[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What guidance does NIST provide for CMMC Level 3?

[Assistant]
According to Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer:

ent, or possibly with other organizations like municipal governments, prime contractors, universities, etc., you will likely be required to demonstrate you are taking adequate measures to protect CUI.
Examples of CUI include:

<!-- image -->

|                      | When provided as part of a government contract, examples include:                                                                                | Marking 1     |
|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------|
| Controlled           | e.g., research and engineering data, engineering drawings, specifications, process sheets, manuals, technical reports, technical orders, catalog-item identifications, data sets, studies and analyses and related information, and computer software executable code and source code. | CUI//SP-CTI   |
| General Proprietary  | e.g., financial information, trade secrets, product research and development, existing and future product designs and performance specifications. | CUI//PROPIN   |
| Business Information | you do not handle CUI, implementing the security requirements in SP 800-171 will                                                                                | help you take |

1  For more information on types of CUI and markings, visit the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) https://www.archives.gov/cui.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC require for Supply Chain Risk Management?

[Assistant]
According to Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations:

SP 800-53 Revision 4 has been updated to reflect the evolving technology and threat space. Example areas include issues particular to mobile and cloud computing; insider threats; applications security; supply chain risks; advanced persistent threat; and trustworthiness, assurance, and resilience of information systems. The revision also contains a new appendix of privacy controls, and related implementation guidance (Appendix J), based on the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs), a widely accepted framework of defining principles to be used in the evaluation and consideration of systems, processes, or programs that affect individual privacy.

Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What guidance does Zero Trust Architecture provide?

[Assistant]
## NIST Publicación especial 800-207

## Arquitectura de confianza cero

Scott Rose Oliver Borchert Stu Mitchell Sean Connelly

Esta publicación se encuentra disponible en inglés de forma gratuita en https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207

## S  E  G  U  R  I  D  A  D    I  N  F  O  R  M  Á  T  I  C  A

## NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technologies U. S. Department of Commerce

## NIST Publicación especial 800-207

## Arquitectura de confianza cero

Scott Rose Oliver Borchert

División de Tecnologías Avanzadas de Red Laboratorio de Tecnologías de la Información

Stu Mitchell Stu2Labs Stafford, VA

Sean Connelly

Agencia de Ciberseguridad y Seguridad de las Infraestructuras Departamento de Seguridad Nacional

Esta publicación se encuentra disponible en inglés de forma gratuita en: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207

Traducción al español Dreamlab Technologies Chile Yanina Ángela Bettati (2023)

Traducido con permiso por cortesía del Instituto Nacional de Estándares y Tecnología (NIST). No es una traducción oficial del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Todos los derechos reservados. Secretaría de Comercio de EE. UU. Departamento de Comercio de EE. UU. Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretario

Instituto Nacional de Normas y Tecnología Walter Copan, Director del NIST y Subsecretario de Comercio para Normas y Tecnología

## Autoridad

Esta publicación ha sido desarrollada por NIST de conformidad con sus responsabilidades estatutarias en virtud de la Ley Federal de Modernización de la Seguridad de la Información (FISMA) de 2014, 44 U.S.C. § 3551 y siguientes, Ley Pública (P.L.) 113-283. NIST es responsable de desarrollar normas y directrices de seguridad de la información, incluidos los requisitos mínimos para los sistemas de información federales, pero dichas normas y directrices no se aplicarán a los sistemas de seguridad nacional sin la aprobación expresa de los funcionarios federales apropiados que ejercen la autoridad política sobre dichos sistemas.

Risk Assessment
Maintenance
Access Control
System and Communications Protection
System and Information Integrity
Incident Response
Physical Protection
Identification and Authentication
Planning
System and Services Acquisition
Media Protection
Awareness and Training
Audit and Accountability
Supply Chain Risk Management
Configuration Management
Personnel Security
Security Assessment


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What is CMMC practice AC.L2-3.1.2 (NIST 3.1.2)?

[Assistant]
According to Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations:

3.1.2. 3.1.2. 3.1.2.

Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 8)

[Assistant]
sions. This documentation is essential when examining the security considerations for organizational information systems with respect to the potential impact on an organization's mission and business.
The resulting tailored baseline set of security controls and the supporting rationale for the selection decisions (including any information system use restrictions required by organizations) are documented in system security plans. Documenting significant risk management decisions in the security control selection process is imperative so that authorizing officials have access to necessary information to make informed authorization decisions for organizational information systems, as demonstrated in Figure 3. Figure 3: Security Control Selection Process

<!-- image -->

## 5 Assurance

Appendix E in SP 800-53 Revision 4 provides an update to guidance regarding security assurance. This section outlines methods for agencies to establish measures of confidence that the implemented security controls provide the security capability required to protect critical missions and business operations. The criteria for whether a security control is assurance- or functionality-related is based on the overall characteristics of the control. In general, assurance-related controls are controls that: (i) define processes, procedures, techniques, or methodologies for designing and developing information systems and system components; (ii) provide supporting operational processes including improving the quality of systems, components, or processes; (iii) produce security evidence from developmental or operational activities; (iv) determine security control effectiveness or risk; or (v) improve personnel skills, expertise, and understanding. Appendix E provides three tables that identify specific assurance-related controls that are included in the low-, moderate-, and high-impact baselines described in Appendix D.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Physical Protection?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology (IT). ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the costeffective security of other than national security-related information in federal information systems. The Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information systems security and privacy and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations. | CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... | CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1.1 PURPOSEANDAPPLICABILITY                                                                                | ...................................................................................................

Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Cloud Environments provide? (Part 5)

[Assistant]
blication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information system security, and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations.
## Patent Disclosure Notice

NOTICE: ITL has requested that holders of patent claims whose use may be required for compliance with the guidance or requirements of this publication disclose such patent claims to ITL. However, holders of patents are not obligated to respond to ITL calls for patents and ITL has not undertaken a patent search in order to identify which, if any, patents may apply to this publication. As of the date of publication and following call(s) for the identification of patent claims whose use may be required for compliance with the guidance or requirements of this publication, no such patent claims have been identified to ITL. No representation is made or implied by ITL that licenses are not required to avoid patent infringement in the use of this publication. ## Table of Contents

| Executive Summary................................................................................................................. 1                                                                                | Executive Summary................................................................................................................. 1                                   | Executive Summary.................................................................................................................

