlengths 31
606
| source
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|
Lasalocid is an antibacterial agent and a coccidiostat, which is produced by strains of Streptomyces lasaliensis. It is the drug in the feed additives called Bovatec and Avatec. Lasalocid is able to make neutral complexes with monovalent and divalent cations and transport them through apolar phase (including lipid bilayer membranes)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Lavendamycin is a naturally occurring chemical compound discovered in fermentation broth of the soil bacterium Streptomyces lavendulae. Lavendamycin has antibiotic properties and anti-proliferative effects against several cancer cell lines. The use of lavendamycin as a cytotoxic agent in cancer therapy failed due to poor water solubility and non-specific cytotoxicity
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A lipopeptide is a molecule consisting of a lipid connected to a peptide. They are able to self-assemble into different structures. Many bacteria produced these molecules as a part of their metabolism, especially those of the genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Marinone is an antibiotic made by marine actinomycetes.
Biosynthesis
The proposed biosynthesis of marinone was first reported by George et al. The biosynthesis of marinone begins with THN, which is known to be biosynthesized via the condensation of five malonyl-coenzyme A units followed by the aromatization of the resulting pentaketide using a type III polyketide synthase
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Mastoparan is a peptide toxin from wasp venom. It has the chemical structure Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-NH2. The net effect of mastoparan's mode of action depends on cell type, but seemingly always involves exocytosis
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Mercer protocol is a common regimen for antibiotic prophylaxis in the context of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) during pregnancy, when immediate delivery is contraindicated due to known or suspected fetal lung immaturity. It was first described by Mercer et al. in 1997
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria) are bacteria that are resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs. MDR bacteria have seen an increase in prevalence in recent years and pose serious risks to public health. MDR bacteria can be broken into 3 main categories: Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and other (acid-stain)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Mupirocin, sold under the brand name Bactroban among others, is a topical antibiotic useful against superficial skin infections such as impetigo or folliculitis. It may also be used to get rid of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) when present in the nose without symptoms
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Mycosubtilin is a natural lipopeptide with antifungal and hemolytic activities and isolated from Bacillus species. It belongs to the iturin lipopeptide family.
Definition
Mycosubtilin is a natural lipopeptide
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Naphthomycin A is a type of naphthomycin. It was isolated as a yellow pigment from Streptomyces collinus and it shows antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Naphthomycins have the longest ansa aliphatic carbon chain of the ansamycin family
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that is only able to kill or inhibit limited species of bacteria. Examples of narrow-spectrum antibiotics include fidaxomicin and sarecycline.
Advantages
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic allow to kill or inhibit only those bacteria species that are unwanted (i
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Netropsin (also termed congocidine or sinanomycin) is a polyamide with antibiotic and antiviral activity. Netropsin was discovered by Finlay et al. , and first isolated from the actinobacterium Streptomyces netropsis
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Nifurquinazol (NF-1088) is an antibacterial agent of the nitrofuran class. It was never marketed.
Synthesis
Treatment of the amide from 5-nitrofuroic acid with phosphorus oxychloride leads to the corresponding nitrile (2)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its isolation was described in the 1950s, and in 1968 the structure could be elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The structure and properties of nigericin are similar to the antibiotic monensin
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Nitrofurazone (INN, trade name Furacin) is an antimicrobial organic compound belonging to the nitrofuran class. It is most commonly used as a topical antibiotic ointment. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and can be used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Nitroxoline is an antibiotic that has been in use in Europe for about fifty years, and has proven to be very effective at combating biofilm infections. Nitroxoline was shown to cause a decrease in the biofilm density of P. aeruginosa infections, which would allow access to the infection by the immune system in vivo
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Oxepanoprolinamides are a class of antibiotics. They include iboxamycin. These drugs are fully synthetic
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Penicillium rubens is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium and was the first species known to produce the antibiotic penicillin. It was first described by Philibert Melchior Joseph Ehi Biourge in 1923. For the discovery of penicillin from this species Alexander Fleming shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Persister cells are subpopulations of cells that resist treatment, and become antimicrobial tolerant by changing to a state of dormancy or quiescence. Persister cells in their dormancy do not divide. The tolerance shown in persister cells differs from antimicrobial resistance in that the tolerance is not inherited and is reversible
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
α-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is an alkene and it contains a reactive four-membered ring. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Plectasin is an antibiotic protein from the mushroom Pseudoplectania nigrella. It was initially discovered in 2005 and commercialised by Novozymes. Plectasin belongs to the antimicrobial peptide class called fungal defensins, which is also present in invertebrates such as flies and mussels
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Porfiromycin is an N-methyl derivative of the antineoplastic antibiotic, mitomycin C, which is isolated from various Streptomyces bacterial species. As an antineoplastic agent, it is under investigation for the treatment of cancer, particularly head and neck cancer. Porfiromycin works by generating oxygen radicals and alkylating DNA, resulting in interstrand cross-links and single-strand breaks
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Production of antibiotics is a naturally occurring event, that thanks to advances in science can now be replicated and improved upon in laboratory settings. Due to the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, and the efforts of Florey and Chain in 1938, large-scale, pharmaceutical production of antibiotics has been made possible. As with the initial discovery of penicillin, most antibiotics have been discovered as a result of happenstance
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Pyocyanin (PCN−) is one of the many toxic compounds produced and secreted by the Gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a blue secondary metabolite, turning red below pH 4. 9, with the ability to oxidise and reduce other molecules and therefore kill microbes competing against P
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Ramoplanin (INN) is a glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic drug derived from strain ATCC 33076 of Actinoplanes. It is effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
Mechanism
It exerts its bacteriocidal effect by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis, acting by inhibiting the transglycosylation step of peptidoglycan synthesis
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde) is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CHO. It is a bifunctional molecule, containing both a hydroxy and aldehyde functional groups.
