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Co-authored-by: cc <cjc0013@users.noreply.huggingface.co>

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+ # Audio files - uncompressed
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+ # Image files - compressed
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+ *.jpeg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ # Video files - compressed
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+ *.mp4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ *.webm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ ufo_data_clustered.jsonl filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ source/complete.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ source/data.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ source/nuforc_reports.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ source/ufo_sighting_data.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ source/ufo_sightings_scrubbed.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ source/
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+ *.csv
README.md ADDED
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+ ---
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+ datasets:
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+ - kaggle
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ task_categories:
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+ - text-classification
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+ - text-retrieval
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+ - time-series-forecasting
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+ pretty_name: "UFO Sightings Unified Semantic Dataset"
11
+ size_categories:
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+ - 100K<n<1M
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+ license: mit
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+ tags:
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+ - ufo
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+ - ufology
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+ - anomalous-phenomena
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+ - embeddings
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+ - hdbscan
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+ - semantic-search
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+ - cluster-analysis
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+ - dataset
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+ - geospatial
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+ - moon-illumination
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+ - aviation
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+ ---
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+ # **UFO Sightings – Cleaned & Unified Dataset (~327k rows)**
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+
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+ This dataset merges several publicly available UFO sighting datasets from Kaggle into one **cleaned**, **standardized**, and **enriched** file.
30
+ The goal is simply to provide a consolidated dataset instead of many fragmented sources with inconsistent formatting.
31
+
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+ This release contains **a single JSONL file** with approximately **327,000 records**.
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+
34
+ No private or identifying information was present in the original data.
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+
36
+ ---
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+
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+ ## **📦 Source**
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+
40
+ All entries originate from publicly available UFO sighting datasets on **Kaggle**.
41
+ Each row corresponds to a single reported sighting.
42
+ Source Files located in source folder
43
+ ---
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+
45
+ ## **🧹 Cleaning / Normalization Performed**
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+
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+ All rows in this unified file were standardized using the same basic rules:
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+
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+ * timestamps parsed and converted into a consistent `t_utc` (ISO-8601, UTC)
50
+ * city/state/country fields harmonized where possible
51
+ * latitude/longitude coerced to floats
52
+ * basic HTML/unicode cleanup in free-text descriptions (`text`)
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+ * invalid or fully unparseable rows removed
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+ * source field preserved as `src`
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+
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+ No interpretation or filtering based on content was performed.
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+
58
+ ---
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+
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+ ## **✨ Added Contextual Fields**
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+
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+ A small number of lightweight “sidecar” fields were added based on timestamp + coordinates:
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+
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+ * **`moon_illum`** — moon illumination fraction
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+ * **`moon_alt_deg`** — moon altitude in degrees
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+ * **`nearest_airport_code`** — closest airport (ICAO)
67
+ * **`nearest_airport_km`** — distance to that airport in km
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+ * **`wx_bucket`** — rough weather bucket (coarse category)
69
+
70
+ These values are approximate and should be treated as exploratory metadata only.
71
+
72
+ ---
73
+
74
+ ## **🧩 Clustering Fields (Included in the File)**
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+
76
+ The dataset includes two fields that come from text-similarity grouping:
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+
78
+ * **`cluster_id`** — numeric label
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+ * **`prob`** — membership confidence
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+
81
+ These reflect **text similarity**, not verified categories or event types.
82
+ They are included because they were already part of the cleaned file.