A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Cloud Environments


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What is CMMC practice AC.L2-3.1.8 (NIST 3.1.8)?

[Assistant]
According to Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations:

3.1.8. 3.1.8.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 9)

[Assistant]
tise, and understanding. Appendix E provides three tables that identify specific assurance-related controls that are included in the low-, moderate-, and high-impact baselines described in Appendix D.
The controls described assist organizations in defining the controls needed to satisfy minimum assurance requirements. Where additional assurance is desired to achieve risk management objectives, Table E-4 provides additional security controls and control enhancements to achieve enhanced assurance. Implementers should note that designation of assurance-related controls is not intended to imply a greater level of importance for such controls. Achieving adequate security for organizational information systems requires the correct combination of both functionality- and assurance-related security controls. ## 6 Security Controls

Appendix F, the Security Control Catalog, provides a comprehensive range of countermeasures for organizations and information systems. The security controls are designed to be technologyneutral such that the focus is on the fundamental countermeasures needed to protect organizational information during processing, storage, or transmission. SP 800-53 Rev. 4, therefore, does not provide guidance on the application of security controls to specific technologies, environments of operation, or missions/business functions. These specific areas may be addressed using overlays (see below). Control enhancements are included with many security controls and are selected in order to increase the strength of the base control. Control enhancements are intended to be implemented only in conjunction with implementation of the base control. Some security controls and control enhancements include one or more assignment and selection statements. These are variable parameters that organizations define, providing them with the ability to tailor security controls based on specific security requirements, environments of operation, and organizational risk tolerance.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Maintenance?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

............................................ 5                        |
| 2.1 DEVELOPMENTAPPROACH ......................................................................................................
| 5                                                                                |
| 2.2 ORGANIZATIONANDSTRUCTURE                                                                                | ............................................................................................. 7                                                  |
| 2.3 FLEXIBLE APPLICATION                                                                                | ............................................................................................................. 9                                  |
| CHAPTER THREE THE REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................... 11                       | CHAPTER THREE THE REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................... 11                       |
| 3.1 ACCESSCONTROL                                                                                | .................................................................................................................. 12                            |
| 3.2 AWARENESSANDTRAINING                                                                                | ...................................................................................................


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer provide? (Part 10)

[Assistant]
and specificity needed by organizations to clearly define their CUI security requirements, given the diverse nature of their missions, business functions, operational environments, and risk tolerance.
ODPs support consistent security assessments in determining whether security requirements have been satisfied. If a federal agency or a consortium of agencies do not specify a particular value or range of values for an ODP, nonfederal organizations must assign the value or values to complete the security requirement. Tailoring: The process by which control baselines are modified to achieve certain organizational goals and objectives. Definitions provided are intended as plain language. Review the NIST Glossary for official NIST definitions. Determine if your business has CUI. ## General Tips for Getting Started with NIST SP 800-171

Everyone will have different approaches to getting started, but here are a few tips to get you started down the right path:

Understand current (or future) legal, regulatory, or contractual requirements for protecting CUI. The federal agency is responsible for communicating what CUI the business is responsible for protecting as part of the contractual arrangement. If there are questions, reach out to the contracting officer. The business may also have additional compliance requirements beyond SP 800-171. If so, an initial task might be to understand where the requirements overlap and where they differ. With that information, the business can begin addressing requirements that meet multiple compliance requirements. Understand how CUI flows into, within, and out of the business. <!-- image -->

Inventorying what systems or components the business has, and how the data flows into, within, and out of those systems or components, helps practitioners understand the scope of applicability of SP 800-171 security requirements to business systems. <!-- image -->

Scope and Applicability of SP 800-171.

Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171 provide? (Part 20)

[Assistant]
and communications. Therefore, CUI that is processed, stored, or transmitted by any of the above systems related to a critical program or high value asset requires additional protection from the APT.
## 1.1   PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY

The purpose of this publication is to provide federal agencies with a set of enhanced security requirements 9 for protecting the confidentiality , integrity , and availability of CUI: (1) when the CUI is resident in a nonfederal system and organization, (2) when the nonfederal organization is not collecting or maintaining information on behalf of a federal agency or using or operating a system on behalf of an agency, 10 and (3) where there are no specific safeguarding requirements for protecting the CUI prescribed by the authorizing law, regulation, or government-wide policy for the CUI category listed in the CUI Registry. 11 The enhanced security requirements address the protection of CUI by promoting: (1) penetration-resistant architecture, (2) damage-limiting operations, and (3) designs to achieve cyber resiliency and survivability. 12 The enhanced security requirements are intended to supplement the basic and derived security requirements in [SP 800-171] and are for use by federal agencies in contractual vehicles or other agreements established between those agencies and nonfederal organizations. The enhanced security requirements apply to components 13 of nonfederal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI associated with a critical program or a high value asset or that provide security protection for such components. If nonfederal organizations designate specific system components for the processing, storage, or transmission of CUI associated with a critical program or a high value asset, those organizations may limit the scope of the enhanced security requirements by isolating the designated system components in a separate CUI security domain.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Cloud Environments provide? (Part 15)

[Assistant]
4. An Istio Authorization Policy that allows Service 1 to Service 2 on port 443 but only allows it to execute the GET HTTP verb on the '/public' path........................................15 Fig. 5.
Policy | Deployment for a Three-tier                                                                                | Application...............................................................16                                                                                |

## Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their thanks to Isabel Van Wyk of NIST for her detailed editorial review of the public comment version as well as the final publication. ## Executive Summary

The principles of zero trust, as described in NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-207, have become the guiding markers for developing secure zero trust architecture. A well-established class of applications is the cloud-native application class. The generally accepted characterization of a cloud-native application includes the following:

- The application is made up of a set of loosely coupled components called microservices. Each of the microservices can be hosted on different physical or virtual machines (VMs) and even be geographically distributed (e.g., within several facilities that belong to the enterprise, such as the headquarters, branch offices, and in various cloud service provider environments). - Any transaction involving the application may also involve one or more inter-service (microservice) calls across the network. - A widespread feature (though not necessarily a requirement for cloud-native applications) is the presence of a software platform called the service mesh that provides an integrated set of all application services (e.g., services discovery, networking connections, communication resilience, and security services like authentication and authorization).