The name reuterin is derived from Lactobacillus reuteri, which produces the compound biosynthetically from glycerol as a broad-spectrum antibiotic (bacteriocin)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Ridinilazole (previously known as SMT19969) is an investigational small molecule antibiotic being evaluated for oral administration to treat Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). In vitro, it is bactericidal against C. difficile and suppresses bacterial toxin production; the mechanism of action is thought to involve inhibition of cell division
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Roseophilin is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griscovirides shown to have antitumor activity. The chemical structure can be considered in terms of two components, a macrotricyclic segment and a heterocyclic side-chain. Several laboratory syntheses of roseophilin (e
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Salinosporamide A (Marizomib) is a potent proteasome inhibitor being studied as a potential anticancer agent. It entered phase I human clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma, only three years after its discovery in 2003. This marine natural product is produced by the obligate marine bacteria Salinispora tropica and Salinispora arenicola, which are found in ocean sediment
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Seraticin is an antibiotic discovered by scientists at Swansea University able to inhibit 12 different strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as E. coli and C. difficile
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Sideromycins are a group of antibiotics linked to siderophores by covalent bonds. Examples of naturally occurring sideromycins are albomycin and salmycin. Sideromycins have some unique merits as antibiotic
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Skin secretions are those substances and materials that are secreted by the skin and the external mucous membranes. Some skin secretions are associated with body hair.
Skin secretions originate from glands that in dermal layer of the epidermis
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Spectinomycin, sold under the tradename Trobicin among others, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of gonorrhea infections. It is given by injection into a muscle. Common side effects include pain at the area of injection, rash, nausea, fever, and trouble sleeping
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Surfactin is a cyclic lipopeptide, commonly used as an antibiotic for its capacity as a surfactant. It is an amphiphile capable of withstanding hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments. The Gram-positive bacterial species Bacillus subtilis produces surfactin for its antibiotic effects against competitors
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Taksta (previously CEM-102) is a front-loaded oral dosing regimen of sodium fusidate under development in the U. S. as an antibiotic for gram-positive infections including drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
TAN-1057 A and TAN-1057 B are organic compounds found in the Flexibacter sp. PK-74 bacterium. TAN-1057 A and B are closely related structurally as diastereomers
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
TAN-1057 C and TAN-1057 D are organic compounds found in the Flexibacter sp. PK-74 bacterium. TAN-1057 C and D are closely related structurally as diastereomers
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Tarocin A and tarocin B are two structurally unrelated compounds that inhibit the TarO enzyme involved in teichoic acid biosynthesis in bacteria. Using either of them with β-lactam antibiotics seems to be effective in mice against some β-lactam-resistant bacteria. Because the tarocins lack activity when used alone it may simplify the clinical trials for approval for medical use
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Taurolidine is an antimicrobial that is used to prevent infections in catheters. Side effects and the induction of bacterial resistance is uncommon. It is also being studied as a treatment for cancer
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Tetracenomycin C is an antitumor anthracycline-like antibiotic produced by Streptomyces glaucescens GLA. 0.
