Resultados Miquel Sierra, Joan Muñoz, Cristina Madrid López Problema / objetivo La energía eólica es esencial para la transición energética y su tecnología cambia rápidamente. El PNIEC23 propone un 31% de energía eólica en el mix de energía eléctrica primaria para 2030, y el PROENCAT un 51% para 2050. La investigación sobre los impactos ambientales de la energía eólica, se basa normalmente en el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV). Sin embargo, los inventarios que se utilizan para este análisis están obsoletos. En el proyecto JUSTWIND4ALL hemos: Creado el modelo WindTrace para parametrizar inventarios de turbinas, ayudando a que el ACV se ajuste mejor a la realidad de l sector. 1. Analizado a modo de ejemplo el impacto ambiental de turbinas y parques en base a estos parámetros. 2. METODOLOGÍA Hemos modelizado las siguientes fases: extracción de materias primas, manufactura, transporte, instalación, mantenimiento y fin de vida. Usamos datos de la literatura científica y de informes de la industria. WindTrace usa el software de ACV de código abierto Brightway2.5 y la base de datos Ecoinvent para la construcción y manipulación de los inventarios. Calculamos impactos con el método ReCiPe 2016. conclusiones y trabajo futuro Conclusiones: WindTrace permite dimensionar los inventarios de ciclo de vida de las turbinas eólicas y ajustar los flujos de las diferentes etapas a sus características técnicas y localización en el terreno. Los materiales son la fase con mayor impacto sobre el calentamiento global en los tres ejemplos analizados (75-85%). La instalación es la etapa que más contribuye a los impactos sobre el uso del suelo. Trabajo futuro: Desarrollo del modelo para turbinas eólicas marinas, incluyendo plataformas eólicas flotantes. Evaluación de los impactos ambientales de la flota eólica actual en Europa, incluyendo más indicadores Análisis de las barreras que suponen estos impactos para la transición energética. CUANDO no hay datos: el modelo windtrace para parameterizar inventarios de eólica Mostramos el ejemplo del calentamiento global y el uso del suelo de un parque eólico real en la Figura 2. Calentamiento global: La etapa de materiales es responsable de más del 85% del impacto. El acero es el material con mayor contribución (36%) seguido del acero cromado, la fibra de vidrio y la electrónica (10-15%). Uso del suelo: La etapa de instalación representa el 74% del impacto. La ocupación directa de suelo de la turbina y las vías de acceso al parque se contabilizan en esta etapa. La fase de materiales contribuye un 21% al impacto por la ocupación de las minas en la extracción. Este trabajo está financiado por la Generalitat de Catalunya con el contrato 2021 SGR 00734; el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, con una ayuda de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación con contrato PID2020-119565RJ-I00 y CEX2019-0940-M; y la Unión Europea, con una ayuda del programa Horizon Europe con contrato 101083936. CONTACTO — miquel.sierra@uab.cat — cristina.madrid@uab.cat Figura 2. Contribución de las diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida a los indicadores de impacto de calentamiento global y uso del suelo en un parque eólico real situado en Alemania, con especia l émfasis en los materiales. Los indicadores se han tomado del método ReCiPe 2016 midpoint (H). Figura 1. Lista de parámetros de turbina y de parque que el modelo necesita para generar los inventarios parametrizados.


Implementação de um teste de aleatoriedade para avaliar um algoritmo de criptografia baseado em caos Bruno Piazera Larsen; Jeaneth Machicao Universidade de São Paulo larsen.bruno.p@gmail.com; machicao@usp.br Objetivos O objetivo principal deste projeto de iniciação científica é a implementação de um algoritmo de criptografia baseada em caos. Para isto, a avaliação da pseudo-aleatoriedade do algoritmo também é de grande interesse, e está sendo realizada em paralelo. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é a implementação de um teste de aleatoriedade que seja sensível o suficiente para medir as propriedades pseudo- aleatórias do caos. Métodos e Procedimentos Neste trabalho foi proposto e implementado um novo teste de aleatoriedade baseado na proposta de Zhu [1], expandindo-o para testar todas as sequências possíveis, até um tamanho m. De acordo com esse trabalho, dado um vetor aleatório de n-bits é esperado que, buscando um padrão de tamanho m usando uma janela fixa, a distância entre os padrões siga uma distribuição exponencial de parâmetro 2-m. Será usado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para determinar o p-valor da amostra, e depois o teste será reaplicado nos p-valores obtidos, que devem seguir uma distribuição uniforme. Se o p-valor for muito baixo, a hipótese nula pode ser descartada. Uma vez que esse teste estiver pronto, será implementado o sistema criptográfico, e o teste de aleatoriedade será usado para validar a qualidade do sistema, junto de outros testes usados na literatura (DIEHARDER e NIST). Resultados Preliminares A qualidade do teste proposto foi avaliada usando o gerador pseudo-aleatório baseado no k-mapa logístico [2] e uma amostra não aleatória. Os padrões de intermitência podem ser observados na Figura 1. Usando padrões diferentes (diferentemente do que foi proposto por Zhu) alguns padrões ficam muito aparentes. Figura 1: Frequências de intermitência em uma amostra não aleatória (topo) e em uma aleatória (fundo) saindo do padrão 111 e buscado 000. Conclusões Preliminares Pelos resultados preliminares podemos concluir, com um otimismo cauteloso, que o teste será muito mais sensível que os testes atuais, dado que o programa possa ser refinado. Referências Bibliográficas [1] Zhu, S. (2015). A Randomness Test Based on the Distribution of Position for Pre-Specified Pattern. In 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation (CSMA). IEEE. [2] Machicao, J., & Bruno, O. M. (2017). Improving the pseudo-randomness properties of chaotic maps using deep-zoom. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 27(5), 53116.


Parallel Roads to the Traveling Salesman 3/2-Approximation Metric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) Find: A shortest tour visiting each vertex of an edge-weighted graph at least once. NP-hard: No polynomial-time algorithm is known. In 1976, a polynomial-time algorithm for computing a tour of length no more than 3/2 of the optimum was discovered simultaneously in the English and Russian literature. Actually, it is the end of a series of three parallel discoveries. 1973/74: The Chinese Postman Problem (CPP) Find: A shortest tour visiting all edges of an edge-weighted graph. Solvable by computing a maximum-weight matching in an auxiliary graph. 1973: Christoﬁdes ﬁnds the connection between CPP and matching, solves the re- sulting matching problem in polynomial time using Edmonds’ 1965 algorithm. 1974: Serdyukov ﬁnds the connection be- tween CPP and matching, solves the result- ing matching problem in exponential time, being unaware of Edmonds’ algorithm. 1975: Faster Matching Algorithms Lawler: O(n3)-time implementation of Edmonds’ matching algorithm. Karzanov: O(n3 log n)-time implementa- tion of Edmonds’ matching algorithm. Likely, Serdyukov learned about the polynomial-time solvability of the maximum- weight matching problem from a preliminary version of Karzanov’s article. Both results are published only in 1976. 1976: 3/2-Approximation Algorithm for TSP Algorithm: First compute a minimum-weight spanning tree and then a shortest tour traversing it, via matching, like for CPP. February: Christoﬁdes describes the al- gorithm in a technical report at Carnegie Mellon University. January: Serdyukov submits it to the journal Upravlyayemye Sistemy of the In- stitute of Mathematics in Novosibirsk. Full article: R. van Bevern and V. A. Slugina: A historical note on the 3/2-approximation algorithm for the traveling salesman problem. Historia Mathematica, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.hm.2020.04.003, arXiv:2004.02437


oPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) synthesized via reactive extrusion ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using a catalyst. oTwo different bacterial celluloses, BNC and BMFC used at 0.5 wt% relative to L-lactide mass. oCharacterization through XRD, DSC and TGA. The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 952941 biomac@chem.auth.gr INTRODUCTION EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF CELLULOSE ON THE STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) (PLA) – BASED FILMS AUTH Eleftheria Xanthopoulou*, Georgia Lathira*, Rafael Sanchez**, Pilar Albaladejo Sánchez**, Giacomo Marra***, Miguel Angel Valera***, Charilaos Xiros****, Z. Terzopoulou*, D. Bikiaris* * Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece ** Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística, ITENE, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain *** AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain **** RISE Processum AB, SE-891 22, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS oThe incorporation of BNC and BMFC affected the thermal transitions of PLA-based films. oBoth DSC and XRD analyses suggested crystallization of all materials after the annealing procedure. oThe thermal stability was sustained and depended on the cellulose type and molecular weight of the final nanocomposite. This study investigates the effect of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and microfibrillated cellulose (BMFC) reinforcement on the performance of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based films synthesized by reactive extrusion (REX), a rapid and cost-effective method for polymer functionalization, blending, and compatibilization. L-lactide Catalyst 15 min BNC or BMFC fraction 0.5 wt% XRD patterns of (a) quenched and (b) annealed (at 80 °C for 1h) PLA-based films. TGA curves of (a) the % mass and (b) the first derivative of mass loss in PLA-based films. o PLA has a Tg=59.9 °C, Tcc=112.1 °C and a melting point at Tm=166.4. °C. o Tg, Tcc and Tm have a decreasing trend, following the Mn trend. o All materials had the diffraction peaks of PLA. o Small diffraction peaks of the additive appeared in PLA-BNC pattern. o All materials exhibit two distinct degradation steps, the first corresponding to the loss of moisture content and the breaking of cellulose components and the second to PLA. o The Tonset of the PLA segments is not significantly affected by the presence of the additive. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Intensity (counts) 2theta (degrees) PLA REX BMFC PLA REX BNC PLA REX (a) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Intensity (counts) 2theta (degrees) PLA REX BMFC PLA REX BNC PLA REX (b) 100 200 300 400 500 0 20 40 60 80 100 Mass (%) Temperature (°C) PLA REX PLA REX BNC PLA REX BMFC (a) 100 200 300 400 500 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 DTG (%/min) Temperature (°C) PLA REX PLA REX BNC PLA REX BMFC (b) SEM image of PLA BMFC composite. 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Normalized Heat Flow (W/g) Endo Up Temperature (°C) PLA REX BMFC PLA REX BNC PLA REX 0.5 W/g (b) 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Normalized Heat Flow (W/g) Endo Up Temperature (°C) PLA REX BMFC PLA REX BNC PLA REX 0.5 W/g (a) Sample Tg (°C) Tm (°C) Tcc(°C) Tc(°C) Xc (%) PLA REX 59.9 166.4 112.1 100.4 25.1 PLA REX BNC 57.1 165.8 104 94.2 33.4 PLA REX BMFC 51.2 164.9 96.5 91.4 37.8 DSC heating scans of (a) quenched and (b) annealed (at 80 °C for 1h) PLA-based films.