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Zero Trust Architecture provide? (Part 3)

[Assistant]
ores disponibles para el propósito. En esta publicación puede haber referencias a otras que actualmente están siendo desarrolladas por NIST de acuerdo con sus responsabilidades estatutarias asignadas.
La información contenida en esta publicación, incluidos conceptos y  metodologías,  puede  ser  utilizada  por  los  organismos  federales  incluso  antes  de  la  finalización  de  dichas publicaciones  complementarias. Por  lo  tanto,  hasta  que  se  finalice  cada  publicación,  los  requisitos,  directrices  y procedimientos  actuales,  cuando  existan,  seguirán  siendo  operativos. A  efectos  de  planificación  y  transición,  los organismos federales pueden seguir de cerca el desarrollo de estas nuevas publicaciones del NIST. Se anima a las organizaciones a revisar todos los borradores de publicaciones durante los periodos de comentarios públicos y proporcionar retroalimentación al NIST. Muchas publicaciones sobre ciberseguridad del NIST, aparte de las mencionadas anteriormente, están disponibles en https://csrc.nist.gov/publications. ## Los comentarios sobre esta publicación pueden enviarse a

Instituto Nacional de Estándares y Tecnología A la atención de: Advanced Network Technologies Division, Information Technology Laboratory

100 Bureau Drive (Mail Stop 8920) Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8920

Correo electrónico: zerotrust-arch@nist.gov

Todos los comentarios están sujetos a la Ley de Libertad de Información (FOIA). ## Informes sobre tecnología de sistemas informáticos

El  Laboratorio  de  Tecnología  de  la  Información  (ITL,  por  su  nombre  en  inglés,  Information Technology Laboratory) del Instituto Nacional de Estándares y Tecnología (NIST) promueve la economía  y  el  bienestar  público  de  Estados  Unidos  a  través  de  su  liderazgo  técnico  en  la infraestructura  de  medición  y  normalización  del  país.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for System and Communications Protection?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

| CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... | CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1.1 PURPOSEANDAPPLICABILITY                                                                                | ................................................................................................... 3                                            |
| 1.2 TARGET AUDIENCE                                                                                | .................................................................................................................. 4                             |
| 1.3 ORGANIZATIONOF THIS SPECIAL PUBLICATION                                                                                | .......................................................................... 4                                                                     |
| CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ 5                        | CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ 5                        |
| 2.1 DEVELOPMENTAPPROACH ......................................................................................................


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 2 require for Supply Chain Risk Management?

[Assistant]
According to Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information:

| Access Control                    | Maintenance         | Security Assessment and Monitoring   |
|-----------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------|
| Awareness and Training            | Media Protection    | System and Communications Protection |
| Audit and Accountability          | Personnel Security  | System and Information Integrity     |
| Configuration Management          | Physical Protection | Planning                             |
| Identification and Authentication | Risk Assessment     | System and Services Acquisition      |
| Incident Response                 |                     | Supply Chain Risk Management         |

A.03.11.01.a: the risk (including supply chain risk) of unauthorized disclosure resulting from the processing, storage, or transmission of CUI is assessed.

[SELECT FROM: risk assessment policy and procedures; security planning policy and procedures; procedures for organizational assessments of risk; risk assessment; risk assessment results; risk assessment reviews; risk assessment updates; SCRM policy and procedures; inventory of critical systems, system components, and system services; procedures for organizational assessments of supply chain risk; acquisition policy; SCRM plan; system security plan; other relevant documents or records]

Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 2)

[Assistant] ## Table of Contents | 1 | Introduction ............................................................................................................1 | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 2 | NIST SP 800-53 Revision 4 and the Risk Management Framework (RMF)........2 | | 3 | Control Baselines and Tailoring ...........................................................................4 | | 4 | Documenting the Control Selection Process ......................................................5 | | 5 | Assurance...............................................................................................................6 | | 6 | Security Controls ...................................................................................................7 | | 7 | International Information Security Standards .....................................................8 | | 8 | Overlays..................................................................................................................9 | | 9 | Privacy ..................................................................................................................10 | | List of Figures | List of Figures | | Figure 1: Risk Management 3-Tiered Approach.........................................................2 | Figure 1: Risk Management 3-Tiered Approach.........................................................2 | | Figure 2: The Risk Management Framework ..............................................................3 | Figure 2: The Risk Management Framework ..............................................................3 | | Figure 3: Security Control Selection Process ............................................................5 | Figure 3: Security Control Selection Process ............................................................5 | ## 1 Introduction In April, 2013, NIST published an update, Revision 4, to NIST Special Publication 800-53, Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organization .


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What guidance does NIST provide for CMMC Level 3?

[Assistant]
According to Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer:

<!-- image -->

<!-- image -->

Howard Lutnick, Secretary of Commerce

<!-- image -->

Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI): NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3 Small Business Primer

## Purpose of this Primer

This guide provides small businesses with an overview of NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-171 Revision 3, Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations . The following pages contain:

- An overview of foundational components of SP 800-171
- A list of frequently asked questions and their answers
- Tips for getting started
- Related resources

## What is Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)?*

CUI is information the government creates or possesses, or that an entity creates or possesses on behalf of the government, that law, regulation, or governmentwide policy requires you to take technical and operational steps to protect. Systems that process, store, and transmit CUI often support government programs involving sensitive critical assets. As part of a contractual agreement with the federal government, or possibly with other organizations like municipal governments, prime contractors, universities, etc., you will likely be required to demonstrate you are taking adequate measures to protect CUI.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC require for Planning?

