Mis tíos vivían en Táchira, Venezuela en los años 60 y tenían una hacienda pequeña de café, mensualmente, producían 20 arrobas de café. Cada mes, comercializaban el café y lo vendían a un churupo por kilo. ¿Cuántos bolívares obtenían al año?

My uncles lived in Táchira, Venezuela, in the 1960s and had a small coffee farm. They produced 20 "arrobas" (old Hispanic measure) of coffee monthly. Each month, they sold the coffee at one "churupo" (old Venezuelan currency) per kilogram. How many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) did they earn per year?

English Reasoning: To calculate the "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) they obtained per year, we need to make some conversions and establish the common values for the time:

Data:
• Value of the "arroba" (old Hispanic measure): In Venezuela, traditionally, one arroba is equivalent to 11.5 kilograms (kg).
• Value of the "churupo" (old Venezuelan currency): In the 1960s, the "churupo" was the popular name for the 5-cent bolívar coin (Bs. 0.05).

Calculations:
• Monthly production in kilograms:
20 arrobas/month x 11.5 kg/arroba = 230 kg/month

• Monthly income in churupos:
230 kg/month x 1 churupo/kg = 230 churupos/month.

• Monthly income in bolívares:
230 churupos/month x 1 Bs 0.05/churupo = Bs. 11.50/month.

• Annual income in bolívares:
Bs. 11.50/month x 12 months/year = Bs. 138 per year.

Therefore, the uncles obtained approximately 138 bolívares per year from the sale of their coffee.

English Final Answer: Bs. 138 (in Spanish, "138 bolívares")


Mi amigo de Venezuela, encontró una caja que era de su bisabuela y en ella estaban guardadas 200 churupos, 50 reales y 30 medios. ¿Cuántos bolívares había en total?

My friend from Venezuela found a box that belonged to his great-grandmother, and inside it, there were 200 "churupos" (old Venezuelan coin), 50 "reales" (old Venezuelan coin), and 30 "medios" (old Venezuelan coin). How many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) were there in total?

English Reasoning:
This problem involves Venezuelan historical currency units. We need to convert everything to bolívares. According to the historical Venezuelan monetary system:
• 1 real = 0.5 bolívares (or 2 reales = 1 bolívar)
• 1 medio = 0.25 bolívares (medio means "half" in Spanish, so it's half a real)
• 1 churupo = 0.05 bolívares

Now we can calculate:
• 200 churupos x 0.05 bolívares = 10 bolívares
• 50 reales x 0.5 bolívares = 25 bolívares
• 30 medios x 0.25 bolívares = 7.5 bolívares

Total = 10 + 25 + 7.5 = 42.5 bolívares

English Final Answer: Bs. 42.5 (in Spanish, "47.5 bolívares")

Mathematical & Logical Reasoning with Cultural Relevance


Tengo una mascota, vaca no es, es un miquito. ¿Qué cualidad tiene? ya te he dicho cúal es.

I have a pet, it's not a cow (vaca no es), it's a little monkey. What is its quality? I have already told you what it is.
In Spanish, the “b” and the “v” are pronounced the same.
“Bacano” is a colloquial Spanish word for positive or great.

English Reasoning: The word "bacano" can be broken down phonetically into two words, "baca" and "no," so the play on words consists of purposefully confusing the expression "vaca no" with the quality "bacano" by stating that the monkey is "bacano." "Bacano" describes something positive, interesting, funny, or that makes a good impression. This word is Colombian slang.

English Final Answer: Great (In Spanish, "bacano").

Wordplay & Riddles with Cultural Context


Es cuadra la tiene, es cuadrado también. Si el escuadrar lo contiene, ¿qué término es?

It has a square (es cuadra), it is also a square. (es cuadra tambien) If the square contains it, what term is it?

In Spanish, Square tool it says Escuadra (Es cuadra).

English Reasoning: This is a Spanish wordplay riddle that plays with the words related to "cuadrado" (square). We need to find a term that contains "cuadra" (block), relates to "cuadrado" (square/squared), and is contained within "escuadrar" (to square). Looking at these Spanish words and their relationships, "escuadra" (which means a carpenter's or mathematician's square tool or set square in English) fits these requirements: it contains "cuadra", relates to the concept of squares, and its letters are contained within "escuadrar".

English Final Answer: Square tool/Set square. (In Spanish, Escuadra)


"¡Qué madura!" exclamó la madre de Juana al verla cuidar a su hermano más chico. Como ella le tenía miedo al fuego, se asustó y empezó a gritar. ¿Qué perturbó a Juana?

"How mature!" (¡Qué Madura!) Exclaimed Juana's mother when seeing her taking here of her younger brother. Because she was afraid of fire, she panicked and started screaming. What disturbed Juana?

In Spanish, "Quemadura" means burn and "Qué madura" means how mature.

English Reasoning: The phrase "¡Qué madura!" (How mature!) sounds like "Quemadura" which means "burn" in Spanish. Because Juana is afraid of fire, she panicked when hearing those two words being pronounced together, which sound like the Spanish word for burn in Spanish (Quemadura).

English Final Answer: The word burn scared her (in Spanish Quemadura / Que-Madura).


Después de una semana sin ver a mi amiga, al verla le dije:
¡Vaya semanita!
Ella se puso triste.

¿Qué fue lo que interpreto?

After a week without seeing my friend, when I saw her, I told her:
What a week!

She became sad.
What did she interpret?

In Spanish, “¡Vaya semanita!” means What a week!, and “Váyase manita” means Go away my friend!

English Reasoning: The friend felt left out due to a phonetic misunderstanding. She interpreted "Váyase, manita", which means "Go away, my friend!". However, what was actually said was "¡Vaya semanita!", which means "What a week!", referring to a week full of activities or important events.

English Final Answer: Go away, my friend (in Spanish, Vayase Manita!)


Mi papá me preguntó qué opinaba de un político, y le respondí que me parecía muy devoto, pero él me respondió "normal, solo así son elegidos". ¿Qué fue lo que entendió?

My dad asked me what I thought of a politician, and I replied that he seemed very devout (devoto), but he responded, "Of course, that’s the only way they get elected." What did he understand?

In Spanish, the word "devoto" means "devout", and "de voto" means "through vote".

English Reasoning: The father interpreted "devoto" (devout) as "de voto" (through vote). So he replied: "Of course, that’s the only way they get elected," thinking that the speaker ignored his question and only said that the politician got chosen through the vote.

English Final Answer: "Devoto" (devout) was understood as "de voto" (through vote).


Mis padres se casaron en Naiguatá en el año 1987, justo 3 días antes del entierro de la sardina. Si hoy es 27 de mayo de 2025, ¿cuántas veces le ha concordado su aniversario de bodas con el propio día del entierro de la sardina?

My parents got married in Naiguatá in 1987, exactly 3 days before the "Burial of the Sardine" (Entierro de la sardina). If today is May 27, 2025, how many times has their wedding anniversary coincided with the actual day of the "Burial of the Sardine" (Entierro de la sardina)?

English Reasoning:
In 1987, Easter Sunday fell on April 19, so Ash Wednesday (the day of the sardine burial) was March 4; their wedding date was therefore March 1. Each year, the burial of the sardine is on Ash Wednesday, which is 46 days before Easter. For their anniversary (March 1) to coincide with the burial, Ash Wednesday must fall on March 1, meaning Easter must be on April 16. Between 1987 and 2025 Easter landed on April 16 in 1995, 2006, and 2017 - three occasions.

English Final Answer: 3


El año pasado, mi hermano se fue a participar en el Clásico Nacional de Pesca del Rey en el estado Falcón, el primer día del festival lo fui a apoyar y estuvimos compartiendo. Ese fue el último día que lo vi, porque luego tuve que viajar y él se fue hacia otro estado. Al día de hoy, 6 de mayo de 2025, ¿cuántos días tengo sin ver a mi hermano?

Last year, my brother went to participate in the King's National Fishing Classic in Falcon State. On the first day of the festival, I went to support him, and we spent time together. That was the last day I saw him because then I had to travel, and he went to another state. As of today, May 6th, 2025, how many days have I gone without seeing my brother?

English Reasoning: The last meeting took place on the first day of the festival, which usually starts on November 7th each year. So, the duration from November 7th, 2024, to May 6th, 2025, is calculated as follows:

November 7th, 2024, to May 6, 2025 = 180 days.

English Final Answer: 180 days (in Spanish, 180 días).


Para el día del patrimonio cultural en Venezuela, mis amigos Mary, Víctor, Jesús, Karla y yo haremos una actividad en la universidad en donde cada uno representará a un estado diferente de Venezuela. ¿Podrías decirme qué estado representará cada uno?

Información disponible:
Mary usará palabras como naguara y guaro.
Víctor cocinará patacón y cantará gaitas.
Jesús llevará mazapán y colocará canciones de calipso.
Karla se disfrazará de diablo danzante.
Y yo bailaré la danza tres andina.

For Cultural Heritage Day in Venezuela, my friends Mary, Víctor, Jesús, Karla and I will do an activity at the university where each of us will represent a different Venezuelan state. Can you tell me which state each person will represent?
Available information:
-Mary will use words like "naguara" (expression of astonishment commonly used in a state of Venezuela) and "guaro" (expression to refer to a man).
-Victor will cook "patacón" (food made from plantains) and sing "gaitas" (typical music of a Venezuelan state).
-Jesús will bring mazapán (snack made from cashew seeds) and play calypso songs.
-Karla will dress as a dancing devil.
-And I will dance "tres andina" (typical dance) dance.

English Reasoning: Let's analyze the clues for each person:

-Mary: The words "naguara" and "guaro" are strongly associated with the state of Lara.
-Víctor: "Patacón" and "gaitas" are typical from Zulia state, especially Maracaibo.
-Jesús: "Mazapán" and "calypso" songs are typical from Bolívar state, particularly in the city of "El Callao," where calypso is traditional.
-Karla: The "diablos danzantes" (dancing devils) are characteristic of the state of Miranda, specifically "Yare."
-You: The "danza tres" is a traditional Andean dance, particularly associated with Táchira, so you represent the Táchira state.

English Final Answer: Mary: Lara, Víctor: Zulia, Jesús: Bolívar, Karla: Miranda, You: Táchira.


Mi amigo ha venido de visita de Bogotá a Medellin y vamos a celebrar el cumpleaños de su hija Valeri pronto, ya que todavía no la conocemos porque nació hace 2 años. Sin embargo, el evento va a ser realizado en un lugar exclusivo y solamente se van a admitir a las 10 primeras personas que resuelvan el siguiente acertijo: El primer apellido de su hija es igual nombre del título de los magos de un día feriado, es el mismo día en el que nació ese año específico y corresponde al día en que fue seleccionado como día feriado ese año ¿En qué día exacto de la semana nació si hoy es 24 de diciembre del 2023?

A friend has come to visit from Bogotá to Medellín, and there will soon be a celebration for his daughter Valeri's birthday, since no one has met her yet, because she was born 2 years ago. However, the event will be held at an exclusive location, and only the first 10 people who solve the following riddle will be admitted: Her middle name is the same as the name of the first religious public holiday when the wisemen arrive. What exact day of the week was she born, if today is December 24, 2023?

English Reasoning:
First, the location is identified as Colombia, and its relation to public holidays is considered. Second, the first public holiday is "Día de los Reyes Magos" (Three Wise Men, also known as Three Kings’ Day). So it can be assumed that Valeri’s middle name could be “Reyes" (Valeri Reyes). Third, the calculation is made. If today is December 24, 2023, and she was born 2 years ago, then her birth year is 2021. This points to January 6, 2021, and Valeri’s next birthday is coming soon. Fourth and final, considering that in Colombia several holidays are moved from Tuesday to Sunday to the next Monday under the "Ley Emiliani" (Emiliani Law), the original public holiday would have been Wednesday, January 6, but is moved to the next Monday, January 11. As a result, Valeri Epifanía’s birthday is January 11.

English Final Answer:  Monday.