In our analysis we took into account the full observational information: energy, time, and angle for all events. For each detector we included: background, dead time, biases, and an accurate treatment of efficiencies. Our study favors the existence of the accretion phase with a significance of 𝚫𝝌𝟐= 𝟖. 𝟗, in accordance with literature. We performed a systematic investigation of the likelihood profile for all parameters, which allowed us to understand the characteristics of the likelihood function and to estimate uncertainties and correlations independently of the Hessian approach; see figure as an example. Finally, to test the validity of our model, we performed a hypothesis test adopting the Cramer criterion for each cumulative distribution represented in the figures above, obtaining satisfactory results reported in the table on the right. The combined probability maximization of all experiments produces parameter estimates whose values are consistent with the expectations of the theory. The agreement with the temporal and energy distributions of the model is excellent; that with the angular distributions is suboptimal but still acceptable. We conclude that our model effectively describes the anti-neutrino burst of SN1987A, highlighting salient features of interest for astrophysics and future observations. The results will be published and detailed in a paper in the near future. Supernova 1987A (SN1987A) is a Type II event that occurred in the Large Magellanic Cloud, approximately 168,000 light-years from Earth. An associated neutrino emission was observed: three experiments, Kamiokande-II, IMB and Baksan, detected a total of 29 events in a time span of about 30 seconds. This provided general support for theoretical expectations, which predict neutrinos as the main source of energy release in a core-collapse supernova event. SN1987A continues to be a key object of study, as it is the only such phenomenon observed to date. We present a state-of-the-art analysis of the SN1987A data, which corrects certain inaccuracies of previous analyses and is based on a new modelling of the neutrino flux, more consistent with the expectations of astrophysical simulations. Riccardo Maria Bozza1,2, Vigilante Di Risi1, Giuseppe Matteucci1,2, Veronica Oliviero1,2, Giulia Ricciardi1,2, Francesco Vissani3,R 1 Department of Physics ‘E. Pancini’, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 2 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Napoli, Naples, Italy 3 Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (INFN), Assergi, Italy 4 Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (INAF), Merate, Italy Riccardo Maria Bozza1,2, Vigilante Di Risi1, Giuseppe Matteucci1,2, Veronica Oliviero1,2, Giulia Ricciardi1,2, Francesco Vissani3,4 1 Department of Physics ‘E. Pancini’, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 2 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Napoli, Naples, Italy 3 Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (INFN), Assergi, Italy 4 Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (INAF), Merate, Italy Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, M. Matsuura (Cardiff University), R. Arendt (NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight Center & University of Maryland, Baltimore County), C. Fransson (Stockholm University), J. Larsson (KTH Royal Institute of Technology), A. Pagan (STScI) A recent model (Symmetry 2021, 13(10), 1851) parametrizes the temporal profile of the incoming anti-neutrino flux from a CCSN in two independent components: accretion and cooling, accounting for an initial ramp-up phase for both components, as predicted by supernovae models. According to the mentioned model, accretion and cooling can be described by a single function: We calculated the differential interaction rate for Kamiokande-II, Baksan and IMB and employed a global Bayesian approach to estimate the best fit parameters for the model. Our approach at analyzing the neutrino emission The results for Kamiokande-II Best Fit Parameters Best fit parameters are obtained by maximizing the likelihood function with reasonable constraints provided by


Yuwei Hu1,2, Helen Beggs3 and Xiao Hua Wang1,2 1.Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia 2.School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia 3.Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia Inter-Comparison Groups Sea surface temperature (SST) climatology datasets provide the reference for observations of ocean anomalous events such as coastal upwelling and Marine Heat Waves (MHWs), which may have significant effects on the local marine ecosystem. The representativeness of the SST climatology datasets of the historical and current ocean surface states is essential to identify and predict anomalous events. Here we compare four high resolution SST climatology datasets around the Australian coast to investigate uncertainty introduced by reference SSTs to estimates of SST anomalies. The datasets studied are: (i) 0.05-degree SST Climate Change Initiative (CCI) global daily climatology for 1981-2016, 1985-2012, 1992- 2016 and 1994-2016, calculated by this study from the ESA SST CCI Analysis product version 2.0 (Rayner et al., 2019), a satellite-only SSTdepth analysis created by the UK Met Office OSTIA SST analysis system from SST CCI Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) and SST CCI Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) products (1981-2016); (ii) 0.02-degree SST Atlas of the Australian Regional Seas (SSTAARS), a pixel-wise daily climatology for 1992-2016 (Wijffels et al., 2018), based on the 0.02-degree bias-corrected version 2 Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) one-day composite night-time AVHRR SST; (iii) 0.05-degree NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) global monthly climatology for 1985–2012 (https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/coraltemp.php), derived from the MyOcean OSTIA Reanalysis (1985-2002) and NOAA Geo-Polar Blended SST reanalysis (2002–2012), and (iv) 0.1-degree BRAN SST daily climatology for 1994-2016, derived from the BRAN_2016 ocean reanalysis data generated by the Ocean Forecasting Australian Model version 3 (OFAM3) ocean model (Oke et al.,2013). Three climatology comparison groups based on these four SST products are formed (Table 1) and statistical analysis of the differences in each climatology comparison group are conducted followed by the in-situ validation using TAO/TRITON mooring SST1m climatology (https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/gtmba/taotriton- collaboration). In this study we define CCI as the a reference to compare with CRW, SSTAARS and BRAN climatology datasets, with all comparisons performed over the SSTAARS domain (Figure 4). Groups CCI_1985 – CRW, CCI_1992 – SSTAARS and CCI_1994 – BRAN are compared to reduce potential impact of the reference period on SST differences in each CCI related group. The comparison groups from (a) to (c) are listed in Table 2 together with the five main factors affecting the comparison, including whether day and night data were included, reference period, data central year, climatology calculation algorithm and whether or not the climatology represents the same SST depth. Table 1. Main attributes of the climatology datasets Acknowledgements Y. Hu a candidate in UNSW Canberra, has been financially supported by the China Scholarship Council and the top-up scholarship from UNSW Canberra since August 2017 for her PhD studies in Australia. The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency CCI Project for providing the SST CCI analysis v2.0 data, and BoM internal reviewers Chris Griffin, Frank Colberg and Grant Smith for giving very helpful comments and suggestions to this study. This work is supported by the Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management. Statistical Analysis Differences of each comparison group are calculated along with temporal relative bias (Figure 1) and standard deviation (STD, Figure 2) in each valid SSTAARS grid cell. Density distributions of differences within time bins are then calculated. The SST differences are first classified in time bins base


Juan J. Payares1,2, María J. Álvarez2, José R. Hernández1, Aldo F. Combariza2 1Civil Engineering Department (School of Engineering), 2Biology and Chemistry Department (School of Education and Science) 1Research Group of investigation environmental and wate-Gimaguas University of Sucre 2Research Group of Evolutionary Biology, 2Molecular Modelling and Computational Simulation, University of Sucre Problematics present Tests for evaluation of mechanical properties Corn cell walls structure and fiber scheme. Influence of fibers in concrete Cob Corn SOURCE http://old.tell.cl/magazine/6084/rancagua/agosto/2012/entr evistas/viva-el-choclo.html Source:http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-01-06/CB01-06.html References 1.. Chávez Porras, Álvaro, & Rodríguez González, A. 2016. Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos agrícolas y forestales en Iberoamérica. Academia Y Virtualidad, 9(2), 90-107. https://doi.org/10.18359/ravi.2004 2. Sánchez Bernal, R., Pita Castañeda, J., González Velandia, K., & Hormaza Verdugo, J. (2018). Análisis de mezclas de residuos sólidos orgánicos empleadas en la fabricación de ladrillos ecológicos no estructurales. Revista De Ciencias Ambientales, 53(1), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.15359/rca.53-1.2 3. Lv, Lihua; Bi, Jihong; Ye, Fang; Qian, Yongfang; Zhao, Yuping. 2017. Extraction of discarded corn husk fibers and its flame retarded composites. pp 408-413. 4. Vajje, S. ; Krishna, M. 2014. Study On Addition Of The Natural Fibers Into Concrete Saandeepani.pp https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001251 5. acques, Eric; Lloyd, Alan; Imbeau, Paul; Palermo, Dan; Quek, Jeslin. 2015. Concrete Columns Subjected to Simulated Blast Loading https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001251- 6. Torkaman, J., Ashori, A., & Sadr Momtazi, A. (2014). Using wood fiber waste, rice husk ash, and limestone powder waste as cement replacement materials for lightweight concrete blocks. Construction and Building Materials, 50, 432–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.044 7. Martín, Ana Balea. 2019. Celulosa nanofibrilada y su aplicación en la industria papelera para la mejora de productos reciclados. 8. Amigó, Vicente; Salvador, Mª Dolores; Sahuquillo, Oscar. 2008. Aprovechamiento de residuos de fibras naturales como elementos de refuerzo de materiales poliméricos Nishiyama, Y., Langan, P., & Chanzy, H. (2002). Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124(31), 9074–9082. doi:10.1021/ja0257319 Bledzki, A. (1999). Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres. Progress in Polymer Science, 24(2), 221–274. doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(98)00018-5 The skeletal model represents the cellulose chains Model for the description of the stiffness of the fibre Source:https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Shear-Behavior-Models-of-S teel-Fiber-Reinforced-Hwang-Lee/0ea29080112e4e9be135d760af60cec034 9a0a0e/figure/4 Source:https://www.ibertest.es/products/maquina- de-ensayo-para-materiales-de-alta-resistencia-la- compresion-serie-meh/ Source: Sucre University laboratory Source:: http://www.capsf.org.ar/generales/344-novedades-en-la-liquid acion-de-las-estructuras Source:https://www.lasprovincias.es/c omunitat/ayuntamiento-valencia-culp a-20171124203929-nt.html Source:https://www.prensalibre.com/ guatemala/comunitario/lluvias-arrastr an-mas-desechos/ GIMAGUAS Mechanical behavior of fibers extracted from cob corn as reinforcement in concrete beams.| Acknowledgement. For the support received and the constant reminder that everything we want can develop, as long as we work with passion and commitment, so i wish dedicated to thank my teachers and family that make me improve every day. my professors Aldo F. Combariza and José R. Hernández.