The pale-yellow antibiotic is active against some gram-positive bacteria, especially against streptomycetes
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Thiocarlide (or tiocarlide or isoxyl) is a thiourea drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis, inhibiting synthesis of oleic acid and tuberculostearic acid. Thiocarlide has considerable antimycobacterial activity in vitro and is effective against multi-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isoxyl inhibits M
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Tobramycin/dexamethasone, sold under the brand name Tobradex, is a fixed-dose combination medication in the form of eye drops and eye ointment, marketed by Alcon. The active ingredients are tobramycin (an antibiotic) and dexamethasone (a corticosteroid). It is prescribed for the treatment of pink eye in combination with bacterial infections
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. Other uses include for middle ear infections and travelers' diarrhea. With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Violacein is a naturally-occurring bis-indole pigment with antibiotic (anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-tumor) properties. Violacein is produced by several species of bacteria, including Chromobacterium violaceum, and gives these organisms their striking purple hues. Violacein shows increasing commercially interesting uses, especially for industrial applications in cosmetics, medicines and fabrics
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Yaequinolone J1 is an antibiotic made by Penicillium.
Total syntheses of yaequinolone J1
An asymmetric total synthesis of yaequinolone J1 has been published in 2018 by V. Vece, S
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Stromagen is a product that is made of stem cells taken from a patient's bone marrow and grown in the laboratory. After a patient's bone marrow is destroyed by treatment with whole body irradiation or chemotherapy, these cells are injected back into the patient to help rebuild bone marrow. Stromagen has been studied in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease during stem cell transplant in patients receiving treatment for cancer
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Bacterial therapy is the therapeutic use of bacteria to treat diseases. Bacterial therapeutics are living medicines, and may be wild type bacteria (often in the form of probiotics) or bacteria that have been genetically engineered to possess therapeutic properties that is injected into a patient.
Other examples of living medicines include cellular therapeutics (including immunotherapeutics), activators of anti-tumor immunity, or synergizing with existing tools and approaches
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A linear park is a type of park that is significantly longer than it is wide. These linear parks are strips of public land running along canals, rivers, streams, defensive walls, electrical lines, or highways and shorelines. Examples of linear parks include everything from wildlife corridors to riverways to trails, capturing the broadest sense of the word
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A low-energy house is characterized by an energy-efficient design and technical features which enable it to provide high living standards and comfort with low energy consumption and carbon emissions. Traditional heating and active cooling systems are absent, or their use is secondary. Low-energy buildings may be viewed as examples of sustainable architecture
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Natural burial is the interment of the body of a dead person in the soil in a manner that does not inhibit decomposition but allows the body to be naturally recycled. It is an alternative to typical contemporary Western burial methods and modern funerary customs.
The body may be prepared without chemical preservatives or disinfectants such as embalming fluid, which are designed to inhibit the microbial decomposers that break the body down
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl. It also advocates compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-friendly land use, including neighborhood schools, complete streets, and mixed-use development with a range of housing choices. The term "smart growth" is particularly used in North America
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Solar access is the ability of one property to continue to receive sunlight across property lines without obstruction from another’s property (buildings, foliage or other impediment). Solar access is calculated using a sun path diagram. Sun is the source of our vision and energy
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Solar architecture is an architectural approach that takes in account the Sun to harness clean and renewable solar power. It is related to the fields of optics, thermics, electronics and materials science. Both active and passive solar housing skills are involved in solar architecture
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Sustainable City Awards are a national "green business" awards scheme administered by the City of London Corporation. They aim to "recognise and reward best practice in environmental management and sustainable leadership" across twelve categories.
Categories
History
The awards were established in 2001 attract around 250 applications per year, from SMEs and charities to multi-national banks and corporations
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Design standards, reference standards and performance standards are familiar throughout business and industry, virtually for anything that is definable. Sustainable design, taken as reducing our impact on the earth and making things better at the same time, is in the process of becoming defined. Also, many well organized specific methodologies are used by different communities of people for a variety of purposes
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Sustainable development is an organizing principle that aims to meet human development goals while also enabling natural systems to provide necessary natural resources and ecosystem services to humans. The desired result is a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining the planetary integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development tries to find a balance between economic development, environmental protection, and social well-being
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A Sustainable habitat is an ecosystem that produces food and shelter for people and other organisms, without resource depletion and in such a way that no external waste is produced. Thus the habitat can continue into the future tie without external infusions of resources. Such a sustainable habitat may evolve naturally or be produced under the influence of man
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Tactical urbanism, also commonly referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, D. I. Y
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In urban planning, transit-oriented development (TOD) is a type of urban development that maximizes the amount of residential, business and leisure space within walking distance of public transport. It promotes a symbiotic relationship between dense, compact urban form and public transport use. In doing so, TOD aims to increase public transport ridership by reducing the use of private cars and by promoting sustainable urban growth