[Assistant]
According to Incident Response Recommendations and Considerations for Cybersecurity Risk Management_ A CSF 2.0 Community Profile:

ts, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federal agencies may wish to closely follow the development of these new publications by NIST.
| CSF Element              | CSF Element Description                                                                                | Priority   | Recommendations, Considerations, Notes                                                                                |
|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| GV.SC-05                 | Requirements to address cybersecurity risks in supply chains are established, prioritized, and integrated into contracts and other types of agreements with suppliers and other relevant third parties                                                                          | Medium     | R1: Cybersecurity supply chain risk management requirements should include cybersecurity performance and vulnerability, threat, and incident disclosure and information sharing.

Incident Response Recommendations and Considerations for Cybersecurity Risk Management_ A CSF 2.0 Community Profile


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What guidance does A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Cloud Environments provide?

[Assistant]
<!-- image -->

## NIST Special Publication NIST SP 800-207A

## A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Location Environments

Ramaswamy Chandramouli Zack Butcher

This publication is available free of charge from:

https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207A

<!-- image -->

## NIST Special Publication NIST SP 800-207A

## A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Location Environments

Ramaswamy Chandramouli

Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory

Zack Butcher Tetrate, Inc. This publication is available free of charge from:

https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207A

September 2023

<!-- image -->

U.S. Department of Commerce Gina M. Raimondo, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology Laurie E. Locascio, NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology

Certain commercial equipment, instruments, software, or materials, commercial or non-commercial, are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement of any product or service by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. There may be references in this publication to other publications currently under development by NIST in accordance with its assigned statutory responsibilities. The information in this publication, including concepts and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion of such companion publications. Thus, until each publication is completed, current requirements, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federal agencies may wish to closely follow the development of these new publications by NIST.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What are the CMMC Level 3 requirements?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

systems, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems without the express approval of the appropriate federal officials exercising policy authority over such systems.
This guideline is consistent with requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130. Nothing in this publication should be taken to contradict the standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding on federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority. Nor should these guidelines be interpreted as altering or superseding the existing authorities of the Secretary of Commerce, OMB Director, or any other federal official. This publication may be used by nongovernmental organizations on a voluntary basis and is not subject to copyright in the United States. Attribution would, however, be appreciated by NIST. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-172 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 800-172, 84 pages (February 2021)

CODEN: NSPUE2

This publication is available free of charge from:

https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-172

Certain  commercial  entities,  equipment,  or  materials  may  be  identified  in  this  document  to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. There may be references in this publication to other publications currently under development by  NIST  in  accordance  with  its  assigned  statutory  responsibilities. The  information  in  this publication, including concepts, practices, and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even  before  the  completion  of  such  companion  publications. Thus,  until  each  publication  is completed,  current  requirements,  guidelines,  and  procedures,  where  they  exist,  remain operative.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC require for System and Information Integrity?

[Assistant]
According to A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Cloud Environments:

- A built-in infrastructure for (a) providing service identities, (b) service discovery, and (c) external policy-based authorization engines in which policies incorporate contextual variables. Policies pertain to service-to-service and user-to-resource authentications and authorizations and ensure application integrity and confidentiality. These policies generally are expressed through a structure called access control. Some examples of access control models include: Next Generation Access Control (NGAC) model, and Attribute-based access control (ABAC) model.
- Code for performing network-related functions (e.g., traffic routing) and for ensuring network resiliency through functions such as retries, timeouts, blue-green deployments, and circuit breaking.
- More details on the container orchestration platform with an integrated service mesh can be found in [2], and an access control implementation in that platform is described extensively in [3].

- Measure the integrity and security posture of all resources by establishing a continuous diagnostics and mitigation (CDM) or similar system to monitor the state of devices and applications and apply patches or fixes as needed.
- An enterprise should collect data about the resource security posture, network traffic, and access requests; process that data; and use any insight gained to improve policy creation and enforcement. This data can also be used to provide context for access requests from subjects.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] How does Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer support CMMC certification?

[Assistant]
According to Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer:

<!-- image -->

<!-- image -->

Howard Lutnick, Secretary of Commerce

<!-- image -->

Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI): NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3 Small Business Primer

## Purpose of this Primer

This guide provides small businesses with an overview of NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-171 Revision 3, Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations . The following pages contain:

- An overview of foundational components of SP 800-171
- A list of frequently asked questions and their answers
- Tips for getting started
- Related resources

## What is Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)?*

CUI is information the government creates or possesses, or that an entity creates or possesses on behalf of the government, that law, regulation, or governmentwide policy requires you to take technical and operational steps to protect. Systems that process, store, and transmit CUI often support government programs involving sensitive critical assets. As part of a contractual agreement with the federal government, or possibly with other organizations like municipal governments, prime contractors, universities, etc., you will likely be required to demonstrate you are taking adequate measures to protect CUI.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC require for Awareness and Training?

[Assistant]
According to Zero Trust Architecture:

| | | 3.2.2.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171 provide? (Part 3)

[Assistant]
efore  the  completion  of  such  companion  publications. Thus,  until  each  publication  is completed,  current  requirements,  guidelines,  and  procedures,  where  they  exist,  remain operative.
For planning and transition purposes, federal agencies may wish to closely follow the development of these new publications by NIST. Organizations are encouraged to review draft publications during the public comment periods and provide feedback to NIST. Many NIST publications, other than the ones noted above, are available at https://csrc.nist.gov/publications. ## Comments on this publication may be submitted to:

National Institute of Standards and Technology Attn: Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory 100 Bureau Drive (Mail Stop 8930) Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930

Email: sec-cert@nist.gov

All comments are subject to release under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) [FOIA96]. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

## Reports on Computer Systems Technology

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology (IT). ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the costeffective security of other than national security-related information in federal information systems.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 2 require for Incident Response?