Siempre nos juntamos en la fiesta de San Juan en Moyobamba. Este año cada amigo traerá un platillo para compartir. Los platillos son: Tacacho, juane, inchicapi y patarashca.

Ayúdame a indentificar qué platillo llevará cada amigo:
-A Clara le cae mal el chancho.
-A Mateo le gusta la yuca y no tanto el plátano.
-A Luis le recuerda mucho a su papá.
-A Nancy le encanta el chancho.

Clara: Inchicapi
Mateo: Patarashca
Luis: Juane
Nancy: Tacacho

We always get together for the San Juan Festival in Moyobamba. This year, each friend will bring a dish to share. The dishes are: Tacacho, Juane, Inchicapi, and Patarashca.

Help me identify which dish each friend will bring:

- Clara can't tolerate pork.
- Mateo likes cassava (yuca) but not so much plantain.
- Luis is strongly reminded of his father by his dish.
- Nancy loves pork.

English Reasoning: During the Fiesta de San Juan in Peru (celebrated on June 24th), it is traditional to enjoy the following typical dishes:

- Tacacho con cecina (tacacho with jerky): Prepared with fried green plantains mashed and mixed with pork fat, served alongside smoked and dried pork (cecina).
- Inchicapi de gallina (inchicapi of hen): A thick soup whose main ingredients are peanuts, free-range chicken, yuca (cassava), and palillo (turmeric).
- Patarashca: River fish seasoned, wrapped in bijao (banana) leaves, and slowly cooked over fire; typically served with boiled yuca.
- Juane: An emblematic dish of the festivity, made with seasoned rice and a piece of chicken, all wrapped in bijao leaves.

Deduction based on the information:

- Clara likes pork. The main ingredient of Tacacho con cecina (tacacho with jerky) is smoked pork, so this would be her dish.
- Mateo likes cassava (yuca). Patarashca is typically served with cassava as a side, so this would be his dish.
- Luis is reminded of his father by the dish. Juane is associated with the festival of San Juan (Saint John), so it is reasonable to deduce that Luis's father is named Juan, making Juane his dish.
- Nancy does not like pork. Since the other dishes have already been assigned, the remaining dish is Inchicapi de gallina (inchicapi of hen), which does not contain pork, making it a fitting choice.

English Final Answer:
- Clara: Inchicapi.
- Mateo: Patarashca.
- Luis: Juane.
- Nancy: Tacacho.


Mi hermana Rosa nació el mismo año en el que se corrió por primera vez el Gran Maratón Pacífico. Yo nací 3 años después y mi hermano Juan nació 4 años antes que Rosa. Como buenos mazatlecos, participamos todos los años en el maratón. Considerando que todos nacimos en el mes de marzo, dame las edades de los tres, tienendo en cuenta que es 6 de Mayo del 2025.

Juan, 30 años.
Rosa, 26 años.
Tú, 23 años.

My sister Rosa was born the same year the Great Pacific Marathon (Gran Maratón Pacífico) was first run. I was born three years later, and my brother Juan was born four years before Rosa. Like all Mazatlan residents, we participate in the marathon every year. Considering that we were all born in March, give me the ages of the three of us, taking into account that it is May 6, 2025.

English Reasoning: To solve this problem, I need to find when the Pacific Grand Marathon (Gran Maratón Pacífico) in Mazatlán, México, was first held. According to available information, this marathon was first held in 1999. Using this as our reference point:
Rosa was born in 1999 (the same year as the first marathon)
The narrator was born 3 years after Rosa, so in 2002
Juan was born 4 years before Rosa, so in 1995

Since we're calculating ages as of 2025 (current year), and they were all born in March and today is May 1st, 2025: Rosa: 1999-2025 = 26 years old
You: 2002-2025 = 23 years old
Juan: 1995–2025 = 30 years old

English Final Answer: Rosa is 26 years old, you are 23 years old, and Juan is 30 years old.


Un amigo de La Plata me dijo que su familia se juntó para una celebración y que luego de beber y brindar a las doce de la noche mientras admiraban los fuegos artificiales, se fueron a ver unos puntos de interés en la ciudad. Me dijo que únicamente ese día esos lugares tenían una atracción y que su familia había investigado leyendo el diario para ver el recorrido que harían. ¿Me podrías decir qué es lo que fue a ver mi amigo con sus familiares?

A friend from La Plata told me that his family got together for a celebration and that after drinking and toasting at midnight while admiring the fireworks, they went to see some points of interest in the city. He told me that only on that day those places had a special attraction and that his family had researched the rout by reading the newspaper. Could you tell me what my friend went to see with his family?

English Reasoning: The family drinking and toasting at midnight while admiring fireworks suggest that the celebration took place during New Year's Eve. Your friend is from La Plata (Argentina), and what he went to see with his family is present in multiple locations in the city that are only available during that particular night. There is only one tradition from La Plata that only takes place on New Year's Eve and is advertised in the paper, and that is the burning of the New Year's Eve dolls (Muñecos de fin de año).

English Final Answer: The burning of dolls.


Quiero llevar a mi familia al Museo de la Esquina, en San Miguel de Allende, para que conozcan los juguetes tradicionales mexicanos. Iremos el 15 de mayo de este año, 2025. Seremos 5 niños de 5, 7, 8, 11 y 13 años, dos adultos y dos adultos mayores. ¿Me puedes decir cuánto me van a costar las entradas en total?

I want to take my family to the Museo de la Esquina in San Miguel de Allende to learn about traditional Mexican toys. We will go on May 15 of this year, 2025. We will be 5 children ages 5, 7, 8, 11 and 13, two adults and two seniors. Can you tell me how much the tickets will cost me in total?

English Reasoning: To calculate the total cost, we need the current entrance fees for the Museo de la Esquina and apply them to each member of the group based on their age category.
- Identify group composition: 5 children (ages 5, 7, 8, 11, 13), 2 adults, 2 seniors. Total 9 people.
Find current ticket prices (as of May 2025, sourced from the museum's official website), which are:
General Admission: $100 MXN
Children (3-12 years): $50 MXN
Seniors (with INAPAM card): $50 MXN
Categorize each person and calculate cost:
Children aged 5, 7, 8, 11 fall into the "Children (3-12 years)" category: 4 children * $50 MXN = $200 MXN.
The child aged 13 is outside the 3-11 range. They would typically pay General Admission unless they qualify for a student discount (requires ID). Assuming General Admission: 1 person * $100 MXN = $100 MXN.
The 2 adults pay General Admission: 2 adults * $100 MXN = $200 MXN.
The 2 senior citizens likely qualify for the Senior rate (assuming they have the required INAPAM card): 2 seniors * $50MXN = $100 MXN.

Sum the costs: $200 (children) + $100 (13-year-old) + $200 (adults) + $100 (seniors) = $600 MXN.

English Final Answer: $600 MXN.


En el 2024, mis padres fueron por mí a la marcha de Tlatelolco. ¿La razón? Acababa de fallecer mi tatarabuelo. Aunque no me especificaron su fecha de nacimiento, mi padre me dijo que su bisabuelo tenía 13 años cuando se consumó la expropiación petrolera. Asimismo, ya en el funeral, escuché a mi bisabuela decir lo siguiente: "Mi abuelita siempre le hacía a mi padre su pozole el día de su cumpleaños. Y al día siguiente, mi abuelo y él partían hacia la capital para ver el desfile militar. Después se pasaban al mercado, y allí compraban algunos insumos para el pan de muerto, porque si compraban el mero mes todo les salía más caro". ¿Con cuántos años cumplidos murió el tatarabuelo?

In 2024, my parents picked me up from the Tlatelolco march. The reason? My great-great-grandfather had just died. Although they didn't specify his date of birth, my father told me that his great-grandfather was 13 years old when the oil expropriation was consummated. Also, at the funeral, I heard my great-grandmother say the following: "My grandmother always made pozole for my father on his birthday. And the next day, my grandfather and he would go to the capital to see the military parade. Afterward they would go to the market, and there they would buy some supplies for the Day of the Dead bread, because if they bought it during the actual month everything would be more expensive." How old was the great-great-grandfather when he died?

English Reasoning:

Let's break down the information step by step.

1. Great-great-grandfather's date of death: in 2024, on a date close to (most probably the same day of) the Tlatelolco march. The Tlatelolco memorial march is on October 2.

2. Great-great-grandfather's birthday:
* “My granny always made my father his pozole on his birthday.”
* “And the next day, he and my grandfather would leave for the capital to see the military parade.”
* The military parade in Mexico is on September 16 (Independence Day).
* If the day after the birthday they went to the parade, then the great-great-grandfather's birthday was September 15.

3. Age of the great-great-grandfather during the oil expropriation:
* “his great-great-grandfather (of the narrator's father, i.e., the narrator's great-great-grandfather) was 13 years old when the oil expropriation was consummated.”
* The oil expropriation was consummated on March 18, 1938.
* On that date, the great-great-grandfather was already 13 years old.

4. Calculation of the great-great-grandfather's year of birth:
* If he was 13 years old on March 18, 1938, and his birthday is September 15, it means that his 13th birthday was September 15, 1937.
* Year of birth = 1937 - 13 = 1924.
* Great-great-grandfather's birth date: September 15, 1924.

5. Calculation of age at death:
* He died in 2024.
* His birthday is September 15.
* The narrator learns of the death when his parents go to pick him up from the Tlatelolco march (October 2, 2024). This implies that the great-great-grandfather passed away shortly before that date.
* Since September 15, 2024, is before October 2, 2024, the great-great-grandfather DID have a birthday in 2024.
* Years attained = Year of death - Year of birth
* Years attained = 2024 - 1924 = 100 years.

Therefore, the great-great-grandfather died aged 100.

English Final Answer: At 100 years old.


El año pasado, 2024, fui a Lara y asistí al Baile de los Zaragozas, me quede realmente impresionada, por lo que no puede esperar para volver a asistir. ¿Si estamos a 7 de mayo de 2025, cuántos días faltan para la siguiente celebración de los Zaragozas?

Last year, 2024, I went to Lara and attended the "Zaragozas Dance" (Venezuelan festival). I was really impressed, so I can't wait to attend again. If we are on May 7, 2025, how many days are left until the next celebration of the Zaragozas?

English Reasoning:
The Zaragozas is a traditional celebration. To determine the number of days until the next celebration, we first need to identify the date of the Zaragozas. The Zaragozas is Lara, Venezuela, typically take place on December 28th, which is known as "Día de los Santos Inocentes" (Day of the Holy Innocents). Given that today is May 7, 2025, we need to calculate the number of days from May 7, 2025, to December 28, 2025.
To calculate the number of days, we count the remaining days in May (24 days), then the days in the following months until December: June (30 days), July (31 days), August (31 days), September (30 days), October (31 days), November (30 days), and finally, the days in December until the 28th (28 days). So, the total number of days is: 24 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 28 = 235 days.

English Final Answer: 235


He olvidado la contraseña de seguridad de mi casa. Por suerte, escribí la siguiente frase para recordarla: "El águila voló con fuerza sobre el amplio desierto, mientras el hacha cortara la leña en el cálido valle".

La contraseña consta de 3 letras y 3 números, basados en las siguientes condiciones:

Las letras iniciales de los primeros 3 sustantivos. Si el articulo del sustantivo cambia en singular y en el plural, entonces la inicial es en mayúscula; caso contrario en minúscula.
Los números coinciden a partir del último verbo subjuntivo. Si el verbo está en presente subjuntivo, cada número es la cantidad de vocales en la palabra; si el verbo está en imperfecto del subjuntivo, cada número es la cantidad de consonantes en la palabra; y si el verbo está en futuro del subjuntivo, cada número es la cantidad total de letras en la palabra.

Prompt Translation To English:

I have forgotten the security password for my house. Luckily, I wrote the following sentence to remember it: "The eagle flew strongly over the wide desert, while the axe would cut (cortara) the wood in the warm valley”.

