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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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language:
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- pt
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- en
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- de
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- es
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- tr
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pretty_name: MOL
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---
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# MOL - Context-Aware Multilingual Offensive Lexicon
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The MOL is the first specialized lexicon for hate speech detection, annotated with contextual information.
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It consists of 1,000 explicit and implicit (clue-based) human-annotated rationales with pejorative connotations, manually identified by a linguist and annotated by three experts regarding their contextual dependency (context-dependent or context-independent).
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For example, the term "stupid" is classified as a context-independent offensive term, as it is predominantly used in pejorative contexts. In contrast, the terms "useless" and "worm" are considered context-dependent offensive terms because they can appear in both non-pejorative contexts—such as "this smartphone is useless" or "the fisherman uses worms for bait"—and pejorative contexts, such as "this last President was useless" or "this human being is such a worm."
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Each term and expression in the MOL was annotated by three independent annotators, achieving a high inter-annotator agreement score (73% Kappa). Originally developed in Portuguese, MOL was manually translated by native speakers into English, Spanish, French, German, and Turkish, ensuring cultural adaptations in each language. As a result, MOL is available in six different languages.
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The table below describes the MOL statistics
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<div align="center">
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<table>
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<tr><th>Contextual Information</th><th>Hate Targets </th></tr>
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<tr><td>
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|class|label|total|
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|--|--|--|
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|Context-independent offensive|1|612|
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|Context-depedent offensive|0|387|
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|Total||1,000|
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</td><td>
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|class|total|
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|--|--|
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|no-hate |864|
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|partyism|69|
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|sexism|35|
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|homophobia|16|
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|fatphobia|9|
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|religious intolerance|9|
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|antisemitism|1|
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|apology for the dictatorship|5|
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|racism|4|
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|antisemitistm|3|
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|total|1,000|
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</td></tr></table>
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</div>
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