Mi abuelo trabajaba en un pueblo llamado Uverito en Venezuela en los años 40 como agricultor y ganaba real y medio cada 15 días. Tomó su sueldo de un mes y se compró una vaca y esa vaca tuvo dos becerros a los que vendió luego por 3 reales, 1 medio y 1 cuartillo. ¿Cuántos bolívares obtuvo mi abuelo de ganancia?

The grandfather worked in a town called Uverito in Venezuela in the 1940s as a farmer and earned a “real" (typical Venezuelan currency) and a half every 15 days. He took his one-month salary and bought a cow. That cow had two calves, which he later sold for 3 “reales" (typical Venezuelan currency), 1 half, and 1 cuartillo (typical Venezuelan form for a quarter of a real). How many bolívares did the grandfather make in profit?

English Reasoning:

Reales were old currency units used in Venezuela before the bolívar was introduced. Bolívares is the current official currency in Venezuela. They replaced the reales and are used today.

To calculate the profit in bolívares, we need to follow these steps: First, the amount the grandfather earned in a month is calculated, knowing how much he receives each half month. Then, the money obtained from selling the calves is added. Finally, to know the profit, the initial cost of the cow is subtracted from the money received from selling the calves.

The equivalences are:
1 real = Bs. 0.50

1 medio = Bs. 0.25

1 cuartillo = Bs. 0.125

1. The grandfather's salary in a month. He earned a real and a half every 15 days, i.e.:
1 real = Bs. 0.50
1 medio = Bs. 0.25
Total fortnightly = 0.50 + 0.25 = Bs. 0.75

So, in one month (two fortnights) he earned:
Bs. 0.75 x 2 = Bs. 1.50
That was the cost of the cow.

2. Sale of the two calves. He sold the calves for:
3 reales = 3 x 0.50 = Bs. 1.50
1 medio = Bs. 0.25
1 cuartillo = Bs. 0.125
Total sale = 1.50 + 0.25 + 0.125 = Bs. 1.875

3. Profit
Income from sale - Cost of the cow = Profit
Bs. 1.875 - Bs. 1.50 = Bs. 0.375

Result:
The grandfather made a profit of Bs. 0.375.

English Final Answer: Bs. 0.375


Mi abuela nos contó en una cena familiar que, cuando tenía su casa en Soria, cultivaba su terreno ella misma. Ella nos comentó que la mitad de la finca la tenía plantada de trigo y la otra mitad de centeno y que cada 3 meses cosechaba una fanega de trigo y cada 4 meses una fanega de centeno. ¿Cuántos kilos cosechaba sumando ambos cereales en un año?

My grandmother told us at a family dinner that, when she had her house in Soria, she cultivated her land herself. She told us that half of the land was planted with wheat and the other half with rye, and that every 3 months she harvested a "fanega" of wheat (a "fanega" is an old Castilian unit of agricultural weight, variable depending on the material to which it referred and the region), and every 4 months a "fanega" of rye. How many kilos did she harvest in total for both cereals in a year?

English Reasoning: I need to calculate how many "fanegas" of each cereal are harvested in a year, then convert to kilograms. A "fanega" is an old Castilian unit of agricultural weight, variable depending on the material to which it referred and the region.
For wheat: She harvests 1 "fanega" every 3 months, so in 12 months (1 year) she harvests 12/3=4 "fanegas" of wheat.
For rye: She harvests 1 "fanega" every 4 months, so in 12 months she harvests 12/4=3 "fanegas" of rye.
To convert to kilograms, I need the conversion rates:
    1 "fanega" of wheat = 43.247 kg.
    1 "fanega" of rye = 41.407 kg.
Therefore:
    4 "fanegas" of wheat = 4×43.247= 172.988 kg.
    3 "fanegas" of rye = 3×41.407=124.221 kg.
Total: 172.988+124.221=297.209 kg

English Final Answer: 297.209 kg.

Mathematical & Logical Reasoning with Cultural Relevance


Si cojo las letras de cada provincia española que da al mar Mediterráneo, excepto las Baleares y las cuidades autónomas, y las multiplicom luego supongo que el resultado son granos de arroz y que cada grano de arroz pesa 3 miligramos. ¿Cuántos sacos de medio quintal castellano me harán falta para guardar todos esos granos de arroz?

Prompt Translation to English: If I take the letters of each Spanish province that faces the Mediterranean Sea, except for the Balearic Islands and the autonomous cities, and then multiply them, and I suppose the result is grains of rice, and that each grain of rice weighs 3 milligrams. How many half-Castilian quintal (hundredweight used in Castille) sacks will I need to store all those grains of rice?

English Reasoning: The Spanish provinces that face the Mediterranean Sea and their number of letters, excluding the Balearic Islands and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla are: Girona (8 letters), Barcelona (9), Tarragona (9), Castellón (9), Valencia (8), Alicante (8), Murcia (6), Almería (7), Granada (7), Málaga (6) and Cádiz (5).

Multiplying all the number of letters it gives a result of: 8 * 9 * 9 * 9 * 8 * 8 * 6 * 7 * 7 * 6 * 5 = 2,469,035,520 grains of rice.
If each grain weighs 3 milligrams its weight in kilograms is 3/1000000 = 0.000003 kilograms.
Therefore, there are 2,469,035,520 * 0.000003 = 7407.106556 kilograms.
A Castillian quintal weighs 46.008 kilograms. Therefore, a half-quintal weighs 23.004 kilograms.

Then, the number of half-quintal sacks is 7407.106556 kilograms divided by 23.004 kilograms per sack. That is: 7407.105665/23.004 = 321.992 sacks.

Therefore, there are required 322 sacks.

English Final Answer: 322.


Gerardo es un coleccionista que se anda recorriendo varias ciudades a ver qué encuentra.
Arrancó desde Los Mochis y llegó a Hermosillo, y se encnontró una estampita del Santo y la compró en 7800 pesos IVA incluído. De ahí se fue para Caborca y se encontró un set de cartas de baseball viejas, se las dieron en 11600 en un mercado informal. Ahí mismo encontró un fulano vendindo aparatos viejos y se encontró con un Atari 2600 en perfecto estado, y se lo dejaron en 1800 IVA incluído. De ahí fue a Nogales y encontró unas figuras de colección, y le dieron todo el paquete en 3500 IVA incluído. Por último, fue hasta Mexicali por un comic en muy buen estado, y se lo dieron en 14000 IVA incluído.
¿Cuánto pagó Gerardo de IVA en total por todos los artículos? Redondea todos los valores al centavo.

Gerardo is a collector who is traveling through various cities to see what he can find. He started from Los Mochis and arrived in Hermosillo, where he found a sticker of El Santo and bought it for 7800 pesos, including IVA (Impuesto al Valor Agregado, the Mexican equivalent to the VAT, Value-Added Tax). Then, he went to Caborca and found a set of old baseball cards, which he got for 11600 pesos at an informal market. There, he also found a guy selling old devices and came across an Atari 2600 in perfect condition, which he got for 1800 pesos, including IVA. Next, he went to Nogales and found some collectible figures, and he got the whole package for 3500 pesos, including IVA. Finally, he went to Mexicali for a comic in very good condition, and he got it for 14000 pesos, including IVA. How much did Gerardo pay in total for IVA for all the items? Round all values to the cent.

English Reasoning:
We have 5 articles Gerardo bought, and we have to find out how much of what he paid for each corresponds to IVA.
We have to take into account that an informal market in Mexico refers to a market outside of taxation and regulation, so anything bought in an informal market is not declared and doesn't pay taxes. Also, the IVA in the cities directly south to the northern border with the USA only applies an 8% IVA, as opposed to the 16% IVA paid in the rest of the country.
With that in mind, let's check the items Gerardo bought one by one:

1. El Santo sticker: 7800 pesos: IVA = 7800 - (7800 / 1.16) ≈ 1075.86, as Hermosillo is not in the border zone.

2. Baseball cards: No IVA applied, as it's an informal market.

3. Atari 2600: 1800 pesos: IVA = 1800 - (1800 / 1.08) ≈ 133.33, as Caboca is in the border zone.

4. Collectible figures: 3500 pesos: IVA = 3500 - (3500 / 1.08) ≈ 259.29, as Nogales is in the border zone.

5. Comic:  14000 pesos:  = IVA 14000 - (14000 / 1.08) ≈ 1037.04, as Mexicali is in the border zone.

Total IVA = 1075.86 + 0 + 133.33 + 259.29 + 1037.04 = 2505.49 pesos.

English Final Answer: 2505.49


explícame el siguiente chiste:
"Si hay boletos de avión para infante, también para ustedes los ricos?"

Pun with “infante” (airplane tickets for children) and Pedro Infante (singer and actor).

Explain the following joke to me:
“If there are airline tickets for infants (Infante), are they also for you, rich people?”

English Reasoning: The humor in the joke comes from a misunderstanding of the Spanish word "infante" (in Spanish, "infante" usually refers to an infant or baby) with the surname of a famous Mexican actor from the golden age of cinema, Pedro Infante, one of his most famous films is “Ustedes los ricos” (You the rich).

English Final Answer: Confusion between “infante” (airplane tickets for children) and Pedro Infante (singer and actor).

Wordplay & Riddles with Cultural Context


Creo que mi tío me quiere chamaquear. Según él, en 2004, tras ver su programa favorito del momento en el Canal 5, Otro Rollo, salió al tianguis y me compró una calaverita de chocolate con mi nombre. Pero como que las fechas y las horas no me cuadran. ¿Tú qué dices? ¿Me quiere chamaquear o dice la verdad?

I think my uncle is trying to trick me. According to him, in 2004, after watching his favorite show at the time on Channel 5, "Otro Rollo," he went to the tianguis (street market) and bought me a chocolate skull with my name on it. But the dates and times don't seem to add up for me. What do you think? Is he trying to trick me or is he telling the truth?

English Reasoning: Firstly, "Otro Rollo" was indeed broadcast on Channel 5 during 2004; it was aired on Tuesday nights, usually starting late, around 9:00 PM or 10:00 PM. As for the chocolate skulls with names on them, these are typical of the Day of the Dead, celebrated on November 1 and 2, which fell on Monday and Tuesday, respectively, in 2004. Finally, while nighttime tianguis (street markets) are not common, it is common in Mexico to find nighttime tianguis on the days surrounding special events, such as the Day of the Dead or Epiphany. Therefore, the claim that your uncle went to the tianguis in 2004 after seeing "Otro Rollo" and bought you a chocolate skull with your name on it is most likely true, since the dates and times match.

English Final Answer: Most likely he is telling the truth (in Spanish: "Muy probablemente dice la verdad").


Mis abuelos se casaron exactamente, cinco días después de que su ciudad natal, El Tigre, en Venezuela, se convirtiera en un municipio. ¿Me podrías decir cuándo es el aniversario de bodas de mis abuelos?

My grandparents got married exactly five days after their hometown, El Tigre, in Venezuela, became a municipality. Could you tell me when my grandparents' wedding anniversary is?

English Reasoning: To find the wedding anniversary of the grandparents, we need to determine the date when El Tigre became a municipality. Research indicates that El Tigre was officially designated as a municipality on April 26, 1939, According to the prompt, the grandparents were married five days after this date. Therefore, their wedding date was April 26 + 5 days = May 1. Their anniversary is celebrated every year on this date.

English Final Answer: May 1 (in Spanish, 1 de mayo).


Acabo de caerle a Jalisco y el día de hoy me voy a reunir en casa de uno de mis cuates.
El problema es que a este se le ocurrió darnos las direcciones usando unidades de longitud del antiguo sistema español de castilla.
Estas son las indicaciones que nos dio:
1. Las medidas corresponden a las fijadas por Carlos IV en 1801.
2. Avanza 1/10 de legua desde el punto de partida.
3. Dar vuelta a la derecha y continuar por 200 tercios hasta topar con la ceiba del parque de la cuadra.
4. Doblar a la izquierda y seguir 50 varas hasta llegar a la tienda de doña Lupe.
5. Cruza la calle y camina 150 codos hasta saludar al viejo vende duros en la universidad Guadalajara.
6. Gira finalmente a la izquierda y toca el timbre en la casa amarilla a 160 sexmas de la esquina.
Sabiendo esto, ¿cuántos metros camine aproximadamente del punto de partida hasta los chicharrones?