The password consists of 3 letters and 3 numbers, based on the following conditions:

The initial letters of the first 3 nouns. If the article of the noun changes from singular and to plural, then the initial is in uppercase; otherwise in lowercase.
The numbers coincide with the last subjunctive verb. If the verb is in present subjunctive, each number is the quantity of vowels in the word; if the verb is in imperfect subjunctive, each number is the quantity of consonants in the word; and if the verb is in future subjunctive, each number is the total quantity of letters in the word.

In Spanish, in this context, the word “cortara” is imperfect subjunctive, so there isn’t an equivalent translation, as “would cut” is close but not exact.

English Reasoning:

In Spanish, some feminine words beginning with a stressed "a" or "ha-" use the masculine article "el" instead of "la" to avoid a cacophonic sound. For example, "el águila" is used instead of "la águila". However, in the plural form, the article reverts to "las", as in "las águilas". This change only occurs in the singular to prevent an awkward sound.

The imperfect subjunctive in Spanish has no direct equivalent in English, as it conveys hypothetical situations, wishes, or unlikely actions in the past with a structured form that does not exist in English.

In Spanish, forms like “cortara” indicate not only the tense (past) but also the conditional or unreal nature of the action. In English, a more complex structure is required, such as "if he were to cut" or "would cut", but these constructions do not fully convey the same grammatical nuance and are not conjugated in the same way.

Moreover, in English, no single verb form changes to express this combination of tense and modality, whereas in Spanish, each verb has a specific form for the imperfect subjunctive. Therefore, the concept and grammatical function cannot be directly translated.

First, identify the first three nouns in the phrase are "águila" (eagle), "fuerza" (strength), and "desierto" (desert).

Second, words are classified if the article changes gender in their singular and plural form:
The word "águila" in the singular is used with the masculine article "el águila" for phonetic reasons, while in the plural, the feminine article "las águilas" is used. Since the article changes gender, the initial "A" is capitalized.
In the case of "fuerza," both in singular and plural, the feminine article is used: "la fuerza" and "las fuerzas”, so the initial "f" remains lowercase.
Finally, "desierto" follows a similar structure, with the masculine article "el desierto" in singular and "los desiertos" in plural, keeping the initial "d" in lowercase.

Third, for the numbers, the last subjunctive verb is "cortara" (would cut). Since it is in the imperfect subjunctive, each number represents the count of consonants in the word. "Cortara" has four consonants (c, r, t, r), so the three numbers are 4, 4, 4.

Combining the letters and numbers, the password is Afd444.

English Final Answer: Afd444

Linguistic Reasoning with Cultural Significance


La semana pasada salí a cenar con algunos amigos y me llevé a algunos familiares. ¿Podrías decirme a cuántos familiares me lleve a cenar?
• En la cena estuvo Sebastián, ¡vaya primo!, se deja explotar en el trabajo.
• También asistió mi prima Leticia.
• Con Leticia fue Luis, ¡qué primo! Su esposa lo ha engañado muchas veces.
• Mi primo Ricardo, fue conmigo, le encanta cenar afuera.
• Y por último, asistió Jesús, ¡qué primo es! Le vendieron una moto vieja como si fuera nueva.

Last week I went out to dinner with some friends and took some relatives. Could you tell me how many relatives I took to dinner?

• Sebastián was at the dinner; what a "cousin!" ("primo" Spanish colloquial term to say loser) He overworks himself.
• My cousin Leticia also attended.
• Luis went with Leticia; what a "cousin!" ("primo" Spanish colloquial term to say loser) His wife has cheated on him many times.
• My cousin Ricardo went with me; he loves dinning out.
• Lastly, Jesús attended, what a "cousin!" ("primo" Spanish colloquial term to say loser) They sold him an old motorcycle as if it were new.

English Reasoning: This question requires understanding a Spanish wordplay. The word "primo" (cousin) in Spanish has two meanings: "cousin" (a family relationship) and colloquially "loser" or "someone easily fooled." Looking at each bullet point, I need to determine who is actually a family member:

1. Sebastian - The phrase ¡vaya primo! (what a cousin!) is using "primo" to mean "loser" (about being exploited), not identifying him as a cousin.

2. Leticia - Explicitly identified as "mi prima" (my cousin).

3. Luis - The phrase ¡qué primo! (what a cousin!) is using "primo" to mean "loser" (about being cheated on), not identifying him as a cousin.

4. Ricardo - Explicitly identified as "mi primo" (my cousin).

5. Jesús - The phrase "¡qué primo es!" (what a cousin!) is using "primo" to mean "sucker" (about being sold an old motorcycle), not identifying him as a cousin.

So, you took two family members, Leticia and Ricardo, to dinner.

English Final Answer: 2


He conocido nuevas personas en mis clases de pintura en Lima. Es muy graciosa la forma en la que cada uno se presenta, presta atención:

Dani es chef y anda innovando sus recetas con su toque "huambra".
Alex es buzo y tiene más aventuras que un "bufeo".
Cris es paracaidista y no le tiene miedo ni a "la visita de Andrés".
Jos es dulce como "Kin Kong con champús".

¿Puedes decirme cuántos son hombres y cúantas son mujeres?

Dos mujeres: Dani y Cris
Dos hombres: Alex y Jos

I've met new people in my painting class in Lima. The way each person introduces is quite amusing—pay close attention:

-Dani is a chef experimenting with new recipes inspired by a "huambra" style (a word from the Peruvian Amazon that often refers to a girl or young woman).
-Alex is a scuba diver who claims to have more adventures than a "bufeo" (a pink Amazon River dolphin).
-Cris is a skydiver who says she isn't even afraid of "Andrés's visit" (a popular Latin American euphemism for menstruation).
-Jos is as sweet as "King Kong and champús" (traditional desserts from northern Peru).

Can you tell me how many men and how many women there are?

Reasoning in English: To identify the gender of the characters based on their descriptions, cultural expressions, and references specific to Peru were considered:

Alex and the bufeo:
The phrase "has more adventures than a bufeo" refers to the legend of the bufeo in the Peruvian Amazon. According to this oral tradition, the "bufeo" (the pink Amazon River dolphin) is a man who transforms into a dolphin to seduce women and take them to his underwater world. This masculine figure suggests that Alex is male.

Dani and the “huambra” touch:
The word “huambra” is commonly used in the Peruvian Amazon to refer to a girl or young woman. Therefore, the expression “her huambra touch” indicates a youthful, feminine style, suggesting that Dani is female.

Cris and “Andrés’s visit”:
The phrase “isn’t even afraid of Andrés’s visit” is a popular euphemism in Latin American cultures for menstruation. Since this is an exclusively female experience, it can be clearly stated that Cris is female.

Jos and the northern deserts:
“King Kong and champús” are two traditional desserts from northern Peru, especially from the Lambayeque region. King Kong is a large cookie filled with milk caramel and fruit preserves, and champús is a hot dessert made with soursop, corn, and pineapple. When referring to both desserts, the masculine article is used in Spanish ("el" King Kong, "el" champús).

Final Answer:
Two men: Alex and Jos.
Two women: Dani and Cris.


Cuándo mi abuelo era joven, se consiguió un cofre con las siguientes joyas:
• 1 anillo de oro que pesaba 2 tomines.
• 2 cadenas de oro que pesaban 2.5 adarmes cada una.
• 1 pulsera gruesa de oro que pesaba 4 adarmes.
• Zarcillos de oro que pesaron 4.5 tomines.

Luego, fue al joyero y vendió todas las prendas a 8 perras gordas el gramo. ¿Cuántas pesetas obtuvo mi abuelo en total? Redondea al decimal más cercano.

When my grandfather was young, he acquired a chest with the following jewels:
• 1 gold ring that weighed 2 "tomines" (traditional Spanish measure).
• 2 gold chains that weighed 2.5 "adarmes" (traditional Spanish measure) each.
• 1 thick gold bracelet that weighed 4 "adarmes" (traditional Spanish measure).
• Gold earrings that weighed 4.5 "tomines" (traditional Spanish measure).

Then, he went to the jeweler and sold all the items at 8 "perras gordas" (old Spanish currency) per gram. How many "pesetas" (old Spanish currency) did my grandfather obtain in total? Round the nearest decimal.

English Reasoning: To solve this problem, we need to convert these old Spanish units to grams, calculate the total weight, then convert the price to "pesetas" (old Spanish currency).

Conversions:
• 1 tomín (old Spanish measure) = 0.5991 grams
• 1 adarme (old Spanish measure) = 1.797 grams
• 1 perra gorda (old Spanish currency) = 0.1 pesetas (old Spanish currency)

Total weight calculation:
• Gold ring: 2 tomines = 2 x 0.5991 = 1.1982 grams
• Gold chains: 2 chains x 2.5 adarmes = 5 adarmes = 5 x 1.797 = 8.985 grams
• Gold bracelet: 4 adarmes = 4 x 1.797 = 7.188 grams
• Gold earrings: 4.5 tomines = 4.5 x 0.5991 = 2.696 grams

Total weight: 1.1982 + 8.985 + 7.188 + 2.696 = 20.0672 grams

Value calculation:
• 20.0672 grams x 8 perras gordas/gram = 160.5376 perras gordas
• 160.5376 perras gordas x 0.1 pesetas/perra gorda = 16.05376 pesetas

Rounded to the nearest decimal: 16.1 pesetas

English Final Answer: 16.1 "pesetas" (old Spanish currency).


A mi tío chilango le dieron su semana ayer (8 ballenitas y 3 Sor Juanas), pero hoy se puso a tomar con sus amigos. El problema es que le encanta jugar al retachito cuando bebe, pero lo hace con monedas de a 10 varos el muy pudiente. Al final, muy contento, me dijo que ganó dos ciegos. Suponiendo que el chupe le salió de a grapa, ¿con cuánto dinero regresó a casa?

My chilango (inhabitant of Mexico City) uncle got his weekly pay yesterday (8 "ballenitas" [500 peso bills] and 3 "Sor Juanas" [200 peso bills]), but today he started drinking with his friends. The problem is that he loves to play "retachito" (a coin-tossing game) when he drinks, but he does it with 10-peso coins, the very well-off guy. In the end, very happy, he told me he won two "ciegos" [100 peso bills]. Assuming his drinks were free, how much money did he return home with?

English Reasoning:

1. First, calculate the uncle's initial weekly pay:
* 8 "ballenitas" (500 peso bills) = 8 x 500 = 4000 pesos.
* 3 "Sor Juanas" (200 peso bills) = 3 x 200 = 600 pesos.
* Total initial pay = 4000 + 600 = 4600 pesos

2. Next, calculate his winnings from playing "retachito":
* He won 2 "ciegos" (100 peso bills) = 2 x 100 = 200 pesos.

3. The problem states the drinks were free ("el chupe le salió de a grapa"). The detail about him playing with 10-peso coins describes how he played, but the net outcome of his gambling is that he won 200 pesos.

4. To find out how much money he returned home with, add his winnings to his initial weekly pay:
*Total money = Initial pay + Winnings
*Total money = 4600 + 200 = 4800 pesos

He returned home with 4800 Mexican pesos.

English Final Answer: 4800 pesos.


Hace mucho tiempo en Venezuela, cuando se comenzó a comercializar el casabe, los campesinos armaban bultos de 20 tortas y vendían en 4 reales cada bulto. Los comerciantes compraban esos bultos y revendían cada torta a una locha. ¿Cuántos bolívares obtenían de ganancia por cada bulto?

A long time ago in Venezuela, when cassava bread (in Spanish, "casabe") started to be commercialized, farmers would make bundles of 20 cakes and sell each bundle for 4 "reales" (old Venezuelan currency). How many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) of profit did they obtain per bundle?

English Reasoning:

1. Identify the cost for the merchant:
• Farmers sell a bundle for 4 reales. This is the merchant's cost per bundle.

2. Identify the merchant's revenue:
• A bundle contains 20 "casabe" cakes.
• Merchants sell each cake for 1 locha.
• So, the total revenue per bundle for the merchant is 20 cakes x 1 locha/cake = 20 "lochas".