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be distinguished from other measures of population density. Urban density is considered an important factor in understanding how cities function
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Urban horticulture is the science and study of the growing plants in an urban environment. It focuses on the functional use of horticulture so as to maintain and improve the surrounding urban area. Urban horticulture has seen an increase in attention with the global trend of urbanization and works to study the harvest, aesthetic, architectural, recreational and psychological purposes and effects of plants in urban environments
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
An urban oasis is a public open space, park, or plaza which is located in between buildings or formed by surrounding buildings in an urban setting. It can exist in any kind of culture. There are various sizes of urban oases
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
YVR Sustainability is an operations department at Vancouver International Airport that is concerned with airport green initiatives. Its focus is to expand the airport quality of YVR without harm to the environment or affecting the community in a negative way. It focuses on a variety of initiatives having to do with heating, transport, energy consumption, recycling and noise
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The 100 percent corner is the busiest area in a city. Often it is a crossroads of several major streets, and the place with the highest land value and/or where grid plan numbering is based upon. The term is also used for the place for ideal real estate projects, sometimes considered the intersection of two highways in a suburban area
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Accessibility is the design of products, devices, services, vehicles, or environments so as to be usable by people with disabilities. The concept of accessible design and practice of accessible development ensures both "direct access" (i. e
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
An alley house is a style of house constructed in an alley that serves the back of other homes rather than a larger residential street. Often, these take the form of terraced houses, which can maximize the use of the spatial limitations of an alley. Alley houses were prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; their small size made them less expensive in high demand property markets
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Beautification is the process of making visual improvements to a town, city, or urban area. This most often involves planting trees, shrubbery, and other greenery, but frequently also includes adding decorative or historic-style street lights and other lighting and replacing broken pavement, often with brick or other natural materials. Old-fashioned cobblestones are sometimes used for crosswalks; they provide the additional benefit of slowing motorists
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Brownfield refers to land that is abandoned or underutilized due to pollution from industrial use. The specific definition of brownfield land varies and is decided by policy makers and/or land developers within different countries. The main difference in definitions of whether a piece of land is considered a brownfield or not depends on the presence or absence of pollution
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Build-out is an urban planner’s estimate of the amount and location of potential development for an area. Sometimes called a "lot-yield analysis", build-out is one step of the land use planning process. Evaluation of potential development impacts begins with a build-out analysis
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Californication is a portmanteau of California and fornication, appearing in Time on May 6, 1966 and written about on August 21, 1972, additionally seen on bumper stickers in the U. S. states of Idaho, Washington, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A city block, residential block, urban block, or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design.
A city block is the smallest group of buildings that is surrounded by streets, not counting any type of thoroughfare within the area of a building or comparable structure. City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, and form the basic unit of a city's urban fabric
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A civic center or civic centre is a prominent land area within a community that is constructed to be its focal point or center. It usually contains one or more dominant public buildings, which may also include a government building. Recently, the term "civic center" has been used in reference to an entire central business district of a community or a major shopping center in the middle of a community
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Community displacement is the movement of a population out of a neighborhood as formal or informal redevelopment occurs. It may be a result of gentrification, the informal redevelopment that occurs when new, and typically richer people, move into a neighborhood. It is the result of urban redevelopment of a residential neighborhood to non-residential uses including retail, education, healthcare, and transportation
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Comprehensive planning is an ordered process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The end product is called a comprehensive plan, also known as a general plan, or master plan. This resulting document expresses and regulates public policies on transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, and housing
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A conscious city is a large built environment that is aware of the needs and activities of its inhabitants and responds to them. Research in conscious cities explores how architecture and urban design can better consider and respond to human needs through data analysis, artificial intelligence, and the application of cognitive sciences in design. While a smart city focuses on improving efficiency of services, a conscious city applies new technology and behavioral insight into improving an experience and its mental and physiological effects
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A conurbation is a region comprising a number of metropolises, cities, large towns, and other urban areas which through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area in which transportation has developed to link areas. They create a single urban labour market or travel to work area
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In urban planning, a historic core city or central city is the municipality with the largest 1940 population in the present metropolitan area (metropolitan statistical area). This term was retired by the US census bureau and replaced by the term principal city, which can include historic core cities and post WW2 cities. Metropolitan areas are no longer considered monocentric, but had become polycentric due to suburbanization of employment
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The creative city is a concept that argues creativity should be considered a strategic factor in urban development. In addition to cities being efficient and fair, a creative city provides places, experiences, favorites, attractions, and opportunities to foster creativity among its citizens.