[Assistant]
According to Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information:

| Access Control                    | Maintenance         | Security Assessment and Monitoring   |
|-----------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------|
| Awareness and Training            | Media Protection    | System and Communications Protection |
| Audit and Accountability          | Personnel Security  | System and Information Integrity     |
| Configuration Management          | Physical Protection | Planning                             |
| Identification and Authentication | Risk Assessment     | System and Services Acquisition      |
| Incident Response                 |                     | Supply Chain Risk Management         |

operations, exercising an incident response plan, and monitoring network traffic). Individuals are the people applying the specifications, mechanisms, or activities described above.

## 3.6. Incident Response


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Configuration Management?

[Assistant]
According to Assessing Enhanced Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information:

| CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... | CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... | 1   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|
| 1.1                                                                                | PURPOSEANDAPPLICABILITY............................................................................................................. 1        | 2   |
| 1.2                                                                                | TARGET AUDIENCE.............................................................................................................................. |     |
| 1.3                                                                                | ORGANIZATIONOF THIS SPECIAL PUBLICATION................................................................................. | 2   |
| CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ | CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ | 3   |
| 2.1                                                                                | ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES................................................................................................................

Assessing Enhanced Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Configuration Management?

[Assistant]
According to Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer:

| Access Control                    | Maintenance         | Security Assessment and Monitoring   |
|-----------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------|
| Awareness and Training            | Media Protection    | System and Communications Protection |
| Audit and Accountability          | Personnel Security  | System and Information Integrity     |
| Configuration Management          | Physical Protection | Planning                             |
| Identification and Authentication | Risk Assessment     | System and Services Acquisition      |
| Incident Response                 |                     | Supply Chain Risk Management         |

- Based on NIST SP 800-53, Revision 5 and the NIST SP 800-53B moderate impact control baseline.
- Applies updated tailoring criteria addressing stakeholder feedback (adding new, consolidating, and withdrawing requirements).
- Includes increased specificity in security requirements.
- Introduces organization-defined parameters (ODP) to increase flexibility to better manage organizationspecific risks.

Control Baseline: A set of controls you can implement to meet strategic, legal, regulatory, or contractual security and privacy requirements and manage risk.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Planning?

[Assistant]
According to Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer:

d, communicated, understood, and enforced. Even if cybersecurity activities are outsourced to an external provider, someone within the business should still be designated to manage cybersecurity risk.
|
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| It's not all technology. | An important point to emphasize is that many requirements in SP 800-171 do not need investments in technology or services to implement. Many requirements can be achieved through the creation of processes and procedures. |
| Implement the requirements and document implementation in a system security plan. | Satisfying the security requirements won't be accomplished overnight. Implement in phases based upon your resources (includin g time, expertise, budget, etc.), starting with understanding what security requirements you may have already satisfied and building from there.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 14)

[Assistant]
effectiveness of security
and privacy controls associated with systems and their environments of operation and to
provide credible and meaningful inputs to the organization’s risk management process.
A well-
executed assessment helps determine the validity of the controls contained in the organization’s
security and privacy plans and subsequently employed in organizational systems and
environments of operation. Control assessments facilitate a cost-effective approach to
managing risk by identifying weaknesses or deficiencies in systems, thus enabling the
organization to determine appropriate risk responses in a disciplined manner that is consistent
with organizational mission and business needs. SP 800-53A is a companion guideline to [SP 800-53] Security and Privacy Controls for Systems
and Organizations. Each publication provides guidance for implementing specific steps in the
Risk Management Framework (RMF).1 SP 800-53 and [SP 800-53B] address the Select step of the
RMF and provide guidance on security and privacy control selection (i.e., determining the
controls needed to manage risks to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other
organizations, and the Nation). SP 800-53A addresses the Assess and Monitor steps of the RMF
and provides guidance on the security and privacy control assessment processes. SP 800-53A
also includes guidance on how to build effective assessment plans and how to analyze and
manage assessment results. SP 800-53A provides a process that allows organizations to tailor the assessment procedures
outlined in the guidance. Tailoring involves customizing the assessment procedures to match
the characteristics of the system and its environment of operation more closely.

Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Risk Assessment?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

Advanced Persistent Threat; Basic Security Requirement; Contractor Systems; Controlled Unclassified Information; CUI Registry; Derived Security Requirement; Enhanced Security Requirement; Executive Order 13556; FIPS Publication 199; FIPS Publication 200; FISMA; NIST Special Publication 800-53; Nonfederal Organizations; Nonfederal Systems; Security Assessment; Security Control; Security Requirement. This publication is a supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171 [SP 800-171]. It contains recommendations  for  enhanced  security  requirements  to  provide  additional  protection  for Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) in nonfederal systems and organizations when such information is  associated  with critical  programs  or  high  value  assets. The  enhanced  security requirements are designed to respond to the advanced persistent threat (APT) and supplement the basic and derived security requirements in [SP 800-171]. While the security requirements in [SP 800-171] focus primarily on confidentiality protection, the enhanced security requirements in this publication address confidentiality, integrity, and availability protection. The enhanced security requirements are implemented in addition to the basic and derived requirements since those requirements are not designed to address the APT. The enhanced security requirements apply to those components of nonfederal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI or that provide protection for such components. There is no expectation that all of the enhanced security requirements will be selected by federal agencies implementing this guidance. The decision to select a particular set of enhanced security requirements will be based on the mission and business needs of federal agencies and guided and informed by ongoing risk assessments.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for System and Services Acquisition?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

........................................................................ | CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................
|
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1.1 PURPOSEANDAPPLICABILITY                                                                                | ................................................................................................... 3                                            |
| 1.2 TARGET AUDIENCE                                                                                | .................................................................................................................. 4                             |
| 1.3 ORGANIZATIONOF THIS SPECIAL PUBLICATION                                                                                | .......................................................................... 4                                                                     |
| CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ 5                        | CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ 5                        |
| 2.1 DEVELOPMENTAPPROACH ......................................................................................................


