question
stringlengths 1
6.53k
| subject
stringclasses 1
value | choices
listlengths 4
4
| answer
class label 4
classes | instruction
stringlengths 44
6.7k
| input
stringclasses 1
value | output
stringlengths 4
538
| augmented_instruction
stringlengths 252
9.31k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rules in the reading room Hello, everyone. Welcome to the school reading room. We hope you have a good time here. Before you go into the reading room, there are some rules you need to keep. 1.The reading room is open from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. from Monday to Friday. 2. Don't take your bag into the reading room. 3. Don't talk loudly in the reading room. 4. Don't take any food or drink into the reading room. 5. Take only one book at a time. After you finish reading the book, you must put it back and then you can take another one. Don't take many books to your seat. 6. Before you leave, you must the book to the bookshelf. You can't take any book out of the reading room. How long is the reading room open every day?
|
[
"Ten hours.",
"Nine hours.",
"Seven hours.",
"Eight hours."
] | 1B
|
Rules in the reading room Hello, everyone. Welcome to the school reading room. We hope you have a good time here. Before you go into the reading room, there are some rules you need to keep. 1.The reading room is open from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. from Monday to Friday. 2. Don't take your bag into the reading room. 3. Don't talk loudly in the reading room. 4. Don't take any food or drink into the reading room. 5. Take only one book at a time. After you finish reading the book, you must put it back and then you can take another one. Don't take many books to your seat. 6. Before you leave, you must the book to the bookshelf. You can't take any book out of the reading room. How long is the reading room open every day?
A. Ten hours.
B. Nine hours.
C. Seven hours.
D. Eight hours.
|
B. Nine hours.
|
Retrieved:
and using relaxation techniques can assist in having good night's sleep. relaxation techniques can also help to reduce stress, physical tension and be a useful pain management technique. there are a variety of mindfulness strategies which include things like deep breathing, guided - imagery or progressive muscle relaxation. all techniques need to be practiced over time, and it may be necessary to try different combinations to find the method that works best for each individual. these techniques are readily available online, in books, recordings, apps or by seeing a trained professional such as a psychologist. = = = = education and employment = = = = most children with jia will be able to consistently attend school, without too many disruptions, even during a disease flare. however, they may require extra help or adaptations in order to do so. maximising school attendance involves collaboration between the family, the school and the health care team. prolonged or repeated school absences can have academic, social and emotional implications ; except in rare circumstances they are rarely necessary ( other than absences for medical or therapy appointments ). these adaptations may include requiring extra time to get between classes or during examinations, using specialised pens or switching to typing rather than handwriting, or minimising the load of heavy books or equipment to be carried in a child's school bag. the exact requirements will vary from child - to - child and will depend on the joints affected. in many instances, the child's treating team will be able to provide specific advice and information for teachers and coaches to smooth the transition back to school. this may take the form of an individualized plan outlining any extra measures that need to be taken at school, what to do in the case of unexpected events or medication administration during school hours. importantly, jia can be disruptive not just to the academic aspects of school. it is equally important to optimise school attendance so that the child can maintain friendships and keep up with opportunities to socialize with peers. as adolescents progress through high school, they may need to factor their current medical status and functional abilities into decisions around their future education and employment plans. most children with jia will not be restricted in their study goals or professional aspirations. students with jia can usually apply for special arrangements during assessment periods, such as additional time to allow for rest / stretch periods and use of adaptive equipment in some situations. these applications often need to be supported by the treating medical team. the treating team can assist adolescents in finding ways to tell their employers about their condition in a positive way. ots and social workers can also
Original Instruction:
Rules in the reading room Hello, everyone. Welcome to the school reading room. We hope you have a good time here. Before you go into the reading room, there are some rules you need to keep. 1.The reading room is open from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. from Monday to Friday. 2. Don't take your bag into the reading room. 3. Don't talk loudly in the reading room. 4. Don't take any food or drink into the reading room. 5. Take only one book at a time. After you finish reading the book, you must put it back and then you can take another one. Don't take many books to your seat. 6. Before you leave, you must the book to the bookshelf. You can't take any book out of the reading room. How long is the reading room open every day?
A. Ten hours.
B. Nine hours.
C. Seven hours.
D. Eight hours.
|
||
AFRICAN MANGO FAQs Q : How do I use AFRICAN MANGO? A : It's simple... Just take one rapid - release capsule , 3 times daily before meals (i.e., 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner.) Q : Is it safe? A : Yes. Unlike other diet pills, Pure African Mango Extract (lrvingia gabonensis) does not contain any natural or artificial stimulants. Clinical studies have shown this nutrient to be both safe and well-tolerated. It's easy on your system and helps you lose body fat naturally. Q : Who uses AFRICAN MANGO? A : Everybody from A-List Hollywood movie stars to everyday men and women who want to lose pounds and inches of excess body fat. It's currently popular in Hollywood today because many of today's movie scripts call for actors and actresses to be in their absolute best shape. Q : Do I have to exercise and diet in order to see results? A : Research shows 100% Pure African Mango Extract helped people lose weight and belly fat without additional diet or exercise. However, in order to achieve your best weight-loss results, we highly recommend incorporating fun lifestyle exercises (like walking, tennis, etc.) and replacing high-calorie foods with healthy nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and lean proteins. Also, drinking more water daily speeds weight loss, according to a new study from Viginia Tech University. Q : When I place my order, it's a one-time-only transaction , right? A : Yes. Rest assured. When you shop with us, you can shop with confidence and peace of mind. Every order placed with us is 100% safe and secure. Our site is scanned and tested daily by McAfee SECURE. "The McAfee SECURE" trust mark (see the upper-left corner of our website) only appears when the website has passed their intensive, daily security scan. What's more, our customers never have to worry about being enrolled in auto-reship or auto-rebilling scams . Each and every order placed with us is a one-time-only transaction. CONSUMER TIP: Beware of sites that offer "free trials", which claim to charge only a small fee for shipping. However, more often than not, these "free trials" websites will continue to charge your card for regular monthly shipments if you don't return your "free trials" within 10 to 14 days. As the Official Website of African Mango, we offer only the purest, most effective African Mango available. What's more, as an accredited business, we do not engage in auto-rebilling, auto-reshipping, or any other business practices that are considered morally unacceptable. Your results, and your satisfaction, are 100% guaranteed. How can we buy African Mango securely?
|
[
"We can place an order securely with the help of search engine.",
"The official web site is your best choice.",
"McAfee SECURE promises the security of your order.",
"Many web sites providing \"free trials\" service are considered to be secure."
] | 1B
|
AFRICAN MANGO FAQs Q : How do I use AFRICAN MANGO? A : It's simple... Just take one rapid - release capsule , 3 times daily before meals (i.e., 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner.) Q : Is it safe? A : Yes. Unlike other diet pills, Pure African Mango Extract (lrvingia gabonensis) does not contain any natural or artificial stimulants. Clinical studies have shown this nutrient to be both safe and well-tolerated. It's easy on your system and helps you lose body fat naturally. Q : Who uses AFRICAN MANGO? A : Everybody from A-List Hollywood movie stars to everyday men and women who want to lose pounds and inches of excess body fat. It's currently popular in Hollywood today because many of today's movie scripts call for actors and actresses to be in their absolute best shape. Q : Do I have to exercise and diet in order to see results? A : Research shows 100% Pure African Mango Extract helped people lose weight and belly fat without additional diet or exercise. However, in order to achieve your best weight-loss results, we highly recommend incorporating fun lifestyle exercises (like walking, tennis, etc.) and replacing high-calorie foods with healthy nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and lean proteins. Also, drinking more water daily speeds weight loss, according to a new study from Viginia Tech University. Q : When I place my order, it's a one-time-only transaction , right? A : Yes. Rest assured. When you shop with us, you can shop with confidence and peace of mind. Every order placed with us is 100% safe and secure. Our site is scanned and tested daily by McAfee SECURE. "The McAfee SECURE" trust mark (see the upper-left corner of our website) only appears when the website has passed their intensive, daily security scan. What's more, our customers never have to worry about being enrolled in auto-reship or auto-rebilling scams . Each and every order placed with us is a one-time-only transaction. CONSUMER TIP: Beware of sites that offer "free trials", which claim to charge only a small fee for shipping. However, more often than not, these "free trials" websites will continue to charge your card for regular monthly shipments if you don't return your "free trials" within 10 to 14 days. As the Official Website of African Mango, we offer only the purest, most effective African Mango available. What's more, as an accredited business, we do not engage in auto-rebilling, auto-reshipping, or any other business practices that are considered morally unacceptable. Your results, and your satisfaction, are 100% guaranteed. How can we buy African Mango securely?
A. We can place an order securely with the help of search engine.
B. The official web site is your best choice.
C. McAfee SECURE promises the security of your order.
D. Many web sites providing "free trials" service are considered to be secure.
|
B. The official web site is your best choice.
|
Retrieved:
nutritional support under the care of a doctor in individuals with muscle wasting due to hiv / aids or cancer, to promote wound healing following surgery or injury, or when otherwise recommended by a medical professional. juven, a nutrition product which contains 3 grams of hmb - ca, 14 grams of l - arginine, and 14 grams of l - glutamine per two servings, has been shown to improve lean body mass during clinical trials in individuals with aids and cancer, but not rheumatoid cachexia. further research involving the treatment of cancer cachexia with juven over a period of several months is required to adequately determine treatment efficacy. = = = enhancing performance = = = with an appropriate exercise program, dietary supplementation with 3 grams of hmb per day has been shown to increase exercise - induced gains in muscle size, muscle strength and power, and lean body mass, reduce exercise - induced skeletal muscle damage, and expedite recovery from high - intensity exercise. based upon limited clinical research, hmb supplementation may also improve aerobic exercise performance and increase gains in aerobic fitness when combined with high - intensity interval training. these effects of hmb are more pronounced in untrained individuals and athletes who perform high intensity resistance or aerobic exercise. in resistance - trained populations, the effects of hmb on muscle strength and lean body mass are limited. hmb affects muscle size, strength, mass, power, and recovery in part by stimulating myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis and inhibiting muscle protein breakdown through various mechanisms, including the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 ( mtorc1 ) and inhibition of proteasome - mediated proteolysis in skeletal muscles. the efficacy of hmb supplementation for reducing skeletal muscle damage from prolonged or high - intensity exercise is affected by the time that it is used relative to exercise. the greatest reduction in skeletal muscle damage from a single bout of exercise has been shown to occur when hmb - ca is ingested 1 – 2 hours prior to exercise or hmb - fa is ingested 30 – 60 minutes prior to exercise. in 2006, only about 2 % of college student athletes in the united states used hmb as a dietary supplement. as of 2017, hmb has found widespread use as an ergogenic supplement among athletes. as of 2018, hmb has not been banned by the national collegiate athletic association, world anti - doping agency, or any other prominent national or international athletic organization. = = side effects =
Original Instruction:
AFRICAN MANGO FAQs Q : How do I use AFRICAN MANGO? A : It's simple... Just take one rapid - release capsule , 3 times daily before meals (i.e., 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner.) Q : Is it safe? A : Yes. Unlike other diet pills, Pure African Mango Extract (lrvingia gabonensis) does not contain any natural or artificial stimulants. Clinical studies have shown this nutrient to be both safe and well-tolerated. It's easy on your system and helps you lose body fat naturally. Q : Who uses AFRICAN MANGO? A : Everybody from A-List Hollywood movie stars to everyday men and women who want to lose pounds and inches of excess body fat. It's currently popular in Hollywood today because many of today's movie scripts call for actors and actresses to be in their absolute best shape. Q : Do I have to exercise and diet in order to see results? A : Research shows 100% Pure African Mango Extract helped people lose weight and belly fat without additional diet or exercise. However, in order to achieve your best weight-loss results, we highly recommend incorporating fun lifestyle exercises (like walking, tennis, etc.) and replacing high-calorie foods with healthy nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and lean proteins. Also, drinking more water daily speeds weight loss, according to a new study from Viginia Tech University. Q : When I place my order, it's a one-time-only transaction , right? A : Yes. Rest assured. When you shop with us, you can shop with confidence and peace of mind. Every order placed with us is 100% safe and secure. Our site is scanned and tested daily by McAfee SECURE. "The McAfee SECURE" trust mark (see the upper-left corner of our website) only appears when the website has passed their intensive, daily security scan. What's more, our customers never have to worry about being enrolled in auto-reship or auto-rebilling scams . Each and every order placed with us is a one-time-only transaction. CONSUMER TIP: Beware of sites that offer "free trials", which claim to charge only a small fee for shipping. However, more often than not, these "free trials" websites will continue to charge your card for regular monthly shipments if you don't return your "free trials" within 10 to 14 days. As the Official Website of African Mango, we offer only the purest, most effective African Mango available. What's more, as an accredited business, we do not engage in auto-rebilling, auto-reshipping, or any other business practices that are considered morally unacceptable. Your results, and your satisfaction, are 100% guaranteed. How can we buy African Mango securely?
A. We can place an order securely with the help of search engine.
B. The official web site is your best choice.
C. McAfee SECURE promises the security of your order.
D. Many web sites providing "free trials" service are considered to be secure.
|
||
Many years ago, children who had good manners kept quiet if their parents were talking with other persons. Today, well-mannered children have more freedom. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other place. Suppose you are a visitor in the prefix = st1 /landofMongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud "burp" after you finish eating. Burping will show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say, "Excuse me, please." In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia, it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show their good manners by turning their back on others while they eat. What are good manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you're polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia. You should walk behind the tents until you come to his tent. If you pass in front of the other tents, you will be asked into them. The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no. Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?
|
[
"Well-mannered children should always keep quiet.",
"Eating with others is bad manners.",
"Good manners are different from one place to another.",
"People always want others to bother them."
] | 2C
|
Many years ago, children who had good manners kept quiet if their parents were talking with other persons. Today, well-mannered children have more freedom. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other place. Suppose you are a visitor in the prefix = st1 /landofMongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud "burp" after you finish eating. Burping will show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say, "Excuse me, please." In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia, it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show their good manners by turning their back on others while they eat. What are good manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you're polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia. You should walk behind the tents until you come to his tent. If you pass in front of the other tents, you will be asked into them. The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no. Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?
A. Well-mannered children should always keep quiet.
B. Eating with others is bad manners.
C. Good manners are different from one place to another.
D. People always want others to bother them.
|
C. Good manners are different from one place to another.
|
Retrieved:
politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette so as not to offend others and to put them at ease. it is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or simply eccentric in another cultural context. while the goal of politeness is to refrain from behaving in an offensive way so as not to offend others, and to make all people feel relaxed and comfortable with one another, these culturally defined standards at times may be broken within the context of personal boundaries – this is known as positive politeness. = = types = = anthropologists penelope brown and stephen levinson identified four kinds of politeness, deriving from erving goffman's concept of face : negative politeness is the act of making a request less infringing, such as " if you don't mind... " or " if it isn't too much trouble... " ; respects a person's right to act freely. this is a variety of deference. there is a greater use of indirect speech acts. it is also considered a part of being assertive. non - assertive politeness is when a person refrains from making a comment or asserting their beliefs during a discussion so as to remain polite to others present. it is also when a person goes along with a decision made by someone else so as not to appear impolite, essentially following general social norms. assertive politeness can be when a person offers their opinion in a positive and constructive way to be assistive and helpful during an interaction, or refrains from purporting to agree with something they do not actually agree with in a way that does not offend others. positive politeness seeks to establish a positive relationship between parties, and it respects a person's need to be liked and understood. this standard of politeness is determined by personal boundaries, and often violates etiquette norms in letter. direct speech acts, swearing and flouting grice's maxims can be considered aspects of positive politeness because : they show an awareness that the relationship is strong enough to cope with what would normally be considered impolite ( in the popular understanding of the term ) ; they articulate an awareness of the other person's values, which fulfills the person's desire to be accepted. they convey a natural, relaxed, casual setting. some cultures, groups, and individuals prefer some ideals of politeness over the other. in this way
Original Instruction:
Many years ago, children who had good manners kept quiet if their parents were talking with other persons. Today, well-mannered children have more freedom. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other place. Suppose you are a visitor in the prefix = st1 /landofMongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud "burp" after you finish eating. Burping will show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say, "Excuse me, please." In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia, it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show their good manners by turning their back on others while they eat. What are good manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you're polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia. You should walk behind the tents until you come to his tent. If you pass in front of the other tents, you will be asked into them. The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no. Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?
A. Well-mannered children should always keep quiet.
B. Eating with others is bad manners.
C. Good manners are different from one place to another.
D. People always want others to bother them.
|
||
Lisa Pina never thought she would need the fire safety training she received during her apprenticeship as a union painter and dry waller. On Friday morning,she was thanking God she had _ . On Thursday night,while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter,nephew and two nieces in her sister's apartment,she smelled smoke and realized the apartment building was on fire. When her 4yearold granddaughter Ilean Garcia began saying,"We're going to die,"she knew she had to act.Pina,39,first sealed the door,and then told all four children to get on the floor. After calling 911,she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as soon as they reached safety. "I said,'OK,we're going to lie down and we're all going to play a game,'" Pina said. "We all started singing our ABCs and 123s.I was just trying to make it fun." Pina patiently waited,and a few minutes later,Riverside County sheriff's deputies arrived. Pina,Ilean,8yearold Gabriel Parga,5yearold Aubreyana Parga and 4yearold Meriyah Parga were all trapped on the second floor as flames filled the first story. Pina did the only thing she could. She opened the window and dropped the children,onebyone,into the arms of the sheriff's deputies about 15 to 20 feet below. "I just needed to keep the kids calm so they wouldn't be afraid,"Pina said."I was deathly afraid inside,but I couldn't let them know that."[Not long after dropping the children out of the window,firefighters arrived with a ladder and rescued her. Ten people were treated at the scene for suffering smoke,but nobody was seriously injured. According to the text,we know that _ .
|
[
"Lisa Pina was the last one to be rescued",
"the fire didn't cause any injury",
"the children were sent to hospital after the fire",
"during the fire Lisa Pina wasn't afraid at all"
] | 0A
|
Lisa Pina never thought she would need the fire safety training she received during her apprenticeship as a union painter and dry waller. On Friday morning,she was thanking God she had _ . On Thursday night,while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter,nephew and two nieces in her sister's apartment,she smelled smoke and realized the apartment building was on fire. When her 4yearold granddaughter Ilean Garcia began saying,"We're going to die,"she knew she had to act.Pina,39,first sealed the door,and then told all four children to get on the floor. After calling 911,she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as soon as they reached safety. "I said,'OK,we're going to lie down and we're all going to play a game,'" Pina said. "We all started singing our ABCs and 123s.I was just trying to make it fun." Pina patiently waited,and a few minutes later,Riverside County sheriff's deputies arrived. Pina,Ilean,8yearold Gabriel Parga,5yearold Aubreyana Parga and 4yearold Meriyah Parga were all trapped on the second floor as flames filled the first story. Pina did the only thing she could. She opened the window and dropped the children,onebyone,into the arms of the sheriff's deputies about 15 to 20 feet below. "I just needed to keep the kids calm so they wouldn't be afraid,"Pina said."I was deathly afraid inside,but I couldn't let them know that."[Not long after dropping the children out of the window,firefighters arrived with a ladder and rescued her. Ten people were treated at the scene for suffering smoke,but nobody was seriously injured. According to the text,we know that _ .
A. Lisa Pina was the last one to be rescued
B. the fire didn't cause any injury
C. the children were sent to hospital after the fire
D. during the fire Lisa Pina wasn't afraid at all
|
A. Lisa Pina was the last one to be rescued
|
Retrieved:
) that the mother rescued herself. her husband did not survive. their family cat was later found wandering near the collapsed building. at least 35 people were rescued on june 24 and up to 159 were unaccounted for. a woman's voice was heard until around 11 : 00 a. m., but rescuers were unable to reach her. miami - dade county mayor daniella levine cava signed a state of emergency declaration at 4 : 33 p. m. on june 24 and called on florida governor ron desantis to do so at the state level. governor desantis viewed the site on the same day, and issued a state of emergency. the white house and federal emergency management agency stated that they were in contact with local officials and providing assistance. president joe biden was briefed on the event, and spoke with miami - dade county mayor levine cava. two fema urban search and rescue task force teams, urban search and rescue florida task force 1 based in the miami - dade fire rescue and urban search and rescue florida task force 2 based in the miami fire - rescue department, were activated. an additional three teams, one in ohio and two in virginia, were put on standby. members of hatzalah of south florida, a jewish faith - based ambulance service which was authorized to transport patients as part of a law signed the previous week in surfside, were among the first to respond, setting up an onsite triage station. israel offered clothes, medication, food, water, and other aid to the victims of the collapse, according to israeli consul general maor elbaz - starinsky, who came to the scene and conveyed an official offer from the israeli government to send the israel defense forces'home front command search and rescue team to assist in the rescue efforts. the command has assisted in many other disasters, such as the 2017 puebla earthquake, 2010 haitian earthquake, and typhoon haiyan. israel's president reuven rivlin, prime minister naftali bennett and foreign minister yair lapid offered condolences and support. a unit specializing in providing psychological and emotional stabilization following traumatic incidents was dispatched from united hatzalah. at least 35 of those missing were jewish. the national basketball association's miami heat staff handed out water and snacks to state emergency workers. world central kitchen and direct relief, both of which are beneficiaries of the heat's charitable arm, were also helping. american red cross volunteers assisted people displaced by the collapse. on june 25, mayor
Original Instruction:
Lisa Pina never thought she would need the fire safety training she received during her apprenticeship as a union painter and dry waller. On Friday morning,she was thanking God she had _ . On Thursday night,while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter,nephew and two nieces in her sister's apartment,she smelled smoke and realized the apartment building was on fire. When her 4yearold granddaughter Ilean Garcia began saying,"We're going to die,"she knew she had to act.Pina,39,first sealed the door,and then told all four children to get on the floor. After calling 911,she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as soon as they reached safety. "I said,'OK,we're going to lie down and we're all going to play a game,'" Pina said. "We all started singing our ABCs and 123s.I was just trying to make it fun." Pina patiently waited,and a few minutes later,Riverside County sheriff's deputies arrived. Pina,Ilean,8yearold Gabriel Parga,5yearold Aubreyana Parga and 4yearold Meriyah Parga were all trapped on the second floor as flames filled the first story. Pina did the only thing she could. She opened the window and dropped the children,onebyone,into the arms of the sheriff's deputies about 15 to 20 feet below. "I just needed to keep the kids calm so they wouldn't be afraid,"Pina said."I was deathly afraid inside,but I couldn't let them know that."[Not long after dropping the children out of the window,firefighters arrived with a ladder and rescued her. Ten people were treated at the scene for suffering smoke,but nobody was seriously injured. According to the text,we know that _ .
A. Lisa Pina was the last one to be rescued
B. the fire didn't cause any injury
C. the children were sent to hospital after the fire
D. during the fire Lisa Pina wasn't afraid at all
|
||
When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say," Excuse me." This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do _ . In fact, I notice adults cough and sneeze in public without putting a hand over the mouth. I hate traveling by underground in New York during cold and flu season, because it is certain that someone is going to stand right behind me and cough or sneeze on my neck. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hand, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. Otherwise, they will be passing those _ along to everything and everyone they touch. In order to help the students remember this rule, I tell them about an old story. It says that when you sneeze, evil spirits jump into your body. If you don't cover your mouth, the spirits will enter, but if you cover your mouth, you will keep them out, We say "God bless you" when someone sneezes, and in Germany you should say "Gesundheit". That means "Good health to you." Both expressions are said that if you didn't cover your mouth in time and the spirits were able to enter your body. The kids love finding out the origins of these expressions and it encourage them to put the advice to use more often. According to the article, the writer would like the kids _ .
|
[
"to be polite to adults",
"to be in better health",
"to have good manners",
"to do well in exams"
] | 2C
|
When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say," Excuse me." This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do _ . In fact, I notice adults cough and sneeze in public without putting a hand over the mouth. I hate traveling by underground in New York during cold and flu season, because it is certain that someone is going to stand right behind me and cough or sneeze on my neck. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hand, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. Otherwise, they will be passing those _ along to everything and everyone they touch. In order to help the students remember this rule, I tell them about an old story. It says that when you sneeze, evil spirits jump into your body. If you don't cover your mouth, the spirits will enter, but if you cover your mouth, you will keep them out, We say "God bless you" when someone sneezes, and in Germany you should say "Gesundheit". That means "Good health to you." Both expressions are said that if you didn't cover your mouth in time and the spirits were able to enter your body. The kids love finding out the origins of these expressions and it encourage them to put the advice to use more often. According to the article, the writer would like the kids _ .
A. to be polite to adults
B. to be in better health
C. to have good manners
D. to do well in exams
|
C. to have good manners
|
Retrieved:
infection in childcare is the spread of infection during childcare, typically because of contact among children in daycare or school. this happens when groups of children meet in a childcare environment, and there any individual with an infectious disease may spread it to the entire group. commonly spread diseases include influenza - like illness and enteric illnesses, such as diarrhea among babies using diapers. it is uncertain how these diseases spread, but hand washing reduces some risk of transmission and increasing hygiene in other ways also reduces risk of infection. due to social pressure, parents of sick children in childcare may be willing to give unnecessary medical care to their children when advised to do so by childcare workers and even if it is against the advice of health care providers. in particular, children in childcare are more likely to be given antibiotics than children outside of childcare. = = mechanism of transmission = = the presumption behind the idea of a " childcare infection " is that a place in which many children come into contact with each other can be a focus of infection, which is a place where infections are able to spread from person to person. flu and respiratory tract infection are lessened in groups which use frequent hand washing, but the actual pathway through which the diseases spread is unclear except for the fact that hand washing disrupts disease transmission. diseases related to the human gastrointestinal tract, like diarrhea or other enteric illness, often spread through the fecal - oral route and are especially common in places where children have not completed toilet training. diapers, confined spaces for changing diapers, and the unhygienic habits of children contribute to the spread of these infections. bacterial infections most often spread through person to person contact, while eating food, or through the presence of animals. it is difficult to determine how viral agents causing enteric illness spread. reviews of helicobacter pylori have been unable to determine how it spreads during childcare, but have confirmed that it does easily spread in childcare environments, and that it is difficult to make recommendations for preventing it. = = epidemiology = = childcare infection is a public health concern because it harms the health of individual children and the infections which children get during childcare also may be spread within their homes and communities away from the childcare. generally, children who attend childcare are 2 - 3 times more likely to acquire an infection than children who do not receive such services. = = prevention = = infection happens because of individuals bringing infections into
Original Instruction:
When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say," Excuse me." This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do _ . In fact, I notice adults cough and sneeze in public without putting a hand over the mouth. I hate traveling by underground in New York during cold and flu season, because it is certain that someone is going to stand right behind me and cough or sneeze on my neck. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hand, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. Otherwise, they will be passing those _ along to everything and everyone they touch. In order to help the students remember this rule, I tell them about an old story. It says that when you sneeze, evil spirits jump into your body. If you don't cover your mouth, the spirits will enter, but if you cover your mouth, you will keep them out, We say "God bless you" when someone sneezes, and in Germany you should say "Gesundheit". That means "Good health to you." Both expressions are said that if you didn't cover your mouth in time and the spirits were able to enter your body. The kids love finding out the origins of these expressions and it encourage them to put the advice to use more often. According to the article, the writer would like the kids _ .
A. to be polite to adults
B. to be in better health
C. to have good manners
D. to do well in exams
|
||
The color of what is an inherited characteristic?
|
[
"vision organ",
"wallpaper",
"blood",
"dirt"
] | 0A
|
The color of what is an inherited characteristic?
A. vision organ
B. wallpaper
C. blood
D. dirt
|
A. vision organ
|
Retrieved:
acquired characteristic. = = = eye color = = = it is fairly common for mammalian eyes to change color in the first years of life. this happens, with human infants and kittens being some well - known examples, because the eyes of the baby, just like the rest of its body, are still developing. this change can be as simple as blue to brown, or can involve multiple color changes in which neither the child's parents nor his / her doctors know when the changes will stop and what the final eye color will be. changes in eye color signal changes in the arrangement and concentration of pigment in the iris, which is an example of structural color. even though this change happens after birth, it is strictly as result of genes. while changes in eye appearance ( and function, and structure ) that occur because of acquired characteristics like injury, illness, old age, or malnutrition are definitely acquired characteristics, the infantile color change as described above is usually considered inherited. = = = certain genetic conditions = = = when diseases are caused by environmental influences, such as iodine deficiency or lead poisoning, their resultant symptoms are unequivocally agreed to be acquired characteristics. however, it is debatable whether changes in bodily functions due to disorders that are partly or wholly genetic in origin are actually " acquired ". wholly genetic disorders, such as huntingtons, are inherited from parents'genes and are present before birth but the symptoms that develop after birth are delayed manifestations of the inherited trait. disorders that are partially genetic, such as als and allergies, mean the organism has inherited a predisposition to develop a certain condition but that inherited increased likelihood can be reduced or further increased depending on acquired characteristics of the organism. = = = de novo mutations = = = new mutations, ( often somatic, spontaneous and sporadic ), not inherited from either parent are called de novo mutations. the consensus on whether certain prenatal spontaneous mutations and genetic disorders that occur as a result of meiotic and chromosome errors or during cell division after conception, like cystic fibrosis and down syndrome, are considered to be acquired or inherited is unclear. mutations and meiotic errors can be considered inherited since the organism is born with them in its genes, but they can also be seen as prenatal acquired characteristics since they are not actually inherited from its parents. with de novo mutations and division errors, the relationship between the offspring's altered genes and gene inheritance from the parents is technically spurious. these genetic errors can affect the mind
Original Instruction:
The color of what is an inherited characteristic?
A. vision organ
B. wallpaper
C. blood
D. dirt
|
||
Telemedicine is the name for when doctors give advice to patients by telephone or the Internet, or when health care providers in rural areas connect with specialists in big cities. Telemedicine has existed for a long time, but the rise of smart phones, tablets and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels. Some health care systems in the United States now offer Virtual Urgent Care, patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home. Diana Rae is a nurse educator in the western state of Washington. She recently showed how Virtual Urgent Care works. She used an iPad tablet and skype -- the video chat service. Doctor Green has the patient describe her symptoms, then the doctor performs a physical exam by demonstrating what he wants her to do. Doctor Green decides that the problem is a silence infection. For medicine, he prescribes an antibiotic. He says about 3 out of 4 patients have health problems that can be treated like this --through Virtual Urgent Care, that means a video chat could replace a visit to the doctor's office. The Franciscan Health System is based in Tacoma, Washington. Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call, that is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room, a doctor's office or an urgent care clinic. After trying the video conference, Diana Rae says, "I would've paid twice that for the convenience of getting taken care of without having to sit in a waiting room, wait, and get exposed to everyone else's germs." Franciscan has a deal with a company called Carena to add virtual urgent care by Skype or phone. Carena is one of several companies doing this kind of work around the country. But a company official says state rules have not kept progress with developments in telemedicine. The workers who provide virtual urgent care must be separately licensed in each state where the company does business. For now, that means Carena doctors can treat patients in Washington state and California for example, but not in neighboring Oregon or Idaho. By mentioning what Diana Rae says, the author wants to show _ .
|
[
"he finds it convenient to see a doctor by using a video chat",
"he sings high praise for this kind of treatment form",
"he must be tired of waiting too long in the hospital",
"it should be very unhealthy while staying in hospital"
] | 1B
|
Telemedicine is the name for when doctors give advice to patients by telephone or the Internet, or when health care providers in rural areas connect with specialists in big cities. Telemedicine has existed for a long time, but the rise of smart phones, tablets and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels. Some health care systems in the United States now offer Virtual Urgent Care, patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home. Diana Rae is a nurse educator in the western state of Washington. She recently showed how Virtual Urgent Care works. She used an iPad tablet and skype -- the video chat service. Doctor Green has the patient describe her symptoms, then the doctor performs a physical exam by demonstrating what he wants her to do. Doctor Green decides that the problem is a silence infection. For medicine, he prescribes an antibiotic. He says about 3 out of 4 patients have health problems that can be treated like this --through Virtual Urgent Care, that means a video chat could replace a visit to the doctor's office. The Franciscan Health System is based in Tacoma, Washington. Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call, that is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room, a doctor's office or an urgent care clinic. After trying the video conference, Diana Rae says, "I would've paid twice that for the convenience of getting taken care of without having to sit in a waiting room, wait, and get exposed to everyone else's germs." Franciscan has a deal with a company called Carena to add virtual urgent care by Skype or phone. Carena is one of several companies doing this kind of work around the country. But a company official says state rules have not kept progress with developments in telemedicine. The workers who provide virtual urgent care must be separately licensed in each state where the company does business. For now, that means Carena doctors can treat patients in Washington state and California for example, but not in neighboring Oregon or Idaho. By mentioning what Diana Rae says, the author wants to show _ .
A. he finds it convenient to see a doctor by using a video chat
B. he sings high praise for this kind of treatment form
C. he must be tired of waiting too long in the hospital
D. it should be very unhealthy while staying in hospital
|
B. he sings high praise for this kind of treatment form
|
Retrieved:
telepsychiatry or telemental health refers to the use of telecommunications technology ( mostly videoconferencing and phone calls ) to deliver psychiatric care remotely for people with mental health conditions. it is a branch of telemedicine. telepsychiatry can be effective in treating people with mental health conditions. in the short - term it can be as acceptable and effective as face - to - face care. research also suggests comparable therapeutic factors, such as changes in problematic thinking or behaviour. it can improve access to mental health services for some but might also represent a barrier for those lacking access to a suitable device, the internet or the necessary digital skills. factors such as poverty that are associated with lack of internet access are also associated with greater risk of mental health problems, making digital exclusion an important problem of telemental health services. during the covid - 19 pandemic mental health services were adapted to telemental health in high - income countries. it proved effective and acceptable for use in an emergency situation but there were concerns regarding its long - term implementation. = = definition = = telepsychiatry or telemental health means the use of telecommunications ( videoconferencing, voice call, text messages ) to provide mental health services from a distance. this can include a wide range of services from different forms of traditional therapy ( individual, group, family ) to psychiatric evaluations and managing medications. telemental health is a branch of telemedicine which is the process of using telecommunications technology to deliver medical services. = = effectiveness = = telemental health services can be effective in improving symptoms and quality of life among people with mental health disorders. people who choose to receive services in this way, or for whom it would otherwise be difficult to receive care, tend to view these services positively as it improves their access to mental health care. compared to face - to - face care, telemental health services delivered via video - call can be as acceptable and effective in the short term as the former, and are sometimes reported to result in lower rates of missed appointments. telepsychiatry is most successful when it is provided in a personalised and flexible way. taking individual preferences into account regarding whether service users wish to receive care remotely, and if so whether by video or phone call results in a more acceptable and effective service. these preferences may change over time and vary from appointment to appointment, so revisiting them regularly is also necessary. = = = benefits and limitations = = = rural
Original Instruction:
Telemedicine is the name for when doctors give advice to patients by telephone or the Internet, or when health care providers in rural areas connect with specialists in big cities. Telemedicine has existed for a long time, but the rise of smart phones, tablets and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels. Some health care systems in the United States now offer Virtual Urgent Care, patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home. Diana Rae is a nurse educator in the western state of Washington. She recently showed how Virtual Urgent Care works. She used an iPad tablet and skype -- the video chat service. Doctor Green has the patient describe her symptoms, then the doctor performs a physical exam by demonstrating what he wants her to do. Doctor Green decides that the problem is a silence infection. For medicine, he prescribes an antibiotic. He says about 3 out of 4 patients have health problems that can be treated like this --through Virtual Urgent Care, that means a video chat could replace a visit to the doctor's office. The Franciscan Health System is based in Tacoma, Washington. Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call, that is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room, a doctor's office or an urgent care clinic. After trying the video conference, Diana Rae says, "I would've paid twice that for the convenience of getting taken care of without having to sit in a waiting room, wait, and get exposed to everyone else's germs." Franciscan has a deal with a company called Carena to add virtual urgent care by Skype or phone. Carena is one of several companies doing this kind of work around the country. But a company official says state rules have not kept progress with developments in telemedicine. The workers who provide virtual urgent care must be separately licensed in each state where the company does business. For now, that means Carena doctors can treat patients in Washington state and California for example, but not in neighboring Oregon or Idaho. By mentioning what Diana Rae says, the author wants to show _ .
A. he finds it convenient to see a doctor by using a video chat
B. he sings high praise for this kind of treatment form
C. he must be tired of waiting too long in the hospital
D. it should be very unhealthy while staying in hospital
|
||
An arid sandy place has very little
|
[
"sustenance",
"sand",
"sun",
"heat"
] | 0A
|
An arid sandy place has very little
A. sustenance
B. sand
C. sun
D. heat
|
A. sustenance
|
Retrieved:
tropical deserts are located in regions between 15 and 30 degrees latitude. the environment is very extreme, and they have the highest average monthly temperature on earth. rainfall is sporadic ; precipitation may not be observed at all in a few years. in addition to these extreme environmental and climate conditions, most tropical deserts are covered with sand and rocks, and thus too flat and lacking in vegetation to block out the wind. wind may erode and transport sand, rocks and other materials ; these are known as eolian processes. landforms caused by wind erosion vary greatly in characteristics and size. representative landforms include depressions and pans, yardangs, inverted topography and ventifacts. no significant populations can survive in tropical deserts due to extreme aridity, heat and the paucity of vegetation ; only specific flora and fauna with special behavioral and physical mechanisms are supported. although tropical deserts are considered to be harsh and barren, they are in fact important sources of natural resources and play a significant role in economic development. besides the equatorial deserts, there are many hot deserts situated in the tropical zone. = = distribution = = = = = geographical distribution = = = tropical deserts are located in both continental interiors and coastal areas between the tropic of cancer and tropic of capricorn. representative deserts include the sahara desert in north africa, the australian desert in western and southern australia, arabian desert and syrian desert in western asia, the kalahari desert in southern africa, sonoran desert in the united states and mexico, mojave desert in the united states, thar desert in india and pakistan, dasht - e margo and registan desert in afghanistan and dasht - e kavir and dasht - e loot in iran. = = = controlling factor = = = tropics form a belt around the equator from latitude 3 degrees north to latitude 3 degrees south, which is called the intertropical convergence zone. tropical heat generates unstable air in this area, and air masses become extremely dry due to the loss of moisture during the process of tropical ascent. another significant determinant of tropical desert climate are hadley cells. hadley cells concentrate all precipitations in the hotter humid lower pressure equator, leaving colder higher pressure deserts with no precipitation. = = characteristics = = = = = temperature = = = tropical deserts have the highest average daily temperature on the planet, as both the energy input during the day and the loss of heat at night are large. this phenomenon causes an extremely large daily temperature range. specifically, temperatures in a low elevation inland
Original Instruction:
An arid sandy place has very little
A. sustenance
B. sand
C. sun
D. heat
|
||
On 17 March 2003, Robin Cook, Leader of the House of Commons and former Foreign Secretary, resigned from the Cabinet in protest against the coming war in Iraq. His resignation speech inspired the first long applause in the history of the House and marked the end of the ministerial career of one of Labor's most brilliant politicians. For the previous two years, Robin Cook kept a diary, a personal record of the life of Labor's second term, a diary that forms the center of the narrative . The Point of Departureis Robin Cook's plain account of this extraordinary period in our political history, the most important political publication of the decade. Though surprised by his abrupt dismissal as Foreign Secretary, he became determined to bring about some changes in Parliamentary democracy that he believed was essential if Parliament was to move into the 21stcentury. As Tony Blair told him, "This is the job for you." Drawing on first-hand experiences in the Commons and the Cabinet, of encounters in conferences, and late night conversations, we follow his gathering disillusionment as the political compass of the government changes to directions which he believes to be completely mistaken: from its failure about Lords reform and its unwillingness to provide leadership for social change, to a foreign policy which has led us away from our responsibility in Europe, into closer relationship with the most right-wing government in American history, and participation in Bush's war on Iraq. This is the story of a government in power and the tensions between those who govern. But above all it is a story of a politician who truly wanted to bring democracy closer to the people, but who saw a government increasingly separated from the values of himself and his party, and who developed a growing belief that on Iraq, its position was morally, diplomatically and politically wrong. Robin Cook first entered Parliament as MP for Edinburgh Central in 1974. He held a number of senior positions in Opposition -- Shadow Foreign Secretary, Shadow Health and Social Services Secretary -- before becoming Foreign Secretary in 1997. In 2001 he was appointed Leader of the House of Commons, a position from which he resigned in March 2003 in protest against the coming war in Iraq. Robin Cook resigned from his post because he _ .
|
[
"couldn't accept the government's decision to join in the coming war in Iraq",
"wanted to have more time to keep his diary",
"was not allowed to make any changes to Parliamentary democracy",
"was not satisfied with the job Tony Blair gave him"
] | 0A
|
On 17 March 2003, Robin Cook, Leader of the House of Commons and former Foreign Secretary, resigned from the Cabinet in protest against the coming war in Iraq. His resignation speech inspired the first long applause in the history of the House and marked the end of the ministerial career of one of Labor's most brilliant politicians. For the previous two years, Robin Cook kept a diary, a personal record of the life of Labor's second term, a diary that forms the center of the narrative . The Point of Departureis Robin Cook's plain account of this extraordinary period in our political history, the most important political publication of the decade. Though surprised by his abrupt dismissal as Foreign Secretary, he became determined to bring about some changes in Parliamentary democracy that he believed was essential if Parliament was to move into the 21stcentury. As Tony Blair told him, "This is the job for you." Drawing on first-hand experiences in the Commons and the Cabinet, of encounters in conferences, and late night conversations, we follow his gathering disillusionment as the political compass of the government changes to directions which he believes to be completely mistaken: from its failure about Lords reform and its unwillingness to provide leadership for social change, to a foreign policy which has led us away from our responsibility in Europe, into closer relationship with the most right-wing government in American history, and participation in Bush's war on Iraq. This is the story of a government in power and the tensions between those who govern. But above all it is a story of a politician who truly wanted to bring democracy closer to the people, but who saw a government increasingly separated from the values of himself and his party, and who developed a growing belief that on Iraq, its position was morally, diplomatically and politically wrong. Robin Cook first entered Parliament as MP for Edinburgh Central in 1974. He held a number of senior positions in Opposition -- Shadow Foreign Secretary, Shadow Health and Social Services Secretary -- before becoming Foreign Secretary in 1997. In 2001 he was appointed Leader of the House of Commons, a position from which he resigned in March 2003 in protest against the coming war in Iraq. Robin Cook resigned from his post because he _ .
A. couldn't accept the government's decision to join in the coming war in Iraq
B. wanted to have more time to keep his diary
C. was not allowed to make any changes to Parliamentary democracy
D. was not satisfied with the job Tony Blair gave him
|
A. couldn't accept the government's decision to join in the coming war in Iraq
|
Retrieved:
his proclivities, to raise voice or finger " to defend russian jews... during the 1879 election campaign, called the midlothian campaign, he rousingly denounced disraeli's foreign policies during the ongoing second anglo - afghan war in afghanistan ( see great game ). he saw the war as " great dishonour " and also criticised british conduct in the zulu war. gladstone also ( on 29 november ) condemned what he saw as the conservative government's profligate spending :... the chancellor of the exchequer shall boldly uphold economy in detail ; and it is the mark... of... a chicken - hearted chancellor of the exchequer, when he shrinks from upholding economy in detail, when, because it is a question of only £2, 000 or £3, 000, he says that is no matter. he is ridiculed, no doubt, for what is called saving candle - ends and cheese - parings. no chancellor of the exchequer is worth his salt who is not ready to save what are meant by candle - ends and cheese - parings in the cause of his country. no chancellor of the exchequer is worth his salt who makes his own popularity either his first consideration, or any consideration at all, in administrating the public purse. you would not like to have a housekeeper or steward who made her or his popularity with the tradesmen the measure of the payments that were to be delivered to them. in my opinion the chancellor of the exchequer is the trusted and confidential steward of the public. he is under a sacred obligation with regard to all that he consents to spend.... i am bound to say hardly ever in the six years that sir stafford northcote has been in office have i heard him speak a resolute word on behalf of economy. = = second premiership ( 1880 – 1885 ) = = in 1880, the liberals won again and the liberal leaders, lord hartington ( leader in the house of commons ) and lord granville, retired in gladstone's favour. gladstone won his constituency election in midlothian and also in leeds, where he had also been adopted as a candidate. as he could lawfully only serve as mp for one constituency, leeds was passed to his son herbert. one of his other sons, henry, was also elected as an mp. queen victoria asked lord hartington to form a ministry, but he persuaded her to send for gladstone. gladstone's second administration – both as prime minister and again as chancellor
Original Instruction:
On 17 March 2003, Robin Cook, Leader of the House of Commons and former Foreign Secretary, resigned from the Cabinet in protest against the coming war in Iraq. His resignation speech inspired the first long applause in the history of the House and marked the end of the ministerial career of one of Labor's most brilliant politicians. For the previous two years, Robin Cook kept a diary, a personal record of the life of Labor's second term, a diary that forms the center of the narrative . The Point of Departureis Robin Cook's plain account of this extraordinary period in our political history, the most important political publication of the decade. Though surprised by his abrupt dismissal as Foreign Secretary, he became determined to bring about some changes in Parliamentary democracy that he believed was essential if Parliament was to move into the 21stcentury. As Tony Blair told him, "This is the job for you." Drawing on first-hand experiences in the Commons and the Cabinet, of encounters in conferences, and late night conversations, we follow his gathering disillusionment as the political compass of the government changes to directions which he believes to be completely mistaken: from its failure about Lords reform and its unwillingness to provide leadership for social change, to a foreign policy which has led us away from our responsibility in Europe, into closer relationship with the most right-wing government in American history, and participation in Bush's war on Iraq. This is the story of a government in power and the tensions between those who govern. But above all it is a story of a politician who truly wanted to bring democracy closer to the people, but who saw a government increasingly separated from the values of himself and his party, and who developed a growing belief that on Iraq, its position was morally, diplomatically and politically wrong. Robin Cook first entered Parliament as MP for Edinburgh Central in 1974. He held a number of senior positions in Opposition -- Shadow Foreign Secretary, Shadow Health and Social Services Secretary -- before becoming Foreign Secretary in 1997. In 2001 he was appointed Leader of the House of Commons, a position from which he resigned in March 2003 in protest against the coming war in Iraq. Robin Cook resigned from his post because he _ .
A. couldn't accept the government's decision to join in the coming war in Iraq
B. wanted to have more time to keep his diary
C. was not allowed to make any changes to Parliamentary democracy
D. was not satisfied with the job Tony Blair gave him
|
||
As we all know, getting benched in sports is usually a bad thing. But at one school in Florida, a girl has taken a bench and turned it into something entirely different - a place to find friends. It's called the Friendship Bench. And it's the brainchild of a sixth grader at Palm Bay Elementary - a girl named Acacia Woodley. Acacia's attitude toward life might be summed up best by a question she recently asked members of the Brevard County School Board - "what if we spend as much time putting the spotlight on kindness as we do on cruelty?" It's a philosophy Acacias has learned to live her own life -despite having a lot of people would consider a handicap. She was born without a right hand. And her left hand did not form properly. But Acacia says that she has not stopped her from achieving her goals. "You need to believe in your dreams. If you don't believe in you dreams, I can definitely tell you that they are not going to come true." She said. Acacia came up with the idea for the Friendship Bench after seeing kids getting bullied at school. She says she has also experienced bullying herself - kids whispering about her or picking on her because she is different. "Some people say they feel sorry for me. I tell them not to," she said. "I don't care that I'm different. I like being different." The Friendship Bench looks like a lot of other benches. It has arm sets and a place to lean on. But there are also words painted on it - words such as "hope", "respect", "listen" and "dream". Acacia put the benches together with the help from her mother and brother. Any time a kid feels he or she needs a friend, all that kid needs to do is sit on the bench. It is then up to the other kids - or grown-ups - to fill that need. "It's a perfect idea," Palm Bay Elementary Principal Lori said. "It's something we've needed so badly." The Friendship Bench has been such a success at Palm Bay Elementary that other schools are now interested in installing one too. "There's a saying in my teacher's classroom," Acacia said. "It says, 'it you can dream it, you can achieve it.'" Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Acacia has also suffered from other kids' bullying.",
"The kids who sit on the bench feel they need friends.",
"Grown-ups are allowed to offer their help to the one in need.",
"The Friendship Bench is different from others in the arm sets."
] | 3D
|
As we all know, getting benched in sports is usually a bad thing. But at one school in Florida, a girl has taken a bench and turned it into something entirely different - a place to find friends. It's called the Friendship Bench. And it's the brainchild of a sixth grader at Palm Bay Elementary - a girl named Acacia Woodley. Acacia's attitude toward life might be summed up best by a question she recently asked members of the Brevard County School Board - "what if we spend as much time putting the spotlight on kindness as we do on cruelty?" It's a philosophy Acacias has learned to live her own life -despite having a lot of people would consider a handicap. She was born without a right hand. And her left hand did not form properly. But Acacia says that she has not stopped her from achieving her goals. "You need to believe in your dreams. If you don't believe in you dreams, I can definitely tell you that they are not going to come true." She said. Acacia came up with the idea for the Friendship Bench after seeing kids getting bullied at school. She says she has also experienced bullying herself - kids whispering about her or picking on her because she is different. "Some people say they feel sorry for me. I tell them not to," she said. "I don't care that I'm different. I like being different." The Friendship Bench looks like a lot of other benches. It has arm sets and a place to lean on. But there are also words painted on it - words such as "hope", "respect", "listen" and "dream". Acacia put the benches together with the help from her mother and brother. Any time a kid feels he or she needs a friend, all that kid needs to do is sit on the bench. It is then up to the other kids - or grown-ups - to fill that need. "It's a perfect idea," Palm Bay Elementary Principal Lori said. "It's something we've needed so badly." The Friendship Bench has been such a success at Palm Bay Elementary that other schools are now interested in installing one too. "There's a saying in my teacher's classroom," Acacia said. "It says, 'it you can dream it, you can achieve it.'" Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Acacia has also suffered from other kids' bullying.
B. The kids who sit on the bench feel they need friends.
C. Grown-ups are allowed to offer their help to the one in need.
D. The Friendship Bench is different from others in the arm sets.
|
D. The Friendship Bench is different from others in the arm sets.
|
Retrieved:
##hip and ( d ) information support ( advice, guidance, and feedback ). experiential knowledge is specialized information and perspectives that people obtain from living through a particular experience such as substance abuse, a physical disability, chronic physical or mental illness, or a traumatic event such as combat, a natural disaster, domestic violence or a violent crime, sexual abuse, or imprisonment. experiential knowledge tends to be unique and pragmatic and when shared contributes to solving problems and improving quality of life. social learning theory postulates that peers, because they have undergone and survived relevant experiences, are more credible role models for others. interactions with peers who are successfully coping with their experiences or illness are more likely to result in positive behavior change. social comparison means that individuals are more comfortable interacting with others who share common characteristics with themselves, such as a psychiatric illness, in order to establish a sense of normalcy. by interacting with others who are perceived to be better than them, peers are given a sense of optimism and something to strive toward. the helper - therapy principle proposes that there are four significant benefits to those who provide peer support : ( a ) increased sense of interpersonal competence as a result of making an impact on another person's life ; ( b ) development of a sense of equality in giving and taking between himself or herself and others ; ( c ) helper gains new personally - relevant knowledge while helping ; and ( d ) the helper receives social approval from the person they help, and others. self - determination means that individuals have the right to determine their own future — people are more likely to act on their own decisions rather than decisions made by others for them. = = in schools and education = = = = = peer mentoring = = = peer mentoring takes place in learning environments such as schools, usually between an older more experienced student and a new student. peer mentors appear mainly in secondary schools where students moving up from primary schools may need assistance in settling into the whole new schedule and lifestyle of secondary school life. peer mentoring is also used in the workplace as a means of orienting new employees. new employees who are paired with a peer mentor are twice as likely to remain in their job than those who do not receive mentorship. = = = peer listening = = = this form of peer support is widely used within schools. peer supporters are trained, normally from within schools or universities, or sometimes by outside organizations, such as childline's chips ( childline in partnership with schools ) program, to be " active listeners
Original Instruction:
As we all know, getting benched in sports is usually a bad thing. But at one school in Florida, a girl has taken a bench and turned it into something entirely different - a place to find friends. It's called the Friendship Bench. And it's the brainchild of a sixth grader at Palm Bay Elementary - a girl named Acacia Woodley. Acacia's attitude toward life might be summed up best by a question she recently asked members of the Brevard County School Board - "what if we spend as much time putting the spotlight on kindness as we do on cruelty?" It's a philosophy Acacias has learned to live her own life -despite having a lot of people would consider a handicap. She was born without a right hand. And her left hand did not form properly. But Acacia says that she has not stopped her from achieving her goals. "You need to believe in your dreams. If you don't believe in you dreams, I can definitely tell you that they are not going to come true." She said. Acacia came up with the idea for the Friendship Bench after seeing kids getting bullied at school. She says she has also experienced bullying herself - kids whispering about her or picking on her because she is different. "Some people say they feel sorry for me. I tell them not to," she said. "I don't care that I'm different. I like being different." The Friendship Bench looks like a lot of other benches. It has arm sets and a place to lean on. But there are also words painted on it - words such as "hope", "respect", "listen" and "dream". Acacia put the benches together with the help from her mother and brother. Any time a kid feels he or she needs a friend, all that kid needs to do is sit on the bench. It is then up to the other kids - or grown-ups - to fill that need. "It's a perfect idea," Palm Bay Elementary Principal Lori said. "It's something we've needed so badly." The Friendship Bench has been such a success at Palm Bay Elementary that other schools are now interested in installing one too. "There's a saying in my teacher's classroom," Acacia said. "It says, 'it you can dream it, you can achieve it.'" Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Acacia has also suffered from other kids' bullying.
B. The kids who sit on the bench feel they need friends.
C. Grown-ups are allowed to offer their help to the one in need.
D. The Friendship Bench is different from others in the arm sets.
|
||
India has a very vast history and heritage. The country has witnessed some of the most important events in the past and every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore. Historical tours in India provide everything that a traveler expects from his/her journey. These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history. Historical tours of India generally consisted of four phases: ancient, medieval , modern India and contemporary India. Some of the historical travel packages are: Forts and Palaces The rich cultural past of India is reflected in the countless forts and palaces across the country. Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away and palaces were made on the names of the kings and queens. Some of the famous forts and palaces are: Agra Fort (Agra), Fatehpur Sikri (Agra), Hawa Mahal (Jaipur), Amber Fort (Jaipur), City Palace (Jaipur), Gwalior Fort (Gwalior), Mysore Palace (Mysore), Red Fort (Delhi), etc. India Heritage Tours The main purpose of India Heritage tours is to make Indians as well as tourists familiar with the rich Indian legacy . The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years. Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle, splendid Gujarat, etc. South India Historical Tours The Southern India is known for its diversity and there are many places, which attract tourists, not only from the country but also from all around the world. The famous tourists' destinations in South India include Goa, Cochin, Kerala, Munnar, Periyar, Kottayam and the list goes on and on. Most forts were built in order to
|
[
"honor the kings",
"act as a palace for queens",
"keep enemies away",
"attract tourists"
] | 2C
|
India has a very vast history and heritage. The country has witnessed some of the most important events in the past and every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore. Historical tours in India provide everything that a traveler expects from his/her journey. These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history. Historical tours of India generally consisted of four phases: ancient, medieval , modern India and contemporary India. Some of the historical travel packages are: Forts and Palaces The rich cultural past of India is reflected in the countless forts and palaces across the country. Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away and palaces were made on the names of the kings and queens. Some of the famous forts and palaces are: Agra Fort (Agra), Fatehpur Sikri (Agra), Hawa Mahal (Jaipur), Amber Fort (Jaipur), City Palace (Jaipur), Gwalior Fort (Gwalior), Mysore Palace (Mysore), Red Fort (Delhi), etc. India Heritage Tours The main purpose of India Heritage tours is to make Indians as well as tourists familiar with the rich Indian legacy . The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years. Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle, splendid Gujarat, etc. South India Historical Tours The Southern India is known for its diversity and there are many places, which attract tourists, not only from the country but also from all around the world. The famous tourists' destinations in South India include Goa, Cochin, Kerala, Munnar, Periyar, Kottayam and the list goes on and on. Most forts were built in order to
A. honor the kings
B. act as a palace for queens
C. keep enemies away
D. attract tourists
|
C. keep enemies away
|
Retrieved:
back quickly after severe setbacks, like natural disasters, september 11th attacks and covid - 19. many call for more attention to " lessons learned " from these setbacks to improve mitigation measures that could be taken in advance. = = = cultural improvements = = = tourists in a lot of ways can have a heavy impact on a country's cultural heritage. for example, by booking excursions that are based around heritage there is encouragement for important practices and traditions to be passed down. the same can be said for local artistry, locals continue to craft and create goods that reflect their culture due to rising popularity visits from tourists. marketplaces that are high foot traffic locations for tourists can be extremely important for a country's community. for a single community, cultural impacts and economic impacts can go hand in hand. for over 44 countries, the tourism industry contributes to more than 15 % of total employment. when traveling to be a sustainable tourist, it's important to only appreciate the culture and not appropriate it or dampen it. by better understanding different cultures, you are setting up the world for better social outcomes. by practicing sustainable tourism, tourists can create better cross - cultural understanding, mutual empathy, and tolerance. = = trends = = = = = impacts of covid - 19 pandemic = = = due to covid - 19, an unprecedented decrease of 65 % took place in international tourist numbers in first half of 2020 as compared to 2019. countries around the world closed their borders and introduced travel restrictions in response to the pandemic. the situation is expected to gradually improve in 2021 depending upon lifting of travel restrictions, availability of covid - 19 vaccine and return of traveler confidence. furthermore, the current covid - 19 pandemic has made many sustainability challenges of tourism clearer. therefore sustainable tourism scholars call for a transformation of tourism. they state that the covid - 19 pandemic has created a window of opportunity, in which stakeholders can shift towards more sustainable practices and rethink systems. the system cannot be sustained in its current form. the constant aim for economic growth goes at the expense of earth's ecosystems, wildlife, and well - being. the gap between rich and poor is growing every year, and the pandemic has spurred this even further. our current systems are often in place for the few, leaving the many behind. this is no different for the global and local tourism systems. therefore, tourism scholars argue we should learn from the pandemic. " covid - 19 provides striking lessons
Original Instruction:
India has a very vast history and heritage. The country has witnessed some of the most important events in the past and every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore. Historical tours in India provide everything that a traveler expects from his/her journey. These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history. Historical tours of India generally consisted of four phases: ancient, medieval , modern India and contemporary India. Some of the historical travel packages are: Forts and Palaces The rich cultural past of India is reflected in the countless forts and palaces across the country. Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away and palaces were made on the names of the kings and queens. Some of the famous forts and palaces are: Agra Fort (Agra), Fatehpur Sikri (Agra), Hawa Mahal (Jaipur), Amber Fort (Jaipur), City Palace (Jaipur), Gwalior Fort (Gwalior), Mysore Palace (Mysore), Red Fort (Delhi), etc. India Heritage Tours The main purpose of India Heritage tours is to make Indians as well as tourists familiar with the rich Indian legacy . The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years. Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle, splendid Gujarat, etc. South India Historical Tours The Southern India is known for its diversity and there are many places, which attract tourists, not only from the country but also from all around the world. The famous tourists' destinations in South India include Goa, Cochin, Kerala, Munnar, Periyar, Kottayam and the list goes on and on. Most forts were built in order to
A. honor the kings
B. act as a palace for queens
C. keep enemies away
D. attract tourists
|
||
Barry and Kim are twin brother and sister. But they like different sports. Barry likes soccer. He is in the school soccer club, and he plays soccer every day. He has 9 soccer balls in his bookcase. He also likes volleyball. He has 2 white volleyballs and 2 blue volleyballs. But Kim doesn't like soccer or volleyball. She likes tennis. Tennis is interesting. She is in the school tennis club and she plays tennis every day. She has 7 tennis balls and 2 tennis rackets in her room. She also likes baseballs. She has 5 baseballs: 2 green baseballs and 3 yellow baseballs. ,. What club is Kim in?
|
[
"The school soccer club.",
"The school volleyball club.",
"The school tennis club.",
"The school baseball club."
] | 2C
|
Barry and Kim are twin brother and sister. But they like different sports. Barry likes soccer. He is in the school soccer club, and he plays soccer every day. He has 9 soccer balls in his bookcase. He also likes volleyball. He has 2 white volleyballs and 2 blue volleyballs. But Kim doesn't like soccer or volleyball. She likes tennis. Tennis is interesting. She is in the school tennis club and she plays tennis every day. She has 7 tennis balls and 2 tennis rackets in her room. She also likes baseballs. She has 5 baseballs: 2 green baseballs and 3 yellow baseballs. ,. What club is Kim in?
A. The school soccer club.
B. The school volleyball club.
C. The school tennis club.
D. The school baseball club.
|
C. The school tennis club.
|
Retrieved:
date back to china's early dynasties as well. physical fitness is widely emphasized in chinese culture, with morning exercises such as qigong and tai chi widely practiced, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs are gaining popularity. basketball is the most popular spectator sport in china. the chinese basketball association and the american national basketball association also have a huge national following amongst the chinese populace, with native - born and nba - bound chinese players and well - known national household names such as yao ming and yi jianlian being held in high esteem. china's professional football league, known as chinese super league, is the largest football market in east asia. other popular sports include martial arts, table tennis, badminton, swimming and snooker. china is home to a huge number of cyclists, with an estimated 470 million bicycles as of 2012. china has the world's largest esports market. many more traditional sports, such as dragon boat racing, mongolian - style wrestling and horse racing are also popular. china has participated in the olympic games since 1932, although it has only participated as the prc since 1952. china hosted the 2008 summer olympics in beijing, where its athletes received 48 gold medals – the highest number of any participating nation that year. china also won the most medals at the 2012 summer paralympics, with 231 overall, including 95 gold. in 2011, shenzhen hosted the 2011 summer universiade. china hosted the 2013 east asian games in tianjin and the 2014 summer youth olympics in nanjing, the first country to host both regular and youth olympics. beijing and its nearby city zhangjiakou collaboratively hosted the 2022 winter olympics, making beijing the first dual olympic city by holding both the summer olympics and the winter olympics. china hosted the asian games in 1990 ( beijing ), 2010 ( guangzhou ), and 2023 ( hangzhou ). = = see also = = outline of china = = notes = = = = references = = = = sources = = this article incorporates text from a free content work. licensed under cc by - sa igo 3. 0 ( license statement / permission ). text taken from world food and agriculture – statistical yearbook 2023, fao, fao. = = further reading = = = = external links = = = = = government = = = the central people's government of people's republic of china ( in english ) = = = general information = = = china at a glance from people's daily china at the encyclopædia britannica country profile – china at bbc news china.
Original Instruction:
Barry and Kim are twin brother and sister. But they like different sports. Barry likes soccer. He is in the school soccer club, and he plays soccer every day. He has 9 soccer balls in his bookcase. He also likes volleyball. He has 2 white volleyballs and 2 blue volleyballs. But Kim doesn't like soccer or volleyball. She likes tennis. Tennis is interesting. She is in the school tennis club and she plays tennis every day. She has 7 tennis balls and 2 tennis rackets in her room. She also likes baseballs. She has 5 baseballs: 2 green baseballs and 3 yellow baseballs. ,. What club is Kim in?