Use of Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis (SIRA) for the identification of invasive species native in alien environments Funding Non-competitive funding mechanism. Each funder only pays for the participation of their own national researchers. Total funding € 60 000 Picture 1 Picture 1 Picture 1 Goals To develop Stable Isotope Ratios Analysis (SIRA) as arthropod tree pest determination tool, to be used to obtain reliable information about the origin of exotic pest species. The ability to make this determination could form part of the decision-making process on the actions and measures to be taken, in case of interceptions or outbreaks of non-native species. Research consortium Defra (GB), BLT (AT), CREA (IT), APHIS (US), Uorleans (FR) Contact information Project coordinator: Katharina Heinrich Katharina.Heinrich@fera.co.uk Key outputs and results • A preliminary exploration of isotopic signatures for the identification and differentiation of geographic origin of various species. The extent of the exploration will depend on the availability of samples within the project group and this is likely to vary between species. The ability to differentiate between specimens of different geographical origins is also likely to vary between species depending on their climatic range, host trees and landscape utilisation. • An assessment as to whether the data from one pest can be utilised for another pest with a similar feeding regime. This will depend on the identical host tree species, the specific parts of the tree consumed by the insects and their life cycles. • Guidelines and recommendations for decision- making based on the data produced. Objectives Sourcing of tree pest specimens, e.g. Anoplophora glabripennis (ALB), Monochamus, etc. from different geographic regions in sufficient numbers for SIRA and statistical evaluation of the results. A sub-topic will be the combined analysis of insect specimen and host tree wood/bark for the investigation of correlation between their stable isotope patterns. 10/2018-03/2021


Rachel J. Harding1, Peter Loppnau1, Suzanne Ackloo1, Alexander Lemak2, Ashley Hutchinson1, Brittany Hunt1, Alex S. Holehouse3, Jolene C. Ho1, Lixin Fan4, Leticia Toledo-Sherman5, Alma Seitova1, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith1,2 1 Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, 2 Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada, 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, 4 Basic Science Program, SAXS Core facility of National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, MD 21701, USA, 5 CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA From proteins to people: an open toolkit to accelerate Huntington’s disease research Huntington’s disease research has been hampered by a paucity of openly available biochemical tools to facilitate research into this devastating disease and help develop new therapeutics. This project aimed to generate resources for the Huntington’s disease research community, available without restriction, with the hope of accelerating research of the huntingtin protein which functions aberrantly in patients with this disease. Summary General population 15, 19, 23, 24, 25, 30 15, 19, 23, 24, 25, 30 HD patients 36, 42, 48 Juvenile HD patients 51, 52, 54, 60, 66, 73, 78, 79, 85 Extreme expansions 109, 139, 142, 145 pBacMam2-DiEx-LIC Huntingtin constructs are unencumbered and were created for open distribution ~15,000 publications referencing Huntington’s disease <50 publications detailing experiments with purified full-length huntingtin protein samples Data from PubMed search March 2019 for “Huntington’s disease” & “purified huntingtin protein” The mechanism of Huntington’s disease remains incompletely understood Many therapies in development and most of the current clinical trials targetting Huntington’s disease, aim to lower the levels of the huntingtin protein to slow or stop disease progression. Aim: Design and characterise an open toolkit of Huntington’s disease research resources for biochemical investigation of huntingtin protein Huntington’s disease patients have an expansion mutation in a CAG-repeat region of the huntingtin gene. This mutation leads to neuronal cell dysfunction and progressive neurodegenerative decline with complex psychological, cognitive and physcial symptoms. There are no disease modifying therapies available for Huntington’s disease. General population huntingtin gene < 35 CAG repeats Functional huntingtin protein Healthy neuron Patient population huntingtin gene > 35 CAG repeats Aberrant huntingtin protein Neurodegeneration However, we still don’t know very much about the physiological function of this criticial protein molecule. An open-source toolkit to make huntingtin protein samples Huntingtin is in the top 1% of human genes, encoding a 3000+ amino acid protein. This creates many technical barriers to make huntingtin protein samples. Constructs with different expansions were generated to allow expression and purification of huntingtin proteins reflecting different populations: pBacMam constructs permit flexible expression in either insect or mammalian cells to suit the needs of different labs. Suspension eukaryotic culture systems allow scalable production of protein, facilitating purification of large quanitites of material, needed for subsequent biochemical analysis. 5 10 15 0 50 100 150 200 Elution Volume (mL) A280 mAU Gel Filtration of insect HTT1-3144 Q23 HTT1-3144 Q23 250 130 100 75 55 48 35 25 15 MW (kDa) 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 Elution Volume (mL) 10 4-20% SDS-PAGE of monomer peak fractions Huntingtin samples can be simply purified with a 2-step protocol using FLAG-affinity chromatography and gel filtration. This yields highly pure huntingtin samples. Protei


Earth Observation and Climate Processes (EOCP) – Evaluating the Feasibility of Sentinel-2 Data for Drought Stress Detection in Urban Trees Max Gerhards1*, Henning Buddenbaum1, Jessica Friedrichs1, Christian Lindner2 and Frank Knospe2 1 Earth Observation and Climate Processes, Trier University, 54286 Germany 2 Stadt Essen, Amt für Geoinformation, Vermessung und Kataster, Lindenallee 10, 45127 Essen, Germany ‚TreeCop‘: a Pilot Project Urban areas are highly vulnerable to heatwaves, which have direct negative effects on human health and well-being. Urban green and in particular urban trees provide crucial ecosystem services (i.e., shade and cooling, etc.). These services mitigate the negative effects associated with climate change, and thus contribute to the quality of life in our cities and comply with several sustainable development goals (e.g., SDG 3 – good health and well-being, SDG 6 – clean water, SDG 11 – sustainable cities and communities). However, urban trees are also exposed to climate change- related increases in drought stress and tree dieback as a result of heatwaves, leading to a reduction in their ability to provide ecosystem services. Therefore, early detection of drought-stressed trees, in the context of a healthy urban climate and increased climate resilience of cities, is particularly important to ensure the preservation and function of urban greenery through targeted irrigation of stressed trees while conserving drinking water resources. ‘TreeCop’, as a pilot project, evaluates the potential Sentinel-2 imagery for drought monitoring in the city of Essen. Over 40 (rising) in-situ sensors (Fig. 3, left) measuring soil moisture provide a unique validation basis. Examinations on the interactions between Sentinel-2 imagery and in-situ sensors forms a solid base for the development of an optimized small- scale irrigation management system (Fig. 2). First results are very promising: Sentinel-2 data were processed with FORCE on CODE-DE (Fig. 1), areas of potential drought stress could be revealed (Fig. 3, right) and a dashboard containing all in-situ meas. was implemented (Fig. 4). However, various difficulties have been identified that need to be addressed. For example, only mild stress symptoms were observed remotely, since urban trees are well adapted to their habitat and no drought stress occurred in 2021. Luckily ‘TreeCop’ was extended until end of 2022 to study another vegetation period with more and new sensors at non-disturbed locations (i.e., forests) to better understand the correlations between Sentinel-2 imagery and in-situ sensors. References Frantz, D. 2019. Remote Sensing 11 (9): 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091124. Funding: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Raumfahrtmanagement mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI), FKZ: 50EW2010 A & 50EW2010 B Contact: gerhardsm@uni-trier.de, https://www.uni-trier.de/?id=74823 Figure 4: Dashboard containing all in-situ soil moisture measurements and showing their temporal course. 2020-09-19 2020-09-19 Figure 3: ARD Sentinel-2 image Essen with locations of in-situ sensors (left), MSI-difference image (right) – the darker the larger the difference to a non-stressed reference date. Brownish areas indicate potential drought stress. Blue areas are not threatened. Non-vegetated areas are displayed in RGB. in-situ sensors CODE-DE: Analysis Ready Data We utilized FORCE (Framework for Operational Radiometric Correction for Environmental monitoring: Frantz 2019) - an in-house software package designed for mass-processing satellite image archives such as the Sentinel- 2 data stream from the European Copernicus Program as it is available in CODE-DE. A data cube of analysis-ready data (ARD) was created (Fig. 1), holding atmospherically and topographically corrected surface reflectance datasets as nadir BRDF-adjusted bottom-of-atmosphere reflectance (BOA). The reflectance data are accompanied by per-pixel quality inform


Background The Lower–Balonne floodplain system was identified as a priority in the Northern Basin Review process and it was recognised that region-specific knowledge on floodplain vegetation was limited. Consequently a commitment was made to un- dertake research aimed at improving the understanding of the water availability and use by four key floodplain vegetation species (three trees; Coolabah, River red gum and Black box, and a shrub; Lignum) which are common in the Lower–Balonne. This research was done as part of the Australian Government’s Murray-Darling Ba- sin Environmental Water Knowledge and Research (EWKR) project and was con- ducted by Queensland’s Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy (formerly DNRM) and Department of Environment and Science (formerly DSITI). Contact Bill Senior Department of Environment and Science Queensland Government E: bill.senior@des.qld.gov.au Dr Nikki Thurgate Project Coordinator Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems La Trobe University P: + 61 2 60 249690 E: n.thurgate@latrobe.edu.au W: latrobe.edu.au/freshwater- ecosystems Improving the understanding of water availability and use by vegetation of the Lower-Balonne Floodplain The Lower-Balonne floodplain The Lower-Balonne floodplain is a distributary river network within the Condamine- Balonne catchment located between the town of St George in southern Queensland and the Barwon River in northern New South Wales. It is comprised of a complex series of braided channels, floodplains and waterholes. Floodplain vegetation is a key ecosystem component of the Lower-Balonne and relies on permanent and peri- odic flooding, to a greater or lesser extent, depending upon its type and position in the landscape. Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems Fact Sheet