I just arrived in Jalisco, and today I'm going to meet at one of my buddies' house.
The problem is that he decided to give us the directions using length units from the old Spanish Castilian system.
These are the directions he gave us:
1. The measurements correspond to those fixed by Charles IV in 1801.
2. Advance 1/10 of a league (legua) from the starting point.
3. Turn right and continue for 200 thirds (tercios) until you hit the ceiba tree in the block's park.
4. Turn left and continue for 50 varas until you reach Doña Lupe's store.
5. Cross the street and walk 150 cubits (codos) until you greet the old man selling duros (chicharron) at the Guadalajara University.
6. Finally, turn left and ring the doorbell at the yellow house 160 sixths (sexmas) from the corner.
Knowing this, approximately how many meters did I walk from the starting point to the chicharróns?

English Reasoning: The problem requires calculating the total distance walked in meters, based on directions given in historical Spanish Castilian units, specifically those standardized by Carlos IV in 1801. The phrase "hasta los chicharrones" is a clue that the user wants to know how much they walked until arriving a stall selling them.

The core of the conversion is the Castilian vara (Vara de Burgos), which, according to the 1801 decree, is equivalent to 0.835905 meters. We need to convert each segment of the journey from its given unit to meters and then sum these distances.
Vara Castellana (Vara de Burgos): 1 vara = 0.835905 meters.
This is the base unit for our conversions.

Conversion of each distance:
Segment 1: 1/10 of a legua (league)
A Castilian league (legua común) was 20,000 Castilian pies (pies castellanos).
A vara is 3 pies. So, 1 pie = 1/3 vara = 0.835905 m / 3 = 0.278635 m.
Therefore, 1 legua = 20,000 pies * 0.278635 m/pie = 5572.7 meters.
Distance 1 = 1/10 legua = 5572.7 m / 10 = 557.27 meters.

Segment 2: 200 tercios
A tercio (third) is 1/3 of a vara.
1 tercio = 1/3 * 0.835905 m = 0.278635 m.
Distance 2 = 200 tercios * 0.278635 m/tercio = 55.727 meters.

Segment 3: 50 varas
1 vara = 0.835905 m.
Distance 3 = 50 varas * 0.835905 m/vara = 41.79525 meters.

Segment 4: 150 codos (cubits)
A Castilian codo (codo real or común) is 1/2 of a vara.
1 codo = 1/2 * 0.835905 m = 0.4179525 m.
Distance 4 = 150 codos * 0.4179525 m/codo = 62.692875 meters.

Segment 5: 160 sexmas
A sexma is 1/6 of a vara.
1 sexma = 1/6 * 0.835905 m = 0.1393175 m.
Distance 5 = 160 sexmas * 0.1393175 m/sexma = 22.2908 meters.

Total Distance Calculation:
Summing all the calculated distances:
Total Distance = 557.27 m + 55.727 m + 41.79525 m + 62.692875 m + 22.2908 m
Total Distance = 739.775925 meters.

However, the question asks how long did they walk before reaching the chicharróns, which means that the user is not asking for the complete trip distance.
In Clue 5 it is stated that "until you greet the old man selling duros", where 'duros' is a typical expression in Guadalajara, Jalisco to refer to the chicharróns. Therefore, the answer is the walked distance from the starting point to this old man stall, basically, without including the last distance.

Final Distance Calculation:
Summing the relevant calculated distances:
Total Distance = 557.27 m + 55.727 m + 41.79525 m + 62.692875 m
Total Distance = 717.485125 meters.

Approximation:
The question asks for an approximate distance ("aproximadamente"). Rounding to the nearest integer:
Total Distance ≈ 717 meters.

English Final Answer: 717 m.


Descifra esta adivinanza: Y lo digo, y lo digo. Dime rápido qué es porque no te lo repito.

Decipher this riddle: And I say it (y lo digo), and I say it (y lo digo) Tell me quickly what it is, because I won't repeat it.

Hint: In Spanish, "y lo" sounds like "hilo," which means thread.

English Reasoning: The riddle is a play on words in Spanish. The phrase "y lo digo, y lo digo" (and I say it, and I say it) contains the word "hilo" (thread) embedded within it when spoken ("y-lo digo, y-lo digo"). The riddle literally 'says' the answer 'hilo' twice. In Spanish, phonetically, "y lo" (and it) sounds like "hilo," which is thread in English.

English Final Answer: Thread (Hilo in Spanish)


Si José ataja pelotas en la cancha y María opera personas en el hospital, ¿cuánto tiempo hay entre los días donde se celebran sus profesiones en Argentina?

If José saves balls on the soccer field and María does surgery at the hospital, how much time is there between the dates where their professions are celebrated in Argentina?

English Reasoning: "José saves balls on the soccer field" suggests he is a goalkeeper, so his profession is celebrated on "Día del Arquero" (Goalkeeper's Day). In Argentina, this is celebrated on April 12 in honor of Amadeo Carrizo, River Plate's legend and pioneer who wore gloves for the first time. "María does surgery at the hospital", so her profession is that of a surgeon, which is celebrated on "Día del Cirujano" (Surgeon's Day) in Argentina, which is September 26. To find out how much time separates these two professional day celebrations, we calculate the days between April 12 and September 26. Then, we find that from April 12 to September 26 there are always 167 days.

English Final Answer: 167 days.


Desde el 94 mi padre no se ha perdido ningún pregón de la Aste Nagusia. Ayer le comentaba a mi madre que había ido a Bilbao a verlo 31 veces, pero mi madre le decía que no, que solamente había ido 29 veces. Teniendo en cuenta que estamos a mayo de 2025, ¿cuál de los dos tiene razón?

Since '94 my father has not missed any “pregón” (opening ceremony proclamation) of the “Aste Nagusia” (Bilbao's big week festival). Yesterday he was telling my mother that he had gone to Bilbao to see it 31 times, but my mother told him no, that he had only gone 29 times. Considering that it is May 2025, which of them is right?

English Reasoning: The father started attending the “Aste Nagusia pregón” (opening ceremony of Bilbao's big week) in 1994 and has not missed any since. The current date is May 2025. The “Aste Nagusia” festival typically takes place in August. Therefore, the “pregón” for 2025 has not yet occurred. The last “pregón” the father could have attended was the one in 2024. The period during which he could have attended is from 1994 to 2024, inclusive. The total number of years in this period is 2024-1994=31 years. This is the number of times the father claims to have attended. However, for him to have “gone to Bilbao to see it”, the “pregón” must have actually taken place. The “Aste Nagusia” festival, and consequently, its “pregón”, was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the “pregón” did not occur in 2020 and 2021, he could not have attended it in those two years. The phrase “no se ha perdido ningún pregón” means he attended every “pregón” that actually happens. Therefore, the number of times actually attended the “pregón” is the total number of years in the period (31) minus the number of years the event was cancelled (2). So the actual number of attendances is 31-2=29 times. The mother stated that he had gone 29 times. Bases on this, the mother's count is correct.

English Final Answer: The mother.


Mi novio me propuso matrimonio el día del cabildo de Getsemaní, el año en que se conmemoraron los 200 años de la independencia de Cartagena. Desde ese día hasta hoy, 1 de mayo de 2025, ¿ha caído más esa fecha en domingo o en sábado?

My boyfriend proposed to me on the day of the day of the Gethsemane council (cabildo of Getsemaní), held in the year in which the 200th anniversary of Cartagena's independence was commemorated. From that day until today (May 1, 2025), has that date fallen more often on Sunday or Saturday?

English Reasoning: The Getsemaní Cabildo (Gethsemane council) is a carnival that honors the African heritage of the "Gestemanicenses" (people from getsemaní´s neighborhood) and the struggles led by their ancestors for the independence of Colombia, which is held in the popular Getsemaní neighborhood in Cartagena. The key idea is to understand that the marriage proposal was just the day that the Gethsemane council took place during the celebration of Cartagena's 200 years of independence, which took place in 2011. This is known because the independence of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) was declared on November 11, 1811 (1811 + 200 = 2011). According to bibliographic sources, the date of this council (cabildo) is the second Sunday of November, which in 2011 coincides with the date November 13, 2011. So, to know if this date has fallen more on Sunday or Saturday, we must know the leap years from 2011 to 2025 (2012, 2016, 2020, 2024). Taking this into account, we find the years in which this date coincides with Saturday and Sunday:

Saturday: 2021
Sunday: 2011, 2016, 2022.

Therefore, November 13 has fallen one (1) time on Saturday and three (3) times on Sunday. Thus, this date has fallen more on Sunday than Saturday from 2011 to 2025.

Most models assume that the date is November 11, not 13. However, independence is celebrated on the 11th, and the council (cabildo) is celebrated on another day, which for the year 2011 coincided with Sunday, November 13th.

English Final Answer: Sunday (In Spanish, domingo).


Mi nana nos pidió que trajeramos agua a su casa. Vive en un pueblo de Oaxaca, muy cerca de un río. Luis, Paloma y yo fuimos por ella. Luis trajo 1 canoa, Paloma media canoa, y yo traje 0.8 canoa.
¿Cuántos veces necesitamos ir por agua para llenar una pila de 248 litros?

My "nana" (grandmother) asked us to bring water to her house. She lives in a town in Oaxaca, very close to a river. Luis, Paloma, and I went to get it. Luis brought 1 canoe (Mexica volume measuring unit, equivalent to 27 liters), Paloma brought half a canoe, and I brought 0.8 canoe. How many times do we need to go for water to fill a 248-liter tank?

English Reasoning: First, we need to determine the total amount of water they can carry in one trip. We know that Luis brought 1 canoe, Paloma brought 0.5 canoes, and you brought 0.8 canoes. So, in total, they brought 1 + 0.5 + 0.8 = 2.3 canoes.

A "canoa" or canoe is a Mexica volume measuring unit, equivalent to 27 liters. So for every trip, they bring 2.3 x 27 = 62.1 liters of water.

Now, they need to fill up a 248-liter tank. If we divide this by the amount of liters per trip:

248 / 62.1 = 3.993 trips.

Since there can't be half or partial trips, they need to make one more trip, for a total of 4 trips.

English Final Answer: 4 times (in Spanish, 4 veces).


En la hacienda de café de mi familia en Venezuela, se producían 4 quintales de café pergamino semanales y luego, le vendían a las empresas locales el kilogramo de café a un cobre. ¿De cuántos bolívares era la producción semanal de la hacienda?

On my family's coffee farm in Venezuela, 4 "quintales" (57.5 kg/quintal) of parchment coffee were produced weekly and then sold to local companies at a certain price per kilogram; the production was paid in "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency), and it is known that they sold the kilogram of coffee at "1 cobre" (0.05 bolívares). How many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) was the weekly production of the farm worth?

English Reasoning:
First, we need to know the meaning of each term:
• Quintales: plural of quintal, traditional Hispanic measure. Equivalent to 57.5 kg/quintal.
• Bolívares: Venezuelan currency.
• Cobre: old Venezuelan currency. Equivalent to 0.05 bolívares.

Now, let's calculate the weekly income of the farm step by step:
1. Production in kilogram per week.
We know that:
4 quintales were produced weekly.
1 quintal = 57.5 kg

Then:
4 quintales x 57.5 kg/quintal = 230 kg/week.

2. Price per kilogram
1 kilogram was sold for "1 cobre."
1 cobre = 0.05 bolívares.

Then:
230 kg x 0.05 Bs./kg = Bs. 11.5

Result:
Weekly farm production generated 11.5 bolívares.

English Final Answer: Bs. 11.5 (in Spanish "11.5 bolívares").


Mi hermana me ha pedido que, para el bolo, no sea codo, por lo que le he añadido más feria al asunto y al final terminé con una milpa, 2 Sor Juanas, 3 ajolotitos y 2 ciegos. Fui al banco, a Texcoco, y pedí que el billete de mayor denominación me lo cambiaran por monedas de a varo y el resto en monedas de a tostón. ¿Cuántas monedas me han dado al final?

