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+ ---
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+ license: cc-by-sa-4.0
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+ task_categories:
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+ - image-classification
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+ - image-feature-extraction
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+ - tabular-classification
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+ - feature-extraction
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+ language:
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+ - ar
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+ - en
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+ pretty_name: 'HDL: Hand-drawn Digital Logic Gates Dataset'
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+ ---
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+
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+ πŸ“Œ Dataset Summary
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+
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+ HDL (Hand-drawn Digital Logic Gates) is the first balanced image and tabular dataset dedicated to the classification of hand-drawn digital logic gates. The dataset is designed primarily for machine learning education, computer vision research, and AI-assisted electronics applications.
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+
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+ HDL contains 1,200 hand-drawn images covering the 8 fundamental digital logic gates (AND, OR, NOT (INVERTER), BUFFER, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR), with 150 images per class, ensuring perfect class balance.
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+
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+ 🧠 Motivation
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+
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+ Most existing handwritten or hand-drawn datasets focus on:
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+
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+ * Digits (e.g., MNIST)
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+ * Characters and scripts
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+
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+ However, no publicly available balanced dataset existed for hand-drawn digital logic gates, despite their importance in:
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+
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+ * Digital electronics education
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+ * Circuit analysis
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+ * AI-assisted schematic interpretation
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+
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+ HDL was created to fill this gap and to support:
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+
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+ * Teaching Machine Learning to engineering students
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+ * No-code ML experimentation
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+ * Benchmarking shallow and deep learning models
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+
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+ πŸ“‚ Images Dataset Structure
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+
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+ ```
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+ HDL/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ AND/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ OR/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ NOT/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ BUFFER/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ NAND/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ NOR/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ XOR/
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+ └── XNOR/
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+ ```
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+
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+ * Image format: `.jpg` / `.jpeg`
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+ * Image source: Hand-drawn on paper and photographed or scanned
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+ * Contributors: Umm Al-Qura University students + logic gates drawn using Logisim-evolution
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+
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+ πŸ“Š Benchmark Results
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+
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+ The dataset has been extensively benchmarked using both no-code tools and deep learning models.
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+
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+ πŸ”Ή Best Result
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+
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+ * Model: EfficientNet with data augmentation
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+ * Platform: Liner.ai
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+ * Accuracy: 92.5%
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+ * F1-score: 92.5%
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+
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+
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+ πŸ”Ή Feature Extraction (Image Embedding) (Tabular Dataset)
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+
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+ Image embeddings were generated using:
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+
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+ * SqueezeNet
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+ * Inception v3
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+ * Google ViT
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+ * Facebook DINOv2
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+ * Nvidia MambaVision
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+
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+ Top-performing classifiers:
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+
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+ * Logistic Regression
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+ * Neural Networks
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+
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+ πŸ§ͺ Typical Use Cases
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+
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+ HDL is suitable for:
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+
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+ πŸŽ“ Machine Learning Education
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+ 🧠 TinyML & Edge AI
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+ ✍️ OCR-like systems for circuit digitization
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+ 🧩 Logic gate classification
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+ πŸ–ΌοΈ Image embedding & feature extraction experiments
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+ πŸ› οΈ No-code ML platforms (Orange Data Mining, Liner.ai)
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+
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+ πŸ“„ Research Paper: To be published soon.
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+ Please cite the dataset if used in academic work.