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Palm oil	found palm oil farms produce around .metric tons oil per hectare.whereas oils sunflower soybean peanut produce ...
Palm oil	metric tons respectively per hectare.palm oil sustainable vegetable oil terms yield requiring oneninth land used vegetable oil crops.future laboratorygrown microbes might achieve higher yields per unit land comparable prices.however palm oil cultivation criticized impact natural environment including deforestation loss natural habitats greenhouse gas emissions threatened critically endangered species orangutan sumatran tiger.slashandburn techniques still used create new plantations across palm oil producing countries.january september hectares land burned indonesia peatlands accounted quarter burned area.environmental groups greenpeace friends earth oppose use palm oil biofuels claiming deforestation caused oil palm plantations damaging climate benefits gained switching biofuel using palms carbon sinks.a study international union conservation nature iucn concluded palm oil stay due higher productivity compared many vegetable oils.
Palm oil	iucn maintains replacing palm oil vegetable oils would necessitate greater amounts agricultural land negatively affecting biodiversity.iucn advocates better practices palm oil industry including prevention plantations expanding forested regions creating demand certified sustainable palm oil products.in rainforest action network surveyed eight global brands involved palm oil extraction leuser ecosystem said none performing adequately avoiding “conflict palm oil”.many companies told guardian working improve performance.wwf scorecard rated companies performing well.in study chain reaction research concluded ndpe deforestation peat exploitation policies cover palm oil refineries.ndpe policies according chain reaction research effective private mechanism cut direct link deforestation due economic leverage refineries palm oil growers.
Palm oil	markets according hamburgbased oil world trade journal global production oils fats stood million tonnes.palm oil palm kernel oil jointly largest contributor accounting million tonnes total output.soybean oil came second million tonnes .oils fats produced world shipped across oceans.million tonnes oils fats exported around world palm oil palm kernel oil made close malaysia market share dominated palm oil trade.production palm oil complies voluntary sustainability standards growing faster rate conventional production.
Palm oil	standardcompliant production increased conventional production increased .food label regulations previously palm oil could listed vegetable fat vegetable oil food labels european union eu.december food packaging eu longer allowed use generic terms vegetable fat vegetable oil ingredients list.food producers required list specific type vegetable fat used including palm oil.vegetable oils fats grouped together ingredients list term vegetable oils vegetable fats must followed type vegetable origin e.g.
Palm oil	palm sunflower rapeseed phrase varying proportions.supply chain institutions consumer goods forum consumer goods forum passed resolution members would reduce deforestation palm oil supply net zero .roundtable sustainable palm oil rspo roundtable sustainable palm oil rspo established following concerns raised nongovernmental organizations environmental impacts resulting palm oil production.organization established international standards sustainable palm oil production.products containing certified sustainable palm oil cspo carry rspo trademark.
Palm oil	members rspo include palm oil producers environmental groups manufacturers use palm oil products.indonesia accounted global palm oil production total rspocertified areas.the rspo applying different types programmes supply palm oil producers.book claim guarantee end product contains certified sustainable palm oil supports rspocertified growers farmersidentity preserved end user able trace palm oil back specific single mill supply base plantationssegregated option guarantees end product contains certified palm oilmass balance refinery allowed sell amount mass balance palm oil amount certified sustainable palm oil purchasedgreenpalm one retailers executing book claim supply chain trading programme.guarantees palm oil producer certified rspo.greenpalm producer certify specified amount greenpalm logo.buyer oil allowed use rspo greenpalm label sustainable palm oil products.after meeting number environmental organisations critical scope agreements reached.
Palm oil	palm oil growers produce cspo critical organization though met rspo standards assumed costs associated certification market demand certified palm oil remains low.low market demand attributed higher cost cspo leading palm oil buyers purchase cheaper noncertified palm oil.palm oil mostly fungible.palm oil produced certified sustainable though half rspo label.even low proportion certified greenpeace argued confectioners avoiding responsibilities sustainable palm oil says rspo standards fall short protecting environment.
Palm oil	even though deforestation decreased rspocertified oil palm plantations peatlands continue drained burned creation new rspocertified palm plantations.composition fatty acids palm oil like fats composed fatty acids esterified glycerol.palm oil especially high concentration saturated fat specifically carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid gives name.monounsaturated oleic acid also major constituent palm oil.unrefined palm oil significant source tocotrienol part vitamin e family.the approximate concentration esterified fatty acids palm oil carotenes red palm oil rich carotenes alphacarotene betacarotene lycopene give characteristic dark red color.
Palm oil	however palm oil refined bleached deodorized crude palm oil called rbd palm oil contain carotenes.comparison vegetable oils nutrition health contributing significant calories source fat palm oil food staple many cuisines.average globally humans consumed .kg lb palm oil per person .although relationship palm oil consumption disease risk previously assessed quality clinical research specifically assessing palm oil effects generally poor.
Palm oil	consequently research focused deleterious effects palm oil palmitic acid consumption sources saturated fat content edible oils leading conclusions palm oil saturated fats replaced polyunsaturated fats diet.a metaanalysis advisory american heart association indicated palm oil among foods supplying dietary saturated fat increases blood levels ldl cholesterol increased risk cardiovascular diseases leading recommendations reduced use elimination dietary palm oil favor consuming unhydrogenated vegetable oils.glycidyl fatty acid esters ge mcpd mcpd found especially palm oils palm fats refining high temperatures approx.°c °f.since glycidol parent compound ge considered genotoxic carcinogenic efsa didnt set safe level ge.according chair contam efsa’s expert panel contaminants food chain exposure ge babies consuming solely infant formula particular concern ten times would considered low concern public health.efsas tolerable daily intake tdi mcpd fatty acid esters set .
Palm oil	micrograms per kilogram body weight per day µgkg bwday increased µgkg bwday based evidence linking substance organ damage animal tests possible adverse effects kidney male fertility.according efsa enough data set safe level mcpd.palmitic acid excessive intake palmitic acid makes palm oil increases blood levels lowdensity lipoprotein ldl total cholesterol increases risk cardiovascular diseases.reviews world health organization us national heart lung blood institute encouraged consumers limit consumption palm oil palmitic acid foods high saturated fat.see also coconut oilpalm sugartropical agriculture reading zuckerman jocelyn c. .