My sister asked me not to be stingy for the "bolo" (money gift, usually at baptisms in Mexico), so I added more "feria" money to it, and in the end, I had one "milpa" (1,000 MXN bill), 2 "Sor Juanas" (200 MXN bills), 3 "ajolotitos" (50 MXN bills), and 2 "ciegos" (100 MXN bills). I went to the bank in Texcoco and asked for the highest denomination bill to be exchanged for "varo" coins (1 MXN coins) and the rest into "tostón" coins (0.50 MXN coins). How many coins did I get in the end?

English Reasoning:

First, let's calculate the total amount of money:

1. "Una milpa" refers to a 1,000 MXN bill. So, 1 x 1000 = 1,000 MXN.
2. "Sor Juanas" refers to 200 MXN bills. So, 2 x 200 = 400 MXN.
3. "Ajolotitos" refers to 50 MXN bills. So, 3 x 50 = 150 MXN.
4. "ciegos" refers to 100 MXN bills. So, 2 x 100 = 200 MXN.
Total money = 1,000 + 400 + 150 + 200 = 1,750 MXN.

The highest denomination bill is the 1,000 MXN bill ("una milpa"). This amount is exchanged for "monedas de a varo," which are 1 MXN coins.
Number of 1 MXN coins = 1,000 MXN ÷ 1 MXN/coin = 1,000 coins.

The rest of the money corresponds to the total amount minus the highest denomination bill:
Remaining money = 1,750 MXN - 1,000 MXN = 750 MXN.
This remaining amount is exchanged for "monedas de a tostón," which are 0.50 MXN coins.
Number of 0.50 MXN coins = 750 MXN ÷ 0.50 MXN/coin = 1,500 coins.
Total number of coins = (coins from the highest denomination bill) + (coins from the remaining amount)
Total coins = 1,000 + 1,500 = 2,500 coins.

English Final Answer: 2,500


En un paradero del centro de Chiclayo hay una señora que vende cachangas con champús todos los días, uno de los pequeños placeres de ser norteño. Hoy me acerqué a hacer mi pedido y la señito me dijo de forma preventiva "si me paga con 50 cocos solo tengo para el vuelto 4 manitos y el resto ferritos"

Si mi cuenta salió 14.50, ¿cuántas monedas recibiré en total?

At a bus stop in downtown Chiclayo, a city in northern Peru, a woman is selling a local food called “cachangas” (a typical snack of Peruvian cuisine) and “champús” (a traditional Peruvian dessert), one of the simple pleasures of northern life.

Today, when I went to place my order, the “señito” (in Spanish, a diminutive for lady) told me in advance: “If you pay with a 50 "cocos" (slang for a 50 PEN bill), I only have 4 manitos (slang for a 5 PEN coin), and the rest of your change will be in ferritos (slang for a 0.10 PEN coin).”

If my total was 14.50 PEN, how many coins will I receive in total?

English Reasoning: Before calculating the number of coins, it's important to understand a few cultural details from Peru, especially local slang used for money and how change is typically given.

In Peru:

-“Coco” is a slang term for soles, the official currency of Peru (PEN). It’s often used to refer to bills in multiples of 10. So, 50 cocos mean 50 PEN.
-“Manito” refers to a 5 PEN coin. The word comes from “mano” (hand) and is a playful way to say “five,” like the five fingers on a hand.
-“Ferrito” is slang for a 0.10 PEN coin (10 cents).

In this case, a street vendor in Chiclayo tells the customer she only has 4 "manitos" (5 PEN) and the rest of the change will be in "ferritos" (0.10 PEN).

If the customer paid 50.00 PEN and the purchase cost 14.50 PEN, the total change is:
50.00 – 14.50 = 35.50 PEN

From that:
-4 manitos = 4 × 5.00 PEN = 20.00 PEN
-The remaining 15.50 PEN will be given in "Ferritos".

Since each ferrito is worth 0.10 PEN, we need: 15.50 ÷ 0.10 = 155 ferritos

Total coins given as change:
-> 4 "manitos" (4 coins of 5.00 PEN)
->155 "ferritos" (155 coins of 0.10 PEN)

Then, the total number of coins to be received in the exchange is 159.

English Final Answer: 159


Dos amigos están tras la pista de una especie única de ave en el Pacífico colombiano. Tienen un antiguo mapa que les indica que desde donde están deben recorrer 60 leguas hacia el norte, luego doblar a la izquierda 20 leguas más. Desde ahí a pielillo, 12 leguas hacia el noroccidente, doblar a la derecha donde encontrarán un gran haya, y desde ahí recorrer 8 leguas más hasta encontrar el posible refugio de aves. Si ellos van en una moto eléctrica, con cuya batería pueden recorrer 50 kilómetros hasta descargarse, ¿cuántas veces deben recargar la moto eléctrica hasta llegar a su destino?

Two friends are on the trail of a unique bird species in the Colombian Pacific. They have an old map indicating that they need to travel 60 leagues ("leguas," an old measure of distance) north from their current location, then turn left and travel an additional 20 leagues. From there, on foot ("a pielillo" means walking), 12 leagues northwest, turn right where they will find a large beech tree, and from there travel 8 more leagues to find the possible bird refuge. If they are on an electric motorcycle whose battery can travel 50 kilometers before running out, how many times must they recharge the electric motorcycle to reach their destination?

English Reasoning: To solve this question, there are two important keys:

1. It is necessary to understand the concept of league ("legua"), which is an ancient measure of distance. This measure depends on the geographic location where it is used. In Colombia, until the middle of the 19th century, a version of the legua called the legua granadina was used, which was equivalent to 5 km (5,000 m). As the friends are looking for birds in the Colombian Pacific, it is understood that the conversion from leguas to kilometers will be based on the measurement in Colombia, not in other countries.

2. The friends travel 60 leagues to the north, then turn left and travel 20 more leagues by motorcycle. They travel the other 2 leagues to the northwest, and from there travel 8 more leagues by walking, not by motorcycle. It is known that they are walking because of the colloquial expression “a pielillo” (on foot), which means to walk or walk on foot.

Taking this into account, only the kilometers that they go by motorcycle should be taken into account, not on foot. That is, 60 leagues plus 20 leagues for a total of 80 leagues.

Then, considering that 1 league is 5 kilometers, the total travel distance is 400 kilometers (80 × 5 = 400 kilometers). If the loaded motorcycle lasts a distance equal to 50 kilometers, to cover these 400 kilometers, the motorcycle must be recharged 8 times (400 ÷ 50 = 8).

English Final Answer: 8


Mi hermano Ángel nació en Cantaura, el mismo día de la celebración del santo patrono de dicha ciudad. Él no es muy religioso y no le gusta que le celebren su cumpleaños ese día, siempre nos pide que se lo celebremos el sábado posterior a su cumpleaños. ¿En qué fecha le celebraremos el cumpleaños a mi hermano en el año 2026?

My brother Ángel was born in Cantaura (city in Venezuela), on the same day of the celebration of the patron saint of that city. He is not very religious and doesn't like his birthday celebrated on that day, he always asks us to celebrate it on the Saturday after his birthday. On what date will we celebrate my brother's birthday in the year 2026?

English Reasoning: First, identify Ángel actual birth date. His birthday is on the feast day of the patron saint of Cantaura (city of Venezuela) The patron saint of Cantaura, Anzoátegui, Venezuela is Our Lady of Candelaria (Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria). Her day is celebrated on February 2nd. Second, determine the date of the celebration in 2026. The celebration is held on the Saturday after his birthday (February 2nd). We need to find what day of the week, February 2nd, 2026, falls on. Checking a calendar, February 2nd, 2026, is a Monday. The Saturday immediately following Monday, February 2nd 2026, is February 7th, 2026.

English Final Answer: February 7th (in Spanish, "7 de febrero")


Órdenes da, órdenes recibe, algunas autoriza y otras prohíbe. Cuando accede, yo celebro. ¿De quién se trata?

Orders it gives, orders it receives, some it authorizes and others it prohibits. When it grants access, I celebrate (celebro). Who is it?

In Spanish, the word "celebro" sounds like "cerebro".

English reasoning: The riddle plays with the Spanish word "Celebro" which sounds like "Cerebro". In this context, it makes sense for it to be the brain, as it gives and receives orders to the body. The pun is created by exchanging the meaning of the two words.

English final answer: The brain (In spanish, mean cerebro).


Cada año mis amigos y yo hemos ido a la Tomatina. Hemos ido desde 2017 hasta 2024 ambos inclusive, pero en los años en que se celebraba el día 28 no íbamos. ¿Cuántos años hemos ido?

Every year my friends and I have gone to the Tomatina (Spanish popular festival). We have gone from 2017 to 2024 both inclusive, but in the years when it was celebrated on the 28th we didn't go. How many years have we gone?

English reasoning: Firstly, identify the total range of years: 2017 to 2024 inclusive. This is 2024-2017+1= 8 years. Then identify the exclusion rule: they did not go if the Tomatina (Spanish festival related to tomatoes) was celebrated on the 28th of the month. The Tomatina is celebrated on the last Wednesday of August. Finally, the Tomatina was canceled in 2020 and 2021 due to the pandemic.
2017–August 30th (they went)
2018–August 29th (they went)
2019–August 28th (they did not go)
2020–August 26th (canceled due to pandemic)
2021–August 25th (canceled due to pandemic)
2022–August 31st (they went)
2023–August 30th (they went)
2024–August 28th (they did not go)
The years you did go, it's 2017, 2018, 2022 and 2023. In total, you've been to the Tomatina for four years.

English Final Answer: 4


Mi hermana nació el día de la Batalla de Puebla, pero en el mismo de la canción de Natalia Lafourcade donde menciona a Gael García y Ricky Martin. Según ella, su cumpleaños nunca ha caído en sábado. Obvio, se equivoca, pero para ser precisos y restregarle la verdad sin objeciones, dime, ¿Cuántas veces, desde que nació hasta hoy, 1 de mayo de 2025, el cumpleaños de mi hermana ha caído en sábado?

My sister was born on the day of the Battle of Puebla, but in the same year as the title of that Natalia Lafourcade hit song where she mentions Gael García and Ricky Martin. According to her, her birthday has never fallen on a Saturday. Obviously, she's wrong, but to be precise and rub the truth in her face without objections, tell me, how many times, since she was born until today, May 1, 2025, has my sister's birthday fallen on a Saturday?

English Reasoning: First, we need to determine the sister's birth date. The Battle of Puebla is celebrated on May 5th. The Natalia Lafourcade hit song mentioning Gael García and Ricky Martin with a year in the title is "En el 2000" (in the year 2000). Therefore, the sister's birth date is May 5, 2000. The period to check is from her birth date (May 5, 2000) up to the date specified, May 1, 2025. This means we need to check May 5th for each year from 2000 to 2024, since May 5th, 2025, has not occurred yet relative to the query date.
The years from 2000 to 2024 that May 5th has fallen on Saturday are:

- May 5, 2001
- May 5, 2007
- May 5, 2012
- May 5, 2018

Therefore, from May 5, 2000, to May 1, 2025, the sister's birthday (May 5th) has fallen on a Saturday 4 times.

English Final Answer: 4


Estoy en un parque Huaral escuchando el último disco de Mauricio Mesones. Cerca a mí hay un grupo hablando y se dirigen entre ellos así:
-Patrick le dice a Alex: tú eres mi "causita"
-Alex le dice a Nico: siempre contigo, "viejito"
-Alejandro le dice a Alex: mi casi tocayo, el "casi padre" de mi enano
-Alex le dice a Juan: mi "cachorro"

¿Qué vinculos tienen esos hombres con Alex?

Patrick es amigo de Alex.
Nico es papá de Alex.
Alejandro es compadre de Alex.
Juan es hijo de Alex.

I’m sitting in a park in Huaral, Peru, listening to the latest album by Mauricio Mesones. Nearby, a group of men is chatting and addressing each other like this:

-Patrick says to Alex: You are my 'causita' ("Causita" is a popular Peruvian slang term for a good friend or buddy).
-Alex says to Nico: Always with you, 'viejito' ("Viejito" is an affectionate term for one’s father or an older male.).
-Alejandro says to Alex: My almost namesake and 'casi padre' of my child ("Casi padre" refers to the godfather of a child).
-Alex says to Juan: "My puppy – 'cachorro' ("Cachorro" means puppy and is a slang term in Peru to refer to one’s son).