A. The school soccer club.
B. The school volleyball club.
C. The school tennis club.
D. The school baseball club.
|
||
International students studying in the UK The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges. In the UK last year there were over 104,000 international students. Choosing which university or college to go to was like a life-changing decision. Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason. How to apply for higher education All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system, which is available 24 hours a day. You fill in the application form online and it does not need to be completed all at once. Please see the When to Apply page to check the dates by which we should receive your completed application. Choosing a higher education course to study Try to do a lot of research when deciding which courses to apply for. You will probably want to find out even more before you accept an offer of a place on a course. When you accept an offer of a place, make sure that all of your questions have been answered. Ask teachers if there is anything to prepare before the course starts. They may suggest that you look at certain books on the course reading list or that you improve your computer skills. Other help and advice Unistats is a website that can help you to research subjects and universities before deciding where to apply. You can compare subjects, compare universities and explore useful information about getting a job after graduation. Unistats has statistical information on universities, colleges, subjects and teaching style. Yougo is a student-only networking site where you can meet other applicants online and talk about what you hope to study and the university you hope to attend. If you have any questions, please call us at 0044-330-333-0230. We can learn from the passage that it is a wise idea to _ .
|
[
"learn basic computer skills in the UK when possible",
"get to know as many teachers as possible in the UK",
"do much research before choosing a college major",
"borrow certain books before going abroad to study."
] | 2C
|
International students studying in the UK The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges. In the UK last year there were over 104,000 international students. Choosing which university or college to go to was like a life-changing decision. Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason. How to apply for higher education All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system, which is available 24 hours a day. You fill in the application form online and it does not need to be completed all at once. Please see the When to Apply page to check the dates by which we should receive your completed application. Choosing a higher education course to study Try to do a lot of research when deciding which courses to apply for. You will probably want to find out even more before you accept an offer of a place on a course. When you accept an offer of a place, make sure that all of your questions have been answered. Ask teachers if there is anything to prepare before the course starts. They may suggest that you look at certain books on the course reading list or that you improve your computer skills. Other help and advice Unistats is a website that can help you to research subjects and universities before deciding where to apply. You can compare subjects, compare universities and explore useful information about getting a job after graduation. Unistats has statistical information on universities, colleges, subjects and teaching style. Yougo is a student-only networking site where you can meet other applicants online and talk about what you hope to study and the university you hope to attend. If you have any questions, please call us at 0044-330-333-0230. We can learn from the passage that it is a wise idea to _ .
A. learn basic computer skills in the UK when possible
B. get to know as many teachers as possible in the UK
C. do much research before choosing a college major
D. borrow certain books before going abroad to study.
|
C. do much research before choosing a college major
|
Retrieved:
the school of oriental and african studies ( soas university of london ; ) is a public research university in london, england, and a member institution of the federal university of london. founded in 1916, soas is located in the bloomsbury area of central london. soas is one of the world's leading institutions for the study of asia, africa, and the middle east. its library is one of the five national research libraries in england. soas also houses the soas gallery, which hosts a programme of changing contemporary and historical exhibitions from asia, africa, and the middle east with the aim of presenting and promoting cultures from these regions. the annual income of the institution for 2023 – 24 was £113. 8 million of which £9. 6 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £76. 6 million. soas is divided into three colleges : the college of development, economics and finance ; the college of humanities ; and the college of law, anthropology and politics, which includes the soas school of law. the university offers around 350 bachelor's degree combinations, more than 100 one - year master's degrees, and phd programmes in nearly every department. the university has educated several heads of states, government ministers, diplomats, central bankers, supreme court judges, a nobel peace prize laureate, and many other notable leaders around the world. soas is a member of the association of commonwealth universities. = = history = = = = = origins = = = the school of oriental studies was founded in 1916 at 2 finsbury circus, london, the then premises of the london institution. the school received its royal charter on 5 june 1916 and admitted its first students on 18 january 1917. the school was formally inaugurated a month later on 23 february 1917 by george v. among those in attendance were earl curzon of kedleston, formerly viceroy of india, and other cabinet officials. the school of oriental studies was founded by the british state as an instrument to strengthen britain's political, commercial, and military presence in asia and africa. it would do so by providing instruction to colonial administrators ( colonial service and imperial civil service ), commercial managers, and military officers, as well as to missionaries, doctors, and teachers, in the language of the part of asia or africa to which each was being posted, together with an authoritative introduction to the customs, religions, laws, and history of the people whom they were to govern or among whom they would be working. the school's founding mission was
Original Instruction:
International students studying in the UK The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges. In the UK last year there were over 104,000 international students. Choosing which university or college to go to was like a life-changing decision. Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason. How to apply for higher education All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system, which is available 24 hours a day. You fill in the application form online and it does not need to be completed all at once. Please see the When to Apply page to check the dates by which we should receive your completed application. Choosing a higher education course to study Try to do a lot of research when deciding which courses to apply for. You will probably want to find out even more before you accept an offer of a place on a course. When you accept an offer of a place, make sure that all of your questions have been answered. Ask teachers if there is anything to prepare before the course starts. They may suggest that you look at certain books on the course reading list or that you improve your computer skills. Other help and advice Unistats is a website that can help you to research subjects and universities before deciding where to apply. You can compare subjects, compare universities and explore useful information about getting a job after graduation. Unistats has statistical information on universities, colleges, subjects and teaching style. Yougo is a student-only networking site where you can meet other applicants online and talk about what you hope to study and the university you hope to attend. If you have any questions, please call us at 0044-330-333-0230. We can learn from the passage that it is a wise idea to _ .
A. learn basic computer skills in the UK when possible
B. get to know as many teachers as possible in the UK
C. do much research before choosing a college major
D. borrow certain books before going abroad to study.
|
||
What does the word"youth" mean to you? Many define it as a precious time in their life when they are young ,when fun ,passion,and imagination seem limitless.But for most high school students,youth is a time of determination and willpower for achieving their goals. This is vividly shown in Mark of Youth,a movie that opened on Feb 5.Mark of Uouth tells the story of four Senior 3 students in a top high school in the days leading up to the national cooege entrance examination. Each character represents a differet type of student,ranging from the most mischievous to the most motvated .Like most teenagers ,they enjoy carefree moments and like to talk about their schoolmates.But the rension of the approaching exam,probably their first life-changing event,is common-they must memorize seemingly endless English words and Chinese poems,work through piles of aractice test papers,and improve their scores despite the increasing pressure. But life exists beyond campus.That the college entrance examination is coming up doesn't mean they can escape family changes,such as when one character's parents get divorced or another's father is arrested.Can these four young people handle their problems and eventually make it to their ideal universities despite their on -and -off campus stress? The story is set in Hubei Huanggang Middle School,known for its students'outstanding performances on the big exam.The four students are played by the actors who played in the reality shows Happy Boys and Happy Girls.HongKong actor Alex Fong plays their teacher. Students may look more fashionable in Mark of Youth than in real life,but it is the story about the final year of high school that many viewers relate to. "The film is very inspiring,"said Senior 2 student Yao Lingqian,16,from Leshan Foreign Language School in Sichuan proveince."A total commitment to hard work ,though it ca be lonely and no fun at all,will leave precious marks on my youth." And for Senior 3 student Gao Jing ,the film has given her optiomism."The characters taught me that what you score is not the only important thing.The way you approach the exam matters the most,"said the 17-year-old from Zhenping County No 1 High School in Nanyang,Henan province. "The film really reflects senior 3students'life."Zhang Ping ,a teacher from a senior high school in Qingdao,commented. What kind of belief does the film convey?
|
[
"Youth is a wonderful thing.",
"We youth should face challenge with smile.",
"Entrance examination is very important in our life.",
"The entrance examination isn't so terrible."
] | 1B
|
What does the word"youth" mean to you? Many define it as a precious time in their life when they are young ,when fun ,passion,and imagination seem limitless.But for most high school students,youth is a time of determination and willpower for achieving their goals. This is vividly shown in Mark of Youth,a movie that opened on Feb 5.Mark of Uouth tells the story of four Senior 3 students in a top high school in the days leading up to the national cooege entrance examination. Each character represents a differet type of student,ranging from the most mischievous to the most motvated .Like most teenagers ,they enjoy carefree moments and like to talk about their schoolmates.But the rension of the approaching exam,probably their first life-changing event,is common-they must memorize seemingly endless English words and Chinese poems,work through piles of aractice test papers,and improve their scores despite the increasing pressure. But life exists beyond campus.That the college entrance examination is coming up doesn't mean they can escape family changes,such as when one character's parents get divorced or another's father is arrested.Can these four young people handle their problems and eventually make it to their ideal universities despite their on -and -off campus stress? The story is set in Hubei Huanggang Middle School,known for its students'outstanding performances on the big exam.The four students are played by the actors who played in the reality shows Happy Boys and Happy Girls.HongKong actor Alex Fong plays their teacher. Students may look more fashionable in Mark of Youth than in real life,but it is the story about the final year of high school that many viewers relate to. "The film is very inspiring,"said Senior 2 student Yao Lingqian,16,from Leshan Foreign Language School in Sichuan proveince."A total commitment to hard work ,though it ca be lonely and no fun at all,will leave precious marks on my youth." And for Senior 3 student Gao Jing ,the film has given her optiomism."The characters taught me that what you score is not the only important thing.The way you approach the exam matters the most,"said the 17-year-old from Zhenping County No 1 High School in Nanyang,Henan province. "The film really reflects senior 3students'life."Zhang Ping ,a teacher from a senior high school in Qingdao,commented. What kind of belief does the film convey?
A. Youth is a wonderful thing.
B. We youth should face challenge with smile.
C. Entrance examination is very important in our life.
D. The entrance examination isn't so terrible.
|
B. We youth should face challenge with smile.
|
Retrieved:
play'and schooling going into the 21st century comes as a result of the increasing complexity of our world and its technologies, which too demand an increasing intricacy of skill as well as a more exhaustive set of pre - requisite abilities. many of the behavioral and emotional problems associated with adolescence may arise as children cope with the increased demands placed on them, demands which have become increasingly abstracted from the work and expectations of adulthood. = = socio - emotional and cognitive markers = = although psychological maturity is specifically grounded in the autonomy of one's decision - making ability, these outcomes are deeply embedded in not only cognition, but also in lifelong processes of emotional, social and moral development. various theorists have provided frameworks for recognizing the indicators of maturity. erikson's stages of psychosocial development describe progression into adult maturity, with each maturational stage characterized by a certain kind of psychosocial conflict. the " identity " stage is characterized as being mainly concerned with issues of role exploration and role confusion, and also the exploration of sexual and other identities. adolescents navigate a web of conflicting values and selves in order to emerge as'the person one has come to be'and'the person society expects one to become '. erikson did not insist that stages begin and end at globally pre - defined points, but that particular stages such as " identity " could extend into adulthood for as long as it took to resolve the conflict. piaget's theory of cognitive development defines the formal operational stage as a plateau reached once an individual can think logically using symbols and is marked by a shift away from " concrete " thought, or thought bound to immediacy and facts, and toward " abstract " thought, or thought employing reflection and deduction. these theories have shaped the investigation of adolescent development and reflect the limitations of cognition prior to adulthood. while maturity is often termed as a label awarded to a child, research has revealed that children themselves hold a clear sense of their own autonomy and personal jurisdiction. for instance, american elementary - aged school children demonstrated an acknowledgement of the limits of their parents'authority over their choice of dress, hairstyle, friends, hobbies, and media choices. but this constrained earlier concept of personal autonomy later develops into a broader understanding of individual freedoms, with an understanding of freedom of speech as a universal right emerging by elementary school age. however, younger children do have difficulty with maintaining a consistent view on universal rights, with 75 % of first - grade children expressing uncertainty about prohibiting freedom of speech in canada.
Original Instruction:
What does the word"youth" mean to you? Many define it as a precious time in their life when they are young ,when fun ,passion,and imagination seem limitless.But for most high school students,youth is a time of determination and willpower for achieving their goals. This is vividly shown in Mark of Youth,a movie that opened on Feb 5.Mark of Uouth tells the story of four Senior 3 students in a top high school in the days leading up to the national cooege entrance examination. Each character represents a differet type of student,ranging from the most mischievous to the most motvated .Like most teenagers ,they enjoy carefree moments and like to talk about their schoolmates.But the rension of the approaching exam,probably their first life-changing event,is common-they must memorize seemingly endless English words and Chinese poems,work through piles of aractice test papers,and improve their scores despite the increasing pressure. But life exists beyond campus.That the college entrance examination is coming up doesn't mean they can escape family changes,such as when one character's parents get divorced or another's father is arrested.Can these four young people handle their problems and eventually make it to their ideal universities despite their on -and -off campus stress? The story is set in Hubei Huanggang Middle School,known for its students'outstanding performances on the big exam.The four students are played by the actors who played in the reality shows Happy Boys and Happy Girls.HongKong actor Alex Fong plays their teacher. Students may look more fashionable in Mark of Youth than in real life,but it is the story about the final year of high school that many viewers relate to. "The film is very inspiring,"said Senior 2 student Yao Lingqian,16,from Leshan Foreign Language School in Sichuan proveince."A total commitment to hard work ,though it ca be lonely and no fun at all,will leave precious marks on my youth." And for Senior 3 student Gao Jing ,the film has given her optiomism."The characters taught me that what you score is not the only important thing.The way you approach the exam matters the most,"said the 17-year-old from Zhenping County No 1 High School in Nanyang,Henan province. "The film really reflects senior 3students'life."Zhang Ping ,a teacher from a senior high school in Qingdao,commented. What kind of belief does the film convey?
A. Youth is a wonderful thing.
B. We youth should face challenge with smile.
C. Entrance examination is very important in our life.
D. The entrance examination isn't so terrible.
|
||
Working women make up nearly half of the U.S. workforce, and 51 percent of professional workers, like doctors, lawyers, nurses and accountants, are female. While climbing the career ladder can be rewarding, it often comes with one big downside: weight gain! New research published this week in the International Journal of Obesity shows that working women are more likely to be overweight, and the more you work, the more pounds you're likely to pile on. Like many women, I work... a lot! As a self-employed nutrition communications specialist, I sit at my desk, in front of a computer, for hours on end. Sitting alone is one of the worst things you can do for your health, and it's directly linked to being overweight and increased fatness, so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight isn't that surprising. If you work, you have less time to move around. Obesity researchers are revealing many other ways that employment is harmful to your diet and waistline. In the International Journal of Obesity study, some 9,276 Australian women aged 45-50 had their body weight and employment status monitored for two years. Results? Those who worked more than 35 hours were likely to gain weight compared to those who worked fewer hours or were out of the workforce. What's more, the more hours a woman worked in a week, the more weight she gained. The authors of the Australian study attribute weight gain among working women to inactivity, lack of time for food preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more alcohol. I'll also add in travel, meals eaten out and working at night as other factors that I can find to make balancing work with a healthy diet a challenge. A woman who works as an accountant is more likely to _ .
|
[
"gain more weight",
"have more time to move around",
"work a full time job",
"keep a balanced diet"
] | 0A
|
Working women make up nearly half of the U.S. workforce, and 51 percent of professional workers, like doctors, lawyers, nurses and accountants, are female. While climbing the career ladder can be rewarding, it often comes with one big downside: weight gain! New research published this week in the International Journal of Obesity shows that working women are more likely to be overweight, and the more you work, the more pounds you're likely to pile on. Like many women, I work... a lot! As a self-employed nutrition communications specialist, I sit at my desk, in front of a computer, for hours on end. Sitting alone is one of the worst things you can do for your health, and it's directly linked to being overweight and increased fatness, so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight isn't that surprising. If you work, you have less time to move around. Obesity researchers are revealing many other ways that employment is harmful to your diet and waistline. In the International Journal of Obesity study, some 9,276 Australian women aged 45-50 had their body weight and employment status monitored for two years. Results? Those who worked more than 35 hours were likely to gain weight compared to those who worked fewer hours or were out of the workforce. What's more, the more hours a woman worked in a week, the more weight she gained. The authors of the Australian study attribute weight gain among working women to inactivity, lack of time for food preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more alcohol. I'll also add in travel, meals eaten out and working at night as other factors that I can find to make balancing work with a healthy diet a challenge. A woman who works as an accountant is more likely to _ .
A. gain more weight
B. have more time to move around
C. work a full time job
D. keep a balanced diet
|
A. gain more weight
|
Retrieved:
not exhibit stereotypical masculine traits, ( e. g. aggressiveness, thick skin, lack of emotional expression ) and interpersonal communication tendencies were disadvantaged compared to their male peers. as the ratio of men to women increases in the upper levels of management, women's access to female mentors who could advise them on ways to navigate office politics is limited, further inhibiting upward mobility within a corporation or firm. furthermore, the frozen middle affects female professionals in western and eastern countries such as the united states and malaysia, respectively, as well as women in a variety of fields ranging from the aforementioned corporations to stem fields. = = = " second shift " = = = the second shift focuses on the idea that women theoretically work a second shift in the manner of having a greater workload, not just doing a greater share of domestic work. all of the tasks that are engaged in outside the workplace are mainly tied to motherhood. depending on location, household income, educational attainment, ethnicity and location, data shows that women do work a second shift in the sense of having a greater workload, not just doing a greater share of domestic work, but this is not apparent if simultaneous activity is overlooked. alva myrdal and viola klein as early as 1956 focused on the potential of both men and women working in settings that included paid and unpaid types of work environments. research indicated that men and women could have equal time for activities outside the work environment for family and extra activities. this " second shift " has also been found to have physical effects as well. women who engage in longer hours of work in pursuit of family balance often face increased mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. increased irritability, lower motivation and energy, and other emotional issues were also found to occur as well. the overall happiness of women can be improved if a balance of career and home responsibilities is found. = = = " mommy track " = = = " mommy track " refers to women who disregard their careers and professional responsibilities in order to satisfy the needs of their families. women are often subject to long work hours that create an imbalance within the work - family schedule. there is research suggesting that women are able to operate on a part - time professional schedule compared to others who worked full - time while still engaged in external family activities. this research also suggests that flexible work arrangements allow the achievement of a healthy work and family balance. a difference has also been discovered in the cost and amount of effort in childbearing between women in higher skilled positions and roles, as
Original Instruction:
Working women make up nearly half of the U.S. workforce, and 51 percent of professional workers, like doctors, lawyers, nurses and accountants, are female. While climbing the career ladder can be rewarding, it often comes with one big downside: weight gain! New research published this week in the International Journal of Obesity shows that working women are more likely to be overweight, and the more you work, the more pounds you're likely to pile on. Like many women, I work... a lot! As a self-employed nutrition communications specialist, I sit at my desk, in front of a computer, for hours on end. Sitting alone is one of the worst things you can do for your health, and it's directly linked to being overweight and increased fatness, so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight isn't that surprising. If you work, you have less time to move around. Obesity researchers are revealing many other ways that employment is harmful to your diet and waistline. In the International Journal of Obesity study, some 9,276 Australian women aged 45-50 had their body weight and employment status monitored for two years. Results? Those who worked more than 35 hours were likely to gain weight compared to those who worked fewer hours or were out of the workforce. What's more, the more hours a woman worked in a week, the more weight she gained. The authors of the Australian study attribute weight gain among working women to inactivity, lack of time for food preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more alcohol. I'll also add in travel, meals eaten out and working at night as other factors that I can find to make balancing work with a healthy diet a challenge. A woman who works as an accountant is more likely to _ .
A. gain more weight
B. have more time to move around
C. work a full time job
D. keep a balanced diet
|
||
The current Ebola outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people, including 1,552 dead, making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virus --about 60 percent of people infected with it have died. How is Ebola doing its harm? When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body's immune cells, which defend against infection, said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a person's immune system can stand up to this attack, then he is more likely to survive the disease. The patients that survive it best are those who don't get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But if the body isn't able to get rid of this attack, then the immune system becomes less able to regulate itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control, leading to a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure and eventually death. What are the common symptoms of the disease? Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body. How to prevent the spread of Ebola? Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients, specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient. We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing, bedding, and needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now, the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa, four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates . If you're in an area where the disease has been reported, avoid purchasing, eating, or handling wild game to stay on the safe side. Wear protective medical clothing if you're around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns, which needed to be worn at all times if you're around infected patients. How Do People Survive Ebola? Doctors don't know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection. Our suggestions include: Maintain your electrolytes and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where you're feeling pain. What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola?
|
[
"Fever and chills.",
"Swallowing difficulty.",
"Loss of blood.",
"High blood pressure."
] | 3D
|
The current Ebola outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people, including 1,552 dead, making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virus --about 60 percent of people infected with it have died. How is Ebola doing its harm? When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body's immune cells, which defend against infection, said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a person's immune system can stand up to this attack, then he is more likely to survive the disease. The patients that survive it best are those who don't get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But if the body isn't able to get rid of this attack, then the immune system becomes less able to regulate itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control, leading to a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure and eventually death. What are the common symptoms of the disease? Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body. How to prevent the spread of Ebola? Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients, specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient. We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing, bedding, and needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now, the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa, four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates . If you're in an area where the disease has been reported, avoid purchasing, eating, or handling wild game to stay on the safe side. Wear protective medical clothing if you're around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns, which needed to be worn at all times if you're around infected patients. How Do People Survive Ebola? Doctors don't know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection. Our suggestions include: Maintain your electrolytes and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where you're feeling pain. What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola?
A. Fever and chills.
B. Swallowing difficulty.
C. Loss of blood.
D. High blood pressure.
|
D. High blood pressure.
|
Retrieved:
##mab, in their ongoing clinical trials, citing the higher mortality rates of patients not treated with atoltivimab / maftivimab / odesivimab and ansuvimab. in october 2020, the us food and drug administration ( fda ) approved atoltivimab / maftivimab / odesivimab with an indication for the treatment of infection caused by zaire ebolavirus. = = references = = = = further reading = = madelain v, nguyen th, olivo a, de lamballerie x, guedj j, taburet am, et al. ( august 2016 ). " ebola virus infection : review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs considered for testing in human efficacy trials ". clin pharmacokinet. 55 ( 8 ) : 907 – 23. doi : 10. 1007 / s40262 - 015 - 0364 - 1. pmc 5680399. pmid 26798032.
Original Instruction:
The current Ebola outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people, including 1,552 dead, making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virus --about 60 percent of people infected with it have died. How is Ebola doing its harm? When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body's immune cells, which defend against infection, said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a person's immune system can stand up to this attack, then he is more likely to survive the disease. The patients that survive it best are those who don't get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But if the body isn't able to get rid of this attack, then the immune system becomes less able to regulate itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control, leading to a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure and eventually death. What are the common symptoms of the disease? Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body. How to prevent the spread of Ebola? Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients, specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient. We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing, bedding, and needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now, the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa, four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates . If you're in an area where the disease has been reported, avoid purchasing, eating, or handling wild game to stay on the safe side. Wear protective medical clothing if you're around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns, which needed to be worn at all times if you're around infected patients. How Do People Survive Ebola? Doctors don't know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection. Our suggestions include: Maintain your electrolytes and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where you're feeling pain. What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola?
A. Fever and chills.
B. Swallowing difficulty.
C. Loss of blood.
D. High blood pressure.
|
||
Every year there is a Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It is the most important festival in China. So before it comes, everyone has to prepare things. They buy pork, beef, chicken, fruits and many other things. And they often make a special kind of food--"dumplings". It means "come together". On the day before the festival, parents buy new clothes for their children. Children also buy presents for their parents. On the Spring Festival Eve , all the family members come back to their hometown. This is a happy moment. Some sing and dance, some play cards and others get the dinner ready. When they enjoy the meal, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year. They all have a good time. ,,. (5 ,2,10) Which is the most important festival in China?
|
[
"Mid-Autumn Festival.",
"Spring Festival.",
"Children's Day.",
"Teachers' Day"
] | 1B
|
Every year there is a Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It is the most important festival in China. So before it comes, everyone has to prepare things. They buy pork, beef, chicken, fruits and many other things. And they often make a special kind of food--"dumplings". It means "come together". On the day before the festival, parents buy new clothes for their children. Children also buy presents for their parents. On the Spring Festival Eve , all the family members come back to their hometown. This is a happy moment. Some sing and dance, some play cards and others get the dinner ready. When they enjoy the meal, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year. They all have a good time. ,,. (5 ,2,10) Which is the most important festival in China?
A. Mid-Autumn Festival.
B. Spring Festival.
C. Children's Day.
D. Teachers' Day
|
B. Spring Festival.
|
Retrieved:
has regional style forms such as beijing and cantonese opera. chinese pop ( c - pop ) includes mandopop and cantopop. chinese hip hop and hong kong hip hop have become popular. = = = fashion = = = hanfu is the historical clothing of the han people in china. the qipao or cheongsam is a popular chinese female dress. the hanfu movement has been popular in contemporary times and seeks to revitalize hanfu clothing. china fashion week is the country's only national - level fashion festival. = = = cinema = = = cinema was first introduced to china in 1896 and the first chinese film, dingjun mountain, was released in 1905. china has had the largest number of movie screens in the world since 2016 ; china became the largest cinema market in 2020. the top three highest - grossing films in china as of 2025 were ne zha 2 ( 2025 ), the battle at lake changjin ( 2021 ), and wolf warrior 2 ( 2017 ). = = = cuisine = = = chinese cuisine is highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history and geographical variety, in which the most influential are known as the " eight major cuisines ", including sichuan, cantonese, jiangsu, shandong, fujian, hunan, anhui, and zhejiang cuisines. chinese cuisine is known for its breadth of cooking methods and ingredients. china's staple food is rice in the northeast and south, and wheat - based breads and noodles in the north. bean products such as tofu and soy milk remain a popular source of protein. pork is now the most popular meat in china, accounting for about three - fourths of the country's total meat consumption. there is also the vegetarian buddhist cuisine and the pork - free chinese islamic cuisine. chinese cuisine, due to the area's proximity to the ocean and milder climate, has a wide variety of seafood and vegetables. offshoots of chinese food, such as hong kong cuisine and american chinese cuisine, have emerged in the chinese diaspora. = = = sports = = = china has one of the oldest sporting cultures. there is evidence that archery ( shejian ) was practiced during the western zhou dynasty. swordplay ( jianshu ) and cuju, a sport loosely related to association football date back to china's early dynasties as well. physical fitness is widely emphasized in chinese culture, with morning exercises such as qigong and tai chi widely practiced, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs are gaining popularity. basketball is the most popular
Original Instruction:
Every year there is a Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It is the most important festival in China. So before it comes, everyone has to prepare things. They buy pork, beef, chicken, fruits and many other things. And they often make a special kind of food--"dumplings". It means "come together". On the day before the festival, parents buy new clothes for their children. Children also buy presents for their parents. On the Spring Festival Eve , all the family members come back to their hometown. This is a happy moment. Some sing and dance, some play cards and others get the dinner ready. When they enjoy the meal, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year. They all have a good time. ,,. (5 ,2,10) Which is the most important festival in China?
A. Mid-Autumn Festival.
B. Spring Festival.
C. Children's Day.
D. Teachers' Day
|
||
Based on cultural traditions and the changing face of contemporary British communities, the Festival of Muslim Cultures joins young people from Muslim and non-Muslim backgrounds together through the creation of innovative , high quality cultural activities. We have been working with arts and educational institutions across the UK to promote the mainstreaming of Muslim cultures within UK everyday life. The Festival was created out of the need to encourage a better understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims, to promote respect for Muslim cultures and to show how culture creates the pathways that connect us all together. The program launched with a visit by the Festival's patron , the Prince of Wales, to the exhibition "Palace and Mosque" in Sheffield and since then there have been more than 100 events that have ranged from a Somali community day in Cardiff at the National Museum of Wales to a late-night Dance with Radio Tarifa (from Spain) and Dimi Mint Abba (form Mauritania) in the Royal Albert Hall and from a home-grown play in Nottingham about the Kashmir earthquake to the exhibition"Beyond the Palace Walls" at the Royal Museum Edinburgh of Islamic art from the Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg. We are now working on a number of long-term projects which stay true to our commitment to promoting Muslim cultures through arts collaborations and build on the extensive network of local, national and international partners that Festival has created. These include a three-year national program that connects young Muslims to their local cultural institutions; a UK Muslim cookbook; an exhibition of the Ottoman architect Sinan; and a project for schools around the 1000-year old story "The Animals' Lawsuit against Humanity". For more information about the Festival, please click on another page: Who's Who. Which is NOT the purpose of holding the Festival of Muslim Cultures?
|
[
"To promote people's respect for Muslim cultures.",
"To show to people how cultures join the people together.",
"To try to change the beliefs of various religions.",
"To make Muslims and non-Muslims understand each other better."
] | 2C
|
Based on cultural traditions and the changing face of contemporary British communities, the Festival of Muslim Cultures joins young people from Muslim and non-Muslim backgrounds together through the creation of innovative , high quality cultural activities. We have been working with arts and educational institutions across the UK to promote the mainstreaming of Muslim cultures within UK everyday life. The Festival was created out of the need to encourage a better understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims, to promote respect for Muslim cultures and to show how culture creates the pathways that connect us all together. The program launched with a visit by the Festival's patron , the Prince of Wales, to the exhibition "Palace and Mosque" in Sheffield and since then there have been more than 100 events that have ranged from a Somali community day in Cardiff at the National Museum of Wales to a late-night Dance with Radio Tarifa (from Spain) and Dimi Mint Abba (form Mauritania) in the Royal Albert Hall and from a home-grown play in Nottingham about the Kashmir earthquake to the exhibition"Beyond the Palace Walls" at the Royal Museum Edinburgh of Islamic art from the Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg. We are now working on a number of long-term projects which stay true to our commitment to promoting Muslim cultures through arts collaborations and build on the extensive network of local, national and international partners that Festival has created. These include a three-year national program that connects young Muslims to their local cultural institutions; a UK Muslim cookbook; an exhibition of the Ottoman architect Sinan; and a project for schools around the 1000-year old story "The Animals' Lawsuit against Humanity". For more information about the Festival, please click on another page: Who's Who. Which is NOT the purpose of holding the Festival of Muslim Cultures?
A. To promote people's respect for Muslim cultures.
B. To show to people how cultures join the people together.
C. To try to change the beliefs of various religions.
D. To make Muslims and non-Muslims understand each other better.
|
C. To try to change the beliefs of various religions.
|
Retrieved:
centre courtyard, hereford london velopark ( also known as london 2012 velodrome ) maidstone museum - east wing extension manchester art gallery national centre for popular music ( now known as sheffield hallam university students'union ) national maritime museum cornwall national waterfront museum newlyn art gallery the collection lincoln the hepworth wakefield the mac belfast the sage gateshead the whitworth art gallery, manchester the novium museum the wilson art gallery & museum the leventis gallery = = = education, health and the community = = = campuses of the university of nottingham jubilee campus, university of nottingham corpus christi college auditorium evelina children's hospital james allen's community music school st thomas'hospital re - cladding kentish town health centre london school of economics, saw swee hock student centre city and islington college bishop edward king chapel = = = housing and regeneration = = = clayfield affordable homes redevelopment of jcb's heavy products site timber wharf = = = public realm, artworks and structures = = = halley research station infinity bridge kielder observatory millennium bridge ( london ) pylon design competition the halo, rossendale the royal parks foundation - drinking fountains bbc listening project riba lounge mipimuk 2014 grand designs live 2015 = = references = =
Original Instruction:
Based on cultural traditions and the changing face of contemporary British communities, the Festival of Muslim Cultures joins young people from Muslim and non-Muslim backgrounds together through the creation of innovative , high quality cultural activities. We have been working with arts and educational institutions across the UK to promote the mainstreaming of Muslim cultures within UK everyday life. The Festival was created out of the need to encourage a better understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims, to promote respect for Muslim cultures and to show how culture creates the pathways that connect us all together. The program launched with a visit by the Festival's patron , the Prince of Wales, to the exhibition "Palace and Mosque" in Sheffield and since then there have been more than 100 events that have ranged from a Somali community day in Cardiff at the National Museum of Wales to a late-night Dance with Radio Tarifa (from Spain) and Dimi Mint Abba (form Mauritania) in the Royal Albert Hall and from a home-grown play in Nottingham about the Kashmir earthquake to the exhibition"Beyond the Palace Walls" at the Royal Museum Edinburgh of Islamic art from the Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg. We are now working on a number of long-term projects which stay true to our commitment to promoting Muslim cultures through arts collaborations and build on the extensive network of local, national and international partners that Festival has created. These include a three-year national program that connects young Muslims to their local cultural institutions; a UK Muslim cookbook; an exhibition of the Ottoman architect Sinan; and a project for schools around the 1000-year old story "The Animals' Lawsuit against Humanity". For more information about the Festival, please click on another page: Who's Who. Which is NOT the purpose of holding the Festival of Muslim Cultures?
A. To promote people's respect for Muslim cultures.
B. To show to people how cultures join the people together.
C. To try to change the beliefs of various religions.
D. To make Muslims and non-Muslims understand each other better.
|
||
Today, most people follow a routine, such that they are caught in a cycle of running around the clock without getting any breathing space to enjoy a satisfying life. If you could only take a pause and inspect your routine with a new outlook, you would find that it is actually easy to make some positive changes in life. Making time for yourself is one such positive change. Waking up early gives you ample time to exercise, have your breakfast peacefully, look after your garden, and then get on with the rest of your day. Morning time can be effectively used for planning the day ahead. As a result, you will get enough time to plan your schedule in a better manner. By maintaining a diary of daily tasks, you offer yourself enough time to prepare your schedule, besides not leaving out the important things that need to be done. By writing down the daily activities at hand, you can make necessary changes to the next day's schedule effectively. You don't have to spend hours in a gym every day to stay fit and healthy. In fact, even if you devote just around 20 to 30 minutes daily to exercises like stretching and walking, it can work wonders. Well, the option of using public transport to save time, at first glance, may not seem to be a good idea. However, by using public transit, you will get the time to read books or make those important calls. You would be amazed to know how reading transforms your thought process and personality as a whole. When you get habitual to watching TV, you waste so much time doing nothing constructive. Many a time, you are not really interested in watching TV. In such cases, you need to break free of this habit and invest your precious time in something worthwhile. Paint something or play a game of chess with your kids. This way, you not only make quality time for yourselves, but also create a positive environment at home. Internet surfing, these days, is one of the top time-wasting activities around. Internet users, over time, get habitual to surfing the Internet purposelessly. In fact, Internet surfing is a kind of addiction which many of us find difficult to get rid of. Thus, reducing the amount of time you are on the Internet is one way to save time for yourself. A fast-paced life should not be an excuse that is used not to look after yourself. In fact, such a lifestyle should be the very reason for you to treat yourself with great care and make more time for yourself. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"Good habits one should develop in a fast-paced life.",
"Tips on enjoying a satisfying and happy life.",
"The importance of making positive changes.",
"Easy ways to set aside time for yourself."
] | 3D
|
Today, most people follow a routine, such that they are caught in a cycle of running around the clock without getting any breathing space to enjoy a satisfying life. If you could only take a pause and inspect your routine with a new outlook, you would find that it is actually easy to make some positive changes in life. Making time for yourself is one such positive change. Waking up early gives you ample time to exercise, have your breakfast peacefully, look after your garden, and then get on with the rest of your day. Morning time can be effectively used for planning the day ahead. As a result, you will get enough time to plan your schedule in a better manner. By maintaining a diary of daily tasks, you offer yourself enough time to prepare your schedule, besides not leaving out the important things that need to be done. By writing down the daily activities at hand, you can make necessary changes to the next day's schedule effectively. You don't have to spend hours in a gym every day to stay fit and healthy. In fact, even if you devote just around 20 to 30 minutes daily to exercises like stretching and walking, it can work wonders. Well, the option of using public transport to save time, at first glance, may not seem to be a good idea. However, by using public transit, you will get the time to read books or make those important calls. You would be amazed to know how reading transforms your thought process and personality as a whole. When you get habitual to watching TV, you waste so much time doing nothing constructive. Many a time, you are not really interested in watching TV. In such cases, you need to break free of this habit and invest your precious time in something worthwhile. Paint something or play a game of chess with your kids. This way, you not only make quality time for yourselves, but also create a positive environment at home. Internet surfing, these days, is one of the top time-wasting activities around. Internet users, over time, get habitual to surfing the Internet purposelessly. In fact, Internet surfing is a kind of addiction which many of us find difficult to get rid of. Thus, reducing the amount of time you are on the Internet is one way to save time for yourself. A fast-paced life should not be an excuse that is used not to look after yourself. In fact, such a lifestyle should be the very reason for you to treat yourself with great care and make more time for yourself. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Good habits one should develop in a fast-paced life.
B. Tips on enjoying a satisfying and happy life.
C. The importance of making positive changes.
D. Easy ways to set aside time for yourself.
|
D. Easy ways to set aside time for yourself.
|
Retrieved:
everyday life, daily life or routine life comprises the ways in which people typically act, think, and feel on a daily basis. everyday life may be described as mundane, routine, natural, habitual, or normal. human diurnality means most people sleep at least part of the night and are active in daytime. most eat two or three meals in a day. working time ( apart from shift work ) mostly involves a daily schedule, beginning in the morning. this produces the daily rush hours experienced by many millions, and the drive time focused on by radio broadcasters. evening is often leisure time. bathing every day is a custom for many. beyond these broad similarities, lifestyles vary and different people spend their days differently. for example, nomadic life differs from sedentism, and among the sedentary, urban people live differently from rural folk. differences in the lives of the rich and the poor, or between laborers and intellectuals, may go beyond their working hours. children and adults also vary in what they do each day. = = sociological perspectives = = everyday life is a key concept in cultural studies and is a specialized subject in the field of sociology. some argue that, motivated by capitalism and industrialism's degrading effects on human existence and perception, writers and artists of the 19th century turned more towards self - reflection and the portrayal of everyday life represented in their writings and art to a noticeably greater degree than in past works, for example renaissance literature's interest in hagiography and politics. other theorists dispute this argument based on a long history of writings about daily life which can be seen in works from ancient greece, medieval christianity and the age of enlightenment. in the study of everyday life, gender has been an important factor in its conceptions. some theorists regard women as the quintessential representatives and victims of everyday life. the connotation of everyday life is often negative, and is distinctively separated from exceptional moments by its lack of distinction and differentiation. ultimately this is defined as the essential, taken - for - granted continuum of mundane activity that outlines forays into more esoteric experiences. it is the non - negotiable reality that exists amongst all social groupings without discrimination and is an unavoidable basis for which all human endeavor exists. much of everyday life is automatic in that it is driven by current environmental features as mediated by automatic cognitive processing of those features, and without any mediation by conscious choice, according to social psychologist john a. bargh. daily life is also studied by sociologists
Original Instruction:
Today, most people follow a routine, such that they are caught in a cycle of running around the clock without getting any breathing space to enjoy a satisfying life. If you could only take a pause and inspect your routine with a new outlook, you would find that it is actually easy to make some positive changes in life. Making time for yourself is one such positive change. Waking up early gives you ample time to exercise, have your breakfast peacefully, look after your garden, and then get on with the rest of your day. Morning time can be effectively used for planning the day ahead. As a result, you will get enough time to plan your schedule in a better manner. By maintaining a diary of daily tasks, you offer yourself enough time to prepare your schedule, besides not leaving out the important things that need to be done. By writing down the daily activities at hand, you can make necessary changes to the next day's schedule effectively. You don't have to spend hours in a gym every day to stay fit and healthy. In fact, even if you devote just around 20 to 30 minutes daily to exercises like stretching and walking, it can work wonders. Well, the option of using public transport to save time, at first glance, may not seem to be a good idea. However, by using public transit, you will get the time to read books or make those important calls. You would be amazed to know how reading transforms your thought process and personality as a whole. When you get habitual to watching TV, you waste so much time doing nothing constructive. Many a time, you are not really interested in watching TV. In such cases, you need to break free of this habit and invest your precious time in something worthwhile. Paint something or play a game of chess with your kids. This way, you not only make quality time for yourselves, but also create a positive environment at home. Internet surfing, these days, is one of the top time-wasting activities around. Internet users, over time, get habitual to surfing the Internet purposelessly. In fact, Internet surfing is a kind of addiction which many of us find difficult to get rid of. Thus, reducing the amount of time you are on the Internet is one way to save time for yourself. A fast-paced life should not be an excuse that is used not to look after yourself. In fact, such a lifestyle should be the very reason for you to treat yourself with great care and make more time for yourself. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Good habits one should develop in a fast-paced life.
B. Tips on enjoying a satisfying and happy life.
C. The importance of making positive changes.
D. Easy ways to set aside time for yourself.
|
||
A. Dear Mrs. Web Dear Mrs. Web provides free personal advice and opinions for you. She receives and answers worldwide e-mail questions . She will offer you some new suggestions on your problems, like study project, problems in making friends... Dear Mrs. Web welcomes all questions and suggestions. You can receive the reply usually in 48 hours. Her e-mail address is mrsweb @ advice com B. Help Line Volunteers Every year thousands of old people are in need of our help. The Help Line provides a heartwarming. helpful, kind support and free information service for the English-speaking aged people. We are in need of volunteers who are :good listeners, warm-hearted and patient; excellent English speaker; can work 10 hour every week. Please call us at 0241-85902 or e-mail us at helper@lineservice.com. C. Save the Earth Club Earth club is for any student in Green School. Earth Club's goal is to help keep the school, neighborhood and city cleaner by encouraging recycling, highway clean up, and river, lake and school campus clean up. We hope to improve the environment and encourage others to do the same. We also need to discuss some real solutions to save the earth. Earth Club meets 2-4times a month. Come and join us! D. The King Sweeper "My great, great grandfather invented the carpet sweeper 125years ago. This King Sweeper is by far the best. I invite you to try it in your home. You'll find it used daily in hospitals, restaurants, offices and homes throughout the world. This is just the thing to keep your carpet soft , clean and fresh. Only for $59.99! We are so sure that you will be satisfied with the results of using our product. E. Trendy Sunglasses They can protect your eyes when driving, gardening or reading in the sun. It can make your life easier and happier, and make you look smarter! $20.99 each or 2 for$39.99! Save the Earth Club is _ to help improve environment.
|
[
"a world club",
"a city club",
"a school club",
"a neighborhood club"
] | 2C
|
A. Dear Mrs. Web Dear Mrs. Web provides free personal advice and opinions for you. She receives and answers worldwide e-mail questions . She will offer you some new suggestions on your problems, like study project, problems in making friends... Dear Mrs. Web welcomes all questions and suggestions. You can receive the reply usually in 48 hours. Her e-mail address is mrsweb @ advice com B. Help Line Volunteers Every year thousands of old people are in need of our help. The Help Line provides a heartwarming. helpful, kind support and free information service for the English-speaking aged people. We are in need of volunteers who are :good listeners, warm-hearted and patient; excellent English speaker; can work 10 hour every week. Please call us at 0241-85902 or e-mail us at helper@lineservice.com. C. Save the Earth Club Earth club is for any student in Green School. Earth Club's goal is to help keep the school, neighborhood and city cleaner by encouraging recycling, highway clean up, and river, lake and school campus clean up. We hope to improve the environment and encourage others to do the same. We also need to discuss some real solutions to save the earth. Earth Club meets 2-4times a month. Come and join us! D. The King Sweeper "My great, great grandfather invented the carpet sweeper 125years ago. This King Sweeper is by far the best. I invite you to try it in your home. You'll find it used daily in hospitals, restaurants, offices and homes throughout the world. This is just the thing to keep your carpet soft , clean and fresh. Only for $59.99! We are so sure that you will be satisfied with the results of using our product. E. Trendy Sunglasses They can protect your eyes when driving, gardening or reading in the sun. It can make your life easier and happier, and make you look smarter! $20.99 each or 2 for$39.99! Save the Earth Club is _ to help improve environment.
A. a world club
B. a city club
C. a school club
D. a neighborhood club
|
C. a school club
|
Retrieved:
more eco friendly. especially in recent years with the growing environmental movement, a myriad of organizations and individuals have released their own guides to living sustainably or in other words their own “ green guides. ” for example, national geographic, a magazine company whose slogan is “ inspiring people to care about the planet since 1888, ” first launched its national geographic green guide in 2003. this magazine guide gave readers tips and examples on how to live a more sustainable and “ greener ” life. national geographic discontinued the print version of their guide in january 2009, but it continues to run the guide on their webpage. there readers can read over guides on living more sustainably with their home and garden, travel and transport, food, and purchases. also national geographic provides readers with recent environmental news, “ green living hot topics, ” and interactive quizzes to determine how sustainably their living and what they can do to change. every day more and more people and organizations keep generating new ideas and novel innovations on how to live more sustainable lives. these fresh ideas act themselves as green guides as long as their information is spread, either by print or on the internet. for example, back in november 2007 rebecca kelley and joy hatch were just two friends who happened to be pregnant at the same time, but by sharing their ideals and interests of raising their children sustainably they created a blog called “ the green baby guide ”. this blog created a guide for mothers interested in how they could make their child rearing process more environmentally friendly and sustainable. eventually their community of interested mothers grew so large that they came out with a book in march 2010 called " the eco - nomical baby guide : down - to - earth ways for parents to save money and the planet ". with more people wanting to become enlightened about sustainable living every day there is plenty of room for additional green guides to be produced causing the history of green guides to be changing and evolving all the time. = = federal trade commission = = the federal trade commission green guide is a general guide made by the united states government. it uses examples of everyday ‘ green items ’. the articles are quite broad, and can be applied to almost every ‘ green ’ consumer product. the ftc issued its green guides, to help marketers avoid making environmental claims that are unfair or deceptive under section 5 of the ftc act. the green guides outline general principles that apply to all environmental marketing claims and then provide guidance on specific green claims, such as biodegradable, compostable, recycl
Original Instruction:
A. Dear Mrs. Web Dear Mrs. Web provides free personal advice and opinions for you. She receives and answers worldwide e-mail questions . She will offer you some new suggestions on your problems, like study project, problems in making friends... Dear Mrs. Web welcomes all questions and suggestions. You can receive the reply usually in 48 hours. Her e-mail address is mrsweb @ advice com B. Help Line Volunteers Every year thousands of old people are in need of our help. The Help Line provides a heartwarming. helpful, kind support and free information service for the English-speaking aged people. We are in need of volunteers who are :good listeners, warm-hearted and patient; excellent English speaker; can work 10 hour every week. Please call us at 0241-85902 or e-mail us at helper@lineservice.com. C. Save the Earth Club Earth club is for any student in Green School. Earth Club's goal is to help keep the school, neighborhood and city cleaner by encouraging recycling, highway clean up, and river, lake and school campus clean up. We hope to improve the environment and encourage others to do the same. We also need to discuss some real solutions to save the earth. Earth Club meets 2-4times a month. Come and join us! D. The King Sweeper "My great, great grandfather invented the carpet sweeper 125years ago. This King Sweeper is by far the best. I invite you to try it in your home. You'll find it used daily in hospitals, restaurants, offices and homes throughout the world. This is just the thing to keep your carpet soft , clean and fresh. Only for $59.99! We are so sure that you will be satisfied with the results of using our product. E. Trendy Sunglasses They can protect your eyes when driving, gardening or reading in the sun. It can make your life easier and happier, and make you look smarter! $20.99 each or 2 for$39.99! Save the Earth Club is _ to help improve environment.
A. a world club
B. a city club
C. a school club
D. a neighborhood club
|
||
Prison Break is a huge hit thanks to its handsome star,Wentworth Miller. His actor, Michael Scofield, is the engine that drives the show. Michael Scofield is one of the most interesting personalities on television today. But what about the man behind the character? Miller,35,is a hard guy to figure out. He does not come from a normal background and has never lived his life in a typical way. Milier didn't take a direct path to fame and fortune. He graduated from Princeton University in 1995,not with a degree in theatre or film, but in English. He didn't even act when he was in college. His only performance experience was in his university's singing group. Yet, at graduation Miller still decided to make the move to prefix = st1 /Hollywood. Miller has always been different. Although he is American, he was born in Britainwhen his father was studying there. His family background is also a special mix of cultures. "My father is black and my mother is white. That means I have always been caught in the middle. I could be either one, which can make you feel out of place," Miller says. Following his unusual path,Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he first got to Hollywood. Instead, he worked as a lowly production assistant. Not what you would expect from a Princeton graduate. However, _ . In 2002,Miller played a role in the drama Dinotopia. He starred as a thoughtful and shy man. Producers remembered his performance when they were castingPrison Breaktwo years later. With a golden globe nomination and another season of Prison Breakon his resume ,Miller seems ready to take over all of Hollywood. What do you think the text is mainly about?
|
[
"What kind person Michael Scofield is.",
"Miller's unusual path to fame and fortune.",
"Why Fox's Prison Break became a huge hit.",
"How special Miller is in the entertainment field."
] | 1B
|
Prison Break is a huge hit thanks to its handsome star,Wentworth Miller. His actor, Michael Scofield, is the engine that drives the show. Michael Scofield is one of the most interesting personalities on television today. But what about the man behind the character? Miller,35,is a hard guy to figure out. He does not come from a normal background and has never lived his life in a typical way. Milier didn't take a direct path to fame and fortune. He graduated from Princeton University in 1995,not with a degree in theatre or film, but in English. He didn't even act when he was in college. His only performance experience was in his university's singing group. Yet, at graduation Miller still decided to make the move to prefix = st1 /Hollywood. Miller has always been different. Although he is American, he was born in Britainwhen his father was studying there. His family background is also a special mix of cultures. "My father is black and my mother is white. That means I have always been caught in the middle. I could be either one, which can make you feel out of place," Miller says. Following his unusual path,Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he first got to Hollywood. Instead, he worked as a lowly production assistant. Not what you would expect from a Princeton graduate. However, _ . In 2002,Miller played a role in the drama Dinotopia. He starred as a thoughtful and shy man. Producers remembered his performance when they were castingPrison Breaktwo years later. With a golden globe nomination and another season of Prison Breakon his resume ,Miller seems ready to take over all of Hollywood. What do you think the text is mainly about?
A. What kind person Michael Scofield is.
B. Miller's unusual path to fame and fortune.
C. Why Fox's Prison Break became a huge hit.
D. How special Miller is in the entertainment field.
|
B. Miller's unusual path to fame and fortune.
|
Retrieved:
hands and earn cash so he could receive the surgery / therapy he needed. in 2015, a 31 - year - old liverpool man, mohammed ali, was sentenced to eight years in prison after trying to buy 500 mg of ricin, a toxin which plays a major part in the show's plot, on a darknet market. in his testimony, he stated he was merely curious as to what he could buy off the dark web and as " [ he ] had been watching breaking bad, [ he ] just had ricin in [ his ] mind. " = = = = dexter = = = = in canada, mark twitchell was arrested in 2008 for the attempted murder of one man and the successful murder of another. he was convicted of the latter crime only in 2011, but he documented his efforts to become a serial killer and is a fan of the television show dexter. = = = = monsters : the lyle and erik menendez story = = = = on march 4, 2025, 15 - year - old reed r. gelinskey was arrested and subsequently charged with first - degree intentional homicide for the death of his mother in caledonia, wisconsin. gelinskey stated that he developed the plan to kill his parents after watching the " shotgun scene " from the netflix limited series monsters : the lyle and erik menendez story. = = = films = = = scream : a 24 - year - old man, thierry jaradin, stabbed a young girl, alisson cambier, 30 times ; similar to the way the victim was stabbed in the movie. he had been wearing the ghostface costume, and later confessed that he had planned the murder in a similar way to the movie. on september 22, 2006, cassie jo stoddart, a high school student, was murdered by her classmates brian draper and torey adamcik in her aunt and uncle's house in pocatello, idaho, united states. the perpetrators claimed that they were inspired to murder stoddart by scream, which led to them being nicknamed " the scream killers ". adamcik and draper recorded documentary - style videos about how they were horror movie fans, especially scream, and wanted to reenact a similar murder in real life. fight club : there have been many incidents inspired by the movie. one of the incidents occurred in 2009 during the memorial day weekend in new york city. bombs were set off in various locations supposedly representing their oppression. kyle shaw was found guilty, and was himself a member of the local fight club
Original Instruction:
Prison Break is a huge hit thanks to its handsome star,Wentworth Miller. His actor, Michael Scofield, is the engine that drives the show. Michael Scofield is one of the most interesting personalities on television today. But what about the man behind the character? Miller,35,is a hard guy to figure out. He does not come from a normal background and has never lived his life in a typical way. Milier didn't take a direct path to fame and fortune. He graduated from Princeton University in 1995,not with a degree in theatre or film, but in English. He didn't even act when he was in college. His only performance experience was in his university's singing group. Yet, at graduation Miller still decided to make the move to prefix = st1 /Hollywood. Miller has always been different. Although he is American, he was born in Britainwhen his father was studying there. His family background is also a special mix of cultures. "My father is black and my mother is white. That means I have always been caught in the middle. I could be either one, which can make you feel out of place," Miller says. Following his unusual path,Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he first got to Hollywood. Instead, he worked as a lowly production assistant. Not what you would expect from a Princeton graduate. However, _ . In 2002,Miller played a role in the drama Dinotopia. He starred as a thoughtful and shy man. Producers remembered his performance when they were castingPrison Breaktwo years later. With a golden globe nomination and another season of Prison Breakon his resume ,Miller seems ready to take over all of Hollywood. What do you think the text is mainly about?
A. What kind person Michael Scofield is.
B. Miller's unusual path to fame and fortune.
C. Why Fox's Prison Break became a huge hit.
D. How special Miller is in the entertainment field.
|
||
Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us. "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more." Running is a good way of exercise because it helps to build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love to eat." She says. She runs to lose _ Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor." says one man. Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running. .The writer mainly tells us _ .
|
[
"how to run",
"how to lose weight",
"runningis a good way to keep healthy",
"running is better than doctors"
] | 2C
|
Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us. "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more." Running is a good way of exercise because it helps to build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love to eat." She says. She runs to lose _ Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor." says one man. Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running. .The writer mainly tells us _ .
A. how to run
B. how to lose weight
C. runningis a good way to keep healthy
D. running is better than doctors
|
C. runningis a good way to keep healthy
|
Retrieved:
included building the research base, establishing best practices and community models, supporting leadership efforts and connecting multi - sectoral professionals. the overarching goal was to develop an understanding of how the built environment impacted physical activity and what could be done to increase physical activity. = = benefits = = there are many health related benefits to being physically active and living an active life. active living can help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve overall health and well - being, reduce stress levels, minimize health related medical costs, help maintain a healthy weight, assist in proper balance and posture and the maintenance of healthy bones and strong muscles. active living can also improve sleeping patterns and aid in the prevention of risk factors for heart disease such as blood cholesterol levels, diabetes and hypertension. running can reduce the level of mortality from many diseases by 27 %. = = types of physical activity = = there are four types of physical exercises that medical professionals recommend in order to improve and maintain physical abilities : endurance, flexibility, balance, and strength activities. endurance activities increase your heart rate and strengthen your heart and lungs. examples include dancing, skating, climbing stairs, cycling, swimming and brisk walking. flexibility activities improve your body's ability to move and assist in keeping your muscles and joints relaxed. examples include yard work, vacuuming, golf, and stretching - when you wake up, before you exercise and after to prevent injury. balance activities reduce the risk of falling and focuses primarily on lower - body strength. examples include standing up after being seated, tai chi, and standing on a single foot. strength activities create and maintain muscle, while also keeping bones strong. examples include raking leaves, carrying groceries, climbing stairs, lifting free weights, and doing push - ups. endurance, flexibility, balance, and strength activities can be incorporated into daily routines and promote active living. for example, activities such as household chores and taking the stairs can fit into more than one of the above categories. = = recommendations = = in canada, the public health agency of canada supported the canadian society for exercise physiology ( csep ) to review the canada's physical activity guides, which were updated and replaced with the get active tip sheets. the get active tip sheets are broken down into 4 age categories ( 5 – 11, 12 – 17, 18 – 64, and 65 & older ). the get active tip sheets recommend that children aged 5 – 11 and youth aged 12 – 17 should participate in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day. the recommendation for adults
Original Instruction:
Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us. "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more." Running is a good way of exercise because it helps to build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love to eat." She says. She runs to lose _ Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor." says one man. Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running. .The writer mainly tells us _ .
A. how to run
B. how to lose weight
C. runningis a good way to keep healthy
D. running is better than doctors
|
||
Many people go to work each day to a job they hate.The harmful feelings influence their entire life,putting a negative cloud over the home, their friends and many of their other activities.There is a better way to live your 1ife.Meaningful purpose is a driving force that adds enthusiasm to your days.Here are a few steps to get the new career rolling: Do some self-analysis.Ask yourself--What really matters to me? What problem or wrong would I like to fix? What do I enjoy? Where are my interests and hobbies? What are my priorities? What is my secret passion? What do I want to do with the rest of my life? Reviewing these questions can give you new insight to where you want to go. Use your unique genius and talents.Every person is born with a unique set of natural abilities.Talents,such as managing,creating,researching,training others,drawing,can all seem like easy work because you have a natural ability for them.True happiness comes from combining your natural talents,developing and excelling in them,and working in a field,job,industry that you have a passionate interest in. Make a decision.Only action can change your life.Read a book.Take vocational tests.Use a good career--management professional.Do some career exploration and gather all the information you need.Then make a decision and go forward.Outline the action steps to reach your career goal.Finding meaning,passion and purpose every day you go to work is the wonderful reward, so don't wait any longer.Begin right now and set in motion to live a happier,more satisfying life. The purpose in writing this passage is to_.
|
[
"persuade people to work hard",
"show some wrong-doings at work",
"direct people to choose their career",
"deal with troubles people may meet at work"
] | 2C
|
Many people go to work each day to a job they hate.The harmful feelings influence their entire life,putting a negative cloud over the home, their friends and many of their other activities.There is a better way to live your 1ife.Meaningful purpose is a driving force that adds enthusiasm to your days.Here are a few steps to get the new career rolling: Do some self-analysis.Ask yourself--What really matters to me? What problem or wrong would I like to fix? What do I enjoy? Where are my interests and hobbies? What are my priorities? What is my secret passion? What do I want to do with the rest of my life? Reviewing these questions can give you new insight to where you want to go. Use your unique genius and talents.Every person is born with a unique set of natural abilities.Talents,such as managing,creating,researching,training others,drawing,can all seem like easy work because you have a natural ability for them.True happiness comes from combining your natural talents,developing and excelling in them,and working in a field,job,industry that you have a passionate interest in. Make a decision.Only action can change your life.Read a book.Take vocational tests.Use a good career--management professional.Do some career exploration and gather all the information you need.Then make a decision and go forward.Outline the action steps to reach your career goal.Finding meaning,passion and purpose every day you go to work is the wonderful reward, so don't wait any longer.Begin right now and set in motion to live a happier,more satisfying life. The purpose in writing this passage is to_.
A. persuade people to work hard
B. show some wrong-doings at work
C. direct people to choose their career
D. deal with troubles people may meet at work
|
C. direct people to choose their career
|
Retrieved:
the self - transforming brain refers to the ability of the self to consciously use mental activity to change / modify the brain's neural network in order to experience life with more happiness and fulfillment. this capacity of using awareness to do so is based on the assumption that the brain and the mind are closely connected, that one does not change without the other. the phrase " i think therefore i am " is not only a famous proclamation in the eyes of neuroscience. it has been evidenced that mental activities such as fleeting thoughts and feelings can create new neural structures in the brain and thus shape a person's reality. therefore, it is possible to make use of the brain's neuroplasticity to re - wire or change one's brain and life by consciously activating happy, tranquil and loving mental states. = = background : brain - evolution link = = the experience of happiness and well - being is a universal pursuit, but often a struggle to achieve. one explanation for this is that happiness is not the brain's default and normal state of mind, whereas the evolutionary psychologists claim that suffering is. suffering in the form of everyday stress, hurt, anger, loneliness, worry and disappointment experienced by the layperson is thought to be the side effect of strategies that helped human ancestors survive and pass on their genes throughout evolution. in this manner, the neural networks in the human brain have evolved to create pain and suffering when the evolutionary instincts cannot keep up with the outside world. this happens, for example, when the brain attempts to separate the body and the self from a world where everything is connected. consequently, the weaknesses of an individual's body become personal weaknesses, and the individual suffers as a result of negative self - image, illness and aging. another survival strategy embedded in the neural networks of the brain is the tendency to approach pleasure and avoid pain, which is why humans suffer when they experience mental states with a negative feeling tone. = = bias = = due to the strong impact of evolution on the human brain, what the modern man is left with is a negativity bias, which colours the manner in which humans perceive and interpret events within the environment. this bias is the reason for why the mind in particular, scans for, remembers and reacts to unpleasant experiences and why emotions such as worry, anxiety and fear of anticipated negative outcomes often follows. however, the negativity bias does not correspond with reality, as humans are most often not in danger. even so, the brain simulates worst - case scenarios and creates additional worry
Original Instruction:
Many people go to work each day to a job they hate.The harmful feelings influence their entire life,putting a negative cloud over the home, their friends and many of their other activities.There is a better way to live your 1ife.Meaningful purpose is a driving force that adds enthusiasm to your days.Here are a few steps to get the new career rolling: Do some self-analysis.Ask yourself--What really matters to me? What problem or wrong would I like to fix? What do I enjoy? Where are my interests and hobbies? What are my priorities? What is my secret passion? What do I want to do with the rest of my life? Reviewing these questions can give you new insight to where you want to go. Use your unique genius and talents.Every person is born with a unique set of natural abilities.Talents,such as managing,creating,researching,training others,drawing,can all seem like easy work because you have a natural ability for them.True happiness comes from combining your natural talents,developing and excelling in them,and working in a field,job,industry that you have a passionate interest in. Make a decision.Only action can change your life.Read a book.Take vocational tests.Use a good career--management professional.Do some career exploration and gather all the information you need.Then make a decision and go forward.Outline the action steps to reach your career goal.Finding meaning,passion and purpose every day you go to work is the wonderful reward, so don't wait any longer.Begin right now and set in motion to live a happier,more satisfying life. The purpose in writing this passage is to_.