Comparison of relational database management systems	planet palm palm oil ended everything―and endangered world.new press.isbn .referencesplease see individual products articles information.unless otherwise specified footnotes comparisons based stable versions without addons extensions external programs.general information operating system support operating systems rdbmses run on.fundamental features information fundamental rdbms features implemented natively.note currently supports read uncommited transaction isolation.version .
Comparison of relational database management systems	adds serializable isolation version .fully acid compliant.note mariadb mysql provide acid compliance default innodb storage engine.note innodb storage engines mysql server parses ignores foreign key references syntax create table statements.check clause parsed ignored storage engines.note support unicode new version ..note mysql provides gui interface mysql workbench.note openedge sql database engine uses referential integrity openedge abl database engine handled via database triggers.limits information data size limits.note firebird .x maximum database size effectively unlimited largest known database size gb.firebird ..x maximum database size tb.note limit using decimal datatype.note innodb limited bytes excluding varbinary varchar blob text columns.note innodb limited columns.note using varchar max sql later.note using page size kb blobclob data stored database file.note java array size limit objects per array applies.
Comparison of relational database management systems	limit applies number characters names rows per table columns per table characters per charvarchar.note despite lack date datatype sqlite include date time functions work timestamps november b.c.november .note informix datetime type adjustable range year th second.datetime date range ...note since version c. earlier versions support b.note pb limit refers storage limit single informix server instance.informix v. later versions support using sharding techniques distribute table across multiple server instances.
Comparison of relational database management systems	distributed informix database upper limit table database size.tables views information tables views basic ones supported natively.note server provides tempdb used public private session temp tables.note materialized views supported informix term used ibms documentation refer temporary table created run views query complex one cannot example define way refreshed build index it.term defined informix performance guide.note materialized views emulated using stored procedures triggers.indexes information indexes basic bb tree indexes supported natively.note users need use function freeadhocudf library similar.note implemented data types using expressionbased indexes.note emulated indexing computed column doesnt easily update using indexed view proper name view works.note used inmemory columnstore index temporary hash index hash join noncluster fill factor.note innodb automatically generates adaptive hash index entries needed.note implemented using functionbased indexes oracle higher function needs used sql index used.note postgresql functional index used reverse order field.note b tree fulltext now.note rtree indexing available base edition locator functionality requires personal edition enterprise edition spatial option.database capabilities note recursive ctes introduced gr supersedes similar construct called connect by.
Comparison of relational database management systems	data types objects information objects supported natively.note function procedure refer internal routines written sql andor procedural language like plsql.external routine refers one written host languages c java cobol etc.stored procedure commonly used term routine types.however definition varies different database vendors.note derby h luciddb cubrid users code functions procedures java.note enum datatype exists.check clause parsed enforced runtime.note informix supports external functions written java c c. partitioning information partitioning methods supported natively.note raima database manager .
Comparison of relational database management systems	requires application programs select correct partition using range hash composite techniques adding data database union functionality allows partitions read single database.access control information access control functionalities.note network traffic could transmitted secure way cleartext general ssl encryption.precise option default included option extra modules buy.note options present set minimum size password respect complexity like presence numbers special characters.note get security updates free access need login pay easy access webftp portal rss feed offline access mail cdrom phone.note database process run rootadministrator unprivileged user default configurationnote separate user manage special operation like backup dumprestore permissions security officer audit administrator add usercreate database etc.default optionalnote common criteria certified product list.note firebirdsql seems sysdba user db owner.separate roles backup operator security administrator.note user define dedicated backup user nothing particular default install.note authentication methods.note informix dynamic server supports pam configurable authentication.
Comparison of relational database management systems	default uses os authentication.note authentication methods.note use pervasive auditmaster.note userbased security optional polyhedra enabled enhanced rolebased model auditing.databases vs schemas terminology sql specification defines sql schema however databases implement differently.compound confusion functionality overlap parent database.sql schema simply namespace within database things within namespace addressed using member operator dot .. seems universal among implementations.a true fully database schema table qualified query exemplified select database.schema.tableboth schema database used isolate one table foo another likenamed table foo.following pseudo codeselect database.foo vs. select database.foo explicit schema database tableselect database.default.foo vs. select database.alternate.foo explicit database prefixthe problem arises former mysql users create multiple databases one project.
Comparison of relational database management systems	context mysql databases analogous function postgresqlschemas insomuch postgresql lacks offtheshelf crossdatabase functionality mysql has.conversely postgresql applied specification implementing crosstable crossschema left room future crossdatabase functionality.mysql aliases schema database behind scenes create schema create database analogs.therefore said mysql implemented crossdatabase functionality skipped schema functionality entirely provided similar functionality implementation database.summary postgresql fully supports schemas lacks functionality mysql databases mysql even attempt support standard schemas.oracle spin creating user synonymous creating schema.thus database administrator create user called project create table project.table.
Comparison of relational database management systems	users exist without schema objects object always associated owner though owner may privileges connect database.sharedeverything oracle rac architecture database opened multiple servers concurrently.independent replication also used whereby data copied use different servers.oracle implementation database set files contains data instance set processes memory database accessed.informix supports multiple databases server instance like mysql.supports create schema syntax way group ddl statements single unit creating objects created part schema single owner.
Comparison of relational database management systems	informix supports database mode called ansi mode supports creating objects name owned different users.postgresql databases support foreign schemas ability import schemas servers defined isoiec published part sql.appears like schema database according sql specification accessing data stored either different database different server instance.import made either entire foreign schema merely certain tables belonging foreign schema.support isoiec bridges gap two competing philosophies surrounding schemas mysql informix maintain implicit association databases isoiec requires linkages explicit nature.see also relational database management system includes market share datalist relational database management systemscomparison object–relational database management systemscomparison database toolssql complianceobject database – relational sqlodbc interfaces.ibm business system – historical rdbms related query language.