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+
84
+ ---
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+
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+ ## **📝 Field Reference**
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+
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+ Each row has the following structure (example):
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+
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+ ```
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+ {
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+ "uid": "scrubbed/row327047",
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+ "t_utc": "2013-09-09T09:51:00.000Z",
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+ "lat": 32.7152778,
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+ "lon": -117.1563889,
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+ "text": "2 white lights zig-zag over Qualcomm Stadium...",
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+ "src": "scrubbed",
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+ "city": "san diego",
99
+ "state": "ca",
100
+ "country": "US",
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+
102
+ "cluster_id": 725,
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+ "prob": 1.0,
104
+
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+ "moon_illum": 0.163603127,
106
+ "moon_alt_deg": -67.0003509521,
107
+ "nearest_airport_km": 3.7174715996,
108
+ "nearest_airport_code": "KSAN",
109
+ "reports_z": null,
110
+ "wx_bucket": "unknown"
111
+ }
112
+ ```
113
+
114
+ ### **Field descriptions**
115
+
116
+ | Field | Type | Notes |
117
+ | -------------------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
118
+ | `uid` | string | Stable row identifier |
119
+ | `t_utc` | string | Event timestamp, ISO-8601 UTC |
120
+ | `lat`, `lon` | float | Approximate coordinates |
121
+ | `city`, `state`, `country` | string | Cleaned location fields (best-effort) |
122
+ | `text` | string | Free-text sighting description |
123
+ | `src` | string | Original Kaggle dataset source |
124
+ | `cluster_id` | int | Text-similarity cluster (for research use only) |
125
+ | `prob` | float | Cluster membership probability |
126
+ | `moon_illum` | float | Moon illumination (0–1) |
127
+ | `moon_alt_deg` | float | Moon altitude in degrees |
128
+ | `nearest_airport_km` | float | Distance to nearest airport |
129
+ | `nearest_airport_code` | string | ICAO code |
130
+ | `wx_bucket` | string | Approximate weather category |
131
+ | `reports_z` | float/null | Unused placeholder field (kept for completeness) |
132
+
133
+ ---
134
+
135
+ ## **⚠️ Notes & Limitations**
136
+
137
+ * Accuracy of timestamps and locations depends entirely on original reporting.
138
+ * Weather buckets are coarse (not NOAA-grade).
139
+ * Airport distances are approximate nearest-neighbor lookups.
140
+ * Cluster labels are based solely on text similarity and do **not** reflect event reality.
141
+ * No claims are made about the nature or validity of any sighting.
142
+
143
+ ---
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+
145
+ ## **📄 License**
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+
147
+ Source data was public on Kaggle.
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+ This cleaned, merged, and lightly enriched version is released for **research and educational use**.
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+ Users should follow the original dataset licensing terms.
150
+
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+ Code,"Indicator Name","Long definition","Source"
2
+ SP.POP.DPND,"Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population)","Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
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6
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7
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
+ SP.POP.AG10.MA.IN,"Age population, age 10, male","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
27
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28
+ SP.POP.AG11.MA.IN,"Age population, age 11, male","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
29
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30
+ SP.POP.AG12.MA.IN,"Age population, age 12, male","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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46
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47
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48
+ SP.POP.AG21.MA.IN,"Age population, age 21, male, interpolated","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
49
+ SP.POP.AG22.FE.IN,"Age population, age 22, female, interpolated","Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
50
+ SP.POP.AG22.MA.IN,"Age population, age 22, male, interpolated","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
51
+ SP.POP.AG23.FE.IN,"Age population, age 23, female, interpolated","Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
52
+ SP.POP.AG23.MA.IN,"Age population, age 23, male, interpolated","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
53
+ SP.POP.AG24.FE.IN,"Age population, age 24, female, interpolated","Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
54
+ SP.POP.AG24.MA.IN,"Age population, age 24, male, interpolated","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
55
+ SP.POP.AG25.FE.IN,"Age population, age 25, female, interpolated","Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
56
+ SP.POP.AG25.MA.IN,"Age population, age 25, male, interpolated","Age population, male refers to male population at the specified age level. The geographical areas included in the data are the same as the data source.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
57
+ SP.DYN.CBRT.IN,"Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)","Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.","(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
58
+ SP.DYN.CDRT.IN,"Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)","Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.","(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
59
+ SP.POP.0004.FE,"Population ages 0-4, female","Female population between the ages 0 to 4.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
60
+ SP.POP.0509.FE,"Population ages 5-9, female","Female population between the ages 5 to 9.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
61
+ SP.POP.1014.FE,"Population ages 10-14, female","Female population between the ages 10 to 14.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
62
+ SP.POP.1519.FE,"Population ages 15-19, female","Female population between the ages 15 to 19.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