A. persuade people to work hard
B. show some wrong-doings at work
C. direct people to choose their career
D. deal with troubles people may meet at work
|
||
Many science fiction stories tell about explorers arriving in a new world. The explorers then use some kind of high-tech device to test for breathable air or signs of life. But here on Earth, science fiction is becoming reality through a new sampling technology called environmental DNA, or e-DNA for short. Scientists can use it to identify rare or invasive species, study bio-diversity or estimate fish populations with just a little air or water. Ryan Kelly is an ecologist at the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington in Seattle. He works in a laboratory there with other researchers. They study the genetic material released by living creatures. "Essentially we can take a sample of soil or air -- and in our case -- water, and we can sequence(to arrange the order of genes)the DNA out of it and tell you what is there." Ryan Kelly says he and his research team are studying water samples collected from Puget Sound. He says the cost of gene sequencing has "been reduced greatly in recent years." That makes DNA testing more widely available. Environmental DNA can be used in two ways. One is to identify the creatures that live in a certain place. The other is to confirm the presence or lack of a specific creature. Caren Goldberg heads the new e-DNA lab at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. She is one of the first biologists in the northwestern United States to take the technology from the testing phase to actually using it. "It is extremely useful for species that are really hard to find. I have spent many hours looking for species that I was pretty sure were there -- looking under rocks, looking in water, doing all kinds of surveys." Caren Goldberg sees e-DNA as a way to get answers more efficiently, safely and with less destruction compared to traditional survey techniques. Until recently, scientists depended on diving deep, netting or using an electric current to temporarily catch fish. "We're absolutely at this point where proof-of-concept has been established. I don't think everyone necessarily is ready for it yet, but I think the majority of people are." This newer way to identify what lives in the environment is becoming popular around the world. Animal experts in Vietnam are using the e-DNA to find the last, wild Yangtze giant softshell turtles. One researcher on the Caribbean island of Trinidad is using the sampling technology to find endangered golden tree-frogs. And in Madagascar, it is being used to identify amphibian diseases. Ms. Goldberg has used e-DNA testing to confirm the local extinction, disappearance, of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. She has also been asked to document the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail in the state of Washington. The creature has been found in lakes and other waterways across the state. Now, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management wants Caren Goldberg to look for the Columbia spotted frog in two other western states. The rare amphibian is a candidate for the federal government's threatened species list. Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field work could soon be more targeted. A related research goal is to show how long environmental DNA can last and how far it can travel in different environments. The passage can be sorted as a(n) _ .
|
[
"science fiction",
"experiment report",
"science report",
"bio-diversity discovery"
] | 2C
|
Many science fiction stories tell about explorers arriving in a new world. The explorers then use some kind of high-tech device to test for breathable air or signs of life. But here on Earth, science fiction is becoming reality through a new sampling technology called environmental DNA, or e-DNA for short. Scientists can use it to identify rare or invasive species, study bio-diversity or estimate fish populations with just a little air or water. Ryan Kelly is an ecologist at the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington in Seattle. He works in a laboratory there with other researchers. They study the genetic material released by living creatures. "Essentially we can take a sample of soil or air -- and in our case -- water, and we can sequence(to arrange the order of genes)the DNA out of it and tell you what is there." Ryan Kelly says he and his research team are studying water samples collected from Puget Sound. He says the cost of gene sequencing has "been reduced greatly in recent years." That makes DNA testing more widely available. Environmental DNA can be used in two ways. One is to identify the creatures that live in a certain place. The other is to confirm the presence or lack of a specific creature. Caren Goldberg heads the new e-DNA lab at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. She is one of the first biologists in the northwestern United States to take the technology from the testing phase to actually using it. "It is extremely useful for species that are really hard to find. I have spent many hours looking for species that I was pretty sure were there -- looking under rocks, looking in water, doing all kinds of surveys." Caren Goldberg sees e-DNA as a way to get answers more efficiently, safely and with less destruction compared to traditional survey techniques. Until recently, scientists depended on diving deep, netting or using an electric current to temporarily catch fish. "We're absolutely at this point where proof-of-concept has been established. I don't think everyone necessarily is ready for it yet, but I think the majority of people are." This newer way to identify what lives in the environment is becoming popular around the world. Animal experts in Vietnam are using the e-DNA to find the last, wild Yangtze giant softshell turtles. One researcher on the Caribbean island of Trinidad is using the sampling technology to find endangered golden tree-frogs. And in Madagascar, it is being used to identify amphibian diseases. Ms. Goldberg has used e-DNA testing to confirm the local extinction, disappearance, of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. She has also been asked to document the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail in the state of Washington. The creature has been found in lakes and other waterways across the state. Now, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management wants Caren Goldberg to look for the Columbia spotted frog in two other western states. The rare amphibian is a candidate for the federal government's threatened species list. Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field work could soon be more targeted. A related research goal is to show how long environmental DNA can last and how far it can travel in different environments. The passage can be sorted as a(n) _ .
A. science fiction
B. experiment report
C. science report
D. bio-diversity discovery
|
C. science report
|
Retrieved:
dna barcoding methods for fish are used to identify groups of fish based on dna sequences within selected regions of a genome. these methods can be used to study fish, as genetic material, in the form of environmental dna ( edna ) or cells, is freely diffused in the water. this allows researchers to identify which species are present in a body of water by collecting a water sample, extracting dna from the sample and isolating dna sequences that are specific for the species of interest. barcoding methods can also be used for biomonitoring and food safety validation, animal diet assessment, assessment of food webs and species distribution, and for detection of invasive species. in fish research, barcoding can be used as an alternative to traditional sampling methods. barcoding methods can often provide information without damage to the studied animal. aquatic environments have unique properties that affect how genetic material from organisms is distributed. dna material diffuses rapidly in aquatic environments, which makes it possible to detect organisms from a large area when sampling a specific spot. due to rapid degradation of dna in aquatic environments, detected species represent contemporary presence, without confounding signals from the past. dna - based identification is fast, reliable and accurate in its characterization across life stages and species. reference libraries are used to connect barcode sequences to single species and can be used to identify the species present in dna samples. libraries of reference sequences are also useful in identifying species in cases of morphological ambiguity, such as with larval stages. edna samples and barcoding methods are used in water management, as species composition can be used as an indicator of ecosystem health. barcoding and metabarcoding methods are particularly useful in studying endangered or elusive fish, as species can be detected without catching or harming the animals. = = applications = = = = = ecological monitoring = = = biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems is required by national and international legislation ( e. g. the water framework directive and the marine strategy framework directive ). traditional methods are time - consuming and include destructive practices that can harm individuals of rare or protected species. dna barcoding is a relatively cost - effective and quick method for identifying fish species aquatic environments. presence or absence of key fish species can be established using edna from water samples and spatio - temporal distribution of fish species ( e. g. timing and location of spawning ) can be studied. this can help discover e. g. impacts of physical barriers such as dam construction and other human disturbances. dna tools are also used in
Original Instruction:
Many science fiction stories tell about explorers arriving in a new world. The explorers then use some kind of high-tech device to test for breathable air or signs of life. But here on Earth, science fiction is becoming reality through a new sampling technology called environmental DNA, or e-DNA for short. Scientists can use it to identify rare or invasive species, study bio-diversity or estimate fish populations with just a little air or water. Ryan Kelly is an ecologist at the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington in Seattle. He works in a laboratory there with other researchers. They study the genetic material released by living creatures. "Essentially we can take a sample of soil or air -- and in our case -- water, and we can sequence(to arrange the order of genes)the DNA out of it and tell you what is there." Ryan Kelly says he and his research team are studying water samples collected from Puget Sound. He says the cost of gene sequencing has "been reduced greatly in recent years." That makes DNA testing more widely available. Environmental DNA can be used in two ways. One is to identify the creatures that live in a certain place. The other is to confirm the presence or lack of a specific creature. Caren Goldberg heads the new e-DNA lab at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. She is one of the first biologists in the northwestern United States to take the technology from the testing phase to actually using it. "It is extremely useful for species that are really hard to find. I have spent many hours looking for species that I was pretty sure were there -- looking under rocks, looking in water, doing all kinds of surveys." Caren Goldberg sees e-DNA as a way to get answers more efficiently, safely and with less destruction compared to traditional survey techniques. Until recently, scientists depended on diving deep, netting or using an electric current to temporarily catch fish. "We're absolutely at this point where proof-of-concept has been established. I don't think everyone necessarily is ready for it yet, but I think the majority of people are." This newer way to identify what lives in the environment is becoming popular around the world. Animal experts in Vietnam are using the e-DNA to find the last, wild Yangtze giant softshell turtles. One researcher on the Caribbean island of Trinidad is using the sampling technology to find endangered golden tree-frogs. And in Madagascar, it is being used to identify amphibian diseases. Ms. Goldberg has used e-DNA testing to confirm the local extinction, disappearance, of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. She has also been asked to document the spread of the New Zealand mud-snail in the state of Washington. The creature has been found in lakes and other waterways across the state. Now, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management wants Caren Goldberg to look for the Columbia spotted frog in two other western states. The rare amphibian is a candidate for the federal government's threatened species list. Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field work could soon be more targeted. A related research goal is to show how long environmental DNA can last and how far it can travel in different environments. The passage can be sorted as a(n) _ .
A. science fiction
B. experiment report
C. science report
D. bio-diversity discovery
|
||
Jeff Keith has only one leg. When he was 12 years old, Jeff had cancer . Doctors had to cut off most of his right leg. Every day Jeff puts on an artificial leg . With the plastic artificial leg Jeff can ride a bicycle, swim, and play soccer. He can also run. Jeff made a plan with his friends who had plastic legs, too. They decided to run across America. When he was 22 years old, Jeff Keith ran across the United States from the east to the west. He started running in Boston. Seven months later, he stopped running in Los Angeles. He ran 3,200 miles. Jeff stopped in cities on the way to Los Angeles. In every city people gave Jeff money. The money was not for Jeff, but for the American Cancer Society. Jeff is _ , but he can do many things. He is studying to be a lawyer . Jeff says, "People can do anything they want to do. I want people to know that. I ran not only for disabled people. I ran for everybody." ,. It took Jeff _ to run from Boston to Los Angeles.
|
[
"about four and a half months",
"over two hundred days",
"almost twenty-five weeks",
"less than half a year"
] | 1B
|
Jeff Keith has only one leg. When he was 12 years old, Jeff had cancer . Doctors had to cut off most of his right leg. Every day Jeff puts on an artificial leg . With the plastic artificial leg Jeff can ride a bicycle, swim, and play soccer. He can also run. Jeff made a plan with his friends who had plastic legs, too. They decided to run across America. When he was 22 years old, Jeff Keith ran across the United States from the east to the west. He started running in Boston. Seven months later, he stopped running in Los Angeles. He ran 3,200 miles. Jeff stopped in cities on the way to Los Angeles. In every city people gave Jeff money. The money was not for Jeff, but for the American Cancer Society. Jeff is _ , but he can do many things. He is studying to be a lawyer . Jeff says, "People can do anything they want to do. I want people to know that. I ran not only for disabled people. I ran for everybody." ,. It took Jeff _ to run from Boston to Los Angeles.
A. about four and a half months
B. over two hundred days
C. almost twenty-five weeks
D. less than half a year
|
B. over two hundred days
|
Retrieved:
the wait / walk dilemma occurs when waiting for a bus at a bus stop, when the duration of the wait may exceed the time needed to arrive at a destination by another means, especially walking. some work on this problem was featured in the 2008 " year in ideas " issue of the new york times magazine. = = research = = the dilemma has been studied in an unpublished report entitled " walk versus wait : the lazy mathematician wins. " anthony b. morton's paper " a note on walking versus waiting " supports and extends chen et al.'s results. ramnik arora's " a note on walk versus wait : lazy mathematician wins " discusses what he believes to be some of the errors in chen et al.'s argument ; the result of chen et al.'s paper still holds following arora's alleged corrections. as early as 1990, writer tom parker had observed that " walking is faster than waiting for a bus if you're going less than a mile ". as an undergraduate mathematics major at harvard, scott d. kominers first began fixating on the problem while walking from mit to harvard, which are more than a mile apart in cambridge, massachusetts along mbta bus route 1. he enlisted the help of caltech physics major justin g. chen and harvard statistics major robert w. sinnott to perform the analysis. their paper concludes that it is usually mathematically quicker to wait for the bus, at least for a little while. but once made, the decision to walk should be final instead of waiting again at subsequent stops. the paper also showed potential applications to the field of cryptography. = = interstellar travel = = the corresponding problem in interstellar travel is called the wait calculation, which tries to determine the optimal time to wait for technological progress to improve spaceship speeds before committing to the journey. = = see also = = bus bunching rendezvous problem = = references = = = = external links = = " walk versus wait : the lazy mathematician wins " ( pdf ) " a note on walking versus waiting " ( pdf ) " a note on walk versus wait : lazy mathematician wins " ( pdf ) scott kominers's homepage robert sinnott's homepage
Original Instruction:
Jeff Keith has only one leg. When he was 12 years old, Jeff had cancer . Doctors had to cut off most of his right leg. Every day Jeff puts on an artificial leg . With the plastic artificial leg Jeff can ride a bicycle, swim, and play soccer. He can also run. Jeff made a plan with his friends who had plastic legs, too. They decided to run across America. When he was 22 years old, Jeff Keith ran across the United States from the east to the west. He started running in Boston. Seven months later, he stopped running in Los Angeles. He ran 3,200 miles. Jeff stopped in cities on the way to Los Angeles. In every city people gave Jeff money. The money was not for Jeff, but for the American Cancer Society. Jeff is _ , but he can do many things. He is studying to be a lawyer . Jeff says, "People can do anything they want to do. I want people to know that. I ran not only for disabled people. I ran for everybody." ,. It took Jeff _ to run from Boston to Los Angeles.
A. about four and a half months
B. over two hundred days
C. almost twenty-five weeks
D. less than half a year
|
||
With the crazy smog going on in China, businessmen are now ready to grope for your wallet. "Smog economy" is stimulating a shopping _ on certain products against the terrible weather. Now let's see what we have on the list to help us through the crisis. 1. Masks Well, I would say you had better stay indoors to save your lives. PM 2.5 just surged up to 750 in Beijing recently. 3M just sold 220,000 masks of a kind. No.1 best-selling products! 2. Air purifiers This kind of products is rarely seen in Chinese households in the past. They have become a necessity now. I do like these little gadgets, but they are just too expensive. 3. Oxygen inhalers I didn't realize oxygen inhalers also get a cut in the smog economy. As a matter of fact, your oxygen uptake has nothing to with relieving the impact of smog. It might even lead to oxygen poisoning when you inhale too much oxygen. So don't get greedy. 4. Salt lamps Compared to oxygen inhalers, salt lamps are even worse. Some stores are selling the products at several hundred yuan, saying that they can release negative ions , reduce radiation levels and purify the air. The lamps mainly contain sodium chloride. The boiling point of sodium is about 800 degrees centigrade and that of candle is 500. So how on earth can negative ions be released at only 500 degrees? 5. Plants that absorb smog Yeah, right. Plants Vs Smog. It is scientifically justified that some plants do absorb pollutants from the air. Money plants and calla lilies are among the best-sellers in the market. Even if they don't work, it's good to have some plants in the house anyway. Salt lamps are useless, because _ .
|
[
"it may cause poisoning",
"it actually can't release the negative ions",
"it reduces radiation level and makes the air dirty",
"the prize is very high"
] | 1B
|
With the crazy smog going on in China, businessmen are now ready to grope for your wallet. "Smog economy" is stimulating a shopping _ on certain products against the terrible weather. Now let's see what we have on the list to help us through the crisis. 1. Masks Well, I would say you had better stay indoors to save your lives. PM 2.5 just surged up to 750 in Beijing recently. 3M just sold 220,000 masks of a kind. No.1 best-selling products! 2. Air purifiers This kind of products is rarely seen in Chinese households in the past. They have become a necessity now. I do like these little gadgets, but they are just too expensive. 3. Oxygen inhalers I didn't realize oxygen inhalers also get a cut in the smog economy. As a matter of fact, your oxygen uptake has nothing to with relieving the impact of smog. It might even lead to oxygen poisoning when you inhale too much oxygen. So don't get greedy. 4. Salt lamps Compared to oxygen inhalers, salt lamps are even worse. Some stores are selling the products at several hundred yuan, saying that they can release negative ions , reduce radiation levels and purify the air. The lamps mainly contain sodium chloride. The boiling point of sodium is about 800 degrees centigrade and that of candle is 500. So how on earth can negative ions be released at only 500 degrees? 5. Plants that absorb smog Yeah, right. Plants Vs Smog. It is scientifically justified that some plants do absorb pollutants from the air. Money plants and calla lilies are among the best-sellers in the market. Even if they don't work, it's good to have some plants in the house anyway. Salt lamps are useless, because _ .
A. it may cause poisoning
B. it actually can't release the negative ions
C. it reduces radiation level and makes the air dirty
D. the prize is very high
|
B. it actually can't release the negative ions
|
Retrieved:
- burning power plant at tianjin, called " greengen ". = = country by country experiences = = local pollution standards include gb13223 - 2011 ( china ), india, the industrial emissions directive ( eu ) and the clean air act ( united states ). = = = china = = = since 2006, china releases more co2 than any other country. researchers in china are focusing on increasing efficiency of burning coal so they can get more power out of less coal. it is estimated that new high efficiency power plants could reduce co2 emission by 7 % because they won't have to burn as much coal to get the same amount of power. as of 2019 costs of retrofitting ccs are unclear and the economics depends partly on how the chinese national carbon trading scheme progresses. = = = india = = = pollution led to more than 2. 3 million premature deaths in india in 2019, according to a new lancet study. nearly 1. 6 million deaths were due to air pollution alone, and more than 500, 000 were caused by water pollution. india has developed instruments and regulatory powers to mitigate pollution sources but there is no centralized system to drive pollution control efforts and achieve substantial improvements, " the study said adding that in 93 % of the country, the amount of pollution remains well above the world health organization ( who ) guidelines. = = = canada = = = in 2014 saskpower a provincial - owned electric utility finished renovations on boundary dam's boiler number 3 making it the world's first post - combustion carbon capture storage facility. the renovation project ended up costing a little over $ 1. 2 billion and can scrub out co2 and toxins from up to 90 percent of the flue gas that it emits. = = = japan = = = following the catastrophic failure of the fukushima i nuclear power plant in japan that resulted from the 2011 tohoku earthquake and tsunami, and the subsequent widespread public opposition against nuclear power, high energy, lower emission ( hele ) coal power plants were increasingly favored by the shinzo abe - led government to recoup lost energy capacity from the partial shutdown of nuclear power plants in japan and to replace aging coal and oil - fired power plants, while meeting 2030 emission targets of the paris agreement. 45 hele power plants have been planned, purportedly to employ integrated gasification fuel cell cycle, a further development of integrated gasification combined cycle. japan had adopted prior pilot projects on igcc coal power plants in the early - 1990s and late - 2000s
Original Instruction:
With the crazy smog going on in China, businessmen are now ready to grope for your wallet. "Smog economy" is stimulating a shopping _ on certain products against the terrible weather. Now let's see what we have on the list to help us through the crisis. 1. Masks Well, I would say you had better stay indoors to save your lives. PM 2.5 just surged up to 750 in Beijing recently. 3M just sold 220,000 masks of a kind. No.1 best-selling products! 2. Air purifiers This kind of products is rarely seen in Chinese households in the past. They have become a necessity now. I do like these little gadgets, but they are just too expensive. 3. Oxygen inhalers I didn't realize oxygen inhalers also get a cut in the smog economy. As a matter of fact, your oxygen uptake has nothing to with relieving the impact of smog. It might even lead to oxygen poisoning when you inhale too much oxygen. So don't get greedy. 4. Salt lamps Compared to oxygen inhalers, salt lamps are even worse. Some stores are selling the products at several hundred yuan, saying that they can release negative ions , reduce radiation levels and purify the air. The lamps mainly contain sodium chloride. The boiling point of sodium is about 800 degrees centigrade and that of candle is 500. So how on earth can negative ions be released at only 500 degrees? 5. Plants that absorb smog Yeah, right. Plants Vs Smog. It is scientifically justified that some plants do absorb pollutants from the air. Money plants and calla lilies are among the best-sellers in the market. Even if they don't work, it's good to have some plants in the house anyway. Salt lamps are useless, because _ .
A. it may cause poisoning
B. it actually can't release the negative ions
C. it reduces radiation level and makes the air dirty
D. the prize is very high
|
||
The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to _ the needs of the homeless population in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home. According to the Coalition's studies, of over two hundred million people living in the United States, up to three million are homeless--and the number is still growing. Since the late 1970s, fast-rising house prices, large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession have make it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes. According to another research, families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, making up 39% of it. The old idea of a homeless person, that of the single man who gets drunk all the time, is no longer true. A much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it impossible to find a job, since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application. The word " address" in the first line probably means " _ ".
|
[
"talk about",
"write to",
"fight for",
"deal with"
] | 3D
|
The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to _ the needs of the homeless population in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home. According to the Coalition's studies, of over two hundred million people living in the United States, up to three million are homeless--and the number is still growing. Since the late 1970s, fast-rising house prices, large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession have make it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes. According to another research, families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, making up 39% of it. The old idea of a homeless person, that of the single man who gets drunk all the time, is no longer true. A much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it impossible to find a job, since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application. The word " address" in the first line probably means " _ ".
A. talk about
B. write to
C. fight for
D. deal with
|
D. deal with
|
Retrieved:
supply at the high end of the market drove down prices everywhere else, leading to material benefits for people across all income groups. competition between real estate developers can affect timing of real estate development and real options valuation. improved price elasticity of new housing supply reduces the typical increases of local rents and house prices due to immigration. immigration affects demand and supply of housing. as housing and rent are among the most substantial expenditures in peoples'lives, abundant housing supply would contribute to lowering inflation. = = = affordability and homelessness = = = the change in rent is inversely proportional to vacancy rates in a city, which are related to the demand for housing and the rate of construction. homelessness rates are correlated with higher rents, especially in areas where rent exceeds 30 % of an area's median income. homelessness is driven by a number of causes, but it is more difficult to address homelessness in areas that suffer from a shortage of housing. a 2023 survey of homeless individuals in california found that among typical causes of homelessness, many people were driven into homelessness due to high rents and low incomes which could not cover the cost of rent. yimby proponents would seek to lower rents by expanding the supply of housing. california's high housing prices are directly tied to a lack of housing supply. = = regional movements = = = = = canada = = = in toronto, a self - styled yimby movement was established in 2006 by community members in response to significant development proposals in the west queen west area, and a yimby festival, launched the same year, has been held annually since. the festival's organizer stated that " yimbyism is a community mindset that's open to change and development. " an advocacy group called housingnowto fights to maximize the number of homes when the government builds housing. another group, more neighbours toronto ( mnto ), advocates for policy changes to increase the housing supply. in vancouver, abundant housing vancouver was formed in 2016 to support more housing. in ottawa, make housing affordable was formed in 2021 to advocate for yimby policies. = = = slovakia = = = in 2014, the blog yimby bratislava was created as a response to rising aversion to development in bratislava, the capital of slovakia. the blog informs about development in the city, promotes it, but also criticizes it. in 2018 it was renamed to yim. ba — yes in my bratislava. it is a private blog of one author with the fan group of its readers and
Original Instruction:
The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to _ the needs of the homeless population in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home. According to the Coalition's studies, of over two hundred million people living in the United States, up to three million are homeless--and the number is still growing. Since the late 1970s, fast-rising house prices, large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession have make it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes. According to another research, families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, making up 39% of it. The old idea of a homeless person, that of the single man who gets drunk all the time, is no longer true. A much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it impossible to find a job, since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application. The word " address" in the first line probably means " _ ".
A. talk about
B. write to
C. fight for
D. deal with
|
||
Work is a part of living --my grandparents understood that. They lived and worked on a farm that has been in my family for 150 years. They raised chickens for eggs , pigs and cattle for meat . Cows were kept for milk and the cream, from which Grandma made butter and cheese. What little yard they had became a garden. The Depression, therefore, didn't make much change in their lives. But it did bring an unending flow of men out of work, drifting from job to job, to the farm. The first to show up at the door of the kitchen was a man in rags. He took off his hat and quietly explained that he hadn't eaten for a while. Grandpa stood watching him a bit , then said , "There's a stack of firewood against the fence behind the barn . I've been needing to get it moved to the other side of the fence . You have just about enough time to finish the job before lunch ." Grandma said a surprising thing happened. The man got a shine in his eyes and he hurried to the barn at once. She set another place at the table and made an apple pie. During lunch, the stranger didn't say much, but when he left, his shoulders had straightened. "Nothing ruins a man like losing his self-respect," Grandpa later told me. Soon after, another man showed up asking for a meal. This one was dressed in a suit and carried a small old suitcase. Grandpa came out when he heard voices. He looked at the man and then offered a handshake." There is a stack of firewood along the fence down behind the barn I've been meaning to get it moved. It'd sure be a help to me . And we'd be pleased to have you stay for lunch." The fellow set his suitcase aside and neatly laid his coat on top. Then he set off to work. Grandma says she doesn't remember how many strangers they shared a meal with during those Depression days-or how many times that stack of wood got moved. When he was asked to move a stack of firewood, the first man who asked for a meal got a shine in his eyes for he was glad that _ .
|
[
"he had found a good job",
"he would have something to eat",
"he would no longer suffer from the Depression",
"he would get what he wanted without losing his self-respect"
] | 3D
|
Work is a part of living --my grandparents understood that. They lived and worked on a farm that has been in my family for 150 years. They raised chickens for eggs , pigs and cattle for meat . Cows were kept for milk and the cream, from which Grandma made butter and cheese. What little yard they had became a garden. The Depression, therefore, didn't make much change in their lives. But it did bring an unending flow of men out of work, drifting from job to job, to the farm. The first to show up at the door of the kitchen was a man in rags. He took off his hat and quietly explained that he hadn't eaten for a while. Grandpa stood watching him a bit , then said , "There's a stack of firewood against the fence behind the barn . I've been needing to get it moved to the other side of the fence . You have just about enough time to finish the job before lunch ." Grandma said a surprising thing happened. The man got a shine in his eyes and he hurried to the barn at once. She set another place at the table and made an apple pie. During lunch, the stranger didn't say much, but when he left, his shoulders had straightened. "Nothing ruins a man like losing his self-respect," Grandpa later told me. Soon after, another man showed up asking for a meal. This one was dressed in a suit and carried a small old suitcase. Grandpa came out when he heard voices. He looked at the man and then offered a handshake." There is a stack of firewood along the fence down behind the barn I've been meaning to get it moved. It'd sure be a help to me . And we'd be pleased to have you stay for lunch." The fellow set his suitcase aside and neatly laid his coat on top. Then he set off to work. Grandma says she doesn't remember how many strangers they shared a meal with during those Depression days-or how many times that stack of wood got moved. When he was asked to move a stack of firewood, the first man who asked for a meal got a shine in his eyes for he was glad that _ .
A. he had found a good job
B. he would have something to eat
C. he would no longer suffer from the Depression
D. he would get what he wanted without losing his self-respect
|
D. he would get what he wanted without losing his self-respect
|
Retrieved:
only consume a limited amount. this means that excess food production must overflow to other people, and will not be rationally hoarded. the non - agricultural sector is therefore limited by the agricultural sector equaling the output of food subtracting the amount consumed by the agricultural sector. william petty used a broad definition of necessities, leading him to focus on employment issues surrounding surplus. petty explains a hypothetical example in which there is a territory of 1000 men and 100 of those men are capable of producing enough food for all 1000 men. the question becomes, what will the rest of the men do if only 100 are needed to provide necessities? he thereby suggests a variety of employments with some remaining unemployed. david hume approached the agricultural surplus concept from another direction. hume recognized that agriculture may feed more than those who cultivate it, but questioned why farmers would work to produce more than they need. forceful production, which may occur under a feudal system, would be unlikely to generate a notable surplus in his opinion. yet, if they could purchase luxuries and other goods beyond their necessities, they would become incentivized to produce and sell a surplus. hume did not see this concept as abstract theory, he stated it as a fact when discussing how england developed after the introduction of foreign luxuries in his history of england. adam smith's thoughts on surplus drew on hume. smith noted that the desire for luxuries is infinite compared to the finite capacity of hunger. smith saw the development in europe as originating from landlords placing more importance on luxury spending rather than political power. = = consumer surplus = = consumer surplus is the difference between the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay and the actual price they do pay. if a consumer is willing to pay more for a unit of a good than the current asking price, they are getting more benefit from the purchased product than they would if the price was their maximum willingness to pay. they are receiving the same benefit, the obtainment of the good, at a lesser cost. an example of a good with generally high consumer surplus is drinking water. people would pay very high prices for drinking water, as they need it to survive. the difference in the price that they would pay, if they had to, and the amount that they pay now is their consumer surplus. the utility of the first few liters of drinking water is very high ( as it prevents death ), so the first few liters would likely have more consumer surplus than subsequent quantities. the maximum amount
Original Instruction:
Work is a part of living --my grandparents understood that. They lived and worked on a farm that has been in my family for 150 years. They raised chickens for eggs , pigs and cattle for meat . Cows were kept for milk and the cream, from which Grandma made butter and cheese. What little yard they had became a garden. The Depression, therefore, didn't make much change in their lives. But it did bring an unending flow of men out of work, drifting from job to job, to the farm. The first to show up at the door of the kitchen was a man in rags. He took off his hat and quietly explained that he hadn't eaten for a while. Grandpa stood watching him a bit , then said , "There's a stack of firewood against the fence behind the barn . I've been needing to get it moved to the other side of the fence . You have just about enough time to finish the job before lunch ." Grandma said a surprising thing happened. The man got a shine in his eyes and he hurried to the barn at once. She set another place at the table and made an apple pie. During lunch, the stranger didn't say much, but when he left, his shoulders had straightened. "Nothing ruins a man like losing his self-respect," Grandpa later told me. Soon after, another man showed up asking for a meal. This one was dressed in a suit and carried a small old suitcase. Grandpa came out when he heard voices. He looked at the man and then offered a handshake." There is a stack of firewood along the fence down behind the barn I've been meaning to get it moved. It'd sure be a help to me . And we'd be pleased to have you stay for lunch." The fellow set his suitcase aside and neatly laid his coat on top. Then he set off to work. Grandma says she doesn't remember how many strangers they shared a meal with during those Depression days-or how many times that stack of wood got moved. When he was asked to move a stack of firewood, the first man who asked for a meal got a shine in his eyes for he was glad that _ .
A. he had found a good job
B. he would have something to eat
C. he would no longer suffer from the Depression
D. he would get what he wanted without losing his self-respect
|
||
Bill, Frank and Dave were three brothers. Every year they sent their mother expensive gifts on her birthday,. They liked to show her how rich they were. The eldest brother. Bill, had a lot of money and he wanted his mother to have the most expensive gifts, but he didn't know what to buy. So he put an ad in the newspaper. "Wanted-the greatest gift for my mother." About a week before his mother's birthday a man came to his office. He brought a big bird. "This bird." the man said, "can speak ten languages and sing some pop songs." "Really? I'd like to listen to it," Bill said. The man made the bird talk in French and tell a joke in Japanese. Then the bird sang a beautiful song. Bill was very happy and paid nine thousand dollars for the bird. The next day Bill sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card. The day after his mother's birthday he called his mother. "Well, mother" he asked, "What do you think of the bird?" "Oh, it's very delicious, dear." said his mother. How many languages could the bird speak?
|
[
"Five",
"Seven",
"Fight",
"Ten"
] | 3D
|
Bill, Frank and Dave were three brothers. Every year they sent their mother expensive gifts on her birthday,. They liked to show her how rich they were. The eldest brother. Bill, had a lot of money and he wanted his mother to have the most expensive gifts, but he didn't know what to buy. So he put an ad in the newspaper. "Wanted-the greatest gift for my mother." About a week before his mother's birthday a man came to his office. He brought a big bird. "This bird." the man said, "can speak ten languages and sing some pop songs." "Really? I'd like to listen to it," Bill said. The man made the bird talk in French and tell a joke in Japanese. Then the bird sang a beautiful song. Bill was very happy and paid nine thousand dollars for the bird. The next day Bill sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card. The day after his mother's birthday he called his mother. "Well, mother" he asked, "What do you think of the bird?" "Oh, it's very delicious, dear." said his mother. How many languages could the bird speak?
A. Five
B. Seven
C. Fight
D. Ten
|
D. Ten
|
Retrieved:
see also = = theory of humor world's funniest joke # other findings = = further reading = = " computational humor ", by binsted, k. ; nijholt, a. ; stock, o. ; strapparava, c. ; ritchie, g. ; manurung, r. ; pain, h. ; waller, a. ; oapos ; mara, d., ieee intelligent systems volume 21, issue 2, 2006, pp. 59 – 69 doi : 10. 1109 / mis. 2006. 22 o. stock, c. strapparava & a. nijholt ( eds. ) " the april fools'day workshop on computational humour. " proc. twente workshop on language technology 20 ( twlt20 ), issn 0929 - 0672, itc - irst, trento, italy, april 2002, 146 pp = = references = =
Original Instruction:
Bill, Frank and Dave were three brothers. Every year they sent their mother expensive gifts on her birthday,. They liked to show her how rich they were. The eldest brother. Bill, had a lot of money and he wanted his mother to have the most expensive gifts, but he didn't know what to buy. So he put an ad in the newspaper. "Wanted-the greatest gift for my mother." About a week before his mother's birthday a man came to his office. He brought a big bird. "This bird." the man said, "can speak ten languages and sing some pop songs." "Really? I'd like to listen to it," Bill said. The man made the bird talk in French and tell a joke in Japanese. Then the bird sang a beautiful song. Bill was very happy and paid nine thousand dollars for the bird. The next day Bill sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card. The day after his mother's birthday he called his mother. "Well, mother" he asked, "What do you think of the bird?" "Oh, it's very delicious, dear." said his mother. How many languages could the bird speak?
A. Five
B. Seven
C. Fight
D. Ten
|
||
Miep Gies, the woman who hid the Dutch girl Anne Frank's diary from the Nazis to become one of the world's most-read books, died after a brief illness at the age of 100. It was Gies who guarded Anne's diary, and presented it to the girl's father, Otto, when he returned from the Auschwitz concentration camp at the end of World War II--the only one of his family to survive. In her diary, Anne Frank wrote about her teenage life hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam from 1942 to 1944, when the Nazi police discovered her and her family's hiding place. The diary, first published in 1947, has been translated into 70 languages. Anne Frank expressed a great wish to live on after death. Miep Gies saw it as her duty to help in making this happen. Born in Vienna in 1909, Gies moved to the Netherlands at the age of 11. In 1933, she began working for Otto Frank at his trading company. At great risk to her own safety, she and four other helpers brought food and supplies to the Frank family hiding in a secret office building for more than two years. When she turned 100, _ . "I'm not a hero," she said. " It wasn't something I planned in advance. I simply did what I could to help." Every day she received letters from all over the world with questions about her relationship with Anne Frank and her role as a helper. Gies received many honors for her role, including from the Netherlands, Germany and Israel. When did Miep Gies move to the Netherlands?
|
[
"In 1909.",
"In 1920.",
"In 1933.",
"In 1947."
] | 1B
|
Miep Gies, the woman who hid the Dutch girl Anne Frank's diary from the Nazis to become one of the world's most-read books, died after a brief illness at the age of 100. It was Gies who guarded Anne's diary, and presented it to the girl's father, Otto, when he returned from the Auschwitz concentration camp at the end of World War II--the only one of his family to survive. In her diary, Anne Frank wrote about her teenage life hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam from 1942 to 1944, when the Nazi police discovered her and her family's hiding place. The diary, first published in 1947, has been translated into 70 languages. Anne Frank expressed a great wish to live on after death. Miep Gies saw it as her duty to help in making this happen. Born in Vienna in 1909, Gies moved to the Netherlands at the age of 11. In 1933, she began working for Otto Frank at his trading company. At great risk to her own safety, she and four other helpers brought food and supplies to the Frank family hiding in a secret office building for more than two years. When she turned 100, _ . "I'm not a hero," she said. " It wasn't something I planned in advance. I simply did what I could to help." Every day she received letters from all over the world with questions about her relationship with Anne Frank and her role as a helper. Gies received many honors for her role, including from the Netherlands, Germany and Israel. When did Miep Gies move to the Netherlands?
A. In 1909.
B. In 1920.
C. In 1933.
D. In 1947.
|
B. In 1920.
|
Retrieved:
officials. when hitler received a report of many well - fed ukrainian children, he declared that the promotion of contraception and abortion was urgently needed, and neither medical care nor education was to be provided. = = = eastern workers = = = when young women from the east were recruited to work as nannies in germany, they were required to be suitable for germanisation, both because they would work with german children, and because they might be sexually exploited. the programme was praised for not only allowing more women to have children as their new domestic servants were able to assist them, but for reclaiming german blood and giving opportunities to the women, who would work in germany, and might marry there. = = = kidnapping of eastern european children = = = " racially acceptable " children were taken from their families in order to be brought up as germans. children were selected for " racially valuable traits " before being shipped to germany. many nazis were astounded at the number of polish children found to exhibit " nordic " traits, but assumed that all such children were genuinely german children, who had been polonised. hans frank exhibited such views when he declared, " when we see a blue - eyed child we are surprised that she is speaking polish. " the term used for them was wiedereindeutschungsfahig — meaning capable of being re - germanised. these might include the children of people executed for resisting germanisation. if attempts to germanise them failed, or they were determined to be unfit, they would be killed to eliminate their value to the opponents of the reich. in german - occupied poland, it is estimated that 50, 000 to 200, 000 children were removed from their families to be germanised. the kinder kz was founded specifically to hold such children. it is estimated that at least 10, 000 of them were murdered in the process as they were determined unfit and sent to concentration camps. only 10 – 15 % returned to their families after the war. many children, particularly polish and slovenian, declared on being found by allied forces that they were german. russian and ukrainian children had been taught to hate their native countries and did not want to return. = = = western germanisation = = = in contemporary german usage the process of germanisation was referred to as germanisierung ( germanicisation, i. e., to make something german - ic ) rather than eindeutschung ( germanisation, i. e., to make something german ). according to nazi racial theories
Original Instruction:
Miep Gies, the woman who hid the Dutch girl Anne Frank's diary from the Nazis to become one of the world's most-read books, died after a brief illness at the age of 100. It was Gies who guarded Anne's diary, and presented it to the girl's father, Otto, when he returned from the Auschwitz concentration camp at the end of World War II--the only one of his family to survive. In her diary, Anne Frank wrote about her teenage life hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam from 1942 to 1944, when the Nazi police discovered her and her family's hiding place. The diary, first published in 1947, has been translated into 70 languages. Anne Frank expressed a great wish to live on after death. Miep Gies saw it as her duty to help in making this happen. Born in Vienna in 1909, Gies moved to the Netherlands at the age of 11. In 1933, she began working for Otto Frank at his trading company. At great risk to her own safety, she and four other helpers brought food and supplies to the Frank family hiding in a secret office building for more than two years. When she turned 100, _ . "I'm not a hero," she said. " It wasn't something I planned in advance. I simply did what I could to help." Every day she received letters from all over the world with questions about her relationship with Anne Frank and her role as a helper. Gies received many honors for her role, including from the Netherlands, Germany and Israel. When did Miep Gies move to the Netherlands?
A. In 1909.
B. In 1920.
C. In 1933.
D. In 1947.
|
||
If you go to England, you may want to visit Big Ben. Big Ben is not the name of a man but a name of the clock in London. It has a long history of about 150 years. It is at the north end of the Palace of Westminster . The big clock has four faces. So you can read the face of the chock everywhere.The hands of it are about four meters long.When the new year comes, it _ to welcome the start of the new year. There are also many fireworks over the clock tower. The big clock makes a very loud sound "Ding dong.Ding dong"-the clock gives the sound every 15 minutes of an hour. What is Big Ben?
|
[
"A man",
"A tower",
"A clock",
"A plane"
] | 2C
|
If you go to England, you may want to visit Big Ben. Big Ben is not the name of a man but a name of the clock in London. It has a long history of about 150 years. It is at the north end of the Palace of Westminster . The big clock has four faces. So you can read the face of the chock everywhere.The hands of it are about four meters long.When the new year comes, it _ to welcome the start of the new year. There are also many fireworks over the clock tower. The big clock makes a very loud sound "Ding dong.Ding dong"-the clock gives the sound every 15 minutes of an hour. What is Big Ben?
A. A man
B. A tower
C. A clock
D. A plane
|
C. A clock
|
Retrieved:
city rhythm is a metaphor for the regular coming and going in cities, the repetitive activities, the sounds and smells that occur regularly in cities. the recognition of city rhythms is a useful metaphor, helping to understand modern city life. the concept of city rhythm makes it possible to understand the multitude of aspects of city life. traditional approaches to urban thinking focus on one such rhythm only, normally the dominant one. this leads to the omission of many aspects of city life. dominant rhythm is a metaphor used in conjunction with city rhythm. it is the most powerful rhythm in a city, enabling the shaping and forming of time and space, both within the city and in faraway places through networks. these dominant rhythms are not fixed and indeed change. religious rhythms were more dominant in the past, whereas at present economic rhythms prevail. = = references = = crang, m. a. ( 2001 ) rhythms of the city in thrift, n. and may, j. 2001 timespace. lefebvre, h. henri lefebvre ( 2004 ) rhythmanalysis – space, time and everyday life. continuum, london lynch, k. kevin lynch ( 1972 ) what time is this place? mit press cambridge, massachusetts parkes, d. n. ; thrift, n., carlstein, t. nigel thrift ( 1978 ) timing space and spacing time, volumes 1, 2 and 3. arnold publishers, london parkes, d. n. ; thrift, n. ( 1980 ) times, spaces and places – a chronogeographic perspective. john wiley & sons, chichester
Original Instruction:
If you go to England, you may want to visit Big Ben. Big Ben is not the name of a man but a name of the clock in London. It has a long history of about 150 years. It is at the north end of the Palace of Westminster . The big clock has four faces. So you can read the face of the chock everywhere.The hands of it are about four meters long.When the new year comes, it _ to welcome the start of the new year. There are also many fireworks over the clock tower. The big clock makes a very loud sound "Ding dong.Ding dong"-the clock gives the sound every 15 minutes of an hour. What is Big Ben?
A. A man
B. A tower
C. A clock
D. A plane
|
||
Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime "business hours" are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant . A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear. The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer; in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal limits, or whether it should become more "flexible," is often debated. How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other? These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we rarely recognize the "law of time" even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years--but unless we meet the truant officer , we may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents' demand rather than to the law. As adults we are familiar with "extra pay for overtime working," but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes "overtime" is a matter of legal definition. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight-saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves: "Here is the law in action"? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how we organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight-saving law -- as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess. What is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Our life is governed by the law of time.",
"How to organize time is not worth debating.",
"New ways of using time change our society.",
"Our time schedule is decided by social customs."
] | 0A
|
Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime "business hours" are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant . A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear. The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer; in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal limits, or whether it should become more "flexible," is often debated. How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other? These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we rarely recognize the "law of time" even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years--but unless we meet the truant officer , we may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents' demand rather than to the law. As adults we are familiar with "extra pay for overtime working," but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes "overtime" is a matter of legal definition. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight-saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves: "Here is the law in action"? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how we organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight-saving law -- as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Our life is governed by the law of time.
B. How to organize time is not worth debating.
C. New ways of using time change our society.
D. Our time schedule is decided by social customs.
|
A. Our life is governed by the law of time.
|
Retrieved:
right to paid annual leave. discrimination law has been tightened, with protection from discrimination now available on the grounds of age, religion or belief and sexual orientation as well as gender, race and disability. = = = united states = = = the fair labor standards act of 1938 set the maximum standard work week to 44 hours. in 1950 this was reduced to 40 hours. a green card entitles immigrants to work, without requirement a separate work permit. despite the 40 - hour standard maximum work week, some lines of work require more than 40 hours. for example, farm workers may work over 72 hours a week, followed by at least 24 hours off. exceptions to the break period exist for certain harvesting employees, such as those involved in harvesting grapes, tree fruits and cotton. professionals, clerical ( administrative assistants ), technical, and mechanical employees cannot be terminated for refusing to work more than 72 hours in a work week. these ceilings, combined with a competitive job market, often motivate american workers to work more hours. american workers on average take the fewest days off of any developed country. the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the united states constitution limit the power of the federal and state governments to discriminate. the private sector is not directly constrained by the constitution, but several laws, particularly the civil rights act of 1964, limit the private sector discrimination against certain groups. the fifth amendment has an explicit requirement that the federal government not deprive individuals of " life, liberty, or property ", without due process of law and an implicit guarantee that each person receive equal protection of the law. the fourteenth amendment explicitly prohibits states from violating an individual's rights of due process and equal protection. equal protection limits the state and federal governments'power to discriminate in their employment practices by treating employees, former employees, or job applicants unequally because of membership in a group, like a race, religion or sex. due process protection requires that employees have a fair procedural process before they are terminated if the termination is related to a " liberty ", like the right to free speech, or a property interest. the national labor relations act, enacted in 1935 as part of the new deal legislation, guarantees workers the right to form unions and engage in collective bargaining. the age discrimination in employment act of 1967 prohibits employment discrimination based on age with respect to employees 40 years of age or older. title vii of the civil rights act is the principal federal statute with regard to employment discrimination, prohibiting unlawful employment discrimination by public and private employers, labour organizations, training programmes
Original Instruction:
Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime "business hours" are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant . A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear. The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer; in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal limits, or whether it should become more "flexible," is often debated. How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other? These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we rarely recognize the "law of time" even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years--but unless we meet the truant officer , we may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents' demand rather than to the law. As adults we are familiar with "extra pay for overtime working," but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes "overtime" is a matter of legal definition. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight-saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves: "Here is the law in action"? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how we organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight-saving law -- as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Our life is governed by the law of time.
B. How to organize time is not worth debating.
C. New ways of using time change our society.
D. Our time schedule is decided by social customs.
|
||
The Count of Monte Cristo ( French: Le Comte de Monte Cristo ) is an adventure novel by French author Alexandre Dumas. Completed in 1844, it is one of the author's most popular works, along with The Three Musketeers. Like many of his novels, it is expanded from plot outlines suggested by his co-author Auguste Maquet. The story takes place in France, Italy, islands in the Mediterranean, and in the Levant during the historical events of 1815-1838. It begins from just before the Hundred Days period, when Napoleon returned to power after his exile , and goes through to the time of Louis Philippe of France. The historical setting is a fundamental element of the book. It is an adventure story primarily concerned with themes of hope, justice, revenge , mercy and forgiveness, and is told in the style of an adventure story. It focuses on a man who is wrongfully imprisoned, escapes from prison, gains a fortune and sets about getting revenge on those responsible for his imprisonment. However, his plans have terrible consequences for the innocent as well as the guilty. Dumas got the idea for The Count of Monte Cristo from a true story, which he found in a memoir written by a man named Jacques Peuchet. Peuchet related the story of a shoemaker named Pierre Picaud, who was living in Paris in 1807. Picaud was engaged to a rich woman, but four envious friends falsely accused him of being a spy for England. He was imprisoned for seven years. During his imprisonment a fellow prisoner told him a treasure hidden in Milan. When Picaud was released in 1814, he took possession of the treasure, returned under another name to Paris and spent ten years plotting his successful revenge. The book is considered a literary classic today. According to Luc Sante, " The Count of Monte Cristo has become a fixture of western civilization's literature, as inescapable and immediately identifiable as Mickey Mouse, Noah's flood, and the story of Little Red Riding Hood. " What can we know about the hero of The Count of Monte Cristo?
|
[
"He is a man of strong will seeking justice.",
"He was exiled when Napoleon came to power.",
"He carries out his revenge to regain his fortune.",
"His revenge benefits the innocent as well as the guilty."
] | 0A
|
The Count of Monte Cristo ( French: Le Comte de Monte Cristo ) is an adventure novel by French author Alexandre Dumas. Completed in 1844, it is one of the author's most popular works, along with The Three Musketeers. Like many of his novels, it is expanded from plot outlines suggested by his co-author Auguste Maquet. The story takes place in France, Italy, islands in the Mediterranean, and in the Levant during the historical events of 1815-1838. It begins from just before the Hundred Days period, when Napoleon returned to power after his exile , and goes through to the time of Louis Philippe of France. The historical setting is a fundamental element of the book. It is an adventure story primarily concerned with themes of hope, justice, revenge , mercy and forgiveness, and is told in the style of an adventure story. It focuses on a man who is wrongfully imprisoned, escapes from prison, gains a fortune and sets about getting revenge on those responsible for his imprisonment. However, his plans have terrible consequences for the innocent as well as the guilty. Dumas got the idea for The Count of Monte Cristo from a true story, which he found in a memoir written by a man named Jacques Peuchet. Peuchet related the story of a shoemaker named Pierre Picaud, who was living in Paris in 1807. Picaud was engaged to a rich woman, but four envious friends falsely accused him of being a spy for England. He was imprisoned for seven years. During his imprisonment a fellow prisoner told him a treasure hidden in Milan. When Picaud was released in 1814, he took possession of the treasure, returned under another name to Paris and spent ten years plotting his successful revenge. The book is considered a literary classic today. According to Luc Sante, " The Count of Monte Cristo has become a fixture of western civilization's literature, as inescapable and immediately identifiable as Mickey Mouse, Noah's flood, and the story of Little Red Riding Hood. " What can we know about the hero of The Count of Monte Cristo?
A. He is a man of strong will seeking justice.
B. He was exiled when Napoleon came to power.
C. He carries out his revenge to regain his fortune.
D. His revenge benefits the innocent as well as the guilty.
|
A. He is a man of strong will seeking justice.
|
Retrieved:
. = = publications = = = = = books = = = sosa has published the following texts : en proceso, jose antonio sosa, evelyn alonso, david aleman, vidania baez, alvaro del amo, carlos marrero, 2017 isbn 978 - 84 - 697 - 5304 - 0 confluences. jose antonio sosa, magui gonzalez, miguel santiago, evelyn alonso, author : ana maria torres, publisher : cinisello balsamo, milano silvana, 2015, isbn 9788836630189 paisajes de encuentro. jose antonio sosa, 2007 isbn 978 - 84 - 7947 - 432 - 4 redes. jose antonio sosa, 2007 isbn 978 - 84 - 611 - 6387 - 8 corralejo. jose antonio sosa, 2007 isbn 978 - 84 - 614 - 2065 - 0 nred arquitectos, compilacion. jose antonio sosa, maria l. gonzalez, graham thomson, clara jimenez, publisher : literary cabinet of las palmas, 2006 isbn 978 - 84 - 611 - 3851 - 7 cultivo. jose antonio sosa, eva alfonso, hector sanchez 2005 isbn 978 - 84 - 7931 - 043 - 1 hibridaciones. jose antonio sosa, eva alfonso, hector sanchez 2005 isbn 978 - 84 - 7931 - 042 - 4 aprendiendo del territorio. jose antonio sosa, pedro nicolas romera, 2004 isbn 978 - 84 - 609 - 0777 - 0 arquitectura moderna y turismo : 1925 – 1965 : proceedings iv congreso docomomo iberian foundation, jose antonio sosa diaz - saavedra, carmen jorda such, nuno portas, docomomo iberian foundation of valencia, 2003 isbn 84 - 609 - 2997 - 3 la casa del marino, las palmas de gran canaria, 1958 – 1964 : jose antonio sosa, miguel martin - fernandez, colegio de arquitectos de almeria, 2002. isbn 84 - 921038 - 8 - 4 contextualismo y abstraccion. interrelaciones entre suelo, paisaje y arquitectura, 1994 isbn 84 - 606 - 2613 - x = = = articles = = = among them are : introspecciones elocuentes. jose antonio sosa diaz - saavedra annals of
Original Instruction:
The Count of Monte Cristo ( French: Le Comte de Monte Cristo ) is an adventure novel by French author Alexandre Dumas. Completed in 1844, it is one of the author's most popular works, along with The Three Musketeers. Like many of his novels, it is expanded from plot outlines suggested by his co-author Auguste Maquet. The story takes place in France, Italy, islands in the Mediterranean, and in the Levant during the historical events of 1815-1838. It begins from just before the Hundred Days period, when Napoleon returned to power after his exile , and goes through to the time of Louis Philippe of France. The historical setting is a fundamental element of the book. It is an adventure story primarily concerned with themes of hope, justice, revenge , mercy and forgiveness, and is told in the style of an adventure story. It focuses on a man who is wrongfully imprisoned, escapes from prison, gains a fortune and sets about getting revenge on those responsible for his imprisonment. However, his plans have terrible consequences for the innocent as well as the guilty. Dumas got the idea for The Count of Monte Cristo from a true story, which he found in a memoir written by a man named Jacques Peuchet. Peuchet related the story of a shoemaker named Pierre Picaud, who was living in Paris in 1807. Picaud was engaged to a rich woman, but four envious friends falsely accused him of being a spy for England. He was imprisoned for seven years. During his imprisonment a fellow prisoner told him a treasure hidden in Milan. When Picaud was released in 1814, he took possession of the treasure, returned under another name to Paris and spent ten years plotting his successful revenge. The book is considered a literary classic today. According to Luc Sante, " The Count of Monte Cristo has become a fixture of western civilization's literature, as inescapable and immediately identifiable as Mickey Mouse, Noah's flood, and the story of Little Red Riding Hood. " What can we know about the hero of The Count of Monte Cristo?
A. He is a man of strong will seeking justice.
B. He was exiled when Napoleon came to power.
C. He carries out his revenge to regain his fortune.
D. His revenge benefits the innocent as well as the guilty.
|
||
Two best friends lived in a small town. They grew up together and did everything together. One boy was named James, and he was a cute, fat kid who was always picked on. And then the other boy was named Alex, and he was handsome and cool. They were opposites, but they didn't care. Alex would always protect James from the bullies because James was weak. One day, James was being teased by the bullies, Gordon and Johnny, but Alex wasn't there to save him. James didn't know what to do and was scared. But then he remembered all of the times Alex stood up for him. James looked up to Alex and he thought of him as his hero. James wanted to protect himself and not have Alex always come to help. So this time, James got up and was brave. He stood up to Gordon and Johnny and told them that he wasn't scared. The bullies didn't know what to do and then gave up. They went away to look for more fun things to do. Alex saw the whole thing and was proud of James for being brave. Now James and Alex protect each other and stand up for each other. They still are the best of friends. Why was Alex proud of James?
|
[
"Alex was proud because James was brave.",
"He was proud because he was his hero.",
"He was proud because he was weak.",
"He was proud because he was scared."
] | 0A
|
Two best friends lived in a small town. They grew up together and did everything together. One boy was named James, and he was a cute, fat kid who was always picked on. And then the other boy was named Alex, and he was handsome and cool. They were opposites, but they didn't care. Alex would always protect James from the bullies because James was weak. One day, James was being teased by the bullies, Gordon and Johnny, but Alex wasn't there to save him. James didn't know what to do and was scared. But then he remembered all of the times Alex stood up for him. James looked up to Alex and he thought of him as his hero. James wanted to protect himself and not have Alex always come to help. So this time, James got up and was brave. He stood up to Gordon and Johnny and told them that he wasn't scared. The bullies didn't know what to do and then gave up. They went away to look for more fun things to do. Alex saw the whole thing and was proud of James for being brave. Now James and Alex protect each other and stand up for each other. They still are the best of friends. Why was Alex proud of James?
A. Alex was proud because James was brave.
B. He was proud because he was his hero.
C. He was proud because he was weak.
D. He was proud because he was scared.
|
A. Alex was proud because James was brave.
|
Retrieved:
development and subsequent health. during infancy, parents play a large role in regulating the negative consequences of childhood, especially regarding fear or pain responses. attachment is also very relevant to studies on development and stress reduction. attachment theory posits that the type of attachment relationship a child forms with their parents influences their ability to regulate emotional states whether or not the parents are immediately present. stress buffering effects are often seen with securely attached children, indicating that the type and stability of relationships is crucial to how well a child recovers from stressful events. some research shows that parents are especially important for social buffering up until around puberty or late childhood, when primary caregivers tend to become less influential than peers in social settings. this does not take away from the role that parents play in social buffering as a whole, and instead reflects how they are replaced by friends who become a major source of social support with buffering. furthermore, major stressors during adolescence and puberty tend to be peers and social standing, so the social buffering provided by friends during this time is heavily interwoven with social networks and relates to an idea called the friendship protection hypothesis. the friendship protection hypothesis reflects the idea of the social buffering hypothesis and explains how children with at least one supportive friend are less negatively affected by bullying and peer rejection. when looking at social buffering and development, a common approach to measuring stress responses involves looking at the hpa axis. the hpa axis is referred to as one of the primary hormonal stress systems. research looking at stress and social buffering in development consistently shows that parents play a role in shaping hpa axis function, which is evidenced in part by how early social deprivation may later result in long - term dysfunction of stress reactivity. social buffering effects have also been observed when a child is exposed to a threatening event. the presence of a parent during such a time can lower or completely block the activation of the hpa axis. additional support for the social buffering hypothesis and social neuroscience involves fear conditioning. the amygdala has been recognized as an important part in the process of fear learning, and research has shown that children have reduced amygdala activity when around a parent. in addition to this, greater connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and amygdala was observed when a child viewed their mother compared to a stranger. the prefrontal cortex is involved in emotional processes, so communication between the two brain areas indicates that parents play a large role in emotional regulation and provide neurological support for social
Original Instruction:
Two best friends lived in a small town. They grew up together and did everything together. One boy was named James, and he was a cute, fat kid who was always picked on. And then the other boy was named Alex, and he was handsome and cool. They were opposites, but they didn't care. Alex would always protect James from the bullies because James was weak. One day, James was being teased by the bullies, Gordon and Johnny, but Alex wasn't there to save him. James didn't know what to do and was scared. But then he remembered all of the times Alex stood up for him. James looked up to Alex and he thought of him as his hero. James wanted to protect himself and not have Alex always come to help. So this time, James got up and was brave. He stood up to Gordon and Johnny and told them that he wasn't scared. The bullies didn't know what to do and then gave up. They went away to look for more fun things to do. Alex saw the whole thing and was proud of James for being brave. Now James and Alex protect each other and stand up for each other. They still are the best of friends. Why was Alex proud of James?
A. Alex was proud because James was brave.
B. He was proud because he was his hero.
C. He was proud because he was weak.
D. He was proud because he was scared.
|
||
Three hundred and sixty five turns of the earth is
|
[
"double half a calendar year",
"a very long time",
"almost half of a lifetime",
"more than two years"
] | 0A
|
Three hundred and sixty five turns of the earth is
A. double half a calendar year
B. a very long time
C. almost half of a lifetime
D. more than two years
|
A. double half a calendar year
|
Retrieved:
##listic months, years ( 345 ), and days. because of it being close to a whole number of both anomalistic months and anomalistic years, its length is always within about an hour of 126007 days and half an hour. ( see graphs lower down of semester and hipparchic cycle. ) this means that at the time of the second eclipse same side of the earth will be facing the sun as at the first eclipse ( but the value of gamma will be different ). by comparing his own eclipse observations with babylonian records from 345 years earlier, hipparchus could verify the accuracy of the various periods that the chaldeans used. ptolemy points out that dividing it by 17 still gives a whole number of synodic months ( 251 ) and anomalistic months ( 269 ), but this is not an eclipse interval because it is not near a whole or half integer number of draconic months. square year an eclipse cycle where the number of solar years ( 365. 371 ) closely matches ( by chance ) the number of days in 1 solar year ( 365. 242 ). lasting 365 years 4. 5 months or 4519 lunations. it is the eighth convergent in the continued fractions development of the ratio between the eclipse year and the synodic month, giving a series of eclipses one square year apart a life expectancy of thousands of years. many eclipses of our day belong to " square year " series or selebit series that have been going for over 13, 000 years, and many will continue for over 13, 000 years. gregoriana known for returning toward the same day of the week and gregorian calendar date, as approximately an integer number of years, months, and weeks, are achieved, usually moving only a quarter day later in the gregorian calendar. hexdodeka equal to six unidos or two trihex. useful for giving accurate calculations of the timing of lunisolar syzygies. grattan guinness cycle the shortest cycle that gives eclipses on the same date ( more or less ) in both the gregorian and in a 12 - month lunar calendar, because it is almost exactly a whole number of gregorian years ( 391. 00029 ) as well as being exactly 403 12 - month lunar years. discovered by henry grattan guinness in a speculative interpretation of revelation 9 : 15. hipparchian fourteen inex plus two saros. the almagest attributes this cycle to hipparchus. george van den bergh called it the "
Original Instruction:
Three hundred and sixty five turns of the earth is
A. double half a calendar year
B. a very long time
C. almost half of a lifetime
D. more than two years
|
||
Thunderbird Lodge in Canyon de Chelly A one-night stay at the historic lodge starts at $59 for a single room and the lodge offers half-day tours of Canyon de Chelly ( $41 for adults and $32 for children aged 12 and under). Time: May 31, 2009 ~ Nov. 1, 2009 Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 17.1 percent Contact: 800/679-2473, tbirdlodge.com CALIFORNIA Zephyr Cove Resort at Lake Tahoe A three-night stay in a lakeside cabin for two people, an Emerald Bay sightseeing for two, free breakfast and lunch. Rates are $299 per couple - saving of up to $400. Details: Hotel taxes are included Time: Through Dec. 15, 2009 Contact: 800/234-8946, zephyrcove.com NEVADA Montelago Village at Lake Las Vegas A one-night stay at the mediterranean-style Montelago Village, 17 miles from Las Vegas. Rates start at $65 per person including ice-skating fees and skate rentals. Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 12 percent Time: Nov. 17, 2009~Jan. 15, 2010 Contact: 866/399-2753, montelagovillage.com YELLOWSTONE Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel A two-night stay, breakfast daily, full day ski rental, unlimited ice-skating and skates and a book of Yellowstone photos. Rates start at $119 per person. A one-night stay at the hotel starts at $65. Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 8 percent Time: Jan .1, 2010~May 2, 2010 Contact: 866/439-2473, travelyellowstone.com If a couple and their 14-year-old son want to have a half-day tour of Canyon de Chelly on Oct. 13, 2009, they should pay _ .
|
[
"$114",
"$123",
"$177",
"$189"
] | 1B
|
Thunderbird Lodge in Canyon de Chelly A one-night stay at the historic lodge starts at $59 for a single room and the lodge offers half-day tours of Canyon de Chelly ( $41 for adults and $32 for children aged 12 and under). Time: May 31, 2009 ~ Nov. 1, 2009 Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 17.1 percent Contact: 800/679-2473, tbirdlodge.com CALIFORNIA Zephyr Cove Resort at Lake Tahoe A three-night stay in a lakeside cabin for two people, an Emerald Bay sightseeing for two, free breakfast and lunch. Rates are $299 per couple - saving of up to $400. Details: Hotel taxes are included Time: Through Dec. 15, 2009 Contact: 800/234-8946, zephyrcove.com NEVADA Montelago Village at Lake Las Vegas A one-night stay at the mediterranean-style Montelago Village, 17 miles from Las Vegas. Rates start at $65 per person including ice-skating fees and skate rentals. Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 12 percent Time: Nov. 17, 2009~Jan. 15, 2010 Contact: 866/399-2753, montelagovillage.com YELLOWSTONE Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel A two-night stay, breakfast daily, full day ski rental, unlimited ice-skating and skates and a book of Yellowstone photos. Rates start at $119 per person. A one-night stay at the hotel starts at $65. Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 8 percent Time: Jan .1, 2010~May 2, 2010 Contact: 866/439-2473, travelyellowstone.com If a couple and their 14-year-old son want to have a half-day tour of Canyon de Chelly on Oct. 13, 2009, they should pay _ .