THINK C	references external links comparison different sql implementations sql standards.includes oracle db microsoft sql server mysql postgresql.june sql standarddmbs comparison sql workbenchfirm later acquired symantec corporation product continued developed original author michael kahl.versions later essentially subset c supported basic objectoriented programming oop concepts single inheritance extensions c standard conformed closely needs mac os programming.version oop facilities expanded full c implementation product rebranded symantec c starting version development different authors.long awaited version brought support compiling powerpc.think c later symantec c featured class library framework mac programming called think class library tcl used extensively macintosh application development.the lightspeed think c integrated development environment ide influenced environments though considered advanced belonging think pascal sister language product.considered standard environment macintosh programmers workshop mpw considered overpriced niche product macintosh products developed many years.
THINK C	however transition mac central processing unit cpu motorola series k powerpc roughly year late delivering version powerpc symantec widely seen fallen behind competitor metrowerks product codewarrior took control market.despite decline popularity ide symantec eventually chosen apple provide nextgeneration cc compilers mpw form scscpp k alongside mrcmrcpp powerpc.remained apples standard compilers arrival mac os x replaced gnu compiler collection gcc.symantec subsequently exited developer tool business.reception bruce f. webster byte named lightspeed c product month september .criticizing documentation single greatest weakness webster stated lightspeed c would choice select one compiler macintosh.
NordLocker	byte listed lightspeed c among distinction winners byte awards stating wins respect powerful features low price.think c .obtained rating july issue macworld praising fast compilation outstanding development environment despite insufficient documentation.symantec c .obtained rating july issue macworld comparing favourably speed powerpc compiled code codewarrior time noting delayed product heavy requirement resources.referencesavailable windows macos.nordlocker developed nord security company behind nordvpn virtual private network based uk netherlands.nordlocker uses freemium business model users offered free account unlimited local file encryption set amount cloud storage sync backup features.cloud storage available via paid subscription.history may nordvpn announced upcoming launch nordlocker “an app zeroknowledge encryption process”.although initial estimated time arrival summer actual launch took place november.
NordLocker	app launched local file encryption tool secure sharing.users able encrypt gb data free pay unlimited encryption.in march nordlocker announced newly implemented cloud sharing integrations dropbox google drive.in august nordlocker launched cloud storage addon feature allowing users back data synchronize across multiple devices.features nordlocker encryption software cloud integration.software uses called lockers encrypted folders encrypt store user files.users create unlimited number lockers drop files encrypt transfer lockers separately.the app uses clientside encryption secure files users device first.
NordLocker	zeroknowledge encryption system developers data users files.encryption process user decide whether store data locally sync via nordlocker’s cloud.nordlocker syncs files via private cloud accessed computer nordlocker app installed.the program uses aes bit rsa encryption algorithms well argon ecc xchacha eddsa poly.nordlocker uses libsodium generate random bit key encrypt lockers.encrypt key app uses xchachapoly user’s master password.the local encryption free december — service monetizes cloud storage space beyond gb provided free plan.
NordLocker	hacking contest april nordlocker launched nordlocker bounty campaign hacking competition top prize .win person download encrypted locker companys site hack find hidden message.based nordlocker’s campaign page attempts break locker one claimed bounty december .reception june pcmagazine review noted nordlocker easy use lacked features like secure file deletion twofactor authentication.august itpro called nordlocker’s cloud addon “critical feature modern business especially coronavirus outbreak forcing many companies’ workforces remain remote.” restore privacy praised nordlocker strong endtoend encryption new lower price mentioned fact nordlocker opensource.boxcryptor another encryption service compared nordlocker’s security noted nordlocker mobile application.
AirPort	see also encryptioninternet privacysecure communication references external links official websiteproducts comprise number wireless routers wireless cards.japan line products marketed brand airmac due previous registration io data.in apple discontinued airport product line.remaining inventory sold apple later retailed routers linksys netgear eero apple retail stores.overview airport debuted one thing macworld new york steve jobs picking ibook supposedly give cameraman better shot surfed web.initial offering consisted optional expansion card apples new line ibook notebooks airport base station.
AirPort	airport card repackaged lucent orinoco gold card pc card adapter later added option almost apples product line including powerbooks emacs imacs power macs.xserves standard optional feature.original airport system allowed transfer rates mbits commonly used share internet access files multiple computers.in apple introduced airport extreme based .g specification using broadcoms bcmbcm twochip solution.airport extreme allows theoretical peak data transfer rates mbits fully backwardcompatible existing .b wireless network cards base stations.several apples desktop computers portable computers including macbook pro macbook mac mini imac shipped airport extreme .g card standard.
AirPort	macs time expansion slot card.airport airport extreme cards physically compatible airport extreme cards cannot installed older macs airport cards cannot installed newer macs.original airport card discontinued june .in apple released airport express base station swiss army knife multifunction product.used portable travel router using ac connectors apples ac adapters audio streaming device linelevel optical audio outputs usb printer sharing device usb host port.in apple unveiled new airport extreme .draftn base station introduced .
AirPort	draftn apple airport product line.implementation .draftn operate .ghz ghz ism bands modes make compatible .bg .a.number ethernet ports increased four—one nominally wan three lan used bridged mode.
AirPort	usb port included printers usb devices.ethernet ports later updated gigabit ethernet ports.styling similar mac mini apple tv.in january apple introduced time capsule airport extreme .draftn internal hard drive.device includes software allow computer running reasonably recent version mac os windows access disk shared volume.
AirPort	macs running mac os x .later includes time machine feature use time capsule wireless backup device allowing automatic untethered backups client computer.access point unit otherwise equivalent airport extreme .draftn four gigabit ethernet ports usb port printer disk sharing.in march apple released updated airport express base station .draftn x radio.
AirPort	features analog digital optical audio single ethernet port usb port printer sharing remained same.time least expensive device handle frequency bands .ghz ghz x .draftn.in march apple unveiled airport extreme time capsule products simultaneous dualband .draftn radios.
AirPort	allows full .draftn x communication .draftn bands time.in october apple unveiled updated airport extreme time capsule products antenna improvements .ghz model.in apple unveiled updated airport extreme base station referred airport extreme .n th generation.latest airport base stations cards work thirdparty base stations wireless cards conformed .a .b .g .
AirPort	draftn .finaln networking standards.uncommon see wireless networks composed several types airport base station serving old new macintosh microsoft windows linux systems.apples software drivers airport extreme also supported broadcom atherosbased pci wireless adapters fitted power mac computers.due developing nature draftn hardware assurance new model would work .