3. Convert currencies to Bolívares (historical Venezuelan currency):
• 1 real = 0.50 bolívares (Bs.)
• 1 locha = 0.125 bolívares (Bs.)
• (This also implies 1 real = 4 lochas, as 0.50/0.125 = 4)

4. Calculate merchant's cost in bolívares:
• Cost per bundle = 4 reales
• Cost in bolívares = 4 reales x 0.50 Bs/real = Bs 2.00

5. Calculate merchant's revenue in bolívares:
• Revenue per bundle = 20 lochas
• Revenue in bolívares = 20 lochas x 0.125 Bs/locha = Bs 2.50.

6. Calculate profit per bundle:
• Profit = revenue - cost
• Profit = Bs 2.50 - Bs 2.00 = Bs 0.50

English Final Answer: Bs 0.50 (in Spanish, "0.50 bolívares")


Mis tatarabuelos tenían una hacienda en el Valle de México, cuyo terreno medía 34 varas indígenas de 32 cuartas de ancho y 25 varas indígenas de 32 cuartas de fondo. ¿Cuál era la superficie del terreno de mis tatarabuelos en metros cuadrados?

My great-grandparents had an estate in the Valley of Mexico, whose land measured 34 indigenous rods of 32 quarters wide and 25 indigenous rods of 32 quarters deep. What was the area of my great-grandparents' land in square meters?

English Reasoning: To solve this problem, we need to understand the units of measurement used. The "vara indígena" (indigenous rod) is an old unit of measurement, and its length varied across different regions. However, for the purpose of this calculation, let's assume a standard conversion. One "vara" is typically around 0.836 meters, but this can vary. Since it's specified as "vara indígena de 32 cuartas" (quarters), we need to understand that "cuarta" is a subdivision of the vara. Assuming 1 vara = 4 cuartas (which might not be universally true but is a reasonable assumption for some contexts), 1 cuarta = 0.25 varas. Thus, 32 cuartas = 8 varas. So, the width is 34 varas indígenas of 32 cuartas = 34 * 8 varas and the depth is 25 varas indígenas of 32 cuartas = 25 * 8 varas. First, calculate the dimensions in varas: width = 34 * 8 varas and depth = 25 * 8 varas. Then, convert these dimensions to meters using the conversion factor for varas to meters. After converting the dimensions to meters, calculate the area.

First, let's do the calculations:
Width = 34 * 8 varas = 272 varas,
Depth = 25 * 8 varas = 200 varas.
Converting to meters (1 vara = 0.836 meters),
Width = 272 varas * 0.836 meters/vara = 227.392 meters,
Depth = 200 varas * 0.836 meters/vara = 167.2 meters.
Area = Width * Depth = 227.392 meters * 167.2 meters = 38,019.94 square meters.

Final English answer: 38,019.94 square meters.


Me encontré un documento muy antiguo que hablaba de algunas medidas que no entiendo. ¿Me ayudas a entender de cuántos centímetros estamos hablando? El documento menciona: 25 mapillis, 33 Iztetls, 5 codos y  2 flechas. Dame el resultado sin decimales, pero tómalos en cuenta para los cálculos.

I came across a very old document that mentioned some measurements I don’t understand. Can you help me figure out how many centimeters they correspond to? The document lists: 25 mapillis (Náhuatl measurement), 33 iztetls (Náhuatl measurements), 5 cubits ("codos"), and 2 arrows ("flechas"). Please give the result without decimals (though include decimals in the intermediate calculations).

English Reasoning: The user wants to convert a sum of ancient measurements into centimeters. The units (mapillis, Iztetls, "codos" (cubits), "flechas" (arrows)) are likely from pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica, with "mapilli" and "Iztetl" being Nahuatl terms.
Step one: Converting measurements into meters.
"Mapilli": A Nahuatl unit often translated as "finger." It's estimated at 0.017 m.
Calculation for 25 mapillis: 25 mapillis * 0.017 = .425 m.
"Iztetl": A Nahuatl unit, often translated as "fingernail". It's estimated at 0.20835 m.
Calculation for 33 Iztetls: 33 Iztetls * 0.20835 m = 6.87555 m.
"Codo": Spanish for elbow, likely referring to a pre-Hispanic cubit equivalent. A common Mesoamerican "codo" (like the "Molicpitl") is estimated at 0.42 m.
Calculation for 5 "codos": 5 "codos" * 0.42 m = 2.1 m.
"Flecha": Spanish for arrow, likely referring to the pre-Hispanic unit "Mitl" (arrow). This unit is estimated at 1.25 m.
Calculation for 2 "flechas": 2 "flechas" * 1.25 m = 2.5 m.

Step two: Converting meters to centimeters:
Conversion to centimeters for "Mapillis": 0.425 m * 100 = 42.5 cm.
Conversion to centimeters for "Iztetls": 6.87555 m * 100 = 687.555 cm.
Conversion to centimeters for "Codos": 2.1 m * 100 = 210 cm.
Conversion to centimeters for "Flechas": 2.5 m * 100 = 250 cm.

Step three:To find the total length in centimeters, we sum these individual conversions:
Total length = 42.5 cm + 687.555 cm + 210 cm + 250 cm = 1,190.055 cm.

The user requested the final answer without decimals, but specified that decimals should be used in the intermediate calculations. Therefore, the total sum of 1190.055 cm is rounded to the nearest whole number: 1,190 cm

English Final Answer: 1,190 cm.


En el trabajo siempre tengo mucho boleo, y para mi pasatiempo no me queda tiempo. Pero al final del boleo, siempre cumplo este deseo. ¿Cúal es mi pasatiempo?

At work, I always have a lot of "boleo" (refers to a lot of work), and for my hobby, I don’t have time. But at the end of the "boleo"(refers to a lot of work), I always fulfill this desire. What is my hobby?

English Reasoning: The answer to the riddle is "leer" (to read). The word "boleo" is a play on words. It can be split into "bo-leo," where "leo" means "I read" in Spanish. "Leo" is the conjugation of the verb "leer" in the first person singular of the present indicative (I read). The person's job involves a lot of "boleo" (an expression used colloquially in Colombia to refer to a job or activity that involves movement or occupation), leaving no time for their hobby. However, at the end of the workday ("al final del boleo"), they fulfill their desire to "leer" (read), as hinted by the hidden "leo" (I read) in "boleo."

English Final Answer: Read (In Spanish is "Leer")


El señor esconde su título, pero yo soy su pretendiente rival. ¿A qué titulo aspiro?

The lord hides (esconde) his title, but I'm his rival claimant. What title do I aspire to?

In Spanish, the word "Esconde" (hides), would mean "Es Conde" (Is Count).

English Reasoning: This is a Spanish wordplay riddle where the key is in the word "esconde" (hides). The word can be decomposed into "es-conde", where "es conde" means "he's a count" in Spanish. Thus, the speaker cheekily states that the Lord he wants to "dethrone" is a count. Then, we conclude that he aspires to the title of Count.

English Final Answer: Count (in Spanish, Es conde / Esconde).


Resuelve esta adivinanza:
Cuando soy feliz?
Chamita, cuando entre, no te vi, cuando entre, no te pille, cuando entre, no supe de ti y por todas estas razones, soy un chamo muy feliz.

Solve this riddle in spanish:
When am i happy?
"Chamita, cuando entre, no te vi, cuando entre, no te pille, cuando entre, no supe de ti y por todas estas razones, soy un chamo muy feliz."

The answer is:
"cuando entreno", "When i'm training" extracted from "Cuando entre no" -> "Cuando entreno"


Soy un feriado nacional de Colombia, mi fecha a sido trasladada a la semana siguiente por la Ley Emiliani y ahora coincide el mismo día que otra celebración de carácter religioso y es la única coincidencia de dos feriados en un mismo día ¿Cuantos días me han movido?

I am a national public holiday in Colombia. My date was moved to the following week by the "Ley Emiliani" (Emiliani Law), and now it falls on the same day as another religious celebration. It is the only case where two holidays fall on the same day. How many days was I moved?

English Reasoning:

A public holiday in Colombia is being identified that does not originally fall on a Monday, so it was moved to the following Monday under the "Ley Emiliani" (Emiliani Law) in Colombia. This law moves most holidays that fall between Tuesday and Sunday to the next Monday.

The new date now coincides with another significant religious celebration that is also a holiday, creating the only case in Colombia where two holidays fall on the same day. This occurs when the "Día de San Pedro y San Pablo" (Saint Peter and Saint Paul Day) and the "Día del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús" (Sacred Heart of Jesus Day), also known as "Domingo de Resurrección o Pascua" (Resurrection Sunday or Easter), fall on June 29.

As a result, based on the "Ley Emiliani" (Emiliani Law), both are moved to Monday. Therefore, the number of days moved is 1 day.

English Final Response: 1 day.


Justo ahora, 1 de mayo de 2025, ando en la Feria de San Marcos, pasando unos días increíbles. Se van a presentar muchos artistas, pero los que más me interesan son Ana Bárbara y Pepe Aguilar. Solo me puedo quedar hasta el 8 de mayo de 2025. ¿A quién alcanzo a ver?

Right now, May 1, 2025, I'm at the Saint Mark's Fair, having some amazing days. Many artists will perform, but the ones I'm most interested in are Ana Bárbara and Pepe Aguilar. I can only stay until May 8, 2025. Who will I be able to see?

English Reasoning: The user wants to know which of the two artists, Ana Bárbara or Pepe Aguilar, they can see at the Saint Mark's Fair, given that they are leaving on May 8th. To determine this, we need the performance dates for these artists at the 2025 Saint Mark's Fair (because the user is stating that he/she is there at the moment, and it is May 1st, 2025). According to the official schedule: Ana Bárbara performs on May 6th and Pepe Aguilar on May 9th. Since the user is leaving the fair on May 8, they would only be able to catch Ana Bárbara's show.

English Final Answer: Ana Bárbara.


Desde hace unos años me he interesado por el piragüismo y en 2017 comencé a ir al descenso internacional del Sella en Asturias. En el 2022 me lesioné del hombro y me perdí esa edición. Contando con que estamos a mayo del 2025, ¿a cuántas ediciones he acudido?

I have been interested in canoeing for a few years, and in 2017 I started going to the Sella International Descent in Asturias. In 2022, I injured my shoulder and missed that edition. Considering that it is May 2025, how many editions have I attended?

English Reasoning: The person started attending the Sella International Descent in 2017. They attended annually from 2017 until they got injured. The years attended before the injury are: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. This accounts for 5 editions. The person missed the 2022 edition due to a shoulder injury. The current date is May 2025. This means the Sella descents for 2023 and 2024 have already occurred (the event typically takes place in August). The 2025 edition has not yet happened. Assuming the person recovered from their injury and resumed attending (as the prompt only states they missed "that edition" in 2022, not that they stopped permanently), they would have attended the 2023 and 2024 editions. This adds 2 more editions. The 2020 and 2021 editions were cancelled due to health restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the total number of editions attended is the sum of the editions before the injury and those after recovery to date, minus the cancelled editions: 5(from 2017 to 2021) + 2 (2023,2024) - 2 (2020, 2021) = 5 editions.

English Final Answer: 5


Mi hijo nació el 31 de marzo de 2024, su nacimiento concordó con la quema de Judas celebrada en Venezuela. Me dijeron que esto era de mala suerte y que la próxima vez que le concuerde el cumpleaños con esa festividad le ocurrirá algo muy malo. ¿Podrías decirme que edad tendrá mi hijo la próxima vez que concuerde su cumpleaños con la quema de Judas?

My son was born on March 31, 2024; his birth coincided with the burning of Judas celebrated in Venezuela. They told me this was bad luck and that the next time his birthday coincides with that festival, something very bad will happen. Could you tell me how old my son will be the next time his birthday coincides with the burning of Judas?