Creativity and imagination in urban activities
The creative city, when introduced, was seen as aspirational; a clarion call to encourage open-mindedness and imagination implying a dramatic impact on organizational culture
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2021 and 24 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Andrew 43333
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Downtown is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district (CBD). Downtowns typically contain a small percentage of a city’s employment
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
"Eco-municipality" has a specific meaning. For a more general discussion of the sustainability of cities, see Sustainable city. An eco-municipality or eco-town is a local government area that has adopted ecological and social justice values in its charter
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
An ecovillage is a traditional or intentional community with the goal of becoming more socially, culturally, economically, and/or ecologically sustainable. An ecovillage strives to produce the least possible negative impact on the natural environment through intentional physical design and resident behavior choices. It is consciously designed through locally owned, participatory processes to regenerate and restore its social and natural environments
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Ekistics is the science of human settlements including regional, city, community planning and dwelling design. Its major incentive was the emergence of increasingly large and complex conurbations, tending even to a worldwide city. The study involves every kind of human settlement, with particular attention to geography, ecology, human psychology, anthropology, culture, politics, and occasionally aesthetics
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In geography and urban planning, elbow roomers are people who leave a city for the countryside to seek more land and greater freedom from governmental and neighborhood interference. Some are carrying out activities such as large-scale gardening, the raising of horses or other animals, or farming, or otherwise have a genuine need for the space. Others wish to pursue a rural lifestyle for reasons unrelated to space itself
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Floor area ratio (FAR) is the ratio of a building's total floor area (gross floor area) to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. It is often used as one of the regulations in city planning along with the building-to-land ratio. The terms can also refer to limits imposed on such a ratio through zoning
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The fused grid is a street network pattern first proposed in 2002 and subsequently applied in Calgary, Alberta (2006) and Stratford, Ontario (2004). It represents a synthesis of two well known and extensively used network concepts: the "grid" and the "Radburn" pattern, derivatives of which are found in most city suburbs. Both concepts were conscious attempts to organize urban space for habitation
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Gateway communities are cities or towns that lie just outside major tourist attractions such as national parks, wilderness areas, or nature resort areas. Examples of gateway communities in the US include Jackson, Wyoming; Tusayan, Arizona; and Gardiner, Montana.
These places provide services for guests of the adjacent attractions, such as gas, food, and lodging, and as a result rely upon these attractions to sustain their economy
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Max-interacting transcriptional repressor MAD4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MXD4 gene.
Function
This gene is a member of the MAD gene family . The MAD genes encode basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper proteins that heterodimerize with MAX protein, forming a transcriptional repression complex
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
MAX-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MXI1 gene.
Function
Expression of the c-myc gene, which produces an oncogenic transcription factor, is tightly regulated in normal cells but is frequently deregulated in human cancers. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional repressor thought to negatively regulate MYC function, and is therefore a potential tumor suppressor
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Myb genes are part of a large gene family of transcription factors found in animals and plants. In humans, it includes Myb proto-oncogene like 1 and Myb-related protein B in addition to MYB proper. Members of the extended SANT/Myb family also include the SANT domain and other similar all-helical homeobox-like domains
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Myb-related protein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBL2 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the MYB family of transcription factor genes, is a nuclear protein involved in cell cycle progression. The encoded protein is phosphorylated by cyclin A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 during the S-phase of the cell cycle and possesses both activator and repressor activities
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The Myc family consists of three related human genes: c-myc (MYC), l-myc (MYCL), and n-myc (MYCN). c-myc (also sometimes referred to as MYC) was the first gene to be discovered in this family, due to homology with the viral gene v-myc
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYC gene which is a member of the myc family of transcription factors. The protein contains basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) structural motif.
Function
This gene is a proto-oncogene and encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
L-myc-1 proto-oncogene protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCL1 gene. MYCL1 is a bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor implicated in lung cancer.
Interactions
MYCL1 has been shown to interact with MAX
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Myogenic factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYF5 gene.
It is a protein with a key role in regulating muscle differentiation or myogenesis, specifically the development of skeletal muscle. Myf5 belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Myogenic factor 6 (also known as Mrf4 or herculin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYF6 gene.
This gene is also known in the biomedical literature as MRF4 and herculin. MYF6 is a myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) involved in the process known as myogenesis
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2A gene. MEF2A is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family. In humans it is located on chromosome 15q26
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
MyoD, also known as myoblast determination protein 1, is a protein in animals that plays a major role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD, which was discovered in the laboratory of Harold M. Weintraub, belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that regulate myogenesis: MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4. These proteins contain a conserved basic DNA binding domain that binds the E box DNA motif. They dimerize with other HLH containing proteins through an HLH-HLH interaction
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Neurogenic differentiation factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEUROD2 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the neuroD family of neurogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. Expression of this gene can induce transcription from neuron-specific promoters, such as the GAP-43 promoter, which contain a specific DNA sequence known as an E-box
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.