AirPort	draftn routers access devices manufacturers.discontinuation approximately apple disbanded wireless router team.apple formally discontinued airport products exiting router market.bloomberg news noted apple rarely discontinues product categories decision leave business boon wireless router makers.airport routers airport router used connect airportenabled computers internet wired lan andor devices.
AirPort	airport base station original airport base station known graphite model part number mllb features dialup modem ethernet port.employs lucent wavelan silver pc card radio uses embedded amd elan processor.connects machine via ethernet port.released july .graphite airport base station functionally identical lucent rg wireless base station run firmware.
AirPort	due original firmwarelocked limitations silver card unit accept bit wep encryption.later aftermarket tweaks enable bit wep silver card.aftermarket linux firmware developed units extend useful service life.a secondgeneration model known dual ethernet snow model part number mlla introduced november .features second ethernet port compared graphite design allowing shared internet connection wired wireless clients.also new available original model via software update ability connect share america onlines dialup service—a feature unique apple base stations.
AirPort	model based motorolas powerpc processor contained fully functional original airport card removed used compatible macintosh computer.airport extreme base station three different configurations model called airport extreme base station.mlla – ethernet ports usb port external antenna connector k v. modem port.mlla – ethernet ports usb port external antenna connector.. mlla – ethernet ports usb port external antenna connector powered ethernet cable poeulthe airport base station discontinued updated airport extreme announced january .addition providing wireless connection speeds maximum mbits adds external antenna port usb port.
AirPort	antenna port allows addition signalboosting antenna usb port allows sharing usb printer.connected printer made available via bonjours zero configuration technology ipp wired wireless clients network.cpu aumbc alchemy processor.second model mlla lacking modem external antenna port briefly made available discontinued launch airport express see below.april third version marketed airport extreme base station power ethernet ul introduced supports power ethernet complies ul specifications safe usage air handling spaces suspended ceilings.
AirPort	three models support wireless distribution system wds standard.model introduced january corresponding poe ulcompliant variant.an airport extreme base station serve maximum wireless clients simultaneously.airport extreme .n airport extreme updated january support .n protocol.revision also adds two lan ports total three.closely resembles squareshaped st generation apple tv mac mini size mini.the new airport disk feature allows users plug usb hard drive airport extreme use networkattached storage nas device mac os x microsoft windows clients.
AirPort	users may also connect usb hub printer.performance usb hard drives attached airport extreme slower drive connected directly computer.due processor speed airport extreme.depending setup types reads writes performance ranges ..
AirPort	mbs writing ..mbs reading.performance disk connected directly computer would ..
AirPort	mbs writing ..mbs reading.the airport extreme port external antenna.on august airport extreme began shipping gigabit ethernet matching apple products.on march apple released firmware update models airport extreme allow airport disks used conjunction time machine similar functionality provided time capsule.on march apple unveiled new airport extreme simultaneous dualband .draftn radios.allows full .
AirPort	draftn x communication .draftn bands time.on october apple unveiled updated airport extreme base station antenna improvements.on june apple unveiled updated airport extreme base station referred airport extreme .n th generation.airport express airport express simplified compact airport extreme base station.allows networked users includes feature called airtunes predecessor airplay.original version mlla model introduced apple june includes analog–optical audio minijack output usb port remote printing charging ipod ipod shuffle single ethernet port.
AirPort	usb port cannot used connect hard disk storage device.the airport express functions wireless access point connected ethernet network.used ethernettowireless bridge certain wireless configurations.it used extend range network printer audio server.in airport express took new shape similar second third generation apple tv.new product also features two mbits ethernet lan ports.airport time capsule airport time capsule version airport extreme builtin hard drive currently coming either tb tb sizes previous version tb gb.features builtin design used time machine mac os x leopard automatically makes incremental data backups.
AirPort	acting wireless file server airport time capsule serve back multiple macs.also includes airport extreme .draftn functionality.on march time capsule updated simultaneous dualband .draftn capability remote airport disk accessibility back mac ability broadcast guest network time existing network.on october apple unveiled updated time capsule antenna improvements resulting wireless performance gains speed range.also stated resulting performance improvementtime reduction time capsule backups .in june apple unveiled updated time capsule higher capacity tb tb.
AirPort	also changed wireless card marvell chip broadcom bcm chip.used conjunction latest macbooks macbook pros macbook airs also use broadcom bcm wireless chip wireless signal improved thanks broadcoms frame bursting technology.on june apple renamed time capsule airport time capsule added support .ac standard.airport cards airport card applebranded wireless card used connect wireless networks provided airport base station.airport .b card original model known simply airport card rebranded lucent wavelanorinoco gold pc card modified housing lacked integrated antenna.designed capable userinstallable.
AirPort	also modified way could used regular pcmcia slot time significantly cheaper official wavelanorinoco gold card.an airport card adapter required use card slotloading imacs.airport extreme .g cards corresponding release airport extreme base station airport extreme card became available option current models.based broadcom .g chipset housed custom form factor electrically compatible mini pci standard.also capable userinstalled.variants userinstallable airport extreme card marked early north american spec current north american spec europeasia spec additional channels unknown.a different .g card included last iteration powerpcbased powerbooks ibooks.major distinction card first combo card included .g well bluetooth.
AirPort	also first card userinstallable.custom form factor still electrically mini pci interface broadcom wlan chip.separate usb connection used onboard bluetooth chip.the airport extreme .g card discontinued january .integrated airport extreme .abg n cards .g began come standard notebook models apple phased userinstallable designs notebooks imacs mac minis mid moving integrated design.airport continued option either installed purchase later power mac g mac pro.with introduction intelbased macbook pro january apple began use standard pci express mini card.
AirPort	particular brand model card changed years early models atheros brand since late broadcom cards.distinction mostly concern run operating systems linux macbooks different cards require different device drivers.the macbook air mid macbook air mid macbook air late model use broadcom bcm pciebt wifi card main chip bcm × .ghz ghz.the macbook pro retina mid uses broadcom bcmcsax main chip bcm × .ghz ghz mbits.in early apple announced intel core duobased macs shipping since november already included airport extreme cards compatible draft.draftn specification.