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Access Control?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

- Applying a threat-centric approach to security requirements specification;
- Employing system and security architectures that support logical and physical isolation using system and network segmentation techniques, virtual machines, and containers; 16
- Implementing dual authorization controls for the most critical or sensitive operations;
- Limiting persistent storage to isolated enclaves or domains;
- Implementing a comply-to-connect approach for systems and networks;
- Extending configuration management requirements by establishing authoritative sources for addressing changes to systems and system components;
- Periodically refreshing or upgrading organizational systems and system components to a known state or developing new systems or components;
- Employing a security operations center with advanced analytics to support continuous monitoring and protection of organizational systems; and
- Using deception to confuse and mislead adversaries regarding the information they use for decision-making, the value and authenticity of the information they attempt to exfiltrate, or the environment in which they are operating.

| FAMILY                            | FAMILY                               |
|-----------------------------------|--------------------------------------|
| Access Control                    | Media Protection                     |
| Awareness and Training            | Personnel Security                   |
| Audit and Accountability          | Physical Protection                  |
| Configuration Management          | Risk Assessment                      |
| Identification and Authentication | Security Assessment                  |
| Incident Response                 | System and Communications Protection |
| Maintenance                       | System and Information Integrity     |

## 3.1   ACCESS CONTROL


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Assessing Enhanced Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information provide? (Part 15)

[Assistant]
gns to achieve cyber resiliency and survivability. 4  Unless specified by legislation, regulation, or government-wide policy, the term system is used in this publication instead of information system.
This change reflects a broad-based and holistic definition of systems that includes general-purpose systems, industrial control systems, cyber-physical systems, and individual devices that are part of the Internet of Things. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

- Provide information security situational awareness. The assessment procedures in this publication offer the flexibility to customize assessments based on organizational policies and requirements, known threat and vulnerability information, system and platform dependencies, operational considerations, and tolerance for risk. ## THE SCOPE OF ENHANCED SECURITY REQUIREMENT ASSESSMENTS

The scope of the assessments conducted using the procedures described in this publication is guided and informed by the system security plans for the organizational systems processing, storing, or transmitting CUI. The assessments focus on the overall effectiveness of the security safeguards intended to satisfy the enhanced security requirements defined in [SP 800-172].


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Control Baselines for Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 20)

[Assistant]
| SYSTEMANDSERVICESACQUISITION FAMILY .........................................................................
| 42                                                                                |
| 3.18                                                                                | SYSTEMANDCOMMUNICATIONSPROTECTIONFAMILY .......................................................... | 46                                                                                |
| 3.19                                                                                | SYSTEMANDINFORMATIONINTEGRITYFAMILY ..................................................................... | 51                                                                                |
| 3.20                                                                                | SUPPLYCHAINRISKMANAGEMENTFAMILY ........................................................................... | 55                                                                                |
| REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. | REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................

Control Baselines for Information Systems and Organizations


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 8)

[Assistant]
sions. This documentation is essential when examining the security considerations for organizational information systems with respect to the potential impact on an organization's mission and business.
The resulting tailored baseline set of security controls and the supporting rationale for the selection decisions (including any information system use restrictions required by organizations) are documented in system security plans. Documenting significant risk management decisions in the security control selection process is imperative so that authorizing officials have access to necessary information to make informed authorization decisions for organizational information systems, as demonstrated in Figure 3. Figure 3: Security Control Selection Process

<!-- image -->

## 5 Assurance

Appendix E in SP 800-53 Revision 4 provides an update to guidance regarding security assurance. This section outlines methods for agencies to establish measures of confidence that the implemented security controls provide the security capability required to protect critical missions and business operations. The criteria for whether a security control is assurance- or functionality-related is based on the overall characteristics of the control. In general, assurance-related controls are controls that: (i) define processes, procedures, techniques, or methodologies for designing and developing information systems and system components; (ii) provide supporting operational processes including improving the quality of systems, components, or processes; (iii) produce security evidence from developmental or operational activities; (iv) determine security control effectiveness or risk; or (v) improve personnel skills, expertise, and understanding. Appendix E provides three tables that identify specific assurance-related controls that are included in the low-, moderate-, and high-impact baselines described in Appendix D.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC require for System and Services Acquisition?

[Assistant]
According to Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations_ A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy:

There may be references in this publication to other publications currently under development by NIST in accordance with its assigned statutory responsibilities. The information in this publication, including concepts, practices, and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion  of  such  companion  publications. Thus,  until  each  publication  is  completed,  current requirements, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federal agencies may wish to closely follow the development of these new publications by NIST. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology (IT). ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the costeffective security of other than national security-related information in federal information systems. The Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information systems security and privacy and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations. This publication describes the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and provides guidelines for applying the RMF to information systems and organizations. The RMF provides a disciplined, structured, and flexible process for managing security and privacy risk that includes information security categorization; control selection, implementation, and assessment; system and common control authorizations; and continuous monitoring.

Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations_ A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171 provide? (Part 8)

[Assistant]
e requirements also apply to services, including externally provided services, that process, store, or transmit CUI, or that provide security protections, for the system requiring enhanced protection.
The protection of a specific service to include CUI that is processed, stored or transmitted during the provision of that service, is achieved by implementing the enhanced security  requirements  for  the  service,  or  the  system  or  system  components  responsible  for providing that service. In addition to protecting CUI from unauthorized disclosure, the enhanced security requirements have been designed to protect the integrity and availability of CUI. This is achieved by promoting penetration-resistant architectures, damage-limiting operations, and designs to help achieve cyber resiliency and survivability. The term organizational system is used in many of the enhanced security requirements. It has a specific meaning regarding the applicability of the enhanced requirements as described above. Appropriate scoping considerations for the requirements are important factors in determining protection-related investment decisions and managing security risk for nonfederal organizations that have the responsibility of protecting CUI associated with critical programs and high value assets. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

## FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CYBERSECURITY

Organizations that have implemented or plan to implement the NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity [NIST CSF] can find in Appendix C a mapping of the enhanced security requirements in this publication to the security controls in [SP 800-53].