English Reasoning: The Burning of Judas in Venezuela occurs on Resurrection Sunday, which is the day after Holy Saturday. Easter dates vary annually based on the lunar calendar. To find the next year when March 31 coincides with Resurrection Sunday, we calculate future Easter dates. Using computus (Easter calculation), the next year Resurrection Sunday falls on March 31 is 2086. However, if the festival is observed on Resurrection Sunday itself (as in some traditions), March 31, 2086, would be the next coincidence. The child's age would be 2086–2024 = 62 years.

English Final Answer: 62 years old.


Carlos necesita dinero. Dentro de poco tendrá que pagarle algo a su hijo. Este está en una etapa de su vida en la que únicamente tiene una preocupación, como suelen decirle los padres a sus hijos en Argentina cuando no quieren estudiar. Todavía recuerda cuando hace seis años su hijo fue a Córdoba y le gustó muchísimo. Siendo que este es un buen estudiante, realmente desea conseguir el dinero. ¿Qué deberá pagar Carlos?

Carlos needs money. Soon, he will have to pay something to his son. His son is at a stage in life where he only has one concern, as parents in Argentina often say to their children when they don't want to study. He still remembers when his son went to Córdoba six years ago and liked it very much. Given that his son is a good student, Carlos really wants to get the money. What will Carlos have to pay?

English Reasoning: Carlo's son is a high school students because it is mentioned that he is at a stage in life where the the prhase that parents in Argentina say to their children when they are in school and do not want to study is used. He went to Córdoba six years ago, which is a popular destination for the first graduates' trip for students in Argentina. Six years after the first trip, there is a second one that students take in Argentina. Since his son is a good student, he should not have repeated a year and should be be about to take that second trip, which his father will need to pay.

English Final Answer: Graduates' Trip.


Adrián entra al cuarto de su hermano y Jesús le dice:
– Si yo estoy ocupado, yo no quiero que vos me molestes. Yo te voy a decir cuándo yo me desocupo, para que vos puedas entrar.
Adrián le responde:
– Quería preguntarte si podías acompañarme a la plaza el Domingo a pasear a nuestro negro perro.

Si tengo 3 manzanas y me dan la misma cantidad de manzanas que las veces en las que Jesús podría haber omitido el sujeto, y también me dan la misma cantidad de uvas que los errores gramaticales cometidos por Adrián, ¿cuántas manzanas y uvas tengo?

Adrián enters his brother's room and Jesús says to him:
– If I'm (yo estoy) busy, I (yo) don't want you to bother me. I'm (yo) going to tell you when I'm (yo) not busy, so that you can come in.
Adrián replies:
– I wanted to ask you if you could come with me to the square on Sunday (Domingo) to walk our black dog (negro perro).

If I have 3 apples and I get the same amount of apples as the times when Jesús could have omitted the subject (yo), and I also get the same amount of grapes as the grammatical mistakes made by Adrián, how many apples and grapes do I have?

English Reasoning:
1. Analyze Jesús's speech for an omittable subject. Since the prompt is asking for it in singular and not in plural, special attention needs to be paid and only consider the main subject and not those from subordinated sentences: Jesús says: "Si 'yo' estoy ocupado, 'yo' no quiero que vos me molestes. 'Yo' te voy a decir cuándo 'yo' me desocupo, para que vos puedas entrar." In Spanish, the subject pronoun "yo" (I) can often be omitted as the verb conjugation indicates the subject.
– "Si yo estoy ocupado..." (If I'm busy) -> "Si estoy ocupado..." (Possible omission 1)
– "...yo no quiero..." (I don't want) -> "...no quiero..." (Possible omission 2)
– "Yo te voy a decir..." (I'm going to tell you) -> "Te voy a decir..." (Possible omission 3)
– "...cuándo yo me desocupo..." (when I'm free) -> "...cuándo me desocupo..." (Possible omission 4)
Jesús could have omitted the subject 4 times. Therefore, 4 apples are added.

2. Analyze Adrián's speech for grammatical errors: Adrián says "Quería preguntarte si podías acompañarme a la plaza el Domingo a pasear a nuestro negro perro." (I wanted to ask you if you could come with me to the square on Sunday to walk our black dog.)
– The standard word order for noun and adjective in Spanish is noun + adjective ("perro negro"). Adrián uses adjective + noun ("negro perro"). While sometimes used for emphasis or poetic effect, in this neutral context, "negro perro" is generally considered a grammatical error in standard Spanish word order.
– Adrián capitalizes "Domingo" (Sunday). In Spanish, days of the week should not be capitalized, since that's an English grammar rule, and Sunday would be "domingo".
There are 2 grammatical errors. Therefore, 2 grapes are added.

Then, if we add 4 apples to the 3 that you already have, and we add 2 grapes, we have 7 apples and 2 grapes.

English Final Answer: 7 apples and 2 grapes.


Hace 4 años me fui a estudiar a la universidad y no pude ver más a mis hermanos menores, Julito, Tere, Alberto y Tomás. A varios de ellos, les tenía apodos por su tamaño o contextura física.
-Julito es mi hermanito menor.
-Tere es mi consentida.
-Tomás era el más alto de todos, no tenía apodo.
-A Alberto le decíamos "pata seca" por su contextura física.

He vuelto y todos han cambiado, Julito sigue siendo Julito, Tere sigue siendo Tere, Tomás es Tomasito y a Alberto ahora lo llamamos "domador de átomos".
¿Quiénes de mis hermanos se han quedado pequeños?

4 years ago I went to study at the university and couldn't see my younger siblings anymore: Julito (diminutive of the name Julio), Tere, Alberto, and Tomás. For several of them, I had nicknames based on their size or physical build.

-Julito (diminutive of the name Julio) is my youngest brother.
-Tere is my favorite.
-Tomás was the tallest of all; he didn't have a nickname.
-We called Alberto "pata seca" (skinny leg) because of his physical build.

I've returned, and everyone has changed. Julito (diminutive of the name Julio) is still Julito (diminutive of the name Julio), Tere is still Tere, Tomás is now Tomasito (diminutive of the name Tomás), and we now call Alberto "atom tamer" (nickname for a person of short stature).
Which of my siblings have remained small?

English Reasoning: At the prompt, they are comparing the siblings' nicknames before and after they spent 4 years away, and the nicknames seem to be related to their size or perception of them.
Let's look at them one by one:
1. Julito
• Before: Julito (diminutive of the name Julio).
• Now: Still Julito (diminutive of the name Julio).
- Still small nickname: still small.

2. Tere
• Before: Tere
• Now: Tere
- No change, no diminutive or new nickname. No evidence of change in size, but nothing small is associated with it either. Possibly she has not become small.

3. Tomás
• Before: tallest, no nickname.
• Now: Tomasito (diminutive of the name Tomás)
-He went from being tall to having a diminutive. Now he is seen as small.

4. Alberto
• Before: "Pata seca" (skinny leg)
• Now: "Domador de átomos" (atom tamer)
-If we interpret "domador de átomos" (atom tamer) as someone who controls the small or who is small, then the nickname is still related to diminutive. He is also small.

English Final Answer: Julito (diminutive of the name Julio), Alberto and Tomás.


Fui a una reunión de presentación de proyectos de emprendimiento en Argentina. Al inicio, se escucharon las siguientes presentaciones:

Andrés es un joven empresario.
Micaela es una empresaria joven.
Lucía es una gran empresaria.
Mario es un empresario grande.

En una segunda ronda de presentaciones se realizaron los siguientes comentarios:

Andrés es un empresario simple.
Micaela es una simple empresaria.
Lucía es una analista única.
Mario es el único analista.

En una tercera ronda de presentaciones también se realizaron los siguientes comentarios:

Andrés es un empresario alto
Micaela es una empresaria antigua.
Lucia es una antigua empresaria.
Mario es un alto empresario.

De mayor a menor ¿quién presenta un mayor estatus?

I went to a project presentation meeting for entrepreneurs in Argentina. At the beginning, the following presentations were heard:

Andrés is a low experienced businessman (joven empresario).
Micaela is a young businesswoman (empresaria joven).
Lucía is a great businesswoman (gran empresaria).
Mario is a tall businessman (empresario grande).

In a second round of presentations, the following comments were made:

Andrés a modest businessman (empresario simple).
Micaela is just a simple businesswoman (simple empresaria).
Lucía is a unique analyst.
Mario is the only analyst.

In a third round of presentations, the following comments were also made:

Andrés is a tall businessman (empresario alto).
Micaela is an old-fashioned/outdated businesswoman (empresaria antigua).
Lucía is a former businesswoman (antigua empresaria).
Mario is a high-ranking businessman ("alto empresario" in the context of Argentina conveys high value).

From highest to lowest, who presents a higher status?

English Reasoning: Each individual's status is determined by the connotations of the adjectives used to describe them and, crucially, their placement relative to the noun in Spanish, which can change the meaning.

First, the analysis one by one

Lucía:
"Una gran empresaria": "Gran" before the noun means "great", indicating high importance and respect. (High status)
"Una analista única": "Única" after the noun means "unique" or "one-of-a-kind," implying special and valuable. (High status)
"Una antigua empresaria": "Antigua" before the noun means "former" or "ex". This indicates she is or was an entrepreneur with many years of experience.

Mario:
"Un empresario grande": "Grande" after the noun usually refers to physical size ("big" or "large"), not necessarily high status. (Neutral status)
"El único analista": "Único" before the noun, especially with "el," means "the only one" in terms of quantity, not necessarily quality or status. (Neutral status)
"Un alto empresario": "Alto" before the noun means "high-ranking" or “important”, culturally used in Argentina to indicate someone exceptionally competent or influential. (High status)

Andrés:
"Un joven empresario": "Joven" before the noun ("young") is descriptive of age. (Neutral status)
"Un empresario simple": "Simple" after the noun means "simple" or "uncomplicated." This doesn't imply high status and could even be slightly negative if interpreted as lacking sophistication. (Neutral to slightly low status)
"Un empresario alto": "Alto" after the noun means "tall" (physical height). (Neutral status)

Micaela:
"Una empresaria joven": "Joven" after the noun ("young") is descriptive of age. (Neutral status)
"Una simple empresaria": "Simple" before the noun means "mere" or "just a”. This is a diminutive description, significantly lowering her perceived status. (Low status)
"Una empresaria antigua": "Antigua" after the noun means "old" (in age). (Neutral status)

Second, the comparison among the 4 persons. The order from highest to lowest status is based on the most impactful positive and negative descriptors for each person.

Lucía has the highest status, with "gran empresaria" (great businesswoman) and "analista única" (unique analyst) as strong positives that convey excellence and exclusivity. "Antigua empresaria" (former businesswoman) is also positive, indicating valuable experience and seniority.

Mario follows closely, with "alto empresario" (high-ranking businessman) as a strong positive, culturally used in Argentina to indicate someone exceptionally competent or influential. "Único analista" (only analyst) is neutral, referring to quantity rather than quality, and "empresario grande" (big businessman) is neutral, related to physical size.

Andrés is mostly neutral, with "joven empresario" (young businessman) indicating limited experience, "empresario alto" (tall businessman) referring to height, and "empresario simple" (simple businessman) as a slight negative, suggesting modesty or lack of sophistication.

Micaela ranks lowest, as "simple empresaria" (just a businesswoman) is a strong negative that diminishes her role, while "empresaria antigua" (old-fashioned businesswoman) suggests outdated methods, also negative. "Empresaria joven" (young businesswoman) is neutral, referring only to age.

English Final Answer: Lucía, Mario, Andrés, and Micaela


Cuando estaba en la escuela primaria, mis amigos eran Anita, Roberto, Cecilia, y Luisito. Luego, cuando crecimos, seguimos siendo amigos, pero dos de ellos, crecieron y fueron muy altos, mientras que uno se quedó pequeño y el otro tiene un tamaño normal, así que ahora los llamamos, según su tamaño. A Anita, la seguimos llamando igual, Roberto ahora es Robertazo, Luisito es Luisazo y Cecilia es Cecilia o Ceci. ¿Quién de ellos se quedó pequeño?