A. $114
B. $123
C. $177
D. $189
|
B. $123
|
Retrieved:
which is situated southwest of the olympics, receives nearly 85 in ( 2, 200 mm ) of rain per year the east slopes of the coast ranges in central and southern california cut off the southern san joaquin valley from enough precipitation to ensure desert - like conditions in areas around bakersfield. san jose, and adjacent cities are usually drier than the rest of the san francisco bay area because of the rain shadow cast by the highest part of the santa cruz mountains. the sonoran desert is bounded to the west by the peninsular ranges, but extends even along part of the east coast of the gulf of california. the sierra madre occidental in mexico are west of the chihuahuan desert. most rain shadows in the western united states are due to the sierra nevada mountains in california and cascade mountains, mostly in oregon and washington. the cascades create a rain - shadowed columbia basin area of eastern washington and valleys in british columbia, canada - most notably the thompson and nicola valleys which can receive less than 250 millimetres ( 10 in ) of rain in parts, and the okanagan valley ( particularly the south, nearest to the us border ) which receives anywhere from 12 to 17 inches of rain annually. the endorheic great basin of utah and nevada is in the rain shadows of the cascades and sierra nevada. the mojave desert is rain - shadowed by the sierra nevada and the transverse ranges of southern california. the black rock desert is in the rain shadows of the cascades and sierra nevada. california's owens valley is rain - shadowed by the sierra nevada. death valley in the united states, behind both the pacific coast ranges of california and the sierra nevada range, is the driest place in north america and one of the driest places on the planet. this is also due to its location well below sea level which tends to cause high pressure and dry conditions to dominate due to the greater weight of the atmosphere above. the colorado front range is limited to precipitation that crosses over the continental divide. while many locations west of the divide may receive as much as 1, 000 millimetres ( 40 in ) of precipitation per year, some places on the eastern side, notably the cities of denver and pueblo, colorado, typically receive only about 12 to 19 inches. thus, the continental divide acts as a barrier for precipitation. this effect applies only to storms traveling west - to - east. when low pressure systems skirt the rocky mountains and approach from the south, they can generate high precipitation on the eastern side and little or none on the western slope. further east
Original Instruction:
Thunderbird Lodge in Canyon de Chelly A one-night stay at the historic lodge starts at $59 for a single room and the lodge offers half-day tours of Canyon de Chelly ( $41 for adults and $32 for children aged 12 and under). Time: May 31, 2009 ~ Nov. 1, 2009 Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 17.1 percent Contact: 800/679-2473, tbirdlodge.com CALIFORNIA Zephyr Cove Resort at Lake Tahoe A three-night stay in a lakeside cabin for two people, an Emerald Bay sightseeing for two, free breakfast and lunch. Rates are $299 per couple - saving of up to $400. Details: Hotel taxes are included Time: Through Dec. 15, 2009 Contact: 800/234-8946, zephyrcove.com NEVADA Montelago Village at Lake Las Vegas A one-night stay at the mediterranean-style Montelago Village, 17 miles from Las Vegas. Rates start at $65 per person including ice-skating fees and skate rentals. Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 12 percent Time: Nov. 17, 2009~Jan. 15, 2010 Contact: 866/399-2753, montelagovillage.com YELLOWSTONE Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel A two-night stay, breakfast daily, full day ski rental, unlimited ice-skating and skates and a book of Yellowstone photos. Rates start at $119 per person. A one-night stay at the hotel starts at $65. Details: Hotel taxes are an additional 8 percent Time: Jan .1, 2010~May 2, 2010 Contact: 866/439-2473, travelyellowstone.com If a couple and their 14-year-old son want to have a half-day tour of Canyon de Chelly on Oct. 13, 2009, they should pay _ .
A. $114
B. $123
C. $177
D. $189
|
||
An example of weathering is
|
[
"sand",
"sharp boulders",
"tall trees",
"coral reefs"
] | 0A
|
An example of weathering is
A. sand
B. sharp boulders
C. tall trees
D. coral reefs
|
A. sand
|
Retrieved:
meters ( 6 ft ). many desert features once attributed to wind abrasion, including wind caves, mushroom rocks, and the honeycomb weathering called tafoni, are now attributed to differential weathering, rainwash, deflation rather than abrasion, or other processes. yardangs are one kind of desert feature that is widely attributed to wind abrasion. these are rock ridges, up to tens of meters high and kilometers long, that have been streamlined by desert winds. yardangs characteristically show elongated furrows or grooves aligned with the prevailing wind. they form mostly in softer material such as silts. abrasion produces polishing and pitting, grooving, shaping, and faceting of exposed surfaces. these are widespread in arid environments but geologically insignificant. polished or faceted surfaces called ventifacts are rare, requiring abundant sand, powerful winds, and a lack of vegetation for their formation. in parts of antarctica wind - blown snowflakes that are technically sediments have also caused abrasion of exposed rocks. = = = attrition = = = attrition is the wearing down by collisions of particles entrained in a moving fluid. it is effective at rounding sand grains and at giving them a distinctive frosted surface texture. collisions between windborne particles is a major source of dust in the size range of 2 - 5 microns. most of this is produced by the removal of a weathered clay coating from the grains. = = transport = = wind dominates the transport of sand and finer sediments in arid environments. wind transport is also important in periglacial areas, on river flood plains, and in coastal areas. coastal winds transport significant amounts of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments inland, while wind storms and dust storms can carry clay and silt particles great distances. wind transports much of the sediments deposited in deep ocean basins. in ergs ( desert sand seas ), wind is very effective at transporting grains of sand size and smaller. particles are transported by winds through suspension, saltation ( skipping or bouncing ) and creeping ( rolling or sliding ) along the ground. the minimum wind velocity to initiate transport is called the fluid threshold or static threshold and is the wind velocity required to begin dislodging grains from the surface. once transport is initiated, there is a cascade effect from grains tearing loose other grains, so that transport continues until the wind velocity drops below the dynamic threshold or impact threshold, which is usually less than the fluid threshold. in other words, there
Original Instruction:
An example of weathering is
A. sand
B. sharp boulders
C. tall trees
D. coral reefs
|
||
It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service. The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients. He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example, breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about. Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available for those who are vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery , a condition which kills 3,000 men a year. The opposition have criticized Mr. Brown's proposals, saying that they are just a trick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them. The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pay more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare, because it's much quicker. NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care themselves. The author of this passage intends to tell us _ .
|
[
"the NHS should be reformed right away.",
"more and more people are dying from diseases.",
"the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.",
"the criticism of Mr. Brown's proposals."
] | 2C
|
It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service. The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients. He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example, breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about. Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available for those who are vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery , a condition which kills 3,000 men a year. The opposition have criticized Mr. Brown's proposals, saying that they are just a trick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them. The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pay more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare, because it's much quicker. NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care themselves. The author of this passage intends to tell us _ .
A. the NHS should be reformed right away.
B. more and more people are dying from diseases.
C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.
D. the criticism of Mr. Brown's proposals.
|
C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.
|
Retrieved:
", and " show how we are learning the lessons from the pandemic, and apply them to improving cancer services over the next decade ". a set of six new and strengthened priorities were made public including : - increasing the number of people diagnosed at an early stage where treatment can prove much more effective intensifying research on new early diagnostic tools to catch cancer at an earlier stage. a key strategy of the national war on cancer was building on the latest scientific advances and partnering with the country's technology pioneers. the united kingdom's nhs - galleri trial is evaluating a new test that looks for distinct markers in blood to identify cancer risk and was listed as a key example of how technology can transform the way cancer is detected. the test is being trialled across england, with thousands of people already recruited. the uk government wants similar technologies to help form new partnerships and give their national health service early, cost effective access to new diagnostics. intensifying research on mrna vaccines and therapeutics for cancer – this will be achieved through the uk's global leadership and supporting industry to develop new cancer treatments by combining expertise in cancer immunotherapy treatment and the vaccine capabilities developed throughout the pandemic improving prevention of cancer through tackling the big known risk factors such as smoking boosting the cancer workforce tackling disparities and inequalities, including in cancer diagnosis times and ensuring recovery from the pandemic is delivered in a fair way – for instance, the " help us help you " cancer awareness campaign will be directed towards people from more deprived groups and ethnic minorities = = progress = = though there has been significant progress in the understanding of cancer biology, risk factors, treatments, and prognosis of some types of cancer ( such as childhood leukemia ) since the inception of the national cancer act of 1971, progress in reducing the overall cancer mortality rate has been disappointing. many types of cancer remain largely incurable ( such as pancreatic cancer ) and the overall death rate from cancer has not decreased appreciably since the 1970s. the death rate for cancer in the u. s., adjusted for population size and age, dropped only 5 percent from 1950 to 2005. as of 2012, who reported 8. 2 million annual deaths from cancer heart disease ( including both ischaemic and hypertensive ) accounted for 8. 5 million annual deaths. stroke accounted for 6. 7 million annual deaths. there is evidence for progress in reducing cancer mortality. age - specific analysis of cancer mortality rates has had progress in
Original Instruction:
It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service. The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients. He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example, breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about. Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available for those who are vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery , a condition which kills 3,000 men a year. The opposition have criticized Mr. Brown's proposals, saying that they are just a trick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them. The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pay more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare, because it's much quicker. NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care themselves. The author of this passage intends to tell us _ .
A. the NHS should be reformed right away.
B. more and more people are dying from diseases.
C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.
D. the criticism of Mr. Brown's proposals.
|
||
If you need to spend time on the road,it's important to find ways to keep safe on your feet. Don't suppose it's your right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a distracted driver, or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules, so you could still get hurt. You can be in the right legally, but that won't be much help when you're in the hospital. Follow pedestrian signals. Just as drivers aren't supposed to speed up to beat a light when crossing through an intersection, pedestrians need to take the same care when obeying their own signals. If the hand is flashing and the countdown is into single digits ,stay where you are. Trying to outrun the flashing hand is unsafe,especially as cars try to clear the intersection before the light turns red. Give drivers enough time to stop when crossing. Don't suppose that drivers will jam on their brakes when you hit the crosswalk signals. Some provinces, such as Alberta, issue a ticket if you don't give drivers enough time to brake. Cross quickly. Once you've followed all of the other rules, and it is safe to cross the street, don't then just wander along in front of six lanes of traffic. There's no need to run or jog, but respect the drivers who respected you enough to stop for you. In what case would pedestrians in Alberta be fined?
|
[
"Racing against time with drivers.",
"Following crosswalk signals.",
"Crossing the crosswalk area.",
"Walking outside six lanes."
] | 0A
|
If you need to spend time on the road,it's important to find ways to keep safe on your feet. Don't suppose it's your right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a distracted driver, or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules, so you could still get hurt. You can be in the right legally, but that won't be much help when you're in the hospital. Follow pedestrian signals. Just as drivers aren't supposed to speed up to beat a light when crossing through an intersection, pedestrians need to take the same care when obeying their own signals. If the hand is flashing and the countdown is into single digits ,stay where you are. Trying to outrun the flashing hand is unsafe,especially as cars try to clear the intersection before the light turns red. Give drivers enough time to stop when crossing. Don't suppose that drivers will jam on their brakes when you hit the crosswalk signals. Some provinces, such as Alberta, issue a ticket if you don't give drivers enough time to brake. Cross quickly. Once you've followed all of the other rules, and it is safe to cross the street, don't then just wander along in front of six lanes of traffic. There's no need to run or jog, but respect the drivers who respected you enough to stop for you. In what case would pedestrians in Alberta be fined?
A. Racing against time with drivers.
B. Following crosswalk signals.
C. Crossing the crosswalk area.
D. Walking outside six lanes.
|
A. Racing against time with drivers.
|
Retrieved:
road curvature ; safe speed is always dynamic. non - commercial vehicles have even shorter lighting distances. drivers commonly drive the maximum posted speed limit at night, often in violation of the acda rule and this shows up in accident data. = = = = = intersections = = = = = as a corollary to the rule that drivers generally must not pose an " immediate hazard " upon where or when they cannot assure such distance ahead is clear, it follows that others may presume that no vehicle is posing an " immediate hazard " from beyond where they can see with proper lookout. where there are cross roads or side roads with view obstructions, the assured clear distance terminates at the closest path of potential users of the roadway until there is such a view which assures the intersection will remain clear. in such situations, approach speed must be reduced in preparation for entering or crossing a road or intersection or the unmarked pedestrian crosswalks and bike paths they create because of potential hazards. this jurisprudence arises in - part because of the known difficulty in estimating the distance and velocity of an approaching vehicle, which is psychophysically explained by its small angular size and belated divergence from an asymptotically null rate of expansion, which is beyond the subtended angular velocity detection threshold ( savt ) limits of visual acuity by way of the stevens'power law and weber – fechner law, until the vehicle may be dangerously close ; subjective constancy and the visual angle illusion may also play a role. vehicles that are approaching an intersection from beyond the savt limit cannot be reliably distinguished between moving or parked, though they may be traveling at such an imprudent speed as to pose an immediate hazard. in this circumstance, it is impossible for the entering driver to have fair notice that his or her contemplated conduct is forbidden by such hazard, and any legal expectation to the contrary would implicate violating the vagueness doctrine of the us constitution. it is the duty of the through - driver to decelerate and apply the acda principle specifically to the intersection. see table of detection thresholds. = = = = acda as a function of horizontal sight distance = = = = horizontal clearance is measured from the edge of the traveled way to the bottom of the nearest object, tree trunk or shrub foliage mass face, plant setback, or mature growth. horizontal sight distance is not to be confused with the clear recovery zone which provides hazardous vegetation set - back to allow errant vehicles to regain control, and is exclusive to
Original Instruction:
If you need to spend time on the road,it's important to find ways to keep safe on your feet. Don't suppose it's your right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a distracted driver, or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules, so you could still get hurt. You can be in the right legally, but that won't be much help when you're in the hospital. Follow pedestrian signals. Just as drivers aren't supposed to speed up to beat a light when crossing through an intersection, pedestrians need to take the same care when obeying their own signals. If the hand is flashing and the countdown is into single digits ,stay where you are. Trying to outrun the flashing hand is unsafe,especially as cars try to clear the intersection before the light turns red. Give drivers enough time to stop when crossing. Don't suppose that drivers will jam on their brakes when you hit the crosswalk signals. Some provinces, such as Alberta, issue a ticket if you don't give drivers enough time to brake. Cross quickly. Once you've followed all of the other rules, and it is safe to cross the street, don't then just wander along in front of six lanes of traffic. There's no need to run or jog, but respect the drivers who respected you enough to stop for you. In what case would pedestrians in Alberta be fined?
A. Racing against time with drivers.
B. Following crosswalk signals.
C. Crossing the crosswalk area.
D. Walking outside six lanes.
|
||
If you struggled to get up for work on Wednesdays, there could be a good reason--it is the day our mood reaches its lowest point. Monday has traditionally been thought of as the most depressing day of the week but according to psychologists, midweek gives more cause for concern in reality. Wednesday represented the lowest point in the week as people were furthest away from the weekend that has either just gone or is coming up and often feel too tired to go on with work. However, psychologists have found that, on average, people's moods remain about the same on each day throughout the week. To start their research, the University of Sydney scientists asked around 200 people what they thought their mood would be on each day of the week. Most said their worst moods were on Monday mornings and evenings but they became increasingly cheerful as the week went on, with their best moods falling on Friday and Saturday mornings and evenings. When asked why they believed that Friday and Saturday were best, respondents said they saw them as less-structured days when they could choose how to spend their time. The psychologists then asked a further 350 people how they felt each day. They found that, on average, people's moods remained about the same on each day throughout the week.Mondays were not as depressing as they had feared and Fridays and Saturdays were not as exciting as predicted. Professor Charles Areni, who led the study, said the day-of-the-week stereotypes stem from a cultural belief that people are generally happier when they are free to choose their activities compared to when they are engaged in paid work. In reality, he said, weekends do not often see moods change because they are frequently dominated by productive activities that may require large amounts of energy and begin to feel tired like work. "Day-of-the-week stereotypes like Monday morning blues and Thank God It's Friday are largely illusions," he said. Which of the following is the finding of the research mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"All of the people asked admitted that on Monday they had the worst moods.",
"Saturday and Sunday were the best because people could plan their time freely.",
"There was no sharp difference in people's moods between each day of the week.",
"Different people had different ideas about which day was the worst in a week."
] | 2C
|
If you struggled to get up for work on Wednesdays, there could be a good reason--it is the day our mood reaches its lowest point. Monday has traditionally been thought of as the most depressing day of the week but according to psychologists, midweek gives more cause for concern in reality. Wednesday represented the lowest point in the week as people were furthest away from the weekend that has either just gone or is coming up and often feel too tired to go on with work. However, psychologists have found that, on average, people's moods remain about the same on each day throughout the week. To start their research, the University of Sydney scientists asked around 200 people what they thought their mood would be on each day of the week. Most said their worst moods were on Monday mornings and evenings but they became increasingly cheerful as the week went on, with their best moods falling on Friday and Saturday mornings and evenings. When asked why they believed that Friday and Saturday were best, respondents said they saw them as less-structured days when they could choose how to spend their time. The psychologists then asked a further 350 people how they felt each day. They found that, on average, people's moods remained about the same on each day throughout the week.Mondays were not as depressing as they had feared and Fridays and Saturdays were not as exciting as predicted. Professor Charles Areni, who led the study, said the day-of-the-week stereotypes stem from a cultural belief that people are generally happier when they are free to choose their activities compared to when they are engaged in paid work. In reality, he said, weekends do not often see moods change because they are frequently dominated by productive activities that may require large amounts of energy and begin to feel tired like work. "Day-of-the-week stereotypes like Monday morning blues and Thank God It's Friday are largely illusions," he said. Which of the following is the finding of the research mentioned in the passage?
A. All of the people asked admitted that on Monday they had the worst moods.
B. Saturday and Sunday were the best because people could plan their time freely.
C. There was no sharp difference in people's moods between each day of the week.
D. Different people had different ideas about which day was the worst in a week.
|
C. There was no sharp difference in people's moods between each day of the week.
|
Retrieved:
everyday life, daily life or routine life comprises the ways in which people typically act, think, and feel on a daily basis. everyday life may be described as mundane, routine, natural, habitual, or normal. human diurnality means most people sleep at least part of the night and are active in daytime. most eat two or three meals in a day. working time ( apart from shift work ) mostly involves a daily schedule, beginning in the morning. this produces the daily rush hours experienced by many millions, and the drive time focused on by radio broadcasters. evening is often leisure time. bathing every day is a custom for many. beyond these broad similarities, lifestyles vary and different people spend their days differently. for example, nomadic life differs from sedentism, and among the sedentary, urban people live differently from rural folk. differences in the lives of the rich and the poor, or between laborers and intellectuals, may go beyond their working hours. children and adults also vary in what they do each day. = = sociological perspectives = = everyday life is a key concept in cultural studies and is a specialized subject in the field of sociology. some argue that, motivated by capitalism and industrialism's degrading effects on human existence and perception, writers and artists of the 19th century turned more towards self - reflection and the portrayal of everyday life represented in their writings and art to a noticeably greater degree than in past works, for example renaissance literature's interest in hagiography and politics. other theorists dispute this argument based on a long history of writings about daily life which can be seen in works from ancient greece, medieval christianity and the age of enlightenment. in the study of everyday life, gender has been an important factor in its conceptions. some theorists regard women as the quintessential representatives and victims of everyday life. the connotation of everyday life is often negative, and is distinctively separated from exceptional moments by its lack of distinction and differentiation. ultimately this is defined as the essential, taken - for - granted continuum of mundane activity that outlines forays into more esoteric experiences. it is the non - negotiable reality that exists amongst all social groupings without discrimination and is an unavoidable basis for which all human endeavor exists. much of everyday life is automatic in that it is driven by current environmental features as mediated by automatic cognitive processing of those features, and without any mediation by conscious choice, according to social psychologist john a. bargh. daily life is also studied by sociologists
Original Instruction:
If you struggled to get up for work on Wednesdays, there could be a good reason--it is the day our mood reaches its lowest point. Monday has traditionally been thought of as the most depressing day of the week but according to psychologists, midweek gives more cause for concern in reality. Wednesday represented the lowest point in the week as people were furthest away from the weekend that has either just gone or is coming up and often feel too tired to go on with work. However, psychologists have found that, on average, people's moods remain about the same on each day throughout the week. To start their research, the University of Sydney scientists asked around 200 people what they thought their mood would be on each day of the week. Most said their worst moods were on Monday mornings and evenings but they became increasingly cheerful as the week went on, with their best moods falling on Friday and Saturday mornings and evenings. When asked why they believed that Friday and Saturday were best, respondents said they saw them as less-structured days when they could choose how to spend their time. The psychologists then asked a further 350 people how they felt each day. They found that, on average, people's moods remained about the same on each day throughout the week.Mondays were not as depressing as they had feared and Fridays and Saturdays were not as exciting as predicted. Professor Charles Areni, who led the study, said the day-of-the-week stereotypes stem from a cultural belief that people are generally happier when they are free to choose their activities compared to when they are engaged in paid work. In reality, he said, weekends do not often see moods change because they are frequently dominated by productive activities that may require large amounts of energy and begin to feel tired like work. "Day-of-the-week stereotypes like Monday morning blues and Thank God It's Friday are largely illusions," he said. Which of the following is the finding of the research mentioned in the passage?
A. All of the people asked admitted that on Monday they had the worst moods.
B. Saturday and Sunday were the best because people could plan their time freely.
C. There was no sharp difference in people's moods between each day of the week.
D. Different people had different ideas about which day was the worst in a week.
|
||
Martha was busy with her job. She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who was sick with cancer. She had to provide for his expensive medicines. Her brothers and sisters meanwhile stayed with their father most of the time. They bathed him, sang for him, spoon-fed him or simply kept him company. One day Martha was hurt. She overheard her father telling her mother, "All our children love me except Martha." "How can this be?" Martha thought. "Am I not the one killing myself in my work to have money to pay for his medicines? My brothers and sisters do not even provide their share in the expenses." One night, as Martha was as usual late in going home, she saw her father was lying awake. She walked close to his bedsides. Her father held her hands and said, "I miss you. I don't have much time. Stay with me." And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night. The next morning Martha said to everybody, "I have taken a leave of absence. I would like to be with father. I will bathe him and sing for him from now on." Her father had a beautiful smile. He knew Martha loved him, too. As children, we need the presence of our loved ones. Adults need no less. I have observed my mother's orchids . When she is away for a long time, they are unhealthy and many of them wither . But when she is around , they bloom with beautiful flowers. My mother does nothing special . She just spends her time looking after them. After staying with her father for one night, Martha _ .
|
[
"decided to give up her job",
"understood what her father really needed",
"realized her father loved her most",
"loved her father more than before"
] | 1B
|
Martha was busy with her job. She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who was sick with cancer. She had to provide for his expensive medicines. Her brothers and sisters meanwhile stayed with their father most of the time. They bathed him, sang for him, spoon-fed him or simply kept him company. One day Martha was hurt. She overheard her father telling her mother, "All our children love me except Martha." "How can this be?" Martha thought. "Am I not the one killing myself in my work to have money to pay for his medicines? My brothers and sisters do not even provide their share in the expenses." One night, as Martha was as usual late in going home, she saw her father was lying awake. She walked close to his bedsides. Her father held her hands and said, "I miss you. I don't have much time. Stay with me." And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night. The next morning Martha said to everybody, "I have taken a leave of absence. I would like to be with father. I will bathe him and sing for him from now on." Her father had a beautiful smile. He knew Martha loved him, too. As children, we need the presence of our loved ones. Adults need no less. I have observed my mother's orchids . When she is away for a long time, they are unhealthy and many of them wither . But when she is around , they bloom with beautiful flowers. My mother does nothing special . She just spends her time looking after them. After staying with her father for one night, Martha _ .
A. decided to give up her job
B. understood what her father really needed
C. realized her father loved her most
D. loved her father more than before
|
B. understood what her father really needed
|
Retrieved:
happy at first, but gradually they decided that what hainuwele was doing was uncanny and, driven by jealousy, they decided to kill her on the ninth night. in the successive dances, the men circled around the women at the center of the dance ground, hainuwele amongst them, who handed out gifts. before the ninth night, the men dug a pit in the center of the dance ground and, singling out hainuwele, in the course of the dance they pushed her further and further inward until she was pushed right into the pit. the men quickly heaped earth over the girl, covering her cries with their song. thus hainuwele was buried alive, while the men kept dancing on the dirt stomping it firmly down. ameta, missing hainuwele, went in search for her. through an oracle he found out what had happened, then he exhumed her corpse and cut it into pieces which he then re - buried around the village. these pieces grew into various new useful plants, including tubers, giving origin to the principal foods the people of indonesia have enjoyed ever since. ameta brought hainuwele's cut arms to mulua satene, the ruling deity over humans. with them, she built for him a gate in spiral shape through which all men should pass. those who would be able to step across the gate would remain human beings, although henceforward mortal, becoming divided into patalima ( men of the five ) and patasiwa ( men of the nine ). those unable to pass through the threshold became new kinds of animals or ghosts. satene herself left the earth and became ruler over the realm of the dead. patasiwa is the group to which both the wemale and the alune people belong. = = analysis and interpretation = = = = = dema deity myth = = = hainuwele can be understood as a creation myth in which the natural environment, the daily tasks of men, and the social structures are given meaning. in the myth, spirits and plants are created, and an explanation is provided for the mortality of mankind and the formation of tribal divisions within the wemale ethnic group. jensen identifies the hainuwele figure with a dema deity. according to jensen, the belief in a dema deity is typical of cultures based on basic plant cultivation as opposed to cultures of hunter - gatherers, as well as complex agricultural cultures such as those based on the cultivation of grain. jensen identifies
Original Instruction:
Martha was busy with her job. She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who was sick with cancer. She had to provide for his expensive medicines. Her brothers and sisters meanwhile stayed with their father most of the time. They bathed him, sang for him, spoon-fed him or simply kept him company. One day Martha was hurt. She overheard her father telling her mother, "All our children love me except Martha." "How can this be?" Martha thought. "Am I not the one killing myself in my work to have money to pay for his medicines? My brothers and sisters do not even provide their share in the expenses." One night, as Martha was as usual late in going home, she saw her father was lying awake. She walked close to his bedsides. Her father held her hands and said, "I miss you. I don't have much time. Stay with me." And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night. The next morning Martha said to everybody, "I have taken a leave of absence. I would like to be with father. I will bathe him and sing for him from now on." Her father had a beautiful smile. He knew Martha loved him, too. As children, we need the presence of our loved ones. Adults need no less. I have observed my mother's orchids . When she is away for a long time, they are unhealthy and many of them wither . But when she is around , they bloom with beautiful flowers. My mother does nothing special . She just spends her time looking after them. After staying with her father for one night, Martha _ .
A. decided to give up her job
B. understood what her father really needed
C. realized her father loved her most
D. loved her father more than before
|
||
Early childhood Teacher Children's Preschool is a non-profit,parcot cooperative child care center located in the East Rock neighborhood of new Haven.We are looking to hire an experienced teacher fo 25-30 hours per week.As a teacher,you will have the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of children by providing them with a safe and nurturing environment that encourages their social,emotional,physical,and intellectual development. Requirements: Bachelor's degree in early childhood education required. Experience working with children ages 3 to 5 years old. Knowledge of NAEYC and CT Benchmarks. Can bring to this position maturity, responsibility, and a sincere interest in working with children. Strong interpersonal and organaizational skills. Knowledge of various resources for curriculum ideas and the skills to apply that information in directing daily activiities. Send cover letter, resume and educational philosoghy. Contact: Kathy Phone: (203)777-2491 City: New Haven Zip: 06511 English Teacher---Private Middle School SUMMARY IECC(Islamic Education Guidance Center) is located in Toronto, ON, Canada. We are looking for an instructor is preferably female who is comfortable working in an Islamic environment as the school is situated within a Mosque. This individual must provide high-quality instruction to students and work collaboratively with the school leader, colleages, students, parents and the board to accompish or surpass the a cademy's educational goals. Work as a collaborative team member to carry out the academy curriculum and accompish short and long term academy goals. Requirements State teacher license/certification. Bachelor's degree with subject area emphasis and/or courswork and/or experience necessary to be considered high qualified for the grade/subjects to be taught. Demonstrated commitment to young people's learning success and achievenment. Demonstrated proficiency in a teaching/tutoring capacity as acquired through past experience in tutoring, teaching or other education-related experience, evidence of successful experience in student and parent relations. Contact: Sherikh Bashir M. Nur mohbashiir@gmail.com or mrsbashiir@gmail.com with resume, references, and acquired certifications. If you are interested in teaching preschool children,you may contact by _
|
[
"telephone or letter",
"email",
"letter or email",
"telephone or email"
] | 0A
|
Early childhood Teacher Children's Preschool is a non-profit,parcot cooperative child care center located in the East Rock neighborhood of new Haven.We are looking to hire an experienced teacher fo 25-30 hours per week.As a teacher,you will have the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of children by providing them with a safe and nurturing environment that encourages their social,emotional,physical,and intellectual development. Requirements: Bachelor's degree in early childhood education required. Experience working with children ages 3 to 5 years old. Knowledge of NAEYC and CT Benchmarks. Can bring to this position maturity, responsibility, and a sincere interest in working with children. Strong interpersonal and organaizational skills. Knowledge of various resources for curriculum ideas and the skills to apply that information in directing daily activiities. Send cover letter, resume and educational philosoghy. Contact: Kathy Phone: (203)777-2491 City: New Haven Zip: 06511 English Teacher---Private Middle School SUMMARY IECC(Islamic Education Guidance Center) is located in Toronto, ON, Canada. We are looking for an instructor is preferably female who is comfortable working in an Islamic environment as the school is situated within a Mosque. This individual must provide high-quality instruction to students and work collaboratively with the school leader, colleages, students, parents and the board to accompish or surpass the a cademy's educational goals. Work as a collaborative team member to carry out the academy curriculum and accompish short and long term academy goals. Requirements State teacher license/certification. Bachelor's degree with subject area emphasis and/or courswork and/or experience necessary to be considered high qualified for the grade/subjects to be taught. Demonstrated commitment to young people's learning success and achievenment. Demonstrated proficiency in a teaching/tutoring capacity as acquired through past experience in tutoring, teaching or other education-related experience, evidence of successful experience in student and parent relations. Contact: Sherikh Bashir M. Nur mohbashiir@gmail.com or mrsbashiir@gmail.com with resume, references, and acquired certifications. If you are interested in teaching preschool children,you may contact by _
A. telephone or letter
B. email
C. letter or email
D. telephone or email
|
A. telephone or letter
|
Retrieved:
roles to be detected and corrected. some research has suggested greater representation of women in the economic modeling of the labor force. = = equity - deserving group's recommendations to combat discrimination = = = = = muslims = = = = = = = muslim women = = = = salima ebrahim, a canadian muslim woman on behalf of the canadian council of muslim women, sent the following five recommendations through open letter to the un human right's council's sub - commission on the promotion and protection of human rights working group on minorities. the first, that the canadian government should fund governmental and non - governmental interfaith projects. the second, that there needs to education set up for media on muslim stereotype awareness and muslim community liaisons. the third, transparency in government policies including stakeholder consultations with the appropriate muslim community. the fourth, when collecting data government should disaggregate it based on gender and religion. the fifth, ensure recommendations made by special rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, in 2004, be followed through. = = in teaching = = employment discrimination exists in the u. s. education system. the united states has nearly four million elementary, middle, and high school teachers. among them, 83 percent are white, and only 8 percent are african american. a study shows that even as a qualified african american teacher applies to teach, not only is their chance of receiving an offer significantly lower than a white applicant, but they are also likely to be disproportionally placed in schools with large populations of children of color or children in poverty. there is a lack of racial diversity in the faculty of schools, especially in schools where there is a bigger population of african - american students who are unable to see teachers of the same race in their learning environment. according to evidence from this study, academically african - american students benefit when they see teachers of the same race in their classrooms. along with the k - 12 school system, discrimination is also present in early childcare hiring as well. a study performed in 2019 revealed that when applying to become a childcare teacher, there is a significant difference in the amount of african american and hispanic teachers who do not get called back for an interview compared to their white counterparts. this persists through all levels of experience in the field. the same study also shows that if a childcare center has predominantly white students, then it is less likely for a teacher of color to be hired at that
Original Instruction:
Early childhood Teacher Children's Preschool is a non-profit,parcot cooperative child care center located in the East Rock neighborhood of new Haven.We are looking to hire an experienced teacher fo 25-30 hours per week.As a teacher,you will have the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of children by providing them with a safe and nurturing environment that encourages their social,emotional,physical,and intellectual development. Requirements: Bachelor's degree in early childhood education required. Experience working with children ages 3 to 5 years old. Knowledge of NAEYC and CT Benchmarks. Can bring to this position maturity, responsibility, and a sincere interest in working with children. Strong interpersonal and organaizational skills. Knowledge of various resources for curriculum ideas and the skills to apply that information in directing daily activiities. Send cover letter, resume and educational philosoghy. Contact: Kathy Phone: (203)777-2491 City: New Haven Zip: 06511 English Teacher---Private Middle School SUMMARY IECC(Islamic Education Guidance Center) is located in Toronto, ON, Canada. We are looking for an instructor is preferably female who is comfortable working in an Islamic environment as the school is situated within a Mosque. This individual must provide high-quality instruction to students and work collaboratively with the school leader, colleages, students, parents and the board to accompish or surpass the a cademy's educational goals. Work as a collaborative team member to carry out the academy curriculum and accompish short and long term academy goals. Requirements State teacher license/certification. Bachelor's degree with subject area emphasis and/or courswork and/or experience necessary to be considered high qualified for the grade/subjects to be taught. Demonstrated commitment to young people's learning success and achievenment. Demonstrated proficiency in a teaching/tutoring capacity as acquired through past experience in tutoring, teaching or other education-related experience, evidence of successful experience in student and parent relations. Contact: Sherikh Bashir M. Nur mohbashiir@gmail.com or mrsbashiir@gmail.com with resume, references, and acquired certifications. If you are interested in teaching preschool children,you may contact by _
A. telephone or letter
B. email
C. letter or email
D. telephone or email
|
||
In a few years, most people will know that a healthy, happy, loving family is a joy and it is a necessary part for building a strong society. But there are still some people who don't believe family life can be an enjoyable experience. Some people already accepted the idea of the "me generation" so they fail to understand that there is a time in life when they have to give up their time to something more valuable. At a time when adults need to think about the needs of their family, they will be doing other important things. Some people will spend too much time working for a more powerful car or a bigger house so that they can proudly say that they have them. Some will be doing dangerous things so that they may tell their stories to their friends, and others will recite things like " I must become the best I can be." or "I don't want to be at the bottom." The needs of their family will be forgotten and they never seem to have time for the family. Many people have not experienced a strong helpful perfect family life, so they have never discovered its worth. Many people have always experienced family life as a flight, so they can't find time and energy for work. But it is really very important that we all expect good family relations. We need to realize and value the importance of what can be achieved by loving each other in the family. It is also important for our society to encourage family members to create happiness. What does the writer expect family life to be like?
|
[
"Happy experience.",
"A strong society",
"Too much work",
"A flight"
] | 0A
|
In a few years, most people will know that a healthy, happy, loving family is a joy and it is a necessary part for building a strong society. But there are still some people who don't believe family life can be an enjoyable experience. Some people already accepted the idea of the "me generation" so they fail to understand that there is a time in life when they have to give up their time to something more valuable. At a time when adults need to think about the needs of their family, they will be doing other important things. Some people will spend too much time working for a more powerful car or a bigger house so that they can proudly say that they have them. Some will be doing dangerous things so that they may tell their stories to their friends, and others will recite things like " I must become the best I can be." or "I don't want to be at the bottom." The needs of their family will be forgotten and they never seem to have time for the family. Many people have not experienced a strong helpful perfect family life, so they have never discovered its worth. Many people have always experienced family life as a flight, so they can't find time and energy for work. But it is really very important that we all expect good family relations. We need to realize and value the importance of what can be achieved by loving each other in the family. It is also important for our society to encourage family members to create happiness. What does the writer expect family life to be like?
A. Happy experience.
B. A strong society
C. Too much work
D. A flight
|
A. Happy experience.
|
Retrieved:
and because of that they cannot afford a home or any other kind of place to settle down. many may see this characteristic of emerging adulthood in a negative light, but it is " during this time [ that ] many young people obtain the level of education and training that will provide the foundation for their incomes and occupational achievements for the remainder of their adult work lives. " = = = = age of self focus = = = = in this stage, " emerging adults focus on themselves as they develop the knowledge, skills, and self - understanding they will need for adult life. " because those in this period of life have not settled down yet and do not have others depending on them, this is a time where they can grow in personal areas of their life, work on themselves, and do what they want for themselves without affecting others. according to arnett, " identity formation involves trying out various life possibilities and gradually moving toward making enduring decisions. " = = = = age of feeling in between = = = = emerging adults " regard themselves as being neither adolescents nor adults, in between the two but not really one or the other. " this feels like an awkward time of life as these emerging adults have control and independence, yet they may still be relying on their parent's insurance, housing, and groceries. they are able to do many things by themselves and hold their own lives, but are not quite at the stage where they can do it all. = = = = age of possibilities = = = = this is a time when " many different futures remain possible. " during this stage of life, young adults are very optimistic about their possibilities and opportunities. without the responsibility of working for and providing for a family, young adults have the flexibility to try their hands at many things and find out what they like best. interestingly, " most emerging adults believe they have good chances of living " better than their parents did. " they see their future as bright and full of potential and are willing to give their dreams – even if they are a long shot – an effort. = = = subjective difference = = = when americans between the ages of 18 and 25 are asked whether they believe they have reached adulthood, most do not answer with a " no " or a " yes ", but answer with " in some respects yes, in some respects no. " it is clear from this ambiguity that most emerging adults in the united states feel they have completed adolescence but not yet entered adulthood. a number of studies have shown that regarding people in their late teens and early
Original Instruction:
In a few years, most people will know that a healthy, happy, loving family is a joy and it is a necessary part for building a strong society. But there are still some people who don't believe family life can be an enjoyable experience. Some people already accepted the idea of the "me generation" so they fail to understand that there is a time in life when they have to give up their time to something more valuable. At a time when adults need to think about the needs of their family, they will be doing other important things. Some people will spend too much time working for a more powerful car or a bigger house so that they can proudly say that they have them. Some will be doing dangerous things so that they may tell their stories to their friends, and others will recite things like " I must become the best I can be." or "I don't want to be at the bottom." The needs of their family will be forgotten and they never seem to have time for the family. Many people have not experienced a strong helpful perfect family life, so they have never discovered its worth. Many people have always experienced family life as a flight, so they can't find time and energy for work. But it is really very important that we all expect good family relations. We need to realize and value the importance of what can be achieved by loving each other in the family. It is also important for our society to encourage family members to create happiness. What does the writer expect family life to be like?
A. Happy experience.
B. A strong society
C. Too much work
D. A flight
|
||
Among the soldiers of King Philip there was a poor man who had done some good deeds. He had pleased the king in many ways, and so the king believed in him. One day this soldier was on a ship at sea when a great storm came up. The winds drove the ship upon the rocks, and it was broken. The soldier was thrown upon the shore ; and he would have died there if it had not been for the kind care of a farmer who lived nearby. When the soldier was well enough to go home; he thanked the farmer for what he had done, and promised that he would repay him for his kindness. But he did not mean to keep his promise . He did not tell King Philip about the farmer. He only said that there was a fine farm by the seashore, and that he would like very much to have it for his own. "Who owns the farm now?" asked Philip. "Only a useless farmer, who has never done anything for his country," said the soldier. "Very well, then," said Philip "You have served me for a long time, and you shall have your wish. Go and take the farm for yourself." And so the soldier drove the farmer from his house and home. He took the farm for his own. The poor farmer was hurt seriously. He went ly to the king, and told the whole story from beginning to end. King Philip was very angry when he learned that. He sent for the soldier in a great hurry, and when he had come, he had these words burned in his forehead: "The Ungrateful Man". According to this story, the soldier _ .
|
[
"liked to do good deeds",
"was brave in the battle",
"satisfied the king once",
"did fishing for the king"
] | 2C
|
Among the soldiers of King Philip there was a poor man who had done some good deeds. He had pleased the king in many ways, and so the king believed in him. One day this soldier was on a ship at sea when a great storm came up. The winds drove the ship upon the rocks, and it was broken. The soldier was thrown upon the shore ; and he would have died there if it had not been for the kind care of a farmer who lived nearby. When the soldier was well enough to go home; he thanked the farmer for what he had done, and promised that he would repay him for his kindness. But he did not mean to keep his promise . He did not tell King Philip about the farmer. He only said that there was a fine farm by the seashore, and that he would like very much to have it for his own. "Who owns the farm now?" asked Philip. "Only a useless farmer, who has never done anything for his country," said the soldier. "Very well, then," said Philip "You have served me for a long time, and you shall have your wish. Go and take the farm for yourself." And so the soldier drove the farmer from his house and home. He took the farm for his own. The poor farmer was hurt seriously. He went ly to the king, and told the whole story from beginning to end. King Philip was very angry when he learned that. He sent for the soldier in a great hurry, and when he had come, he had these words burned in his forehead: "The Ungrateful Man". According to this story, the soldier _ .
A. liked to do good deeds
B. was brave in the battle
C. satisfied the king once
D. did fishing for the king
|
C. satisfied the king once
|
Retrieved:
##bibi - andrano to andriambavi - maitso ( who was a woman ) to andriam - bavi - nosy ), the last of whom terminated the monopoly by giving it to the people, declaring : " behold, i give you the sikidy, of which you may inquire what offerings you should present in order to obtain blessings ; and what expiation you should make so as to avert evils, when any are ill or under apprehension of some future calamity ". a mythic anecdote of ranakandriana says that two men observed him one day playing in the sand. in fact he was practicing a form of sikidy worked in sand called sikidy alanana. the two men seized him, and ranakandriana promised that he would teach them something if they released him. they agreed, and ranakandriana taught them in depth how to work the sikidy. the two men then went to their chief and told him that they could tell him " the past and the future — what was good and what was bad — what increased and what diminished. " the chief asked them to tell him how he could obtain plenty of cattle. the two men worked their sikidy and told the chief to kill all of his bulls, and that " great numbers would come to him " on the following friday. the chieftain, doubting, asked what would happen if their prediction didn't come true, and the two men promised they would pay with their lives. the chief agreed and killed his bulls. on thursday, thinking he'd been duped, he prematurely killed the first man of the two who'd told him about the divinatory art. on friday, however, " vast herds " came amidst heavy rain, actually filling an immense plain in their crowd. the chieftain lamented the mpisikidy's wrongful execution and ordered for him a pompous funeral. the chieftain took the second man as his close adviser and friend, and trusted the sikidy forever afterwards. the british missionary william ellis recorded in 1839 two idiomatic expressions used in madagascar that come from this story : " tsy mahandry andro zoma " ( lit.'he cannot wait'til friday') is said of someone extremely impatient, and heavy rainshowers falling in rapid succession are called " sese omby " ( lit.'a crowding together of cattle'). = = rites and practitioners = = the
Original Instruction:
Among the soldiers of King Philip there was a poor man who had done some good deeds. He had pleased the king in many ways, and so the king believed in him. One day this soldier was on a ship at sea when a great storm came up. The winds drove the ship upon the rocks, and it was broken. The soldier was thrown upon the shore ; and he would have died there if it had not been for the kind care of a farmer who lived nearby. When the soldier was well enough to go home; he thanked the farmer for what he had done, and promised that he would repay him for his kindness. But he did not mean to keep his promise . He did not tell King Philip about the farmer. He only said that there was a fine farm by the seashore, and that he would like very much to have it for his own. "Who owns the farm now?" asked Philip. "Only a useless farmer, who has never done anything for his country," said the soldier. "Very well, then," said Philip "You have served me for a long time, and you shall have your wish. Go and take the farm for yourself." And so the soldier drove the farmer from his house and home. He took the farm for his own. The poor farmer was hurt seriously. He went ly to the king, and told the whole story from beginning to end. King Philip was very angry when he learned that. He sent for the soldier in a great hurry, and when he had come, he had these words burned in his forehead: "The Ungrateful Man". According to this story, the soldier _ .
A. liked to do good deeds
B. was brave in the battle
C. satisfied the king once
D. did fishing for the king
|
||
Mark Twain's works are enjoyed worldwide. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he was born on November 30th, 1835, in the village of Florida, Monroe County, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, Twain was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. Later, Twain worked as a licensed Mississippi riverboat pilot, adopting his name from the call ('Mark twain!'--meaning by the mark of two fathoms) used when sounding river shallows. After the Civil War, Clemens brought an end to the steamboat traffic and moved to Virginia City. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when he signed a humorous travel account with his new name. In 1864, Twain went to San Francisco to work as a reporter. He traveled in France and Italy and his experience were recorded in 1869 in the Innocents Abroad, which brought him wide popularity, and made fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. Together they relocated to Harford a year later. Meanwhile, Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, including Tom Sawyer, the Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, and Huckleberry Finn. In the 1890s, Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm. The death of his wife and his second daughter brought a sense of gloom in the author's later years, which is seen in writings and his autobiography. Twain died on April 21st, 1910. Which of the following works made Mark Twain begin to be popular?
|
[
"Huckleberry Finn",
"The Prince and the Pauper",
"The Innocents Abroad",
"Life on the Mississippi"
] | 2C
|
Mark Twain's works are enjoyed worldwide. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he was born on November 30th, 1835, in the village of Florida, Monroe County, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, Twain was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. Later, Twain worked as a licensed Mississippi riverboat pilot, adopting his name from the call ('Mark twain!'--meaning by the mark of two fathoms) used when sounding river shallows. After the Civil War, Clemens brought an end to the steamboat traffic and moved to Virginia City. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when he signed a humorous travel account with his new name. In 1864, Twain went to San Francisco to work as a reporter. He traveled in France and Italy and his experience were recorded in 1869 in the Innocents Abroad, which brought him wide popularity, and made fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. Together they relocated to Harford a year later. Meanwhile, Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, including Tom Sawyer, the Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, and Huckleberry Finn. In the 1890s, Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm. The death of his wife and his second daughter brought a sense of gloom in the author's later years, which is seen in writings and his autobiography. Twain died on April 21st, 1910. Which of the following works made Mark Twain begin to be popular?
A. Huckleberry Finn
B. The Prince and the Pauper
C. The Innocents Abroad
D. Life on the Mississippi
|
C. The Innocents Abroad
|
Retrieved:
hereditary. surnames were created to fit the person, mostly from patronyms ( e. g., john, son of william, becomes john williamson ), occupational descriptions ( e. g., john carpenter ), character or traits ( e. g., john long ), or location ( e. g., john from acton became john acton ). names were not initially hereditary ; only by the mid - 14th century did they gradually become so. surnames relating to trades or craft were the first to become hereditary, as the craft often persisted within the family for generations. the appropriateness of occupational names has decreased over time, because tradesmen did not always follow their fathers : an early example from the 14th century is " roger carpenter the pepperer ". another aspect of naming was the importance attached to the wider meaning contained in a name. in 17th - century england it was believed that choosing a name for a child should be done carefully. children should live according to the message contained in, or the meaning of their names. in 1652, william jenkyn, an english clergyman, argued that first names should be " as a thread tyed about the finger to make us mindful of the errand we came into the world to do for our master ". in 1623, at a time when puritan names such as faith, fortitude and grace were appearing for the first time, the english historian william camden wrote that names should be chosen with " good and gracious significations ", as they might inspire the bearer to good actions. with the rise of the british empire, the english naming system and english surnames spread across large portions of the globe. by the beginning of the 20th century, smith and taylor were two of the three most frequently occurring english surnames ; both were occupational, though few smiths and tailors remained. when a correspondence between a name and an occupation did occur, it became worthy of note. in an 1888 issue of the kentish note book magazine, a list appeared with " several carriers by the name of carter ; a hosier named hosegood ; an auctioneer named sales ; and a draper named cuff ". since then, a variety of terms for the concept of a close relationship between name and occupation have emerged. the term aptronym is thought to have been coined in the early 20th century by the american newspaper columnist franklin p. adams. the linguist frank nuessel coined " aptonym ", without an'r ', in 1992. other synonyms include'eu
Original Instruction:
Mark Twain's works are enjoyed worldwide. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he was born on November 30th, 1835, in the village of Florida, Monroe County, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, Twain was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. Later, Twain worked as a licensed Mississippi riverboat pilot, adopting his name from the call ('Mark twain!'--meaning by the mark of two fathoms) used when sounding river shallows. After the Civil War, Clemens brought an end to the steamboat traffic and moved to Virginia City. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when he signed a humorous travel account with his new name. In 1864, Twain went to San Francisco to work as a reporter. He traveled in France and Italy and his experience were recorded in 1869 in the Innocents Abroad, which brought him wide popularity, and made fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. Together they relocated to Harford a year later. Meanwhile, Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, including Tom Sawyer, the Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, and Huckleberry Finn. In the 1890s, Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm. The death of his wife and his second daughter brought a sense of gloom in the author's later years, which is seen in writings and his autobiography. Twain died on April 21st, 1910. Which of the following works made Mark Twain begin to be popular?
A. Huckleberry Finn
B. The Prince and the Pauper
C. The Innocents Abroad
D. Life on the Mississippi
|
||
Teachers spend countless years trying to make history come alive for their students. But, prefix = st1 /USDirector Shawn Levy attempts to do this on film in the recently released Night at the Museum. The film is adapted from Milan Trenc's book of the same name. It brings to life a world where dinosaurs wander the earth, a former president rides again, warlike early Asians return, and cowboys and Roman soldiers seek to bring back their old goals. The familiar comedy star Ben Stiller acts as a luckless dreamer named Larry Daley. He takes a position as night watchman at the New York Museum of Natural History. On Larry's first night, he's left alone by the three aging guards he's replacing. They fail to inform him of the museum's rather unusual nightlife. Soon Larry finds himself chased down the hallways by the very lively skeleton of a dinosaur, in the middle of a confrontation with Asian warriors. He is caught in a territorial battle between a cowboy and a Roman general and meets face-to-face with former USpresident Teddy Roosevelt, played by Robin Williams. They are each from an exhibit that has come to life through the magic of a priceless Egyptian tablet. While the film fails to develop very much in some areas (for example, Larry's troubled relationship with a son), it does have enough special effects, and jokes to engage the audience. Bottom Line: Definitely not Oscar-worthy, but a great way to relax during a holiday. Which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"The film has the same name as the book.",
"Larry Daley is a character in the film.",
"Teddy Roosevelt was once a USpresident.",
"All magic Egyptian tablets are on exhibition."
] | 3D
|
Teachers spend countless years trying to make history come alive for their students. But, prefix = st1 /USDirector Shawn Levy attempts to do this on film in the recently released Night at the Museum. The film is adapted from Milan Trenc's book of the same name. It brings to life a world where dinosaurs wander the earth, a former president rides again, warlike early Asians return, and cowboys and Roman soldiers seek to bring back their old goals. The familiar comedy star Ben Stiller acts as a luckless dreamer named Larry Daley. He takes a position as night watchman at the New York Museum of Natural History. On Larry's first night, he's left alone by the three aging guards he's replacing. They fail to inform him of the museum's rather unusual nightlife. Soon Larry finds himself chased down the hallways by the very lively skeleton of a dinosaur, in the middle of a confrontation with Asian warriors. He is caught in a territorial battle between a cowboy and a Roman general and meets face-to-face with former USpresident Teddy Roosevelt, played by Robin Williams. They are each from an exhibit that has come to life through the magic of a priceless Egyptian tablet. While the film fails to develop very much in some areas (for example, Larry's troubled relationship with a son), it does have enough special effects, and jokes to engage the audience. Bottom Line: Definitely not Oscar-worthy, but a great way to relax during a holiday. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The film has the same name as the book.
B. Larry Daley is a character in the film.
C. Teddy Roosevelt was once a USpresident.
D. All magic Egyptian tablets are on exhibition.
|
D. All magic Egyptian tablets are on exhibition.
|
Retrieved:
corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles or characterizations of several protagonists. when a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of isla sorna, a secondary island where the animals were bred en masse and allowed to grow before being transported to the park, ian malcolm ( jeff goldblum ) is called in by john hammond ( richard attenborough ) to lead a team to document the island to turn it into a preserve, where the animals can roam free without interference from the outside world. malcolm agrees to go when he discovers his girlfriend, paleontologist sarah harding ( julianne moore ) is already on the island, while at the same time hammond's nephew, peter ludlow ( arliss howard ), has taken over his uncle's company and leads a team of hunters to capture the creatures and bring them back to a theme park in san diego. the two groups clash and are ultimately forced to work together to evade the predatory creatures and survive the second island. the film also stars pete postlethwaite, richard schiff, vince vaughn, vanessa lee chester, peter stormare, and a young camilla belle. = = = = jurassic park iii ( 2001 ) = = = = joe johnston had been interested in directing the sequel to jurassic park and approached his friend steven spielberg about the project. while spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, johnston could direct. spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by becoming its executive producer. production began on august 30, 2000, with filming in california, and the hawaiian islands of kauai, oahu, and molokai. it is the first jurassic park film not to be based on a novel, although it does incorporate some unused plot elements from the crichton novels, such as the river escape and the pterosaur aviary. jurassic park iii had a troubled production, and received mixed reviews from critics. when their son eric ( trevor morgan ) goes missing while parasailing at isla sorna, the kirbys ( william h. macy and tea leoni ) hire alan grant ( sam neill ) under false pretenses to help them navigate the island. believing it to be nothing more than sight - seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the safety of their plane, he is startled to find them landing on the ground, where they are stalked by a spinosaurus, which destroys their plane. as they search for the kirbys'son, the situation grows dire
Original Instruction:
Teachers spend countless years trying to make history come alive for their students. But, prefix = st1 /USDirector Shawn Levy attempts to do this on film in the recently released Night at the Museum. The film is adapted from Milan Trenc's book of the same name. It brings to life a world where dinosaurs wander the earth, a former president rides again, warlike early Asians return, and cowboys and Roman soldiers seek to bring back their old goals. The familiar comedy star Ben Stiller acts as a luckless dreamer named Larry Daley. He takes a position as night watchman at the New York Museum of Natural History. On Larry's first night, he's left alone by the three aging guards he's replacing. They fail to inform him of the museum's rather unusual nightlife. Soon Larry finds himself chased down the hallways by the very lively skeleton of a dinosaur, in the middle of a confrontation with Asian warriors. He is caught in a territorial battle between a cowboy and a Roman general and meets face-to-face with former USpresident Teddy Roosevelt, played by Robin Williams. They are each from an exhibit that has come to life through the magic of a priceless Egyptian tablet. While the film fails to develop very much in some areas (for example, Larry's troubled relationship with a son), it does have enough special effects, and jokes to engage the audience. Bottom Line: Definitely not Oscar-worthy, but a great way to relax during a holiday. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The film has the same name as the book.
B. Larry Daley is a character in the film.
C. Teddy Roosevelt was once a USpresident.
D. All magic Egyptian tablets are on exhibition.
|
||
"Last week was Road Safety Week at Jason's school. All the students had to take part in a talk on road safety which was given by a police officer. The following is what the police officer said. " "Most traffic accidents shouldn't happen. They happen because people are careless. A frequent cause of traffic accidents is speed. Some people drive too quickly. This means that if they have to stop suddenly, they cannot stop quickly enough to avoid hitting other vehicles or people. You need to remember this when you are crossing the street or walking along the sidewalk. " "It's not only drivers who cause accidents, however. People on foot-pedestrians, and bicycle riders often cause accidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street. " "Do any of you ride a bike? Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. Before you turn left, for example, you should check behind you to make sure there aren't any cars, trucks or buses coming. You should show with your left hand to tell that you want to turn left. You should not turn until the street is clear. " "The rules of the road are very simple. If we learn them and obey them, we should not have accidents any more. " Why do most traffic accidents happen?
|
[
"Because people stop their cars suddenly.",
"Because people don't know the rules.",
"Because people don't care if they have an accident.",
"Because people are careless."
] | 3D
|
"Last week was Road Safety Week at Jason's school. All the students had to take part in a talk on road safety which was given by a police officer. The following is what the police officer said. " "Most traffic accidents shouldn't happen. They happen because people are careless. A frequent cause of traffic accidents is speed. Some people drive too quickly. This means that if they have to stop suddenly, they cannot stop quickly enough to avoid hitting other vehicles or people. You need to remember this when you are crossing the street or walking along the sidewalk. " "It's not only drivers who cause accidents, however. People on foot-pedestrians, and bicycle riders often cause accidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street. " "Do any of you ride a bike? Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. Before you turn left, for example, you should check behind you to make sure there aren't any cars, trucks or buses coming. You should show with your left hand to tell that you want to turn left. You should not turn until the street is clear. " "The rules of the road are very simple. If we learn them and obey them, we should not have accidents any more. " Why do most traffic accidents happen?
A. Because people stop their cars suddenly.
B. Because people don't know the rules.
C. Because people don't care if they have an accident.
D. Because people are careless.
|
D. Because people are careless.
|
Retrieved:
driver behaviour might still be one way that collision risk per cyclist declines with greater numbers, the effect can be easily produced through simple spatial processes ( traffic design ) akin to the biological herding processes described above. without considering hypotheses 1 or 3, jacobsen concluded that " a motorist is less likely to collide with a person walking and bicycling if more people walk or bicycle. " he described this theory as " safety in numbers. " safety in numbers is also used to describe the evidence that the number of pedestrians or cyclists correlates inversely with the risk of a motorist colliding with a pedestrian or cyclist. this non - linear relationship was first shown at intersections. it has been confirmed by ecologic data from cities in california and denmark, and european countries, and time - series data for the united kingdom and the netherlands. the number of pedestrians or bicyclists injured increases at a slower rate than would be expected based on their numbers. that is, more people walk or cycle where the risk to the individual pedestrian or bicyclist is lower. a 2002 study into whether pedestrian risk decreased with pedestrian flow, using 1983 - 86 data from signalized intersections in a town in canada, found that in some circumstances pedestrian flow increased where the risk per pedestrian decreased. after cycling was promoted in finland, there was a 75 % drop in cyclists deaths and the number of trips increased by 72 %. in england, between 2000 and 2008, serious bicycle injuries declined by 12 %. over the same period, the number of bicycle trips made in london doubled. motor vehicle traffic decreased by 16 %, bicycle use increased by 28 % and cyclist injuries had decreased by 20 % in the first year of operation of the london congestion charge. in january 2008, the number of cyclists in london being treated in hospitals for serious injuries had increased by 100 % in six years. over the same time, they report, the number of cyclists had increased by 84 %. in york, comparing the periods 1991 - 93 and 1996 – 98, the number of bicyclists killed and seriously injured fell by 59 %. the share of trips made by bicycle rose from 15 % to 18 %. in germany, between 1975 and 2001, the total number of bicycle trips made in berlin almost quadrupled. between 1990 and 2007, the share of trips made by bicycle increased from 5 % to 10 %. between 1992 and 2006, the number of serious bicycle injuries declined by 38 %. in germany as a whole, between 1975 and 1998,
Original Instruction:
"Last week was Road Safety Week at Jason's school. All the students had to take part in a talk on road safety which was given by a police officer. The following is what the police officer said. " "Most traffic accidents shouldn't happen. They happen because people are careless. A frequent cause of traffic accidents is speed. Some people drive too quickly. This means that if they have to stop suddenly, they cannot stop quickly enough to avoid hitting other vehicles or people. You need to remember this when you are crossing the street or walking along the sidewalk. " "It's not only drivers who cause accidents, however. People on foot-pedestrians, and bicycle riders often cause accidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street. " "Do any of you ride a bike? Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. Before you turn left, for example, you should check behind you to make sure there aren't any cars, trucks or buses coming. You should show with your left hand to tell that you want to turn left. You should not turn until the street is clear. " "The rules of the road are very simple. If we learn them and obey them, we should not have accidents any more. " Why do most traffic accidents happen?
A. Because people stop their cars suddenly.
B. Because people don't know the rules.
C. Because people don't care if they have an accident.
D. Because people are careless.
|
||
I believe you can do your best. Not being the best but toughing the limits of what you're capable of. I gained this belief from my third grade teacher, the most special, honored, trustworthy, and loved person in my life. Mr. Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the belief that talking to eight-year-olds didn't mean he had to sacrifice proper statements or grammars. And he was demanding but he wasn't unreasonable or cruel. He simply felt that no matter what your best was, you should achieve it. As luck would have it, I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher. I was not, nor ever will be, gifted in math. I remember my struggles in class. "I don't know the answer," I would say, "I can't do it!" "Perhaps you don't know the answer," he would say quietly. "Do you think we might figure it out together? How do you know what you can do until you try?" Mr. Myrus lived around the corner, and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his garden. I knew there was someone who let me know that if I had really tried, that was enough. "Don't be so hard on yourself," he'd say. "Stop blaming yourself. Did you try your best? Well, then you're not a failure," he often told me these words. Mr. Myrus died in 1978. I had never thought about his death. He was too young. I felt sorry. But when I think about him now, I don't feel so sorry. He taught me to be kind, not only to others, but to myself. He taught me my own value. He taught me about honor, about truth, and about doing my best--and that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect. And of all the things I know, this I believe: We can't all be "the best", but we can, each of us, be our best, and I know that's true because Mr. Myrus told me that. The author thought he was a lucky dog because _ .
|
[
"he had got a great belief from his teacher",
"Mr. Myrus had taught him for eight years",
"Mr. Myrus became his teacher a second time",
"he developed a good relationship with Mr. Myrus"
] | 2C
|
I believe you can do your best. Not being the best but toughing the limits of what you're capable of. I gained this belief from my third grade teacher, the most special, honored, trustworthy, and loved person in my life. Mr. Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the belief that talking to eight-year-olds didn't mean he had to sacrifice proper statements or grammars. And he was demanding but he wasn't unreasonable or cruel. He simply felt that no matter what your best was, you should achieve it. As luck would have it, I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher. I was not, nor ever will be, gifted in math. I remember my struggles in class. "I don't know the answer," I would say, "I can't do it!" "Perhaps you don't know the answer," he would say quietly. "Do you think we might figure it out together? How do you know what you can do until you try?" Mr. Myrus lived around the corner, and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his garden. I knew there was someone who let me know that if I had really tried, that was enough. "Don't be so hard on yourself," he'd say. "Stop blaming yourself. Did you try your best? Well, then you're not a failure," he often told me these words. Mr. Myrus died in 1978. I had never thought about his death. He was too young. I felt sorry. But when I think about him now, I don't feel so sorry. He taught me to be kind, not only to others, but to myself. He taught me my own value. He taught me about honor, about truth, and about doing my best--and that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect. And of all the things I know, this I believe: We can't all be "the best", but we can, each of us, be our best, and I know that's true because Mr. Myrus told me that. The author thought he was a lucky dog because _ .