Figure 3 : We present here the log g – Teff diagram for our sample. White dwarfs with He+C, homogeneous He+H and stratified He+H atmospheric compositions are shown in blue, red and green, respectively. The black lines represent hydrogen@deficient evolutionary sequences from Althaus et al. (2009), labeled by stellar mass (in solar masses). We note that almost all carbon@polluted objects have Teff > 60,000 K, which indicates that gravitational settling removes carbon from the atmosphere with cooling. Also, the scatter in log g values increases at Teff > 70,000 K, probably because of the lower sensitivity of He II lines to surface gravity at high temperatures. Furthermore, white dwarfs with stratified atmospheres are all found in the range 50,000 K > Teff > 40,000 K, which corresponds to the hot end of the so@called DB gap (a range in effective temperature, 45,000 K > Teff > 30,000 K, where a significant deficit of helium@rich white dwarfs is observed). Thus, these objects are probably undergoing the DO to DA transition, as residual hydrogen (previously mixed in the envelope) gradually diffuses upward. Finally, one prominent feature of this diagram is the tendency for low log g values at Teff < 50,000 K, which we discuss in the next figure caption. A)Non-LTE)Model)Atmosphere)Analysis)of)Hot,)Hydrogen-Deficient)White)Dwarfs Antoine)Bédard*,)Pierre)Bergeron,)Gilles)Fontaine Université de)Montréal,)*bedard@astro.umontreal.ca White dwarf stars of spectral type DO populate the hot end of the hydrogen-deficient white dwarf cooling sequence. They are characterized by a helium-rich atmosphere, a high effective temperature (Teff > 40,000 K) and a high surface gravity (log g > 7), and thus their spectrum is dominated by broad He II absorption features. Their hydrogen deficiency is thought to result from a so-called born-again evolution, during which a post-AGB star undergoes a late helium-shell flash, bringing the star back to the AGB and causing the remaining hydrogen to be burned or completely mixed in the envelope. In order to further our understanding of hydrogen-deficient white dwarf evolution, we perform a model atmosphere analysis of a large sample of DO stars. Atmospheric parameters are derived by comparing optical spectra to our new grid of non-LTE model atmospheres and synthetic spectra. We also make use of evolutionary sequences to obtain stellar masses and cooling ages. Based on these results, we discuss the physical properties of DO white dwarfs. Figure 1 : This figure shows the best fits to the optical spectra of some DO white dwarfs in our sample (each offset by 0.5), together with the corresponding Teff and log g values. The observed and theoretical spectra are displayed as black and red lines, respectively. Our sample is composed of 103 DO stars observed spectroscopically in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and 14 bright DO stars whose spectra were secured at the Steward Observatory 2.3 m Bok telescope equipped with the Boller & Chivens spectrograph. To analyze these observations, we computed a new grid of non@ LTE, helium@rich model atmospheres and synthetic spectra using the codes TLUSTY and SYNSPEC (Hubeny & Lanz 1995). The best@fitting atmospheric parameters were obtained by first normalizing the observed and model spectra to a continuum set to unity, and then applying a χ2 minimization procedure to these normalized spectra. Figure 2 : This figure is similar to Figure 1, but for some white dwarfs exhibiting distinctive spectral features. 31 objects, such as SDSS J011346.77+002828.6, show traces of carbon. For these stars, the C IV !4658, !5801 and !5812 lines (indicated by thick marks) are simply excluded from the fits. Also, 14 objects, such as SDSS J101355.61–001396.4 and SDSS J003343.05+142251.4, contain hydrogen, either in a homogeneous or stratified configuration. In the former case, we infer the hydrogen abundance by number (NH/NHe), while in the latter case, we constrain the mass of the hydrogen layer floati


The coincident detection the connection between binary neutron (SGRBs) [1]. Given can exploit sample of SGRBs. bursts we of GW 170817 and GRB 170817A cemented gamma-ray waves, star (BNS) mergers and short-duration the low number of BNS mergers detected through gravitational this connection to study BNSs through the much larger distribution [4]. small [2]. [3] distribution The majority of SGRBs are found nearby a galaxy, which is usually deemed as the host if the probability of chance alignment is is very and this these binaries receive a kick to inform BNS properties, or the delay time The offset from the host sometimes large is consistent with the BNSs being the bursts’ progenitors, since at their formation. The host properties and the SGRB offset can be used such as the kick In the following, short with a machine-learning algorithm [5]. bursts recognized as short by older probability of chance alignment. To from HST, thus the the whole sample. observations we employ a sample of gamma-ray bursts classified as This sample is enhanced with other works. We pick as putative host the galaxy with the lowest date, we have analyzed only the hosts with archival results presented cover only a fraction of [1] L13 [2] 56 [3] 190 [4] 5220 [5] L20 [6] 220 [7] 770 [8] 2004 [9] 897 [10] orientations. [11] Abbott B.P., Abbott R., Abbott T.D. et al. 2017, ApJ, 848, Fong W., Berger E., Chornock R. et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, Zevin M., Kelley L.Z., Nugent A. et al. 2020, ApJ, 904, McCarthy K.S., Zheng Z., Ramirez-Ruiz E. 2020, MNRAS, 499, Jespersen C.K., Severin J.B., Steinhardt C.L. et al. 2020, ApJ, 896, Kormendy J., Freeman K.C. 2004, IAUS Thomas J., Saglia R.P., Bender R. et al. 2009, ApJ, 691, Church R.P., Levan A.J., Davies M.B. et al. 2011, MNRAS, 413, Hurley J.R., Tout C.A., Pols O.R. 2002, MNRAS, 329, Bovy J. 2015, ApJS, 216, 29 The assumption of isotropic orientations has been tested for a couple of edge-on late-type host, showing no much difference in the offset distribution w.r.t. those from arbitrary Possible explanations: - got the wrong host - missing dominant - missing part or - accretion star-black hole binaries) missing evolution populations (e.g. neutron of the halo satellite galaxies episodes during the host early-type K-S for host. The test 0.86 late-type hosts, and 0.14 for for F against a uniform distribution gives a p-value of late-type (blue) galaxy. offset Offset distributions as predicted by BNS mergers. Black dots indicate the observed SGRB s (burst ID in brackets). Colours indicate whether the host is an early- (red) or a BNSs? merging uniformly distributed. How to assess the positions of For each burst, offset. be if F should observed offsets were SGRB are consistent with the we take the fraction of merging BNSs within the SGRB If the observed offsets realizations of our synthetic distributions, then F The the the gravitational potential halo. For each host, from host luminosity [6,7]. is reproduced with a logarithmic-profile dark matter relations halo properties are derived through observational scaling The of the of a population single stellar the binary. evolving population merger with times work [8] BSE [9], with BNSs was produced for a previous compute we solar metallicity and a Kroupa IMF. From the code output and the kicks to the barycenter the of to the Binary neutron stars surface brightness and randomly oriented [10]. are randomly seeded into the potential according host galaxy. The initial orbits are assumed circular the The Each binary is merger. projected position possible SGRB offset. Galpy [11] until then kicked, and its orbit is integrated with at the merger is assumed to be a


Wrapping culture plates with Parafilm M® increases Caenorhabditis elegans growth1 Jessica H. Shinn-Thomasa, Sara E. Scangaa, Patrick S. Spicaa, Hardik K. Nariyaa, Emra Klempica,b, Mary R. Brocketta,c aDepartment of Biology, Utica College, Utica, NY; bDivision of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; cDivision of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD. • Parafilm M® is a moisture-resistant thermoplastic commonly used to seal agar media plates for a variety of model organisms. • Minimal research has evaluated the effects Parafilm wrapping could have on these organisms. Recent research in Arabidopsis thaliana cultures demonstrated that growth was affected by Parafilm wrapping and gas exchange may be affected as well (Banerjee et al., 2019, PLOS ONE). • Parafilm is used to seal Nematode Growth Media (NGM) agar plates on which C.elegans is cultured. We aimed to determine if Parafilm wrapping engendered developmental changes in C. elegans by comparing larval growth over 48 hours of animals cultured on Parafilm- wrapped and unwrapped control NGM plates. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS1 For Complete Published Work, Go To: 1Shinn-Thomas, J.H., Scanga, S.E., Spica, P.S. et al. Wrapping culture plates with Parafilm M® increases Caenorhabditis elegans growth. BMC Res Notes 12, 818 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4854-3 A Figure 1. Larval growth over time. Median length (μm) of worms in each treatment group at 0, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h after L1 transfer to plates. Data are displayed as boxplots overlaid with scatterplots of individual worm lengths (open circles) at each time point. Bold line within each box shows median length, and box shows Q3 (upper quartile) and Q1 (lower quartile). n = 39 Parafilm and n = 41 control1 Median (IQR) length (μm) Parafilm Control ΔGrowth 764.25 (39.3) 726.35 (97.3) Growth rate 16.43 (1.3) 15.56 (1.7) • Wrapping culture plates with Parafilm significantly accelerated and increased larval growth, with a 0.87 μm/h increase in growth rate (~ 6%) and a 37.90 μm increase in the change in growth (Δgrowth; ~ 5%) over 48 h. • Investigators of all organisms should be aware that wrapping their experimental cultures with Parafilm may result in statistically detectable changes, such as in growth and possibly other developmental processes. RESULTS1 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS1 Parafilm wrapped one time around the circumference of a NGM culture plate Table 1. Worms in cultures wrapped with Parafilm showed significantly greater Δgrowth (Mann–Whitney U test, W = 472, p = 0.001) and a significantly faster growth rate (Mann– Whitney U test, W = 479, p = 0.002) than worms in the control group. Cohen’s d indicated a moderate impact of Parafilm wrapping on the Δgrowth and growth rate of C. elegans over 48 h (Cohen’s d = 0.75 and d = 0.74 respectively).1


Analýza vybraných charakteristik geriatrické populace v České republice v mezinárodním srovnání PharmDr. Jan Kostřiba, Ph.D.1, PharmDr. Anna Lukačišinová, Ph.D.,2 Pranvera Apostoli, MSc.1, Brkič Jovana, MSc.1, doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D.1, 3 1 Katedra sociální a klinické farmacie, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové, Univerzita Karlova 2 Oddělení hodnocení zdravotnických technologií, Státní ústav pro kontrolu léčiv, Praha 3 Geriatrická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, 1. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova Úvod Podíl seniorů v evropské i světové populaci neustále narůstá. S tímto trendem každoročně roste také počet polymorbidních pacientů s předepsanou polyfarmakoterapií, s omezenými funkčními schopnostmi a geriatrickým syndromem křehkosti. Senioři představují specifickou skupinu populace, která je také náchylnější k různým polékovým reakcím. Ve snaze zvýšit kvalitu a bezpečnost geriatrické preskripce a minimalizovat rizika spojená s užíváním léčiv jsou v Evropě i celosvětově publikována a analyzována data o stárnutí populace v jednotlivých regionech a s tím spojenými charakteristikami a riziky týkajícími se geriatrické populace. Cílem této dílčí analýzy je odhalit a zdůraznit potřebu změn zdravotní a lékové politiky v jednotlivých zemích v kontextu vývoje společnosti jako celku. Metodika V rámci výzkumných projektů EU H2020 “EUROAGEISM” a EU COST Action IS 1402, jejichž společným cílem je zlepšit kvalitu života geriatrické populace, byla v této části práce zabývající se porovnáním a hodnocením demografických, zdravotnických a ekonomických analýz použita data z databází OECD Health Statistics 2019, Evropské komise Eurostat, Českého statistického úřadu a Ústavu zdravotnických informací a statistiky ČR. Výsledky Podíl výdajů na zdravotnictví k HDP vykazuje dlouhodobě v ČR mnohem nižší hodnoty než ostatní srovnávané země. Rovněž nízký podíl soukromých výdajů charakterizuje významný vliv veřejného financování a s ním spojenou důležitostí zodpovědnosti centrálních autorit na racionálním nastavení celého zdravotnického systému. Naděje na dožití při narození nejen v ČR stále roste, důležité je však porovnávat také podíl tzv. roků zdravého života bez zdravotních komplikací. V souvislosti s nízkou porodností dochází ve většině sledovaných zemí ke stárnutí populace a zvyšování podílu geriatrické části obyvatel. Dlouhodobou nemocí nebo zdravotním problémem trpí nadpoloviční většina geriatrické populace, roste i podíl vybraných chronických onemocnění jako je hypertenze či diabetes mellitus. Výsledky reflektují i míru racionality v užívání předepisovaných léčivých přípravků, které je v ČR jedno z nejvyšších v rámci sledovaných zemí. Více než 82 % populace starší 65 let, a dokonce více než 96 % populace starší 75 let užívá nějaké léčivé přípravky na lékařský předpis, přičemž průměr zemí EU je o 10 % nižší. Závěr Parametry geriatrické populace v ČR vykazují řadu společných charakteristik v rámci vyspělých zemí OECD i EU, ale i v rámci těchto srovnání vykazují mnoho specifik, která je třeba reflektovat nejen v individuálních léčebných postupech, ale také v utváření celonárodní zdravotní a lékové politiky. Poděkování Tento projekt vznikl v rámci výzkumných projektů EU H2020 “EUROAGEISM” a EU COST Action IS 1402 podpořených programem Horizon 2020 Evropské komise dle grantové dohody Marie Skłodowska-Curie č. 764632.