Based on these expressions, what relationships do these men have with Alex?

English Reasoning: To identify Alex's relationships with the other men present, we must consider the following:

"Causita" is a Peruvian slang term used to refer to a good friend, someone very close, with whom there is a strong sense of trust. This expression reflects a close, friendly relationship based on camaraderie and complicity.

"Viejito" is an affectionate term used within the family to refer to the father or an older male figure in the home.

"Cachorro" is a slang term used to affectionately and protectively refer to one's child.

"Casi padre" refers to the godfather of a child. In many Latin American cultures, the godfather holds an important role, almost like a second father to the child. The relationship between the father and the godfather is known as a compadres relationship.

Based on these definitions, we can deduce the following relationships:

Patrick and Alex: The fact that Patrick calls Alex "causita" indicates a close, trusted friendship, suggesting they are very good friends.

Nico and Alex: Alex calling Nico "viejito" suggests that Nico is Alex's father.

Alejandro and Alex: Alejandro refers to Alex as "casi tocayo" due to the similarity in their names, and "casi padre," referring to the godfather figure, so they are compadres.

Alex and Juan: By calling Juan "cachorro," Alex is affectionately referring to his son.

With these clarifications, we can establish the relationships as follows: Alex is Patrick's friend, Nico's son, Alejandro's compadre, and Juan's father.

Final Answer:
-Patrick: Friend.
-Nico: Father.
-Alejandro: Alex is the godfather of Alejandro's son (compadre)
-Juan: Son

Linguistic Reasoning with Cultural Significance


Mis amigos y yo nos reunimos para jugar los juegos tradicionales que jugábamos de niños. Durante la reunión pasaron cosas muy divertidas. ¿Puedes relacionar a cada amigo con una actividad? Las actividades son: Tinjoroch, Kimbomba, Chácara, Busca Busca, Caza Venado y Pesca Pesca.
Lo que paso en la reunión fue:
1. Romero rompió su hilo y la tapa golpeo a un amigo.
2. Roberto se cayó del árbol de mamey cuando trato de agarrar a Diego.
3. Rafael fue olvidado en su escondite por lo bueno que fue.
4. Carlos le pego tan fuerte al cono de madera que voló y rompió una ventana.
5. Elías casi llegó al cielo, pero se resbaló con la piedra en el camino.
6. Daniel se subió a las casas para evitar que le den un pelotazo.

My friends and I got together to play the traditional games we used to play as children. During the gathering, some very funny things happened. Can you match each friend with an activity? The activities are: Tinjoroch (spinning top), Kimbomba (similar to baseball), Chácara (hopscotch), Busca Busca (hide-and-seek), Caza Venado (deer hunting), and Pesca Pesca (game of tag).

What happened at the gathering was:
1. Romero broke his thread and the cap hit a friend.
2. Roberto fell from the mamey tree when he tried to grab Diego.
3. Rafael was forgotten in his hiding spot because he was so good at it.
4. Carlos hit the wooden cone so hard that it flew and broke a window.
5. Elias almost reached heaven, but he slipped on the stone on the path.
6. Daniel climbed onto the houses to avoid being hit by a ball.

English Reasoning: The task is to match each friend mentioned in the numbered list (Romero, Roberto, Rafael, Carlos, Elías, Daniel) to one of the traditional games (Tinjoroch, Kimbomba, Chácara, Busca Busca, Caza Venado, Pesca Pesca) based on the described incidents.

Romero broke his thread and a cap flew off, hitting someone. This aligns with Tinjoroch, a game often played with a spinning metal cap spun with a thread.

Roberto fell from a tree while trying to catch Diego. This describes a chase or tag game. Pesca Pesca is a tag game, where one person (the fisherman) chases others (the fish). Climbing a tree fits this type of active pursuit.

Rafael was excellent at hiding and was forgotten. This clearly points to a game of hide-and-seek, which is Busca Busca.

Carlos hit a wooden cone hard, making it fly and break a window. This describes Kimbomba, a game similar to baseball where a small piece of wood shaped into a cone at both ends is hit with a stick.

Elias "almost reached heaven" but slipped on a stone. "Reaching heaven" is a common term in hopscotch for reaching the final square. The stone is used as a marker in hopscotch. Chácara is a regional name for hopscotch.

Daniel climbed onto houses to avoid being hit by a ball. This indicates a dodgeball-type game where players try to hit others with a ball. Caza Venado (Hunt the Deer) fits this description, as the hunter must hit the other players (deers) with a plastic ball to hunt them.

English Final Answer: Romero: Tinjoroch, Roberto: Pesca Pesca, Rafael: Busca Busca, Carlos: Kimbomba, Elias: Chácara, Daniel: Caza Venado.


En un taller mecánico en Medellín, el jefe de mecánica organiza el espacio de trabajo y sobre la mesa de herramientas coloca lo siguiente: Llave inglesa, boroscopio, estroboscopio, multímetro digital, osciloscopio automotriz, medidor de vacío, extractor de inyectores, central de alineación computarizada, pistola termográfica, dinamómetro, bloque de cilindros, centrador de embragues, escariador de válvulas, vacuómetro y compresímetro y lapeadora de válvulas.

Ahora, le pide a uno de sus alumnos que mencione el nombre de cada una de las herramientas:
Alumno: "Llavecita britanica, boroscopito, estroboscopio, multímetro computarizado, osciloscopito de carros, medidor de vacío, sacainyectores, coso de alineación digital, pistola medidora de calor, dinamómetro, bloque de cilindros, centrador de embrague, escariador de válvulas, vacuómetro, compresímetro y lapeadora de válvulas.

¿Qué herramientas no logra reconocer conceptualmente aunque no usó los términos técnicos precisos?

central de alineación digital / coso de alineación digital

In a mechanic workshop in Medellín, the head mechanic organizes the workspace and places the following on the tool table: Adjustable wrench, borescope, stroboscope, digital multimeter, automotive oscilloscope, vacuum gauge, injector puller, computerized alignment system, thermal imaging gun, dynamometer, cylinder block, clutch centering tool, valve reamer, vacuum gauge, compression tester, and valve lapper. He then asks a student to name each tool.

The student responds with: "Little British wrench (in Spanish, llave inglesa is “English wrench”, equivalent to adjustable wrench), little borescope, stroboscope, computerized multimeter, little car oscilloscope, vacuum gauge, injector remover, digital alignment thing, fever-measuring gun, dynamometer, cylinder block, clutch centering tool, valve reamer, vacuum gauge, compression tester, and valve lapper."

Which tools did the student fail to recognize conceptually, even if they didn’t use precise technical terms?

English Reasoning:

The student uses informal or slightly inaccurate names for several tools but generally demonstrates conceptual understanding (e.g., "Little British wrench" for adjustable wrench, as in Spanish, it is called an English wrench, "Little car oscilloscope" for automotive oscilloscope, "injector remover" for injector puller, "heat measuring gun" for thermal imaging gun).

However, referring to the "Computerized alignment system" as "Coso de alineación digital" (Digital alignment thingy) indicates a lack of conceptual grasp of what the item is beyond its basic function and type. The word "coso" (thingy) implies vagueness and inability to categorize it properly as a system or station, suggesting a conceptual misunderstanding, unlike the other informal descriptions.

English Final Answer: The student fails to recognize the "Central de alineación computarizada conceptually" (Computerized alignment system), referring to it vaguely as "Coso de alineación digital" (Digital alignment thingy).


Esta semana es la fiesta de mi prima y me llegaron las direcciones para llegar al salón de fiestas. Mi padre me pidió que se las envié, pero se las voy a mandar usando el antiguo sistema métrico español, ya que a él le encanta la historia y ese tipo de cosas. ¿Crees poder identificar correctamente cuantos km vamos a recorrer hasta llegar al salón de fiesta?
Aquí te dejo unas pistas:
1. Dirígete al norte unas 2/3 leguas de Almería hasta el ministerio local.
2. Muévete al oeste por 500 palmos de Baleares hasta la estatua de la libélula.
3. Dirígete al sur por 100 media canas de Baleares hasta el cruce principal
4. Continúa al oeste por 200 destre mallorquín lineal hasta llegar al palacio municipal
5. Gira al norte por 50 canas de Barcelona hasta llegar al salón de fiesta

This week is my cousin's party, and I received directions to the party hall. My father asked me to send them to him, but I'm going to send them using the old Spanish metric system, as he loves history and that sort of thing. Do you think you can correctly identify how many km we are going to travel to get to the party hall?

Here are some clues:

1. Head north about 2/3 leagues from Almería to the local ministry.
2. Move west for 500 Balearic palmos (spans) to the dragonfly statue.
3. Head south for 100 Balearic half-canas ("cana" as an old unit of length used in Spain) to the main crossroads.
4. Continue west for 200 Mallorcan linear destres (old length measurement unit from Mallorca) until you reach the municipal palace.
5. Turn north for 50 Barcelona "canas" (old unit of length used in Spain) until you reach the party hall.

English Reasoning: To find the total kilometers, we need to convert each old Spanish measurement to kilometers and add them up.

1. Spanish league (legua): 2/3 of a legua ≈ 2/3 × 5.5727 km = 3.7151 km
2. Balearic "palmos" (spans): 500 palmos × 0.1955 m (each Balearic span is equivalent to 19 cm) = 97.75 m = 0.09775 km
3. Half Balearic "cana": Each "cana" equals 1.564m > 100 × (1.564/2) m = 100 × 0.782 m = 78.2 m = 0.0782 km
4. Mallorcan destre: 200 × 4.214 m = 842.8 m = 0.8428 km
5. Barcelona cana: 50 × 1.555 m = 77.75 m = 0.07775 km

Total distance = 3.7151 + 0.09775 + 0.0782 + 0.8428 + 0.07775 = 4.8116 km

English Final Answer: 4.81 km.


Estudié Sociología en la Universidad Centran de Venezuela, el día de mi graduación estaba previsto para el día de la santa patrona de la universidad, pero por problemas logísticos, tuvieron que rodar el evento para una semana después. ¿Qué fecha se llevó a cabo mi graduación?

I studied Sociology at the "Universidad Central de Venezuela" (Central University of Venezuela), the day of my graduation was scheduled for the day of the university's patron saint, but due to logistical problems, they had to move the event to a week later. What date was my graduation held?

English Reasoning: The Central University of Venezuela's patron saint is Saint Rose of Lima (in Spanish "Santa Rosa de Lima"), celebrated on August 23. If the original graduation date was August 23, and it was postponed by one week, the new date would be August 30.

English Final Answer: August 30 (in Spanish, "30 de agosto").


Esta mañana llegaron 5 personas a mi casa en Bogotá. Mi abuela, muy observadora y supersticiosa, cree que las acciones y las palabras revelan el carácter. Según ella, algunas acciones y expresiones son dulces y otras, rudas.

El día previo:

Pablo: "¿Quieres que te baje esa caja abuelita?"
Maria: "Ese perrote está tan grande que parece un oso."
José: "¡Ay, piojosa! ¿Otra vez con el perro?"
Ana: "Amigui ¿quieres más limonada?"
Pedro: "Jajajaja, ese michito es un travieso."

Después, mi abuela escuchó los siguientes comentarios:

Carlos: "Mi abuelita tuvo que trabajar mucho, aunque Maria siempre nos dejaba su perro."
Maria:  "Sí, ese perrote siempre estuvo ahí."
Ana: "Amigui, no seas boba."
Pedro: "Qué alguien baje al michito de ahí arriba con cuidado."
Pablo: "Dale hermanito, tu puedes."

¿Quiénes fueron más dulce?

This morning, five people arrived at my house in Bogotá. My grandmother, who is very observant and superstitious, believes that actions and words reveal character. According to her, some actions and expressions are sweet, while others are rude.