A. he had got a great belief from his teacher
B. Mr. Myrus had taught him for eight years
C. Mr. Myrus became his teacher a second time
D. he developed a good relationship with Mr. Myrus
|
C. Mr. Myrus became his teacher a second time
|
Retrieved:
how to solve it ( 1945 ) is a small volume by mathematician george polya, describing methods of problem solving. this book has remained in print continually since 1945. = = four principles = = how to solve it suggests the following steps when solving a mathematical problem : first, you have to understand the problem. after understanding, make a plan. carry out the plan. look back on your work. how could it be better? if this technique fails, polya advises : " if you cannot solve the proposed problem, try to solve first some related problem. could you imagine a more accessible related problem? " = = = first principle : understand the problem = = = " understand the problem " is often neglected as being obvious and is not even mentioned in many mathematics classes. yet students are often stymied in their efforts to solve it, simply because they don't understand it fully, or even in part. in order to remedy this oversight, polya taught teachers how to prompt each student with appropriate questions, depending on the situation, such as : what are you asked to find or show? can you restate the problem in your own words? can you think of a picture or a diagram that might help you understand the problem? is there enough information to enable you to find a solution? do you understand all the words used in stating the problem? do you need to ask a question to get the answer? the teacher is to select the question with the appropriate level of difficulty for each student to ascertain if each student understands at their own level, moving up or down the list to prompt each student, until each one can respond with something constructive. = = = second principle : devise a plan = = = polya mentions that there are many reasonable ways to solve problems. the skill at choosing an appropriate strategy is best learned by solving many problems. you will find choosing a strategy increasingly easy. a partial list of strategies is included : guess and check make an orderly list eliminate possibilities use symmetry consider special cases use direct reasoning solve an equation also suggested : look for a pattern draw a picture solve a simpler problem use a model work backward use a formula be creative applying these rules to devise a plan takes your own skill and judgement. polya lays a big emphasis on the teachers'behavior. a teacher should support students with devising their own plan with a question method that goes from the most general questions to more particular questions, with the goal that the last step to having a plan is made by the student. he maintains that just
Original Instruction:
I believe you can do your best. Not being the best but toughing the limits of what you're capable of. I gained this belief from my third grade teacher, the most special, honored, trustworthy, and loved person in my life. Mr. Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the belief that talking to eight-year-olds didn't mean he had to sacrifice proper statements or grammars. And he was demanding but he wasn't unreasonable or cruel. He simply felt that no matter what your best was, you should achieve it. As luck would have it, I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher. I was not, nor ever will be, gifted in math. I remember my struggles in class. "I don't know the answer," I would say, "I can't do it!" "Perhaps you don't know the answer," he would say quietly. "Do you think we might figure it out together? How do you know what you can do until you try?" Mr. Myrus lived around the corner, and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his garden. I knew there was someone who let me know that if I had really tried, that was enough. "Don't be so hard on yourself," he'd say. "Stop blaming yourself. Did you try your best? Well, then you're not a failure," he often told me these words. Mr. Myrus died in 1978. I had never thought about his death. He was too young. I felt sorry. But when I think about him now, I don't feel so sorry. He taught me to be kind, not only to others, but to myself. He taught me my own value. He taught me about honor, about truth, and about doing my best--and that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect. And of all the things I know, this I believe: We can't all be "the best", but we can, each of us, be our best, and I know that's true because Mr. Myrus told me that. The author thought he was a lucky dog because _ .
A. he had got a great belief from his teacher
B. Mr. Myrus had taught him for eight years
C. Mr. Myrus became his teacher a second time
D. he developed a good relationship with Mr. Myrus
|
||
TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level.Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables.Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered. But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea.Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years.Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050.A century ago, St.Mark's Square, the lowest point city, flooded about nine times a year.Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times.While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, global warming causes Tuvalu's rising sea level. The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years. Warmer weather makes glaciers melt, and adds more water to the ocean.The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise.The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years. The main cause of global warming is human pollution.Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer. Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes.The sea level could rise by one meter this century. Should this come true, the sea would swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with "climate refugees" looking for somewhere to live. Which of the following is False according to the passage?
|
[
"The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years for warmer temperatures.",
"The average global temperature has risen by 1-3 centigrade degrees over the past 100 years.",
"The warmer temperature causes the sea level to rise.",
"There will be huge climate changes unless the warming is stopped."
] | 1B
|
TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level.Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables.Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered. But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea.Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years.Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050.A century ago, St.Mark's Square, the lowest point city, flooded about nine times a year.Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times.While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, global warming causes Tuvalu's rising sea level. The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years. Warmer weather makes glaciers melt, and adds more water to the ocean.The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise.The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years. The main cause of global warming is human pollution.Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer. Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes.The sea level could rise by one meter this century. Should this come true, the sea would swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with "climate refugees" looking for somewhere to live. Which of the following is False according to the passage?
A. The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years for warmer temperatures.
B. The average global temperature has risen by 1-3 centigrade degrees over the past 100 years.
C. The warmer temperature causes the sea level to rise.
D. There will be huge climate changes unless the warming is stopped.
|
B. The average global temperature has risen by 1-3 centigrade degrees over the past 100 years.
|
Retrieved:
storm surges, king tides, and increased vulnerability to tsunamis. there are many knock - on effects. they lead to loss of coastal ecosystems like mangroves. crop yields may reduce because of increasing salt levels in irrigation water. damage to ports disrupts sea trade. the sea level rise projected by 2050 will expose places currently inhabited by tens of millions of people to annual flooding. without a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, this may increase to hundreds of millions in the latter decades of the century. local factors like tidal range or land subsidence will greatly affect the severity of impacts. for instance, sea level rise in the united states is likely to be two to three times greater than the global average by the end of the century. yet, of the 20 countries with the greatest exposure to sea level rise, twelve are in asia, including indonesia, bangladesh and the philippines. the resilience and adaptive capacity of ecosystems and countries also varies, which will result in more or less pronounced impacts. the greatest impact on human populations in the near term will occur in low - lying caribbean and pacific islands including atolls. sea level rise will make many of them uninhabitable later this century. societies can adapt to sea level rise in multiple ways. managed retreat, accommodating coastal change, or protecting against sea level rise through hard - construction practices like seawalls are hard approaches. there are also soft approaches such as dune rehabilitation and beach nourishment. sometimes these adaptation strategies go hand in hand. at other times choices must be made among different strategies. poorer nations may also struggle to implement the same approaches to adapt to sea level rise as richer states. = = observations = = between 1901 and 2018, the global mean sea level rose by about 20 cm ( 7. 9 in ). more precise data gathered from satellite radar measurements found an increase of 7. 5 cm ( 3. 0 in ) from 1993 to 2017 ( average of 2. 9 mm ( 0. 11 in ) / yr ). this accelerated to 4. 62 mm ( 0. 182 in ) / yr for 2013 – 2022. paleoclimate data shows that this rate of sea level rise is the fastest it had been over at least the past 3, 000 years. : 1216 while sea level rise is uniform around the globe, some land masses are moving up or down as a consequence of subsidence ( land sinking or settling ) or post - glacial rebound ( land rising as melting ice reduces weight ). therefore, local
Original Instruction:
TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level.Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables.Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered. But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea.Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years.Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050.A century ago, St.Mark's Square, the lowest point city, flooded about nine times a year.Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times.While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, global warming causes Tuvalu's rising sea level. The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years. Warmer weather makes glaciers melt, and adds more water to the ocean.The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise.The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years. The main cause of global warming is human pollution.Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer. Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes.The sea level could rise by one meter this century. Should this come true, the sea would swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with "climate refugees" looking for somewhere to live. Which of the following is False according to the passage?
A. The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years for warmer temperatures.
B. The average global temperature has risen by 1-3 centigrade degrees over the past 100 years.
C. The warmer temperature causes the sea level to rise.
D. There will be huge climate changes unless the warming is stopped.
|
||
One day a tiger caught a fox in the forest . Before the tiger eat him , the fox said, "You can't eat me, I'm king of the forest. If you eat me , all the other animals in the forest will be angry with you." The tiger didn't believe him. The fox said, "If you don't believe me, then take a walk with me in the forest. You can see whether they are afraid of me." The tiger thought it was a good idea, so they started together. The fox walked in front and the tiger went behind. When the other animals saw the tiger coming, they ran away as fast as they could. The fox called out, " Mr Tiger, you see, all the animals are afraid of me." The tiger said, "Yes, you are quite right." He let the fox go . The fox walked _ the tiger.
|
[
"in front of",
"in the middle of",
"behind",
"beside"
] | 0A
|
One day a tiger caught a fox in the forest . Before the tiger eat him , the fox said, "You can't eat me, I'm king of the forest. If you eat me , all the other animals in the forest will be angry with you." The tiger didn't believe him. The fox said, "If you don't believe me, then take a walk with me in the forest. You can see whether they are afraid of me." The tiger thought it was a good idea, so they started together. The fox walked in front and the tiger went behind. When the other animals saw the tiger coming, they ran away as fast as they could. The fox called out, " Mr Tiger, you see, all the animals are afraid of me." The tiger said, "Yes, you are quite right." He let the fox go . The fox walked _ the tiger.
A. in front of
B. in the middle of
C. behind
D. beside
|
A. in front of
|
Retrieved:
##ou and deer will flee, but sometimes deer also make a stand. if the targeted animal stands its ground, wolves either ignore it or try to intimidate it into running. wolves, or even a wolf on its own, will attempt to frighten a herd into panicking and dispersing. when wolves encounter prey that flees, they give chase. the speed of sprinting prey is closely related to the speed of their main predators. wolves can run at 56 – 64 km / h ( 35 – 40 mph ) across several kilometers and will often pursue prey for at least 1 km ( 0. 62 mi ). one wolf chased a caribou for 8 km ( 5 mi ), another chased and tracked a deer for 20 km ( 12 mi ), and one 11 - year - old wolf chased and caught an arctic hare after seven minutes. most wolf prey will try to run to water, where they will either escape or be better placed to attempt to ward off the wolves. = = = disablement = = = the wolf must give chase and gain on its fleeing prey, slow it down by biting through thick hair and hide, and then disable it enough to begin feeding. after chasing and then confronting a large prey animal, the wolf makes use of its 6 cm ( 2 + 1⁄2 in ) fangs and its powerful masseter muscles to deliver a bite force of 28 kg / cm2 ( 400 lbf / in2 ), which is capable of breaking open the skulls of many of its prey animals. the wolf leaps at its quarry and tears at it. one wolf was observed being dragged for dozens of meters attached to the hind leg of a moose ; another was seen being dragged over a fallen log while attached to a bull elk's nose. the most common point of wolf attacks on moose is the upper hind legs. hind leg wounds are inflicted from the rear, midway up the hock with the canine teeth. these leave gaping skin perforations over 4 cm ( 1 + 1⁄2 in ) in diameter. although blood loss, muscle damage, and tendon exposure may occur, there is no evidence of hamstringing. attacks also occur on the fleshy nose, the back and sides of the neck, the ears, and the perineum. wolves may wound large prey and then lie around resting for hours before killing it when it is weaker due to blood loss, thereby lessening the risk of injury to themselves. with medium - sized prey, such as roe deer or sheep, wolves kill
Original Instruction:
One day a tiger caught a fox in the forest . Before the tiger eat him , the fox said, "You can't eat me, I'm king of the forest. If you eat me , all the other animals in the forest will be angry with you." The tiger didn't believe him. The fox said, "If you don't believe me, then take a walk with me in the forest. You can see whether they are afraid of me." The tiger thought it was a good idea, so they started together. The fox walked in front and the tiger went behind. When the other animals saw the tiger coming, they ran away as fast as they could. The fox called out, " Mr Tiger, you see, all the animals are afraid of me." The tiger said, "Yes, you are quite right." He let the fox go . The fox walked _ the tiger.
A. in front of
B. in the middle of
C. behind
D. beside
|
||
Do Americans have morals ? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans back to traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U.S. Secretary of Education, edited the Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can build character. The success of Bennett ' s book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values. But what are they? One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree tells this value clearly. Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new axe. When his father asked him about it, George said honestly, "I can not tell a lie. I did it with my axe." Instead of punishment, George received his father's praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-can offend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy." Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable( )about the rabbit and the turtle that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he didn't give up. Sympathy may be the queen of American virtues. The story of "The Good Samaritan" from the Bible describes a man who showed sympathy. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. In no way can these brief descriptions cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Responsibility, loyalty, courage, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett's bestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only covered the surface. But no matter how long or short the list is, moral values are invaluable, they are the foundation of American culture-and any culture. When you break a vase at home, will you tell your parents according to American morals?
|
[
"Yes, because parents won't beat children.",
"Yes, because honesty is more important than offense.",
"No, because parents will feel hurt.",
"No, because it is not an important matter."
] | 1B
|
Do Americans have morals ? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans back to traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U.S. Secretary of Education, edited the Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can build character. The success of Bennett ' s book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values. But what are they? One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree tells this value clearly. Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new axe. When his father asked him about it, George said honestly, "I can not tell a lie. I did it with my axe." Instead of punishment, George received his father's praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-can offend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy." Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable( )about the rabbit and the turtle that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he didn't give up. Sympathy may be the queen of American virtues. The story of "The Good Samaritan" from the Bible describes a man who showed sympathy. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. In no way can these brief descriptions cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Responsibility, loyalty, courage, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett's bestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only covered the surface. But no matter how long or short the list is, moral values are invaluable, they are the foundation of American culture-and any culture. When you break a vase at home, will you tell your parents according to American morals?
A. Yes, because parents won't beat children.
B. Yes, because honesty is more important than offense.
C. No, because parents will feel hurt.
D. No, because it is not an important matter.
|
B. Yes, because honesty is more important than offense.
|
Retrieved:
motivations originate in their “ moral identity, ” or the extent to which they perceive themselves as moral individuals. however, other researchers believe that this view is limited because it does not account for more collectivistic cultures than individualistic in their societal values. additionally, “ concepts of justice, fairness, and harm to individuals ” are emphasized as core elements of morality in western cultures, whereas “ concepts of interdependence, social harmony, and the role of cultural socialization ” are emphasized as core elements of morality in eastern cultures. studies show that people in taiwan focused on ethics of community, where people in the united states focused on ethics of autonomy. additionally, in an analysis on moral development in adolescents, hart and carlo mention that a study found that most ( nearly ¾ ) american adults held negative views of adolescents. this study mentions that the terms used by these adults “ suggested moral shortcomings ”, and that only 15 % of the adults described adolescents positively. additionally, the survey results show that the adults believe that adolescent ’ s biggest problem is the failure to learn and incorporate moral values in life. although this perceived shortcoming and the implications on society are inaccurate, the perception has made research on moral development more common. another study in the analysis suggests that those engaging in prosocial behavior as adults were more likely to have engaged in the same behaviors in adolescence. this analysis suggests that one notable aspect found in western cultures is the impact peers have on moral development in adolescence, compared to childhood. additionally, adolescents tend to experience a lot of outside influence to their moral development compared to in childhood, when parental figures make up the majority of moral exemplars. however, adolescence and childhood lack a distinct separation in stages of moral development, rather adolescence is when moral skills learned in childhood fully develop and become more refined than previously seen. = = = cross - cultural ethical principles = = = some researchers have developed three categories for understanding ethical principles found cross - culturally : ethics of autonomy, ethics of community, and ethics of divinity. ethics of autonomy ( rights, freedom, justice ), which are usually emphasized in individualistic / western cultures, are centered on protecting and promoting individuals ’ ability to make decisions based on their personal preferences. ethics of community ( duty, interdependence, and roles ), which are usually more emphasized by collectivistic / eastern cultures ( and often corporations ), aim to protect the integrity of a given group, such as a family or community. ethics of divinity ( natural order, tradition, purity ) aim
Original Instruction:
Do Americans have morals ? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans back to traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U.S. Secretary of Education, edited the Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can build character. The success of Bennett ' s book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values. But what are they? One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree tells this value clearly. Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new axe. When his father asked him about it, George said honestly, "I can not tell a lie. I did it with my axe." Instead of punishment, George received his father's praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-can offend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy." Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable( )about the rabbit and the turtle that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he didn't give up. Sympathy may be the queen of American virtues. The story of "The Good Samaritan" from the Bible describes a man who showed sympathy. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. In no way can these brief descriptions cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Responsibility, loyalty, courage, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett's bestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only covered the surface. But no matter how long or short the list is, moral values are invaluable, they are the foundation of American culture-and any culture. When you break a vase at home, will you tell your parents according to American morals?
A. Yes, because parents won't beat children.
B. Yes, because honesty is more important than offense.
C. No, because parents will feel hurt.
D. No, because it is not an important matter.
|
||
The Most Scenic Drives in America Price: $25.00 Description: This book includes 120 easytofollow maps, 400 breathtaking photos, fascinating facts, tips, suggested side trips and much more. What Works What Doesn't: The Bottom Line on Everything Health Price:$31.96 Description: Now, with What Works What Doesn't, you can stop wasting time and money on products, treatments and approaches that don't work, and start getting real results from strategies that do. Strange Stories, Amazing Facts of America's Past Price: $34.96 Description: If you ever thought history was dull and our forefathers stodgy, here is a book to change your mind.This is America at its most fascinating--more than 600 true stories as gripping as a whodunit, as fast paced as a spy chase, as atmospheric as a historical novel--guaranteed to give many hours of reading pleasure. How To Write Your Life Story Price: $26.95 Description: Discover how easy it is to write your own life story! This fascinating and practical guide leads you through the process of creating your own personal memoir. Plus, find out how to use photos and other mementos to add even more meaning to your story. Disease Free Price: $31.96 Description:Stop Disease Before it Starts. Doctors estimate that at least 60% of chronic disease cases could be avoided entirely, and Disease Free shows you how. Detailed prevention plans for more than 90 conditions help you sidestep everything from heartburn to high blood pressure, colds to cancer. Complete Guitar Course Price:$30.00 Description: Learn to play in 20 easytofollow lessons! This deluxe handbook is packed with everything you need to learn from choosing the right guitar for you, to basic fingering, chords, and techniques. Handsomely designed in full color1 and jammed with practical tips, this comprehensive course will have you making beautiful music in no time at all! Care Free Plants Price:$34.96 Description: This book reveals the secret to great gardening: working smarter, not harder. Discover how you can spend less effort, save money, and still end up with more time to enjoy your beautiful garden. With this book in hand, the dream is within easy reach. If Tom has less than 30 dollars, he can buy _ .
|
[
"The Most Scenic Drives in America or How To Write Your Life Story book.",
"How To Write Your Life Story or Complete Guitar Course book.",
"The Most Scenic Drives in America book only.",
"Complete Guitar Course book."
] | 0A
|
The Most Scenic Drives in America Price: $25.00 Description: This book includes 120 easytofollow maps, 400 breathtaking photos, fascinating facts, tips, suggested side trips and much more. What Works What Doesn't: The Bottom Line on Everything Health Price:$31.96 Description: Now, with What Works What Doesn't, you can stop wasting time and money on products, treatments and approaches that don't work, and start getting real results from strategies that do. Strange Stories, Amazing Facts of America's Past Price: $34.96 Description: If you ever thought history was dull and our forefathers stodgy, here is a book to change your mind.This is America at its most fascinating--more than 600 true stories as gripping as a whodunit, as fast paced as a spy chase, as atmospheric as a historical novel--guaranteed to give many hours of reading pleasure. How To Write Your Life Story Price: $26.95 Description: Discover how easy it is to write your own life story! This fascinating and practical guide leads you through the process of creating your own personal memoir. Plus, find out how to use photos and other mementos to add even more meaning to your story. Disease Free Price: $31.96 Description:Stop Disease Before it Starts. Doctors estimate that at least 60% of chronic disease cases could be avoided entirely, and Disease Free shows you how. Detailed prevention plans for more than 90 conditions help you sidestep everything from heartburn to high blood pressure, colds to cancer. Complete Guitar Course Price:$30.00 Description: Learn to play in 20 easytofollow lessons! This deluxe handbook is packed with everything you need to learn from choosing the right guitar for you, to basic fingering, chords, and techniques. Handsomely designed in full color1 and jammed with practical tips, this comprehensive course will have you making beautiful music in no time at all! Care Free Plants Price:$34.96 Description: This book reveals the secret to great gardening: working smarter, not harder. Discover how you can spend less effort, save money, and still end up with more time to enjoy your beautiful garden. With this book in hand, the dream is within easy reach. If Tom has less than 30 dollars, he can buy _ .
A. The Most Scenic Drives in America or How To Write Your Life Story book.
B. How To Write Your Life Story or Complete Guitar Course book.
C. The Most Scenic Drives in America book only.
D. Complete Guitar Course book.
|
A. The Most Scenic Drives in America or How To Write Your Life Story book.
|
Retrieved:
poisonous snakes and alligators. though at first crops sprouted quickly and lushly, they just as quickly wilted and died, seemingly without reason. it was discovered later that the peat and muck lacked copper and other trace elements. the usda released a pamphlet in 1915 that declared land along the new river canal would be too costly to keep drained and fertilized ; people in ft. lauderdale responded by collecting all of the pamphlets and burning them. with the increasing population in towns near the everglades came hunting opportunities. even decades earlier, harriet beecher stowe had been horrified at the hunting by visitors, and she wrote the first conservation publication for florida in 1877 : " [ t ] he decks of boats are crowded with men, whose only feeling amid our magnificent forests, seems to be a wild desire to shoot something and who fire at every living thing on shore. " otters and raccoons were the most widely hunted for their skins. otter pelts could fetch between $ 8 and $ 15 each. raccoons, more plentiful, only warranted 75 cents each in 1915 ( $ 23. 31 in 2024 ). hunting often went unchecked ; on a single trip, one lake okeechobee hunter killed 250 alligators and 172 otters. wading birds were a particular target. their feathers were used in women's hats from the late 19th century until the 1920s. in 1886, five million birds were estimated to have been killed for their feathers. they were usually shot in the spring, when their feathers were colored for mating and nesting. aigrettes, as the plumes were called in the millinery business, sold in 1915 for $ 32 an ounce, also the price of gold. millinery was a $ 17 - million - a - year industry that motivated plume harvesters to lie in wait at the nests of egrets and other large birds during the nesting season, shoot the parents with small - bore rifles, and leave the chicks to starve. many hunters refused to participate after watching the gruesome results of a plume hunt. still, plumes from everglades wading birds could be found in havana, new york city, london, and paris. a dealer in new york paid at least 60 hunters to provide him with " almost anything that wore feathers, but particularly the herons, spoonbills, and showy birds ". hunters could collect plumes from a hundred birds on a good day. plume harvesting became a dangerous business. the audu
Original Instruction:
The Most Scenic Drives in America Price: $25.00 Description: This book includes 120 easytofollow maps, 400 breathtaking photos, fascinating facts, tips, suggested side trips and much more. What Works What Doesn't: The Bottom Line on Everything Health Price:$31.96 Description: Now, with What Works What Doesn't, you can stop wasting time and money on products, treatments and approaches that don't work, and start getting real results from strategies that do. Strange Stories, Amazing Facts of America's Past Price: $34.96 Description: If you ever thought history was dull and our forefathers stodgy, here is a book to change your mind.This is America at its most fascinating--more than 600 true stories as gripping as a whodunit, as fast paced as a spy chase, as atmospheric as a historical novel--guaranteed to give many hours of reading pleasure. How To Write Your Life Story Price: $26.95 Description: Discover how easy it is to write your own life story! This fascinating and practical guide leads you through the process of creating your own personal memoir. Plus, find out how to use photos and other mementos to add even more meaning to your story. Disease Free Price: $31.96 Description:Stop Disease Before it Starts. Doctors estimate that at least 60% of chronic disease cases could be avoided entirely, and Disease Free shows you how. Detailed prevention plans for more than 90 conditions help you sidestep everything from heartburn to high blood pressure, colds to cancer. Complete Guitar Course Price:$30.00 Description: Learn to play in 20 easytofollow lessons! This deluxe handbook is packed with everything you need to learn from choosing the right guitar for you, to basic fingering, chords, and techniques. Handsomely designed in full color1 and jammed with practical tips, this comprehensive course will have you making beautiful music in no time at all! Care Free Plants Price:$34.96 Description: This book reveals the secret to great gardening: working smarter, not harder. Discover how you can spend less effort, save money, and still end up with more time to enjoy your beautiful garden. With this book in hand, the dream is within easy reach. If Tom has less than 30 dollars, he can buy _ .
A. The Most Scenic Drives in America or How To Write Your Life Story book.
B. How To Write Your Life Story or Complete Guitar Course book.
C. The Most Scenic Drives in America book only.
D. Complete Guitar Course book.
|
||
Jack's mother is ill. His father goes to New York and the boy has to look after her. He gets up early this morning, cooks breakfast for his sister and gives his mother some medicine and water and then goes to school. On the way to school, Jack meets Bob, one of his friends. Bob asks, "Are you late this morning, too?" "Yes, I am." "I'm sure Mr. Brown will be angry at us," says Bob, "We can't go to school." "Where are we going, then?" "To the zoo. There are many monkeys in it. We'll have a good time there." "We can't do that," says Jack, "or we'll fall behind our classmates. Mr. Brown is good. He wants us to be good, too." Bob thinks Jack is right and they go to school. Jack is late for school because _ .
|
[
"he gets up late.",
"he goes to the zoo.",
"he meets Bob.",
"he looks after his mother and sister."
] | 3D
|
Jack's mother is ill. His father goes to New York and the boy has to look after her. He gets up early this morning, cooks breakfast for his sister and gives his mother some medicine and water and then goes to school. On the way to school, Jack meets Bob, one of his friends. Bob asks, "Are you late this morning, too?" "Yes, I am." "I'm sure Mr. Brown will be angry at us," says Bob, "We can't go to school." "Where are we going, then?" "To the zoo. There are many monkeys in it. We'll have a good time there." "We can't do that," says Jack, "or we'll fall behind our classmates. Mr. Brown is good. He wants us to be good, too." Bob thinks Jack is right and they go to school. Jack is late for school because _ .
A. he gets up late.
B. he goes to the zoo.
C. he meets Bob.
D. he looks after his mother and sister.
|
D. he looks after his mother and sister.
|
Retrieved:
see also = = theory of humor world's funniest joke # other findings = = further reading = = " computational humor ", by binsted, k. ; nijholt, a. ; stock, o. ; strapparava, c. ; ritchie, g. ; manurung, r. ; pain, h. ; waller, a. ; oapos ; mara, d., ieee intelligent systems volume 21, issue 2, 2006, pp. 59 – 69 doi : 10. 1109 / mis. 2006. 22 o. stock, c. strapparava & a. nijholt ( eds. ) " the april fools'day workshop on computational humour. " proc. twente workshop on language technology 20 ( twlt20 ), issn 0929 - 0672, itc - irst, trento, italy, april 2002, 146 pp = = references = =
Original Instruction:
Jack's mother is ill. His father goes to New York and the boy has to look after her. He gets up early this morning, cooks breakfast for his sister and gives his mother some medicine and water and then goes to school. On the way to school, Jack meets Bob, one of his friends. Bob asks, "Are you late this morning, too?" "Yes, I am." "I'm sure Mr. Brown will be angry at us," says Bob, "We can't go to school." "Where are we going, then?" "To the zoo. There are many monkeys in it. We'll have a good time there." "We can't do that," says Jack, "or we'll fall behind our classmates. Mr. Brown is good. He wants us to be good, too." Bob thinks Jack is right and they go to school. Jack is late for school because _ .
A. he gets up late.
B. he goes to the zoo.
C. he meets Bob.
D. he looks after his mother and sister.
|
||
Single people, especially women, are stigmatized in our society: We're all familiar with the image of a sad, lonely woman eating ice cream with her cats in her pajamas on Saturday night. But about 45 percent of US adults aren't married and around one in seven lives alone. This might be you. Research shows that young people's expectations about their marital status (e.g. the desire to be married by 30 and have kids by 32) have little or no relationship to what actually happens to people. So, go with the flow. And, if you're single, you're in good company. Single people spend more time with friends, volunteer more, and are more involved in their communities than married people. Never-married and divorced women are happier, on average, than married women. So, don't buy into the myth of the miserable singleton. If you do get married, keep going with the flow. Relationship satisfaction, financial security, and happy kids are more strongly related to flexibility in the face of life's challenges than any particular way of organizing families. The most functional families are ones that can bend. So partnering with someone who thinks that one partner should support their families and the other should take responsibility for the house and children is a recipe for disaster. So is being equally rigid about non-traditional divisions of labor. It's okay to have ideas about how to organize your family but your best bet for happiness is to be flexible. Buying a home is often taken for granted as a stage on the path to adulthood. But the ideal of universal home ownership was born in the 1950s. It's a rather new idea.With such a short history, it's funny that people often insist that buying a house is a fool-proof investment and the best way to secure retirement. In fact, buying a house may not be the best choice for you. The mortgage may be less than rent, but there are also taxes, insurance, and the increasingly common Home Owners Association (HOA) fees. You may someday sell the house for more than you bought it but, if you paid interest on a mortgage, you also paid far more than the sale price. You have freedom from a landlord, but may discover your HOA is just as controlling, or worse. And then there's the headache: renting relieves you from the stress of being responsible for repairs. It also offers a freedom of movement that you might cherish. So be wise and consider all your options. The passage mainly tells us _ .
|
[
"how to have a happy family",
"what's the life of American youth",
"what American youth should know for living a happy life",
"why American youth should be wise when making decisions"
] | 2C
|
Single people, especially women, are stigmatized in our society: We're all familiar with the image of a sad, lonely woman eating ice cream with her cats in her pajamas on Saturday night. But about 45 percent of US adults aren't married and around one in seven lives alone. This might be you. Research shows that young people's expectations about their marital status (e.g. the desire to be married by 30 and have kids by 32) have little or no relationship to what actually happens to people. So, go with the flow. And, if you're single, you're in good company. Single people spend more time with friends, volunteer more, and are more involved in their communities than married people. Never-married and divorced women are happier, on average, than married women. So, don't buy into the myth of the miserable singleton. If you do get married, keep going with the flow. Relationship satisfaction, financial security, and happy kids are more strongly related to flexibility in the face of life's challenges than any particular way of organizing families. The most functional families are ones that can bend. So partnering with someone who thinks that one partner should support their families and the other should take responsibility for the house and children is a recipe for disaster. So is being equally rigid about non-traditional divisions of labor. It's okay to have ideas about how to organize your family but your best bet for happiness is to be flexible. Buying a home is often taken for granted as a stage on the path to adulthood. But the ideal of universal home ownership was born in the 1950s. It's a rather new idea.With such a short history, it's funny that people often insist that buying a house is a fool-proof investment and the best way to secure retirement. In fact, buying a house may not be the best choice for you. The mortgage may be less than rent, but there are also taxes, insurance, and the increasingly common Home Owners Association (HOA) fees. You may someday sell the house for more than you bought it but, if you paid interest on a mortgage, you also paid far more than the sale price. You have freedom from a landlord, but may discover your HOA is just as controlling, or worse. And then there's the headache: renting relieves you from the stress of being responsible for repairs. It also offers a freedom of movement that you might cherish. So be wise and consider all your options. The passage mainly tells us _ .
A. how to have a happy family
B. what's the life of American youth
C. what American youth should know for living a happy life
D. why American youth should be wise when making decisions
|
C. what American youth should know for living a happy life
|
Retrieved:
complexity of the situation and not dwelling on the negative aspects may actually assist a young adult's adjustment, as well as their success in their own romantic relationships. despite the increasing need for autonomy that emerging adults experience, there is also a continuing need for support from parents, although this need is often different and less dependent than that of children and earlier adolescents. many people over the age of 18 still require financial support in order to further their education and career, despite an otherwise independent lifestyle. furthermore, emotional support remains important during this transition period. parental engagement with low marital conflict results in better adjustment for college students. this balance of autonomy and dependency may seem contradictory, but relinquishing control while providing necessary support may strengthen the bond between parents and offspring and may even provide space for children to be viewed as sources of support. parental support may come in the form of co - residence, which has varied effects on an emerging adult's adjustment. the proportion of young adults living with their parents has steadily increased in recent years, largely due to financial strain, difficulty finding employment, and the necessity of higher education in the job field. the economic benefit of a period of co - residence may assist an emerging adult in exploration of career options. in households with lower socioeconomic status, this arrangement may have the added benefit of the young adult providing support for the family, both financially and otherwise. co - residence can also have negative effects on an emerging adult's adjustment and autonomy. this may hinder parents'ability to acknowledge their child as an adult, while home - leaving promotes psychological growth and satisfying adult - to - adult relationships with parents characterized by less confrontation. living in physically separate households can help both a young adult and a parent acknowledge the changing nature of their relationship. arnett argues that the title of " young adulthood " is ineffective because it implies that adulthood has already been met, including independence and autonomy. parents that intervened regarding situations of employment and education for their children that live outside of their home decreased advancements of their child towards adulthood and independence. in contrast, parents who were in the shadows for their children, willing to help if there was a dire need, but allowed for autonomy and problem - solving in their developing adult had a stronger relationship with their child. = = = romantic relationships = = = serious romantic relationships often begin to occur in adulthood. data on participants in a german longitudinal study indicated that 43 % of middle adolescents and 47 % of late adolescents reported romantic relationships compared to 63 % in emerging adulthood. emerging adulthood relationships carried on for an average
Original Instruction:
Single people, especially women, are stigmatized in our society: We're all familiar with the image of a sad, lonely woman eating ice cream with her cats in her pajamas on Saturday night. But about 45 percent of US adults aren't married and around one in seven lives alone. This might be you. Research shows that young people's expectations about their marital status (e.g. the desire to be married by 30 and have kids by 32) have little or no relationship to what actually happens to people. So, go with the flow. And, if you're single, you're in good company. Single people spend more time with friends, volunteer more, and are more involved in their communities than married people. Never-married and divorced women are happier, on average, than married women. So, don't buy into the myth of the miserable singleton. If you do get married, keep going with the flow. Relationship satisfaction, financial security, and happy kids are more strongly related to flexibility in the face of life's challenges than any particular way of organizing families. The most functional families are ones that can bend. So partnering with someone who thinks that one partner should support their families and the other should take responsibility for the house and children is a recipe for disaster. So is being equally rigid about non-traditional divisions of labor. It's okay to have ideas about how to organize your family but your best bet for happiness is to be flexible. Buying a home is often taken for granted as a stage on the path to adulthood. But the ideal of universal home ownership was born in the 1950s. It's a rather new idea.With such a short history, it's funny that people often insist that buying a house is a fool-proof investment and the best way to secure retirement. In fact, buying a house may not be the best choice for you. The mortgage may be less than rent, but there are also taxes, insurance, and the increasingly common Home Owners Association (HOA) fees. You may someday sell the house for more than you bought it but, if you paid interest on a mortgage, you also paid far more than the sale price. You have freedom from a landlord, but may discover your HOA is just as controlling, or worse. And then there's the headache: renting relieves you from the stress of being responsible for repairs. It also offers a freedom of movement that you might cherish. So be wise and consider all your options. The passage mainly tells us _ .
A. how to have a happy family
B. what's the life of American youth
C. what American youth should know for living a happy life
D. why American youth should be wise when making decisions
|
||
One day, a teacher asked her students to list the names of their classmates on two pieces of paper, leaving a space after each name. Then she told them to think of the nicest thing they could say about each of them. That Saturday, the teacher wrote down the names and the words of each student on a separate piece of paper. On Monday she gave each student the list. Before long, the students were smiling. "I never knew that I meant anything to anyone! And I didn't know others liked me so much." most students said. No one ever mentioned anything about the paper in class again, but it didn't matter. The students were happy with themselves and one another. Several years later, one of the students, Mike would graduate from Harvard University and his teacher and some former classmates attended the commencement . Mike came up to her. "I want to show you something," he said, taking a wallet out of his pocket. He carefully took out two pieces of notebook paper to the teacher without looking at the paper. "Thank you so much for doing that." Mike said. All of Mike's former classmates started to gather around. Charlie said, "I put mine in my album." I think we all treasured our lists." Marilyn said. Tears rolled down the eyes of the teacher. We may encounter so many people in our lives, and it's a precious joy to see the good in all those journeys. After receiving the list, every student felt _ .
|
[
"sad and surprised",
"pleased and surprised",
"excited and pleased",
"pleased and touched"
] | 1B
|
One day, a teacher asked her students to list the names of their classmates on two pieces of paper, leaving a space after each name. Then she told them to think of the nicest thing they could say about each of them. That Saturday, the teacher wrote down the names and the words of each student on a separate piece of paper. On Monday she gave each student the list. Before long, the students were smiling. "I never knew that I meant anything to anyone! And I didn't know others liked me so much." most students said. No one ever mentioned anything about the paper in class again, but it didn't matter. The students were happy with themselves and one another. Several years later, one of the students, Mike would graduate from Harvard University and his teacher and some former classmates attended the commencement . Mike came up to her. "I want to show you something," he said, taking a wallet out of his pocket. He carefully took out two pieces of notebook paper to the teacher without looking at the paper. "Thank you so much for doing that." Mike said. All of Mike's former classmates started to gather around. Charlie said, "I put mine in my album." I think we all treasured our lists." Marilyn said. Tears rolled down the eyes of the teacher. We may encounter so many people in our lives, and it's a precious joy to see the good in all those journeys. After receiving the list, every student felt _ .
A. sad and surprised
B. pleased and surprised
C. excited and pleased
D. pleased and touched
|
B. pleased and surprised
|
Retrieved:
, throw a party next weekend. helen : a party at number 30! what will dorothy say about that? clarrie : well, what she doesn't know won't hurt her. of course, i'll be keeping my eye on things, and ( signal of opening ) that brings me to my next problem. ( explain problem ) you see, these young people, they don't want an old codger like me poking my nose in, so i'll make myself scarce, but i still need to be closer to hand, you see. so, ( ask favor ) i was wondering, would it be all right if i came over here on the night? what d'you reckon? helen : oh, clarrie, i... clarrie : oh ( minimization ) i'd be no bother. ( reinforce explanation ) it'd mean a heck of a lot to those kids. helen : all right. clarrie : ( thank with boost ) i knew you'd say yes. you're an angel, helen. helen : ha! ( laughs ) all of this is done in attempt to avoid imposition on the hearer. negative politeness is concerned with proceeding towards a goal in the smoothest way and with sensitivity to one's interlocutors. in english, deference ('excuse me, sir, could you please close the window') is associated with the avoidance or downplaying of an imposition ; the more one feels they might be imposing, the more deferential one might be. it is clearly a strategy for negative politeness and the redressing of a threat to negative face, through actions such as favor - seeking. = = = off - record ( indirect ) = = = the final politeness strategy outlined by brown and levinson is the indirect strategy ; this strategy uses indirect language and removes the speaker from the potential to be imposing. the strategy of doing off - record is to express something general or different than the speaker's true meaning and relies on the hearer's interpretation to have the speaker's purpose get conveyed. the speaker can get credit for not imposing on the hearer or give the hearer a chance to be helpful and generous. this strategy relies heavily on pragmatics to convey the intended meaning while still utilizing the semantic meaning as a way to avoid losing face ( see below in choice of strategy ). = = = = situations and examples = = = = · minimizing
Original Instruction:
One day, a teacher asked her students to list the names of their classmates on two pieces of paper, leaving a space after each name. Then she told them to think of the nicest thing they could say about each of them. That Saturday, the teacher wrote down the names and the words of each student on a separate piece of paper. On Monday she gave each student the list. Before long, the students were smiling. "I never knew that I meant anything to anyone! And I didn't know others liked me so much." most students said. No one ever mentioned anything about the paper in class again, but it didn't matter. The students were happy with themselves and one another. Several years later, one of the students, Mike would graduate from Harvard University and his teacher and some former classmates attended the commencement . Mike came up to her. "I want to show you something," he said, taking a wallet out of his pocket. He carefully took out two pieces of notebook paper to the teacher without looking at the paper. "Thank you so much for doing that." Mike said. All of Mike's former classmates started to gather around. Charlie said, "I put mine in my album." I think we all treasured our lists." Marilyn said. Tears rolled down the eyes of the teacher. We may encounter so many people in our lives, and it's a precious joy to see the good in all those journeys. After receiving the list, every student felt _ .
A. sad and surprised
B. pleased and surprised
C. excited and pleased
D. pleased and touched
|
||
I decided to have dinner in the hotel, for I arrived late one night on a business trip. As I was finishing my meal, an elderly couple came in to dine. They were holding hands and had lovely smiles on their faces. They sat three tables from me. I was amazed at the love they showed for each other. It seemed to strike home all the more, because it was shortly after ending a 20-year marriage and I still had pain in my heart. My waiter was also their waiter. As I paid my bill, I inquired as to what their bill was. He informed me, and I gave him $40 to pay their bill. He asked if I knew them and I told him "No, I just wanted to repay them for the love that they were showing to each other," and then I departed. The next day I entered the restaurant to dine before my departure. After I had been seated, the waiter who served me the night before told me that the strangest thing happened after I left the restaurant. When the elderly couple went to pay for their meal, they were informed that it had been paid. When they inquired who had done this, the hostess told them they had no idea who I was, just retelling what I said. The couple were amazed. They looked around, asked for the bill of two young couples who were seated together, paid their bill and departed, saying "Love begets Love" to the amazement of the hostess and waiter. I smiled and said "That's nice," and proceeded to order my meal. About 45 minutes later, I finished my meal and was about to head out, but my waiter was nowhere to be found. I waited and waited and finally walked over to the hostess stand and explained that I needed to pay for my meal and hurry to the airport. She smiled and explained that I would not have to pay for my meal, because both the waiter and she felt compelled to pay my bill due to the joy that was brought to the faces of the elderly couple and the amazement of the young couples. When I told her that they didn't have to do that, she said with a smile "Love begets Love." What can be inferred from the story?
|
[
"The love between the elderly couple deeply touched the writer who was single.",
"The young couples paid the bill of other customers in the restaurant.",
"The waiter left on purpose and made the writer stay alone to test him.",
"The writer did all this to prove his belief in love."
] | 0A
|
I decided to have dinner in the hotel, for I arrived late one night on a business trip. As I was finishing my meal, an elderly couple came in to dine. They were holding hands and had lovely smiles on their faces. They sat three tables from me. I was amazed at the love they showed for each other. It seemed to strike home all the more, because it was shortly after ending a 20-year marriage and I still had pain in my heart. My waiter was also their waiter. As I paid my bill, I inquired as to what their bill was. He informed me, and I gave him $40 to pay their bill. He asked if I knew them and I told him "No, I just wanted to repay them for the love that they were showing to each other," and then I departed. The next day I entered the restaurant to dine before my departure. After I had been seated, the waiter who served me the night before told me that the strangest thing happened after I left the restaurant. When the elderly couple went to pay for their meal, they were informed that it had been paid. When they inquired who had done this, the hostess told them they had no idea who I was, just retelling what I said. The couple were amazed. They looked around, asked for the bill of two young couples who were seated together, paid their bill and departed, saying "Love begets Love" to the amazement of the hostess and waiter. I smiled and said "That's nice," and proceeded to order my meal. About 45 minutes later, I finished my meal and was about to head out, but my waiter was nowhere to be found. I waited and waited and finally walked over to the hostess stand and explained that I needed to pay for my meal and hurry to the airport. She smiled and explained that I would not have to pay for my meal, because both the waiter and she felt compelled to pay my bill due to the joy that was brought to the faces of the elderly couple and the amazement of the young couples. When I told her that they didn't have to do that, she said with a smile "Love begets Love." What can be inferred from the story?
A. The love between the elderly couple deeply touched the writer who was single.
B. The young couples paid the bill of other customers in the restaurant.
C. The waiter left on purpose and made the writer stay alone to test him.
D. The writer did all this to prove his belief in love.
|
A. The love between the elderly couple deeply touched the writer who was single.
|
Retrieved:
the pie. rejecting the offer is in effect paying to punish the dictator ( called the proposer ). trust game – the same result as found in the dictator game shows up when the dictator's initial endowment is provided by their partner, even though this requires the first player to trust that something will be returned ( reciprocity ). this experiment often yields a 50 : 50 split of the endowment, and has been used as evidence of the inequity aversion model. in 2005, john list modified these experiments slightly to determine if something in the construction of the experiments was prompting specific behaviors. when given a choice to steal money from the other player, even a single dollar, the observed altruism all but disappeared. in another experiment, the two players were given a sum of money and the choice to give or take any amount from the other player. in this experiment, only 10 % of the participants gave the other person any money at all, and fully 40 % of the players opted to take all of the other player's money. the last such experiment was identical to the former, where 40 % were turned into a gang of robbers, with one catch : the two players were forced to earn the money by stuffing envelopes. in this last experiment, more than two thirds of the players neither took nor gave a cent, while just over 20 % still took some of the other player's money. in 2011, ert, erev and roth ran a model prediction competition on two datasets, each of which included 120 two - player games. in each game player 1 decides whether to " opt out " and determine the payoffs for both players, or to " opt in " and let player 2 decide about the payoff allocation by choosing between actions " left " or " right ". the payoffs were randomly selected, so the dataset included games like the ultimatum, dictator, and trust, as well as other games. the results suggested that inequity aversion could be described as one of many strategies that people might use in such games. other research in experimental economics addresses risk aversion in decision making and the comparison of inequality measures to subjective judgments on perceived inequalities. = = = studies of companies = = = surveys of employee opinions within firms have shown modern labor economists that inequity aversion is very important to them. employees compare not only relative salaries but also relative performance against that of co - workers. where these comparisons lead to guilt or envy, in
Original Instruction:
I decided to have dinner in the hotel, for I arrived late one night on a business trip. As I was finishing my meal, an elderly couple came in to dine. They were holding hands and had lovely smiles on their faces. They sat three tables from me. I was amazed at the love they showed for each other. It seemed to strike home all the more, because it was shortly after ending a 20-year marriage and I still had pain in my heart. My waiter was also their waiter. As I paid my bill, I inquired as to what their bill was. He informed me, and I gave him $40 to pay their bill. He asked if I knew them and I told him "No, I just wanted to repay them for the love that they were showing to each other," and then I departed. The next day I entered the restaurant to dine before my departure. After I had been seated, the waiter who served me the night before told me that the strangest thing happened after I left the restaurant. When the elderly couple went to pay for their meal, they were informed that it had been paid. When they inquired who had done this, the hostess told them they had no idea who I was, just retelling what I said. The couple were amazed. They looked around, asked for the bill of two young couples who were seated together, paid their bill and departed, saying "Love begets Love" to the amazement of the hostess and waiter. I smiled and said "That's nice," and proceeded to order my meal. About 45 minutes later, I finished my meal and was about to head out, but my waiter was nowhere to be found. I waited and waited and finally walked over to the hostess stand and explained that I needed to pay for my meal and hurry to the airport. She smiled and explained that I would not have to pay for my meal, because both the waiter and she felt compelled to pay my bill due to the joy that was brought to the faces of the elderly couple and the amazement of the young couples. When I told her that they didn't have to do that, she said with a smile "Love begets Love." What can be inferred from the story?
A. The love between the elderly couple deeply touched the writer who was single.
B. The young couples paid the bill of other customers in the restaurant.
C. The waiter left on purpose and made the writer stay alone to test him.
D. The writer did all this to prove his belief in love.
|
||
It looks like a scene from the thriller movieJaws,but these photos of a huge shark swimming with swimmers were in fact taken in Britain. The amazing pictures,which showed that the basking shark was swimming friendly with swimmers,were taken at Porthcurno beach,Cornwall,where the basking shark was swimming just yards off shore. The single 14foot giant was feeding in the shallow waters off the scenic area,and quickly became curious about the swimmers and surfers sharing the water. Though it came within touching distance,the swimmers and surfers were in no danger. The large sharks are plankton feeders-unlike the man-eating Great White fromJaws. Beach-goer Rachel Hosken,who took the pictures,said that several basking sharks had been seen in the area."It is one of the few I have ever seen around this year and it was great to see," she said excitedly."There are usually more of them by now,but for some reason there are fewer around than normal at this time of year. I think more have been spotted in deeper waters,but the particular one in the pictures seems to have taken a liking to this spot. I have seen it a few times." Known as the gentle giant of the sea,the basking shark is the second largest fish in the sea,only weighing lighter than the whale shark. They can grow to over 36 feet (11 meters) and weigh up to seven tons (7,000 kilograms) and feed on a diet of plankton and small fish. Basking sharks normally begin to appear in May and June. Why didn't the basking shark attack the swimmers or surfers?
|
[
"Because it was not hungry.",
"Because it was too far from them.",
"Because it isn't a man-eating shark.",
"Because it enjoyed swimming with them."
] | 2C
|
It looks like a scene from the thriller movieJaws,but these photos of a huge shark swimming with swimmers were in fact taken in Britain. The amazing pictures,which showed that the basking shark was swimming friendly with swimmers,were taken at Porthcurno beach,Cornwall,where the basking shark was swimming just yards off shore. The single 14foot giant was feeding in the shallow waters off the scenic area,and quickly became curious about the swimmers and surfers sharing the water. Though it came within touching distance,the swimmers and surfers were in no danger. The large sharks are plankton feeders-unlike the man-eating Great White fromJaws. Beach-goer Rachel Hosken,who took the pictures,said that several basking sharks had been seen in the area."It is one of the few I have ever seen around this year and it was great to see," she said excitedly."There are usually more of them by now,but for some reason there are fewer around than normal at this time of year. I think more have been spotted in deeper waters,but the particular one in the pictures seems to have taken a liking to this spot. I have seen it a few times." Known as the gentle giant of the sea,the basking shark is the second largest fish in the sea,only weighing lighter than the whale shark. They can grow to over 36 feet (11 meters) and weigh up to seven tons (7,000 kilograms) and feed on a diet of plankton and small fish. Basking sharks normally begin to appear in May and June. Why didn't the basking shark attack the swimmers or surfers?
A. Because it was not hungry.
B. Because it was too far from them.
C. Because it isn't a man-eating shark.
D. Because it enjoyed swimming with them.
|
C. Because it isn't a man-eating shark.
|
Retrieved:
ocean currents. the most abundant zooplankton species are copepods and krill : tiny crustaceans that are the most numerous animals on earth. other types of zooplankton include jelly fish and the larvae of fish, marine worms, starfish, and other marine organisms ". in turn, the zooplankton are eaten by filter - feeding animals, including some seabirds, small forage fish like herrings and sardines, whale sharks, manta rays, and the largest animal in the world, the blue whale. yet again, moving up the foodchain, the small forage fish are in turn eaten by larger predators, such as tuna, marlin, sharks, large squid, seabirds, dolphins, and toothed whales. = = open ocean = = the open ocean is relatively unproductive because of a lack of nutrients, yet because it is so vast, it has more overall primary production than any other marine habitat. only about 10 percent of marine species live in the open ocean. but among them are the largest and fastest of all marine animals, as well as the animals that dive the deepest and migrate the longest. in the depths lurk animal that, to our eyes, appear hugely alien. = = = deep sea = = = the deep sea starts at the aphotic zone, the point where sunlight loses most of its energy in the water. many life forms that live at these depths have the ability to create their own light a unique evolution known as bio - luminescence. in the deep ocean, the waters extend far below the epipelagic zone, and support very different types of pelagic life forms adapted to living in these deeper zones. much of the aphotic zone's energy is supplied by the open ocean in the form of detritus. in deep water, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. marine snow includes dead or dying plankton, protists ( diatoms ), fecal matter, sand, soot and other inorganic dust. the " snowflakes " grow over time and may reach several centimetres in diameter, travelling for weeks before reaching the ocean floor. however, most organic components of marine snow are consumed by microbes, zooplankton and other filter - feeding animals within the first 1, 000 metres of their journey, that is, within the ep
Original Instruction:
It looks like a scene from the thriller movieJaws,but these photos of a huge shark swimming with swimmers were in fact taken in Britain. The amazing pictures,which showed that the basking shark was swimming friendly with swimmers,were taken at Porthcurno beach,Cornwall,where the basking shark was swimming just yards off shore. The single 14foot giant was feeding in the shallow waters off the scenic area,and quickly became curious about the swimmers and surfers sharing the water. Though it came within touching distance,the swimmers and surfers were in no danger. The large sharks are plankton feeders-unlike the man-eating Great White fromJaws. Beach-goer Rachel Hosken,who took the pictures,said that several basking sharks had been seen in the area."It is one of the few I have ever seen around this year and it was great to see," she said excitedly."There are usually more of them by now,but for some reason there are fewer around than normal at this time of year. I think more have been spotted in deeper waters,but the particular one in the pictures seems to have taken a liking to this spot. I have seen it a few times." Known as the gentle giant of the sea,the basking shark is the second largest fish in the sea,only weighing lighter than the whale shark. They can grow to over 36 feet (11 meters) and weigh up to seven tons (7,000 kilograms) and feed on a diet of plankton and small fish. Basking sharks normally begin to appear in May and June. Why didn't the basking shark attack the swimmers or surfers?
A. Because it was not hungry.
B. Because it was too far from them.
C. Because it isn't a man-eating shark.
D. Because it enjoyed swimming with them.
|
||
One 7.0 kg bowling ball is lifted to a storage shelf 1.0 m above the floor. A second 7.0 kg ball is lifted to a storage shelf 2.0 m above the floor. Which of the following best explains why the measured force of gravity on each ball is nearly identical?
|
[
"The final potential energy of each ball increased.",
"The amount of work required to lift each ball is identical.",
"The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical.",
"The gravitational force of each ball on the other cancels out the force of Earth's gravity."
] | 2C
|
One 7.0 kg bowling ball is lifted to a storage shelf 1.0 m above the floor. A second 7.0 kg ball is lifted to a storage shelf 2.0 m above the floor. Which of the following best explains why the measured force of gravity on each ball is nearly identical?
A. The final potential energy of each ball increased.
B. The amount of work required to lift each ball is identical.
C. The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical.
D. The gravitational force of each ball on the other cancels out the force of Earth's gravity.
|
C. The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical.
|
Retrieved:
} } = m { \ frac { d ^ { 2 } \ mathbf { r } } { dt ^ { 2 } } }, \ end { aligned } } } where m is the ball's mass. here, a, v, r represent the ball's acceleration, velocity, and position over time t. = = = gravity = = = the gravitational force is directed downwards and is equal to f g = m g, { \ displaystyle f _ { \ text { g } } = mg, } where m is the mass of the ball, and g is the gravitational acceleration, which on earth varies between 9. 764 m / s2 and 9. 834 m / s2. because the other forces are usually small, the motion is often idealized as being only under the influence of gravity. if only the force of gravity acts on the ball, the mechanical energy will be conserved during its flight. in this idealized case, the equations of motion are given by a = − g j ^, v = v 0 + a t, r = r 0 + v 0 t + 1 2 a t 2, { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } \ mathbf { a } & = - g \ mathbf { \ hat { j } }, \ \ \ mathbf { v } & = \ mathbf { v } _ { \ text { 0 } } + \ mathbf { a } t, \ \ \ mathbf { r } & = \ mathbf { r } _ { 0 } + \ mathbf { v } _ { 0 } t + { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ mathbf { a } t ^ { 2 }, \ end { aligned } } } where a, v, and r denote the acceleration, velocity, and position of the ball, and v0 and r0 are the initial velocity and position of the ball, respectively. more specifically, if the ball is bounced at an angle θ with the ground, the motion in the x - and y - axes ( representing horizontal and vertical motion, respectively ) is described by the equations imply that the maximum height ( h ) and range ( r ) and time of flight ( t ) of a ball bouncing on a flat surface are given by h = v 0 2 2 g sin 2 ( θ ), r = v 0 2 g sin ( 2 θ ), and t = 2 v 0 g sin ( θ ). { \ displaystyle { \
Original Instruction:
One 7.0 kg bowling ball is lifted to a storage shelf 1.0 m above the floor. A second 7.0 kg ball is lifted to a storage shelf 2.0 m above the floor. Which of the following best explains why the measured force of gravity on each ball is nearly identical?
A. The final potential energy of each ball increased.
B. The amount of work required to lift each ball is identical.
C. The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical.
D. The gravitational force of each ball on the other cancels out the force of Earth's gravity.
|
||
If you are having trouble falling asleep, you are in good company. About 65% of Americans said they have sleeping problems a few nights each week, according to a recent study by the National Sleep Foundation. Sleeping too little can lead to a higher risk of becoming fat and getting depressed . But before you go to a doctor for advice, it is worth examining your sleeping habits one more time. Some of your favorite evening habits may have something to do with the sleeping problems. Setting a Bright Alarm Clock The light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you from falling asleep. You can make your room as dark as possible. Cover the bright numbers with a book or consider buying a small travel clock. Your cellphone alarm may also do the trick. Counting Sheep When you just can't fall asleep, it's useless to stay in bed to count sheep. If you've been trying to fall asleep for more than 30 minutes, the National Sleep Foundation suggests you get up to do some reading or watch TV for a while. Such activities will make you sleepy. Before you know it, you'll be going back to bed really tired. Exercising Late at Night? Daytime workouts will keep you full of energy for hours. That's why you don't want to exercise within three hours of _ . Fierce physical activity raise your body temperature and pumps your energy level--both are bad for a good night's sleep. What can we learn from the first sentence of the passage?
|
[
"It's not good to fail to fall asleep at night.",
"People in a good company often have sleeping problems.",
"There are many people who have sleeping problems.",
"You should find someone to talk to if you can't fall asleep."
] | 2C
|
If you are having trouble falling asleep, you are in good company. About 65% of Americans said they have sleeping problems a few nights each week, according to a recent study by the National Sleep Foundation. Sleeping too little can lead to a higher risk of becoming fat and getting depressed . But before you go to a doctor for advice, it is worth examining your sleeping habits one more time. Some of your favorite evening habits may have something to do with the sleeping problems. Setting a Bright Alarm Clock The light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you from falling asleep. You can make your room as dark as possible. Cover the bright numbers with a book or consider buying a small travel clock. Your cellphone alarm may also do the trick. Counting Sheep When you just can't fall asleep, it's useless to stay in bed to count sheep. If you've been trying to fall asleep for more than 30 minutes, the National Sleep Foundation suggests you get up to do some reading or watch TV for a while. Such activities will make you sleepy. Before you know it, you'll be going back to bed really tired. Exercising Late at Night? Daytime workouts will keep you full of energy for hours. That's why you don't want to exercise within three hours of _ . Fierce physical activity raise your body temperature and pumps your energy level--both are bad for a good night's sleep. What can we learn from the first sentence of the passage?
A. It's not good to fail to fall asleep at night.
B. People in a good company often have sleeping problems.
C. There are many people who have sleeping problems.
D. You should find someone to talk to if you can't fall asleep.
|
C. There are many people who have sleeping problems.
|
Retrieved:
but not completely substantiated or understood. some of the early ideas about sleep function were based on the fact that most ( if not all ) external activity is stopped during sleep. initially, it was thought that sleep was simply a mechanism for the body to " take a break " and reduce wear. later observations of the low metabolic rates in the brain during sleep seemed to indicate some metabolic functions of sleep. this theory is not fully adequate as sleep only decreases metabolism by about 5 – 10 %. with the development of eeg, it was found that the brain has almost continuous internal activity during sleep, leading to the idea that the function could be that of reorganization or specification of neuronal circuits or strengthening of connections. these hypotheses are still being explored. other proposed functions of sleep include - maintaining hormonal balance, temperature regulation and maintaining heart rate. according to a recent sleep disruption and insomnia review study, there are short - term and long - term negative consequences on healthy individuals. the short term consequences include increased stress responsivity and psychosocial issues such as impaired cognitive or academic performance and depression. experiments indicated that, in healthy children and adults, episodes of fragmented sleep or insomnia increased sympathetic activation, which can disrupt mood and cognition. the long term consequences include metabolic issues such as glucose homeostasis disruption and even tumor formation and increased risks of cancer. = = = preservation = = = the " preservation and protection " theory holds that sleep serves an adaptive function. it protects the animal during that portion of the 24 - hour day in which being awake, and hence roaming around, would place the individual at greatest risk. organisms do not require 24 hours to feed themselves and meet other necessities. from this perspective of adaptation, organisms are safer by staying out of harm's way, where potentially they could be prey to other, stronger organisms. they sleep at times that maximize their safety, given their physical capacities and their habitats. this theory fails to explain why the brain disengages from the external environment during normal sleep. however, the brain consumes a large proportion of the body's energy at any one time and preservation of energy could only occur by limiting its sensory inputs. another argument against the theory is that sleep is not simply a passive consequence of removing the animal from the environment, but is a " drive " ; animals alter their behaviors in order to obtain sleep. therefore, circadian regulation is more than sufficient to explain periods of activity and quiescence that are adaptive to an organism
Original Instruction:
If you are having trouble falling asleep, you are in good company. About 65% of Americans said they have sleeping problems a few nights each week, according to a recent study by the National Sleep Foundation. Sleeping too little can lead to a higher risk of becoming fat and getting depressed . But before you go to a doctor for advice, it is worth examining your sleeping habits one more time. Some of your favorite evening habits may have something to do with the sleeping problems. Setting a Bright Alarm Clock The light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you from falling asleep. You can make your room as dark as possible. Cover the bright numbers with a book or consider buying a small travel clock. Your cellphone alarm may also do the trick. Counting Sheep When you just can't fall asleep, it's useless to stay in bed to count sheep. If you've been trying to fall asleep for more than 30 minutes, the National Sleep Foundation suggests you get up to do some reading or watch TV for a while. Such activities will make you sleepy. Before you know it, you'll be going back to bed really tired. Exercising Late at Night? Daytime workouts will keep you full of energy for hours. That's why you don't want to exercise within three hours of _ . Fierce physical activity raise your body temperature and pumps your energy level--both are bad for a good night's sleep. What can we learn from the first sentence of the passage?
A. It's not good to fail to fall asleep at night.
B. People in a good company often have sleeping problems.
C. There are many people who have sleeping problems.
D. You should find someone to talk to if you can't fall asleep.
|
||
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and--most important --sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. _ had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it. We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke. Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They're really memories of the screen, not memories of my life. In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?
|
[
"1952",
"1962",
"1972",
"1982"
] | 2C
|
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and--most important --sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. _ had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it. We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke. Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They're really memories of the screen, not memories of my life. In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?
A. 1952
B. 1962
C. 1972
D. 1982
|
C. 1972
|
Retrieved:
capable of projecting both film and modern digital cinema and which features a digital organ that rises from under the stage to accompany silent film screenings. the packard campus currently holds semi - weekly screenings of films of cultural significance in its reproduction art deco theater according to this schedule. = = events = = = = = mostly lost film identification workshop = = = every summer prior to the covid - 19 pandemic, the packard campus hosted the mostly lost identification workshop for silent and sound films. unidentified or misidentified silent films and film clips were screened for registered attendees, who collectively attempted to identify the unknown works. the films screened were not only from the library of congress's collections, but also from other participating film archives, which have included the george eastman house, the ucla film & television archive, the eye film institute of the netherlands, the university of southern california's hugh m. hefner moving image archive, the lobster film archive, and the newsfilm library at the university of south carolina. screenings were held in the packard campus theater. = = = fall open house = = = the packard campus hosts an annual open house on the columbus day federal holiday, offering the general public the opportunity to tour the facility and attend presentations by campus staff about the work they do for the library of congress and the audio - visual collections they maintain in the facility. = = references = = " mount pony ". 1998 - 04 - 29. retrieved 2007 - 01 - 01. " the fed's own cold war bunker ". archived from the original on 2007 - 09 - 27. retrieved 2007 - 03 - 29. " the culpeper switch ( federal reserve booklet ) ". retrieved 2007 - 03 - 29. = = further reading = = mccamley, n. j. cold war secret nuclear bunkers. pen & sword books ltd, 2002. isbn 0 - 85052 - 746 - 5 = = external links = = national audio visual conservation center ( navcc ) home page
Original Instruction:
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and--most important --sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. _ had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it. We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke. Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They're really memories of the screen, not memories of my life. In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?