SimpliﬁcaƟon of a benthic ecological network in response to climate change stress E CO SY ST E M FU NC TI O N P U O R G T I A R T A N U A F O R C A M E NV IR O N M EN TA L CH AR AC TE RI ST IC S Microphytobenthos Standing Stock Net Oxygen ProducƟon Ammonium Flux Phosphate Flux PredaƟng and Scavenging Worms and Crustaceans Surface Dwelling Crustaceans and Gastropods Suspension and Deposit Feeding Bivalves Deposit Feeding Polychaetes Sediment Grain Size Sediment Porosity Sediment Organic MaƩer Content Sediment Mud Content Oxygen ConsumpƟon E CO SY ST E M FU NC TI O N P U O R G T I A R T A N U A F O R C A M E NV IR O N M EN TA L CH AR AC TE RI ST IC S Microphytobenthos Standing Stock Net Oxygen ProducƟon Ammonium Flux Phosphate Flux PredaƟng and Scavenging Worms and Crustaceans Surface Dwelling Crustaceans and Gastropods Suspension and Deposit Feeding Bivalves Deposit Feeding Polychaetes Sediment Grain Size Sediment Porosity Sediment Organic MaƩer Content Sediment Mud Content Oxygen ConsumpƟon Simon Thomas*, Ines Bartl and Simon Thrush Background Ambient Sediment Network Sea Level Rise + Sediment DeposiƟon Network Microbes Microphytobenthos Macrofauna •InterƟdal benthic sediments produce important ecosystem funcƟons such as nutrient cycling and primary producƟon •This forms an ecological network between the community, the surrounding sediment environment, and the ecosystem funcƟons produced The Problem Microbes Macrofauna Microphytobenthos •Climate change is creaƟng stressors such as sea level rise and terrigenous sediment deposiƟon •These stressors can impact benthic communiƟes, altering ecological networks and reducing resilience Sediment deposiƟon Sea level rise Sea level rise •In situ mesocosms •Convert interƟdal to subƟdal Sediment DeposiƟon •Collect sediment from catchment •Deposit 3mm layer SimulaƟng Climate Change Stress Research Aim Assess changes in benthic ecological network architecture in response to combined sea level rise and terrigenous sediment deposiƟon Node Type Environmental CharacterisƟc Ecosystem FuncƟon Macrofauna Species Group Number of ConnecƟons Strength of ConnecƟon 10% 30% 50% 70% 90% 0 1 2 3 4 5 Legend Results • Networks were built using mulƟple regression models for each funcƟon • We observed simpliﬁcaƟon of the network in response to stress • SimpliﬁcaƟon refers to a reducƟon in the number of nodes present in the network, the number of connecƟons between nodes, and overall network model strength • This represents a loss of resilience, and further stress could push the ecosystem to a Ɵpping point Network Metric Ambient Sediment Sea level Rise + Sediment DeposiƟon Number of Nodes 13 7 Number of ConnecƟons 15 8 Network Strength (average model adjusted R2 value) 0.86 0.35 +


esciencecenter.nl Powered by pioneering software TaxoTagger Cunliang Geng1, Sonja Georgievska1, Duong Vu2 1Netherlands eScience center, 2Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute ⚡ Conduct efﬁcient semantic searches for precise results 🚀 Build vector databases from DNA sequences with ease 🛠 Extend support for custom embedding models effortlessly 🌐 Interact seamlessly through a user-friendly web app TaxoTagger is an open-source Python library for DNA taxonomy identiﬁcation, powered by deep learning and semantic search 👉 Try the webapp demo at http://mycoai.org http://mycoai.org


Visit www.europepmc.org Follow @EuropePMC_news Contact helpdesk@europepmc.org Get in touch Public peer review landscape What is possible How to get there Recommendations ●Good quality metadata ●Common taxonomies ●Linking persistent identiﬁers (PIDs) ●Centralised resources ●Community buy-in What is missing ●Consistent metadata ﬁelds cross-methods ●Complete metadata in machine readable format ●Convergence on sentiment ratings Improving public peer review accessibility and reuse Melissa Harrison Europe PMC, EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK Europe PMC perspective Peer review information in Europe PMC What is on the Europe PMC roadmap Growth in open peer review materials Peer reviews were added as a Crossref content type in Nov 2017. As of Apr 2022 there are ~250,000 peer reviews registered with Crossref DOIs. The majority of peer review providers* are publishers, many of whom use the Publons peer review platform. * A list of publishers that provide open peer review materials is collated from various sources: (1) Publishers that register Crossref DOIs for ‘peer-review’ content type. (2) Publishers that provide publications with ‘peer review’ section in PMC XML. (3) Publishers listed in the following publications: Beck J, Funk K, Harrison M, et al. Publishing peer review materials. F1000research 7:1655 (2018); Wolfram, D., Wang, P., Hembree, A. et al. Open peer review: promoting transparency in open science. Scientometrics 125, 1033–1051 (2020). Europe PMC ●User research: what information about peer reviews do readers want to see? ●Investigate DocMaps and Sciety: what material can we retrieve and display? ●Investigate Crossref and DataCite: what metadata can we retrieve and display? Centralised sources Ways to share peer review materials There are a variety of ways publishers are exposing journal article peer reviews (see below)*. Additionally, there is a great diversity in approaches even within a single route, for example using content types other than ‘peer-review’ when registering DOIs with Crossref. Preprint peer reviews There are at least 30 organisations** conducting peer review of preprints. These evaluations are being distributed in various ways, including as overlay journals. A little under half are included in Sciety, an aggregator of preprint peer reviews, and just over a quarter register DOIs. ** A list of preprint peer review platforms that provide open preprint review reports or comments is collated from https://reimaginereview.asapbio.org/ and https://sciety.org/ websites. Type ●Recommendations ●Reviews ●Comments ●Author response Contributors ●Author/ORCID ●Institution/ROR ●Role (reviewer, author, editor) ●Journal/platform/community Timeline ●Date of review/response ●Version applicable ●VoR publication Sentiment ●Recommend ●Recommend with suggested revisions ●Refute/Disavowal ●Peer review status for preprints from open research platforms is indicated. ●Preprints and journal articles in Europe PMC are linked to peer reviews from external sources. Review links are displayed in a dedicated section on the preprint page. ●Search option for preprints with links to reviews is provided via Advanced search. Complete machine readable metadata for peer review materials Metadata and links to reviews available from a small set of centralised sources enables Europe PMC to retrieve the information and display it consistently across all content indexed. ●Global, open, free resource for life science literature ●Partner of PubMed Central USA ●Repository of choice for 37 international funders Publications and preprints in Europe PMC are linked to additional resources: Protocols and materials Citations Author’s ORCIDs Underlying data Peer reviews Funding information


Bees for the Future A. Freitas1, C. Ferreira1, C. Campanário1, F. Freitas1, students from 10.º2, 10.º4 and CEF611 1Escola Secundária Jaime Moniz, Funchal, Portugal Abstract In the academic year 2018/2019, students from Escola Secundária Jaime Moniz studied the importance of bees for the future using digital tools, platforms and a simulator that represented the influence of the increase or decrease of flowers to the bee population and the other way around. They also established collaboration with their community to research their level of awareness, to collect knowledge from experts and to analyze the health of the bee population in their island. For this, they collected information in a series of forms, which they shared in the Globallab platform with students from other parts of the world, gaining awareness of the relevance of problems at local and global levels. In the process, students visited a honey producer and organized a conference with the beekeeper. In the end, each group of students created a final product to present to the educational community, raising awareness of the problem studied. The products created were posters, leaflets, models, games, beds of honey plants, hives and hotels for bees. Keywords Bees; biodiversity; biosphere; ecosystem; honey.


Parental and Peer Influences on Adolescent Smoking Initiation 1 Kuang Hock Lim1, Pei Pei Heng1, Hui Li Lim2, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali1, Yoon Ling Cheong1, Chee Cheong Kee3, Chien Huey Teh1, Balvinder Singh Gill1, Jia Hui Lim 4 1. Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia 2. Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bharu, Ministry of Health Malaysia 3. Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health,Ministry of Health Malaysia. 4. Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan,47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan P. 59 NMRR NO:12-1210-12399 INTRODUCTION: • The smoking habit is learnt and initiated in adolescence. Among daily smokers, over 85% attempted first cigarette at age of 18 ; almost 65% began smoking regularly by the same age 1. • Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey in 2015 reported that 70% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18 2 . • Ample studies have documented that parents and peers are dominant factors contribute to smoking initiation among adolescents 3 . • This study aimed to determine the actual causation factors of smoking initiation among non-smoking school-going adolescents METHDOLOGY: • Study Design: Prospective Cohort • Study Population: Non-smoking secondary school-going adolescents of form 1 (13 years), form 2 (14 years) and form 4 (16 years) • Study Location: Kota Tinggi district, Johor. • Sampling: Multistage, proportionate to size and cluster sampling . Respondents were followed-up for one year. • Measures: Dependent variable -> smoking status at follow-up (Smoked at least once in past 30 days identified as current smokers). Independent variables -> ―Number of best friends who smoke‖ (0, 1-5), and ―parent(s) smoking status‖ (Yes/No). • Data analysis: Descriptive analysis and Multivariable Logistic Regression was employed to determine the associated factors. RESULTS: Out of the 1682 non-smoking respondents at baseline, a total of 1282 (74.1%) participated at follow-up. Approximately 1 in 10 non-smoking Malaysian youth initiate smoking after a period of one year. Factors significantly associated with smoking initiation (Univariate Analysis) Risk of Smoking Initiation (Multivariable Analysis) Male ( Female as reference) 95% CI (2.93-12.95) Lower secondary (Upper secondary as reference) 95% CI (1.05-2.93) Smoking Parent/s 95% CI (1.06-2.95) DISCUSSION: • This was the first study to determine the factors influencing smoking initiation among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia. • About 1 in 10 non-smoking Malaysian youth initiated smoking after one year, which is higher than the 5% and 7% among cohorts reported in Portugal 4. • Smoking parent/s was more likely to influence smoking initiation among non-smoking adolescents, which was in consistent with the study among Taiwanese youth 5 that concluded that parents were the dominant role models for the smoking habit development among children. Parents who smoke in front of children indirectly provide the impression that smoking is a normative behaviour among adults.6 This positive finding also lends support to Bandura’s Cognitive Social Theory which posits that we tend to adopt behaviours that we learn from observing others, especially our role models for whom we have much respect such as our parents/guardians. • Our study found insignificant influence of peers on smoking initiation, in-line with several studies conducted overseas 7, which was contrary to several systematic review on longitudinal studies reporting causal-relationship between peer smoking and smoking initiation and non-smoking youth 8 . However, the influence of peers should be tested in more future studies. CONCLUSION: • The study revealed that parental influence was more dominant than peer influence with regards to smoking initiation. • Therefore, intervention program should involve parents/guardians to enhance the success rate and reduce the incidence of smoking among non-smoking schoo