AirPort	apple also offered application enable .draftn functionality macs fee .free purchase airport extreme base station.starting leopard draftn functionality quietly enabled macs draftn cards.card also pci express mini design used three antenna connectors notebooks imacs order use × mimo antenna configuration.
AirPort	cards mac pro apple tv two antenna connectors support × configuration.network utility application located applications → utilities used identify model supported protocols installed airport card.integrated airport extreme .ac cards macbook air mid uses broadcom bcmcs main chip bcm × .security airport airport extreme support variety security technologies prevent eavesdropping unauthorized network access including several forms cryptography.the original graphite airport base station used bit wired equivalent privacy wep.secondgeneration model known dual ethernet snow airport base station like wifi products used bit bit wired equivalent privacy wep.
AirPort	airport extreme express base stations retain option also allow encourage use wifi protected access wpa july wpa.airport extreme cards use broadcom chipset media access control layer software.driver closed source.airport disk airport disk feature shares hard disk connected airport extreme time capsule though airport express smallscale nas.airport disk accessed windows linux well mac os x using smbcifs protocol fat volumes smbcifs afp hfs partitions.ntfs exfatformatted volumes supported.although windows natively support hfs hfs volume airport disk easily accessed windows.
AirPort	smbcifs protocol used access disk hence access windows filesystemindependent.therefore hfs viable option windows well os x users flexible fat latter gib file size limit.recent firmware versions cause internal disk external usb drives sleep periods time short minutes.a caveat use airport disk afp port reserved service allow simultaneous use port forwarding provide afp services external users.also true time capsule setup use networkbased time machine backup location main purpose default configuration.airport administrator must choose using airport disk providing remote access afp services.the airport extreme time capsule recognize multiple disks connected via usb hub.see also airdropairprintitunessleep proxy servicetimeline apple productswireless lanieee .
Adobe Flash Player	notes external links airport products archived airport productsairport manualsairport software compatibility tableapple airport .n first look ifixitflash player capable viewing multimedia contents executing rich internet applications streaming audio video.addition flash player run web browser browser plugin supported mobile devices.originally created futurewave name futuresplash player renamed flash player macromedia acquired futurewave .developed distributed adobe systems adobe acquired macromedia .currently developed distributed zhongcheng users china harman international enterprise users outside china collaboration adobe.
Adobe Flash Player	flash player distributed freeware.exception chinaspecific enterprise supported variants flash player discontinued december download page disappeared two days later.since january flash player original global variants versions newer ... released may refuse play flash content instead display static warning message.flash player runs swf files created adobe flash professional adobe flash builder thirdparty tools flashdevelop.flash player supports vector graphics graphics embedded audio video raster graphics scripting language called actionscript.actionscript based ecmascript similar javascript supports objectoriented code.
Adobe Flash Player	internet explorer microsoft edge legacy windows later along google chrome versions windows came bundled sandboxed adobe flash plugin.flash player large user base common format web games animations graphical user interface gui elements embedded web pages.however popular use flash among age group flash games.adobe stated million billion connected desktops update new version flash player within six weeks release.however flash player become increasingly criticized performance consumption battery mobile devices number security vulnerabilities discovered software closed platform nature.apple cofounder steve jobs highly critical flash player published open letter detailing apples reasoning supporting flash ios device family.
Adobe Flash Player	usage also waned modern web standards allow flashs use cases fulfilled without thirdparty plugins.features adobe flash player runtime executes displays content provided swf file although inbuilt features modify swf file runtime.execute software written actionscript programming language enables runtime manipulation text data vector graphics raster graphics sound video.player also access certain connected hardware devices including web cameras microphones permission granted user.flash player used internally adobe integrated runtime air provide crossplatform runtime environment desktop applications mobile applications.air supports installable applications windows linux macos mobile operating systems ios android.
Adobe Flash Player	flash applications must specifically built air runtime use additional features provided file system integration native client extensions native windowscreen integration taskbardock integration hardware integration connected accelerometer gps devices.data formats flash player included native support many data formats accessed actionscript scripting interface.xml flash player included native support xml parsing generation since version .xml data held memory xml document object model manipulated using actionscript.actionscript also supports ecmascript xml ex allows xml data manipulated easily.json flash player includes native support importing exporting data javascript object notation json format allows interoperability web services javascript programs.amf flash player allows application data stored users computers form local shared objects flash equivalent browser cookies.flash player also natively read write files action message format default data format local shared objects.
Adobe Flash Player	since amf format specification published data transferred flash applications using amf datasets instead json xml reducing need parsing validating data.swf specification swf file format published adobe enabling development swx format project used swf file format amf means flash applications exchange data server side applications.swx system stores data standard swf bytecode automatically interpreted flash player.another opensource project swxml allows flash applications load xml files native actionscript objects without clientside xml parsing converting xml files swfamf server.multimedia formats flash player primarily graphics multimedia platform supported raster graphics vector graphics since earliest version.supports following different multimedia formats natively decode play back.mp support decoding playback streaming mpeg audio layer iii mp audio introduced flash player .
Adobe Flash Player	mp files accessed played back server via http embedded inside swf file also streaming format.flv support decoding playing back video audio inside flash video flv fv files format developed adobe systems macromedia.flash video container format supports multiple different video codecs sorenson spark vp recently h.. flash player uses hardware acceleration display video present using technologies directx video acceleration opengl so.flash video used youtube hulu yahoo video bbc online news providers.flv files played back server using http progressive download also embedded inside swf file.flash video also streamed via rtmp using adobe flash media server serverside software.png support decoding rendering portable network graphics png images bit opaque bit semitransparent variants.
Adobe Flash Player	flash player also encode png bitmap via actionscript.jpeg support decoding rendering compressed jpeg images.flash player added support jpegxr advanced image compression standard developed microsoft corporation results better compression quality jpeg.jpegxr enables lossy lossless compression without alpha channel transparency.flash player also encode jpeg jpegxr bitmap via actionscript.gif support decoding rendering compressed graphics interchange format gif images singleframe variants only.loading multiframe gif display first image frame.