The previous day:

Pablo: "Do you want me to bring down that box, little grandma ("abuelita",  affective diminutive of grandma)?”
Maria: "That big dog is so large it looks like a bear."
José: "Oh, you lice-ridden one! Are you still with the dog?"
Ana: “Bestie ("amigui" colloquial of friend), do you want more lemonade?"
Pedro: "Hahaha, that little cat ("michito" affective diminutive of cat) is mischievous."

Later, my grandmother heard the following comments:

Carlos: "My little grandma ("abuelita", affective diminutive of grandma ) had to work a lot, even though Maria always left her dog with us."
Maria: "Yes, that big dog was always there."
Ana: "Bestie ("amigui", affective way of close friend), don't be silly."
Pedro: "Someone bring the little cat ("michito" affective diminutive of cat) down from up there carefully."
Pablo: "Come on, little brother ("hermanito", affective diminutive of brother), you can do it."

Who was the sweetest?

English Reasoning:

The analysis is based on the grandmother's criteria, where actions and words are categorized as either "sweet" or "rude".

Pablo: Based on actions, he first offered help to his grandmother and later offered encouragement. Based on words, he referred to his grandmother and brother as "abuelita" and "abuelito", which are affectionate diminutives. All of them are considered sweet.

Maria: Made observational comments about a dog. These are relatively neutral, not sweet or rude.

José: Used an insult ("louse"), which is clearly "rude".

Ana: Based on actions, she first offered lemonade. Based on words, she referred to her “amigui”, which is a diminutive, affectionate term for a close friend, but later called her "silly", which is rude.

Pedro: Based on actions, he showed concern for the cat. Based on words, he referred to the little cat (“michi", a popular term for cats) using the diminutive “michito”, which is a diminutive, affectionate term for cats. All of them are considered sweet.

Carlos: Although he was not present the previous day, he referred to the grandmother as "abuelita", an affectionate diminutive expressing fondness. The comments are considered sweet.

Comparing the individuals, Pablo and Pedro consistently demonstrated "sweet" behavior through actions and words. Carlos demonstrated "sweet" behavior through words only. Ana and José were "rude". Maria was neutral.

English Final Response: Pablo, Pedro, and Carlos.


Nace verde, se blanquea mientras crece, y en la mesa se pone aveces. No es flor, no es fruta, pero su presencia levanta hasta a un caldo aguacatado. Es chiquito pero picoso, y vaya que pica ¡carajo!. Siempre está presente en cada relajo. ¿Qué es?

Born green, it turns white as it grows and is sometimes placed on the table. It’s not a flower or fruit, but its presence can elevate even a "caldo aguacatado" (something like watery broth). It’s small but spicy and stings "¡carajo!" (Expression that shows anger, surprise, admiration, or joy). It’s always present at every "relajo" (party). What is it?
In Spanish, garlic is “ajo”.

English Reasoning: This riddle describes something that starts green and turns white as it matures, is used in cooking (particularly for enhancing broths), is known for being spicy, and is commonly found at gatherings or parties. It's small in size but has a strong flavor impact. Given these characteristics, especially the color change from green to white and its use in Latin American cuisine as a spicy enhancer for soups and many dishes, this mentions some features of garlic.
Furthermore, We can find the word "ajo" (garlic) in the exclamation "carajo", and in the expression "It’s always present at every "relajo" (party)" which interpreted literally tells us that the word being talked about is present in the word "relajo", so these are implicit clues of the wordplay as well.

English Final Answer: Garlic ("ajo" in Spanish)


Explícame el siguiente chiste.
Alguien dijo, el verdadero amor espera, y le respondieron, pues qué mala suerte, mi novio es un kiwi.

Explain the following joke to me.
Someone said: True love waits (espera). And someone replied: Well, that's unlucky, my boyfriend is a kiwi.
In Spanish, “it is a pear” is said “es pera”.

English Reasoning: The joke relies on a pun in Spanish. The phrase "el verdadero amor espera" means "true love waits." The verb "espera" (waits) sounds exactly like the phrase "es pera" (is a pear). The person responding to the saying deliberately misinterprets "espera" (waits) as "es pera" (is a pear). Therefore, they understand the saying, "true love is a pear." Then, they lament that this is bad luck for them because their boyfriend isn't a pear but a different fruit (a kiwi). The humor comes from this absurd, literal misinterpretation based on the identical sound of the two different phrases ("espera" (wait) and "es pera" (is a pear)).

English Final Answer: "Espera" (waits in Spanish) sounds as "es pera" (is a pear).


Por favor explícame este juego de palabras:
El vecino estaba riendo, pero dejó un pedazo sucio.

La frase “estaba riendo” suena como “está barriendo”.

Please explain this pun to me:
The neighbor was laughing (“estaba riendo”), but he left a dirty piece behind.
In Spanish, “is sweeping” is said “está barriendo”.

English reasoning: The pun plays on the phonetic similarity between the Spanish words ‘riendo’ (laughing) and ‘barriendo’ (sweeping). The second part of the sentence, ‘dejó un pedazo sucio’ (he left a dirty piece/spot), makes logical sense if someone was sweeping (‘barriendo’) and missed a spot. However, the sentence uses ‘riendo’ (laughing). The humor arises from hearing ‘riendo’, but understanding the context implies ‘barriendo’ because of the phrase ‘left a dirty piece’.
The funny thing comes from this auditory confusion.

English Final Answer: “Was laughing” (“estaba riendo”) sounds like “is sweeping” (“está barriendo”).


Adivina este acertijo: Es dura y también espesa. En el entreno, nunca se presta. Si no sabes qué es, vuelve y regresa.

Guess this riddle: It is hard and also thick ("espesa"). During training, it is never lent. If you don't know what it is, come back and return.
The exercise weight, in Spanish, it is called “pesa”.

English Reasoning: The riddle describes something hard and dense ("espesa" can mean thick/dense). In training contexts, it is "never lent," implying that when people do exercise, people are careful about not losing this object. The phrase "vuelve y regresa" (come back and return) hints at repetition or cyclical action. "Pesa" (weight/dumbbell) fits the clues: weights are hard, dense, and not typically shared during training. But the clue here is the word "espesa," which, when broken down into two words, "es" and "pesa," has the word "pesa" at the end. Also, the word "espesa" phonetically sounds the same as "es pesa" (it is weight).

English Final Answer: Weight ("pesa" in Spanish).


Ayúdame con esta adivinanza: soy de madera o de metal, si ya no lo sabes, intenta una vez más.

Help me with this riddle: I am made of wood or metal, if you don't ("Sí-ya") know anymore, try one more time.

In Spanish (if you don't) "Si-ya" sounds like "Si-lla / Silla" which means chair.

English Reasoning: The riddle describes an object that commonly comes in two materials: wood or metal. The second line, "if you don't know it yet, then try again," includes a wordplay, where "if you don't know it yet" ("si ya no lo sabes" in Spanish) includes a pun as "si ya" is phonetically similar to "silla" in Spanish (chair). The answer to the riddle is within the riddle itself as part of the pun, not to mention that chairs are usually made of wood or metal.

Final Answer: La silla (The chair).


Descifra esta adivinanza: Mi amiga nos invitó a comer, estábamos Yo, Tati y la Nessa. Tati se sentó sola en la mesa y al lado de mí la Nessa. ¿Qué comida nos preparó?

Decipher this riddle: My friend invited us to eat, there was me, Tati and Nessa. Tati sat alone at the table, "and next to me, The Nessa" (al lado de Mi-La-Nessa). What food did she prepare for us?

In Spanish, these words (al lado de Mi-La-Nessa) can form the word Milanesa (Milanese)

English Reasoning: The riddle is a play on words based on the Spanish sounds. The key phrase is "al lado de mí la Nessa" (next to me was Nessa). The syllables "mí la Nessa" sound very similar to the Spanish word "Milanesa", which is a popular dish (breaded meat cutlet).

English Final Answer: Milanese (In spanish mean, Milanesa)


Si yo viera la ventana, sabría qué tiempo hace. Pero a ti no te hace falta, porque ya te lo he dicho. ¿Qué tiempo hace?

If I could see the window, I would know what the weather is like. But you don't need to because I've already told you. What's the weather like?

In Spanish “yo viera” (I could see) sounds the same as “lloviera” (it rained).

English Reasoning: In Spanish, the words “yo viera” (I could see) sound the same as when you read the word “lloviera” (it rained), so when the sentence says “yo viera”, it is providing the response to the final question “¿Qué tiempo hace?” (What's the weather like?), but it is camouflaged in such a way that it can only be understood because the pronunciation is the same in both cases.

English Final Answer: It rained (In Spanish Mean, lloviera).


Mi hermano nació la mañana del 16 de junio de 2005 en Perú y ese año celebramos un Día del Padre muy especial en casa. Me puedes decir, ¿cuántas veces ha coincidido su cumpleaños con el Día del Padre?

My brother was born on the morning of June 16, 2005, in Peru, and that year we celebrated a very special Father's Day at home. Can you tell me how many times his birthday has coincided with Father's Day?

Reasoning in English: In Peru, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June. To determine how many times my brother's birthday, which is on June 16th, has coincided with this date, we need to check in which years, between 2005 and 2024, June 16th fell on the third Sunday of the month.

After a chronological review, we found three exact matches:

-2013
-2019
-2024

Therefore, my brother's birthday has coincided with Father's Day three times.

Final Answer: 3.


Jugando Parqués con mi familia, sucedió el siguiente escenario:

Las cuatros fichas (roja, azul, verde y amarilla) se encontraban en las siguientes posiciones: La ficha roja estaba a 9 casillas del centro de su casa, la ficha azul se encontraba en una casilla segura a 10 casillas de ingresar al camino final, la ficha verde estaba a 6 casillas detrás de la ficha amarilla que estaba a 4 casillas de entrar a su camino final.

Respetando todas las reglas del juego ¿Cuántas combinaciones posibles de dos lanzamientos exclusivamente le permitirían comer a la ficha amarilla en su primer turno y, en el segundo turno, moverse a más de 9 casillas avanzando sin obstáculos?

While playing Parqués (board game) with my family, the following scenario occurred:

The four pieces (red, blue, green, and yellow) were in the following positions: The red piece was 9 spaces from the center of its home, the blue piece was on a safe square 10 spaces from entering the final path, the green piece was 6 spaces behind the yellow piece, which was 4 spaces from entering its final path.

Following all the game rules, how many possible combinations of two rolls only would allow the yellow piece to capture on its first turn and, on the second turn, move more than 9 spaces forward without obstacles?

English Reasoning:
To make two moves, one condition must be met: rolling a pair of equal numbers. Therefore, the only possible option for the first turn is (3,3).
For the second turn, it must total more than 9, but certain restrictions from both the user and the game must be considered. First, it mentions only two turns, so (5,5) and (6,6) are excluded because they allow a third turn. Second, (5,6) triggers a reverse move as a penalty, so it also does not count. As a result, the only valid option is (4,6) to total more than 9.
The only possible option is (3,3) for the first turn and (4,6) for the second turn.

English Final Answer: One


Tengo un trabajo online bastante peculiar donde no trabajo los días feriados en el país donde me encuentre e igualmente me pagan. Necesito que me ayudes a coordinar 3 viajes en 3 paises para el mes de marzo del presente año 2025, para coincidir la mayor cantidad de feriados en los países de Argentina, Mexico y Colombia.
¿Cuántos días feriados en total voy a poder conseguir?

I have a quite peculiar online job where I don't work on holidays in the country where I'm located, and I still get paid. I need your help to coordinate 3 trips to 3 countries in March 2025, to coincide with the largest number of holidays in Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia. How many holidays in total will I be able to get?

First, the holidays in March 2025 are identified for each country:

Argentina:
Monday, March 3, 2025: Carnival
Tuesday, March 4, 2025: Carnival
Monday, March 24, 2025: Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice

Colombia:
Monday, March 24, 2025: Saint Joseph's Day (moved to the previous Monday, March 19)

Mexico:
Monday, March 17, 2025: Benito Juárez's Birthday (moved to the next Monday, March 21)

Second, if the restriction requires 3 trips in 3 countries, then only one visit is allowed per country.

Third, the destinations are selected based on the best options. First, the best option is the two consecutive public holidays in Argentina (March 3 and 4). Then, the traveler goes to Colombia for the March 19 holiday and finishes in Mexico with the March 21 holiday.