Spectral Interleaving with Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs Michele Gianella1, Akshay Nataraj1, Béla Tuzson1, Filippos Kapsalidis2, Mattias Beck2, Stéphane Schilt3, Thomas Südmeyer3, Jérôme Faist2, Andreas Hugi4, Lukas Emmenegger1 1. Laboratory for Air Pollution / Environmental Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 2. Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland 3. Laboratoire Temps-Fréquence, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland 4. IRsweep AG, Laubisrütistrasse 44, CH-8712 Stäfa, Switzerland Introduction Frequency combs based on quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) provide direct access to the mid-infrared spectral range, where the strong and characteristic rovibrational absorption bands of many molecules are located. For gas-phase spectroscopy, however, the large comb spacing (5-15 GHz) of these devices – much larger than the absorption lines of simple molecules at atmospheric pressure or below – is problematic. Phase-sensitive, dual-comb configuration. Free-running QCL frequency comb FC1 (sample comb) probes the sample; FC2 serves to produce multi-heterodyne beat note signals on pho- todetectors, giving access to all optical frequencies simulta- neously, no moving parts required (Fig. 1). Multi-heterodyne beat note signal. Comb lines from FC1 (ν1j) and FC2 (ν2j) produce beat notes (fj= ν1j- ν2j) in measured photocurrent. Sample attenuation and phase shift at ν1j are encoded in beat note amplitude ratio at fj (Fig. 2). Spectral interleaving Spectral resolution of frequency comb measurements is generally limited by the line width of the comb lines (<1 MHz). Spectral sampling period is given by the comb frequency spacing (5-15 GHz typically) and can be reduced by continuous (or step-wise) shift of the frequen- cy comb spectrum (through current modulation) and interleaving (Fig. 3). Demonstration: Methane (CH4) absorption and phase-shift spectrum (at 100 mbar) measured in 120 ms (Fig. 4). Linear trend in phase due to gas cell windows. Spectral resolution: 0.001 cm-1 (30 MHz). Coverage: up to 25 cm-1. Fig. 1. Phase-sensitive dual-comb configuration. Fig. 2. Left: Multi-heterodyne beat note signals generated by the two combs, FC1 and FC2, with and without sample (polypropylene foil in this example). Right: derived transmission spectrum. Fig. 3. Spectral interleaving by continuous or step-wise tuning of the (discrete) frequencies of the comb. Fig. 4. Transmission and phase-shift spectrum of pure methane shown between 1208 and 1221 cm-1 (100 mbar, 25°C, 14 cm path length). The different colours correspond to the range covered by individual comb lines. Applications Potential applications include mid-infrared spectroscopy requiring: - high spectral resolution (<0.001 cm-1) - broadband coverage (>20 cm-1) - 100 ms time resolution (10 ms should be possible with 0.001 cm-1 resolution) Comb line frequencies of free-running sample comb (FC1) are given by 𝜈1𝑗(𝑡) = 𝜈1 0(𝑡) + 𝑗∙Δ𝜈1(𝑡) 𝜈1 0: offset frequency 𝑡: time (laser current) 𝑗: comb line number Δ𝜈1: comb line spacing Fig. 5. Zoom-in of shaded region in Fig. 4 after etalon removal. Examples • time-resolved breath analysis • gas-phase reaction kinetics • … Funding: Swiss National Science Foundation, Bridge Discovery program, Grant 20B2-1_176584 References A. Hugi, G. Villares, S. Blaser, H. C. Liu, and J. Faist, “Mid-infrared frequency comb based on a quantum cascade laser,” Nature 492, 229–233 (2012). G. Villares, A. Hugi, S. Blaser, and J. Faist, “Dual-comb spectroscopy based on quantum-cascade-laser frequency combs,” Nature Communications 5, 1–3 (2014).


Myco-Materials: An Investigation Into the Properties and Applications of Mycelium-based Composites Emaline Ouellette, Keira Reidy, Chase McDivitt, Nick Ascione, Nelson Mathis, Ryan Collins Advisors: Dorlan Curtis Jr., Gustav Wellin, Allan Jones Introduction Results Discussion Literature Cited Acknowledgements At The Island School, mycology-based research has focused on the cultivation of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) to model sustainable agriculture and biomaterial production in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Due to large scale importation of food and goods, as well as agricultural residues, there are widely available substrates for mushroom production such as cardboard, banana straw, and coffee grounds. Mushrooms are a climate resilient food source as they can be grown indoors under controlled conditions (light, temperature, relative humidity), and are less impacted by drought or reduced rainfall. This research studied the ability of Phoenix Oyster mushrooms spawn myceliate various forms of locally available biomass in order to produce food and novel myco-materials. By varying substrate-fungi combinations, it resulted in different final material properties in the myco-composites. SPULP performance, as a myco-composite, under compression, flammability, and moisture retention tests show equal or superior results when compared to other myco-composites such as SBSTRW or COF. In the flammability tests, SCARD performed the best; it only lost 7 grams of mass after 120 seconds of exposure to flame. COF performance in moisture retention the best in water retention as it only absorbed about 25 grams of water. In compression tests, SPULP performed the best, experiencing zero displacement under Attias, N., & Danai, O., & Tarazi, E., & Idan, P., & Grobman, Y. J. (2019). Implementing bio-design tools to develop mycelium-based products. The Design Journal, 22(sup1), pp.1647-1657. Girometta, C., & Picco, A. M., & Baigeura, R. M., & Dondi, D., & Babbini, S., & Cartabia, M., & Pellegrini, M., & Savino, E. (2019). Physico-Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Mycelium-Based Biocomposites: A Review. Sustainability, 11(281) Karana, E., Blauwhoff, D., Hultink, E. -J., & Camere, S. (2018). When the material grows: A case study on designing (with) mycelium-based materials. International Journal of Design, 12(2), 119-136. Tarko, D. B., & Sirna, A. M. (2018). Substrate optimization for cultivation of Pleurotus osteatus on lignocellulosic wastes (coffee, sawdust, and sugarcane bagasse) in Mizan- Tepi University, Tepi Campus, Tepi Town. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, Vol. 6(04), pp. 14-11) Dorlan Curtis Jr., Gustav Wellin, Allan Jones, Ruben Gomez, The Tingum, Chores Team, Alexis Saunders, The Farm Team, The Island School, CEI, The Ray Dalio Foundation The fundamental questions of this research project were what are the material properties of different substrate-fungi combinations and how can we utilize MDD to create furniture from mycelium-based composites? The research objectives are: 1) To pilot mycelium-based composite research utilizing locally available substrates 2) To produce novel and exotic materials for eco-conscious designers 3) To model sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture with cultivation of edible mushrooms. Research Rational Growing Myco-Composites and Edible Mushrooms Substrates were prepared and pasteurized in 80-100°C water for 60 minutes, and were then inoculated with 10% by weight (w/w) of Phoenix Oyster mushroom spawn and 5% w/w flour or cornstarch as a growth supplement. The inoculated substrates were mixed and packed into either fruiting bags, for edible mushroom cultivation, or a grow design mold for myco-composite production. The fruiting bags and grow molds were then incubated in the dark/low light and 65% relative humidity (RH) for 4-5 weeks to allow the mycelium to colonize the substrates. After the incubation period, the fruiting bags were placed in a fruiting chamber for 2-3 week


Using Tablets to Assess Working Memory Capacity in School Settings Kaisa Kanerva1, Ilkka Kiistala2, Noona Kiuru2 1University of Helsinki and 2University of Jyv¨askyl¨a kaisa.kanerva@helsinki.fi Introduction Working memory (WM) refers to simultaneous storage and processing of information during an ongo- ing task (Baddeley, 2002). Capacity of domain-general central executive component is not sufﬁciently assessed by simple span tasks, such as digit span. • Complex span tasks (e.g., Reading span task, (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980)) WM deﬁcits are observed in broad cognitive impairments, such as SLI and childhood aphasia, and also in genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome (verbal WM) and Williams syndrome (visuo- spatial WM) (Majerus & Van der Linden, 2013). • WM deﬁcits are common in different learning difﬁculties such as dyslexia and dyscalculia • Individual differences in WM capacity are related to academic achievement and scholastic skills, and to children’s classroom behavior (Gathercole, Lamont, & Alloway, 2006) WM is assessed using different types of tasks and batteries: • Standard paper-and-pencil tests, behavioral ratings (WMRS), computerized test batteries (AWMA) • Commonly used WM tasks are Complex Span tasks (Reading Span task, Counting Span task), backward span tasks (Digit Span task) Figure 1: On level three of the Counting span task, the subjects were presented with series like the one shown here followed by a screen asking how many circles were displayed. Why tablet tasks? • Self-reliant group testing allows large sample sizes and screening • Computer-paced WM tasks are better predictor of cognitive performance than self-paced WM tasks (McCabe, 2010) • Reaction times are more realistic when no mouse is needed • However, there can be distraction, noise and technical problems in a classroom during assessment Main Objectives The aims of the study were to develop self-reliant WM tasks for tablet and to examine (i) the process of using tablets in WM assessment in a classroom in a research setting and (ii) the quality of the developed WM tasks as assessment tools • Predictive validity: tasks’ relationships with scholastic achievement scores • Concurrent validity: the tasks’ relationships with each other and individual WM performance • The reported distraction in the classroom during the testing • The effect of class on WM performance Methods This study is part of a broader Tikapuu research project which will be reported elsewhere. Participants • A total of 705 sixth grade (12-year-old) children from 53 classes in 30 schools (63 testing sessions) • Subsample of 190 children in individual testing (Digit Span reported here) • In a testing session there were from 9 to 30 children (mean group size = 18 pupils) WM span tasks for tablet • Counting Span task (Figure 1), Reading Span task Academic Achievement • Grade Point Average, Math test, Literacy test Individually administered STM/WM tasks (N = 190˜) • Digit Span Forward and Digit Span Backward Figure 2: Tablet carrying case and charging station 30 tablets with the experiment application installed were used in 63 testing sessions. To ensure the devices could be used in the sessions without interruption their battery needed to be charged every night. A carrying case was built for the tablets (Figure 2). To ensure no data was lost, the data logs were copied from the tablets by a Raspberry Pi computer into a ﬂash drive. Tablets used in testing were Samsung Tab 3 (GT-P5210) devices. They were running Android 4.2.2 with minimal set of features turned on. For example, no network connection was needed during the tasks. The tasks were run on top of OpenSesame Runtime for Android (version 2.8.3). The tasks were designed with OpenSesame, an open-source experiment builder (Mathˆot, Schreij, & Theeuwes, 2012). Results CountingSpan ReadingSpan Literacy Math FluidIntelligence ReadingSpan 0.41*** Literacy 0.41*** 0.45*** Math 0.46*** 0.33*** 0.43*** FluidIntelligence 0.39*** 0.32*** 0.26***