Adobe Flash Player	streaming protocols http support communicating web servers using http requests post data.however websites explicitly allow flash connect accessed via http sockets prevent flash used tool crosssite request forgery crosssite scripting dns rebinding denialofservice attacks.websites must host certain xml file termed cross domain policy allowing denying flash content specific websites connect them.certain websites digg flickr photobucket already host cross domain policy permits flash content access website via http.rtmp support live audio video streaming using real time messaging protocol rtmp developed macromedia.rtmp supports nonencrypted version transmission control protocol tcp encrypted version secure transport layer security ssl connection.
Adobe Flash Player	rtmpt also encapsulated within http requests traverse firewalls allow http traffic.tcp support transmission control protocol tcp internet socket communication communicate type server using stream sockets.sockets used via actionscript transfer plain text xml binary data actionscript .later.prevent security issues web servers permit flash content communicate using sockets must host xmlbased cross domain policy file served port .sockets enable programs interface kind server software mysql.
Adobe Flash Player	performance hardware acceleration version flash player support gpu acceleration.version added limited form support shaders materials form pixel bender api still gpuaccelerated vertex processing.significant change came version added new lowlevel api called staged initially codenamed molehill provides full gpu acceleration similar webgl.partial support gpu acceleration pixel bender completely removed flash .resulting disruption projects like mits scratch lacked manpower recode applications quickly enough.current versions flash player optimized use hardware acceleration video playback graphics rendering many devices including desktop computers.
Adobe Flash Player	performance similar html video playback.also flash player used multiple mobile devices primary user interface renderer.compilation although code written actionscript executes times faster prior actionscript adobe actionscript compiler nonoptimizing compiler produces inefficient bytecode resulting swf compared toolkits crossbridge.crossbridge toolkit targets c code run within flash player uses llvm compiler produce bytecode runs times faster code actionscript compiler produces llvm compiler uses aggressive optimization.adobe released actionscript compiler asc flex .onwards improves compilation times optimizes generated bytecode supports method inlining improving performance runtime.as haxe multiplatform language build programs flash player perform faster application built adobe flex sdk compiler.development methods flash player applications games built two significantly different methodsflex applications adobe flex framework integrated collection stylable graphical user interface data manipulation networking components applications built upon termed flex applications.
Adobe Flash Player	startup time reduced since flex framework must downloaded application begins weighs approximately kb.editors include adobe flash builder flashdevelop.pure actionscript applications applications built without flex framework allow greater flexibility performance.video games built flash player typically pureactionscript projects.various opensource component frameworks available pure actionscript projects madcomponents provide ui components significantly smaller swf file sizes.in methods developers access full flash player set functions including text vector graphics bitmap graphics video audio camera microphone others.air also includes added features file system integration native extensions native desktop integration hardware integration connected devices.
Adobe Flash Player	development tools adobe provides five ways developing applications flash playeradobe animate graphic design animation scripting toolsetadobe flash builder enterprise application development debuggingadobe scout visual profiler performance optimizationapache flex free sdk compile flash adobe air applications source code developed adobe donated apache foundationcrossbridge free sdk crosscompile c code run flash playerthirdparty development environments also availableflashdevelop opensource flash actionscript ide includes debugger air applicationspowerflasher fdt commercial actionscript idecodedrive extension microsoft visual studio actionscript development debuggingmtasc compilerhaxe multiplatform language game development adobe offers free adobe gaming sdk consisting august several opensource libraries built flash player staged apis gpuaccelerated graphicsawayd gpuaccelerated graphics animation enginestarling gpuaccelerated graphics mimics flash display list apifeathers gpuaccelerated skinnable gui library built top starlingdragon bones gpuaccelerated skeletal animation librarya commercial game engines target flash player staged runtime environment unity unreal engine .introduction staged number older engines isometric engines like flixel saw heyday.adobe also developed crossbridge toolkit crosscompiles cc code run within flash player using llvm gcc compiler backends highperformance memoryaccess opcodes flash player termed domain memory work inmemory data quickly.crossbridge targeted toward game development industry includes tools building testing debugging cc projects flash player.notable online video games developed flash include angry birds farmville adventurequest started still active .papa louie franchise.availability desktop platforms adobe flash player available two major flavorsthe plugin version use various web browsersthe projector version standalone player open swf files directly.on february adobe announced would longer release new versions npapi flash plugins linux although flash player .
Adobe Flash Player	would continue receive security updates.august adobe announced beginning version resume offering flash player linux browsers.the extended support release esr flash player macos windows version flash player kept date security updates none new features bug fixes available later versions.august adobe discontinued esr branch instead focused solely standard release.version run windows using kernelex.hp offered version player hpux innotek gmbh offered versions os.versions player available point beos.
Adobe Flash Player	mobile platforms flash player emerged de facto standard online video publishing desktop adaptive bitrate video streaming drlm fullscreen support.mobile devices however apple refused allow flash player within inbuilt ios web browser adobe changed strategy enabling flash content delivered native mobile applications using adobe integrated runtime.up flash player available android arm cortexa although june google announced android .codenamed jelly bean would support flash default.august adobe stopped updating flash android.flash player supported select range mobile tablet devices acer blackberry dell htc lenovo logitech lg motorola samsung sharp softbank sony sony ericsson toshiba.adobe stopped browserbased flash player development mobile browsers favor html however adobe continues support flash content mobile devices adobe integrated runtime allows developers publish content runs native applications certain supported mobile phone platforms.adobe said optimize flash use arm architecture armv armv architectures used cortexa series processors arm family release second half .
Adobe Flash Player	company also stated wants enable flash nvidia tegra texas instruments omap samsung arms.beginning announced adobe would bringing flash tv sets via intel media processor ce mid.arm holdings later said welcomes move flash transform mobile applications removes claim desktop controls internet.however may expected armlinux netbook devices poor support web video fragmented software base.among devices leapfrog enterprises provides flash player leapster multimedia learning system extended flash player touchscreen support.version recent version available linuxarmbased nokia nn internet tablets running maemo os.
Adobe Flash Player	versions player available point symbian os palm os.kodak easyshare one includes flash player.the following table documents historical support flash player mobile operating systems hardware cpu emulators created flash player including chip commodore zx spectrum nintendo entertainment system.enable video games created platforms run within flash player.end life adobe announced july would end support normalglobal variant flash player january encouraged developers use html standards place flash.announcement coordinated apple facebook google microsoft mozilla.