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Supply Chain Risk Management?

[Assistant]
According to Assessing Enhanced Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information:

| |-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE Determine if: | ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE Determine if: | | | 3.11.6e[a] | Supply chain risks associated with organizational systems and system components are identified.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Risk Assessment?

[Assistant]
According to Assessing Enhanced Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information:

| ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES................................................................................................................
| 3   |
| 2.2                                                                                | ASSURANCE CASES.............................................................................................................................. | 4   |
| CHAPTER THREE THE PROCEDURES............................................................................................... | CHAPTER THREE THE PROCEDURES............................................................................................... | 7   |
| 3.1                                                                                | ACCESSCONTROL ............................................................................................................................... | 8   |
| 3.2                                                                                | AWARENESSANDTRAINING............................................................................................................... | 9   |
| 3.3                                                                                | AUDIT ANDACCOUNTABILITY........................................................................................................... | 10  |
| 3.4                                                                                | CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................................


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Control Baselines for Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 10)

[Assistant]
nt security and  privacy  controls  that  meet  mission  and  business  needs,  assess  the  effectiveness  of  the controls, authorize the systems for operation, and continuously monitor the systems.
Exercising due diligence and implementing robust and comprehensive information security and privacy risk management programs can facilitate compliance with applicable laws, regulations, executive orders,  and  government-wide  policies. Risk  management  frameworks  and  risk  management processes are essential in developing, implementing, and maintaining the protection measures necessary to address stakeholder needs and the current threats to organizational operations and  assets,  individuals,  other  organizations,  and  the  Nation. Employing  effective  risk-based processes,  procedures,  methods,  and  technologies  ensures  that  information  systems  and organizations have the necessary trustworthiness and resiliency to support essential mission and business functions, the U.S. critical infrastructure, and continuity of government. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

## COMMON SECURITY AND PRIVACY FOUNDATIONS

In  working with the Office of Management and Budget to develop standards and guidelines required by FISMA, NIST consults with federal agencies; state, local, and tribal governments; and private sector organizations to improve information security and privacy, avoid unnecessary and costly duplication of effort, and help ensure that its publications are complementary with the standards and guidelines used for the protection of national security systems.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What is CMMC practice AT.L2-3.2.4 (NIST 3.2.4)?

[Assistant]
According to Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations:

3.2.4   DEVELOP ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR ORGANIZATION-SPECIFIC CONTROLS

Based on organizational policies, mission or business function requirements, and an assessment
of risk, organizations may choose to develop and implement additional (organization-specific)
controls or control enhancements for their systems that are beyond the scope of [SP 800-53].


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Part 5)

[Assistant]
e of continuous improvement in the organization's risk-related activities, with effective communication among tiers and stakeholders. Figure 1 illustrates the three-tiered approach to risk management.
Figure 1: Risk Management 3-Tiered Approach

<!-- image -->

The NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF), described in NIST Special Publication 800-37 Revision 1, Guide for Applying the Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems: a Security Life Cycle Approach, is a methodology for implementing risk management at the information systems tier. The RMF (depicted in Figure 2) identifies six distinct steps that provide a disciplined and structured process to integrate information security risk management activities into the system development life cycle. The RMF addresses security concerns of organizations related to the design, development, implementation, operation, and disposal of information systems and the environments in which those systems operate. The security controls in SP 800-53 Rev. 4 support Step Two of the RMF, and a detailed catalog of these controls is provided in Appendix F. For ease of use in the security control selection and specification process, controls are organized into eighteen families, each containing security controls related to the general security topic of the family. Security controls involve aspects of policy, oversight, supervision, manual processes, individual actions, or automated mechanisms implemented by information systems/devices. The security control structure consists of the

following components: (i) a control section; (ii) a supplemental guidance section; (iii) a control enhancements section; (iv) a references section; and (v) a priority and baseline allocation section.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Zero Trust Architecture provide? (Part 2)

[Assistant]
as normas y directrices no se aplicarán a los sistemas de seguridad nacional sin la aprobación expresa de los funcionarios federales apropiados que ejercen la autoridad política sobre dichos sistemas.
Esta directriz es coherente con los requisitos de la Circular A-130 de la Oficina de Gestión y Presupuesto (OMB). Nada  de  lo  que  figura  en  esta  publicación  debe  interpretarse  como  contradictorio  con  las  normas  y directrices que el Secretario de Comercio ha hecho obligatorias y vinculantes para los organismos federales en  virtud  de  la  autoridad  legal. Estas  directrices  tampoco  deben  interpretarse  como  una  alteración  o sustitución de las autoridades existentes del Secretario de Comercio, el Director de la OMB o cualquier otro funcionario federal. Esta publicación puede ser utilizada por organizaciones no gubernamentales de forma  voluntaria  y  no  está  sujeta  a  derechos  de  autor  en  los  Estados  Unidos. No  obstante,  el  NIST agradecerá que se cite su procedencia. Publicación especial 800-207 del Instituto Nacional de Estándares y Tecnología (NIST)

Inst. Nac. Est. Technol. Publ. Espec. 800-207, 59 páginas (agosto de 2020) CODEN: NSPUE2

Esta publicación está disponible en inglés de forma gratuita en: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207

En este documento pueden identificarse ciertas entidades, equipos o materiales comerciales con el fin de describir adecuadamente un procedimiento o concepto experimental. Dicha identificación no implica una recomendación o aprobación por parte del NIST, ni que las entidades, materiales o equipos sean necesariamente los mejores disponibles para el propósito. En esta publicación puede haber referencias a otras que actualmente están siendo desarrolladas por NIST de acuerdo con sus responsabilidades estatutarias asignadas.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer provide? (Part 5)