A. 1952
B. 1962
C. 1972
D. 1982
|
||
When I was at University I studied very hard. But a lot of my friends did very little work. Some did just enough to pass exams. Others didn't do quite enough. Fred Baines was one of them. He spent more time playing than working in the library. Once at the end of the term, we had to take an important test in chemistry. The test had a hundred questions. Beside each question we had to write "True" or "False". While I was studying in my room the night before the test, Fred was watching TV. Fred usually worried a lot the night before a test. But on that night he looked perfectly calm. Thenhe told me of his plan. "It's very simple. There are a hundred questions and I have to get fifty correct to pass the test. I'll just toss the coin to decide the answers. That way, I'm sure I'll get half the questions right." The next day, Fred came happily into the exam room. As he sat tossing a coin for half an hour he marked down his answers. Then he left, half an hour before the rest of us. The next day, he saw the chemistry professor in the corridor. "Oh, good," he said to the teacher, "Have you got the result of the test?" The teacher reached into his pocket and took out a coin. He threw it into the air, caught it in his hand and looked at it. "I'm terribly sorry, Fred," he said, "You failed!" Fred came happily into the exam room because _ .
|
[
"he had got ready for the exam",
"he knew the answers already",
"one excellent student would help him",
"he had his special way to finish the exam"
] | 3D
|
When I was at University I studied very hard. But a lot of my friends did very little work. Some did just enough to pass exams. Others didn't do quite enough. Fred Baines was one of them. He spent more time playing than working in the library. Once at the end of the term, we had to take an important test in chemistry. The test had a hundred questions. Beside each question we had to write "True" or "False". While I was studying in my room the night before the test, Fred was watching TV. Fred usually worried a lot the night before a test. But on that night he looked perfectly calm. Thenhe told me of his plan. "It's very simple. There are a hundred questions and I have to get fifty correct to pass the test. I'll just toss the coin to decide the answers. That way, I'm sure I'll get half the questions right." The next day, Fred came happily into the exam room. As he sat tossing a coin for half an hour he marked down his answers. Then he left, half an hour before the rest of us. The next day, he saw the chemistry professor in the corridor. "Oh, good," he said to the teacher, "Have you got the result of the test?" The teacher reached into his pocket and took out a coin. He threw it into the air, caught it in his hand and looked at it. "I'm terribly sorry, Fred," he said, "You failed!" Fred came happily into the exam room because _ .
A. he had got ready for the exam
B. he knew the answers already
C. one excellent student would help him
D. he had his special way to finish the exam
|
D. he had his special way to finish the exam
|
Retrieved:
##implified, with the negative outcome influenced by outside influences. without complicating pressures, groups communicate and manage the commons among themselves for their mutual benefit, enforcing social norms to preserve the resource and achieve the maximum good for the group, an example of effecting the best - case outcome for prisoner's dilemma. = = = academic settings = = = the prisoner's dilemma has been used in various academic settings to illustrate the complexities of cooperation and competition. one notable example is the classroom experiment conducted by sociology professor dan chambliss at hamilton college in the 1980s. starting in 1981, chambliss proposed that if no student took the final exam, everyone would receive an a, but if even one student took it, those who didn't would receive a zero. in 1988, john werner, a first - year student, successfully organized his classmates to boycott the exam, demonstrating a practical application of game theory and the prisoner's dilemma concept. nearly 25 years later, a similar incident occurred at johns hopkins university in 2013. professor peter frohlich's grading policy scaled final exams according to the highest score, meaning that if everyone received the same score, they would all get an a. students in frohlich's classes organized a boycott of the final exam, ensuring that no one took it. as a result, every student received an a, successfully solving the prisoner's dilemma in a mutually optimal way without iteration. these examples highlight how the prisoner's dilemma can be used to explore cooperative behavior and strategic decision - making in educational contexts. = = related games = = = = = closed - bag exchange = = = douglas hofstadter suggested that people often find problems such as the prisoner's dilemma problem easier to understand when it is illustrated in the form of a simple game, or trade - off. one of several examples he used was " closed bag exchange " : two people meet and exchange closed bags, with the understanding that one of them contains money, and the other contains a purchase. either player can choose to honor the deal by putting into his or her bag what he or she agreed, or he or she can defect by handing over an empty bag. = = = friend or foe? = = = friend or foe? is a game show that aired from 2002 to 2003 on the game show network in the us. on the game show, three pairs of people compete. when a pair is eliminated, they play a game similar to the prisoner's dilemma to determine how the winning
Original Instruction:
When I was at University I studied very hard. But a lot of my friends did very little work. Some did just enough to pass exams. Others didn't do quite enough. Fred Baines was one of them. He spent more time playing than working in the library. Once at the end of the term, we had to take an important test in chemistry. The test had a hundred questions. Beside each question we had to write "True" or "False". While I was studying in my room the night before the test, Fred was watching TV. Fred usually worried a lot the night before a test. But on that night he looked perfectly calm. Thenhe told me of his plan. "It's very simple. There are a hundred questions and I have to get fifty correct to pass the test. I'll just toss the coin to decide the answers. That way, I'm sure I'll get half the questions right." The next day, Fred came happily into the exam room. As he sat tossing a coin for half an hour he marked down his answers. Then he left, half an hour before the rest of us. The next day, he saw the chemistry professor in the corridor. "Oh, good," he said to the teacher, "Have you got the result of the test?" The teacher reached into his pocket and took out a coin. He threw it into the air, caught it in his hand and looked at it. "I'm terribly sorry, Fred," he said, "You failed!" Fred came happily into the exam room because _ .
A. he had got ready for the exam
B. he knew the answers already
C. one excellent student would help him
D. he had his special way to finish the exam
|
||
As soon as you meet, or even see, a person, you form an impression of him based on his posture, gesture and facial expressions. This is why it is important to make a good first impression on the person who will be interviewing you. Within the first 60 seconds of meeting you, the interviewer will have formed an impression about what type of person you are and what kind of employee you would become, and 55% of this will be based only on your body language. Here are some tips to make you that impression a good one. First of all, relax. Think positive thoughts and you are more likely to come across as a positive, confident person during the interview. Dress smartly, as your appearance is one of the first things an interviewer will notice you. Stand up straight, and walk in with your shoulders back and your head up. Try to avoid slowing down as you walk into the room because this suggests fear and uncertainty. Shake hands with the interviewer firmly. You should have a positive handshake and a warm smile. Open your coat or jacket as you sit down shows that you, too, are open. Posture is important. You should be sitting well back in your seat. Sit up straight and lean forward slightly, but not too much. Sitting at too much of an angel expresses discomfort and distrust. Two of the most common signals are crossing your arms and legs, so try to avoid them. Another important issue is eye contact. Looking someone in the eye shows confidence in yourself and trust in the other person. However, don't overdo it, as too much eye contact or starring will make the other person uncomfortable. Use more eye contact when listening than when talking, and when you look away, look down. Looking up at the ceiling will make you seem bored and rude. If you lean forward too much, it means _ .
|
[
"you are very bored",
"you are too nervous",
"you don't have confidence",
"you don't trust others"
] | 3D
|
As soon as you meet, or even see, a person, you form an impression of him based on his posture, gesture and facial expressions. This is why it is important to make a good first impression on the person who will be interviewing you. Within the first 60 seconds of meeting you, the interviewer will have formed an impression about what type of person you are and what kind of employee you would become, and 55% of this will be based only on your body language. Here are some tips to make you that impression a good one. First of all, relax. Think positive thoughts and you are more likely to come across as a positive, confident person during the interview. Dress smartly, as your appearance is one of the first things an interviewer will notice you. Stand up straight, and walk in with your shoulders back and your head up. Try to avoid slowing down as you walk into the room because this suggests fear and uncertainty. Shake hands with the interviewer firmly. You should have a positive handshake and a warm smile. Open your coat or jacket as you sit down shows that you, too, are open. Posture is important. You should be sitting well back in your seat. Sit up straight and lean forward slightly, but not too much. Sitting at too much of an angel expresses discomfort and distrust. Two of the most common signals are crossing your arms and legs, so try to avoid them. Another important issue is eye contact. Looking someone in the eye shows confidence in yourself and trust in the other person. However, don't overdo it, as too much eye contact or starring will make the other person uncomfortable. Use more eye contact when listening than when talking, and when you look away, look down. Looking up at the ceiling will make you seem bored and rude. If you lean forward too much, it means _ .
A. you are very bored
B. you are too nervous
C. you don't have confidence
D. you don't trust others
|
D. you don't trust others
|
Retrieved:
lips. research has identified five dimensions of interview anxiety : communication anxiety, social anxiety, performance anxiety, behavioral anxiety and appearance anxiety. further research shows that both the interviewer and applicant agree that speaking slowly is a clear sign of interview anxiety. however, they do not agree on other anxiety indicators such as frequent pauses and biting or licking of lips. trait judgments are also related to interview anxiety and can affect interviewer perceptions of anxiety. low assertiveness has been identified as the key trait related to interview anxiety. thus, the most important indicators of interview anxiety are slow speech rate and low assertiveness. another issue in interview anxiety is gender differences. although females report being more anxious than males in interviews, their anxiety is not as readily detected as that for males. this can be explained by the sex - linked anxiety coping theory ( sct ). this theory suggests that females cope better than males when they are anxious in interviews. = = = = implications for applicants = = = = whether anxieties come from individual differences or from the interview setting, they have important costs for job candidates. these include : limiting effective communication and display of future potential, reducing interview performance and evaluation despite potential fit for the job, and reducing the chance of a second interview compared to less anxious individuals. speaking slowly and low assertiveness have the strongest negative impact on perceptions of interview anxiety. thus, candidates who experience anxiety in interviews should try to display assertive behaviors such as being dominant, professional, optimistic, attentive and confident in addition, they should speak at a consistent pace that is not unusually slow. = = = = implications for organizations = = = = applicants who view the selection process more favorably tend to be more positive about the organization, and are likely to influence an organization's reputation. whereas, in contrast, anxious or uncomfortable during their interview may view an organization less favorably, causing the otherwise qualified candidates not accepting a job offer. if an applicant is nervous, they might not act the same way they would on the job, making it harder for organizations to use the interview for predicting someone's future job performance. = = legal issues = = in many countries laws are put into place to prevent organizations from engaging in discriminatory practices against protected classes when selecting individuals for jobs. in the united states, it is unlawful for private employers with 15 or more employees along with state and local government employers to discriminate against applicants based on the following : race, color, sex ( including pregnancy ), national origin, age ( 40 or over ),
Original Instruction:
As soon as you meet, or even see, a person, you form an impression of him based on his posture, gesture and facial expressions. This is why it is important to make a good first impression on the person who will be interviewing you. Within the first 60 seconds of meeting you, the interviewer will have formed an impression about what type of person you are and what kind of employee you would become, and 55% of this will be based only on your body language. Here are some tips to make you that impression a good one. First of all, relax. Think positive thoughts and you are more likely to come across as a positive, confident person during the interview. Dress smartly, as your appearance is one of the first things an interviewer will notice you. Stand up straight, and walk in with your shoulders back and your head up. Try to avoid slowing down as you walk into the room because this suggests fear and uncertainty. Shake hands with the interviewer firmly. You should have a positive handshake and a warm smile. Open your coat or jacket as you sit down shows that you, too, are open. Posture is important. You should be sitting well back in your seat. Sit up straight and lean forward slightly, but not too much. Sitting at too much of an angel expresses discomfort and distrust. Two of the most common signals are crossing your arms and legs, so try to avoid them. Another important issue is eye contact. Looking someone in the eye shows confidence in yourself and trust in the other person. However, don't overdo it, as too much eye contact or starring will make the other person uncomfortable. Use more eye contact when listening than when talking, and when you look away, look down. Looking up at the ceiling will make you seem bored and rude. If you lean forward too much, it means _ .
A. you are very bored
B. you are too nervous
C. you don't have confidence
D. you don't trust others
|
||
David and Sue went to their Auntie's house to visit on Saturday morning. She had some new ducklings in the pond that they wanted to see. They went out to the pond and on the way they saw a frog. They also saw a boat in the water. They saw a water lily. They looked in the water until they saw the mother duck and her ducklings. They were different colors. Six of them were brown and yellow. Four of them were only yellow. Two ducklings were brown. There was one that was white. They were all very fuzzy. They went back to the house to tell Auntie Beth about the ducklings. She was cooking on the stove. She asked Sue to get some eggs. She asked David to get some butter. Auntie Beth poured some milk into a bowl of flour. She made them a cake. "I'm so glad you've come to visit me," Auntie Beth said. Sue told her about the things they saw at the pond. David said, "We saw a frog. Don't forget the frog. It was my favorite." It was a good visit. What was David's favorite thing at the pond?
|
[
"boat",
"duckling",
"water lily",
"frog"
] | 3D
|
David and Sue went to their Auntie's house to visit on Saturday morning. She had some new ducklings in the pond that they wanted to see. They went out to the pond and on the way they saw a frog. They also saw a boat in the water. They saw a water lily. They looked in the water until they saw the mother duck and her ducklings. They were different colors. Six of them were brown and yellow. Four of them were only yellow. Two ducklings were brown. There was one that was white. They were all very fuzzy. They went back to the house to tell Auntie Beth about the ducklings. She was cooking on the stove. She asked Sue to get some eggs. She asked David to get some butter. Auntie Beth poured some milk into a bowl of flour. She made them a cake. "I'm so glad you've come to visit me," Auntie Beth said. Sue told her about the things they saw at the pond. David said, "We saw a frog. Don't forget the frog. It was my favorite." It was a good visit. What was David's favorite thing at the pond?
A. boat
B. duckling
C. water lily
D. frog
|
D. frog
|
Retrieved:
see also = = theory of humor world's funniest joke # other findings = = further reading = = " computational humor ", by binsted, k. ; nijholt, a. ; stock, o. ; strapparava, c. ; ritchie, g. ; manurung, r. ; pain, h. ; waller, a. ; oapos ; mara, d., ieee intelligent systems volume 21, issue 2, 2006, pp. 59 – 69 doi : 10. 1109 / mis. 2006. 22 o. stock, c. strapparava & a. nijholt ( eds. ) " the april fools'day workshop on computational humour. " proc. twente workshop on language technology 20 ( twlt20 ), issn 0929 - 0672, itc - irst, trento, italy, april 2002, 146 pp = = references = =
Original Instruction:
David and Sue went to their Auntie's house to visit on Saturday morning. She had some new ducklings in the pond that they wanted to see. They went out to the pond and on the way they saw a frog. They also saw a boat in the water. They saw a water lily. They looked in the water until they saw the mother duck and her ducklings. They were different colors. Six of them were brown and yellow. Four of them were only yellow. Two ducklings were brown. There was one that was white. They were all very fuzzy. They went back to the house to tell Auntie Beth about the ducklings. She was cooking on the stove. She asked Sue to get some eggs. She asked David to get some butter. Auntie Beth poured some milk into a bowl of flour. She made them a cake. "I'm so glad you've come to visit me," Auntie Beth said. Sue told her about the things they saw at the pond. David said, "We saw a frog. Don't forget the frog. It was my favorite." It was a good visit. What was David's favorite thing at the pond?
A. boat
B. duckling
C. water lily
D. frog
|
||
An exertion on a thing that is going against the thing's intended direction, when in motion will
|
[
"melt it",
"oppose it",
"speed it up",
"burn it"
] | 1B
|
An exertion on a thing that is going against the thing's intended direction, when in motion will
A. melt it
B. oppose it
C. speed it up
D. burn it
|
B. oppose it
|
Retrieved:
between the temperature of the heating element, the rotation of the deposition head, and the speed the filament is fed through the heating element is precisely controlled to ensure the robot grows in the desired manner. = = = movement control = = = the speed of the robot is controlled by changing the temperature of the heating element, the speed at which filament is fed through the heating element, and the speed the deposition head is spun. speed can be defined as the function : s = l d 1 ( tan α ) 2 + 1 { \ displaystyle s = { \ frac { l _ { d } } { \ sqrt { { \ frac { 1 } { ( \ tan \ alpha ) ^ { 2 } } } + 1 } } } } where l d { \ displaystyle l _ { d } } is the thickness of the deposited layer of filament, and α { \ displaystyle \ alpha } is the angle of the helix in which the filament material is deposited. controlling the direction of growth ( and thus the direction of robot " movement " ) can be done in two ways : changing the thickness of the filament deposited on one side of the deposition head ( tilting the tip away from that side ). changing the number of layers of filament on one side of the deposition head by using partial rotation of the deposition disk to add extra material in that sector ( tilting the tip away from the side with extra layers of filament ). for example, the disk could normally rotate clockwise, rotate counter - clockwise for 1 radian, and then resume rotating clockwise. this would add two extra layers of material in the 1 radian section. = = = capabilities = = = one of the major advantages of soft growing robots is that minimal friction exists between the outside environment and the robot. this is because only the robot tip moves relative to the environment. multiple robots using additive manufacturing for growth were designed for burrowing into the soil, as less friction with the environment reduces energy required to move through the environment. unsubmerged, one robot was able to grow at a speed of 1. 8 - 4 mm / min. with a maximum bending speed of 1. 28 degrees per minute and a growing force of up to 6kg. unsubmerged, a second prototype was able to grow at a speed of 3 - 4 mm / min. as well as passively turn 40 degrees with a 100 % success rate and 50 degrees with a 60 % success rate (
Original Instruction:
An exertion on a thing that is going against the thing's intended direction, when in motion will
A. melt it
B. oppose it
C. speed it up
D. burn it
|
||
Dear friends, My name is Tony. I am English. I am thirteen years old this year. I am tall, and I am good at playing football. I am in Grade Seven. There are thirty boys and twenty girls in my class. We are learning Chinese in our school. Our Chinese teacher is Mr. Wu. He is a little short, but he is very strong. He is very nice to us. I have some good friends in my class. Tom is a tall boy and has short black hair. He is good at playing football, too. Alice is short and she loves wearing red dresses. She is good at English. Shelly has long hair. She can speak Japanese and she likes running. We all study hard. What about your school and your friend? Please write soon. Yours, Tony Which country is Tony from?
|
[
"America.",
"England.",
"China.",
"Japan."
] | 1B
|
Dear friends, My name is Tony. I am English. I am thirteen years old this year. I am tall, and I am good at playing football. I am in Grade Seven. There are thirty boys and twenty girls in my class. We are learning Chinese in our school. Our Chinese teacher is Mr. Wu. He is a little short, but he is very strong. He is very nice to us. I have some good friends in my class. Tom is a tall boy and has short black hair. He is good at playing football, too. Alice is short and she loves wearing red dresses. She is good at English. Shelly has long hair. She can speak Japanese and she likes running. We all study hard. What about your school and your friend? Please write soon. Yours, Tony Which country is Tony from?
A. America.
B. England.
C. China.
D. Japan.
|
B. England.
|
Retrieved:
" ( mae ja lao nitaan hai luuk fang ), or " mother will tell child a story ". similarly, older and younger friends will often use sibling terminology, so that an older friend telling a younger friend " you're my friend " would be " " ( nawng pen peuan pii ), would translate directly as " younger sibling is older sibling ’ s friend ". to be translated into english correctly, it is proper to use " i " and " you " for these example statements, but normal thai perceptions of relation are lost in the process. a similar feature can also be observed in indonesian. one may use the formal form of pronouns, which are generally distinct from the informal / familiar forms ; however, the use of these pronouns does not evoke sufficient friendliness or intimacy, especially in spoken language. instead of saying " anda mau pesan apa? ", a waiter / waitress will most likely say " bapak / ibu mau pesan apa? " ( lit.'father / mother wants to order what?'). the two expressions are equally polite ; however, the latter is more sympathetic and friendly. when conversing with family and relatives, most indonesians also prefer using kinship terminology ( father, mother, brother, sister ) when addressing older family members. when addressing younger family members, informal pronouns are more prevalent. = = = verb forms = = = english lacks some grammatical categories which are present in some other languages. there is no simple way in english to contrast finnish kirjoittaa or polish pisac ( continuing, corresponding to english'to write') with kirjoitella or pisywac ( a regular frequentative,'to occasionally write short passages at a time ', or'to jot down now and then'). similarly, hypata and skoczyc ( to jump once ) contrast with hyppia and skakac ( to continuously jump ; to be jumping from point a to b ). irish allows the prohibitive mood to be used in the passive voice. the effect is used to prohibit something while expressing society's disapproval for that action at the same time. for example, contrast na caithigi tobac ( meaning'don't smoke'when said to more than one person ), which uses the second person plural in the imperative meaning " do not smoke ", with na caitear tobac ( best translated as'smoking just isn't
Original Instruction:
Dear friends, My name is Tony. I am English. I am thirteen years old this year. I am tall, and I am good at playing football. I am in Grade Seven. There are thirty boys and twenty girls in my class. We are learning Chinese in our school. Our Chinese teacher is Mr. Wu. He is a little short, but he is very strong. He is very nice to us. I have some good friends in my class. Tom is a tall boy and has short black hair. He is good at playing football, too. Alice is short and she loves wearing red dresses. She is good at English. Shelly has long hair. She can speak Japanese and she likes running. We all study hard. What about your school and your friend? Please write soon. Yours, Tony Which country is Tony from?
A. America.
B. England.
C. China.
D. Japan.
|
||
Which event would most likely result in more food for organisms that are scavengers?
|
[
"Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.",
"Trees take up and store water with roots.",
"Beavers build a new dam and lodge.",
"Plants get more sunshine and water."
] | 0A
|
Which event would most likely result in more food for organisms that are scavengers?
A. Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.
B. Trees take up and store water with roots.
C. Beavers build a new dam and lodge.
D. Plants get more sunshine and water.
|
A. Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.
|
Retrieved:
= = ecology = = = = = models = = = = = = = river continuum concept = = = = the ecosystem of a river includes the life that lives in its water, on its banks, and in the surrounding land. the width of the channel of a river, its velocity, and how shaded it is by nearby trees. creatures in a river ecosystem may be divided into many roles based on the river continuum concept. " shredders " are organisms that consume this organic material. the role of a " grazer " or " scraper " organism is to feed on the algae that collects on rocks and plants. " collectors " consume the detritus of dead organisms. lastly, predators feed on living things to survive. the river can then be modeled by the availability of resources for each creature's role. a shady area with deciduous trees might experience frequent deposits of organic matter in the form of leaves. in this type of ecosystem, collectors and shredders will be most active. as the river becomes deeper and wider, it may move slower and receive more sunlight. this supports invertebrates and a variety of fish, as well as scrapers feeding on algae. further downstream, the river may get most of its energy from organic matter that was already processed upstream by collectors and shredders. predators may be more active here, including fish that feed on plants, plankton, and other fish. = = = = flood pulse concept = = = = the flood pulse concept focuses on habitats that flood seasonally, including lakes and marshes. the land that interfaces with a water body is that body's riparian zone. plants in the riparian zone of a river help stabilize its banks to prevent erosion and filter alluvium deposited by the river on the shore, including processing the nitrogen and other nutrients it contains. forests in a riparian zone also provide important animal habitats. = = = = fish zonation concept = = = = river ecosystems have also been categorized based on the variety of aquatic life they can sustain, also known as the fish zonation concept. smaller rivers can only sustain smaller fish that can comfortably fit in its waters, whereas larger rivers can contain both small fish and large fish. this means that larger rivers can host a larger variety of species. this is analogous to the species - area relationship, the concept of larger habitats being host to more species. in this case, it is known as the species - discharge relationship, referring specifically to the discharge of a river, the amount of water passing through it at
Original Instruction:
Which event would most likely result in more food for organisms that are scavengers?
A. Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.
B. Trees take up and store water with roots.
C. Beavers build a new dam and lodge.
D. Plants get more sunshine and water.
|
||
I became a stand- up comic at 12:45 yesterday afternoon when I walked onto a comedy club stage and did a "bit". It was an audition in which people had exactly two minutes each to perform for a producer. I am not a comic, have never appeared onstage, am awkward before many people, and have no social skills. But I have written some funny things in the newspapers, and I figured that if you can write funny, you can be funny. That was my first mistake. Good stand - up comics improve their acts over months if not years, practicing before bathroom mirrors or their friends. I developed the key skill the morning I went on. I also brought a box of plastic beads , because I figured they could be useful. For the first few seconds, I was simply staring forward, mouth open, expressing the concept:"Uuungh". Finally I said, "This is my first performance as a stand - up comic. It's a kind of a special moment for me. I'd like to take this opportunity to say something to my mother, who was an inspiration to me throughout my life. My mother passed away a few years ago, but I feel she is still with me. All the time, wherever I go, I feel her presence. Day in and day out. So I would like to say this to her. LEAVE ME ALONE, MA!" Some people actually laughed. Then I said, "Anyway, this really is my first time onstage, and I'm pretty nervous because I'm not all that funny and I have a really bad stage presence. But I've been working on the problem. A long time ago a Greek guy named Demosthenes had the same problem I have, and he became a great speaker by sticking pebbles in his mouth, so I thought I would (and here I began putting the beads in my mouth) try that. See, the idea is that if you can talk through the pebbles ( now I was putting them in by the handful) you can learn to talk better and wfnm fmuff frmphm grphnm . . ." More laughter. I looked at my watch, said something that might have sounded like "My time is up," and left to somewhat spirited applause. What the audience did not know was that I was quietly choking on a slippery bead. After giving the performance, the author probably felt
|
[
"the audience was stupid",
"being a comic is never easy",
"he would make a great comic",
"he should have brought more beads"
] | 1B
|
I became a stand- up comic at 12:45 yesterday afternoon when I walked onto a comedy club stage and did a "bit". It was an audition in which people had exactly two minutes each to perform for a producer. I am not a comic, have never appeared onstage, am awkward before many people, and have no social skills. But I have written some funny things in the newspapers, and I figured that if you can write funny, you can be funny. That was my first mistake. Good stand - up comics improve their acts over months if not years, practicing before bathroom mirrors or their friends. I developed the key skill the morning I went on. I also brought a box of plastic beads , because I figured they could be useful. For the first few seconds, I was simply staring forward, mouth open, expressing the concept:"Uuungh". Finally I said, "This is my first performance as a stand - up comic. It's a kind of a special moment for me. I'd like to take this opportunity to say something to my mother, who was an inspiration to me throughout my life. My mother passed away a few years ago, but I feel she is still with me. All the time, wherever I go, I feel her presence. Day in and day out. So I would like to say this to her. LEAVE ME ALONE, MA!" Some people actually laughed. Then I said, "Anyway, this really is my first time onstage, and I'm pretty nervous because I'm not all that funny and I have a really bad stage presence. But I've been working on the problem. A long time ago a Greek guy named Demosthenes had the same problem I have, and he became a great speaker by sticking pebbles in his mouth, so I thought I would (and here I began putting the beads in my mouth) try that. See, the idea is that if you can talk through the pebbles ( now I was putting them in by the handful) you can learn to talk better and wfnm fmuff frmphm grphnm . . ." More laughter. I looked at my watch, said something that might have sounded like "My time is up," and left to somewhat spirited applause. What the audience did not know was that I was quietly choking on a slippery bead. After giving the performance, the author probably felt
A. the audience was stupid
B. being a comic is never easy
C. he would make a great comic
D. he should have brought more beads
|
B. being a comic is never easy
|
Retrieved:
comics is a medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. it typically takes the form of a sequence of panels of images. textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia can indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. there is no consensus among theorists and historians on a definition of comics ; some emphasize the combination of images and text, some sequentiality or other image relations, and others historical aspects such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters. cartooning and other forms of illustration are the most common means of image - making in comics. photo comics is a form that uses photographic images. common forms include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, and comic albums, have become increasingly common, along with webcomics as well as scientific / medical comics. the history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. scholars have posited a pre - history as far back as the lascaux cave paintings. by the mid - 20th century, comics flourished, particularly in the united states, western europe ( especially france and belgium ), and japan. the history of european comics is often traced to rodolphe topffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, while wilhelm busch and his max and moritz also had a global impact from 1865 on, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as the adventures of tintin. american comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips ; magazine - style comic books followed in the 1930s, and the superhero genre became prominent after superman appeared in 1938. histories of japanese comics ( manga ) propose origins as early as the 12th century. japanese comics are generally held separate from the evolution of euro - american comics, and western comic art probably originated in 17th - century italy. modern japanese comic strips emerged in the early 20th century, and the output of comic magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post - world war ii era ( 1945 ) – with the popularity of cartoonists such as osamu tezuka. comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of their history, but towards the end of the 20th century, they began to find greater acceptance with the public and academics. the english term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium itself ( e. g. " comics is a visual art form. " ), but becomes plural
Original Instruction:
I became a stand- up comic at 12:45 yesterday afternoon when I walked onto a comedy club stage and did a "bit". It was an audition in which people had exactly two minutes each to perform for a producer. I am not a comic, have never appeared onstage, am awkward before many people, and have no social skills. But I have written some funny things in the newspapers, and I figured that if you can write funny, you can be funny. That was my first mistake. Good stand - up comics improve their acts over months if not years, practicing before bathroom mirrors or their friends. I developed the key skill the morning I went on. I also brought a box of plastic beads , because I figured they could be useful. For the first few seconds, I was simply staring forward, mouth open, expressing the concept:"Uuungh". Finally I said, "This is my first performance as a stand - up comic. It's a kind of a special moment for me. I'd like to take this opportunity to say something to my mother, who was an inspiration to me throughout my life. My mother passed away a few years ago, but I feel she is still with me. All the time, wherever I go, I feel her presence. Day in and day out. So I would like to say this to her. LEAVE ME ALONE, MA!" Some people actually laughed. Then I said, "Anyway, this really is my first time onstage, and I'm pretty nervous because I'm not all that funny and I have a really bad stage presence. But I've been working on the problem. A long time ago a Greek guy named Demosthenes had the same problem I have, and he became a great speaker by sticking pebbles in his mouth, so I thought I would (and here I began putting the beads in my mouth) try that. See, the idea is that if you can talk through the pebbles ( now I was putting them in by the handful) you can learn to talk better and wfnm fmuff frmphm grphnm . . ." More laughter. I looked at my watch, said something that might have sounded like "My time is up," and left to somewhat spirited applause. What the audience did not know was that I was quietly choking on a slippery bead. After giving the performance, the author probably felt
A. the audience was stupid
B. being a comic is never easy
C. he would make a great comic
D. he should have brought more beads
|
||
Hunting The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive. Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself. The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives .One of them wrote. "You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal's own territory . You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing - not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people." I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger--shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so--called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. What is the author's view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?
|
[
"Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face",
"Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons",
"Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers",
"Modern hunters should put their safety first"
] | 0A
|
Hunting The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive. Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself. The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives .One of them wrote. "You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal's own territory . You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing - not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people." I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger--shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so--called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. What is the author's view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?
A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face
B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons
C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers
D. Modern hunters should put their safety first
|
A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face
|
Retrieved:
and the most sustainable way to hunt. techniques vary between government regulations, a hunter's personal ethics, local practices, hunting equipment, and the target animal species. hunters may use a combined of two or more hunting techniques, though law may forbid hunters from using techniques common in activities like poaching and wildlife management. = = = impact = = = the exploitation of animal species currently threatens many species with extinction. particularly in tropical rainforests, where hunting for food poses the most severe threat to many species in tropical rainforests. in some cases, piro shortgun hunters took a limited number of shotgun cartridges on hunting trips, and they usually pay no attention to less profitable prey early in the trip, when the chance for more profitable prey becomes more likely. human disturbance can influence the behaviour of wild animals, which can have inferences for wildlife populations. for example, in northeastern gabon, studies show that hunting and human disturbance decreased the population of large mammals near roads and in more populated areas. in particular, primates like chimpanzees and mandrills were found far from the roads, this could possibly be due to more intense hunting of these species for either bushmeat or in retaliation for crop raiding. most large predators have been extirpated from the range of the white - tailed deer, so hunters have now taken this predatory role. hunters can indirectly affect prey species, indirect behavioural responses includes altered selection of resource, space use or movement. deers realize that humans are a threat and adapt behavioural strategies by minimizing movement and showing high resistancy times in established ranges, factors that influence harvest susceptibility. = = see also = = pursuit predation pack hunting trophic level anti - predator adaptation = = references = =
Original Instruction:
Hunting The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive. Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself. The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives .One of them wrote. "You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal's own territory . You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing - not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people." I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger--shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so--called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. What is the author's view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?
A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face
B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons
C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers
D. Modern hunters should put their safety first
|
||
Hello, my name is Mike.I am from England. I am a new student in Jason School. I am in Class 2, Grade 1. I go to school 5 days a week and there are 6 classes a day. There are 25 students in my class. I am very happy to meet them. English is my favorite lesson. Miss Green is my English teacher. She is 27 years old. I like having her class. There is a computer in my classroom. Miss Green likes playing English songs on the computer in her class and we like these songs. Now I can sing many English songs. There are some pictures in the classroom because some students like drawing pictures and they draw very well. I like my classroom and my new school. Welcome to my school! How many classes are there in the school a day?
|
[
"Five.",
"Six.",
"Seven.",
"Eight."
] | 1B
|
Hello, my name is Mike.I am from England. I am a new student in Jason School. I am in Class 2, Grade 1. I go to school 5 days a week and there are 6 classes a day. There are 25 students in my class. I am very happy to meet them. English is my favorite lesson. Miss Green is my English teacher. She is 27 years old. I like having her class. There is a computer in my classroom. Miss Green likes playing English songs on the computer in her class and we like these songs. Now I can sing many English songs. There are some pictures in the classroom because some students like drawing pictures and they draw very well. I like my classroom and my new school. Welcome to my school! How many classes are there in the school a day?
A. Five.
B. Six.
C. Seven.
D. Eight.
|
B. Six.
|
Retrieved:
the responsibility of the instructor to provide safe spaces for students to practice and develop their translanguaging skills. teachers must plan out the translanguaging practices to be used with their students just as each lesson must be planned out, as translanguaging is not random. by reading bilingual authors and texts, teachers give the students the chance to experience two or more languages together and help compare and contrast the languages for the children. importantly, the use of translanguaging in the classroom enables language acquisition for the students without the direct insertion or influence of the teacher. while teachers do not need to become a compendium of the languages or language varieties practiced in their classrooms, they do need to be open to working with these new languages and language varieties to encourage student participation in translanguaging. language immersion programs can implement translanguaging as a technique to transform language learning. educators can incorporate students'previous knowledge to encourage students to collaborate and make connections. simultaneously, translanguaging can be implemented at home to allow students from multilingual families to connect words from another language to communicate better. = = = higher education = = = many students will use translanguaging in higher education where they are attending a university that does not have their first language as the medium of instruction. the students use their multiple languages as resources in their learning and understanding of subjects and ideas. an environment of multiple languages spoken with various repertoires allows a greater multilingual competence of subjects taught and reviewed in each language available. bilingual or multilingual students in higher education who study in their native tongue and the medium of instruction used at their institutions are studied to determine how to reform primary and secondary education. this creates room for discussion of primary and secondary school systems and their language ( s ) of instruction. translanguaging in higher education has been seen mostly within north america and in the united kingdom. there are certain countries that are accepting of multilingual policies, such as india. however, places such as the united arab emirates are not accepting of adopting languages into their school systems. = = = language comparisons = = = grammatical structure, pronunciation, word roots can be very similar across languages, making it easier to understand them by comparing languages to one another. learners can compare and contrast the grammatical structure and sounds of new languages to known languages to build understanding. translanguaging can also enhance lexical skills such as word naming and application as some cognates support comprehension and morphological understanding in different languages. for example, " water " in
Original Instruction:
Hello, my name is Mike.I am from England. I am a new student in Jason School. I am in Class 2, Grade 1. I go to school 5 days a week and there are 6 classes a day. There are 25 students in my class. I am very happy to meet them. English is my favorite lesson. Miss Green is my English teacher. She is 27 years old. I like having her class. There is a computer in my classroom. Miss Green likes playing English songs on the computer in her class and we like these songs. Now I can sing many English songs. There are some pictures in the classroom because some students like drawing pictures and they draw very well. I like my classroom and my new school. Welcome to my school! How many classes are there in the school a day?
A. Five.
B. Six.
C. Seven.
D. Eight.
|
||
A man plugs his television into an outlet behind a cabinet. He sees that the television may now be turned on so that he can watch his favorite show. The man knows that by hooking the t.v. cord into the outlet
|
[
"he completed a lap",
"he made a good deal",
"he invented new circuits",
"he completed a circuit"
] | 3D
|
A man plugs his television into an outlet behind a cabinet. He sees that the television may now be turned on so that he can watch his favorite show. The man knows that by hooking the t.v. cord into the outlet
A. he completed a lap
B. he made a good deal
C. he invented new circuits
D. he completed a circuit
|
D. he completed a circuit
|
Retrieved:
the line output stage had to boost its own ht supply to between 900 and 1200 volts ( depending on screen size and design ). transistor line output stages, although not requiring supply voltages above the rectified mains voltage, nevertheless still developed extra voltage over the normal supply rail to avoid complicating the power supply circuitry. a typical transistor stage would produce between 20 and 50'extra'volts. some details of the way in which the nominally 190 volts ht supply was boosted to nearly 500 volts in the 1951 bush tv22 are described in a technical publication. ac / dc televisions were produced well into the color and semiconductor era ( some sets were tube / semiconductor hybrids ). = = transistor radios = = with widespread adoption of solid - state design in the 1970s, voltage and power requirements for tabletop portable radio receivers dropped significantly. one common approach was to design a battery - powered radio ( typically 6 volts dc from four dry cells ) but include a small built - in step down transformer and rectifier to allow mains electricity ( 120 v or 240 v ac, depending on region ) as an alternative to battery - powered operation. = = see also = = = = notes and references = =
Original Instruction:
A man plugs his television into an outlet behind a cabinet. He sees that the television may now be turned on so that he can watch his favorite show. The man knows that by hooking the t.v. cord into the outlet
A. he completed a lap
B. he made a good deal
C. he invented new circuits
D. he completed a circuit
|
||
Dolphins are our friends. They can use tools to solve problems although they don't have hands. For example, scientists have ever found that a dolphin can make a shy eel come out of its hole with a dead fish. Dolphins use different sounds to exchange information with each other. Scientists in Hawaii have developed a sign language to give instructions to dolphins, and the results are amazing. They find that dolphins not only understand the meaning of individual words, but also understand the importance of word order in a sentence. Most animals enjoy playing -- but dolphins seem to like making their games as challenging as possible. On a beautiful day in 1997, scientists at a beach watched a little dog going into the sea and swimming towards the dolphins. To their surprise, the dolphins came up to the dog and then started throwing it into the air. The dog seemed to enjoy the "game" and continued playing with the dolphins for more than an hour. Dolphins live in a very different world from ours, but they are very good at our "IQ tests" . For example, they will jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise. They do this because they will get a fish as a prize. There is still much to learn about these cute problem-solvers, but it is certain that watching a dolphin show is fun. ,. (5) Why do the dolphins jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise?
|
[
"Because they want to get a fish as a prize.",
"Because they enjoy playing on the water.",
"Because they want to play with other dolphins.",
"Because the dolphin keepers want them to come out."
] | 0A
|
Dolphins are our friends. They can use tools to solve problems although they don't have hands. For example, scientists have ever found that a dolphin can make a shy eel come out of its hole with a dead fish. Dolphins use different sounds to exchange information with each other. Scientists in Hawaii have developed a sign language to give instructions to dolphins, and the results are amazing. They find that dolphins not only understand the meaning of individual words, but also understand the importance of word order in a sentence. Most animals enjoy playing -- but dolphins seem to like making their games as challenging as possible. On a beautiful day in 1997, scientists at a beach watched a little dog going into the sea and swimming towards the dolphins. To their surprise, the dolphins came up to the dog and then started throwing it into the air. The dog seemed to enjoy the "game" and continued playing with the dolphins for more than an hour. Dolphins live in a very different world from ours, but they are very good at our "IQ tests" . For example, they will jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise. They do this because they will get a fish as a prize. There is still much to learn about these cute problem-solvers, but it is certain that watching a dolphin show is fun. ,. (5) Why do the dolphins jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise?
A. Because they want to get a fish as a prize.
B. Because they enjoy playing on the water.
C. Because they want to play with other dolphins.
D. Because the dolphin keepers want them to come out.
|
A. Because they want to get a fish as a prize.
|
Retrieved:
dogs checked more frequently before selecting the fence when they did not see the baiting process compared with when they saw where the reward was hidden. however, contrary to apes, dogs did not show more checking behaviors when the delay between baiting the reward and selecting the fence was longer. their findings suggested that dogs have some aspect of information - searching behaviors but less flexibly compared to apes. = = = in dolphins = = = smith et al. ( 1995 ) evaluated whether dolphins have the ability of metacognitive monitoring in an auditory threshold paradigm. a bottlenosed dolphin was trained to discriminate between high - frequency tones and low - frequency tones. an escape option was available on some trials associated with a small reward. their studies showed that dolphins could appropriately use the uncertain response when the trials were difficult to discriminate. = = = debate = = = there is consensus that nonhuman primates, especially great apes and rhesus monkeys, exhibit metacognitive control and monitoring behaviors. but less convergent evidence was found in other animals such as rats and pigeons. some researchers criticized these methods and posited that these performances might be accounted for by low - level conditioning mechanisms. animals learned the association between reward and external stimuli through simple reinforcement models. however, many studies have demonstrated that the reinforcement model alone cannot explain animals ’ behavioral patterns. animals have shown adaptive metacognitive behavior even with the absence of concrete reward. = = strategies = = metacognitive - like processes are especially ubiquitous when it comes to the discussion of self - regulated learning. self - regulation requires metacognition by looking at one's awareness of their learning and planning further learning methodology. attentive metacognition is a salient feature of good self - regulated learners, but does not guarantee automatic application. reinforcing collective discussion of metacognition is a salient feature of self - critical and self - regulating social groups. the activities of strategy selection and application include those concerned with an ongoing attempt to plan, check, monitor, select, revise, evaluate, etc. metacognition is'stable'in that learners'initial decisions derive from the pertinent facts about their cognition through years of learning experience. simultaneously, it is also'situated'in the sense that it depends on learners'familiarity with the task, motivation, emotion, and so forth. individuals need to regulate their thoughts about the strategy they are using and adjust it based on the situation to which the strategy is being applied. at
Original Instruction:
Dolphins are our friends. They can use tools to solve problems although they don't have hands. For example, scientists have ever found that a dolphin can make a shy eel come out of its hole with a dead fish. Dolphins use different sounds to exchange information with each other. Scientists in Hawaii have developed a sign language to give instructions to dolphins, and the results are amazing. They find that dolphins not only understand the meaning of individual words, but also understand the importance of word order in a sentence. Most animals enjoy playing -- but dolphins seem to like making their games as challenging as possible. On a beautiful day in 1997, scientists at a beach watched a little dog going into the sea and swimming towards the dolphins. To their surprise, the dolphins came up to the dog and then started throwing it into the air. The dog seemed to enjoy the "game" and continued playing with the dolphins for more than an hour. Dolphins live in a very different world from ours, but they are very good at our "IQ tests" . For example, they will jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise. They do this because they will get a fish as a prize. There is still much to learn about these cute problem-solvers, but it is certain that watching a dolphin show is fun. ,. (5) Why do the dolphins jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise?
A. Because they want to get a fish as a prize.
B. Because they enjoy playing on the water.
C. Because they want to play with other dolphins.
D. Because the dolphin keepers want them to come out.
|
||
A group of frogs were travelling through the woods. Two of them, Nick and Jack, fell into a deep pit . All the other frogs gathered around the pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told Nick and Jack that they were as good as dead. Nick and Jack ignored what the other frogs said and tried to jump up out of the pit with all of their strength. The other frogs went on telling them to stop, and that they were as good as dead. Nick listened to them and gave up. Finally, he fell down and died. Jack continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the frogs around the pit shouted at him to stop the pain and just die. Jack jumped even harder and finally got out. When he was out, the other frogs asked, "Did not you hear us?" Jack explained to them that he was deaf. He thought they were encouraging him all the time. From the story we know _ died in the end.
|
[
"Nick",
"Jack",
"Nick and Jack",
"all the frogs"
] | 0A
|
A group of frogs were travelling through the woods. Two of them, Nick and Jack, fell into a deep pit . All the other frogs gathered around the pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told Nick and Jack that they were as good as dead. Nick and Jack ignored what the other frogs said and tried to jump up out of the pit with all of their strength. The other frogs went on telling them to stop, and that they were as good as dead. Nick listened to them and gave up. Finally, he fell down and died. Jack continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the frogs around the pit shouted at him to stop the pain and just die. Jack jumped even harder and finally got out. When he was out, the other frogs asked, "Did not you hear us?" Jack explained to them that he was deaf. He thought they were encouraging him all the time. From the story we know _ died in the end.
A. Nick
B. Jack
C. Nick and Jack
D. all the frogs
|
A. Nick
|
Retrieved:
frogs and toads produce a rich variety of sounds, calls, and songs during their courtship and mating rituals. the callers, usually males, make stereotyped sounds in order to advertise their location, their mating readiness and their willingness to defend their territory ; listeners respond to the calls by return calling, by approach, and by going silent. these responses have been shown to be important for species recognition, mate assessment, and localization. beginning with the pioneering experiments of robert capranica in the 1930s using playback techniques with normal and synthetic calls, behavioral biologists and neurobiologists have teamed up to use frogs and toads as a model system for understanding the auditory function and evolution. it is now considered an important example of the neural basis of animal behavior, because of the simplicity of the sounds, the relative ease with which neurophysiological recordings can be made from the auditory nerve, and the reliability of localization behavior. acoustic communication is essential for the frog's survival in both territorial defense and in localization and attraction of mates. sounds from frogs travel through the air, through water, and through the substrate. frogs and toads largely ignore sounds that are not conspecific calls or those of predators, with only louder noises startling the animals. even then, unless major vibration is included, they usually do not take any action unless the source has been visually identified. the neural basis of communication and audition gives insights into the science of sound applied to human communication. = = sound communication = = = = = behavioral ecology = = = frogs are more often heard than seen, and other frogs ( and researchers ) rely on their calls to identify them. depending on the region that the frog lives in, certain times of the year are better for breeding than others, and frogs may live away from the best breeding grounds when it is not the species ’ mating season. during the breeding season, they congregate to the best breeding site and compete for call time and recognition. species that have a narrow mating season due to ponds that dry up have the most vigorous calls. = = = calling strategy = = = = = = = male - male competition = = = = in multiple frog species only males call. each species has a distinct call, though even among the same species, different dialects are found in different regions. although humans cannot detect the differences in dialects, frogs distinguish between regional dialects. for example, male bullfrogs can recognize the calls of their direct territorial neighbors. by ignoring the calls of these neighbors
Original Instruction:
A group of frogs were travelling through the woods. Two of them, Nick and Jack, fell into a deep pit . All the other frogs gathered around the pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told Nick and Jack that they were as good as dead. Nick and Jack ignored what the other frogs said and tried to jump up out of the pit with all of their strength. The other frogs went on telling them to stop, and that they were as good as dead. Nick listened to them and gave up. Finally, he fell down and died. Jack continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the frogs around the pit shouted at him to stop the pain and just die. Jack jumped even harder and finally got out. When he was out, the other frogs asked, "Did not you hear us?" Jack explained to them that he was deaf. He thought they were encouraging him all the time. From the story we know _ died in the end.
A. Nick
B. Jack
C. Nick and Jack
D. all the frogs
|
||
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) members met in Beijing from November 5 to 11 to discuss the future of APEC and the overall development of the Asia-Pacific area. APEC, which was set up in 1989,is a forum for 21 member countries to develop free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific area. Though Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation came to a successful close, the "APEC Blue" has become popular in Beijing, even in China. A clear blue sky in Beijing is difficult to see during the smog season, so Beijingers gave it a name: "APEC Blue". "Oh, how beautiful the autumn sky is and how fresh the air is!" This is how most Beijingers feel during APEC. "I hope the APEC Blue will remain, and I believe, through the efforts we continue to make, it will." A lot of environmentally friendly ways were taken to reduce the Beijing smog during the APEC meeting, including limiting the number of cars on the road, stopping some factories in neighboring cities and so on. Perhaps we can learn something from London, where the Great Smog killed 4,000 people :in four days in 1952. Britain then passed its first air pollution act, which required that all power plants in London should be shut down, factories must build taller chimneys, and the heating system must be improved. In order to keep "APEC Blue", Beijing plans to build air corridors to blow away pollution. Not all agree with this way. Song Guojun, a professor of _ at Renmin University, believes that this way will not solve the problem at its root, and only by controlling the source of pollution will Beijing see bluer skies. APEC has been set up for _ years.
|
[
"21",
"1989",
"25",
"6"
] | 2C
|
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) members met in Beijing from November 5 to 11 to discuss the future of APEC and the overall development of the Asia-Pacific area. APEC, which was set up in 1989,is a forum for 21 member countries to develop free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific area. Though Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation came to a successful close, the "APEC Blue" has become popular in Beijing, even in China. A clear blue sky in Beijing is difficult to see during the smog season, so Beijingers gave it a name: "APEC Blue". "Oh, how beautiful the autumn sky is and how fresh the air is!" This is how most Beijingers feel during APEC. "I hope the APEC Blue will remain, and I believe, through the efforts we continue to make, it will." A lot of environmentally friendly ways were taken to reduce the Beijing smog during the APEC meeting, including limiting the number of cars on the road, stopping some factories in neighboring cities and so on. Perhaps we can learn something from London, where the Great Smog killed 4,000 people :in four days in 1952. Britain then passed its first air pollution act, which required that all power plants in London should be shut down, factories must build taller chimneys, and the heating system must be improved. In order to keep "APEC Blue", Beijing plans to build air corridors to blow away pollution. Not all agree with this way. Song Guojun, a professor of _ at Renmin University, believes that this way will not solve the problem at its root, and only by controlling the source of pollution will Beijing see bluer skies. APEC has been set up for _ years.
A. 21
B. 1989
C. 25
D. 6
|
C. 25
|
Retrieved:
described in a section of the kuznets curve article ). citizens demand better air and water quality, and technology becomes more efficient and clean when incomes increase. the level of income per capita needed to reverse the trend of environmental degradation in industrializing nations varies with the environmental impact indicator. more developed nations can facilitate eco - friendly transitions in emerging economies by investing in the development of clean technologies. laws implemented in response to environmental concerns vary by nation ( see list of environmental laws by country ). = = = china = = = china's environmental ills include acid rain, severe smog, and a reliance on coal - burning for energy. china has instated environmental policies since the 1970s, and has one of the most extensive environmental conservation programs on paper. however, regulation and enforcement by the central government in beijing are weak, so solutions are decentralized. wealthier provinces are far more effective in their preservation and sustainable development efforts than poorer regions. china therefore provides an example of the consequences of environmental damage falling disproportionately on the poor. ngos, the media, and the international community have all contributed to china's response to environmental problems. for history, laws, and policies, see environmental policy in china. = = = india = = = in 1976, the constitution of india was amended to reflect environmental priorities, motivated in part by the potential threat of natural resource depletion to economic growth : " the state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife. " ( art. 48a ) " it shall be the duty of every citizen of india [... ] to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures. " ( art. 51a ) however, in india, as in china, the implementation of written environmental policies, laws, and amendments has proven challenging. official legislation by the central government ( see a partial list at environmental policy of the government of india ) is often more symbolic than practical. the ministry of environment and forests was established in 1985, but corruption within bureaucratic agencies, namely the influence of wealthy industry leaders, limited any attempts at enforcement of the policies put in place. under the leadership of prime minister narendra modi, the ministry was renamed to the " ministry of environment, forests, and climate change " in 2014 with its allotted budget being decreased by 50 %. = = = brazil = = = in 1985, the brazilian government established the ministry of environment and climate change ( brazil
Original Instruction:
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) members met in Beijing from November 5 to 11 to discuss the future of APEC and the overall development of the Asia-Pacific area. APEC, which was set up in 1989,is a forum for 21 member countries to develop free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific area. Though Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation came to a successful close, the "APEC Blue" has become popular in Beijing, even in China. A clear blue sky in Beijing is difficult to see during the smog season, so Beijingers gave it a name: "APEC Blue". "Oh, how beautiful the autumn sky is and how fresh the air is!" This is how most Beijingers feel during APEC. "I hope the APEC Blue will remain, and I believe, through the efforts we continue to make, it will." A lot of environmentally friendly ways were taken to reduce the Beijing smog during the APEC meeting, including limiting the number of cars on the road, stopping some factories in neighboring cities and so on. Perhaps we can learn something from London, where the Great Smog killed 4,000 people :in four days in 1952. Britain then passed its first air pollution act, which required that all power plants in London should be shut down, factories must build taller chimneys, and the heating system must be improved. In order to keep "APEC Blue", Beijing plans to build air corridors to blow away pollution. Not all agree with this way. Song Guojun, a professor of _ at Renmin University, believes that this way will not solve the problem at its root, and only by controlling the source of pollution will Beijing see bluer skies. APEC has been set up for _ years.
A. 21
B. 1989
C. 25
D. 6
|
||
Everybody is familiar with Christmas music; its played everywhere. Whether it's the music from a grocery store or random songs on the radio, holiday music remains to flood in the air from the day after Thanksgiving to the beginning of December. Christmas music gets extremely over- played through the Holiday season. "'I think the common seasonal Christmas music is annoying because it keeps being played over and over."said junior Devin McFarland. The Christmas music still played today is what she heard in her childhood. Some famous Christmas songs have never been changed. The original music is played so much that in some cases people dream about or even sing Christmas music in their sleep. She wishes that there was a wider variety of songs. She likes the newer Christmas songs that bands either re- make or write themselves. "They have a fresher sound to Christmas songs, and they add their own characteristics to them so that they are more like their own songs. " McFarland explained. Christmas is known as a happy and homecoming festival, so the holiday season is meant to be spent happily with your family. It is recognized that the music media wants to get the point across and add to the festival atmosphere. But isn't the music being pushed to the public too much? Most grocery stores play the music non-stop ,Christmas song after Christmas song, disgusting the customers who don't like that kind of music. You can walk through stores and attempt turning off the music, but sometimes it's impossible to do so. On the other hand, almost everyone has witnessed random persons walking along happily and either singing or whistling to the tune of the song that's played throughout the store. Why does Devin think common seasonal Christmas music is annoying? _ .
|
[
"Because the music is played at random",
"Because it has become more commercial",
"Because the music is played too much",
"Because everyone is familiar with Christmas"
] | 2C
|
Everybody is familiar with Christmas music; its played everywhere. Whether it's the music from a grocery store or random songs on the radio, holiday music remains to flood in the air from the day after Thanksgiving to the beginning of December. Christmas music gets extremely over- played through the Holiday season. "'I think the common seasonal Christmas music is annoying because it keeps being played over and over."said junior Devin McFarland. The Christmas music still played today is what she heard in her childhood. Some famous Christmas songs have never been changed. The original music is played so much that in some cases people dream about or even sing Christmas music in their sleep. She wishes that there was a wider variety of songs. She likes the newer Christmas songs that bands either re- make or write themselves. "They have a fresher sound to Christmas songs, and they add their own characteristics to them so that they are more like their own songs. " McFarland explained. Christmas is known as a happy and homecoming festival, so the holiday season is meant to be spent happily with your family. It is recognized that the music media wants to get the point across and add to the festival atmosphere. But isn't the music being pushed to the public too much? Most grocery stores play the music non-stop ,Christmas song after Christmas song, disgusting the customers who don't like that kind of music. You can walk through stores and attempt turning off the music, but sometimes it's impossible to do so. On the other hand, almost everyone has witnessed random persons walking along happily and either singing or whistling to the tune of the song that's played throughout the store. Why does Devin think common seasonal Christmas music is annoying? _ .
A. Because the music is played at random
B. Because it has become more commercial
C. Because the music is played too much
D. Because everyone is familiar with Christmas
|
C. Because the music is played too much
|
Retrieved:
sounds. four were triggered when hearing standard acoustic features, one specifically responded to speech, and the last exclusively responded to music. researchers who studied the correlation between temporal evolution of timbral, tonal and rhythmic features of music, came to the conclusion that music engages the brain regions connected to motor actions, emotions and creativity. the research indicates that the whole brain " lights up " when listening to music. this amount of activity boosts memory preservation, hence pattern recognition. recognizing patterns of music is different for a musician and a listener. although a musician may play the same notes every time, the details of the frequency will always be different. the listener will recognize the musical pattern and their types despite the variations. these musical types are conceptual and learned, meaning they might vary culturally. while listeners are involved with recognizing ( implicit ) musical material, musicians are involved with recalling them ( explicit ). a ucla study found that when watching or hearing music being played, neurons associated with the muscles needed for playing the instrument fire. mirror neurons light up when musicians and non - musicians listen to a piece. = = = developmental issues = = = pattern recognition of music can build and strengthen other skills, such as musical synchrony and attentional performance and musical notation and brain engagement. even a few years of musical training enhances memory and attention levels. scientists at university of newcastle conducted a study on patients with severe acquired brain injuries ( abis ) and healthy participants, using popular music to examine music - evoked autobiographical memories ( meams ). the participants were asked to record their familiarity with the songs, whether they liked them and what memories they evoked. the results showed that the abi patients had the highest meams, and all the participants had meams of a person, people or life period that were generally positive. the participants completed the task by utilizing pattern recognition skills. memory evocation caused the songs to sound more familiar and well - liked. this research can be beneficial to rehabilitating patients of autobiographical amnesia who do not have fundamental deficiency in autobiographical recall memory and intact pitch perception. in a study at university of california, davis mapped the brain of participants while they listened to music. the results showed links between brain regions to autobiographical memories and emotions activated by familiar music. this study can explain the strong response of patients with alzheimer's disease to music. this research can help such patients with pattern recognition - enhancing tasks. = = false pattern recognition = = the human tendency to see patterns that do not actually exist is called apophenia. examples
Original Instruction:
Everybody is familiar with Christmas music; its played everywhere. Whether it's the music from a grocery store or random songs on the radio, holiday music remains to flood in the air from the day after Thanksgiving to the beginning of December. Christmas music gets extremely over- played through the Holiday season. "'I think the common seasonal Christmas music is annoying because it keeps being played over and over."said junior Devin McFarland. The Christmas music still played today is what she heard in her childhood. Some famous Christmas songs have never been changed. The original music is played so much that in some cases people dream about or even sing Christmas music in their sleep. She wishes that there was a wider variety of songs. She likes the newer Christmas songs that bands either re- make or write themselves. "They have a fresher sound to Christmas songs, and they add their own characteristics to them so that they are more like their own songs. " McFarland explained. Christmas is known as a happy and homecoming festival, so the holiday season is meant to be spent happily with your family. It is recognized that the music media wants to get the point across and add to the festival atmosphere. But isn't the music being pushed to the public too much? Most grocery stores play the music non-stop ,Christmas song after Christmas song, disgusting the customers who don't like that kind of music. You can walk through stores and attempt turning off the music, but sometimes it's impossible to do so. On the other hand, almost everyone has witnessed random persons walking along happily and either singing or whistling to the tune of the song that's played throughout the store. Why does Devin think common seasonal Christmas music is annoying? _ .
A. Because the music is played at random
B. Because it has become more commercial
C. Because the music is played too much
D. Because everyone is familiar with Christmas
|
||
The "Thumbs-Up" While Western culture has become used to the thumbs-up as a positive signal (probably coming from World War II pilots using the signal to communicate that they were "good to go" with ground crews), there are cultures where a thumbs-up may land you in trouble. In West Africa, as well as Greece, Italy and Middle East, the thumbs-up is pretty much the biggest insult . Rather more charming is a thumbs-up in Germany and in parts of Japan --they just see it as the hand signal for the number one. The "A-OK" This sign is mainly used by divers to mean "OK"(to prevent being confused with the thumbs-up sign, which means "rise"). Basically the meaning comes out as "great", or "completely fine". However, in a few countries in Europe, people may think you're telling them that you think they're a 'zero'. The "V Sign" The sign comes in two formats: one with the palm faced outwards, and one with the palm inwards. In America they mean the same thing --"victory". However, if the outside of your hand is facing your target, you're giving somebody a long-established insult in Great Britain and many English-speaking countries such as Australia, Ireland and New Zealand. Winston Churchill famously used the "incorrect" version of the V sign during the early years of the war, turning the outside inside later. The V sign is also considered rude in Italy. The "Corna" The corna hand gesture has most recently been adopted by fans of rock and heavy metal music.Nowadays many Americans use the gesture simply to mean "rock on", or in support of the University of Texas in Austin (known as the "Hook'em Horns"). Today it is still popular in Spain, Brazil and Slovakia . Historically, however, the symbol possibly dates back to Ancient Greece. Which of the following signs doesn't have an insulting meaning?
|
[
"The \"Thumbs-Up\".",
"The \"A-OK\".",
"The \"V Sign\".",
"The \"Corna\"."
] | 3D
|
The "Thumbs-Up" While Western culture has become used to the thumbs-up as a positive signal (probably coming from World War II pilots using the signal to communicate that they were "good to go" with ground crews), there are cultures where a thumbs-up may land you in trouble. In West Africa, as well as Greece, Italy and Middle East, the thumbs-up is pretty much the biggest insult . Rather more charming is a thumbs-up in Germany and in parts of Japan --they just see it as the hand signal for the number one. The "A-OK" This sign is mainly used by divers to mean "OK"(to prevent being confused with the thumbs-up sign, which means "rise"). Basically the meaning comes out as "great", or "completely fine". However, in a few countries in Europe, people may think you're telling them that you think they're a 'zero'. The "V Sign" The sign comes in two formats: one with the palm faced outwards, and one with the palm inwards. In America they mean the same thing --"victory". However, if the outside of your hand is facing your target, you're giving somebody a long-established insult in Great Britain and many English-speaking countries such as Australia, Ireland and New Zealand. Winston Churchill famously used the "incorrect" version of the V sign during the early years of the war, turning the outside inside later. The V sign is also considered rude in Italy. The "Corna" The corna hand gesture has most recently been adopted by fans of rock and heavy metal music.Nowadays many Americans use the gesture simply to mean "rock on", or in support of the University of Texas in Austin (known as the "Hook'em Horns"). Today it is still popular in Spain, Brazil and Slovakia . Historically, however, the symbol possibly dates back to Ancient Greece. Which of the following signs doesn't have an insulting meaning?
A. The "Thumbs-Up".
B. The "A-OK".
C. The "V Sign".
D. The "Corna".
|
D. The "Corna".
|
Retrieved:
representing the ideal harmonious relationships. these different cultural values affect a person's everyday behaviours, decisions and emotional display. people learn how to greet one another, how to interact with others, what, where, when and how to display emotions through the people they interact with and the place they grow up in. everything can be traced back to one's culture. gestures is an example of how one may express oneself, however these gestures represent different meanings depending on the culture. for example, in canada, sticking out one's tongue is a sign of disgust or disapproval, however in tibet it is a sign of respect when greeting someone. in america, holding one's middle and index fingers up makes the peace sign, while in some countries such as the uk and australia it a sign of disrespect. high and low - contact cultures also vary in the amount of physical interaction and direct contact there is during one - on - one communication. high - contact cultures involve people practicing direct eye contact, frequent touching, physical contact, and having close proximity to others. examples of countries that have a high - contact culture include mexico, italy, and brazil. low - contact cultures involve people who practice less direct eye contact, little touching, have indirect body orientation, and more physical distance between people. examples of countries that have a low - contact culture include the united states, canada, and japan. individualist and collectivistic cultures have different social norms for display rules. personal feelings and expressionism tend to have greater importance in individualistic cultures than collectivistic ones. although there is still variability within the two, further research is needed on intercultural variability. it is hypothesized that there would be greater ingroup differences within individualistic cultures from person to person, known as interindividual variations. = = social influence = = = = = family and peers = = = ekman and friesen ( 1975 ) have suggested that unwritten codes or " display rules " govern the manner in which emotions may be expressed, and that different rules may be internalized as a function of an individual's culture, gender or family background. for instance, many different cultures necessitate that particular emotions should be masked and that other emotions should be expressed drastically. emotions can have significant consequences on the founding of interpersonal relationships. children's understanding and use of display rules is strongly associated with their social competence and surrounding. many personal display rules are learned in the context of a particular family or experience ; many expressive behaviour and
Original Instruction:
The "Thumbs-Up" While Western culture has become used to the thumbs-up as a positive signal (probably coming from World War II pilots using the signal to communicate that they were "good to go" with ground crews), there are cultures where a thumbs-up may land you in trouble. In West Africa, as well as Greece, Italy and Middle East, the thumbs-up is pretty much the biggest insult . Rather more charming is a thumbs-up in Germany and in parts of Japan --they just see it as the hand signal for the number one. The "A-OK" This sign is mainly used by divers to mean "OK"(to prevent being confused with the thumbs-up sign, which means "rise"). Basically the meaning comes out as "great", or "completely fine". However, in a few countries in Europe, people may think you're telling them that you think they're a 'zero'. The "V Sign" The sign comes in two formats: one with the palm faced outwards, and one with the palm inwards. In America they mean the same thing --"victory". However, if the outside of your hand is facing your target, you're giving somebody a long-established insult in Great Britain and many English-speaking countries such as Australia, Ireland and New Zealand. Winston Churchill famously used the "incorrect" version of the V sign during the early years of the war, turning the outside inside later. The V sign is also considered rude in Italy. The "Corna" The corna hand gesture has most recently been adopted by fans of rock and heavy metal music.Nowadays many Americans use the gesture simply to mean "rock on", or in support of the University of Texas in Austin (known as the "Hook'em Horns"). Today it is still popular in Spain, Brazil and Slovakia . Historically, however, the symbol possibly dates back to Ancient Greece. Which of the following signs doesn't have an insulting meaning?