Adobe Flash Player	adobe announced major web browsers planned officially remove adobe flash player component december microsoft removed windows os january via windows update.move reduce number flash player installations adobe added time bomb flash disable existing installations january .mid flash player started prompting users uninstall itself.adobe removed existing download links flash installers.january major web browsers including apple safari google chrome microsoft edge mozilla firefox already permanently removed flash support.
Adobe Flash Player	however flash content continues accessible web emulators ruffle varying degrees compatibility performance although endorsed adobe.web browsers google chrome starting chrome flash disabled default without prompts activate flash content.users wanted play flash content manually set browser prompt flash content browser session enable flash plugin every site individually.microsoft edge based chromium follow plan google chrome.google chrome blocked flash plugin date january fully removed browser chrome version released january .mozilla firefox starting firefox flash disabled default without prompts activate flash content.
Adobe Flash Player	play flash content users manually set browser prompt flash content browser session enable flash plugin every site individually.firefox released january completely removed support flash plugin.firefox esr dropped support november firefox esr last version support.microsoft windows october microsoft released update named kb windows .removes embedded adobe flash player component ie edge legacy.
Adobe Flash Player	july update automatically installed security patch.however activex flash player plugin may still used ie update applied.apple safari apple dropped flash player support safari alongside release macos big sur.fallout despite years notice several websites still using flash following december including u.s. securities exchange commission.many resolved weeks deadline.
Adobe Flash Player	however many educational institutions still relied flash educational material path forward replacement.posteol support adobe partnered harman support enterprise flash player users least .harman flash player variant labeled version .x avoid confusion variants.the chinaspecific variant flash supported beyond company known zhongcheng.projector standalone versions variant also work fine outside china include flash helper service however tracking code still seems present.available somewhat hidden debug page.
Adobe Flash Player	addition global variant plugin discontinued users figured modify repack chinaspecific variant bring line global variant.includes removing flash helper service removing china installation restriction along georestrictions tracking code.time bomb similar one found later versions global variant also present unmodified china variant also removed repacks.theory repacks provide users outside china latest security updates flash player without deal invasive advertisements worry privacy risks.one project clean flash installer served dmca takedown adobe october .shortly flash eol south african revenue service sars released custom version chromium browser adobe flash time bomb removed.
Adobe Flash Player	browser access small set sars online pages containing flashbased forms required filing financial reports.internet explorer along ie mode edge continue activex support extension flash player support.firefox forks plan continue npapi support extension flash player support include waterfox basilisk pale moon kmeleon.various chromiumbased chinese browsers also continue support flash player ppapi andor npapi form including limited secure browser.adobe flash player projector despite end general support global variant flash adobe flash player projector also known adobe flash player standalone still available download adobe.continues able play supported flash file formats including swf files.
Adobe Flash Player	content preservation projects internet archive hosts flash content makes playable modern browsers via emulators ruffle emularity.emulators cheerpx also exist options flash player emulation websites.bluemaximas flashpoint project claims collected adobe flash player games animations made available download.open source adobe released components adobe flash products open source software via open screen project donated open source organizations.technologies considered obsolete.
Adobe Flash Player	includes actionscript virtual machine avm implements actionscript donated opensource mozilla foundation adobe flex framework donated opensource apache software foundation rebranded apache flex superseded apache royale crossbridge c crosscompilation toolset released github.criticism accessibility usability browsers prior flash versions uninstalled updated version could installed.however version .windows automatic updater options.linux partially supported adobe cooperating google implement via chrome web browser linux platforms.mixing flash applications html leads inconsistent input handling leading poor user experience site keyboard mouse working would htmlonly document.
Adobe Flash Player	privacy flash player supports persistent local storage data also referred local shared objects used similarly http cookies web storage web applications.local storage flash player allows websites store nonexecutable data users computer authentication information game high scores web browser games serverbased session identifiers site preferences saved work temporary files.flash player allow content originating exactly website domain access data saved local storage.because local storage used save information computer later retrieved site site use gather user statistics similar http cookies web storage used.technologies possibility building profile based user statistics considered potential privacy concern.users disable restrict use local storage flash player settings manager page.
Adobe Flash Player	settings accessed adobe website rightclicking flashbased content selecting global settings.local storage disabled entirely sitebysite basis.disabling local storage block content saving local user information using flash player may disable reduce functionality websites saved preferences high scores saved progress games.flash player .upward honor privacy mode settings latest versions chrome firefox internet explorer safari web browsers local storage data saved browsers privacy mode use.security adobe security bulletins advisories announce security updates adobe flash player release notes disclose security issues addressed release closes security holes making difficult evaluate urgency particular update.version test page allows user check latest version installed uninstallers may used ensure oldversion plugins uninstalled installed browsers.in february adobe officially apologized fixing known vulnerability year.
Adobe Flash Player	june adobe announced critical vulnerability recent versions saying reports vulnerability actively exploited wild adobe flash player adobe reader acrobat.later october adobe announced another critical vulnerability time also affecting androidbased mobile devices.android users recommended disable flash make demand.subsequent security vulnerabilities also exposed android users two critical vulnerabilities published february four critical vulnerabilities published march could lead arbitrary code execution.symantecs internet security threat report states remote code execution adobe reader flash player second attacked vulnerability .report also recommended using browser extensions disable flash player usage untrusted websites.
Adobe Flash Player	mcafee predicted adobe software especially reader flash would primary target attacks .adobe applications become least point popular clientsoftware targets attackers last quarter .kaspersky security network published statistics third quarter showing .users affected one critical vulnerabilities.report also highlighted flash player vulnerabilities enable cybercriminals bypass security systems integrated application.steve jobs criticized security flash player noting symantec recently highlighted flash one worst security records .
Adobe Flash Player	adobe responded pointing symantec global internet threat report found flash player second lowest number vulnerabilities internet technologies listed included web plugins browsers.on april adobe released flash player patch zeroday memory corruption vulnerability cve could used deliver malware via magnitude exploit kit.vulnerability could exploited remote code execution.vendor lockin flash player .play certain kinds content unless digitally signed adobe following license obtained publisher directly adobe.this move adobe together abandonment flex apache criticized way lock independent tool developers favor adobes commercial tools.this resolved january adobe longer requires license royalty developer.premium features classified general availability freely used flash applications.