[Assistant]
s and disclosure

Preventing disruption in how information is accessed

<!-- image -->

2 SP 800-171 does not explicitly cover integrity and availability so it is not a comprehensive security program.
## Overview

## Structure of SP 800-171

SP 800-171 security requirements are organized into 17 families, as illustrated in the table below. Each family is further broke n down into requirements related to the family's general security topic (see the example at the bottom of the page). | Access Control                    | Maintenance         | Security Assessment and Monitoring   |
|-----------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------|
| Awareness and Training            | Media Protection    | System and Communications Protection |
| Audit and Accountability          | Personnel Security  | System and Information Integrity     |
| Configuration Management          | Physical Protection | Planning                             |
| Identification and Authentication | Risk Assessment     | System and Services Acquisition      |
| Incident Response                 |                     | Supply Chain Risk Management         |

## Understanding the Security Requirements in SP 800-171

Below is an example of the Incident Response Testing requirement, which is part of the Incident Response (IR) family. The structure and content of a typical security requirement includes:

<!-- image -->

ht ps:/

csrc.nist.gov/projects/protecting-control ed-unclas ified-information

## Overview

<!-- image -->

## Top 5 Frequently Asked Questions

## Top five questions NIST receives on SP 800-171:

| How can I 'comply' with SP 800-171? | NIST does not have a role in determining compliance with the security requirements in SP 800-171. If you have questions regarding requirements to protect CUI or other regulatory requirements, please contact your prime contractor and/or federal point of contact for the contract.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC require for Configuration Management?

[Assistant]
According to Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations:

| 1 | Introduction ............................................................................................................1 | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 2 | NIST SP 800-53 Revision 4 and the Risk Management Framework (RMF)........2 | | 3 | Control Baselines and Tailoring ...........................................................................4 | | 4 | Documenting the Control Selection Process ......................................................5 | | 5 | Assurance...............................................................................................................6 | | 6 | Security Controls ...................................................................................................7 | | 7 | International Information Security Standards .....................................................8 | | 8 | Overlays..................................................................................................................9 | | 9 | Privacy ..................................................................................................................10 | | List of Figures | List of Figures | | Figure 1: Risk Management 3-Tiered Approach.........................................................2 | Figure 1: Risk Management 3-Tiered Approach.........................................................2 | | Figure 2: The Risk Management Framework ..............................................................3 | Figure 2: The Risk Management Framework ..............................................................3 | | Figure 3: Security Control Selection Process ............................................................5 | Figure 3: Security Control Selection Process ............................................................5 |


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC Level 3 require for Personnel Security?

[Assistant]
According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171:

| CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... | CHAPTERONE INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1.1 PURPOSEANDAPPLICABILITY                                                                                | ................................................................................................... 3                                            |
| 1.2 TARGET AUDIENCE                                                                                | .................................................................................................................. 4                             |
| 1.3 ORGANIZATIONOF THIS SPECIAL PUBLICATION                                                                                | .......................................................................... 4                                                                     |
| CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ 5                        | CHAPTERTWO THE FUNDAMENTALS............................................................................................ 5                        |
| 2.1 DEVELOPMENTAPPROACH ......................................................................................................


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What does CMMC require for Media Protection?

[Assistant]
According to Summary of NIST SP 800-53, Revision 4_ Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations:

The NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF), described in NIST Special Publication 800-37 Revision 1, Guide for Applying the Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems: a Security Life Cycle Approach, is a methodology for implementing risk management at the information systems tier. The RMF (depicted in Figure 2) identifies six distinct steps that provide a disciplined and structured process to integrate information security risk management activities into the system development life cycle. The RMF addresses security concerns of organizations related to the design, development, implementation, operation, and disposal of information systems and the environments in which those systems operate.


[System] You are a CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification) expert with deep knowledge of NIST SP 800-171, SP 800-172, and defense contractor cybersecurity requirements. You provide accurate guidance on CMMC compliance, CUI protection, and DoD security controls.

[User] What additional guidance does Zero Trust Architecture provide? (Part 6)

[Assistant]
. Entre ellas se encuentran Greg Holden, director del proyecto ZTA del Consejo Federal de CIO; Alper Kerman, director del proyecto ZTA del NIST/Centro Nacional de Ciberseguridad; y Douglas Montgomery.
En la traducción, un especial reconocimiento a las personas que colaboraron de alguna u otra forma con  la  gestión,  redacción,  terminología  específica  y  compaginación:  Fabien  Spychiger,  CEO Dreamlab Technologies Chile; Javier Toro Rodríguez, Cybersecurity Service Manager, Dreamlab Tecnologies  Chile;  Stéphane  Bürgi,  Senior  Technical  Writer  Dreamlab  Technologies  Chile  y Celeste Gauna, Cyberintelligence Analyst Dreamlab Technologies Chile. ## Audiencia

Este documento pretende describir la confianza cero para los arquitectos de seguridad empresarial. Se intenta ayudar a la comprensión de la confianza cero para los sistemas civiles no clasificados y proporcionar una hoja de ruta para migrar y desplegar conceptos de seguridad de confianza cero a un entorno empresarial. Los responsables de ciberseguridad de las agencias, los administradores de red y los directivos también pueden obtener información sobre la confianza cero y la ZTA a partir de este documento. Esta guía no pretende ser un plan de despliegue único para la ZTA, ya que cada empresa tendrá sus propios casos de uso y activos de datos que requieran protección. Si se  parte  de  un  conocimiento  sólido del  negocio y los  datos  de la  organización,  se  obtendrá un enfoque sólido de la confianza cero. ## Información sobre marcas registradas

Todas las marcas registradas o comerciales pertenecen a sus respectivas organizaciones. ## Aviso de divulgación de patentes

AVISO: el laboratorio de tecnologías de la información (ITL) ha solicitado que los titulares de registros de patentes cuyo uso pueda ser necesario para el cumplimiento de las orientaciones o requisitos de esta publicación comuniquen dichos registros de patentes al ITL.