63
+ SP.POP.2024.FE,"Population ages 20-24, female","Female population between the ages 20 to 24.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
64
+ SP.POP.2529.FE,"Population ages 25-29, female","Female population between the ages 25 to 29.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
65
+ SP.POP.3034.FE,"Population ages 30-34, female","Female population between the ages 30 to 34.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
66
+ SP.POP.3539.FE,"Population ages 35-39, female","Female population between the ages 35 to 39.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
67
+ SP.POP.4044.FE,"Population ages 40-44, female","Female population between the ages 40 to 44.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
68
+ SP.POP.4549.FE,"Population ages 45-49, female","Female population between the ages 45 to 49.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
69
+ SP.POP.5054.FE,"Population ages 50-54, female","Female population between the ages 50 to 54.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
70
+ SP.POP.5559.FE,"Population ages 55-59, female","Female population between the ages 55 to 59.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
71
+ SP.POP.6064.FE,"Population ages 60-64, female","Female population between the ages 60 to 64.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
72
+ SP.POP.6569.FE,"Population ages 65-69, female","Female population between the ages 65 to 69.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
73
+ SP.POP.7074.FE,"Population ages 70-74, female","Female population between the ages 70 to 74.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
74
+ SP.POP.7579.FE,"Population ages 75-79, female","Female population between the ages 75 to 79.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
75
+ SP.POP.80UP.FE,"Population ages 80 and above, female","Female population between the ages 80 and above.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
76
+ SP.DYN.TFRT.IN,"Fertility rate, total (births per woman)","Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.","(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
77
+ SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN,"Life expectancy at birth, female (years)","Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.","(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
78
+ SP.DYN.LE00.MA.IN,"Life expectancy at birth, male (years)","Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.","(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
79
+ SP.DYN.LE00.IN,"Life expectancy at birth, total (years)","Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.","Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
80
+ SP.POP.0004.MA,"Population ages 0-4, male","Male population between the ages 0 to 4.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
81
+ SP.POP.0509.MA,"Population ages 5-9, male","Male population between the ages 5 to 9.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
82
+ SP.POP.1014.MA,"Population ages 10-14, male","Male population between the ages 10 to 14.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
83
+ SP.POP.1519.MA,"Population ages 15-19, male","Male population between the ages 15 to 19.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
84
+ SP.POP.2024.MA,"Population ages 20-24, male","Male population between the ages 20 to 24.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
85
+ SP.POP.2529.MA,"Population ages 25-29, male","Male population between the ages 25 to 29.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
86
+ SP.POP.3034.MA,"Population ages 30-34, male","Male population between the ages 30 to 34.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
87
+ SP.POP.3539.MA,"Population ages 35-39, male","Male population between the ages 35 to 39.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
88
+ SP.POP.4044.MA,"Population ages 40-44, male","Male population between the ages 40 to 44.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
89
+ SP.POP.4549.MA,"Population ages 45-49, male","Male population between the ages 45 to 49.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
90
+ SP.POP.5054.MA,"Population ages 50-54, male","Male population between the ages 50 to 54.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
91
+ SP.POP.5559.MA,"Population ages 55-59, male","Male population between the ages 55 to 59.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
92
+ SP.POP.6064.MA,"Population ages 60-64, male","Male population between the ages 60 to 64.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
93
+ SP.POP.6569.MA,"Population ages 65-69, male","Male population between the ages 65 to 69.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
94
+ SP.POP.7074.MA,"Population ages 70-74, male","Male population between the ages 70 to 74.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
95
+ SP.POP.7579.MA,"Population ages 75-79, male","Male population between the ages 75 to 79.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
96
+ SP.POP.80UP.MA,"Population ages 80 and above, male","Male population between the ages 80 and above.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
97
+ SP.DYN.AMRT.FE,"Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults)","Adult mortality rate, female, is the probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60--that is, the probability of a 15-year-old female dying before reaching age 60, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year between those ages.","(1) The United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects. (2) University of California, Berkeley, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. The Human Mortality Database."
98
+ SP.DYN.AMRT.MA,"Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults)","Adult mortality rate, male, is the probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60--that is, the probability of a 15-year-old male dying before reaching age 60, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year between those ages.","(1) The United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects. (2) University of California, Berkeley, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. The Human Mortality Database."
99
+ SP.DYN.IMRT.IN,"Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)","Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.","Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org. Projected data are from the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects; and may in some cases not be consistent with data before the current year."