Adobe Flash Player	apple controversy april steve jobs time ceo apple inc. published open letter explaining apple would support flash iphone ipod touch ipad.letter blamed problems openness stability security performance touchscreen integration flash player reasons refusing support it.also claimed one apples macintosh computers crashes often cause attributed flash described flash buggy.adobes ceo shantanu narayen responded saying flash number one reason macs crash im aware much apple operating system.steve jobs also claimed large percentage video internet supported ios since many popular video sharing websites youtube published video content html compatible format enabling videos playback mobile web browsers even without flash player.mainland chinaspecific variant starting version adobe stopped distributing flash player directly users mainland china.
Adobe Flash Player	instead selected .cn partner released special variant flash player specific website contains nonclosable process known flash helper service collects private information pops advertisement window contents receiving running encrypted programs remote server.partnership started version adobe disabled usage vanilla global variant flash player mainland china forcing users use specific variant may pose risk users due chinas internet censorship.affected chinese chromium based browser users firefox users internet explorer users using windows microsoft still directly distributed flash player internet explorer microsoft edge windows update windows upward time.starting however variant publicly supported version flash player.release history see also adobe airadobe shockwaveapache flexmicrosoft silverlight references reading understanding flash player adobe scout – article discussing internals player adobe scout profiling tool external links official websiteadobe flash player debug downloads contains latest version standalone projector.archived adobe flash player versions wayback machine archived july flash tester archived june wayback machine explains official old working version check
Adobe Flash Player	flash player capable viewing multimedia contents executing rich internet applications streaming audio video.addition flash player run web browser browser plugin supported mobile devices.originally created futurewave name futuresplash player renamed flash player macromedia acquired futurewave .developed distributed adobe systems adobe acquired macromedia .currently developed distributed zhongcheng users china harman international enterprise users outside china collaboration adobe.
Adobe Flash Player	flash player distributed freeware.exception chinaspecific enterprise supported variants flash player discontinued december download page disappeared two days later.since january flash player original global variants versions newer ... released may refuse play flash content instead display static warning message.flash player runs swf files created adobe flash professional adobe flash builder thirdparty tools flashdevelop.flash player supports vector graphics graphics embedded audio video raster graphics scripting language called actionscript.actionscript based ecmascript similar javascript supports objectoriented code.
Adobe Flash Player	internet explorer microsoft edge legacy windows later along google chrome versions windows came bundled sandboxed adobe flash plugin.flash player large user base common format web games animations graphical user interface gui elements embedded web pages.however popular use flash among age group flash games.adobe stated million billion connected desktops update new version flash player within six weeks release.however flash player become increasingly criticized performance consumption battery mobile devices number security vulnerabilities discovered software closed platform nature.apple cofounder steve jobs highly critical flash player published open letter detailing apples reasoning supporting flash ios device family.
Adobe Flash Player	usage also waned modern web standards allow flashs use cases fulfilled without thirdparty plugins.features adobe flash player runtime executes displays content provided swf file although inbuilt features modify swf file runtime.execute software written actionscript programming language enables runtime manipulation text data vector graphics raster graphics sound video.player also access certain connected hardware devices including web cameras microphones permission granted user.flash player used internally adobe integrated runtime air provide crossplatform runtime environment desktop applications mobile applications.air supports installable applications windows linux macos mobile operating systems ios android.
Adobe Flash Player	flash applications must specifically built air runtime use additional features provided file system integration native client extensions native windowscreen integration taskbardock integration hardware integration connected accelerometer gps devices.data formats flash player included native support many data formats accessed actionscript scripting interface.xml flash player included native support xml parsing generation since version .xml data held memory xml document object model manipulated using actionscript.actionscript also supports ecmascript xml ex allows xml data manipulated easily.json flash player includes native support importing exporting data javascript object notation json format allows interoperability web services javascript programs.amf flash player allows application data stored users computers form local shared objects flash equivalent browser cookies.flash player also natively read write files action message format default data format local shared objects.
Adobe Flash Player	since amf format specification published data transferred flash applications using amf datasets instead json xml reducing need parsing validating data.swf specification swf file format published adobe enabling development swx format project used swf file format amf means flash applications exchange data server side applications.swx system stores data standard swf bytecode automatically interpreted flash player.another opensource project swxml allows flash applications load xml files native actionscript objects without clientside xml parsing converting xml files swfamf server.multimedia formats flash player primarily graphics multimedia platform supported raster graphics vector graphics since earliest version.supports following different multimedia formats natively decode play back.mp support decoding playback streaming mpeg audio layer iii mp audio introduced flash player .
Adobe Flash Player	mp files accessed played back server via http embedded inside swf file also streaming format.flv support decoding playing back video audio inside flash video flv fv files format developed adobe systems macromedia.flash video container format supports multiple different video codecs sorenson spark vp recently h.. flash player uses hardware acceleration display video present using technologies directx video acceleration opengl so.flash video used youtube hulu yahoo video bbc online news providers.flv files played back server using http progressive download also embedded inside swf file.flash video also streamed via rtmp using adobe flash media server serverside software.png support decoding rendering portable network graphics png images bit opaque bit semitransparent variants.
Adobe Flash Player	flash player also encode png bitmap via actionscript.jpeg support decoding rendering compressed jpeg images.flash player added support jpegxr advanced image compression standard developed microsoft corporation results better compression quality jpeg.jpegxr enables lossy lossless compression without alpha channel transparency.flash player also encode jpeg jpegxr bitmap via actionscript.gif support decoding rendering compressed graphics interchange format gif images singleframe variants only.loading multiframe gif display first image frame.
Adobe Flash Player	streaming protocols http support communicating web servers using http requests post data.however websites explicitly allow flash connect accessed via http sockets prevent flash used tool crosssite request forgery crosssite scripting dns rebinding denialofservice attacks.websites must host certain xml file termed cross domain policy allowing denying flash content specific websites connect them.certain websites digg flickr photobucket already host cross domain policy permits flash content access website via http.rtmp support live audio video streaming using real time messaging protocol rtmp developed macromedia.rtmp supports nonencrypted version transmission control protocol tcp encrypted version secure transport layer security ssl connection.

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