A. The "Thumbs-Up".
B. The "A-OK".
C. The "V Sign".
D. The "Corna".
|
||
I am my mother's third girl. When I was born, the doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was missing, below the elbow(,). Then he gave her some advice, "Don't treat her any differently from other girls." And she did! There were five girls in our family and we all had to help out. Once when I was about seven, I came out of the kitchen, "Mum, I can't peel potatoes. I only have one hand." "You get back to peel potatoes, and don't ever use that as an excuse for anything again!" Of course I could peel potatoes--with my good hand and my other arm. "Jenny, if you try hard enough," she said, "you can do anything." Once in the second grade, our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bar . When it was my turn, I said no. some kids laughed. I went home crying. The next afternoon Mum took me back to the school playground. "Now, pull up with your right arm," she advised. She praised me when I made progress. I'll never forget when I was crossing the bar, the kids were standing there with their mouths open. It was the way with everything. Mum had the courage to face anything. and she taught me I could, too. How many younger sisters do I have?
|
[
"Two.",
"Three.",
"Four.",
"Five."
] | 0A
|
I am my mother's third girl. When I was born, the doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was missing, below the elbow(,). Then he gave her some advice, "Don't treat her any differently from other girls." And she did! There were five girls in our family and we all had to help out. Once when I was about seven, I came out of the kitchen, "Mum, I can't peel potatoes. I only have one hand." "You get back to peel potatoes, and don't ever use that as an excuse for anything again!" Of course I could peel potatoes--with my good hand and my other arm. "Jenny, if you try hard enough," she said, "you can do anything." Once in the second grade, our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bar . When it was my turn, I said no. some kids laughed. I went home crying. The next afternoon Mum took me back to the school playground. "Now, pull up with your right arm," she advised. She praised me when I made progress. I'll never forget when I was crossing the bar, the kids were standing there with their mouths open. It was the way with everything. Mum had the courage to face anything. and she taught me I could, too. How many younger sisters do I have?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
|
A. Two.
|
Retrieved:
and emotional distress, than those who were unaccompanied. however, nurses involved in the study still preferred the children to be admitted on their own, but also admitted that mothers were a great help to their children, but felt it was much easier to carry out the medical procedure when the child was left on their own, which enabled the nurse to have a closer contact with the child. research also showed, that 4 % of mothers were difficult to handle by the nursing staff the seminal report by pamela hawthorn, published in 1974 and called nurse, i want my mummy! changed the face of patient care in the uk. commenting on the report in the bbc article, professor martin johnson, professor of nursing at the university of salford, stated of the report that : pamela's study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital... of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was ever coming back.... but children were alone and depressed so hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit. hawthorn investigated nursing care in 11 hospitals, used qualified nurses who asked questions from standardised questionnaires to gather the research, and found that unrestricted nursing times ranged from the full days access to just a few hours a day. in wards that recognised and implemented platt's recommendations, it was found that children were less likely to be lonely or miserable. the most important finding from the study and what prevented the widespread uptake of platt's recommendations was the lack of registered sick children's nurses ( rscn ) on the wards. hawthorn's report found that only 575 rscn nurses were being trained annually in the 1960s and 1970s, which was insufficient to ensure that every children's emotional and psychological needs were being addressed properly while in ward. = = = 1980 – 2009 shift to parental participation = = = by the 1980s, it was obvious to observers that the situation was changing with respect to the ability of parents to visit their sick children in hospital and care for them. pressure groups like the national association for the welfare of children in hospital worked tirelessly to push back the boundaries of care, and influenced the development of advocacy in the wider social contract. in 1982, an nawch survey was conducted that looked at access on children's wards throughout england by rosemary thornes. the report found that 49 % of wards studied
Original Instruction:
I am my mother's third girl. When I was born, the doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was missing, below the elbow(,). Then he gave her some advice, "Don't treat her any differently from other girls." And she did! There were five girls in our family and we all had to help out. Once when I was about seven, I came out of the kitchen, "Mum, I can't peel potatoes. I only have one hand." "You get back to peel potatoes, and don't ever use that as an excuse for anything again!" Of course I could peel potatoes--with my good hand and my other arm. "Jenny, if you try hard enough," she said, "you can do anything." Once in the second grade, our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bar . When it was my turn, I said no. some kids laughed. I went home crying. The next afternoon Mum took me back to the school playground. "Now, pull up with your right arm," she advised. She praised me when I made progress. I'll never forget when I was crossing the bar, the kids were standing there with their mouths open. It was the way with everything. Mum had the courage to face anything. and she taught me I could, too. How many younger sisters do I have?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
|
||
Allan is eight this year and he's in Grade Two. The boy is clever and can answer all the questions in class. But he hates to stay in the classroom for more than half an hour. He would not listen to the teachers when class is soon going to be over. Or he touches his deskmate's head, or he makes faces. He often makes the whole Class laugh. His teachers tell his parents about it. He has to make a promise that he won't do that again. But soon he will forget it. The teachers think he does well in his lessons and don't mind it. One Saturday evening Allan finished his homework as soon as he had supper. He turned on the television, but there was no football match on TV. He found all the programmes were not interesting and turned it off. He saw his sister Mabel doing her homework in her bedroom. He decided to play a joke on her. He found an earthworm in the garden and put it in her clothes. The girl was so frightened that she cried out for help. Their mother heard this and went in to find out what had happened there. Of course, the boy was punished for it. The next morning Mabel gave her mother a card and said, "Merry Mother's Day. Mum!" The woman was happy and thanked her daughter. But Allan had nothing to give his mother as a present. He felt sorry and said, "Don't be angry with me Mummy. I've forgotten it. " "It doesn't matter, dear," said his mother. "The best present is to be a good boy. Don't be naughty , my son, or your child will be naughty, too! " Hearing this, the boy began to laugh and said. "You've told me the truth today, Mummy!" Allan does well in his lessons, so _ .
|
[
"his teachers aren't angry with him",
"his teachers let him leave the classroom",
"he can make faces in class",
"he can play a joke on his deskmate"
] | 0A
|
Allan is eight this year and he's in Grade Two. The boy is clever and can answer all the questions in class. But he hates to stay in the classroom for more than half an hour. He would not listen to the teachers when class is soon going to be over. Or he touches his deskmate's head, or he makes faces. He often makes the whole Class laugh. His teachers tell his parents about it. He has to make a promise that he won't do that again. But soon he will forget it. The teachers think he does well in his lessons and don't mind it. One Saturday evening Allan finished his homework as soon as he had supper. He turned on the television, but there was no football match on TV. He found all the programmes were not interesting and turned it off. He saw his sister Mabel doing her homework in her bedroom. He decided to play a joke on her. He found an earthworm in the garden and put it in her clothes. The girl was so frightened that she cried out for help. Their mother heard this and went in to find out what had happened there. Of course, the boy was punished for it. The next morning Mabel gave her mother a card and said, "Merry Mother's Day. Mum!" The woman was happy and thanked her daughter. But Allan had nothing to give his mother as a present. He felt sorry and said, "Don't be angry with me Mummy. I've forgotten it. " "It doesn't matter, dear," said his mother. "The best present is to be a good boy. Don't be naughty , my son, or your child will be naughty, too! " Hearing this, the boy began to laugh and said. "You've told me the truth today, Mummy!" Allan does well in his lessons, so _ .
A. his teachers aren't angry with him
B. his teachers let him leave the classroom
C. he can make faces in class
D. he can play a joke on his deskmate
|
A. his teachers aren't angry with him
|
Retrieved:
the rock around his hand with his pocket knife, but gave up the attempt after two days. next he tried to lift and move the boulder with a simple pulley system made with rope and gear, but that failed too. on the sixth day, which he did not expect to live to see upon falling asleep the night earlier, a dehydrated and delirious ralston had a vision of himself as a one - armed man playing with his future son. upon a subsequent fit of rage he discovered that he could bow his arm against the chockstone far enough to snap the radius and ulna bones. using the dull blade on his multi - use tool, he cut the soft tissue around the break. he then used the tool's pliers to tear at the tougher tendons. he was careful not to sever the arteries before attaching an improvised tourniquet. after he cut the main bundle of nerves, leading to agonizing pain, he cut through the last piece of skin and was free. in bad physical shape, and having lost more than a litre of blood, he managed to rappel 70 feet down and hike another 8 miles, when he ran into a dutch family who offered help and guided him to a rescue helicopter which happened to be nearby looking for ralston and took him to a hospital. his story was dramatized in the film 127 hours ( 2010 ). in 2003, an australian coal miner trapped three kilometres underground by an overturned tractor cut off his own arm with a box - cutting knife. the 44 - year - old man, who was not identified by police, was working late at the hunter valley mine when the tractor tipped over, crushing his arm and trapping him. = = mouth = = during 1992 - 1993 vendee globe, a solo race around the world, sailor bertrand de broc who had been hit full in the face by a rope, had to sew his tongue himself after a doctor telexed instructions on how to sew stitches into the wound. = = see also = = self - inflicted caesarean section self - medication = = references = = = = = citations = = = = = = sources = = = morton wa ( 1991 ). scrotum self - repair. med aspects human sexuality jul 1991 : 15. = = further reading = = michell j ( 1984 ). eccentric lives & peculiar notions isbn 0 - 15 - 127358 - 8. reprinted 2002. = = external links = = a reference to the morton article on the urban
Original Instruction:
Allan is eight this year and he's in Grade Two. The boy is clever and can answer all the questions in class. But he hates to stay in the classroom for more than half an hour. He would not listen to the teachers when class is soon going to be over. Or he touches his deskmate's head, or he makes faces. He often makes the whole Class laugh. His teachers tell his parents about it. He has to make a promise that he won't do that again. But soon he will forget it. The teachers think he does well in his lessons and don't mind it. One Saturday evening Allan finished his homework as soon as he had supper. He turned on the television, but there was no football match on TV. He found all the programmes were not interesting and turned it off. He saw his sister Mabel doing her homework in her bedroom. He decided to play a joke on her. He found an earthworm in the garden and put it in her clothes. The girl was so frightened that she cried out for help. Their mother heard this and went in to find out what had happened there. Of course, the boy was punished for it. The next morning Mabel gave her mother a card and said, "Merry Mother's Day. Mum!" The woman was happy and thanked her daughter. But Allan had nothing to give his mother as a present. He felt sorry and said, "Don't be angry with me Mummy. I've forgotten it. " "It doesn't matter, dear," said his mother. "The best present is to be a good boy. Don't be naughty , my son, or your child will be naughty, too! " Hearing this, the boy began to laugh and said. "You've told me the truth today, Mummy!" Allan does well in his lessons, so _ .
A. his teachers aren't angry with him
B. his teachers let him leave the classroom
C. he can make faces in class
D. he can play a joke on his deskmate
|
||
A typical lion tamer in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip( ) at a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)--only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become...take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
|
[
"To entertain the audience.",
"To show off his skills.",
"To get ready for a fight.",
"To trick the lion."
] | 3D
|
A typical lion tamer in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip( ) at a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)--only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become...take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A. To entertain the audience.
B. To show off his skills.
C. To get ready for a fight.
D. To trick the lion.
|
D. To trick the lion.
|
Retrieved:
centers and wings, which coordinate their movement to encircle and ambush the prey. in a line of lions, the outside individuals, also known as the wings, first run out to the sides of the intended target while the center lies in an ambush position. as the wings slowly encircle their mark, they drive the prey towards the waiting center — often one of the older and heavier individuals in the group — who then pounces to make the kill. each individual in the group learns its preferred role during youth, whether it be center or wing. a child does not necessarily perform the same position as its mother since it learns through observing other lionesses in the pride. individuals have also been shown to perform positions other than their natural place depending on whether another individual has already filled their role. despite this plasticity, hunting success is greatest when every individual in the group can perform its specialized role. = = = chimpanzees = = = in tai, chimpanzee, individuals participate as a driver, blocker, chaser, or ambusher. drivers follow the prey without trying to catch up with it. blockers place themselves in a tree to block the progression of the prey. chasers move quickly after the prey to catch up with it. finally, ambushers anticipate the escape route of the prey long enough in advance to force it back towards the chasers or down into the lower canopy. blocking and ambushing are thought to require much more cognitive effort in anticipating the future movements of the prey, and they are thus rewarded with a larger proportion of meat after a successful hunt. these two roles correlate positively with the age of the chimpanzee as the cognitive function necessary to perform these tasks is thought to increase with age. furthermore, individuals can change roles during the same hunt or maintain their same role during the entire process. = = = fossa = = = fossa ( cryptoprocta ferox ) are the first documented example of cooperative hunting in solitary species, as fossa are some of the least social carnivores. the fossa is the largest member of madagascar euplerids. they are carnivorous, feeding mostly on small lemurs and tenrecs. prey size may have been important for the evolution of cooperative hunting in fossa because one of their main sources of prey ( larger lemurs ) has recently gone extinct. larger lemurs ( 20 – 120 pounds ), such as giant sloth lemurs, were abundant on madagascar until
Original Instruction:
A typical lion tamer in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip( ) at a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)--only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become...take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A. To entertain the audience.
B. To show off his skills.
C. To get ready for a fight.
D. To trick the lion.
|
||
A father was sitting at his desk and looking at his bills when his little son rushed in and said, "Dad, because today is your birthday and you're 40 years old, I'm going to give you 40 kisses, one for each year!" When the boy started kissing, the father shouted, "Oh, Andrew, don't do it now. I'm too busy!" The boy soon became silent as tears fell down from his big blue eyes. Feeling sorry, the father said, "You can finish the kisses later ." The boy said nothing but quietly walked away. That evening the father said, "Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!" But the boy didn't. Unluckily, a few days later, the boy had an accident and died. His sad father wrote,"If only I could tell him how sorry I am for my thoughtless words and how much my heart is hurt." Love is a two-way street. We must warmly accept any loving acts, or others will take it as a "No" and it may leave a scar . If we don't have love, our life will lose its true meaning. If we are too busy to give and receive love, we are too silly! Nothing is more important than loving the people who are important to us. Which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"Andrew's father was busy looking at his bills on his birthday.",
"Andrew was killed in an accident on his father's birthday.",
"Andrew's father asked him to give him the kisses later.",
"Andrew's father felt sorry after the accident happened."
] | 1B
|
A father was sitting at his desk and looking at his bills when his little son rushed in and said, "Dad, because today is your birthday and you're 40 years old, I'm going to give you 40 kisses, one for each year!" When the boy started kissing, the father shouted, "Oh, Andrew, don't do it now. I'm too busy!" The boy soon became silent as tears fell down from his big blue eyes. Feeling sorry, the father said, "You can finish the kisses later ." The boy said nothing but quietly walked away. That evening the father said, "Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!" But the boy didn't. Unluckily, a few days later, the boy had an accident and died. His sad father wrote,"If only I could tell him how sorry I am for my thoughtless words and how much my heart is hurt." Love is a two-way street. We must warmly accept any loving acts, or others will take it as a "No" and it may leave a scar . If we don't have love, our life will lose its true meaning. If we are too busy to give and receive love, we are too silly! Nothing is more important than loving the people who are important to us. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Andrew's father was busy looking at his bills on his birthday.
B. Andrew was killed in an accident on his father's birthday.
C. Andrew's father asked him to give him the kisses later.
D. Andrew's father felt sorry after the accident happened.
|
B. Andrew was killed in an accident on his father's birthday.
|
Retrieved:
##tly says, " it was a great trip, wasn't it? " the mother - in - law says that, actually, she would rather have stayed home, but went along since the other three were so enthusiastic. the husband says, " i wasn't delighted to be doing what we were doing. i only went to satisfy the rest of you. " the wife says, " i just went along to keep you happy. i would have had to be crazy to want to go out in the heat like that. " the father - in - law then says that he only suggested it because he thought the others might be bored. the group sits back, perplexed that they together decided to take a trip that none of them wanted. they each would have preferred to sit comfortably but did not admit to it when they still had time to enjoy the afternoon. the abilene paradox consists of five components : the first component refers to mutual agreement of a group that the current situation is not acceptable. however, on the individual level, the members may be satisfied with the existing setting after they have compared it with proposed alternatives. the second component stands for ineffective communication within the group when several members express considerable support for a decision because they assume that is the desire of others. this process of communication reinforces assumptions that individual thoughts are a minority in the group. the third component of the abilene paradox is the vocalisation of group sentiment which arose from inaccurate assumptions or incorrect interpretation of the " signals " given by other members. the fourth component refers to the decision - maker's reflections on the actions taken, usually in the form of questions as follows : " why did we do this? ", " how can we justify our decision to others? ". the fifth component refers to the defeat of the group leader to poor decision making in order to avoid making similar decisions in the future. there are several factors that may indicate the presence of the abilene paradox in the decision - making process : leaders who publicly do not fear the unknown. such arrogance leads them to go along as they do not possess sufficient understanding of complex problems. rather, they stick to the " that sounds good to me " attitude. a group with no - conflict or no - debate type of decision - making. when such views are supported in the cohort, the lack of diverse opinions becomes the foundation for mismanagement of agreement. this can be visible by the emergence of the " i will go along with that " attitude. overriding leaders and a strong organisation
Original Instruction:
A father was sitting at his desk and looking at his bills when his little son rushed in and said, "Dad, because today is your birthday and you're 40 years old, I'm going to give you 40 kisses, one for each year!" When the boy started kissing, the father shouted, "Oh, Andrew, don't do it now. I'm too busy!" The boy soon became silent as tears fell down from his big blue eyes. Feeling sorry, the father said, "You can finish the kisses later ." The boy said nothing but quietly walked away. That evening the father said, "Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!" But the boy didn't. Unluckily, a few days later, the boy had an accident and died. His sad father wrote,"If only I could tell him how sorry I am for my thoughtless words and how much my heart is hurt." Love is a two-way street. We must warmly accept any loving acts, or others will take it as a "No" and it may leave a scar . If we don't have love, our life will lose its true meaning. If we are too busy to give and receive love, we are too silly! Nothing is more important than loving the people who are important to us. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Andrew's father was busy looking at his bills on his birthday.
B. Andrew was killed in an accident on his father's birthday.
C. Andrew's father asked him to give him the kisses later.
D. Andrew's father felt sorry after the accident happened.
|
||
Computer games have been criticised for quite some time over a whole range of issues. Some people say they are overly violent and encourage violent behaviour particularly in children. Others say that they make children unsociable and are bad for their eyes. Some have even attributed falling standards of literacy and a lack of interest in reading on them. Now, however, it seems that computer games have also become a feminist issue. Game manufacturers have, for some time, been looking to increase the number of female game players. The vast majority of computer games still sell to a mainly male market. Perhaps this is because the violent nature of many of the games appeals more to males or perhaps because many of the main characters in the games are male. Manufacturers' attempts to produce more female characters increase their share of the female gaming market which has met with serious criticism from many women's groups. While heroines such as Lara Croft of the Tomb Raider game are seen as providing positive role models of strong women, many believe that the character's unrealistic Barbies are subconsciously setting unattainable standards in the minds of young women. Perhaps a stronger criticism is that although many games now include female characters, their role is often secondary and they support the main, male, action characters within the games. Of course the nature of many of the games remains violent and destructive and this in itself could well continue to put off female gamers. There are now, however, a number of web sites springing up on the World Wide Web to help women deal with this issue. Sites such as Game Girlz, Women Gamers and Game Gal offer game reviews, articles, discussion forums and even employment opportunities for women interested in becoming part of the rapidly expanding games industry. The games are reviewed by women from a very female perspective. Some rate the games from one to ten across a range of criteria which include the appearance of the female characters, the degree of intelligence attributed to them in the game and even the marketing attitude adopted by the company. The sites are obviously looking for games that move away from the very male dominated and violent nature of the majority of computer games. Many of them review games that are more constructive and developmental. Although the common fantasy themes of knights, witches and goblins still exist within these games, the aims are often very different. Instead of destroying opposing armies,the aim of the game can be to make peace with them. With this increased degree of awareness and involvement from women in the games industry many positive changes could be made that could encourage more women and young girls to become enthusiastic about technology. Perhaps we may even find more male gamers moving away from the traditional violent and destructive games towards the more positive values promoted by these more feminine role models, after all Tomb Raider is still one of the most popular computer games on the market, but perhaps that's too much to ask. Manufacturers want to produce more female characters in order to _ .
|
[
"increase sales in the male market",
"help women learn how to play computer games",
"encourage more women to buy computer games",
"increase the number of male game players"
] | 2C
|
Computer games have been criticised for quite some time over a whole range of issues. Some people say they are overly violent and encourage violent behaviour particularly in children. Others say that they make children unsociable and are bad for their eyes. Some have even attributed falling standards of literacy and a lack of interest in reading on them. Now, however, it seems that computer games have also become a feminist issue. Game manufacturers have, for some time, been looking to increase the number of female game players. The vast majority of computer games still sell to a mainly male market. Perhaps this is because the violent nature of many of the games appeals more to males or perhaps because many of the main characters in the games are male. Manufacturers' attempts to produce more female characters increase their share of the female gaming market which has met with serious criticism from many women's groups. While heroines such as Lara Croft of the Tomb Raider game are seen as providing positive role models of strong women, many believe that the character's unrealistic Barbies are subconsciously setting unattainable standards in the minds of young women. Perhaps a stronger criticism is that although many games now include female characters, their role is often secondary and they support the main, male, action characters within the games. Of course the nature of many of the games remains violent and destructive and this in itself could well continue to put off female gamers. There are now, however, a number of web sites springing up on the World Wide Web to help women deal with this issue. Sites such as Game Girlz, Women Gamers and Game Gal offer game reviews, articles, discussion forums and even employment opportunities for women interested in becoming part of the rapidly expanding games industry. The games are reviewed by women from a very female perspective. Some rate the games from one to ten across a range of criteria which include the appearance of the female characters, the degree of intelligence attributed to them in the game and even the marketing attitude adopted by the company. The sites are obviously looking for games that move away from the very male dominated and violent nature of the majority of computer games. Many of them review games that are more constructive and developmental. Although the common fantasy themes of knights, witches and goblins still exist within these games, the aims are often very different. Instead of destroying opposing armies,the aim of the game can be to make peace with them. With this increased degree of awareness and involvement from women in the games industry many positive changes could be made that could encourage more women and young girls to become enthusiastic about technology. Perhaps we may even find more male gamers moving away from the traditional violent and destructive games towards the more positive values promoted by these more feminine role models, after all Tomb Raider is still one of the most popular computer games on the market, but perhaps that's too much to ask. Manufacturers want to produce more female characters in order to _ .
A. increase sales in the male market
B. help women learn how to play computer games
C. encourage more women to buy computer games
D. increase the number of male game players
|
C. encourage more women to buy computer games
|
Retrieved:
20th century. various stereotypic depictions or " types " of women appeared in magazines, including victorian ideals of femininity, the new woman, the gibson girl, the femme fatale, and the flapper. stereotypes are also common in video games, with women being portrayed as stereotypes such as the " damsel in distress " or as sexual objects ( see gender representation in video games ). studies show that minorities are portrayed most often in stereotypical roles such as athletes and gangsters ( see race and video games ). in literature and art, stereotypes are cliched or predictable characters or situations. throughout history, storytellers have drawn from stereotypical characters and situations to immediately connect the audience with new tales. = = = role in sports = = = female athletes encounter various pressures and stereotypes, which have significant psychological consequences. these stereotypes give rise to challenges in athletes'lives, including diminished self - esteem, leading to more profound psychological impacts. female athletes have made considerable strides in overcoming obstacles. they have transitioned from being unable to compete competitively due to biological misconceptions to having equal opportunities as male athletes, thanks to title ix. today, there is greater societal acceptance of female athletes. however, the intersection of being a female athlete adds additional pressures. not only are they expected to excel in competition, but they are also required to conform to societal expectations of femininity. furthermore, female athletes often face scrutiny and criticism regarding their appearance compared to non - athletic women. young athletes, in particular, confront an intensified amount of pressure, leading some to quit sports because it is no longer enjoyable and the implications of being a young female athlete become overwhelming. they are unfairly labeled as gay or delicate and subjected to derogatory comments such as " like a girl. " additionally, they grapple with body image concerns that can give rise to severe health issues. even specific sports contribute to the scrutiny female athletes face, with criticism directed at the uniforms required for competition. the proliferation of stereotypes in women's sports has resulted in a decline in female participation. these social stigmas, including being labeled as gay or delicate, and the expectation to play in a manner deemed " like a girl, " have contributed to body image issues, eating disorders, and depression among numerous female athletes. a 2024 study suggested that sports journalists are sometimes aware of stereotypes, but will downplay their role in perpetuating them, and ignore their prevalence in coverage of college sports. = = see also = = gender gender stereotypes femininity masculini
Original Instruction:
Computer games have been criticised for quite some time over a whole range of issues. Some people say they are overly violent and encourage violent behaviour particularly in children. Others say that they make children unsociable and are bad for their eyes. Some have even attributed falling standards of literacy and a lack of interest in reading on them. Now, however, it seems that computer games have also become a feminist issue. Game manufacturers have, for some time, been looking to increase the number of female game players. The vast majority of computer games still sell to a mainly male market. Perhaps this is because the violent nature of many of the games appeals more to males or perhaps because many of the main characters in the games are male. Manufacturers' attempts to produce more female characters increase their share of the female gaming market which has met with serious criticism from many women's groups. While heroines such as Lara Croft of the Tomb Raider game are seen as providing positive role models of strong women, many believe that the character's unrealistic Barbies are subconsciously setting unattainable standards in the minds of young women. Perhaps a stronger criticism is that although many games now include female characters, their role is often secondary and they support the main, male, action characters within the games. Of course the nature of many of the games remains violent and destructive and this in itself could well continue to put off female gamers. There are now, however, a number of web sites springing up on the World Wide Web to help women deal with this issue. Sites such as Game Girlz, Women Gamers and Game Gal offer game reviews, articles, discussion forums and even employment opportunities for women interested in becoming part of the rapidly expanding games industry. The games are reviewed by women from a very female perspective. Some rate the games from one to ten across a range of criteria which include the appearance of the female characters, the degree of intelligence attributed to them in the game and even the marketing attitude adopted by the company. The sites are obviously looking for games that move away from the very male dominated and violent nature of the majority of computer games. Many of them review games that are more constructive and developmental. Although the common fantasy themes of knights, witches and goblins still exist within these games, the aims are often very different. Instead of destroying opposing armies,the aim of the game can be to make peace with them. With this increased degree of awareness and involvement from women in the games industry many positive changes could be made that could encourage more women and young girls to become enthusiastic about technology. Perhaps we may even find more male gamers moving away from the traditional violent and destructive games towards the more positive values promoted by these more feminine role models, after all Tomb Raider is still one of the most popular computer games on the market, but perhaps that's too much to ask. Manufacturers want to produce more female characters in order to _ .
A. increase sales in the male market
B. help women learn how to play computer games
C. encourage more women to buy computer games
D. increase the number of male game players
|
||
A new term might be the best time to make new friends, but it can be hard to begin the first conversation. Below are four useful ways. Take a look. Search for common interests. Talking about shared interests, such as sports and popular talent shows, is the easiest way to make a successful talk with someone. Welcome the silence. In fact, sometimes silence is needed in order to continue a conversation. Remember that if you say something, the other person may need time to understand it. Keep it positive . To make great small talk, you should keep things fun. You should be cheerful and able to laugh over things that aren't very interesting. These will make the other person want to keep talking to you. Take it as a learning experience. Every time you meet someone from other places, it's a good chance to learn something new. You can learn more about their cultures and nations. These make you a more interesting person to talk to as well. How many ways are mentioned to start a conversation in the reading?
|
[
"Only one.",
"Three.",
"Four.",
"Five."
] | 2C
|
A new term might be the best time to make new friends, but it can be hard to begin the first conversation. Below are four useful ways. Take a look. Search for common interests. Talking about shared interests, such as sports and popular talent shows, is the easiest way to make a successful talk with someone. Welcome the silence. In fact, sometimes silence is needed in order to continue a conversation. Remember that if you say something, the other person may need time to understand it. Keep it positive . To make great small talk, you should keep things fun. You should be cheerful and able to laugh over things that aren't very interesting. These will make the other person want to keep talking to you. Take it as a learning experience. Every time you meet someone from other places, it's a good chance to learn something new. You can learn more about their cultures and nations. These make you a more interesting person to talk to as well. How many ways are mentioned to start a conversation in the reading?
A. Only one.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
|
C. Four.
|
Retrieved:
meaning someone could be very strong in one section and only moderately good in another. situationally speaking competence can be defined differently for different cultures. for example, eye contact shows competence in western cultures whereas, asian cultures find too much eye contact disrespectful. appropriateness : this means that one's behaviors are acceptable and proper for the expectations of any given culture. effectiveness : the behaviors that lead to the desired outcome being achieved. motivations : this has to do with emotional associations as they communicate interculturally. feelings which are one's reactions to thoughts and experiences have to do with motivation. intentions are thoughts that guide one's choices, it is a goal or plan that directs one's behavior. these two things play a part in motivation. = = = basic tools for improvement = = = the following are ways to improve communication competence : display of interest : showing respect and positive regard for the other person. orientation to knowledge : terms people use to explain themselves and their perception of the world. empathy : behaving in ways that shows one understands the point of view of others task role behavior : initiate ideas that encourage problem solving activities. relational role behavior : interpersonal harmony and mediation. tolerance for unknown and ambiguity : the ability to react to new situations with little discomfort. interaction posture : responding to others in descriptive, non - judgmental ways. patience active listening clarity = = = important factors = = = proficiency in the host culture language : understanding the grammar and vocabulary. understanding language pragmatics : how to use politeness strategies in making requests and how to avoid giving out too much information. being sensitive and aware to nonverbal communication patterns in other cultures. being aware of gestures that may be offensive or mean something different in a host culture rather than one's own culture. understanding a culture's proximity in physical space and paralinguistic sounds to convey their intended meaning. mutual understanding with the aim of promoting a future of appreciation, robustness and diversity. = = = traits = = = flexibility. tolerating high levels of uncertainty. self - reflection. open - mindedness. sensitivity. adaptability. " thinking outside the box " and lateral thinking effective communication depends on the informal understandings among the parties involved that are based on the trust developed between them. when trust exists, there is implicit understanding within communication, cultural differences may be overlooked, and problems can be dealt with more easily. the meaning of trust and how it is developed and communicated varies across societies. similarly, some cultures have a
Original Instruction:
A new term might be the best time to make new friends, but it can be hard to begin the first conversation. Below are four useful ways. Take a look. Search for common interests. Talking about shared interests, such as sports and popular talent shows, is the easiest way to make a successful talk with someone. Welcome the silence. In fact, sometimes silence is needed in order to continue a conversation. Remember that if you say something, the other person may need time to understand it. Keep it positive . To make great small talk, you should keep things fun. You should be cheerful and able to laugh over things that aren't very interesting. These will make the other person want to keep talking to you. Take it as a learning experience. Every time you meet someone from other places, it's a good chance to learn something new. You can learn more about their cultures and nations. These make you a more interesting person to talk to as well. How many ways are mentioned to start a conversation in the reading?
A. Only one.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
|
||
Once a baby cries, the parents will go to see what happened as soon as possible. According to a new study, a baby's cry can make adults react very quickly, even if they are not related. Oxford University researchers used the classic game whack-a-mole for the study. Whack-a-mole requires people to hit one of nine buttons . The players must react as quickly as they can to whichever of the buttons lights up at random . It is a game that requires speed and accuracy ( ). The study included 40 men and women volunteers aged 19 to 59. Some of them had sons or daughters but none had a baby at the time. They played whack-a-mole after listening to different sounds, including babies crying, the crying of adults in trouble and birdsong played at a similar pitch to the babies' cries. The volunteers' scores were higher after listening to the sound of crying babies. Men and women had similar scores overall. The results showed that a crying baby gets special attention. "Few sounds make people react quite like the cry of a baby," said Morten Kringelbach of Oxford's psychiatry department, who led the study. "For example, it's almost impossible to ignore(,) crying babies on planes. This is true even though there are so many other noises around." He added that a baby's cry can increase adults' heart rate and blood pressure. This is understandable, because in the course of human evolution , taking care of babies has always been an important job for adults. When a baby is hungry or feeling bored or unwell, it will cry. As a result, human brains and bodies develop a special reaction to a baby's cry. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
[
"There were 80 volunteers who took part in the study.",
"The youngest volunteer was 19 and the oldest was 59.",
"Some volunteers had babies at that time in the study.",
"The volunteers were affected by the sound of a baby's cry."
] | 1B
|
Once a baby cries, the parents will go to see what happened as soon as possible. According to a new study, a baby's cry can make adults react very quickly, even if they are not related. Oxford University researchers used the classic game whack-a-mole for the study. Whack-a-mole requires people to hit one of nine buttons . The players must react as quickly as they can to whichever of the buttons lights up at random . It is a game that requires speed and accuracy ( ). The study included 40 men and women volunteers aged 19 to 59. Some of them had sons or daughters but none had a baby at the time. They played whack-a-mole after listening to different sounds, including babies crying, the crying of adults in trouble and birdsong played at a similar pitch to the babies' cries. The volunteers' scores were higher after listening to the sound of crying babies. Men and women had similar scores overall. The results showed that a crying baby gets special attention. "Few sounds make people react quite like the cry of a baby," said Morten Kringelbach of Oxford's psychiatry department, who led the study. "For example, it's almost impossible to ignore(,) crying babies on planes. This is true even though there are so many other noises around." He added that a baby's cry can increase adults' heart rate and blood pressure. This is understandable, because in the course of human evolution , taking care of babies has always been an important job for adults. When a baby is hungry or feeling bored or unwell, it will cry. As a result, human brains and bodies develop a special reaction to a baby's cry. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. There were 80 volunteers who took part in the study.
B. The youngest volunteer was 19 and the oldest was 59.
C. Some volunteers had babies at that time in the study.
D. The volunteers were affected by the sound of a baby's cry.
|
B. The youngest volunteer was 19 and the oldest was 59.
|
Retrieved:
like the basic cry ; in this cry, more excess air is forced through the vocal cords, making it a louder, more abrupt cry. this type of cry is characterized by the same temporal sequence as the basic pattern but distinguished by differences in the length of the various phase components. the third cry is the pain cry, which, unlike the other two, has no preliminary moaning. the pain cry is one loud cry, followed by a period of breath holding. = = misconceptions = = misconceptions regarding the purpose of crying in the infant are common among caregivers and medical personnel. these are usually determined by cultural mores and not by evidence - based explanations. infant crying is regarded by some to be normal. the belief that infants have a need to cry to expand or exercise their lungs is not supported by research. this is because a healthy newborn infant lung's are able to contain a sufficient amount of air plus a reserve. birth trauma is related to the amount of crying. mothers who had experienced obstetrical interventions or who were made to feel powerless during birth had babies who cried more than other babies. babies who had experienced birth complications had longer crying spells at three months of age and awakened more frequently at night crying. when infants cry for no obvious reason after all other causes ( such as hunger or pain ) are ruled out, the crying may signify a beneficial stress - release mechanism, although not all sources agree with this. the " crying - in - arms " approach is a way to comfort these infants. another way of comforting and calming the baby is to mimic the familiarity of the mother's womb. consistency and promptness of maternal response is associated with a decline in frequency and duration of crying by the end of the first year, and individual differences in crying reflect the history of maternal responsiveness rather than constitutional differences in infant irritability. = = causes = = most infants cry in response to something, although it may be difficult to identify the cause. sometimes there may be no apparent reason. some possible reasons include : hunger sleepiness ( normally just yawns or rubs eyes ) gas pain ( for example, if the baby has not burped ) discomfort ( for example, a wet diaper ) temperature ( for example, feeling too hot or too cold ) external stimulus ( for example, too much noise or light ) boredom or loneliness pain ( for example, teething ) excessive crying in infants may indicate colic or another health problem. some health problems are listed below : = = = coli
Original Instruction:
Once a baby cries, the parents will go to see what happened as soon as possible. According to a new study, a baby's cry can make adults react very quickly, even if they are not related. Oxford University researchers used the classic game whack-a-mole for the study. Whack-a-mole requires people to hit one of nine buttons . The players must react as quickly as they can to whichever of the buttons lights up at random . It is a game that requires speed and accuracy ( ). The study included 40 men and women volunteers aged 19 to 59. Some of them had sons or daughters but none had a baby at the time. They played whack-a-mole after listening to different sounds, including babies crying, the crying of adults in trouble and birdsong played at a similar pitch to the babies' cries. The volunteers' scores were higher after listening to the sound of crying babies. Men and women had similar scores overall. The results showed that a crying baby gets special attention. "Few sounds make people react quite like the cry of a baby," said Morten Kringelbach of Oxford's psychiatry department, who led the study. "For example, it's almost impossible to ignore(,) crying babies on planes. This is true even though there are so many other noises around." He added that a baby's cry can increase adults' heart rate and blood pressure. This is understandable, because in the course of human evolution , taking care of babies has always been an important job for adults. When a baby is hungry or feeling bored or unwell, it will cry. As a result, human brains and bodies develop a special reaction to a baby's cry. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. There were 80 volunteers who took part in the study.
B. The youngest volunteer was 19 and the oldest was 59.
C. Some volunteers had babies at that time in the study.
D. The volunteers were affected by the sound of a baby's cry.
|
||
A scientist studies the remains of two extinct animals to learn more about how they lived. She determines that one animal was a carnivore and the other was an herbivore. Which of the following did the scientist most likely compare to make this conclusion?
|
[
"the number of bones in the animals",
"the size of the animals",
"the body covering of the animals",
"the skull of the animals"
] | 3D
|
A scientist studies the remains of two extinct animals to learn more about how they lived. She determines that one animal was a carnivore and the other was an herbivore. Which of the following did the scientist most likely compare to make this conclusion?
A. the number of bones in the animals
B. the size of the animals
C. the body covering of the animals
D. the skull of the animals
|
D. the skull of the animals
|
Retrieved:
from the given sample of his or her recorded works ( see efron & thisted, 1976 ). = = references = = chao, a., & shen, t. j. ( 2004 ). nonparametric prediction in species sampling. journal of agricultural biological and environmental statistics, 9, 253 – 269. efron, b., & thisted, r. ( 1976 ). estimating the number of unseen species : how many words did shakespeare know? biometrika, 63, 435 – 447. fisher, r. a., corbet, a. s., & williams, c. b. ( 1943 ). the relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population. journal of animal ecology, 12, 42 – 58.
Original Instruction:
A scientist studies the remains of two extinct animals to learn more about how they lived. She determines that one animal was a carnivore and the other was an herbivore. Which of the following did the scientist most likely compare to make this conclusion?
A. the number of bones in the animals
B. the size of the animals
C. the body covering of the animals
D. the skull of the animals
|
||
An old man walked slowly into a restaurant with his cane . His old jacket and shoes made him unusual that day. A young waitress named Mary watched him move towards a table by the window. She ran over to him, and said with a smile, "Here, sir. Let me give you a hand." Without saying a word, he gave her a smile. She pulled the chair away from the table and helped him sit down. Then she put his cane against the table so that he could reach it. In a soft, clear voice, he said, "Thank you, miss." "You're welcome, sir," she replied. "I'll be back in a moment, and if you need anything, just wave at me!" After he had finished a good meal. Mary brought him the change. She handed him his cane, and walked with him to the front door. Holding the door open for him, she said, "Come back and see us, sir!" The old man turned around and smiled. When Mary went to clean his table, she was shocked. Under the plate, she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note. The note said, "Dear Mary, I respect you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It shows the way you treat others. You have found the secret of happiness." In fact, the old man was the owner of the restaurant. That was the first time that she, or any of his waitresses, had seen him. Mary was shocked when she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note _ .
|
[
"on the chair",
"on the ground",
"under the bowl",
"under the plate"
] | 3D
|
An old man walked slowly into a restaurant with his cane . His old jacket and shoes made him unusual that day. A young waitress named Mary watched him move towards a table by the window. She ran over to him, and said with a smile, "Here, sir. Let me give you a hand." Without saying a word, he gave her a smile. She pulled the chair away from the table and helped him sit down. Then she put his cane against the table so that he could reach it. In a soft, clear voice, he said, "Thank you, miss." "You're welcome, sir," she replied. "I'll be back in a moment, and if you need anything, just wave at me!" After he had finished a good meal. Mary brought him the change. She handed him his cane, and walked with him to the front door. Holding the door open for him, she said, "Come back and see us, sir!" The old man turned around and smiled. When Mary went to clean his table, she was shocked. Under the plate, she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note. The note said, "Dear Mary, I respect you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It shows the way you treat others. You have found the secret of happiness." In fact, the old man was the owner of the restaurant. That was the first time that she, or any of his waitresses, had seen him. Mary was shocked when she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note _ .
A. on the chair
B. on the ground
C. under the bowl
D. under the plate
|
D. under the plate
|
Retrieved:
, the stranger reasoned that crusoe would actually be worse off if he did not loan of any of his possessions at all. if crusoe did not lend the stranger the buckskins in the chest, then no one would regularly air or rub them with grease, which would cause them to become hard and brittle. if crusoe did not lend the stranger his mound of wheat, then mildew, mice, and beetles would consume the wheat instead. and if crusoe did not lend the stranger his tools, then the stranger would be unable to build a shed for storing the rest of the wheat. in return for being lent all these possessions without interest, the stranger promised that he would repay the loan at the end of the three years by giving crusoe fresh buckskins, fresh wheat from the stranger's harvest, and the construction of a shed. in the first footnote, gesell also considered a different situation where there were two crusoes living on the island, instead of just one when the stranger arrives. in a situation where there were two or more loan - givers ( crusoes ) on the island before the stranger's arrival, and both of them had accumulated stores of capital, there would be a bidding war between the two crusoes to see who could win the privilege of lending their capital to the stranger, since the losing bidder would see his capital consumed by insects, rats, mold, etc. in the second footnote, gesell noted that although proudhon opposed the existence of interest, not even proudhon realized that lenders benefit even when they loan without interest ( in the absence of hoardable money ). at the end of the parable, crusoe asked the stranger what his theory of interest was. the stranger replied : the explanation [ of interest ] is simple enough. if there were a monetary system on this island and i, as a shipwrecked travelled needed a loan, i should have to apply to a money - lender for money to buy the things which you have just lent me without interest. but a money - lender has not to worry about rats moths, rust and roof - repairing, so i could not have taken up the position towards him that i have taken up towards you. the loss inseparable from the ownership of goods ( there the dog running off with one of your - or rather my - buckskins! ) is born, not by money - lenders, but by those who have to store the goods. the money
Original Instruction:
An old man walked slowly into a restaurant with his cane . His old jacket and shoes made him unusual that day. A young waitress named Mary watched him move towards a table by the window. She ran over to him, and said with a smile, "Here, sir. Let me give you a hand." Without saying a word, he gave her a smile. She pulled the chair away from the table and helped him sit down. Then she put his cane against the table so that he could reach it. In a soft, clear voice, he said, "Thank you, miss." "You're welcome, sir," she replied. "I'll be back in a moment, and if you need anything, just wave at me!" After he had finished a good meal. Mary brought him the change. She handed him his cane, and walked with him to the front door. Holding the door open for him, she said, "Come back and see us, sir!" The old man turned around and smiled. When Mary went to clean his table, she was shocked. Under the plate, she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note. The note said, "Dear Mary, I respect you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It shows the way you treat others. You have found the secret of happiness." In fact, the old man was the owner of the restaurant. That was the first time that she, or any of his waitresses, had seen him. Mary was shocked when she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note _ .
A. on the chair
B. on the ground
C. under the bowl
D. under the plate
|
||
NEW YORK (AP) -- The investigation into the disappearance of 6-year-old Etan Patz has gone through decades and countries, from basements to rooftops and seemingly everywhere in between. No one has ever been charged criminally -- and the little boy with sandy brown hair and a toothy grin was declared dead in 2001. This week, the six-year-old boy who went missing from the Soho area of New York City in 1979 is back in the news. Police and the FBI are investigating a possible lead into the 33-year-old case of Etan Patz, the first missing child to appear on the side of a milk box. The child disappeared on the way to school on the morning of May 25, 1979. It was the first time he was allowed to walk the two blocks to the bus stop alone. A tip seemed to have led officials to the basement of a building on the corner of Prince and Wooster streets, about a block and a half from where Etan had lived with his family. The name Etan Patz has become a hot topic on Twitter as people _ . Shirley Brady noted: "As mom to a 6 years old in Soho, it's still held out by locals as cautionary tale ." Another wrote, "Boy who disappeared on his way to school in 1979 has been REOPENED! Crazy." One wondered, "Why is FBI and NYPD searching for a kid that disappeared in 1979?" Good question. This is a case that Stuart Gra Bois, as an assistant U.S. lawyer under Rudolph Giuliani, followed for years. It became the most famous missing-person case in New York City, turned a nationwide spotlight on missing children, and created headlines around the globe. No one was ever stated guilty of the crime. The case led to the creation of National Missing Children's Day, marked on May 25, the day the blond-haired, blue-eyed child went missing. The case has even pointed to a suspect, charged with child molester Julio Antonio Ramos, who is currently in prison. Patz's babysitter had been dating the man, and Ramos did know the kid, but has denied taking him away. New evidence in the case suggests another suspect who lived in the apartment at the time: a local handyman named Othniel Miller, who gave Etan $1 for helping him the night before the disappearance. The man's name had come up in an earlier investigation, but he was a friend of the Patz family, and the NYPD did not follow the lead. Investigators plan to be at the site, 127 B Prince St., which is now a Lucky Brand jeans store, for the next two to three days to search for human remains. The Associated Press reports that the excavation has been the result of a recently ordered review of the case by Manhattan's police. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"People air the same view about the case on the Internet",
"People reject the reopening of the case of the missing boy",
"The missing-person case still has a long-lasting influence on people",
"Twitter is the only place for people to discuss about missing-person cases"
] | 2C
|
NEW YORK (AP) -- The investigation into the disappearance of 6-year-old Etan Patz has gone through decades and countries, from basements to rooftops and seemingly everywhere in between. No one has ever been charged criminally -- and the little boy with sandy brown hair and a toothy grin was declared dead in 2001. This week, the six-year-old boy who went missing from the Soho area of New York City in 1979 is back in the news. Police and the FBI are investigating a possible lead into the 33-year-old case of Etan Patz, the first missing child to appear on the side of a milk box. The child disappeared on the way to school on the morning of May 25, 1979. It was the first time he was allowed to walk the two blocks to the bus stop alone. A tip seemed to have led officials to the basement of a building on the corner of Prince and Wooster streets, about a block and a half from where Etan had lived with his family. The name Etan Patz has become a hot topic on Twitter as people _ . Shirley Brady noted: "As mom to a 6 years old in Soho, it's still held out by locals as cautionary tale ." Another wrote, "Boy who disappeared on his way to school in 1979 has been REOPENED! Crazy." One wondered, "Why is FBI and NYPD searching for a kid that disappeared in 1979?" Good question. This is a case that Stuart Gra Bois, as an assistant U.S. lawyer under Rudolph Giuliani, followed for years. It became the most famous missing-person case in New York City, turned a nationwide spotlight on missing children, and created headlines around the globe. No one was ever stated guilty of the crime. The case led to the creation of National Missing Children's Day, marked on May 25, the day the blond-haired, blue-eyed child went missing. The case has even pointed to a suspect, charged with child molester Julio Antonio Ramos, who is currently in prison. Patz's babysitter had been dating the man, and Ramos did know the kid, but has denied taking him away. New evidence in the case suggests another suspect who lived in the apartment at the time: a local handyman named Othniel Miller, who gave Etan $1 for helping him the night before the disappearance. The man's name had come up in an earlier investigation, but he was a friend of the Patz family, and the NYPD did not follow the lead. Investigators plan to be at the site, 127 B Prince St., which is now a Lucky Brand jeans store, for the next two to three days to search for human remains. The Associated Press reports that the excavation has been the result of a recently ordered review of the case by Manhattan's police. We can learn from the passage that _ .
A. People air the same view about the case on the Internet
B. People reject the reopening of the case of the missing boy
C. The missing-person case still has a long-lasting influence on people
D. Twitter is the only place for people to discuss about missing-person cases
|
C. The missing-person case still has a long-lasting influence on people
|
Retrieved:
, bridger claimed to have run her down in his car and killed her by accident, and to have no memory of what he did with her body after drinking heavily. the jury rejected his version of events, as bone fragments and blood discovered in bridger's house within days of her disappearance were matched to the dna of jones. her body was not found, despite the largest missing person search in uk history. bridger claimed in court that jones's dna was found in his house as he had held her body there before disposing of it, but his claims were not believed by the jury. in may 2014, randy taylor, a man from nelson county, virginia, was convicted for the abduction and murder of high school student alexis tiara murphy, who vanished after being seen at a gas station in lovingston. on december 3, 2020, murphy's remains were located in lovingston. the identification of the remains was announced publicly on february 17, 2021. on 12 july 2016, in singapore, 48 - year - old leslie khoo kwee hock allegedly killed his 31 - year - old girlfriend cui yajie, a tianjin - born chinese engineer, in his car during a heated argument nearby gardens by the bay. khoo took the body to a forest in lim chu kang where he burnt the body for three days before he was arrested. by the time khoo took the police to where he burnt the body, there were only ashes and a few clumps of hair, along with a bra hook and pieces of burnt fabric ( from cui's dress ). khoo was found guilty of murder on 12 july 2019, and a month later, on 19 august 2019, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. = = = 2020s = = = on 30 august 2022, christopher dawson was found guilty by a new south wales court, of the murder of his former wife lynette 40 years previously ; despite the fact that her body was never found. in delivering his verdict, the judge in the case said : " none of the circumstances considered alone can establish mr dawson's guilt, but when regard is had to their combined force, i am left in no doubt. the only rational inference [ is that ] lynette dawson died on or about 8 january 1982 as a result of a conscious or voluntary act committed by christopher dawson. " kristin smart was last seen on the cal poly campus on may 25, 1996, walking home intoxicated after an off - campus party in
Original Instruction:
NEW YORK (AP) -- The investigation into the disappearance of 6-year-old Etan Patz has gone through decades and countries, from basements to rooftops and seemingly everywhere in between. No one has ever been charged criminally -- and the little boy with sandy brown hair and a toothy grin was declared dead in 2001. This week, the six-year-old boy who went missing from the Soho area of New York City in 1979 is back in the news. Police and the FBI are investigating a possible lead into the 33-year-old case of Etan Patz, the first missing child to appear on the side of a milk box. The child disappeared on the way to school on the morning of May 25, 1979. It was the first time he was allowed to walk the two blocks to the bus stop alone. A tip seemed to have led officials to the basement of a building on the corner of Prince and Wooster streets, about a block and a half from where Etan had lived with his family. The name Etan Patz has become a hot topic on Twitter as people _ . Shirley Brady noted: "As mom to a 6 years old in Soho, it's still held out by locals as cautionary tale ." Another wrote, "Boy who disappeared on his way to school in 1979 has been REOPENED! Crazy." One wondered, "Why is FBI and NYPD searching for a kid that disappeared in 1979?" Good question. This is a case that Stuart Gra Bois, as an assistant U.S. lawyer under Rudolph Giuliani, followed for years. It became the most famous missing-person case in New York City, turned a nationwide spotlight on missing children, and created headlines around the globe. No one was ever stated guilty of the crime. The case led to the creation of National Missing Children's Day, marked on May 25, the day the blond-haired, blue-eyed child went missing. The case has even pointed to a suspect, charged with child molester Julio Antonio Ramos, who is currently in prison. Patz's babysitter had been dating the man, and Ramos did know the kid, but has denied taking him away. New evidence in the case suggests another suspect who lived in the apartment at the time: a local handyman named Othniel Miller, who gave Etan $1 for helping him the night before the disappearance. The man's name had come up in an earlier investigation, but he was a friend of the Patz family, and the NYPD did not follow the lead. Investigators plan to be at the site, 127 B Prince St., which is now a Lucky Brand jeans store, for the next two to three days to search for human remains. The Associated Press reports that the excavation has been the result of a recently ordered review of the case by Manhattan's police. We can learn from the passage that _ .
A. People air the same view about the case on the Internet
B. People reject the reopening of the case of the missing boy
C. The missing-person case still has a long-lasting influence on people
D. Twitter is the only place for people to discuss about missing-person cases
|
||
Much older than the Great Wall, Stonehenge is one of the world's most fascinating, but least understood historical sites. Every year, thousands of tourists come to admire Stonehenge's beauty and to wonder about how and why it was built. Scientists have dated the site, which is located in prefix = st1 /England, to around 3000 BC. The stone circle was constructed in a number of stages over hundreds of years. It took millions of man hours to raise the heavy stones. Though there are many theories, it is still a mystery how stone-age man dragged such heavy stones over 380 kilometers from where they were made. Prehistoric people had only basic wooden tools. To move the stones they probably used tree trunks to roll them along. Some historians believe that Stonehenge was a temple, the site of ancient sacrifices . Others believe it was a burial place or perhaps even a giant sundial to tell the time. Whatever their ancient use was, the stones have always been a source of fascination for British people. One record from 1135 said the great stones were carried to Englandby giant magical creatures! In modern times Stonehenge has become a huge hit with tourists. According to the passage, it is possible that prehistoric people _ .
|
[
"spent many hours building the stone circle",
"moved the stones with simple wooden tools",
"built the stone circle for no purpose",
"dragged stones with the help of machines"
] | 1B
|
Much older than the Great Wall, Stonehenge is one of the world's most fascinating, but least understood historical sites. Every year, thousands of tourists come to admire Stonehenge's beauty and to wonder about how and why it was built. Scientists have dated the site, which is located in prefix = st1 /England, to around 3000 BC. The stone circle was constructed in a number of stages over hundreds of years. It took millions of man hours to raise the heavy stones. Though there are many theories, it is still a mystery how stone-age man dragged such heavy stones over 380 kilometers from where they were made. Prehistoric people had only basic wooden tools. To move the stones they probably used tree trunks to roll them along. Some historians believe that Stonehenge was a temple, the site of ancient sacrifices . Others believe it was a burial place or perhaps even a giant sundial to tell the time. Whatever their ancient use was, the stones have always been a source of fascination for British people. One record from 1135 said the great stones were carried to Englandby giant magical creatures! In modern times Stonehenge has become a huge hit with tourists. According to the passage, it is possible that prehistoric people _ .
A. spent many hours building the stone circle
B. moved the stones with simple wooden tools
C. built the stone circle for no purpose
D. dragged stones with the help of machines
|
B. moved the stones with simple wooden tools
|
Retrieved:
therefore tree uprooting is one of the most common cause of floaters in woody settings. rock pieces are upraised as part of the root mass, which settle into uproot holes or on the ground at a higher altitude. the frost weathering process can maneuver rock pieces above the ground, in addition to animal and human excavation. rock debris can also be transported to a site and movie their way downward. transportation of floaters in the modern era mainly occurs due to mining, construction, and landscaping activities in general. rock creep can also move rock pieces that are formed by weathering of surface bedrock outcropping downslope. = = human use = = in prehistory, as far back as the paleolithic era, floaters would have been easily obtained and used by humans and early hominids as stone tools, due to their widespread nature through the soil profile. early humans used them to create a variety of equipment made of either ground stone or knapped stone, as the stone age was a period of widespread stone tool usage. throughout human history, people have transported stone for construction and for making hearths and fire bowls, at times with help of domesticated animals. in ancient egypt, easily worked, soft sedimentary rocks were quarried for construction as early as 4000 bce. in modern real estate, floaters may be expensive to remove, though this depends on their size. however, a building constructed on them could compromise the structure with time. = = gallery = = = = see also = = rock fragment stone run pebble blockfield rockfall scree = = references = =
Original Instruction:
Much older than the Great Wall, Stonehenge is one of the world's most fascinating, but least understood historical sites. Every year, thousands of tourists come to admire Stonehenge's beauty and to wonder about how and why it was built. Scientists have dated the site, which is located in prefix = st1 /England, to around 3000 BC. The stone circle was constructed in a number of stages over hundreds of years. It took millions of man hours to raise the heavy stones. Though there are many theories, it is still a mystery how stone-age man dragged such heavy stones over 380 kilometers from where they were made. Prehistoric people had only basic wooden tools. To move the stones they probably used tree trunks to roll them along. Some historians believe that Stonehenge was a temple, the site of ancient sacrifices . Others believe it was a burial place or perhaps even a giant sundial to tell the time. Whatever their ancient use was, the stones have always been a source of fascination for British people. One record from 1135 said the great stones were carried to Englandby giant magical creatures! In modern times Stonehenge has become a huge hit with tourists. According to the passage, it is possible that prehistoric people _ .
A. spent many hours building the stone circle
B. moved the stones with simple wooden tools
C. built the stone circle for no purpose
D. dragged stones with the help of machines
|
||
If I were recreating water going in and out, I would need to make sure
|
[
"I paint the water orange",
"I include the animals",
"I use the sun for gravity",
"I repeat it twice"
] | 3D
|
If I were recreating water going in and out, I would need to make sure
A. I paint the water orange
B. I include the animals
C. I use the sun for gravity
D. I repeat it twice
|
D. I repeat it twice
|
Retrieved:
more ; very good flow green : 1, 000 – 1, 499 us gallons per minute ( 63 – 95 l / s ) ; good for residential areas orange : 500 – 999 us gallons per minute ( 32 – 63 l / s ) ; marginally adequate red : below 500 us gallons per minute ( 32 l / s ) ; inadequate the hydrant bodies are also color - coded. chrome yellow : municipal system red : private system violet : non - potable supply these markings and colours are prescribed in nfpa 291 : recommended practice for water flow testing and marking of hydrants. but most municipal water authorities do not actually follow these guidelines. in australia, hydrant signage varies, with several types displayed across the country. most australian hydrants are underground, being of a ballcock system ( spring hydrant type ), and a separate standpipe with a central plunger is used to open the valve. consequently, hydrant signage is essential, because of their concealed nature. painted markers – usually a white or yellow ( sometimes reflective paint ) triangle or arrow painted on the road, pointing towards the side of the road the hydrant will be found on. these are most common in old areas, or on new roads where more advanced signs have not been installed. these are almost always coupled with a secondary form of signage. hydrant marker plates – found on power poles, fences, or street - signs, these are a comprehensive and effective system of identification. the plate consists of several codes ; h ( potable water hydrant ), rh ( recycled / non - potable ), p ( pathway, where the hydrant cover can be found ), r ( roadway ). the plate is vertically oriented, around 8 cm wide, and 15 cm high. it usually faces in the direction of the hydrant. found on this plate, from top to bottom, are the following features : the codes listed above, potable / non - potable at the top, path / roadway on the bottom of the plate. below this, a number giving the distance to the hydrant ( in meters ), then a second number below that giving the size ( in millimeters ) of the water main. a black line across the center of the plate indicates the hydrant is found on the opposite side of the road to which the plate is affixed. plates for recycled water have a purple background, as well as the rh code, normal potable hydrants are white, with the h code. road markers or cat's eyes –
Original Instruction:
If I were recreating water going in and out, I would need to make sure
A. I paint the water orange
B. I include the animals
C. I use the sun for gravity
D. I repeat it twice
|
||
As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg's Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us. Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are "in" these days. Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin soup is no longer cool. The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction -- up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to _ the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu. In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins. Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing marine life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury goods has become a full-scale war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"People have kicked the habit of having shark fin soup.",
"Shark fins will not be available any more in restaurants.",
"Global efforts have succeeded in stopping killing wild animals.",
"More animals for high-end products will be saved."
] | 3D
|
As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg's Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us. Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are "in" these days. Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin soup is no longer cool. The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction -- up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to _ the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu. In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins. Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing marine life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury goods has become a full-scale war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals. What can we infer from the passage?
A. People have kicked the habit of having shark fin soup.
B. Shark fins will not be available any more in restaurants.
C. Global efforts have succeeded in stopping killing wild animals.
D. More animals for high-end products will be saved.
|
D. More animals for high-end products will be saved.
|
Retrieved:
and available prey resources for different species. large pelagic species such as blue and mako sharks are rarely observed feeding in the same areas as great white sharks, and the presence of white sharks will prevent other species from scavenging on whale carcasses. intraguild predation between sharks and toothed whales usually involves large sharks preying upon dolphins and porpoises while also competing with them for fish prey, but orcas reverse this trend by preying upon large sharks while competing for large fish and seal prey. intraguild predation can occur in freshwater systems as well. for example, invertebrate predators such as insect larvae and predatory copepods and cladocerans can act as intraguild prey, with planktivorous fish the interguild predator and herbivorous zooplankton acting as the basal resource. = = importance to management and conservation = = the presence and intensity of intraguild predation is important to both management and conservation of species. human influence on communities and ecosystems can affect the balance of these interactions, and the direct and indirect effects of igp may have economic consequences. fisheries managers have only recently begun to understand the importance of intraguild predation on the availability of fish stocks as they attempt to move towards ecosystem - based management. igp interactions between sharks and seals may prevent seals from feeding in areas where commercially important fish species are abundant, which may indirectly make more of these fish available to fishermen. however, igp may also negatively influence fisheries. intraguild predation by spiny dogfish and various skate species on economically important fishes like cod and haddock have been cited as a possible reason for the slow recovery of the groundfish fishery in the western north atlantic. intraguild predation is also an important consideration for restoring ecosystems. because the presence of top predators can so strongly affect the distribution and abundance of both intermediate predator and prey species, efforts to either restore or control predator populations can have significant and often unintended ecological consequences. in yellowstone national park, the reintroduction of wolves caused them to become intraguild predators of coyotes, which had far - reaching effects on both the animal and plant communities in the park. intraguild predation is an important ecological interaction, and conservation and management measures will need to take it into consideration. = = references = =
Original Instruction:
As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg's Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us. Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are "in" these days. Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin soup is no longer cool. The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction -- up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to _ the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu. In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins. Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing marine life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury goods has become a full-scale war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals. What can we infer from the passage?