Last, the final holiday on March 24 in Argentina is excluded, since the restriction only allows 3 trips.

In conclusion, the number of paid holidays that could align in March with 3 trips in the countries of Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia is 4.

English Final Answer: 4


Soy fotógrafo profesional y me dedico a capturar las mejores imágenes de carnavales y ferias populares.

Actualmente es 7 de Mayo del 2025. Estoy coordinando un solo viaje profesional a Colombia, en el cual quiero estar presente en su totalidad en los próximos eventos: Feria de Cali, Carnaval de Blancos y Negros y Carnaval de Barranquilla.

Indicame cuantos días voy a necesitar estar presente en Colombia, si tengo que llegar un día antes del primero de los tres y dos días después del último. Asegurarse que la fecha de inicio y fin del viaje no sean ni fines de semana, ni día feriado.

I am a professional photographer, and I capture the best images of carnivals and popular fairs.

Today is May 7, 2025. I am planning a single professional trip to Colombia, in which I want to be present for the entirety of the following events: Feria de Cali (Cali Fair), Carnaval de Blancos y Negros (Blacks and Whites Carnival), and Carnaval de Barranquilla (Barranquilla Carnival).

Indicate how many days I will need to be in Colombia if I must arrive one day before the first event and stay two days after the last event. Ensure that the start and end dates of the trip are neither weekends nor holidays.

The photographer is planning to cover events for the 2025-2026 season, starting with the Feria de Cali (Cali Fair) from December 25 to 30, 2025, followed by the Carnaval de Blancos y Negros (Blacks and Whites Carnival) from January 2 to 7, 2026, and concluding with the Carnaval de Barranquilla (Barranquilla Carnival) from February 14 to 17, 2026. They plan to arrive one day before the first event, on December 24, 2025, and stay until two days after the last event, leaving on February 19, 2026. This results in a stay of 58 days in total.

Neither the first day nor the last day are holidays, nor do they coincide with a weekend. In Colombia, December 24 is a working day, although there are certain exceptions, but they are not related to the user's request.

English Final Answer: 58 days


Mi hijo nació en el 2018 en la capital del estado Táchira, Venezuela. Su nacimiento concordó con la celebración del santo patrono de esa localidad. Si hoy es 7 de mayo de 2025, ¿cuánto falta para el próximo cumpleaños de mi hijo?

My son was born is 2018 in the capital of Táchira State, Venezuela. His birth coincided with the celebration of the patron saint of that locality. If today is May 7, 2025, how long until my son's next birthday?

English Reasoning:
1. Identify the birthday:
-The capital of the state of Táchira is San Cristóbal.
-The patron saint of San Cristobal is San Sebastian, whose feast day is celebrated on January 20.
-Therefore, your child's birthday is January 20.

2. Determine the next birthday:
-Today is May 7, 2025.
-The child's birthday in 2025 (January 20, 2025) has already passed.
-So, his next birthday will be January 20, 2026.

3. Calculate the remaining time:
-Full months to the month before the birthday: From May 7, 2025, to January 7, 2026, there are 8 full months (June, July, August, September, October, November, December, and the move to January 2026).

Remaining days:
-We are at January 7, 2026 (conceptually, after counting the 8 months).
-To reach January 20, 2026, there are: 20–7 = 13 days remaining.

So, the child's next birthday (January 20, 2026) there are 8 months and 13 days left.


La vuelta al sol de mi sobrino es el día que llego la nueva constitución a Colombia. A partir de los 10 años, la celebración de su cumpleaños lo aplazamos para el sábado siguiente, a excepción del año 29 de la constitución. Desde entonces, hasta hoy 2 de mayo de 2025 ¿Cuántos de sus cumpleaños se han celebrado la misma fecha que nació?

My nephew’s birthday ("vuelta al sol") falls on the day the new constitution was established in Colombia. Since he was 10 years old, we have celebrated all his birthdays on Saturday, next to his date of birth, except on the 29th anniversary of the constitution. From then until May 2, 2025 (today), how many of his birthdays have been celebrated on the same date he was born?

In Spanish from Colombia, "vuelta al sol" is an expression that means birthday.

English Reasoning:

The nephew was born on the day the new constitution was established in Colombia (July 4, 1991).

Since he was 10 years old (2001), his birthdays have been celebrated on the Saturday following his date of birth when his birthday does not fall on a Saturday. Considering the leap years from 2001 to 2025 (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024), July 4th has fallen on Saturday 3 times (2009, 2015, 2020).

However, the year when the constitution turned 29 (2020) should be excluded, possibly due to the obligatory isolation of the pandemic. Considering this, the birthday has been celebrated on Saturdays coinciding with July 4th two (2) times: 2009 and 2015.

English Final Answer: 2


En la 6.ª edición del Festival Tecate Pa'll Norte, Tuve a mi primer hijo el 4 de abril. En la 11a edición, nació mi hija el 25 de abril. ¿Qué edades tienes mis hijos si estamos en mayo de 2025?

I had my first son on April 4th, during the 6th edition of the Tecate Pa'l Norte Festival year. My daughter was born on April 25th during the 11th edition of the same Festival's year. How old are my children if we are in May 2025?

English Reasoning: The Tecate Pa'll Norte Festival began in 2012. The 6th edition occurred in 2017 (2012 + 5 years), and the 11th edition occurred in 2023. It is important to mention that in 2020 the Festival was cancelled due to Covid. As of May 2025, the first child is 8 years old (2025–2017), and the daughter is 2 years old (2025–2023), both having celebrated their birthdays in April.

English Final Answer: Son is 8, and daughter is 2 (In Spanish, hijo: 8, hija: 2).


Se viene el concurso de "Nombre Gatuno del Año" para encontrar al michi de la Argentina con el nombre más original. Queremos saber cómo le decís a tu michi, ya sea nombre de persona, un delirio felino, el nombre de un famoso o apodo que representa a tu compañero.

Algunos de los concursantes de años pasados fueron: La Coco, El Pelusa, La Sol, Malvavisco, Pendeja, La Mona, La Chori, Picante, Cucho, Zumo, Pelufo, Gol, Milan, Ariel.

El ganador del concurso fue Malvavisco, por qué es malvado y visco.

¿Cuántos nombres de gatos hay de cada género? Femenino, masculino y neutro.

Prompt Translation To English:

The "Feline Name of the Year" contest is coming up to find the cat in Argentina with the most original name. We want to know what you call your kitty, whether it's a person's name, a feline delirium, a celebrity's name, or a nickname that represents your companion.

Some of the contestants from past years were: La Coco, El Pelusa, La Sol, Malvavisco, Pendeja, La Mona, La Chori, Picante, Cucho, Zumo, Pelufo, Gol, Milan, Ariel.
The winner of the contest was Malvavisco (marshmallow), because he is mischievous (malvado) and cross-eyed (visco "bizco").

How many cat names are there of each gender? Female, male, and neutral.

In Spanish, "malvavisco" it said "marshmallow" to refer to (Malva "mischievous" and visco "cross-eyed").

English Reasoning:

The analysis of each cat's name is necessary to determine its gender based on Spanish language indicators. Names with "La" (feminine article) or ending in "a" are typically feminine. Names with "El" (masculine article) or ending in "o" are generally masculine. Names ending in "e" or "i" without a clear article are generally treated as neuter, and some of them are special cases considered neutral, like Milan and Ariel, due to cultural reasons.

Feminine (La Coco, La Sol, Pendeja, La Mona, La Chori) = 5
Masculine (El Pelusa, Malvavisco, Cucho, Zumo, Pelufo, Gol) = 6
Neutral (Picante, Milan, Ariel) = 3

English Final Answer: Feminine: 5, Masculine: 6, Neutral: 3


Hay tres personas en frente de mí, pero todas están a distintas distancias. Una está aquí, la otra está ahí y la última está allí. Cada una tiene una relación y trato distinto conmigo.

Están mi mamá, mi jefa y mi amiga.

Pista:

* A la que está aquí, le digo "Ya le traigo lo que necesita, jefecita"
* A la que está ahí, le digo "Si, señora, yo me encargo de todo"
* A la que está allí, le digo "¿Qué onda vieja, cómo estás?"

¿Quién está en cada lugar?

Mi mamá está aquí, mi jefa está ahí y mi amiga está allí.

Prompt Translation to English: There are three people in front of me, but they are all at different distances. One is here, another is there, and the last one is over there. Each one has a different relationship and way of interacting with me.

They are my mom, my boss, and my friend.

Hint:

To the one who is here (aquí, closest to the speaker), I say, "I'll bring you what you need right away, little boss. (Jefecita, which is a slang term for mother in Mexico)"

To the one who is there (ahí, medium distance), I say, "Yes, ma'am, I'll take care of everything."

To the one who is over there (allí, farther away), I say, "What's up, old gal, how are you?"

Who is in each place?

English Reasoning:
The term “jefecita” is an affectionate diminutive of “jefa,” commonly used to refer to one’s mother in Mexico and some countries in Latin America. “Señora” is a formal address ideally suited for a boss. “Vieja” is casual slang used among friends. Therefore, the person I call “jefecita” must be my mom (the one here), the one I address as “señora” is my boss (the one there), and the one I greet as “vieja” is my friend (the one over there).
English Final Answer:
Here: my mom
There: my boss
Over there: my friend


Mi tío Wilder estaba de visita en Lima y fue al mercado de Surquillo con un cheque para comprar algunas cosas que faltaban para el almuerzo.

Los vendedores les dieron los precios así:

-3 Kg de papa amarilla a 2 lucas por kilo.
-2 Kg de cebolla arequipeña a luca y china por kilo.
-2 Kg de bonito a S/.7.00 por kilo.
-Un atado de verduras a china.
-Un jugo surtido a S/.3.80.
-2 Kg de arroz Faraón a 5 lucas por kilo.
Y su yapa dos mandarinas.

¿Con cuánto dinero regresó a casa si luego de las compras me vio en el camino y me dio S/. 12.80 de propina?

My uncle Wilder is visiting Lima, went shopping at the local market with a “cheque” (a Peruvian slang term for S/.100.00 soles, PEN-Peruvian currency). The vendors gave him the prices as follows:

-3 kg of yellow potatoes at 2 “lucas” per kilo (1 luca = 1 PEN)
-2 kg of “arequipeña” onions at 1 “luca china” per kilo (1 luca china = 1.50 PEN)
-2 kg of fish at S/7.00 per kilo (7 PEN)
-A bundle of vegetables for 1 “china” (1 china = 0.50 PEN)
-A mixed juice for S/3.80 (3.80 PEN)
-2 kg of Faraón-brand rice at 5 “lucas” per kilo (5 PEN per kilo)

He also received 2 tangerines for free as a yapa (a traditional market bonus or extra gift).

How much money did you return home with if, after shopping, you saw me on the way and gave me a tip of S/. 12.80?

English Reasoning: To find out how much money Uncle Wilder had left after his shopping trip, it is necessary to understand some local terms used in Peru:

In Peru, the slang term “cheque” (pronounced like "cashier's check") refers to a 100-sol bill (S/.100.00), which is the local currency (PEN – Peruvian Sol). A “luca” is slang for 1 sol, and a “china” is slang for 0.50 soles (fifty cents). A “yapa” is a small free bonus, like fruit or an extra item, that vendors often give to customers as a friendly gesture—it’s free and not included in the price.

Peru's currency is the sol (S/), and its international code is PEN.

Now, let’s break down what Uncle Wilder spent:

3 kg of yellow potatoes at 2 lucas (2 PEN) per kilo → 3 × 2 = 6 PEN
2 kg of “arequipeña” onions at 1 “luca china” (1.50 PEN) per kilo → 2 × 1.50 = 3 PEN
2 kg of fish at S/.7 soles (PEN) per kilo → 2 × 7 = 14 PEN
A bundle of vegetables for 1 "china" → 0.50 PEN
A mixed juice → 3.80 PEN
2 kg of Faraón rice at 5 lucas (5 PEN) per kilo → 2 × 5 = 10 PEN

He also received 2 tangerines as a yapa, a free extra, so that doesn’t count toward the cost.