Lotte Wilms, Andreas Degkwitz, Caleb Derven, Marian Lefferts, Kirsty Lingstadt, Liam O’Dwyer, Demmy Verbeke & Digital Humanities and Digital Cultural Heritage WG Participants 56 participants - 54 institiutions - 20 countries Full report available at doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3247286 3. Select youractivitieswisely Libraries are most active in data capture, creation and storage. Build on your (collection) strengths to decide what works best for you. 1. Createa goal or visionforyourlibrary A defined framework clarifies your goal and manages expectations of partners. Set up your organisation with enough resources to make sure you can also reach this goal. 2. Measureyourimpact Identify early on how you will measure your achievements and impact. This will help you define what works well and what needs to be re-evaluated. 4. Reflectthefull breadthof yourcollections By broadening your scope to the full width of your collection your DH offering can be strengthened. Work from your strenghts and make access as easy as possible. 5. Have confidencein yourexpertise As the creator of your digital collections, you are the expert. Your are therefore the ideal partner, as you know what has been digitised, how it’s been digitised, what licenses apply, what works well and what probably wouldn’t. Strengthening the position of libraries as partner in DH will be a a core theme for the WG for the next two years. 6. Involveallyourcolleagues, notjusttheobviousones DH activities are most succesful if they are supported by a large number of library staff. Work together to build your skills and ideas. 7. Collaborate, collaborate, collaborate! Building your network in DH is crucial, as collaboration is key. Once you have defined your goals and activities go out and disseminate your data, your team and you ideas. Special thanks to Friedel Grant for the design of all graphs, tables and the word cloud. We also wish to thank all contributors and our WG’s members for their input.


Task Area Infrastructure Operations: Integration und Koordination der Text+ Infrastrukturentwicklung und Vernetzung mit der NFDI STRUKTUR VON TEXT+ AUFGABEN VON IO IO ist für die Integration und Koordination der Infrastruktur- entwicklung von Text+ verantwortlich – auch mit Blick auf die NFDI insgesamt – und arbeitet eng mit den drei Datendomänen zusammen. Die Aufgaben sind in Maßnahmen entlang der FAIR-Prinzipien strukturiert. Hinzu kommen Communityaktivitäten und Software Services. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit kommt den AGs sowie den folgenden Themen zu: • Werkzeuge für die interne Projektarbeit (z.B. Cloud, Projektmanagement, Instant Messaging) und für den Austausch mit den Text+-Communities (z.B. Webportal, Helpdesk) • Interoperabilität von Angeboten und Diensten (Data Services, Community Activities, Software Services) • Cross Domain-Topics mit den drei Datendomänen, insbesondere im Rahmen von AGs (z.B. AG Registry) • Anschlussfähigkeit zu anderen NFDI-Angeboten, insbesondere zur Gruppe der geistes- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Konsortien und Konsortialinitiativen mit NFDI4Culture, NFDI4Memory und NFDI4Objects. Das NFDI-Konsortium Text+ für sprach- und textbasierte Forschungsdaten adressiert derzeit drei Datendomänen: Sammlungen, Lexikalische Ressourcen und Editionen. Dazu kommen zwei datendomänenübergreifende Arbeitsbereiche: Administration sowie Infrastruktur/Betrieb, kurz IO. INTEGRATION und KOORDINATION Eine wesentliche Herausforderung wissenschaftlicher Forschungsdateninfrastrukturen liegt • in der Vermittlung zwischen Anforderungserhebung und Angebotsentwicklung und • in der Abwägung zwischen der Nutzung/Adaption von bestehenden Lösungen und der Konzeption von neuen Lösungen. Idealerweise gelingt ein Match zwischen den – oftmals vielfältigen – fachwissen- schaftlichen Anforderungen einerseits sowie den zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen und insbesondere bereits vorhandenen Komponenten, Methoden und Standards andererseits. Text+ Community Data Domains Task Area IO NFDI NFDI- Sektionen Metadata & Common Infrastructure Das NFDI-Konsortium Text+ wird gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) unter der Projektnummer 460033370. Kontakt: textplus-operations-office@lists.gwdg.de Poster: Task Area Infrastructure Operations: Integration und Koordination der Text+ Infrastrukturentwicklung und Vernetzung mit der NFDI Inhalt: Text+ Infrastructure Operations Partner Verantwortlich : Stefan Buddenbohm (0000-0002-3469-6101), Andreas Henrich (0000-0002-5074-3254), Alexander Steckel (0000-0001-7066-1734), Regine Stein (0000-0003-3406-5104) Lukas Weimer (0000-0001-6919-3646 Event: Infrastructure/Operations für das Text+ Plenary 2022, 12./13. September 2022, Mannheim Text+ ist Teil der Measure AGs (Stand: 9/22) Wen kann ich ansprechen? M1 Findability FCS, Text+ Registry, NFDI-Sektion Metadata, Provenance and Terminologies AG Search and Harvesting Thomas Eckart, Tobias Gradl, Gerhard Heyer, Oliver Schonefeld M2 Accessibility NFDI-Sektion Common Infrastructure AGs: Identity and Access Management, Longterm Archiving and Access, Persistent Identifier George Dogaru, Stefan E. Funk, Bernd Schlör, Tobias Steinke M3 Interoperability and Re-Usability LOD, GND-Agentur, NFDI-Sektion Common Infrastructure AG Data Integration, NFDI- Sektion Metadata, Provenance and Terminologies AGs: Cookbooks, Guidance and Best Practices, Terminology Services and Semantic Interoperability Susanne Al-Eryani, Marie Annisius, Stefan Buddenbohm, Barbara Fischer, Eva-Maria Gerstner, Tobias Gradl, Andreas Henrich, Jürgen Kett, Uwe Sikora, Regine Stein M4 Community Activities Helpdesk, Webportal, Kommunikationsstrategie Stefan Buddenbohm, Sonja Friedrichs, Melina Jander, Alexander Steckel, Annika Wienert M5 Software Services Software Development, NFDI-Sektion Common Infrastructure AG RSE George Dogaru, Tibor Kálmán, Philipp Wieder Leitung: Regine Stein (SUB Göttingen), Andreas Henrich (Universität Bamberg), TA-Koordination: Stefan Buddenbohm (SUB Göttingen) Qu


Visit the reference links What is Bioethics? Bioethics refers to ethical, social and legal issues raised in medicine and biological researches. Bioethics is concerned with fair and equal consideration for human rights, animal rights, and the environment. Bioethics is the combination of biological knowledge and human values. Principles of bioethics provide a general framework for ethical analysis while using human object resource: 1) Individual autonomy (the ability of participants to make decisions for themselves) 2) Beneficence (the obligation to “do good” for the participants); 3) Nonmaleficence (the obligation to avoid causing harm to the participants) 4) Justice (the value of distributing benefits and burdens fairly). Background The term „bioethics‟ was first introduced by Van Rensselaer Potter in 1971. The great demand for medical ethics was understood in reaction to some negative events, such as the research experiments on human subjects committed by the Nazis. Medical ethics (ethical issues in health care) Research ethics (ethical issues while conducting research) Environmental ethics (ethical issues regarding the relationship between human activities and the environment) Public health ethics (ethical issues in public health) Bioethics When do I need animal ethics approval? Performing the scientific procedures including killing, handling, affecting the habitat of, or otherwise interacting with an animal always requires animal ethics approval. Even observational studies may require animal ethics approval. In determining whether approval is required, consider whether any aspect of the life or death of the animal would be affected by the scientific activity. The Declaration of Helsinki (DoH) was first adopted at the 1964 WMA General Assembly in Helsinki. Its main focus was the responsibilities of researchers for the protection of research subjects. At present, National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) have ethics rules for funded researchers. Human cloning Body modification Gene Therapy Institutional Review Board Many institutions (e.g. BSMMU, BAU, IUB) of Bangladesh have Institutional Review Board (IRB). IRB is a committee that approve, monitor and review all types of research that include human and animal. National Research Ethics Committee (NREC) and Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) are governmental and non governmental IRBs of Bangladesh respectively. Conclusion Researchers must be aware of ethical issues if they use living organism in research works. Soaibur Rahman, Rajabul Islam Kamol, Debajit Ghosh, Reduan Raihan, Ashraful Mia, Tanbir Ahammed Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, East West University References https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/index.cfm https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis https://www.iep.utm.edu/bioethic/#SH2a https://www.who.int/ethics/Ethics_basic_concepts_ENG.pdf https://staff.unimelb.edu.au/research/ethics-integrity/animal-ethics/FAQs/when- do-i-need-animal-ethics-approval Are you doing research on living organism? You must know Bioethics


2021_OSC: Poster Abstract Poster title: "Small but sustainable? Scholar-led journals and open access” Project team: Christian Katzenbach (HIIG), Frédéric Dubois (HIIG), Patrick Urs Riechert (HIIG), Marcel Wrzesinski (HIIG), Nicole Waidlein (ZBW) Cooperating institutions: Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG), ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics Abstract: In Germany, stakeholders favour a few strategies to foster open access transformation: Library consortia negotiate (national) licensing models with major publishers; infrastructural service providers focus on flipping journals and therefore cater to the needs of renowned publishing projects. At the same time, for public research funding academic reputation (still) seems a key criterion. In doing so, major advantages of electronic publishing and bibliodiversity are given away, which include supporting innovative publication projects (inter-/transdisciplinary contexts, non-profit models, publications focusing on emerging topics, peripheral-local publication initiatives, small-subject-based initiatives) and developing new publication formats, tools and workflows (community-based and cooperative). The project “Innovative Open Access in Small Sciences (InnOAccess)” (June 2019 - February 2021; funded by the DFG) responds to these challenges by analysing the market of scholar-led, non-APC journals in Germany, developing reusable technical workflows for smaller publishing projects and testing new, interlocking financing models. One section of the poster features the results of a survey (sample size = 101) on the state of scholar-led, non-APC journals in Germany: How are they governed, staffed and funded? What are the budgetary options? Here it became clear, for example, that one-size-fits-all solutions do not work, mainly because publication cultures are as different as their publishing institutions. Particularly publishing projects beyond university infrastructures seem to have found creative financing opportunities and technical solutions from which the field of scholar-led-publishing as a whole can profit. The poster furthermore outlines, based on the findings of the survey and a systematic evaluation of existing business models, how technical workflows and a modular approach to journal financing contributes to sustainable publishing. This includes a streamlined journal workflow based on open source applications, emphasising cooperative practices and using community-based know-how. Addressing the precarious funding situation of scholar-led, non-APC journals, the poster introduces a set of financing opportunities that have been tested and are deemed manageable with regard to the needs and administrative capacities of this journal segment. In total, the poster sheds light on the precarious situation of scholar-led journals in Germany, emphasizes their importance for the open access ecosystem and offers insights on how to improve their situation in a practical fashion.