A. People have kicked the habit of having shark fin soup.
B. Shark fins will not be available any more in restaurants.
C. Global efforts have succeeded in stopping killing wild animals.
D. More animals for high-end products will be saved.
|
||
Grasshoppers are having to change their song -- one of the iconic sounds of summer -- to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic, ecologists have discovered. The study, published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations. Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons, including marking out territory, warning of predators and finding mates, and although previous research shows birds, whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments, the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now. Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers, half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads. The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates. The team then studied the differences in the two groups' songs in the laboratory. To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper, and then recorded their courtship songs. Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations. According to Lampe: "Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components. We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum ." The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system . "Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways. It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognizing males of their own species, or _ females' ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song," Lampe explains. Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication, the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works, and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae , or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences. The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe. Adults occur mainly between July and September, preferring dry grasslands. Around 1.5 cm long, they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple. The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude towards the end. The beginning of a phrase is characterized by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude, leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase. A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate.",
"Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.",
"Grasshoppers' songs include both low and high frequency components.",
"Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe."
] | 1B
|
Grasshoppers are having to change their song -- one of the iconic sounds of summer -- to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic, ecologists have discovered. The study, published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations. Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons, including marking out territory, warning of predators and finding mates, and although previous research shows birds, whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments, the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now. Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers, half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads. The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates. The team then studied the differences in the two groups' songs in the laboratory. To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper, and then recorded their courtship songs. Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations. According to Lampe: "Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components. We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum ." The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system . "Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways. It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognizing males of their own species, or _ females' ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song," Lampe explains. Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication, the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works, and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae , or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences. The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe. Adults occur mainly between July and September, preferring dry grasslands. Around 1.5 cm long, they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple. The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude towards the end. The beginning of a phrase is characterized by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude, leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase. A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A. Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate.
B. Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.
C. Grasshoppers' songs include both low and high frequency components.
D. Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe.
|
B. Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.
|
Retrieved:
##rthippus biguttulus grasshoppers attract females by using stridulation to produce courtship songs. the females produce acoustic signals that are shorter and primarily low frequency and amplitude, in response to the male's song. research has found that this species of grasshopper changes its mating call in response to loud traffic noise. lampe and schmoll ( 2012 ) found that male grasshoppers from quiet habitats have a local frequency maximum of about 7319 hz. in contrast, male grasshoppers exposed to loud traffic noise can create signals with a higher local frequency maximum of 7622 hz. the higher frequencies are produced by the grasshoppers to prevent background noise from drowning out their signals. this information reveals that anthropogenic noise disturbs the acoustic signals produced by insects for communication. similar processes of behavior perturbation, behavioral plasticity, and population level shifts in response to noise likely occur in sound - producing marine invertebrates, but more experimental research is needed. = = = impacts on development = = = boat - noise has been shown to affect the embryonic development and fitness of the sea hare stylocheilus striatus. anthropogenic noise can alter conditions in the environment that have a negative effect on invertebrate survival. although embryos can adapt to normal changes in their environment, evidence suggests they are not well adapted to endure the negative effects of noise pollution. studies have been conducted on the sea hare to determine the effects of boat noise on the early stages of life and the development of embryos. researchers have studied sea hares from the lagoon of moorea island, french polynesia. in the study, recordings of boat noise were made by using a hydrophone. in addition, recordings of ambient noise were made that did not contain boat noise. in contrast to ambient noise playbacks, mollusks exposed to boat noise playbacks had a 21 % reduction in embryonic development. additionally, newly hatched larvae experienced an increased mortality rate of 22 % when exposed to boat noise playbacks. = = = impacts on ecosystem = = = anthropogenic noise can have negative effects on invertebrates that aid in controlling environmental processes that are crucial to the ecosystem. there are a variety of natural underwater sounds produced by waves in coastal and shelf habitats, and biotic communication signals that do not negatively impact the ecosystem. the changes in behavior of invertebrates vary depending on the type of anthropogenic noise and is similar to natural noisescapes. experiments have examined the behavior and physiology of the clam ( ru
Original Instruction:
Grasshoppers are having to change their song -- one of the iconic sounds of summer -- to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic, ecologists have discovered. The study, published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations. Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons, including marking out territory, warning of predators and finding mates, and although previous research shows birds, whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments, the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now. Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers, half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads. The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates. The team then studied the differences in the two groups' songs in the laboratory. To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper, and then recorded their courtship songs. Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations. According to Lampe: "Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components. We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum ." The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system . "Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways. It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognizing males of their own species, or _ females' ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song," Lampe explains. Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication, the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works, and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae , or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences. The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe. Adults occur mainly between July and September, preferring dry grasslands. Around 1.5 cm long, they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple. The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude towards the end. The beginning of a phrase is characterized by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude, leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase. A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A. Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate.
B. Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.
C. Grasshoppers' songs include both low and high frequency components.
D. Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe.
|
||
A load of dirt, mud, water and debris can come toppling down from a higher place if
|
[
"skies are clear",
"cats are playing",
"leaves are budding",
"weather is poor"
] | 3D
|
A load of dirt, mud, water and debris can come toppling down from a higher place if
A. skies are clear
B. cats are playing
C. leaves are budding
D. weather is poor
|
D. weather is poor
|
Retrieved:
a rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds, known as its leeward side. evaporated moisture from bodies of water ( such as oceans and large lakes ) is carried by the prevailing onshore breezes towards the drier and hotter inland areas. when encountering elevated landforms, the moist air is driven upslope towards the peak, where it expands, cools, and its moisture condenses and starts to precipitate. if the landforms are tall and wide enough, most of the humidity will be lost to precipitation over the windward side ( also known as the rainward side ) before ever making it past the top. as the air descends the leeward side of the landforms, it is compressed and heated, producing foehn winds that absorb moisture downslope and cast a broad " shadow " of dry climate region behind the mountain crests. this climate typically takes the form of shrub – steppe, xeric shrublands, or deserts. the condition exists because warm moist air rises by orographic lifting to the top of a mountain range. as atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude, the air has expanded and adiabatically cooled to the point that the air reaches its adiabatic dew point ( which is not the same as its constant pressure dew point commonly reported in weather forecasts ). at the adiabatic dew point, moisture condenses onto the mountain and it precipitates on the top and windward sides of the mountain. the air descends on the leeward side, but due to the precipitation it has lost much of its moisture. typically, descending air also gets warmer because of adiabatic compression ( as with foehn winds ) down the leeward side of the mountain, which increases the amount of moisture that it can absorb and creates an arid region. = = notably affected regions = = there are regular patterns of prevailing winds found in bands round earth's equatorial region. the zone designated the trade winds is the zone between about 30° n and 30° s, blowing predominantly from the northeast in the northern hemisphere and from the southeast in the southern hemisphere. the westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude, blowing predominantly from the southwest in the northern hemisphere and from the northwest in the southern hemisphere. some of the strongest westerly winds in the middle latitudes can come in the roaring forties of the southern hemisphere, between 30 and 50 degrees latitude. examples
Original Instruction:
A load of dirt, mud, water and debris can come toppling down from a higher place if
A. skies are clear
B. cats are playing
C. leaves are budding
D. weather is poor
|
||
The food in America is different from (......) that in China. The American people eat a lot of potatoes. They like to eat them every day. They often eat bread. They eat it with cheese, butter or jam . Cheese and butter are made from milk. The American people drink a lot of milk. They put it in the tea. They also drink coffee. And they like meat or fish with vegetables. After the meal, they have something sweet,it's dessert. They don't drink _ in America.
|
[
"milk",
"tea",
"coffee",
"rice porridge"
] | 3D
|
The food in America is different from (......) that in China. The American people eat a lot of potatoes. They like to eat them every day. They often eat bread. They eat it with cheese, butter or jam . Cheese and butter are made from milk. The American people drink a lot of milk. They put it in the tea. They also drink coffee. And they like meat or fish with vegetables. After the meal, they have something sweet,it's dessert. They don't drink _ in America.
A. milk
B. tea
C. coffee
D. rice porridge
|
D. rice porridge
|
Retrieved:
acid, alcohol, acetic acid, and alkaline fermentations ; to enrich food substrates with protein, essential amino acids, and vitamins ; to eliminate antinutrients ; and to reduce cooking time and the associated use of fuel. beverages produced through fermentation have likely universally been associated with ceremonies and festivals. there is some understanding of how they have been consumed in such contexts, derived from the construction of drinkware, and residue contained therein. = = fermented foods by region = = worldwide : alcohol ( beer, wine ), vinegar, olives, yogurt, bread, cheese asia east and southeast asia : amazake, atchara, belacan, burong mangga, com ruou, doenjang, douchi, fish sauce, lah pet, lambanog, kimchi, kombucha, leppet - so, narezushi, miso, nata de coco, natto, ngapi, oncom, padaek, pla ra, prahok, ruou nep, sake, shrimp paste, soju, soy sauce, stinky tofu, tape, tempeh, tempoyak, zha cai central asia : kumis, kefir, shubat, qatiq ( yogurt ) south asia : achar, appam, dosa, dhokla, dahi ( yogurt ), idli, mixed pickle, ngari, sinki, tongba, paneer africa : garri, injera, laxoox, mageu, ogi, ogiri, iru americas : chicha, chocolate, vanilla, hot sauce, tepache, tibicos, pulque, muktuk, kiviak, parakari middle east : torshi, boza europe : sourdough bread, elderberry wine, kombucha, pickling, rakfisk, sauerkraut, pickled cucumber, surstromming, mead, kvass, salami, sucuk, prosciutto, cultured milk products such as quark, kefir, filmjolk, creme fraiche, smetana, skyr, rakı, tupi, zur. oceania : poi, kanga pirau = = fermented foods by type = = = = = beans = = = cheonggukjang, doe
Original Instruction:
The food in America is different from (......) that in China. The American people eat a lot of potatoes. They like to eat them every day. They often eat bread. They eat it with cheese, butter or jam . Cheese and butter are made from milk. The American people drink a lot of milk. They put it in the tea. They also drink coffee. And they like meat or fish with vegetables. After the meal, they have something sweet,it's dessert. They don't drink _ in America.
A. milk
B. tea
C. coffee
D. rice porridge
|
||
Many people may not believe it, but this is what is happening: polar bears are dying out! They are dying because they are losing a great deal of habitat due to human incursion and global warming. They are dying because of starvation as well. With the sea ice they depend on for survival shrinking, it is becoming increasingly difficult for them to find food. An ecosystem is highly dependent on all of its parts, and removing even a single species can result in serious consequences. Polar bears are at the top of the predators where they live. They play an important part in the ecosystem. They feed on seals, fish and deer. Several other animals depend on the kill of polar bears. The failure to save polar bears might result in loss of these predators. In addition, all large predators perform a very important function in their habitat: helping to control the populations of other species. When an animal group loses its natural predators, its population will rise rapidly, having a direct result in population decrease of other groups. A huge boom in population of Arctic seals would have a direct effect on the prey of seals, and could reduce numbers of certain types of fish. This could also have a direct effect on humans, who might have to compete with Arctic seals for food supplies from fish. Lack of polar bears could eventually affect human food supply. Human beings shall save polar bears to ensure the food supply. There is no doubt that we should save polar bears. However, there is still another question: can they be saved? This is a matter that scientists debate because of rapid degradation of the polar bear' environment in recent years due to warming temperatures. It is estimated that if the bears cannot adapt to changing climates, they might die out before the end of the 21stcentury, with about 50% of the animals disappearing by 2050. So time is running out! There are some things that may help slow down global warming and help delay extinction of polar bears. These include finding new energy sources that don't give off greenhouse gases and not making any more incursions into polar bear's territory. We can infer that _ .
|
[
"nothing can prevent the extinction of polar bears",
"drilling for oil in the Arctic should be encouraged",
"polar bears can surely adapt to changing climates",
"using solar energy is good for saving polar bears"
] | 3D
|
Many people may not believe it, but this is what is happening: polar bears are dying out! They are dying because they are losing a great deal of habitat due to human incursion and global warming. They are dying because of starvation as well. With the sea ice they depend on for survival shrinking, it is becoming increasingly difficult for them to find food. An ecosystem is highly dependent on all of its parts, and removing even a single species can result in serious consequences. Polar bears are at the top of the predators where they live. They play an important part in the ecosystem. They feed on seals, fish and deer. Several other animals depend on the kill of polar bears. The failure to save polar bears might result in loss of these predators. In addition, all large predators perform a very important function in their habitat: helping to control the populations of other species. When an animal group loses its natural predators, its population will rise rapidly, having a direct result in population decrease of other groups. A huge boom in population of Arctic seals would have a direct effect on the prey of seals, and could reduce numbers of certain types of fish. This could also have a direct effect on humans, who might have to compete with Arctic seals for food supplies from fish. Lack of polar bears could eventually affect human food supply. Human beings shall save polar bears to ensure the food supply. There is no doubt that we should save polar bears. However, there is still another question: can they be saved? This is a matter that scientists debate because of rapid degradation of the polar bear' environment in recent years due to warming temperatures. It is estimated that if the bears cannot adapt to changing climates, they might die out before the end of the 21stcentury, with about 50% of the animals disappearing by 2050. So time is running out! There are some things that may help slow down global warming and help delay extinction of polar bears. These include finding new energy sources that don't give off greenhouse gases and not making any more incursions into polar bear's territory. We can infer that _ .
A. nothing can prevent the extinction of polar bears
B. drilling for oil in the Arctic should be encouraged
C. polar bears can surely adapt to changing climates
D. using solar energy is good for saving polar bears
|
D. using solar energy is good for saving polar bears
|
Retrieved:
ice and warming of ocean waters could also have the opposite result and lead to stronger thermohaline currents, or maintain them. due to the dependence of global climates on thermohaline circulation, changes in this circulation could have significant effects on temperature and precipitation. the melting of sea ice further disrupts the lives and ecological interactions of a wide range of species, including polar bears, arctic foxes, and multiple species of seals and sea birds. this disruption can be caused by many factors, including but not limited to these species'use of sea ice for various behaviors including migration, hunting, and mating. reduced sea ice could further disrupt arctic ecological interactions by altering available nutrients for phytoplankton growth and thus threatening the " foundation " of the arctic marine tropic web. recent projections suggest that global warming could lead to the disappearance of most arctic summer sea ice by 2050. degradation of the permafrost is leading to major ground surface subsidence and pounding. as the ground is melting away in many regions of the arctic, the locations of towns and communities that have been inhabited for centuries are now in jeopardy. a condition known as drunken tree syndrome is being caused by this melting, along with more widespread impacts on soil characteristics and plant community composition that threaten to alter current ecological relationships. groundwater and river runoffs are being negatively impacted as well due to the release of hazardous chemicals and wastes stored in permafrost and the damage done to human infrastructure by permafrost instability. research by miner et al. has suggested that increased pollution caused by thawing permafrost may " disrupt " arctic ecological stability. although warming conditions might increase co2 uptake for photosynthetic organisms in some places, scientists are concerned that melting permafrost will also release large amounts of carbon that was previously locked in permafrost. higher temperatures increase soil decomposition, and if soil decomposition becomes higher than net primary production, global atmospheric carbon dioxide will in turn increase. atmospheric sinks in the water table are also being reduced as the permafrost melts and decreases the height of the water table in the arctic. the impacts of the release of carbon from the permafrost could be amplified by high levels of deforestation in the boreal forests in eurasia and canada. human activity has led to the introduction of non - indigenous species ( nis ) into arctic ecosystems, while changing climate conditions have allowed their survival. shipping has been suggested as the most significant cause of nis introduction, and there are
Original Instruction:
Many people may not believe it, but this is what is happening: polar bears are dying out! They are dying because they are losing a great deal of habitat due to human incursion and global warming. They are dying because of starvation as well. With the sea ice they depend on for survival shrinking, it is becoming increasingly difficult for them to find food. An ecosystem is highly dependent on all of its parts, and removing even a single species can result in serious consequences. Polar bears are at the top of the predators where they live. They play an important part in the ecosystem. They feed on seals, fish and deer. Several other animals depend on the kill of polar bears. The failure to save polar bears might result in loss of these predators. In addition, all large predators perform a very important function in their habitat: helping to control the populations of other species. When an animal group loses its natural predators, its population will rise rapidly, having a direct result in population decrease of other groups. A huge boom in population of Arctic seals would have a direct effect on the prey of seals, and could reduce numbers of certain types of fish. This could also have a direct effect on humans, who might have to compete with Arctic seals for food supplies from fish. Lack of polar bears could eventually affect human food supply. Human beings shall save polar bears to ensure the food supply. There is no doubt that we should save polar bears. However, there is still another question: can they be saved? This is a matter that scientists debate because of rapid degradation of the polar bear' environment in recent years due to warming temperatures. It is estimated that if the bears cannot adapt to changing climates, they might die out before the end of the 21stcentury, with about 50% of the animals disappearing by 2050. So time is running out! There are some things that may help slow down global warming and help delay extinction of polar bears. These include finding new energy sources that don't give off greenhouse gases and not making any more incursions into polar bear's territory. We can infer that _ .
A. nothing can prevent the extinction of polar bears
B. drilling for oil in the Arctic should be encouraged
C. polar bears can surely adapt to changing climates
D. using solar energy is good for saving polar bears
|
||
Hello, my name is Gina. John, Anna and I are good friends. We are in the same grade. But they are in Class Five and I am in Class Three. We get up at 7:00 and go to school at 7:30. In the morning we have four lessons. We have English every morning. John and Anna have English at 10:00 in the morning and I have _ at 11:00. English is my favorite subject. Math is their favorite. And we all like P.E. In the afternoon, we have three lessons. At 2:30 we have the art lesson in the same classroom. After school we often play soccer. We all like soccer. Sometimes we watch TV at my house. We don't play any computer games. John has _ lessons a day.
|
[
"four",
"five",
"six",
"seven"
] | 3D
|
Hello, my name is Gina. John, Anna and I are good friends. We are in the same grade. But they are in Class Five and I am in Class Three. We get up at 7:00 and go to school at 7:30. In the morning we have four lessons. We have English every morning. John and Anna have English at 10:00 in the morning and I have _ at 11:00. English is my favorite subject. Math is their favorite. And we all like P.E. In the afternoon, we have three lessons. At 2:30 we have the art lesson in the same classroom. After school we often play soccer. We all like soccer. Sometimes we watch TV at my house. We don't play any computer games. John has _ lessons a day.
A. four
B. five
C. six
D. seven
|
D. seven
|
Retrieved:
resources a person has obtained can heavily influence a child's educational success. it has been shown that students raised under the concerted cultivation approach have " an emerging sense of entitlement " which leads to asking teachers more questions and being a more active student, causing teachers to favor students raised in this manner. this childrearing approach which creates positive interactions in the classroom environment is in contrast with the natural growth approach to childrearing. in this approach, which is more common amongst working - class families, parents do not focus on developing the special talents of their individual children, and they speak to their children in directives. due to this, it is rarer for a child raised in this manner to question or challenge adults and conflict arises between childrearing practices at home and school. children raised in this manner are less inclined to participate in the classroom setting and are less likely to go out of their way to positively interact with teachers and form relationships. however, the greater freedom of working - class children gives them a broader range of local playmates, closer relationships with cousins and extended family, less sibling rivalry, fewer complaints to their parents of being bored, and fewer parent - child arguments. in the united states, links between minority underperformance in schools have been made with a lacking in the cultural resources of cultural capital, social capital and economic capital, yet inconsistencies persist even when these variables are accounted for. " once admitted to institutions of higher education, african americans and latinos continued to underperform relative to their white and asian counterparts, earning lower grades, progressing at a slower rate and dropping out at higher rates. more disturbing was the fact that these differentials persisted even after controlling for obvious factors such as sat scores and family socioeconomic status ". the theory of capital deficiency is among the most recognized explanations for minority underperformance academically — that for whatever reason they simply lack the resources to find academic success. one of the largest factors for this, aside from the social, economic, and cultural capital mentioned earlier, is human capital. this form of capital, identified by social scientists only in recent years, has to do with the education and life preparation of children. " human capital refers to the skills, abilities and knowledge possessed by specific individuals ". this allows college - educated parents who have large amounts of human capital to invest in their children in certain ways to maximize future success — from reading to them at night to possessing a better understanding of the school system which causes them to be less deferential to teachers
Original Instruction:
Hello, my name is Gina. John, Anna and I are good friends. We are in the same grade. But they are in Class Five and I am in Class Three. We get up at 7:00 and go to school at 7:30. In the morning we have four lessons. We have English every morning. John and Anna have English at 10:00 in the morning and I have _ at 11:00. English is my favorite subject. Math is their favorite. And we all like P.E. In the afternoon, we have three lessons. At 2:30 we have the art lesson in the same classroom. After school we often play soccer. We all like soccer. Sometimes we watch TV at my house. We don't play any computer games. John has _ lessons a day.
A. four
B. five
C. six
D. seven
|
||
Many cities have subways and underground public transportation to take locals and tourists alike rapidly around the city.However, there's something different about riding a London subway.It may not look different, but the historical value of one of England's most popular forms of transportation is enough to make riding the subway a must when visiting London.With a little under 300 different stations, the subway can take you almost anywhere you need to go. Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other.In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times.That's not rudeness --people are just too busy to bother looking. Busy doing what, you ask? Well, they're certainly not using the time for a moment of quiet thinking.Nor are they reading a book.New technology has replaced quiet habits.Today the only acceptable form of book on the London underground is an e-book. Apple must earn a fortune from London commuters .Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007, over 40,000--yes, that's 40,000 " _ " have been designed. Commuters love them because they are the perfect time-fillers.One "app", called iShoot, is a game that features tanks.Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination.iSteam clouds the iPhone screen when you breathe into the microphone.You can then write in the "steam" on your phone screen. For those without an iPhone, another Apple product, the iPod, may be the distraction of choice.It's not just teenagers who "plug in" to their music-iPods are a popular way to pass the time for all ages. And if games, e-books and music aren't enough to keep you occupied, then perhaps you would prefer a film? The development of palm DVD technology means many commuters watch their favorite TV shows or films on the way to work.With all these distractions, it's amazing that people still remember to get off the train. The main idea of the passage is that _ .
|
[
"London commuters are unfriendly to strangers",
"Apple has earned a lot of money from selling 40,000 apps",
"technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time",
"riding a London subway is a must when visiting London"
] | 2C
|
Many cities have subways and underground public transportation to take locals and tourists alike rapidly around the city.However, there's something different about riding a London subway.It may not look different, but the historical value of one of England's most popular forms of transportation is enough to make riding the subway a must when visiting London.With a little under 300 different stations, the subway can take you almost anywhere you need to go. Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other.In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times.That's not rudeness --people are just too busy to bother looking. Busy doing what, you ask? Well, they're certainly not using the time for a moment of quiet thinking.Nor are they reading a book.New technology has replaced quiet habits.Today the only acceptable form of book on the London underground is an e-book. Apple must earn a fortune from London commuters .Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007, over 40,000--yes, that's 40,000 " _ " have been designed. Commuters love them because they are the perfect time-fillers.One "app", called iShoot, is a game that features tanks.Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination.iSteam clouds the iPhone screen when you breathe into the microphone.You can then write in the "steam" on your phone screen. For those without an iPhone, another Apple product, the iPod, may be the distraction of choice.It's not just teenagers who "plug in" to their music-iPods are a popular way to pass the time for all ages. And if games, e-books and music aren't enough to keep you occupied, then perhaps you would prefer a film? The development of palm DVD technology means many commuters watch their favorite TV shows or films on the way to work.With all these distractions, it's amazing that people still remember to get off the train. The main idea of the passage is that _ .
A. London commuters are unfriendly to strangers
B. Apple has earned a lot of money from selling 40,000 apps
C. technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time
D. riding a London subway is a must when visiting London
|
C. technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time
|
Retrieved:
los a, while pedestrians tend to prefer active, interesting sidewalks, where people prefer to walk ( but rate a worse los on this scale ). to rectify this and other issues, the national cooperative highway research program ( nchrp ) is conducting a project to enhance methods to determine los for automobiles, transit, bicycles, and pedestrians on urban streets, with particular consideration to intermodal interactions. similarly, transport for london's pedestrian comfort guidance for london ( 2010 / 2019 ) " goes further than existing measures such as fruin level of service which simply assess crowding. [ the london guidance ] is based on comfort and takes into account user perceptions as well as observed behaviours ". the a to f scale deals only with delays and service reliability. these delays are typically caused by congestion, breakdowns or infrequent service. it assumes there is a service in place that people can use. it also implies that poor los can be solved by increased capacity such as additional lanes or overcoming bottlenecks, and in the case of transit, more buses or trains. it does not deal for instance with cases where there is no bridge across a river, no bus or train service, no sidewalks, or no bike - lanes. an expanded los might look like : 0 - no service exists. latent demand may exist. 1 - service is poor, unsafe or discouraging. demand is suppressed below socially desirable levels. a - f - as per existing los scale. g - further expansion of capacity is limited. h - no expansion is possible. radical or innovative solutions are required = = los in the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland = = the los measure is much more suited to american roads than roads in europe and the uk, but the hcm is used. the technique is in uk textbooks but is sparingly used. the individual countries of the uk have different bodies for each area's roads, and detailed techniques and applications vary in scotland, england and wales, but in general the practice is the same. rural and urban roads are in general much busier than in the u. s, and service levels tend to be to the higher end of the scale, especially in peak commuting periods. it is acceptable for roads to operate at 85 % capacity, which equates to los d and e. in general, the principle is to take the volume of traffic in one hour and divide by the appropriate capacity of the road type to get a v / c rating, which can be cross - referenced to the
Original Instruction:
Many cities have subways and underground public transportation to take locals and tourists alike rapidly around the city.However, there's something different about riding a London subway.It may not look different, but the historical value of one of England's most popular forms of transportation is enough to make riding the subway a must when visiting London.With a little under 300 different stations, the subway can take you almost anywhere you need to go. Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other.In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times.That's not rudeness --people are just too busy to bother looking. Busy doing what, you ask? Well, they're certainly not using the time for a moment of quiet thinking.Nor are they reading a book.New technology has replaced quiet habits.Today the only acceptable form of book on the London underground is an e-book. Apple must earn a fortune from London commuters .Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007, over 40,000--yes, that's 40,000 " _ " have been designed. Commuters love them because they are the perfect time-fillers.One "app", called iShoot, is a game that features tanks.Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination.iSteam clouds the iPhone screen when you breathe into the microphone.You can then write in the "steam" on your phone screen. For those without an iPhone, another Apple product, the iPod, may be the distraction of choice.It's not just teenagers who "plug in" to their music-iPods are a popular way to pass the time for all ages. And if games, e-books and music aren't enough to keep you occupied, then perhaps you would prefer a film? The development of palm DVD technology means many commuters watch their favorite TV shows or films on the way to work.With all these distractions, it's amazing that people still remember to get off the train. The main idea of the passage is that _ .
A. London commuters are unfriendly to strangers
B. Apple has earned a lot of money from selling 40,000 apps
C. technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time
D. riding a London subway is a must when visiting London
|
||
Forget hard work and perseverance. Getting ahead is as simple as tidying your desk. According to a leading expert, having a cluttered environment reflects a cluttered mind, but the act of tidying up can help you be more successful. The advice comes from Jayne Morris, the resident"life coach" for NHS Online, who said it is no good just moving the mess around. In order to clear the mind, unwanted items must be thrown away to free your "inner world", she said. Ms Morris, who claims to have coached celebrities to major business figures, said:"Clearing clutter from your desk has the power to transform your business. " How? Because clutter in your outer environment is the physical sign of all the clutter going on inside of you. " Clearing clutter has a chain effect across your entire life, including your work. Having an untidy desk covered in clutter could be stopping you achieving the business success you want. " She is sure cleaning up will be helpful even though some of history's biggest achievers lived and worked in messy conditions. Churchill was considered untidy from a boy throughout his life, from his office to his artist's studio,and the lab where Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin was famously untidy. Among the recommendations is that simply tidying a desk at work and an overflowing filing cabinet will instantly have a positive impact on "your inner world. " Anything that is no longer used should not be put into storage but thrown away completely. Keeping something in the loft, garage or other part of the house, does not help because it is still connected to the person "by tiny energetic li.nes", Ms Morris. claims. She said, "The things in your life that are useful to you, that add value to your life, that serve a current purpose are charged with positive energy that refreshes you and enriches your life. But the things that you don't ever use and don't need anymore have the opposite effect on your energy. Things that no longer fit or serve you, use up your energy. " Which of the following statements does Ms Morris agree to?
|
[
"Changing the position of staff frequently will help to build up a clear mind.",
"A tidy office will lead to a success in your business affairs in no time.",
"To have a free mind, we need to throw away unneeded items at times.",
"You can pack up your things in garage or loft to cheer you up."
] | 2C
|
Forget hard work and perseverance. Getting ahead is as simple as tidying your desk. According to a leading expert, having a cluttered environment reflects a cluttered mind, but the act of tidying up can help you be more successful. The advice comes from Jayne Morris, the resident"life coach" for NHS Online, who said it is no good just moving the mess around. In order to clear the mind, unwanted items must be thrown away to free your "inner world", she said. Ms Morris, who claims to have coached celebrities to major business figures, said:"Clearing clutter from your desk has the power to transform your business. " How? Because clutter in your outer environment is the physical sign of all the clutter going on inside of you. " Clearing clutter has a chain effect across your entire life, including your work. Having an untidy desk covered in clutter could be stopping you achieving the business success you want. " She is sure cleaning up will be helpful even though some of history's biggest achievers lived and worked in messy conditions. Churchill was considered untidy from a boy throughout his life, from his office to his artist's studio,and the lab where Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin was famously untidy. Among the recommendations is that simply tidying a desk at work and an overflowing filing cabinet will instantly have a positive impact on "your inner world. " Anything that is no longer used should not be put into storage but thrown away completely. Keeping something in the loft, garage or other part of the house, does not help because it is still connected to the person "by tiny energetic li.nes", Ms Morris. claims. She said, "The things in your life that are useful to you, that add value to your life, that serve a current purpose are charged with positive energy that refreshes you and enriches your life. But the things that you don't ever use and don't need anymore have the opposite effect on your energy. Things that no longer fit or serve you, use up your energy. " Which of the following statements does Ms Morris agree to?
A. Changing the position of staff frequently will help to build up a clear mind.
B. A tidy office will lead to a success in your business affairs in no time.
C. To have a free mind, we need to throw away unneeded items at times.
D. You can pack up your things in garage or loft to cheer you up.
|
C. To have a free mind, we need to throw away unneeded items at times.
|
Retrieved:
express them all, 2 ) that when i'm trying to make a point, that i just remembered something that i was supposed to say, so the person can understand, and i need to interrupt myself to say something that i should have said before, and 3 ) that i need to constantly revise the sentences that i'm working on, to get it out right. = = differential diagnosis = = cluttering can often be confused with various language disorders, learning disabilities, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ). clutterers often have reading and writing disabilities, especially sprawling, disorderly handwriting, which poorly integrate ideas and space. it can occur with parkinson's disease. = = treatment = = the common goals of treatment for cluttering include slowing the rate of speech, heightening monitoring, using clear articulation, using acceptable and organized language, interacting with listeners, speaking naturally, and reducing excessive disfluencies. slowing the rate of speech can help many of the symptoms of cluttering, and can be achieved in a couple of different ways. it is important that speech language pathologists do not nag their clients to " slow down " incessantly, as this does not help and can actually hinder progress. additionally, it is important to remember that speech rate often increases when emotional arousal or stress increases. instead of constant verbal reminders, clinicians may use a combination of delayed auditory feedback ( daf ), giving out " speeding tickets " ( written reminders to slow down speech ), or recording speech and having clients transcribe it, writing in where there is need for spaces and pauses. many people who clutter are either unable or unwilling to think about their speech, particularly in casual speech. the strategies to slow speech down all require careful monitoring of speech, which can be very difficult for those who clutter. imagination and careful observation are used to increase monitoring. for instance, an adult who clutters may be asked to visualize themselves speaking slowly and clearly before they actually speak. additionally, video and audio recordings may be used to show those who clutter where communication starts to break down in their speech. in general, slowing the rate of speech and / or monitoring speech more effectively should lead to clearer articulation. however, if they do not, additional treatment is needed. these articulation treatment strategies include practicing short sentences with " over - articulated ", unnatural but technically correct, speech. reading multisyllabic words and focusing on including each of the
Original Instruction:
Forget hard work and perseverance. Getting ahead is as simple as tidying your desk. According to a leading expert, having a cluttered environment reflects a cluttered mind, but the act of tidying up can help you be more successful. The advice comes from Jayne Morris, the resident"life coach" for NHS Online, who said it is no good just moving the mess around. In order to clear the mind, unwanted items must be thrown away to free your "inner world", she said. Ms Morris, who claims to have coached celebrities to major business figures, said:"Clearing clutter from your desk has the power to transform your business. " How? Because clutter in your outer environment is the physical sign of all the clutter going on inside of you. " Clearing clutter has a chain effect across your entire life, including your work. Having an untidy desk covered in clutter could be stopping you achieving the business success you want. " She is sure cleaning up will be helpful even though some of history's biggest achievers lived and worked in messy conditions. Churchill was considered untidy from a boy throughout his life, from his office to his artist's studio,and the lab where Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin was famously untidy. Among the recommendations is that simply tidying a desk at work and an overflowing filing cabinet will instantly have a positive impact on "your inner world. " Anything that is no longer used should not be put into storage but thrown away completely. Keeping something in the loft, garage or other part of the house, does not help because it is still connected to the person "by tiny energetic li.nes", Ms Morris. claims. She said, "The things in your life that are useful to you, that add value to your life, that serve a current purpose are charged with positive energy that refreshes you and enriches your life. But the things that you don't ever use and don't need anymore have the opposite effect on your energy. Things that no longer fit or serve you, use up your energy. " Which of the following statements does Ms Morris agree to?
A. Changing the position of staff frequently will help to build up a clear mind.
B. A tidy office will lead to a success in your business affairs in no time.
C. To have a free mind, we need to throw away unneeded items at times.
D. You can pack up your things in garage or loft to cheer you up.
|
||
Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, has issued smog warnings for three days since Monday because of serious air pollution. The lingering smog forced construction sites to stop work and primary and middle schools to suspend outdoor activities. From Monday through Wednesday, the city's air quality index reading remained high, with the highest reading at 323, with PM2.5, or particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns, as the main pollutant, according to the city's meteorological bureau. Any reading over 300 is considered "seriously polluted". The city experienced at least eight heavily polluted days in the first two weeks of December, with the air quality index reading reaching a high of 440, China News Service reported. Among those affected was a square dancing team in Jiang'an district, which had to stop daily practices after several members fell ill. Square dancing is a common open-air fitness practice across China, with most of the participants middle-aged or elderly women. Media reported the leader of one dancing team had to go to a hospital after she had an asthma attack on Dec 11. Identified only as Fang, 65, the dance team leader said she decided to suspend the practices after she learned her illness was caused by smog, and after several other members also fell ill, the report said. The city plans to invest 28 billion yuan ($4.61 billion) in air pollution control by 2017. The plan says the city will boost the development of clean energy vehicles for public transportation and remove all of the current 140,000 heavy-polluting vehicles from Wuhan's roads by the end of 2016. The city authorities will firstly develop _ in the future.
|
[
"green transportation",
"environmentally friendly energy",
"heavy vehicles",
"transport network"
] | 0A
|
Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, has issued smog warnings for three days since Monday because of serious air pollution. The lingering smog forced construction sites to stop work and primary and middle schools to suspend outdoor activities. From Monday through Wednesday, the city's air quality index reading remained high, with the highest reading at 323, with PM2.5, or particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns, as the main pollutant, according to the city's meteorological bureau. Any reading over 300 is considered "seriously polluted". The city experienced at least eight heavily polluted days in the first two weeks of December, with the air quality index reading reaching a high of 440, China News Service reported. Among those affected was a square dancing team in Jiang'an district, which had to stop daily practices after several members fell ill. Square dancing is a common open-air fitness practice across China, with most of the participants middle-aged or elderly women. Media reported the leader of one dancing team had to go to a hospital after she had an asthma attack on Dec 11. Identified only as Fang, 65, the dance team leader said she decided to suspend the practices after she learned her illness was caused by smog, and after several other members also fell ill, the report said. The city plans to invest 28 billion yuan ($4.61 billion) in air pollution control by 2017. The plan says the city will boost the development of clean energy vehicles for public transportation and remove all of the current 140,000 heavy-polluting vehicles from Wuhan's roads by the end of 2016. The city authorities will firstly develop _ in the future.
A. green transportation
B. environmentally friendly energy
C. heavy vehicles
D. transport network
|
A. green transportation
|
Retrieved:
, cancer, related illnesses, and even death. the risk of air pollution is determined by the pollutant's hazard and the amount of exposure that affects a person. for example, a child who plays outdoor sports will have a higher likelihood of outdoor air pollution exposure than an adult who tends to spend more time indoors, whether at work or elsewhere. environmental health officials work to detect individuals who are at higher risks of consuming air pollution, work to decrease their exposure, and detect risk factors present in communities. however, as shown in research by ernesto, sanchez - triana in the case of pakistan. after identifying the main sources of air pollution, such as mobile sources, such as heavy - duty vehicles and motorized 2 – 3 wheelers ; stationary sources, such as power plants and burning of waste ; and natural dust. the country implemented a clean air policy to reduce the road transport sector, which is responsible for 85 % of particulate matter of less than 2. 5 microns ( pm2. 5 ) total emissions and 72 % of particulate matter of less than 10 microns ( pm10 ) most successful policies were : improving fuel quality by reducing the sulfur content in diesel converting diesel minibuses and city delivery vans to compressed natural gas ( cng ) installing diesel oxidation catalysts ( docs ) on existing large buses and trucks converting existing two - stroke rickshaws to four - stroke cng engines introducing low - sulfur fuel oil ( 1 % sulfur ) to major users located in karachi = = = = indoor air quality = = = = household air pollution contributes to diseases that kill almost 4. 3 million people every year. indoor air pollution contributes to risk factors for diseases like heart disease, pulmonary disease, stroke, pneumonia, and other associated illnesses. for vulnerable populations, such as children and elderly populations, who spend large amounts of their time indoors or indoor air quality can be dangerous. burning fuels like coal or kerosene inside homes can cause dangerous chemicals to be released into the air. dampness and mold in houses can cause diseases, but few studies have been performed on mold in schools and workplaces. environmental tobacco smoke is considered to be a leading contributor to indoor air pollution since exposure to second and third - hand smoke is a common risk factor. tobacco smoke contains over 60 carcinogens, where 18 % are known human carcinogens. exposure to these chemicals can lead to exacerbation of asthma, the development of cardiovascular diseases and cardiopulmonary diseases, and an increase in the likelihood of cancer development.
Original Instruction:
Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, has issued smog warnings for three days since Monday because of serious air pollution. The lingering smog forced construction sites to stop work and primary and middle schools to suspend outdoor activities. From Monday through Wednesday, the city's air quality index reading remained high, with the highest reading at 323, with PM2.5, or particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns, as the main pollutant, according to the city's meteorological bureau. Any reading over 300 is considered "seriously polluted". The city experienced at least eight heavily polluted days in the first two weeks of December, with the air quality index reading reaching a high of 440, China News Service reported. Among those affected was a square dancing team in Jiang'an district, which had to stop daily practices after several members fell ill. Square dancing is a common open-air fitness practice across China, with most of the participants middle-aged or elderly women. Media reported the leader of one dancing team had to go to a hospital after she had an asthma attack on Dec 11. Identified only as Fang, 65, the dance team leader said she decided to suspend the practices after she learned her illness was caused by smog, and after several other members also fell ill, the report said. The city plans to invest 28 billion yuan ($4.61 billion) in air pollution control by 2017. The plan says the city will boost the development of clean energy vehicles for public transportation and remove all of the current 140,000 heavy-polluting vehicles from Wuhan's roads by the end of 2016. The city authorities will firstly develop _ in the future.
A. green transportation
B. environmentally friendly energy
C. heavy vehicles
D. transport network
|
||
Scientists are learning new things about Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth. For example, the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking. A new study found that summer ice loss in parts of Antarctica was at its highest level in 1,000 years. The study showed that Antarctic ice was melting mostly from below ice shelves, where the water is warmer than the ice. Eric Rignot is an earth system expert at the University of California, Irvine. He also works for the American space agency, NASA. There he serves as senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, also in California. He says ice melting from below is responsible for 55 percent of the shelf loss from 2003 to 2008. That is a much higher rate than scientists thought earlier. Professor Rignot and his team used satellite observations, radar and computer models to measure features above the ice to learn what was going on below. The measurements show differences from one area to the next around the continent. The major ice shelves are called Ross, Filchner and Ronne. They make up two-thirds of Antarctica's ice shelves. But they are responsible for only 15 percent of the melting ice. The professor says even small changes, like changes in ocean flow driven by wind, can make a huge difference in the melting of the ice shelf. Sixty percent of the Earth's fresh water is held in the huge Antarctic ice sheet. Professor Rignot says the study will help experts predict how the continent reacts to warmer ocean waters and helps to cause rising sea levels around the world. The study was published in the journal Science. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking",
"the coldest place on earth",
"the major Antarctica's ice shelves",
"the Atlantic Ocean are changing"
] | 0A
|
Scientists are learning new things about Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth. For example, the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking. A new study found that summer ice loss in parts of Antarctica was at its highest level in 1,000 years. The study showed that Antarctic ice was melting mostly from below ice shelves, where the water is warmer than the ice. Eric Rignot is an earth system expert at the University of California, Irvine. He also works for the American space agency, NASA. There he serves as senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, also in California. He says ice melting from below is responsible for 55 percent of the shelf loss from 2003 to 2008. That is a much higher rate than scientists thought earlier. Professor Rignot and his team used satellite observations, radar and computer models to measure features above the ice to learn what was going on below. The measurements show differences from one area to the next around the continent. The major ice shelves are called Ross, Filchner and Ronne. They make up two-thirds of Antarctica's ice shelves. But they are responsible for only 15 percent of the melting ice. The professor says even small changes, like changes in ocean flow driven by wind, can make a huge difference in the melting of the ice shelf. Sixty percent of the Earth's fresh water is held in the huge Antarctic ice sheet. Professor Rignot says the study will help experts predict how the continent reacts to warmer ocean waters and helps to cause rising sea levels around the world. The study was published in the journal Science. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking
B. the coldest place on earth
C. the major Antarctica's ice shelves
D. the Atlantic Ocean are changing
|
A. the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking
|
Retrieved:
grace and grace - fo and icesat ) indicated annual mass loss of only about 12 gt from 2012 to 2016. this was due to greater ice gain in east antarctica than estimated earlier. in the future, it is known that west antarctica at least will continue to lose mass, and the likely future losses of sea ice and ice shelves, which block warmer currents from direct contact with the ice sheet, can accelerate declines even in east antarctica. altogether, antarctica is the source of the largest uncertainty for future sea level projections. in 2019, the srocc assessed several studies attempting to estimate 2300 sea level rise caused by ice loss in antarctica alone, arriving at projected estimates of 0. 07 – 0. 37 metres ( 0. 23 – 1. 21 ft ) for the low emission rcp2. 6 scenario, and 0. 60 – 2. 89 metres ( 2. 0 – 9. 5 ft ) in the high emission rcp8. 5 scenario. : 1272 this wide range of estimates is mainly due to the uncertainties regarding marine ice sheet and marine ice cliff instabilities. = = = = east antarctica = = = = the world's largest potential source of sea level rise is the east antarctic ice sheet ( eais ). it is 2. 2 km thick on average and holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 53. 3 m ( 174 ft 10 in ) its great thickness and high elevation make it more stable than the other ice sheets. as of the early 2020s, most studies show that it is still gaining mass. some analyses have suggested it began to lose mass in the 2000s. however they over - extrapolated some observed losses on to the poorly observed areas. a more complete observational record shows continued mass gain. in spite of the net mass gain, some east antarctica glaciers have lost ice in recent decades due to ocean warming and declining structural support from the local sea ice, such as denman glacier, and totten glacier. totten glacier is particularly important because it stabilizes the aurora subglacial basin. subglacial basins like aurora and wilkes basin are major ice reservoirs together holding as much ice as all of west antarctica. they are more vulnerable than the rest of east antarctica. their collective tipping point probably lies at around 3 °c ( 5. 4 °f ) of global warming. it may be as high as 6 °c ( 11 °f ) or as low as 2 °c ( 3. 6 °f ). once this tipping point is crossed, the collapse of these subglac
Original Instruction:
Scientists are learning new things about Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth. For example, the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking. A new study found that summer ice loss in parts of Antarctica was at its highest level in 1,000 years. The study showed that Antarctic ice was melting mostly from below ice shelves, where the water is warmer than the ice. Eric Rignot is an earth system expert at the University of California, Irvine. He also works for the American space agency, NASA. There he serves as senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, also in California. He says ice melting from below is responsible for 55 percent of the shelf loss from 2003 to 2008. That is a much higher rate than scientists thought earlier. Professor Rignot and his team used satellite observations, radar and computer models to measure features above the ice to learn what was going on below. The measurements show differences from one area to the next around the continent. The major ice shelves are called Ross, Filchner and Ronne. They make up two-thirds of Antarctica's ice shelves. But they are responsible for only 15 percent of the melting ice. The professor says even small changes, like changes in ocean flow driven by wind, can make a huge difference in the melting of the ice shelf. Sixty percent of the Earth's fresh water is held in the huge Antarctic ice sheet. Professor Rignot says the study will help experts predict how the continent reacts to warmer ocean waters and helps to cause rising sea levels around the world. The study was published in the journal Science. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking
B. the coldest place on earth
C. the major Antarctica's ice shelves
D. the Atlantic Ocean are changing
|
||
A while ago, when I was a young 25- year-old, I traveled across the United States on a journey to make a film. During this trip, I ended up in Seattle where I met Laddie McCrea. Laddie was a hobo . He was about 60-70 years old and looked 100. Laddie had shoulder length white hair covered with weeds from the previous night's bedding. His clothes were a living journal of evenings in the shrubs and days in the sun. Laddie stank of alcohol and garbage. www.ks5u.com When I first met Laddie, he was standing on a busy downtown Seattle sidewalk. He greeted every passer-by with a smile, a pleasant greeting and an extended palm. Each day, society was rushing past Laddie - either unaware of his existence or avoiding him - a smelly, begging bum. I found Laddie to be an excellent character for my movie, so I paid him to allow me to stand in the background and film him. I spent three days hidden among the crowd, filming Laddie. Most of the time he was unaware of my existence. Each day he stood in a busy section of town greeting the world with a smile and an extended palm - just earning enough change for the evening's night cap . One special day, as I watched from a bench off in the distance, a young girl, around 6 or 7, with a pretty dress and her hair in a ponytail, approached Laddie from behind and tugged on his shirt. Laddie turned to the girl, who then reached up and handed him something. At that, Laddie showed his happiness and reached in his pocket, gave her something and the girl ran back to her parents excitedly showing them what she had received. I was so curious about the exchange that I was dying to go immediately to Laddie and ask him what took place, but in order to get candid shots, I knew I couldn't make my presence known. Later that afternoon when I finished my shoot, I spent some time with Laddie and asked about the event. Laddie replied: "The little girl came to me and gave me a quarter, so I gave her two quarters in return because I wanted to show her that when you are charitable, you will receive more than you give." Which of the following is TRUE about Laddie according to the article?
|
[
"He had a habit of writing in journals.",
"He was an old man who was fond of drinking and smoking.",
"He enjoyed his life because he earned quite a lot from begging.",
"He smiled to passers-by even though most of them ignored him."
] | 3D
|
A while ago, when I was a young 25- year-old, I traveled across the United States on a journey to make a film. During this trip, I ended up in Seattle where I met Laddie McCrea. Laddie was a hobo . He was about 60-70 years old and looked 100. Laddie had shoulder length white hair covered with weeds from the previous night's bedding. His clothes were a living journal of evenings in the shrubs and days in the sun. Laddie stank of alcohol and garbage. www.ks5u.com When I first met Laddie, he was standing on a busy downtown Seattle sidewalk. He greeted every passer-by with a smile, a pleasant greeting and an extended palm. Each day, society was rushing past Laddie - either unaware of his existence or avoiding him - a smelly, begging bum. I found Laddie to be an excellent character for my movie, so I paid him to allow me to stand in the background and film him. I spent three days hidden among the crowd, filming Laddie. Most of the time he was unaware of my existence. Each day he stood in a busy section of town greeting the world with a smile and an extended palm - just earning enough change for the evening's night cap . One special day, as I watched from a bench off in the distance, a young girl, around 6 or 7, with a pretty dress and her hair in a ponytail, approached Laddie from behind and tugged on his shirt. Laddie turned to the girl, who then reached up and handed him something. At that, Laddie showed his happiness and reached in his pocket, gave her something and the girl ran back to her parents excitedly showing them what she had received. I was so curious about the exchange that I was dying to go immediately to Laddie and ask him what took place, but in order to get candid shots, I knew I couldn't make my presence known. Later that afternoon when I finished my shoot, I spent some time with Laddie and asked about the event. Laddie replied: "The little girl came to me and gave me a quarter, so I gave her two quarters in return because I wanted to show her that when you are charitable, you will receive more than you give." Which of the following is TRUE about Laddie according to the article?
A. He had a habit of writing in journals.
B. He was an old man who was fond of drinking and smoking.
C. He enjoyed his life because he earned quite a lot from begging.
D. He smiled to passers-by even though most of them ignored him.
|
D. He smiled to passers-by even though most of them ignored him.
|
Retrieved:
martinez, wilton. 1992. “ who constructs anthropological knowledge? toward a theory of ethnographic film spectatorship. ” in film as ethnography, d. turton and p. crawford, ( eds. ), pp. 130 – 161. manchester : manchester university press. mead, margaret : anthropology and the camera. in : morgan, willard d. ( hg. ) : encyclopedia of photography. new york 1963. morton, chris and elizabeth edwards ( eds. ) 2009. photography, anthropology and history : expanding the frame. farnham : ashgate publishing peers, laura. 2003. museums and source communities : a routledge reader, routledge pink, sarah : doing visual ethnography : images, media and representation in research. london : sage publications ltd. 2006. isbn 978 - 1 - 4129 - 2348 - 4 pinney, christopher : photography and anthropology. london : reaktion books 2011. isbn 978 - 1 - 86189 - 804 - 3 prins, harald e. l. " visual anthropology. " pp. 506 – 525. in a companion to the anthropology of american indians. ed. t. biolsi. oxford : blackwell publishing, 2004. prins, harald e. l., and ruby, jay eds. " the origins of visual anthropology. " visual anthropology review. vol. 17 ( 2 ), 2001 – 2002. ruby, jay. picturing culture : essays on film and anthropology. chicago : university of chicago press, 2000, isbn 978 - 0 - 226 - 73099 - 8. worth, sol, adair john. " through navajo eyes ". indiana university press ; 1972. = = further reading = = bassnet, sarah and sarah parsons. photography in canada, 1839 - 1989 : an illustrated history. 2023, art canada institute : toronto. visual anthropology - encyclopedia of cultural anthropology, article by jay ruby visual anthropology in the digital mirror : computer - assisted visual anthropology, article by michael d. fischer and david zeitlyn, then both university of kent at canterbury legends asch and myerhoff inspire a new generation of visual anthropologists - article by susan andrews [ 2 ] pink, sarah. " doing visual ethnography : images, media, and representation ". sage, london, 2012 banks, marcus and ruby, jay. " made to be seen : perspectives on the history of visual anthropology. university of chicago press, 2011 = = external links = = organizations european association of social anthropologists visual anthropology network sva society
Original Instruction:
A while ago, when I was a young 25- year-old, I traveled across the United States on a journey to make a film. During this trip, I ended up in Seattle where I met Laddie McCrea. Laddie was a hobo . He was about 60-70 years old and looked 100. Laddie had shoulder length white hair covered with weeds from the previous night's bedding. His clothes were a living journal of evenings in the shrubs and days in the sun. Laddie stank of alcohol and garbage. www.ks5u.com When I first met Laddie, he was standing on a busy downtown Seattle sidewalk. He greeted every passer-by with a smile, a pleasant greeting and an extended palm. Each day, society was rushing past Laddie - either unaware of his existence or avoiding him - a smelly, begging bum. I found Laddie to be an excellent character for my movie, so I paid him to allow me to stand in the background and film him. I spent three days hidden among the crowd, filming Laddie. Most of the time he was unaware of my existence. Each day he stood in a busy section of town greeting the world with a smile and an extended palm - just earning enough change for the evening's night cap . One special day, as I watched from a bench off in the distance, a young girl, around 6 or 7, with a pretty dress and her hair in a ponytail, approached Laddie from behind and tugged on his shirt. Laddie turned to the girl, who then reached up and handed him something. At that, Laddie showed his happiness and reached in his pocket, gave her something and the girl ran back to her parents excitedly showing them what she had received. I was so curious about the exchange that I was dying to go immediately to Laddie and ask him what took place, but in order to get candid shots, I knew I couldn't make my presence known. Later that afternoon when I finished my shoot, I spent some time with Laddie and asked about the event. Laddie replied: "The little girl came to me and gave me a quarter, so I gave her two quarters in return because I wanted to show her that when you are charitable, you will receive more than you give." Which of the following is TRUE about Laddie according to the article?
A. He had a habit of writing in journals.
B. He was an old man who was fond of drinking and smoking.
C. He enjoyed his life because he earned quite a lot from begging.
D. He smiled to passers-by even though most of them ignored him.
|
||
We all waste food, you and me, every day, millions of tons of it.In China, enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people.And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is increasing fast.So our nation is being encouraged to stop wasting food. So what should Chinese consumers do to prevent food waste? Keep a kitchen diary All of us should keep a kitchen diary, and we can know that how much food we waste at home.The first thing for us to do is to stop throwing away food that we can still eat.We should eat everything we buy and if we cannot, we should buy less. Buy only what we need We should ask for smaller portions in stores.We should also check how much food we have before buying more.We shouldn't bring much food we don't need home even if large posters ask us to do so. Develop the habit of packing food Chinese consumers are generous and friendly.In restaurants, often too much food is ordered and served.So when ordering out, we are supposed to exclude the food in the order if we don't plan to eat it.And order smaller servings in restaurants and take home what we cannot finish. Don't put it off! Let's stop food waste today! As teenagers, what should we do to stop food waste?
|
[
"Have a balanced diet.",
"Eat less food to keep fit.",
"Keep the balance of nature.",
"Have a good habit of clearing the plate."
] | 3D
|
We all waste food, you and me, every day, millions of tons of it.In China, enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people.And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is increasing fast.So our nation is being encouraged to stop wasting food. So what should Chinese consumers do to prevent food waste? Keep a kitchen diary All of us should keep a kitchen diary, and we can know that how much food we waste at home.The first thing for us to do is to stop throwing away food that we can still eat.We should eat everything we buy and if we cannot, we should buy less. Buy only what we need We should ask for smaller portions in stores.We should also check how much food we have before buying more.We shouldn't bring much food we don't need home even if large posters ask us to do so. Develop the habit of packing food Chinese consumers are generous and friendly.In restaurants, often too much food is ordered and served.So when ordering out, we are supposed to exclude the food in the order if we don't plan to eat it.And order smaller servings in restaurants and take home what we cannot finish. Don't put it off! Let's stop food waste today! As teenagers, what should we do to stop food waste?
A. Have a balanced diet.
B. Eat less food to keep fit.
C. Keep the balance of nature.
D. Have a good habit of clearing the plate.
|
D. Have a good habit of clearing the plate.
|
Retrieved:
is used for produced but uneaten food. the global blue water footprint of food waste is 250 km3, the amount of water that flows annually through the volga or three times lake geneva. there are several factors that explain how food waste has increased globally in food systems. the main factor is population, because as population increases more food is being made, but most food produced goes to waste. especially, during covid - 19, food waste grew sharply due to the booming of food delivery services according to a 2022 study. in addition, not all countries have the same resources to provide the best quality of food. according to a study done in 2010, private households produce the largest amounts of food waste across the globe. another major factor is overproduction ; the rate of food production is significantly higher than the rate of consumption, leading to a surplus of food waste. throughout the world there are different ways that food is being processed. with different priorities, different choices are being made to meet their most important needs. money is another big factor that determines how long the process will take and who is working, and it is treated differently in low income countries'food systems. however, high income countries food systems still may deal with other issues such as food security. this demonstrates how all food systems have their weaknesses and strengths. climate change causes food waste to increase because the warm temperature causes crops to dry faster and creates a higher risk for fires. food waste can occur any time throughout production. according to the world wildlife organization, since most food produced goes to landfills, when it rots it causes methane to be produced. the disposal of food has a big impact on our environment and health. = = academic opportunities = = the study of sustainable food applies systems theory and methods of sustainable design towards food systems. as an interdisciplinary field, the study of sustainable food systems has been growing in the last several decades. university programs focused on sustainable food systems include : university of colorado boulder harvard extension university of delaware mesa community college university of california, davis university of vermont sterling college ( vermont ) university of michigan portland state university university of sheffield's institute for sustainable food university of georgia's sustainable food systems initiative the culinary institute of america's master's in sustainable food systems university of edinburgh's global academy of agriculture and food systems there is a debate about " establishing a body akin to the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( ipcc ) for food systems " which " would respond to questions from policymakers and produce advice based on a synthesis of the
Original Instruction:
We all waste food, you and me, every day, millions of tons of it.In China, enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people.And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is increasing fast.So our nation is being encouraged to stop wasting food. So what should Chinese consumers do to prevent food waste? Keep a kitchen diary All of us should keep a kitchen diary, and we can know that how much food we waste at home.The first thing for us to do is to stop throwing away food that we can still eat.We should eat everything we buy and if we cannot, we should buy less. Buy only what we need We should ask for smaller portions in stores.We should also check how much food we have before buying more.We shouldn't bring much food we don't need home even if large posters ask us to do so. Develop the habit of packing food Chinese consumers are generous and friendly.In restaurants, often too much food is ordered and served.So when ordering out, we are supposed to exclude the food in the order if we don't plan to eat it.And order smaller servings in restaurants and take home what we cannot finish. Don't put it off! Let's stop food waste today! As teenagers, what should we do to stop food waste?
A. Have a balanced diet.
B. Eat less food to keep fit.
C. Keep the balance of nature.
D. Have a good habit of clearing the plate.
|
||
Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to preschool children. But a new study tells that calling attention to the words and letters on the book may lead to better readers. The two-year study compared children who were read to this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the words showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. Shayne Piasta, a professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, says most preschool teachers would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed words. Ms. Piasta says if you get children to pay attention to letters and words, _ that they will do better at word spelling. But she says studies show that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic way. They watched more than three hundred children aged four and five in classrooms in Ohio and Virginia. The children came from poor families and were poor in their language skills. They may become bad readers when they enter primary schools later. Professor Justice says children's language skills can be improved by discussing with him or her when you are reading a book to a child. There are different ways that adults can talk to children about the letters and words on the page. They can point to a word and discuss the shape of it with a finger. They can point out a word: "This is 'dog'." They can discuss the meaning of the word or how the words tell the story. And they can also show how words are written left to right in English. The writer wants to tell us that _ .
|
[
"preschool children should have higher discussing skills",
"parents should make a plan to teach their children reading",
"teachers should help children pay attention to printed words",
"languages skills should be discussed with preschool children"
] | 2C
|
Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to preschool children. But a new study tells that calling attention to the words and letters on the book may lead to better readers. The two-year study compared children who were read to this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the words showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. Shayne Piasta, a professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, says most preschool teachers would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed words. Ms. Piasta says if you get children to pay attention to letters and words, _ that they will do better at word spelling. But she says studies show that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic way. They watched more than three hundred children aged four and five in classrooms in Ohio and Virginia. The children came from poor families and were poor in their language skills. They may become bad readers when they enter primary schools later. Professor Justice says children's language skills can be improved by discussing with him or her when you are reading a book to a child. There are different ways that adults can talk to children about the letters and words on the page. They can point to a word and discuss the shape of it with a finger. They can point out a word: "This is 'dog'." They can discuss the meaning of the word or how the words tell the story. And they can also show how words are written left to right in English. The writer wants to tell us that _ .
A. preschool children should have higher discussing skills
B. parents should make a plan to teach their children reading
C. teachers should help children pay attention to printed words
D. languages skills should be discussed with preschool children
|
C. teachers should help children pay attention to printed words
|
Retrieved:
only by infants and toddlers, but by preschool children and adults as well. this principle is very useful for word learning in conversational settings, as words tend not to be explained explicitly in conversation, but may be referred to frequently throughout the span of a conversation. reading is considered to be a key element of vocabulary development in school - age children. before children are able to read on their own, children can learn from others reading to them. learning vocabulary from these experiences includes using context, as well as explicit explanations of words and / or events in the story. this may be done using illustrations in the book to guide explanation and provide a visual reference or comparisons, usually to prior knowledge and past experiences. interactions between the adult and the child often include the child's repetition of the new word back to the adult. when a child begins to learn to read, their print vocabulary and oral vocabulary tend to be the same, as children use their vocabulary knowledge to match verbal forms of words with written forms. these two forms of vocabulary are usually equal up until grade 3. because written language is much more diverse than spoken language, print vocabulary begins to expand beyond oral vocabulary. by age 10, children's vocabulary development through reading moves away from learning concrete words to learning abstract words. generally, both conversation and reading involve at least one of the four principles of context that are used in word learning and vocabulary development : physical context, prior knowledge, social context and semantic support. = = = = physical context = = = = physical context involves the presence of an object or action that is also the topic of conversation. with the use of physical context, the child is exposed to both the words and a visual reference of the word. this is frequently used with infants and toddlers, but can be very beneficial for school - age children, especially when learning rare or infrequently used words. physical context may include props such as in toy play. when engaging in play with an adult, a child's vocabulary is developed through discussion of the toys, such as naming the object ( e. g. " dinosaur " ) or labeling it with the use of a rare word ( e. g., stegosaurus ). these sorts of interactions expose the child to words they may not otherwise encounter in day - to - day conversation. = = = = prior knowledge = = = = past experiences or general knowledge is often called upon in conversation, so it is a useful context for children to learn words. recalling past experiences allows the child to call upon their
Original Instruction:
Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to preschool children. But a new study tells that calling attention to the words and letters on the book may lead to better readers. The two-year study compared children who were read to this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the words showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. Shayne Piasta, a professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, says most preschool teachers would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed words. Ms. Piasta says if you get children to pay attention to letters and words, _ that they will do better at word spelling. But she says studies show that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic way. They watched more than three hundred children aged four and five in classrooms in Ohio and Virginia. The children came from poor families and were poor in their language skills. They may become bad readers when they enter primary schools later. Professor Justice says children's language skills can be improved by discussing with him or her when you are reading a book to a child. There are different ways that adults can talk to children about the letters and words on the page. They can point to a word and discuss the shape of it with a finger. They can point out a word: "This is 'dog'." They can discuss the meaning of the word or how the words tell the story. And they can also show how words are written left to right in English. The writer wants to tell us that _ .
A. preschool children should have higher discussing skills
B. parents should make a plan to teach their children reading
C. teachers should help children pay attention to printed words
D. languages skills should be discussed with preschool children
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.