100
+ SP.DYN.IMRT.FE.IN,"Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births)","Infant mortality rate, female is the number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 female live births in a given year.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
101
+ SP.DYN.IMRT.MA.IN,"Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births)","Infant mortality rate, male is the number of male infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 male live births in a given year.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
102
+ SH.DYN.NMRT,"Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births)","Neonatal mortality rate is the number of neonates dying before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
103
+ SH.DYN.MORT,"Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)","Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.","Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org. Projected data are from the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects; and may in some cases not be consistent with data before the current year."
104
+ SH.DYN.MORT.FE,"Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births)","Under-five mortality rate, female is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn female baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to female age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
105
+ SH.DYN.MORT.MA,"Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births)","Under-five mortality rate, male is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn male baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to male age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
106
+ SM.POP.NETM,"Net migration","Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.","The United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects."
107
+ SH.DTH.IMRT,"Number of infant deaths","Number of infants dying before reaching one year of age.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
108
+ SH.DTH.NMRT,"Number of neonatal deaths","Number of neonates dying before reaching 28 days of age.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
109
+ SH.DTH.MORT,"Number of under-five deaths","Number of children dying before reaching age five.","Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org."
110
+ SP.POP.0004.FE.5Y,"Population ages 0-4, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 0 to 4 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
111
+ SP.POP.0004.MA.5Y,"Population ages 0-4, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 0 to 4 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
112
+ SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS,"Population ages 0-14 (% of total)","Population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
113
+ SP.POP.0014.FE.ZS,"Population ages 0-14, female (% of total)","Female population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total female population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
114
+ SP.POP.0014.MA.ZS,"Population ages 0-14, male (% of total)","Male population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
115
+ SP.POP.0014.TO,"Population ages 0-14, total","Total population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
116
+ SP.POP.0014.FE.IN,"Population ages 0-14, female","Female population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
117
+ SP.POP.0014.MA.IN,"Population ages 0-14, male","Male population between the ages 0 to 14. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
118
+ SP.POP.0509.FE.5Y,"Population ages 5-9, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 5 to 9 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
119
+ SP.POP.0509.MA.5Y,"Population ages 5-9, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 5 to 9 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
120
+ SP.POP.1014.FE.5Y,"Population ages 10-14, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 10 to 14 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
121
+ SP.POP.1519.FE.5Y,"Population ages 15-19, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 15 to 19 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
122
+ SP.POP.1519.MA.5Y,"Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 15 to 19 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
123
+ SP.POP.1564.TO.ZS,"Population ages 15-64 (% of total)","Total population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
124
+ SP.POP.1564.FE.IN,"Population ages 15-64, female","Female population between the ages 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
125
+ SP.POP.1564.FE.ZS,"Population ages 15-64, female (% of total)","Female population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total female population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
126
+ SP.POP.1564.MA.IN,"Population ages 15-64, male","Male population between the ages 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
127
+ SP.POP.1564.MA.ZS,"Population ages 15-64, male (% of total)","Male population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
128
+ SP.POP.1564.TO,"Population ages 15-64, total","Total population between the ages 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
129
+ SP.POP.2024.FE.5Y,"Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 20 to 24 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
130
+ SP.POP.2024.MA.5Y,"Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 20 to 24 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
131
+ SP.POP.2529.FE.5Y,"Population ages 25-29, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 25 to 29 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
132
+ SP.POP.2529.MA.5Y,"Population ages 25-29, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 25 to 29 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
133
+ SP.POP.3034.FE.5Y,"Population ages 30-34, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 30 to 34 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
134
+ SP.POP.3034.MA.5Y,"Population ages 30-34, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 30 to 34 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
135
+ SP.POP.3539.FE.5Y,"Population ages 35-39, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 35 to 39 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
136
+ SP.POP.3539.MA.5Y,"Population ages 35-39, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 35 to 39 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
137
+ SP.POP.4044.FE.5Y,"Population ages 40-44, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 40 to 44 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
138
+ SP.POP.4044.MA.5Y,"Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 40 to 44 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
139
+ SP.POP.4549.FE.5Y,"Population ages 45-49, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 45 to 49 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