70 80 90 100 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 Temperature of the die (°C) Time (min) Adaptation of pelletizing conditions to a set of agricultural waste from Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire This study has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under Grant Agreement no 101000762 for the Bio 4 Africa project. B. RABDEAU1, M. CAMPARGUE1, L. G. NDIAYE2, B. K. YAO3, C. BROU3, O. BEDZO4, P. ROUSSET5, K. TYBIRK6, G. JANNOT1, J.M. COMMANDRE5, C. DUPONT7 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1RAGT Energie, 2UASZ Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, 3INP-HB Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouet-Biogny, 4Celignis Limited, 5CIRAD UR114 BioWooEB, 6Food & Bio Cluster Denmark A.S, 7IHE Delft Institute for Water Education Under-exploited agricultural by-product Palm seed shells (a) Cashew nut shells (b) Peanut shells (c) Millet stalks (d) Cocoa pods (e) Raw physical properties not adapted to their final use High moisture content Not stabilized Low bulk density Inadequate particle size Not homogenous Potential applications Clean energy production Clean cooking Animal feeding production Soil amendment production Need to densify/pelletize What are the best pelletizing conditions and adaptations ? Material and methods Feedstock selection Drying at 40°C Shredding at 10mm Grinding at 3mm Mixing during 20min Pelletizing at 6mm : Moisture content (12-16%) Compression ratio (5-14) Characterisation of biomasses Physical (moisture content, bulk density, particle size distribution) Thermochemical (ash content, heating value, volatile matter) Chemical (fixed carbon, C, H, O, N, S, Cl, metals and macromolecules) Characterisation of pellets Fines content (%) Mechanical durability (%) Bulk density (kg/m3) Pellet length & diameter (mm) 30 Pelletizing trials : iterative steps in order to optimize pellet quality Cooling Photos of different pellets produced with peanut shells 16% 14% 16% 12% Moisture content 8 9 5 5 Compression ratio 6% 10% 25% 40% Fines (lower is better) 95,5% 81,3% 83,7% 43% Mec. dura. (higher is better) 696 kg/m3 680 kg/m3 675 kg/m3 588 kg/m3 Bulk density (600-750 kg/m3) Purpose Biomasses tested during the study Flat-die pellet mill used for the trials (3kW-KAHL) Preliminary results Photos of the best pellets obtained for four biomasses Cocoa pods Millet stalks Peanut shells Palm seed shells Biomass 14% 13,5% 16% 12% Moisture content 10 6,5 8 12 Compression ratio 99,2% 98,8% 95,5% 88,1% Mec. dura. 741 kg/m3 703 kg/m3 696 kg/m3 733 kg/m3 Bulk density Findings about pelletizing trials Best pelletizing conditions can be determined through iterative pelletizing trials Adequate combinations of moisture content and compression ratio differ greatly between biomasses : the quantity of water to add and the pellet mill die have to be adapted for each biomass Cashew nut shells : pellets with poor physical quality due to its high oil content Palm seed shells and peanut shells : promising results but can be improved Millet stalks and cocoa pods : adequate pellet quality with different pelletizing conditions Conclusion Observations : Adequate pellet quality results have been achieved for millet stalks and cocoa pods but it can be improved for the others. Prospects : potential ways to improve pellet quality in future trials Use of different pelletizing binders Blending of different biomasses together Pelletizing trials on pyrolyzed biomasses Power curves and die temperature during pelletizing trials of 5kg Peanut shells Cocoa pods 0 1 2 3 4 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 Power (kW) Time (min) Palm seed shells Millet stalks


We identified a range of perceived challenges encountered while undertaking WPBA with suggested solutions from the trainees including earlier provision of tailored support, enhanced educational supervision, more time to complete learning logs and sensitivity to culture and disability at all levels of training. The solutions are aimed at supporting and overcoming potential challenges to undertaking WPBA during GP speciality training. As this was a retrospective study with trainees’ experiences spanning years, some of the suggested changes or interventions may already be in place. Experiences of General Practice trainees undertaking Workplace Based Assessments who have received a developmental outcome at their Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP) SAPC 52nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Bristol 3-5 July 2024 Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners (MRCGP) is awarded when a UK doctor has satisfactorily completed specialty training for general practice. Workplace Based Assessment (WPBA) is one of the tripos of the integrated assessment system. Trainees are required to provide evidence of learning and professional development which is recorded in the Portfolio which is assessed at an Annual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP) panel. Trainees are awarded an ARCP Outcome at panel: •Outcomes 1 and 6 reflect satisfactory progress in achieving the required capabilities for the stage of training as defined in the curriculum/all competencies to complete training. •Outcomes 2 and 3 reflect development of specific capabilities is required, without or with additional training time. Over the past four years there has been an increase in the number of outcome 2s and 3s awarded. We explored experiences of GP Trainees undertaking WPBA to understand their experiences including perceptions of why they felt they had been awarded an Outcome 2 or 3. The Approach Authors: Dr Joseph Akanuwe1, Dr Julie Pattinson1, Dr Sureyya Sonmez Efe2, Dr Kim Emerson3, Dr Andrew Wright3, Dr Shahid Merali3, Dr Bryony Sales3, Tom Anstey3, Dr Attiya Khan3, Prof A. Niroshan Siriwardena1,3 1. Community and Health Research Unit, University of Lincoln 2. School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lincoln, 3. Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Results Design We used a qualitative design and an inductive approach employing Systematic Grounded Theory which employed a set of inductive methods to inform theory development and results. Recruitment and Participants We recruited a purposive sample of 20 GPSTs of different abilities, stages of training and demographic characteristics that had a previous ARCP outcome of 2 or 3. The RCGP were gatekeepers and advertised the study through their e-portfolio. This was enhanced by a snowballing technique, with participants already identified, serving as key informants to recruit further eligible participants to the study. Ethical approval The study was given ethical approval by the University of Lincoln Research Ethics Committee. Interviews and analysis Participants contacted the researchers via e mail to express interest, receive further information and give informed consent. The researcher arranged interviews online Via Teams. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews lasting 40-70 mins. Interviews were recorded by Dictaphone, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a grounded theory approach facilitated by NVivo 14 software. Data collection and analysis stopped when data saturation was reached. The Problem Conclusion Funding acknowledgement This abstract presents independent research commissioned by the RCGP. The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the RCGP. Contact: Dr Joseph Akanuwe Email: jakanuwe@Lincoln.ac.uk


Fusing marine radioactivity mapping and geochemical data using state-of-the-art GIS technology 1 Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Athens, Greece 2 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece 3 Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom INTRODUCTION RAMONES [1], an EU H2020 FET Proactive Project, seeks to develop and deploy a new set of prototype, AI-driven instruments for continuous and in situ measurements of natural and artificial radioactivity in the marine environment. A main objective of the project is to introduce a conceptual methodology to investigate the potential connection between radioactivity and hydrothermal activity and develop a properly designed Risk Information System (RIS), including geospatial mapping among other features (see Fig. 1). In the present work, in situ measurements in the coastal zone of Paleochori in Milos Island in Greece are used to develop the first stage of the RIS, where various layers of data will be fused under one grand-unified scheme. METHODOLOGY • GIS (Geographic Information System) is a framework used for the collection, storage, management, analysis, and visualization of spatially distributed data. • In a recent mission at Paleochori Bay, geospatial data were collected using the RAMONES-developed γ-Sniffers (CZT- based γ-radiation spectrometers, see Fig. 2) homogenized and integrated into the relational File Geodatabase (FGDB). • In addition, samples of sediments were collected and measured with a high- resolution HPGe spectrometer. • The FGDB and the RIS will be enriched with new measurements each time the RAMONES instruments operate. Figure 1 / Design implementation of RAMONES RIS equipped with GIS functionality. DISCUSSION – FUTURE WORK • The activity maps along the coast (shown in Figs. 3 & 4) indicate the presence of elevated radioactivity levels near the sources of the submarine hydrothermal vents (at a depth of 2-3 m). A clear spatial correlation is apparent in the maps. • More data are currently under analysis to establish the full geochemical spread of naturally occurring radioactive substances around the hydrothermal vents in deeper waters. • An important aspect is to track the diffusion and transport of these radioisotopes away from the sources and establish the baseline activity at the coastal interface • The high-resolution results serve as validation for the mobile instruments γ-Sniffers • (near-)Real-time information collected with the RAMONES instruments will be updated on the RIS REFERENCES [1] RAMONES website, https://www.ramones-project.eu [2] P. Krassakis, et al., Geomatics 2, 297 (2022), doi: 10.3390/geomatics2030017 RAMONES receives funding from European Union under Horizon 2020 FET Proactive Programme via grant agreement No. 101017808 Pavlos Krassakis1, Konstantina Pyrgaki1,2, Theo J. Mertzimekis2, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos3, Stavroula Kazana2, Eleni Petra2 Figure 3 / 226Ra spatial distribution at Paleochori (Southern Milos) sampling areas. Basemap source: ESRI Figure 4 / 40K spatial distribution at Paleochori (Southern Milos) sampling areas. Basemap source: ESRI RESULTS – GEOCHEMICAL RISK • Two of the produced maps shown below in Fig. 3 and 4 represent the spatial distributions of 226Ra and 40K, respectively. These natural radioisotopes serve often as tracers for understanding the geochemical dynamics in the marine environment. • The GIS platform [2] will produce heat maps, represented by a five-color code (no risk / normal / low risk / high risk / eminent risk) to provide clear information to interested stakeholders. In the final processing stage, the results will be prepared as web layers on ArcGIS Online, which is a cloud- based Software as a Service (SaaS) Web GIS platform that allows access from any internet-connected device. Figure 2 / A γ-Sniffer