Total spent on groceries:

S/.6 + S/.3 + S/.14 + S/.0.50 + S/.3.80 + S/.10 = S/.37.30 PEN

After shopping, he saw me on the way home and gave me S/.12.80 PEN as a tip.

Total spent (groceries + tip):
S/.37.30 + S/.12.80 = S/.50.10 PEN

He started with a “cheque” (S/.100.00), so after spending S/.50.10, he had S/.49.90 left.

English Final Answer: 49.90 PEN (In Spanish: S/.49.90)


Mi compa y yo somos buenos amigos, pero como todo buen argentino somos pibes muy competitivos. Esta vez decidimos ver quién de los dos puede ahorrar más durante todo el 2025, iniciando desde enero.
Él es muy desordenado, por lo tanto, solo ahorra cuando le sobra algo a fin de mes. En cambio, yo decidí armar una estrategia que sé que me dará la victoria y lo hará morder el polvo. He decidido ahorrar sistemáticamente 35 lucas cada vez que en el calendario caiga un feriado inamovible, pero para asegurarme de ganar, al finalizar la primera mitad del año usaré parte de mi aguinaldo para hacer un ahorro extra equivalente al 20% de lo que lleve ahorrado hasta ese momento, y luego continuaré con mi esquema habitual.
Quiero hacer una proyección para saber si al final del año tendré una buena cantidad de dinero. Si sigo este esquema sin faltas ¿Cuántos pesos tendré al finalizar el año?

My buddy and I are good friends, but like all good Argentinians, we are very competitive guys ("pibes"). This time we decided to see which of us can save more throughout 2025, starting in January.
He is very disorganized, so he only saves if he has something left over at the end of the month. On the other hand, I decided to create a strategy that I know will give me victory and make him bite the dust. I've decided to systematically save 35 "lucas" (35,000 pesos) every time a non-movable public holiday occurs on the calendar. But to ensure I win, at the end of the first half of the year, I will use part of my mid-year bonus ("aguinaldo") to make an extra saving equivalent to 20% of what I have saved up to that moment, and then I will continue with my usual scheme.
I want to make a projection to know if by the end of the year I will have a good amount of money. If I follow this scheme without fail, how many pesos will I have at the end of the year?

English Reasoning: To calculate the total savings by the end of 2025, we need to follow these steps:

1) Identify the number of non-movable holidays in Argentina by 2025: The calendar decreed by the Argentine national government establishes a total of 12 non-movable holidays in 2025.

2) Identify the number of non-movable holidays that correspond to the first half of the year. These are January 1st; March 3rd, 4th and 24th; April 2nd and 18th; May 1st and 25th; June 20th. There are 9 holidays en total.

3) Identify the number of non-movable holidays that correspond to the second half of the year. These are July 9th; December 8th and 25th. There are 3 holidays in total.

In Argentina, the expression "lucas" is used to refer to money, specifically to amounts in the tens of thousands. Keeping this in mind:

• First half savings (January-June): 9 holidays x 35 lucas = 315 lucas.
• Mid-year bonus ("aguinaldo"): 315 x 20% = 63 lucas.
• Total after mid-year: 315 + 63 = 378 lucas.
• Second half savings (July-December): 3 holidays x 35 lucas = 105 lucas.
Total savings by year-end: 378 + 105 = 483 lucas.

To know how much this is in pesos, we must do the conversion.
1 luca = 1,000 pesos.
483 x 1,000 = 483,000 pesos.

English Final Answer: 483,000 pesos.


Mi amigo español, me contó que su abuelo, que vivía en Castilla, hacía vino artesanal. La producción por 15 días era de 3 cántaras y vendía cada cántara en 300 rubias. ¿Cuántas pesetas obtenía al mes por litro?

My Spanish friend told me that his grandfather, who lived in Castile, made artisanal wine. The production for 15 days was 3 "cántaras" (traditional Spanish measure), and he sold each "cántara" (traditional Spanish measure) for 300 "rubias" (old Spanish currency). How many "pesetas" (old Spanish currency) did he obtain per month per liter?

English Reasoning: To determine the number of "pesetas" obtained per month per liter, we need to follow these steps:

1. Understand the units and make necessary assumptions:
• "Rubias" was a colloquial term for "pesetas" in Spain. Therefore, 300 rubias = 300 pesetas.

• A "cántara" is an old Spanish unit of liquid volume. Its value varied by region, and a common value for wine in Castile (Castilla) was approximately 16.13 liters. We will use this assumption: 1 cántara = 16.13 liters.

2. We want to know how many "pesetas" are obtained per liter per month.

Production and price:
• 3 cántaras are produced in 15 days, so in 30 days (1 month) 6 pitchers are produced.

• Each pitcher sells for 300 pesetas, so in one month you get 6 x 300 = 1800 pesetas.

Volume conversion:
• 1 cántara equals 16.13 liters, then in one month 6 x 16.13 = 96.78 liters are produced.

Final calculation:
We divide the total pesetas by the total liters:
1800 ÷ 96.78 = 18.60 pesetas per liter.

English Final Answer= 18.60 pesetas


Mi abuelo siempre cuenta como fue que se compró su primera casa en Venezuela. Cuando era joven, jugó dominó venezolano en pareja y apostaron que los que perdieran tenían que agregarle un 0 a sus puntos y esa cantidad la duplicaban y era lo que le debían pagar en lochas a la pareja ganadora. Fue una sola mano y afortunadamente mi abuelo ganó, los perdedores terminaron con las siguientes fichas:
Perdedor 1: la cochina y el cinco cuatro.
Perdedor 2: mulas de cero y doble cuatro.

¿Cuántos bolívares le tuvieron que pagar a mi abuelo y a su compañero?

My grandfather always tells the story of how he bought his first house in Venezuela. When he was young, he played Venezuelan dominoes in pairs, and they bet that the losers would have to add a 0 to their points, duplicate that amount, and that would be what they owed the winning pair in "lochas" (traditional Venezuelan currency). It was a single hand, and fortunately, my grandfather won. The losers ended up with the following tiles:

Loser 1: the "cochina" (double six) and the five-four.
Loser 2: "mulas de cero" (double blank) and a double four.

How many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) did they have to pay my grandfather and his partner?

English Reasoning: First, we need to calculate the points each losing player had based on their domino tiles:

Loser 1's tiles:
• "La cochina" is the double-six tile (6-6). The sum of its pips is 6+6 = 12 points.

• "El cinco cuatro" is the five-four tile (5-4). The sum of its pips is 5+4 = 9 points.

• Total points for Loser 1 = 12+9 = 21 points.

Loser 2's tiles:

• "Mulas de cero" (double blank) is the double-zero tile (0-0). The sum of its pips is 0+0 = 0 points.

•"Doble cuatro" is the double-four tile (4-4). The sum of its pips is 4+4 = 8 points.

• Total points for Loser 2 = 0+8 = 8 points.

Next, we apply the betting conditions to each loser's score to find out how many "lochas" (traditional Venezuelan currency) they owed. The rule is to "add a 0
 to their points" (which means multiplying by 10) and then "duplicate that amount" (multiply by 2).
For Loser 1 (21 points):
• Add a 0 to the points: 21 becomes 210.
• Duplicate this amount: 210 x 2 = 420 lochas.

For Loser 2 (8 points):
• Add a 0 to the points: 8 becomes 80.
• Duplicate this amount: 80 x 2 =160 lochas.

The total amount paid in "lochas" to the grandfather and his partner is the sum of what each loser owed:

• Total lochas = 420 (from Loser 1) + 160 (from Loser 2) = 580 lochas.

Finally, we need to convert this amount from "lochas" to "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency). A "locha" was a Venezuelan coin equivalent to 0.125 bolívares (one-eighth of a bolivar).

Therefore, 1 bolívar = 8 lochas.
• Total bolívares = Total lochas/8
• Total bolívares = 580/8 = 72.5 bolívares.

English Final Answer: Bs 72.5 (in Spanish, "72.5 bolívares")


Hace muchos años mi hermano me dijo que me daría 1 "talego" por cada verbo en infinitivo que le dijera en una única frase y si superaba los 3 verbos en infinitivo, multiplicaría la cantidad resultante por el número total de verbos que haya en la frase. A mí se me ocurrió decirle "voy a visitar a mi abuelo en la clínica, pero como hoy quiero ser de los primeros en visitarlo, mejor me voy a ir yendo ya". ¿Cuántas pesetas me dio mi hermano?

Many years ago, my brother told me he would give me 1 "talego" (a "talego" was a colloquial term for 1000 pesetas) for each infinitive verb I told him in a single sentence, and if I exceeded 3 infinitive verbs, he would multiply the resulting amount by the total number of verbs in the sentence. I came up with saying, "voy a visitar a mi abuelo en la clínica, pero como hoy quiero ser de los primeros en visitarlo, mejor me voy a ir yendo ya" (I'm going to visit my grandfather at the clinic, but since I want to be one of the first to visit him today, I'd better get going now). How many pesetas did my brother give me?

English Reasoning: To determine the amount in pesetas, we need to follow these steps:
1. Identify all infinitive verbs in the given Spanish sentence: "voy a visitar a mi abuelo en la clínica, pero como quiero ser de los primeros en visitarlo, mejor me voy a ir yendo ya".
    The infinitive verbs are: visitar, ser, visitar (from "visitarlo"), ir.
    There are 4 infinitive verbs.
2. Identify the total number of verbs (conjugated, infinitive, or gerund) in the sentence:
    Voy (conjugated).
    Visitar (infinitive).
    Quiero (conjugated).
    Ser (infinitive).
    Visitar (infinitive).
    Voy (conjugated).
    Ir (infinitive).
    Yendo (gerund).
    There are a total of 8 verbs in the sentence.
3. Apply the payment rules:
    The brother gives 1 "talego" for each infinitive verb. With 4 infinitive verbs, this is 4×1=4 "talegos".
    The condition "if I exceeded 3 infinitive verbs"is met, as 4 is greater than 3.
    Therefore, the resulting amount (4 "talegos") is multiplied by the total.
    Total "talegos"= 4×8=32 "talegos".
4. Convert "talegos"to pesetas:
    1 "talego" was a colloquial term for 1000 pesetas.
    Total pesetas = 32 "talegos"×1000 pesetas= 32000 pesetas.

English Final Answer: 32000 pesetas


Mi bisabuelo me contó que durante su juventud él vendía vino. Mi bisabuelo vivió toda su vida en León y me dijo que antes medían las cosas de una manera diferente. Cuando le pregunté que cómo le había ido en su negocio de venta de vino, me dijo que de lunes a viernes él vendía dos arrobas y media por las mañanas y 4 arrobas por las tardes. Los fines de semana le iba aún mejor, ya que vendía 4 arrobas y media por las mañanas y 8 arrobas por la tarde.
Me sorprendió la cantidad de vinos que solía vender, así que me interesé en hacer las cuentas para saber cuánta era su venta diaria, pero como no entiendo esas medidas que me dio se me complicó.
Dime ¿Cuántos litros de vino vendía en promedio por día durante toda la semana?

My great-grandfather told me that during his youth he used to sell wine. My great-grandfather lived his entire life in León and told me that they used to measure things differently back then. When I asked him how his wine business went, he told me that from Monday to Friday he sold two and a half "arrobas" (unit of measurement) in the mornings and 4 "arrobas" (unit of measurement) in the afternoons. On weekends it went even better, as he sold 4 and a half "arrobas" (unit of measurement) in the mornings and 8 "arrobas" (unit of measurement) in the afternoons.
I was surprised by the amount of wine he used to sell, so I was interested in calculating his daily sales, but since I don't understand those measurements he gave me, it became complicated.
Tell me, how many liters of wine did he sell on average per day throughout the week?

English Reasoning: To solve this problem, we first need to understand the unit of measurement "arroba" and its equivalent in liters. An "arroba" is an old Spanish unit of measurement. In the context of liquid volume, particularly for wine in León, Spain, "media arroba" (half an arroba) is equivalent to 7.92 liters, therefore, one arroba is 15.84 liters. we need to calculate the total amount of wine sold during the week and then find the daily average.

