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license: other
task_categories:
- text-generation
language:
- en
tags:
- code
- kernel
- osdev
- linux
- freebsd
- openbsd
- netbsd
- rust
- systems-programming
pretty_name: KernelLLM-2
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---
# KernelLLM-2 Dataset
A high-quality raw dataset for training and fine-tuning LLMs on Operating System Development, significantly expanded for the second version.
## Overview
This dataset combines raw source code from a variety of mature and hobbyist operating system kernels with thousands of expert-level technical discussions and critiques from the Linux Kernel Mailing List, plus unique Git logic-diff traces.
> [!NOTE]
> The source code included in this dataset represents the latest stable versions of the respective repositories as of **February 27th 2026**.
## Dataset Structure
The dataset is provided in **Parquet** format for optimal compression and integration with the `datasets` library.
### 1. `kernelllm_dataset_v2.parquet` (~1.8 GB)
**Unified Knowledge Base:**
- **Files/Entries:** 367,769
- **Size:** ~1.8 GB (Parquet), ~6.1 GB (Raw JSONL)
- **Sources:** 20+ Kernel and System Projects.
- **Cleaning:**
- Preserved `SPDX-License-Identifier` and `Copyright` lines while removing generic licensing boilerplate headers to prioritize logic.
- Exact and "smart" deduplication across repositories.
- Excluded files < 100 characters to remove boilerplate headers.
#### Repository Distribution:
| Repository | Entry Count |
|------------|------------|
| NetBSD | 83,959 |
| Linux | 69,197 |
| FreeBSD | 50,127 |
| OpenBSD | 27,522 |
| illumos | 24,703 |
| Zephyr | 19,066 |
| ReactOS | 17,688 |
| Haiku | 15,472 |
| U-Boot | 12,674 |
| Coreboot | 12,082 |
| SerenityOS | 9,159 |
| QEMU | 7,029 |
| EDK2 | 5,869 |
| Xen Hypervisor | 2,311 |
| musl libc | 1,875 |
| GRUB | 1,706 |
| Asterinas | 1,417 |
| seL4 | 641 |
| Limine | 151 |
| Redox OS | 34 |
### 2. Specialized Data Types
- **`git_logdiff`:** (234 entries) Pairs commit messages with filtered logic-diffs to show how code evolves.
- **`lkml_critique`:** (~26,600 pairs) Contentious technical discussions pairing code snippets with maintainer feedback.
### 3. Dataset Schema
The unified dataset contains three primary data types, each with a specific schema:
#### Source Code (`data_type: "source"`)
```json
{
"data_type": "source",
"source": "repository_name",
"filepath": "relative/path/to/file.c",
"code": "cleaned_source_code_content"
}
```
#### Git Commit Diffs (`data_type: "git_logdiff"`)
```json
{
"data_type": "git_logdiff",
"commit": "commit_sha_hash",
"source": "repository_name",
"message": "commit_message",
"code": "git_diff_output"
}
```
#### LKML Critiques (`data_type: "lkml_critique"`)
```json
{
"data_type": "lkml_critique",
"source": "mailing_list_name",
"subject": "[PATCH] subject_line",
"code": "patch_content",
"critique": "maintainer_feedback",
"metadata": {
"author": "reviewer_email",
"date": "email_date",
"thread_id": "thread_identifier",
"is_openbsd": boolean
}
}
```
#### Data Processing Features
- **Deduplication:** Content-based hashing with normalized whitespace
- **License Header Cleaning:** Preserves SPDX identifiers and copyright lines while removing generic boilerplate
- **Size Filtering:** Excludes files under 100 characters
- **Git-specific:** Deduplicates by commit SHA when available
- **Critique-specific:** Deduplicates based on code + critique content pairs
## Dataset Release Strategy
This is the **Raw** version of the dataset. It is intended for:
1. **Intermediate Training:** Pre-training on high-quality systems code.
2. **Fine-Tuning:** Instruction-tuning models to act as "Kernel Maintainers".
3. **Research:** Analyzing developer communication patterns in low-level systems.
## Licensing and Usage
This dataset is a collection of publicly available open-source code and mailing list archives. It contains content governed by multiple licenses. For full details, see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file.
* **GNU General Public License (GPL) v2/v3** (Linux, seL4, Xen, QEMU, coreboot, GRUB, U-Boot, ReactOS)
* **Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL)** (illumos)
* **BSD 2-Clause / 3-Clause / 4-Clause & ISC** (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, SerenityOS, Limine)
* **MIT License** (Redox, Haiku, musl)
* **Apache License 2.0** (Zephyr)
* **Mozilla Public License (MPL) 2.0** (Asterinas)
* **BSD-2-Clause-Patent** (EDK2)
### Disclaimer
1. **Original Licenses Apply:** The individual source code files and mailing list archives contained in this dataset remain governed by their original respective licenses.
2. **Attribution:** The `source` and `author` fields (where available) facilitate attribution.
3. **Research & Ethics:** This dataset is provided primarily for research and educational purposes in the field of LLM training and systems programming analysis.
4. **License Compliance:** Users of this dataset are responsible for ensuring that their use of the data complies with all applicable licenses.
### Opt-out
If you are a maintainer of one of the included repositories and would like your data removed from future versions of this dataset, please open an issue on the Hugging Face dataset page.
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