140
+ SP.POP.4549.MA.5Y,"Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 45 to 49 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
141
+ SP.POP.5054.FE.5Y,"Population ages 50-54, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 50 to 54 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
142
+ SP.POP.5054.MA.5Y,"Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 50 to 54 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
143
+ SP.POP.5559.FE.5Y,"Population ages 55-59, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 55 to 59 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
144
+ SP.POP.5559.MA.5Y,"Population ages 55-59, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 55 to 59 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
145
+ SP.POP.6064.FE.5Y,"Population ages 60-64, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 60 to 64 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
146
+ SP.POP.6064.MA.5Y,"Population ages 60-64, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 60 to 64 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
147
+ SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS,"Population ages 65 and above (% of total)","Population ages 65 and above as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
148
+ SP.POP.65UP.FE.IN,"Population ages 65 and above, female","Female population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
149
+ SP.POP.65UP.FE.ZS,"Population ages 65 and above, female (% of total)","Female population 65 years of age or older as a percentage of the total female population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
150
+ SP.POP.65UP.MA.IN,"Population ages 65 and above, male","Male population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
151
+ SP.POP.65UP.MA.ZS,"Population ages 65 and above, male (% of total)","Male population 65 years of age or older as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
152
+ SP.POP.65UP.TO,"Population ages 65 and above, total","Total population 65 years of age or older. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
153
+ SP.POP.6569.FE.5Y,"Population ages 65-69, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 65 to 69 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
154
+ SP.POP.6569.MA.5Y,"Population ages 65-69, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 65 to 69 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
155
+ SP.POP.7074.FE.5Y,"Population ages 70-74, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 70 to 74 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
156
+ SP.POP.7074.MA.5Y,"Population ages 70-74, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 70 to 74 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
157
+ SP.POP.7579.FE.5Y,"Population ages 75-79, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 75 to 79 as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
158
+ SP.POP.7579.MA.5Y,"Population ages 75-79, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 75 to 79 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
159
+ SP.POP.80UP.FE.5Y,"Population ages 80 and above, female (% of female population)","Female population between the ages 80 and above as a percentage of the total female population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
160
+ SP.POP.80UP.MA.5Y,"Population ages 80 and above, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 80 and above as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
161
+ SP.POP.1014.MA.5Y,"Population ages 10-14, male (% of male population)","Male population between the ages 10 to 14 as a percentage of the total male population.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
162
+ SP.POP.GROW,"Population growth (annual %)","Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
163
+ SP.POP.TOTL.FE.IN,"Population, female","Female population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all female residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
164
+ SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS,"Population, female (% of total)","Female population is the percentage of the population that is female. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
165
+ SP.POP.TOTL.MA.IN,"Population, male","Male population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all male residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
166
+ SP.POP.TOTL.MA.ZS,"Population, male (% of total)","Male population is the percentage of the population that is male. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.","World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
167
+ SP.POP.TOTL,"Population, total","Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.","(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme."
168
+ SP.RUR.TOTL,"Rural population","Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population. Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages.","World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects."
169
+ SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS,"Rural population (% of total population)","Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.","World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects."
170
+ SP.RUR.TOTL.ZG,"Rural population growth (annual %)","Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.","World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects."
171
+ SP.POP.BRTH.MF,"Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births)","Sex ratio at birth refers to male births per female births. The data are 5 year averages.","The United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects."
172
+ SP.URB.TOTL,"Urban population","Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects. Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages.","World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects."
173
+ SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS,"Urban population (% of total)","Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division.","The United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects."
174
+ SP.URB.GROW,"Urban population growth (annual %)","Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects.","World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects."
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1
+ This dataset is not raw UFO reports — it’s a *processed, enriched, semantically-clustered corpus* designed for large-scale analysis.
2
+ Below is the exact pipeline used.
3
+
4
+ ---
5
+
6
+ # **🧠 1. Embeddings (Semantic Encoding)**
7
+
8
+ All reports were embedded using:
9
+
10
+ **Model:** `BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5`
11
+ **Dimensionality:** 1024
12
+
13
+ Embeddings capture meaning (not keywords), allowing similar descriptions to cluster even with different phrasing, spelling, or vocabulary.