1. Calculate weekly sales.
From Monday to Friday:
Morning sales: 2.5 arrobas x 5 days = 12.5 arrobas
Afternoon sales: 4 arrobas x 5 days = 20 arrobas

On weekends:
Morning sales: 4.5 arrobas x 2 days = 9 arrobas
Afternoon sales: 8 arrobas x 2 days = 16 arrobas

Total weekly sales in arrobas: 12.5 + 20 + 9 + 16 = 57.5 arrobas

2. Convert total arrobas to liters:
One arroba = 15.84 liters
Total liters: 57.5 x 15.84 = 910.8 liters

3. Calculate the daily average by dividing the total liters by 7:
Daily average: 910.8 liters / 7 days = 130.11 liters per day

English Final Answer: 130,11 liters.


Mi abuelo es un ejidatario en el pueblo y me encontré sus escrituras del terreno que le heredo su tatarabuelo muchos años atrás. En el documento se especifican cada una de las particiones y sus dimensiones, pero las medidas que se usan vienen del antiguo sistema español y mezcla unidades de diversas provincias. ¿Puedes decirme cuantas hectáreas tiene el ejido?
Esta es la información que se especifica:
1. El área de la granja tiene una superficie de 300 vesanas de tierra de Girona.
2. El área designada para asentamiento y vivienda tiene una superficie de 4200 estadales cuadrados de Málaga.
3. El pastoreo se hace en el área de 120 días de bueyes de Oviedo.
4. El área privada del patrón es de 70 tahúllas de Murcia.
5. Las tierras no parceladas tienen un área de 45 marcos de Madrid.

My grandfather is an ejidatario (communal landholder) in the village, and I found his land deeds that were inherited from his great-great-grandfather many years ago. The document specifies each of the partitions and their dimensions, but the measurements used come from the old Spanish system and mix units from various provinces. Can you tell me how many hectares the ejido (common land) has?
This is the information specified:

1. The farm area has a surface of 300 vesanas of land from Girona.
2. The area designated for settlement and housing has a surface of 4200 square estadales from Málaga.
3. Grazing is done in an area of 120 días de bueyes (oxen days) from Oviedo.
4. The patron's private area is 70 tahúllas from Murcia.
5. The unparceled lands have an area of 45 Marcos from Madrid.

English Reasoning: We need to convert all these old Spanish units to hectares and then add them up. Let's convert each measurement:

Vesana (Girona): 1 vesana = 0.2187 hectares
300 vesanas = 300 × 0.2187 = 65.61 hectares

Estadal cuadrado (Málaga): 1 estadal cuadrado = 0.001118 hectares
4200 estadales cuadrados = 4200 × 0.001118 = 4.6956 hectares

Día de bueyes (Oviedo): 1 día de bueyes = 0.125772 hectares
120 días de bueyes = 120 × 0.125772 = 15.09264 hectares

Tahúlla (Murcia): 1 tahúlla = 0.1118 hectares
70 tahúllas = 70 × 0.1118 = 7.826 hectares

Marco (Madrid): 1 marco = 0.342381 hectares
45 marcos = 45 × 0.342381 = 15.407145 hectares

Total area = 65.61 + 4.6956 + 15.09264 + 7.826 + 15.407145 = 108.631385 hectares

English Final Answer: 108.63 ha.


En la casa de mi abuela en Colombia encontramos una guaca con tres bolsitas de plata que perdió hace muchos años y nunca encontró. En una bolsa encontramos 30 lucas, en la otra 100 barras y en la última 2 palos. Si mi prima me la aplicó y me tumbó un cuarto y mi hermano se quiere encaletar la mitad del cambio. ¿Cuánta plata en pesos colombianos me queda?

In my grandmother's house in Colombia, we found a hidden treasure ("guaca") with three small bags of money she had lost many years ago and never found. In one bag, we found 30 "lucas" (thousand pesos), in another 100 "barras" (thousand pesos), and in the last one 2 "palos" (million pesos). If my cousin tricked me and took a quarter, and my brother wants to hide half of the remainder. How much Colombian money do I have left?

English Reasoning: To find the answer to this prompt, it is necessary to understand some colloquial concepts related to money in Colombia: “luca,” “barras,” and “palos.” In the daily context in Colombia, “luca” is used to refer to the thousand-peso bill (“luca”: 1,000 Colombian pesos COP). “Barras“ is a colloquial way of referring to money, specifically to the sum of 1000 Colombian pesos (”barras": 1,000 Colombian pesos COP). “Palo“ refers to an amount of money equivalent to one million Colombian pesos (”palo": 1,000,000 Colombian pesos COP). COP is the Colombian currency. In this way, they find a hidden treasure (“guaca”) with money (“plata,” a colloquial way of referring to money in Colombia). Where they find it:

• A bag with 30 “lucas,” which is equivalent to 30,000 COP (thirty thousand Colombian pesos).

• A bag with 100 “barras,” which is equivalent to 100,000 COP (one hundred thousand Colombian pesos).

• A bag with 2 “palos,” which is equivalent to 2,000,000 COP (two million Colombian pesos).

In total, they find 2,130,000 pesos.

Of which, the female cousin takes a quarter of the total. Here is a colloquial expression: "If my cousin tricked me and took a quarter" ("si mi prima me la aplicó y me tumbó”) means that the cousin took advantage of the occasion for her own benefit or interest. So,

2,130,000 × ¼ = 532,500 pesos

Leaving a remainder (“cambio” refers to the money left over after a payment is made) of 2,130,000 - 532,500 = 1,597,500 pesos

Of this money, the brother wants to withhold half (“encaletarse,” means to hide something or someone), then 1,597,500 × ½ = 798,750 pesos.

What the person has left is 1,597,500 - 798,750 = 798,750 Colombian pesos.

English Final Answer: 798,750 Colombian pesos.


Mi papá, cuando era un niño, ayudaba a mi abuelo a sembrar y vender plátanos en Venezuela. Me contó que una vez nació un racimo de 30 plátanos, y a él le tocó venderlos. Cada plátano lo vendió en 1 cobre, y cuando regresó, mi abuelo le dijo que se podía quedar con el 25 % de la venta. ¿Cuántos bolívares se ganó mi padre?

My dad, when he was a child, helped my grandfather plant and sell plantains in Venezuela. He told me that once a bunch of 30 plantains was born, and he had to sell them; each plantain was sold for 1 "cobre" (old Venezuelan currency), and when he returned, my grandfather told him he could keep 25% of the sale. How many "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) did my father earn?

English Reasoning:
"Cobre" is an old traditional currency that was used in Venezuela, and its value in "bolívares" (Venezuelan currency) was:
1 cobre = Bs. 0.0625

Let's solve this problem step by step:

• Quantity of plantains sold: 30
• Selling price per plantain: 1 cobre per plantain
• Total in cobres: 30 x 1 = 30 cobres

• Coversion of cobres to bolivares:
30 x 0.0625 = Bs. 1.875

• Percentage that your father keeps (25%):
25% of Bs. 1.875 = 1.875 x 0.25 = Bs. 0.47

• Result:
Your dad earned Bs. 0.47 for selling the plantains.

English Final Answer: Bs. 0.47 (in Spanish, "0.47 bolívares")


En el mercado de Huamanga, se organizan ferias todos los domingos para que los agricultores vendan los productos de sus chacras. Una señora llegó con 10 arrobas de papa y vendió el kilo a S/ 4.50.

¿Cuál fue su ganancia si luego de vender todo tuvo que pagar S/ 210.00 al camionero , S/. 74.20 a la persona que la ayudó a vender, 15 manguitos al inspector municipal y una manito del menú?

In the market of Huamanga (a city in Peru), Sunday fairs are held so that farmers can sell the products from their fields. A woman arrived with 10 "arrobas" (a unit of weight used in Peru for agricultural products) of potatoes and sold them at 4.50 PEN per kilogram.

What was her profit if, after selling everything, she had to pay 210.00 PEN to the truck driver, 74.20 PEN to the person who helped her sell, 15 "manguitos" (a slang term for Nuevos Soles – PEN) to the municipal inspector, and  "una manito" (slang for 5 PEN) for lunch?

English Reasoning: To understand and solve this exercise, it’s important to consider some cultural and commonly used terms in Peru:

The official currency of Peru is the Nuevo Sol (PEN). However, in everyday speech, people often use colloquial terms to refer to this currency. For example, "manguitos," "lucas," or "luquitas" are all slang for 1 PEN. So, saying "15 manguitos" is the same as saying 15 PEN.

Another commonly used expression is "una manito" (literally "a little hand"), which refers to 5 PEN, symbolizing the five fingers of a hand, each finger representing 1 PEN.

Additionally, the "arroba" is a traditional unit of measurement used for agricultural products. In Peru, 1 "arroba" equals 11.5 kilograms.

With this context in mind, let's answer the question step by step:

-A woman arrived at the market with 10 "arrobas" of potatoes.
-Since each arroba weighs 11.5 kilograms
-> She brought: 10 "arrobas" × 11.5 kg = 115 kg of potatoes

She sold the potatoes at 4.50 PEN per kilogram.
So, her total sales amounted to: 115 kg × 4.50 PEN = 517.50 PEN

After selling everything, she had the following expenses:

-Payment to the truck driver: 210.00 PEN
-Payment to the person who helped her sell: 74.20 PEN
-Payment to the municipal inspector: 15.00 PEN (15 "manguitos")
-Payment for lunch: 5.00 PEN ("una manito")

Total expenses: 210.00 + 74.20 + 15.00 + 5.00 = 304.20 PEN

Finally, her net profit after deducting expenses was:
517.50 - 304.20 = 213.30 PEN

English Final Answer: 213.30 PEN (In Spanish: S/ 213.30)


Me fui a pasar el puente en Salsipuedes y mi tía me mandó a comprar unas cosas al emporio. Si compré 250 gramos de pebre por cinco gambas, 500 gramos de chumbeque por tres lucas, me dieron un completo a cambio de cinco escudos asumiendo su valor en los 60, y me quedaron de vuelto cinco gambas. ¿Cuánta guita me dio mi tía inicialmente en pesos chilenos?

I went to spend the long weekend in Salsipuedes (a city in Chile), and my aunt sent me to buy some things at the store ("emporio"). I bought 250 grams of “pebre” (a Chilean seasoning) for five “gambas” (100 Chilean pesos each), 500 grams of chumbeque "(a traditional sweet from northern Chile) for three “lucas” (1000 Chilean pesos each), and I got a hot dog ("a complete") in exchange for five "escudos" (old Chilean money), assuming its value in the 60s, and I kept five “gambas” (100 Chilean pesos each) in change. How much money (“guita”) did my aunt initially give me in Chilean pesos?

English Reasoning: To solve this prompt, it is important to understand some of the colloquial ways of calling money in Chilean culture: “guita”, “gamba,” “luca,” and “escudo.” In Chile, “Gamba” is used colloquially to refer to the 100 peso coin. “Luca” refers to 1000 Chilean pesos. “Escudo” was the legal money in Chile between 1960 and 1975, and 1 escudo was equivalent to 1000 Chilean pesos in that span of years. "Guita" is a general term for money in Chile.

To know how much the aunt initially gave the person, it is necessary to calculate how much the person spent on each purchase and the change the person has left with. The purchases were:

- 250g of "pebre" (a Chilean spicy condiment) for 5 gambas = 5 × 100 = 500 pesos.
- 500g of "chumbeque" (a typical sweet from northern Chile) for 3 lucas = 3 × 1000 = 3000 pesos.
- A hot dog (“completo,” a Chilean hot dog with French fries, tomato, mayonnaise, avocado, and sausage) for 5 escudos (from the 60s).

The escudo was Chile's currency before pesos. When Chile switched from escudos to pesos in 1975, the exchange rate was 1 escudo = 1,000 pesos. Therefore, 5 escudos are equivalent to 5,000 pesos.

So, the total spent was 500 + 3000 + 5000 = 8500 pesos.
Change received: 5 gambas = 500 pesos.

Therefore, the initial amount must have been 8500 + 500 = 9000 Chilean pesos.

English Final Answer: 9000 Chilean pesos.