When I was in elementary school, my friends were Anita (diminutive of Ana), Roberto, Cecilia, and Luisito (diminutive of Luis). Later, when we grew up, we remained friends, but two of them grew very tall, one stayed small, and the other is of normal size, so now we call them according to their size. We still call Anita (diminutive of Ana) by the same name, Roberto is now Robertazo (superlative of Roberto), Luisito (diminutive of Luis) is Luisazo (superlative of Luis), and Cecilia is Cecilia or Ceci. Who among them stayed small?

English Reasoning: I need to determine which of the four friends remained small based on their name changes. Let's analyze each person:

-Roberto is now called "Robertazo" the suffix "azo" is Spanish indicates something large, suggesting he grew tall.
-Luisito is now called "Luisazo" also with the "azo" suffix, indicating he became tall too.
-Cecilia is still called "Cecilia" or "Ceci" no change, so her name suggests normal size.
-Anita is still called "Anita" no change in name.

Since Roberto and Luisito have names indicating they grew tall, and Cecilia's name suggests she's normal-sized, Anita must be the one who remained small.

English Final Answer: Anita


Hace poco me llegó una invitación para participar en un sorteo y visitar el oasis de la Huacahina. Coordinando con mi mejor amiga estamos dispuestas a participar y ¡darlo todo por ganar el premio!

El primer desafío es este:
"En Junio como en Agosto cae la lluvia con Algarabía en cieneguilla. Los Martes son capaces de alegrar las tardes fugaces y los Jueves con semillas son una maravilla. El Pepe y la Lucía andan planeando su escapada a huaraz".

La clave secreta para pasar al siguiente nivel es: (cantidad de errores en el uso de mayúsculas) (cantidad de errores en el uso de artículos) (día del nacimiento del cantautor  de "Cuando pienses en volver").

Necesito ganar ese concurso, ¿puedes ayudarme a descifrar la clave?

I recently received an invitation to participate in a raffle and visit the Huacachina oasis. Coordinating with my best friend, we are excited to participate and give our best to win the prize!

The first challenge is this:
"In June (in Spanish, Junio), just like in August (in Spanish, Agosto), it rains with excitement ("Algarabía") in cieneguilla (a place in Peru). Tuesdays (in Spanish, Martes) can brighten up fleeting afternoons, and Thursdays (in Spanish, Jueves) with seeds are a marvel. (The article "el") Pepe and (the article "la") Lucía are planning their getaway to huaraz, a city in Peru.

The secret key to move on to the next level is: (number of errors in the use of capital letters) (number of errors in the use of articles) (birthday of the songwriter of "Cuando pienses en volver" - a famous song).

I need to win this contest. Can you help me figure out the key?

English Reasoning: Upon analyzing the challenge text, we identified several aspects that need to be corrected according to Spanish orthographic and grammatical rules.

First, the use of capital letters stands out as one of the most obvious mistakes. In Spanish, the names of the days of the week and the months of the year should not be written with capital letters, as they are not proper nouns. Therefore, "junio," "agosto," "martes," and "jueves" should all be in lowercase.

Next, we have the word 'Algarabía.' In this context, it is a common noun referring to a type of joyful or noisy commotion. Since it is not a proper noun, it should be written with a lowercase letter: "algarabía".

Regarding place names, Spanish rules are clear: the names of cities, towns, and other geographical locations should be capitalized. Therefore, both "Cieneguilla" and "Huaraz" should begin with a capital letter, as they are proper nouns referring to specific places.

As for the use of articles, in Spanish, proper names of people do not require definite articles. Therefore, using 'El Pepe' and 'La Lucía' with articles (the article "el" or "la") is incorrect. The correct form would simply be Pepe and Lucía.

Finally, when referring to the singer of the famous song "Cuando pienses en volver," it refers to Pedro Suárez Vértiz, the beloved and famous Peruvian artist, who was born on February 13, 1969.

Then, after analyzing the exercise, we have: (7 errors in the use of capital letters), (2 errors in the use of articles), and (the birthdate is the 13th)

Final answer in English:
(7) (2) (13)


Soy yo quien le administra el dinero a mi hermano, pero algunas veces no entiendo su vocabulario. Ayer me dijo, "el año pasado gasté 1 palo en la casa para mi esposa, 10 lucas en la moto de tu sobrino, 5 lucas en la universidad de tu sobrina y 8 tablas para la cena navideña, ese dinero no estaba en mi presupuesto anual, igual réstale las 7 lucas que me gane en la lotería y que tampoco estaban en el presupuesto". No entendí nada de lo que me quiso decir, ¿me podrías decir cuántos bolívares de más gastó que no estaban en su presupuesto?

My brother told me, "Last year I spent '1 palo' (Bs 1 000 000) on the house for my wife, '10 lucas' (Bs 10 000) on your nephew's motorcycle, 5 lucas (Bs 5 000) on your niece's university, and 8 tables for Christmas dinner. That money wasn't in my annual budget. However, subtract the '7 lucas' (Bs 7 000) I won in the lottery, which also weren't in the budget." I didn't understand what he meant. Can you tell me soy many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) more he spent that weren't in his budget?

English Reasoning: To determine how many more "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) the brother spent than were in his budget, we first need to understand the slang terms he used for money and convert them to standard "bolívar" (Venezuelan currency) amounts. The currency is "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency), suggesting a context like Venezuela where these slang terms are common.

1. Interpret the slang:
-"1 palo"; In this context, "un palo" typically means one million. So, 1 palo = Bs 1 000 000
-"lucas": This term means thousands.
-"10 lucas" = 10 x 1 000 = Bs 10 000
-"5 lucas" = 5 x 1 000 = Bs 5 000
- "7 lucas" (lottery winnings) = 7 x 1 000 = 7 000 bolívares.

-"tablas" often refers to a smaller unit, commonly 100.
-"8 tablas" = 8 x 100 = 800 bolívares.

2. Calculate total unbudgeted expenses:
-House for wife: Bs 1 000 000
-Nephew's motorcycle: Bs 10 000
-Niece's university: Bs 5 000
-Christmas dinner: Bs 800
-Total unbudgeted expenses = 1 000 000 + 10 000 + 5 000 + 800 = Bs 1 015 800

3. Account for unbudgeted income:
Lottery winnings: Bs 7 000. This amount was also not in the budget and should be subtracted from the unbudgeted expenses to find the net overspending.

4. Calculate the net amount over budget:
-Net amount over budget = Total unbudgeted expenses minus unbudgeted income
-Net amount over budget = Bs 1 015 800 - Bs 7 000 = Bs 1 008 800

Therefore, the brother spent Bs 1 008 800 more than what was in his budget after accounting for his lottery winnings.

English Final Answer: Bs 1 008 800 (in Spanish "1 008 800 bolívares")


En un documento antiguo se hablaba de que la cosecha de uva en el Ribeiro fue de 50 codos de ribera cúbicos y que en la bodega había 11 bocoys de 40 arrobas. Si el rendimiento de la uva es de un 75%. Según la correspondencia de medidas recogida en Wikipedia, tomando 3 decimales para la arroba y 5 para el codo de ribera, ¿cuántos porrones de litro y medio hacen falta para guardar el vino que sobra?

Prompt Translation to English: In an ancient document it was mentioned that the grape harvest in Ribeiro (Spanish wine region in Spain) was 50 cubic 'codos de ribera' (Spanish traditional mesure unit) and that in the cellar there were 11 'bocoys' (barrels) of 40 'arrobas' (Spanish traditional measure used also for wine measurement) each one. It the grape yield is 75%. According to the correspondence measures found in Wikipedia, taking 3 decimals for the 'arroba' and 5 for the 'codo de ribera', how many 1.5-liter 'porrones' (traditional Spanish jugs) are needed to store the excess wine?

English Reasoning: According to Wikipedia in the Spanish old measures, the 'codo de ribera' is 0.57468 meters taking 5 decimals, and the 'arroba' for wine is 16.133 liters taking 3 decimals.
Then, a cubic 'codo de ribera' is 0.57468^3 = 0.18979 m^3, then a harvest of 50 cubic 'codos de ribera' is 9.4895 m^3 which are 9489.5 liters of grape volume.
With a yield of 75% the amount of liters of wine are 9489.5 x 0.75 = 7117.125 liters.
The volume of a 40 'arrobas' 'bocoy' is 40 x 16.133 = 645.32 liters.
If there are 11 'bocoys', the total liters that fit in the barrels are 11 x 645.32 = 7098.52 liters.
Then, there are left 7117.125 - 7098.52 = 18.61 liters left.
If each 'porron' has a capacity of 1.5 liters, the 'porron' required are 18.69/1.5 = 12.4 'porrones'.
Therefore, to store all the wine left in the 1.5-liter 'porrones' there are required 13 'porrones'.

English Final Answer: 13.


En la Navidad de 1997 me dieron mis abuelos dos billetes de cien duros, mi madre me dio un boniato y mi padre mil pelas. Si le tuve que dar de ese dinero un talego a mi hermana, ¿cuántas pesetas me quedaron?

At Christmas 1997, my grandparents gave me two 100 "duros" notes (duro was a colloquial term for 5 pesetas), my mother gave me a "boniato" (slang term for 5000 pesetas banknotes), and my father gave me a thousand "pelas" (colloquial term for pesetas). If I had to give one "talego" (slang term for 1000 pesetas banknotes) of that money to my sister, how many pesetas did I have left?

English Reasoning: First, we need to convert all amounts to pesetas:
Money from grandparents: "dos billetes de cien duros". A "duro" was a colloquial term equivalent to 5 pesetas. "Cien duros" (one hundred duros)= 100×5=500 pesetas. "Dos billetes de cien duros" (two one-hundred duro notes)=2×500 pesetas= 1000 pesetas.
Money from mother: "un boniato. "Boniato" was a slang term for 5000 pesetas banknotes because of the color of the bills.
Money from father: "mil pelas". "Pelas" is a colloquial term for pesetas, so this is 1000 pesetas.
Total money received = (money from grandparents) + (money from mother) + (money from father) = 1000 + 5000 + 1000 = 7000 pesetas.
Money given to sister: "un talego". "Talego" was a slang term for 1000 pesetas.
Money remaining = total money received - money given to sister = 7000–1000 = 6000 pesetas.

English Final Answer: 6000 pesetas.


Hace mucho tiempo en Venezuela, cuando se comenzó a comercializar el maíz, los campesinos sembraban muchas hectáreas de maíz y luego los recolectaban en sacos. Los campesinos podían recolectar hasta 12 sacos de maíz al día y luego, se los vendían a los comerciantes locales a 1 locha por saco. Y los comerciantes locales, a su vez, le vendían a las empresas productoras de harina de maíz cada saco a 1 real. ¿Cuántos bolívares de ganancia obtenían los comerciantes locales por los 12 sacos de maíz?

A long time ago in Venezuela, when corn began to be commercialized, farmers planted many hectares of corn and then harvested it in sacks. Farmers could harvest up to 12 sacks of corn a day and then sold them to local merchants at 1 "locha" (old Venezuelan coin) per sack. The local merchants, in turn, sold each sack to corn-flour-producing companies at 1 "real" (old Venezuelan coin). How many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) of profit did the local merchants obtain for the 12 sacks of corn?

English Reasoning:
To calculate the local merchants' profit for 12 sacks of corn in bolívares, we need to determine their total revenue and total cost for these sacks, and then convert these amounts into bolívares.

1. Cost per sack for merchants: Merchants bought each sack for 1 locha.

2. Selling price per sack for merchants: Merchants sold each sack for 1 real.

3. Profit per sack for merchants: Profit per sack = Selling Price - Cost Price = 1 real - 1 locha.

We need the historical conversion rates of "locha" and "real" to "bolívares" (Bs.):
• 1 real was equivalent to 0.50 bolívares (Bs. 0.50).
• 1 locha was equivalent to 0.125 bolívares (Bs. 0.125).

Now, let's calculate the profit per sack in bolívares:
• Cost per sack in bolívares = 1 locha = Bs. 0.125.
• Selling price per sack in bolívares = 1 real = Bs. 0.50.
• Profit per sack in bolívares = Bs. 0.50 - Bs. 0.125 = Bs. 0.375.