14
+
15
+ ---
16
+
17
+ # **📉 2. Dimensionality Reduction (UMAP → 15D)**
18
+
19
+ High-dimensional vectors were reduced using:
20
+
21
+ **UMAP(n_components=15, metric='cosine')**
22
+
23
+ Reasons for UMAP-15:
24
+
25
+ * preserves local/global structure
26
+ * reduces noise
27
+ * improves cluster separation
28
+ * makes density-based clustering stable
29
+
30
+ ---
31
+
32
+ # **📍 3. Density Clustering (HDBSCAN)**
33
+
34
+ Reports were grouped using:
35
+
36
+ **HDBSCAN(min_cluster_size≈tuned, min_samples≈tuned)**
37
+
38
+ Outputs include:
39
+
40
+ * `cluster_id` (−1 = noise)
41
+ * `prob` (cluster stability score)
42
+ * ~3.7k clusters
43
+ * ~20% noise
44
+
45
+ HDBSCAN discovers meaningful themes like:
46
+
47
+ * recurring object behaviors
48
+ * atmospheric misidentifications
49
+ * military-adjacent patterns
50
+ * long-term witness motif clusters
51
+ * hoax/storytelling clusters
52
+ * nonsensical/noise clusters
53
+
54
+ ---
55
+
56
+ # **🔍 4. Sparse Retrieval (BM25) — Used for QA, Not in the Dataset**
57
+
58
+ A **BM25 index was built during preprocessing** to assist in quality control:
59
+
60
+ BM25 was used to:
61
+
62
+ * sanity-check embedding clusters
63
+ * inspect keyword cohesion
64
+ * identify outliers / mislabeled points
65
+ * verify that HDBSCAN clusters were semantically coherent
66
+ * detect keyword drift within large clusters
67
+
68
+ **Important:**
69
+ The *BM25 scores and index are **not included** in the final dataset.*
70
+ BM25 influenced the cleaning stage but is not part of the exported fields.
71
+
72
+
73
+ ---
74
+
75
+ # **🌕 5. Sidecar Feature Enrichment**
76
+
77
+ Each record includes enriched metadata:
78
+
79
+ ### **Moon illumination & altitude**
80
+
81
+ * `moon_illum`
82
+ * `moon_alt_deg`
83
+ Computed from timestamp + lat/lon.
84
+
85
+ ### **Nearest airport (US/CA/GB accuracy strongest)**
86
+
87
+ * `nearest_airport_km`
88
+ * `nearest_airport_code`
89
+ Computed via geospatial lookup.
90
+
91
+ ### **Weather bucket**
92
+
93
+ * `wx_bucket` (high-level NOAA-based label, imperfect)
94
+
95
+ ### **Timestamp normalization**
96
+
97
+ * `ts` = Unix epoch (ms)
98
+
99
+ ### **Source tagging**
100
+
101
+ * `src` indicates which Kaggle dataset the row came from.
102
+
103
+ ---
104
+
105
+ # **📚 6. Canonical Output Format**
106
+
107
+ Each JSONL entry looks like:
108
+
109
+ ```
110
+ {
111
+ "uid": ...,
112
+ "t_utc": ...,
113
+ "lat": ...,
114
+ "lon": ...,
115
+ "text": ...,
116
+ "src": ...,
117
+
118
+ "city": ...,
119
+ "state": ...,
120
+ "country": ...,
121
+
122
+ "cluster_id": ...,
123
+ "prob": ...,
124
+
125
+ "moon_illum": ...,
126
+ "moon_alt_deg": ...,
127
+
128
+ "nearest_airport_km": ...,
129
+ "nearest_airport_code": ...,
130
+
131
+ "wx_bucket": ...,
132
+ "ts": ...
133
+ }
134
+ ```
135
+
136
+ ---
137
+
138
+ # **📌 What This Dataset *Is***
139
+
140
+ ✔️ A semantically-clustered UFO corpus
141
+ ✔️ Enriched with astronomy + geospatial + weather sidecars
142
+ ✔️ Cleaned, deduped, normalized
143
+ ✔️ Built using modern ML (BGE+UMAP+HDBSCAN)
144
+ ✔️ Ready for search, visualization, mapping, temporal analysis
145
+ ✔️ Distributed without interpretation or claims
146
+
147
+ ---
148
+
149
+ # **📌 What This Dataset *Is Not***
150
+
151
+ ❌ Not a curated list of “important” sightings
152
+ ❌ Not opinionated — no inferences built in
153
+ ❌ Not a proof of anything
154
+ ❌ Not filtered toward any outcome
155
+ ❌ Does not include BM25 scores (BM25 was QA-only)