The question asks for the profit from 12 sacks of corn:
• Total profit for 12 sacks = Profit per sack in bolívares x Number of sacks
• Total profit for 12 sacks = Bs. 0.375/sack x 12 sacks
• Total profit for 12 sacks = Bs. 4.50

English Final Answer = Bs. 4.50 (in Spanish, "4.50 bolívares")


Raúl es un vendedor de leche que compra leche bronca a los ganaderos de los alrededores de Irapuato, Gto., y la pasteuriza para luego venderla.
Compró 2 cántaros a Don Fidel por 150 pesos cada uno.
Compró 6 cántaros a Don Jorge por 160 pesos cada uno.
Compró 4 cántaros a Doña Eulalia por 140 pesos cada uno.

Si el proceso de pasteurización y embotellado le cuesta 2 pesos por litro, y vende cada litro a 24 pesos, ¿cuál será la ganancia de Raúl por todos los litros vendidos?

Raúl is a milk seller who buys raw milk from farmers around Irapuato, Gto. He pasteurizes it and then sells it.

He bought 2 "cántaros" (a standard measure in the region for jugs) from Don Fidel at 150 pesos each, 6 "cántaros" from Don Jorge at 160 pesos each, and 4 "cántaros" from Doña Eulalia at 140 pesos each.

If the pasteurization and bottling process costs him 2 pesos per liter, and he sells each liter at 24 pesos, what will be Raúl's profit for all the liters sold?

English Reasoning:
To calculate Raúl's profit, we need to find his total revenue and his total costs. The total costs include the cost of raw milk and the cost of pasteurization and bottling.

The problem is localized in Irapuato, in the state of Guanajuato, in Mexico, where the standard measure of a "cántaro" (a measure of jugs) is 16 liters, or a third of a 48-liter barrel.

Calculate the total cost of raw milk:
* From Don Fidel: 2 cántaros * 150 pesos/cántaro = 300 pesos.
* From Don Jorge: 6 cántaros * 160 pesos/cántaro = 960 pesos.
* From Doña Eulalia: 4 cántaros * 140 pesos/cántaro = 560 pesos.
* Total cost of raw milk = 300 + 960 + 560 = 1,820 pesos.

Calculate the total number of "cántaros" purchased:
Total cántaros = 2 + 6 + 4 = 12 cántaros.

Calculate the total volume of milk in liters (using the assumption of 16 liters per cántaro):
Total volume = 12 cántaros * 16 liters/cántaro = 192 liters.

Calculate the total cost of pasteurization and bottling:
Cost per liter = 2 pesos.
Total pasteurization and bottling cost = 192 liters * 2 pesos/liter = 384 pesos.

Calculate the total costs incurred by Raúl:
Total costs = Total cost of raw milk + Total pasteurization and bottling cost
Total costs = 1,820 pesos + 384 pesos = 2,204 pesos.

Calculate the total revenue from selling the milk:
Selling price per liter = 24 pesos.

Total revenue = 192 liters * 24 pesos/liter = 4,608 pesos.

Calculate Raúl's total profit:
Profit = Total revenue - Total costs
Profit = 4,608 pesos - 2,204 pesos = 2,404 pesos.

English Final Answer: 2,404 Mexican pesos (in Spanish, 2 404 MXN)


Mi tatarabuelo trabajaba de caminero en la época que se usaban las antiguas medidas castellanas. Decía que le pagaban al día una perra chica por paso de distacia que recorría y a partir de la primera legua le pagaban una perra gorda por paso. Si la distancia que recorría un día normal eran siete kilómetros y medio. ¿Cuántas pesetas ganaba al día? Considera un decimal en la longitud de la legua en metros y tres en el de los pasos.

Prompt Translation to English: My great-great-grandfather worked as a roadman (road maintenance worker) during the time when old Castilian measurements were used. He said that he was paid a 'perra chica' (small coin worth 5 cents of peseta) per 'paso' (step, an old measure unit in Spain) of distance traveled, and after the first 'legua' (league), he was paid a 'perra gorda' (coin worth 10 cents of peseta) per 'paso'. If the distance he traveled on a normal day was seven and a half kilometers, how many pesetas (old currency in Spain) did he earn per day? Consider one decimal in the length of the 'legua' in meters and three in the length of the 'paso'.

English Reasoning: The Spanish 'legua' has a length of 5,572.7 meters and the 'paso' 1.393 meters.
If the distance is 7.5 kilometers, it is 7,500 meters.
The distance greater than the first 'legua' is the total distance minus the length of a 'legua' that is 7,500 - 5,572.7 = 1,927.3 meters.

Then, the 'pasos' on the first 'legua' (5,572.7) is the length of the 'legua' divided by the 'paso' length (1.393), that is, 5,572.7 ÷ 1.393 = 4,000.5 'pasos'.
If the 'paso' is paid 0.05 'pesetas', the total amount of 'pesetas' paid for the first stage is 4,000.5 × 0.05 = 200.03 'pesetas'.

The 'pasos' of the distance over the first 'legua' is the length greater than the first 'legua' divided by the 'paso' length, that is, 1,927.3 ÷ 1.393 = 1,383.56 'pasos'.
The pay for the 'pasos' on the onward distance is 0.1, then, the total amount in 'pesetas' for the second stage is 1,383.56
× 0.1 = 138.35 'pesetas'.

Therefore, the final pay is the sum of the two partial pays, that is, 200.03 + 138.35 = 338.38 'pesetas'.

English Final Answer: 338.38 pesetas.


Mi mamá ha tenido una vida desafortunada, ya que mi hermana falleció en el accidente de cromañón. Desde entonces, cada vez que llega esa fecha ella tiene una crisis y revive el momento como si estuviera ocurriendo de nuevo, la única excepción son los años en el que la fecha cae día jueves, ya que ese año tiene dos crisis. Ahora que ha empezado a ir a terapia, la terapeuta nos ha preguntado cuántas crisis ha presentado. Dime el número exacto de crisis que mi mamá ha tenido.

My mom has had an unfortunate life, as my sister died in the Cromañón accident. Since then, every time that date arrives, she has a crisis and relives the moment as if it were happening again, the only exception is the years when the date falls on a Thursday, because that year she has two crises. Now that she has started going to therapy, the therapist has asked us how many crises she has presented. Tell me the exac number of crises my mom has had.

English Reasoning: The Cromañón nightclub fire happened on December 30, 2004. It's neccesary to count the crises from  2005 to 2025. In most years, she has 1 crisis on the anniversary date. When December 30 falls on a Thursday, she has 2 crises that year.
December 30 fell on a Thursday in these years: 2010 and 2021.
That's two years with 2 crises each = 4 crises.
The others 18 years (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022, 2023, 2024) she had one crisis each = 18 crises.
Therefore, she had 22 crises in total.

English Final Answer: 22 crises.


Tiene un sanco; pero es un charco y su número favorito es el ocho. ¿Qué es?

It has a "sanco" (sounds like the word "zanco" in Spanish, which are very tall shoes), but it's a puddle and its favorite number is eight (ocho in Spanish). What is it?
Sancocho is a typical Hispanic food.

English Reasoning: This is a riddle that relies on wordplay and metaphors common in Spanish. The clue "It has a sanco" uses the word "sanco" that phonetically is identical to "zanco" (word for very tall shoes in Spanish) is used to mislead, but also points towards the word "sancocho" (a type of stew), as it phonetically contains "sanco" (zanco). The clue "it's a puddle" ("es un charco") metaphorically describes the watery and soggy texture of the sancocho stew. And the clue "Its favorite number is eight (ocho)" also points to the word sancocho as it phonetically contains the second part of the word,  "ocho" (eight).

English Final Answer: Sancocho (Spanish typical stew/soup)


Creé una bandera con 2 colores. Si quieres ver de verdad los colores, mira a mi enamorado.

Decipher what are the 2 colors of a flag I created with this Spanish pun: “Si quieres ver de verdad los colores, mira a mi enamorado” (If you want to see the colors for real, look at my lover).
The colors green and purple in Spanish are “verde” and “morado”.

English Reasoning: This is a pun in Spanish, since within the sentence we can find two colors: green, which in Spanish is “verde” and we find it in “ver de verdad” (to see for real) and the purple color, in Spanish “morado” which is included in the word “enamorado” (lover). Therefore, the colors of the flag are green and purple.
English Final Answer: Green and purple (In Spanish, "verde" and "morado").


Si yo viera mañana a mi amigo, no sabría qué hacer, si yo viera mañana a mi hermana, la invitara a comer. ¿Por qué mi hermana quiere llevar paraguas?

La frase "si yo viera" se escucha como "si lloviera".

If I saw my friend tomorrow, I wouldn't know what to do; if I saw my sister tomorrow, I would invite her to lunch. Why does my sister want to bring an umbrella?
The phrase "si yo viera" (If I saw) sounds exactly the same in Spanish as "si lloviera" (if it rained).

English Reasoning: The key behind the interpretation lies in the phonetic similarity between the Spanish phrases "si yo viera" (if I saw) and "si lloviera" (if it rained). These two expressions sound almost identical when spoken. This creates a natural ambiguity that can lead to a humorous misunderstanding. When the question "why does my sister want to bring an umbrella?" follows the hypothetical statements, it implies a misinterpretation of the original phrase. The listener may have heard "si lloviera" instead of "si yo viera," which would shift the meaning entirely, from contemplating a potential encounter to anticipating rain. In that case, the sister's intention to bring an umbrella becomes a logical response to the perceived mention of rain rather than to the idea of meeting someone.

Final Answer: The sister wants a carry an umbrella because the phrase "si yo viera" (if I say) is heard exactly in Spanish as "si lloviera" (if it rained).


Según la siguiente frase:
"El gato está arriba de la mesa, entre la silla y el nene, por debajo del arco".
Pedro tiene la misma cantidad de naranjas que sustantivos con un sólo género, más la cantidad de preposiciones. ¿Cuántas naranjas tiene?

According to the following sentence:
"The cat ("gato"-masculine noun, feminine counterpart "gata") is on top of ("de"-preposition) the table (mesa-feminine noun with no masculine counterpart), between (entre-preposition) the chair ("silla"-feminine noun with no masculine counterpart) and the boy ("nene"-masculine noun, feminine counterpart "nena"), under ("por"-preposition from "por debajo") the arch (arco-masculine noun with no feminine counterpart)".
Pedro has the same number of oranges as nouns with only one gender, plus the number of prepositions. How many oranges does he have?

English Reasoning:
In Spanish, a noun with only one grammatical gender is one that does not have a corresponding form in the opposite gender. The nouns in the sentence are:
– gato (cat; has a feminine form, gata → not counted)
– mesa (table; feminine only)
– silla (chair; feminine only)
– nene (boy; has a feminine form nena → not counted)
– arco (arch; masculine only, "arca" does not mean the same)
This gives 3 gender-fixed nouns (mesa, silla, arco).
The prepositions are: "de" (from on top of), "entre" (between), "por" from "por debajo" (under) → 3 prepositions.
Total oranges = 3 (nouns) + 3 (prepositions) = 6.

English Final Answer: 6.


De camino al banco fui asaltada y me dijeron: ¡Entrega todo el dinero! ¡Y cuál fue su sorpresa cuando vieron lo que había en mi bolsa! Era un pequeño animalito, ¿puedes adivinar cuál?

On my way to the bank, ("De camino al banco") I was assaulted ("fui asaltada) and I got told: Give me all the money!! (¡Dame todo el dinero!"). Imagine their surprise when they saw what was in my purse! ("¡Y cuál fue su sorpresa cuando vieron lo que había en mi bolsa"). It was a puppy, can you guess what it was?

In Spanish, the words "entrega todo" (give me all) can form the word "gato" (Cat).

English Reasoning: The story describes a wordplay; the attackers expect to find money, but instead find a small animal in the bag. The animal is hidden in the prompt in the words: "entrega todo" (give me all). If you put together the last syllable of the first word and the first syllable of the second word, you get; "gato", which means cat.

English Final Answer: Cat (In Spanish, means Gato).


La plantita de Luis no pudo crecer, él se lamenta por verla perecer. ¿De qué es la planta de Luis?

Luis's little plant couldn't grow, he laments (él se la-menta / "De menta") seeing it perish. What kind of plant does Luis have?

English reasoning: The riddle plays on the Spanish word "lamenta", which contains the word mint ("menta" in Spanish). The question is asking about the type of Luis' plant and to obtain the answer, the main word must be separated ("la-menta"). This determines that it is a mint plant, a plant characterized by its ability to thrive in diverse environments.

English final answer: Mint (De "menta" in Spanish).


El cura encuentra la cura del curandero con una curita y un buen sermón. El curandero cura al curita, que le dio el soponcio, con algo de miel y una buena infusión. Y entre tantos que curan, sin título ni bata, hay una que no es cura, pero entre cura esta camuflada. ¿Quién es?

The "cura" (priest) finds the "cura" (healer's cure) with a "curita" (band-aid) and a good sermon. The "curandero" (healer) "cura" (cures) the "curita" (diminutive for priest), who had "soponcio" (fainting), with some honey and a good infusion. And among so many who heal without a degree or a gown, there's one who isn't a "cura" (priest) but is camouflaged among "cura" (the word CURA). Who is she?

Elderly woman in some Spanish-speaking countries is said "ruca".

English Reasoning: This wordplay uses the different concepts that the Spanish word "cura" has. Depending on the context, "cura " means priest, heal, or band-aid. At the end, saying "hay una que no es cura, pero entre cura esta camuflada " (there is one who is not a "cura" (priest), but she is camouflaged among "cura" (the word)) implies that the answer is hidden in the word itself, which in this case is "RUCA," forming an anagram: words composed of the same letters in a different order. In Colombia, "ruca" has several meanings, depending on the context. One of them, common in some regions, refers to an elderly woman, like a grandmother, who, with her wisdom and experience, heals, cares for, and protects her sick loved ones.

English Final Answer: Elderly woman ("ruca" in Spanish)


La M es la más cara y la P es la más económica. ¿Qué me pongo en la cara?

The M is the most expensive (la m es la más cara), and the P is the cheapest. What do I put on my face?

In Spanish "máscara" means mask.

English reasoning:  When the letter "M" is mentioned, the riddle plays on the phrase "es MÁS CARA" (it is more expensive), which—when said aloud in Spanish—sounds like "máscara" (mask).

The reference to "P" as something cheap acts as a distractor. It doesn’t carry a key meaning on its own, but it helps emphasize the contrast between “more expensive” (más caro) and “cheaper” (más barato), which in turn highlights the word "máscara" as the answer.

So, when you're asked what you put on your face, and you realize that "más cara" (more expensive) sounds just like "máscara" (mask), the answer becomes clear.

English Final answer: Máscara (mask).


A María le gustan las cosas claras y terminadas, pero no muy distantes. Prefiere cuando las cosas son de del género opuesto. A Francisco le gusta pensar en el tiempo durante el que se hacían las cosas, sobre todo si son positivas. Gustavo es fanático de las posibilidades en lo lejano. Habrá varias tiras de papel, cada una con un texto escrito. ¿Cuál sería la mejor para cada persona?

A) Las flores llegarían aquí de terminar la lluvia.
B) La cabaña refugiaba a las personas.
C) Las mariposas habían volado con alegría.
D) Él disparó su arma anoche.
E) Él caminará.
F) Allá irían los enemigos de poder pasar.
G) Bailó mucho en el barco.
H) Los navegantes amantes de la libertad los hacían caminar por la madera en el costado del barco.

María likes things that are clear and finished, but not too distant. She prefers when things are of the opposite gender. Francisco likes to think about the time during which things were done, especially if they are positive. Gustavo is a fan of possibilities in the distance. There will be several strips of paper, each with a written text. Which would be best for each person?

A) The flowers (F) would arrive here if the rain (F) ends.
B) The cabin (F) sheltered (refugiaba) the people (F). (Spanish Imperfect Tense)
C) The Butterflies (F) had flown with joy (F).
D) He/She shot (disparó) his/her weapon (F) last night (F) (Spanish Perfect Tense)
E) He will walk.
F) The enemies (M) would go there if they could get through.
G) He danced (bailó) a lot on the boat (M) (Spanish Perfect Tense)
H) The navigators, lovers of freedom, made them walk (los hacían caminar) on the plank (F) along the side of the ship (M). (Spanish Imperfect Tense)

English Reasoning: María likes what has already ended but is not too distant. Strips D and G, written in Spanish Perfect Tense, fulfill this requirement. She also prefers things of the opposite, so strip G is the best one for María.

Francisco likes to think about the times during which things were done. That means that the strips B and H, which are written in Spanish Imperfect Tense fulfill this requirement. However, he prefers positive things, so Strip B is the best one for him.

Finally, Gustavo is a fan of things that express possibilities in the distance. Strip A and  F both express possibilities, however strip A refers to place nearby (here) while strip H refers to a place more distant (there), so strip H is the best for Gustavo.

English Final Answer:  María G, Francisco B, Gustavo F.


Tengo varias amigas, todas están pasando por diferentes situaciones.
-Mi pobre amiga Karina se acaba de separar de su esposo, el divorcio la ha dejado con algunas deudas.
-Mi amiga rica, Fernanda, se acaba de casar con un hombre muy bueno.
-Por otro lado, está mi amiga Rosalía, ella dice que está rica, nos hace reír muchísimo.
-También tenemos a mi amiga Lucia, que es una pobre estudiante de Derecho, le ha costado mucho terminar su carrera.
-Mi amiga Jésica, es una artista pobre, pero disfruta mucho lo que hace.
-Mi pobre amiga, Ana, acaba de perder a su madre.
-Mi amiga pobre, Liliana, también es una gran artista.

¿Cuáles son las amigas con menor estatus social?

I have several friends, all going through different situations.
-My "poor" ("pobre" term used for compassion) friend Karina has just separated from her husband; the divorce has left her with some debts.
-My rich friend, Fernanda, has just married a very good man.
-On the other hand, there's my friend Rosalía, she says she's "rica" (meaning she feels great), and she makes us laugh a lot.
-We also have my friend Lucia, who is a "poor" ("pobre" term used for compassion) law student; it has been hard for her to finish her degree.
-My friend Jésica is a "poor" ("pobre" term used to describe social status) artist, but she really enjoys what she does.
-My "poor" ("pobre" term used for compassion) friend, Ana, has just lost her mother.
-My "poor" ("pobre" term used to describe social status) friend, Liliana, is also a great artist.

Which friends have the lower social status?

English Reasoning:
In Spanish, the word "pobre" (poor) can mean two different things, depending on how it is used:
1. It can express compassion or empathy, like saying "poor thing" in English.
2. It can describe someone's economic or social status, like saying someone is poor or low-income.

Let's look at some examples from a group of friends:
• "Mi pobre amiga Karina" (My poor friend Karina)
This means we feel sorry for Karina, probably because she's going through something difficult (like divorce), but it doesn't necessarily mean she is financially poor.
• "Mi pobre amiga Ana" (My poor friend Ana)
Again, this is emotional sympathy, Ana just lost her mother.
• "Mi pobre amiga Lucía, estudiante de derecho" (My poor friend Lucia, a law student)
This could suggest she's struggling or working hard, but the focus is not necessarily on social class, it's more about empathy.

But now compare that to:
• "Mi amiga Jésica, es una artista pobre" (My friend Jésica is a poor artist).
• "Mi amiga pobre, Liliana, también es una gran artista" (My poor friend Liliana is also a great artist).

In these two cases, "pobre" (poor) is used to directly describe their social or economic status. It's not about feeling sorry for them, it's stating that they are artists who are financially poor or belong to a lower social class. That's the key difference.

English Final Answer: Jésica and Liliana.


He olvidado la contraseña de mi cuenta de criptomonedas. Por suerte, escribí la siguiente frase para recordarla:
"La tranquila luna iluminaba la vasta llanura mientras el águila volaba velozmente sobre el cálido desierto".

La contraseña consta de 5 letras, un símbolo y 3 números, y cuenta con los siguientes condicionales:

Las letras son las iniciales de los adjetivos, sustantivos y verbos en esta frase, en el orden que aparece.
Las iniciales de los sustantivos y adjetivos femeninos deben estar en mayúscula, y los masculinos en minúscula.
Las iniciales de los verbos siempre deben ir en minúscula.
Si la última palabra es de género femenino, el símbolo sera @, caso contrario sera #.
Para los números, que son 3, si la palabra es un sustantivo o adjetivo femenino, se cuenta el número de vocales de la palabra multiplicado por 2; si son en masculino, se cuenta el número de consonantes y se resta 1. Si la palabra es un verbo, se cuenta el número de sílabas y se resta 1.

I have forgotten the password to my cryptocurrency account. Fortunately, I wrote the following phrase to remember it: "La tranquila luna iluminaba la vasta llanura mientras el águila volaba velozmente sobre el cálido desierto” (The calm moon illuminated the vast plain while the eagle flew swiftly over the warm desert).

The password consists of 5 letters, a symbol, and 3 numbers, and has the following conditions:

The letters are the initials of the adjectives, nouns, and verbs in this phrase, in the order they appear.
The initials of feminine nouns and adjectives must be in uppercase, and masculine ones in lowercase.
The initials of the verbs should always be in lowercase.
If the last word is feminine, the symbol will be @; if not, it will be #.
For the numbers, which are 3, if the word is a feminine noun or adjective, count the number of vowels in the word and multiply by 2; if they are masculine, count the number of consonants and subtract 1. If the word is a verb, count the number of syllables and subtract 1.

In Spanish, words have gender (masculine or feminine), which affects many words like nouns, adjectives, articles, and verbs. This grammatical system is a linguistic convention. In contrast, English does not use gender in a generalized way. Although some nouns related to living beings have gender distinctions, most do not require agreement, and gender is indicated only with pronouns like "he" or "she" when necessary.

First, the letters
The initials of the relevant words in order are "tranquila" (calm, feminine adjective) as T, "luna" (moon, feminine noun) as L, "iluminaba" (illuminated, verb) as i, "vasta" (vast, feminine adjective) as V, and "llanura" (plain, feminine noun) as L. The sequence of letters is T, L, i, V, L.

Second, the symbol
The last word is "desierto" (desert, masculine noun), so the symbol is #.

Third, the numbers
"Tranquila" has three vowels (a, i, a), so 3 × 2 equals 6.
"Luna" has two vowels (u, a), so 2 × 2 equals 4.
"Iluminaba" has five syllables (i‑lu‑mi‑na‑ba), so 5 minus 1 equals 4.
Therefore, the three numbers are 6, 4, 4.

In conclusion:
Letters: T, L, i, V, L
Symbol: #
Numbers: 6, 4, 4
Therefore, the password is: T, L, i, V, L # 6, 4, 4

English Final Answer:  L, T, i, V, L # 4, 6, 4


Fuimos a la heladería a comprar helado con Ana y Víctor, la heladería se llama  "1 Ton Helada". ¿Sabes cuánta cantidad de helado han vendido en toda su vida?

We went to the ice cream shop to buy ice cream with Ana, and Victor; the ice cream shop is called "1 Ton Helada" (1 Ton Frozen). Do you know how much ice cream they have sold in their whole life?

In spanish, the phrase, "1 Ton Helada" sounds exactly like "una tonelada" in English, "one ton."

English Reasoning: The question asks about the total amount of ice cream sold by "1 Ton Helada," but the name of the shop itself is a clever wordplay. "1 Ton Helada" (1 Ton Frozen) resembles "1 tonelada," which means "1 ton" in Spanish. Since no actual sales figures are given, the most likely answer is a playful interpretation based on the name of the shop. Therefore, the answer is humorously suggesting that they've sold one ton of ice cream, aligning with the name's implied meaning.

English Final Answer: One ton. (In Spanish, means "Una tonelada").