Question: Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?

Choices:
A. heat
B. chemical
C. solar
D. electrical


Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?

Choices:
A. gradual climate change
B. gradual ecosystem succession
C. continued climate stability
D. sudden global climate change

local Hugging Face dataset card: ai2_arc/README.md


Question: Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?

Choices:
A. The relationship is predatory.
B. The relationship is cooperative.
C. The relationship is competitive.
D. The relationship is parasitic.


Question: Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?

Choices:
A. heat
B. water
C. shade
D. sand


Question: A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as

Choices:
A. becoming smaller over time.
B. being less than two billion years old.
C. containing approximately ten planets.
D. consisting of billions of galaxies.


Question: Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?

Choices:
A. balance
B. graduated cylinder
C. thermometer
D. hand lens


Question: The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?

Choices:
A. the block with the greatest specific heat
B. the block with the lowest surface area
C. the block with the greatest density
D. the block with the lowest thermal conductivity

the block with the greatest specific heat


Question: On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it

Choices:
A. has a larger body.
B. has a tougher scaly skin.
C. swims faster.
D. has a different food source.


Question: Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?

Choices:
A. Coal
B. Electricity
C. Wind
D. Sunlight


Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?

Choices:
A. area
B. weight
C. mass
D. volume


Question: A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?

Choices:
A. insulation
B. convection
C. radiation
D. conduction


Question: During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to

Choices:
A. filter out waste products.
B. produce red blood cells.
C. maintain blood pressure.
D. remove carbon dioxide.


Question: How does flipping a switch turn on a light?

Choices:
A. It breaks an electrical circuit.
B. It completes an electrical circuit.
C. It generates electricity.
D. It creates a spark.


Question: A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?

Choices:
A. guidance
B. suspension
C. propulsion
D. control


Question: The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to

Choices:
A. help the plant to get moisture.
B. anchor the plant in the ground.
C. support the stems and branches.
D. protect the plant from harm.


Question: Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?

Choices:
A. Sunlight
B. Grass
C. Oxygen
D. Aluminum


Question: Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?

Choices:
A. Ocean trenches
B. Continental shelves
C. Continental slopes
D. Abyssal plains


Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?

Choices:
A. digestive
B. nervous
C. circulatory
D. integumentary


Question: Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they

Choices:
A. return nutrients to the soil.
B. recycle oxygen to the air.
C. cause disease in living organisms.
D. reduce soil erosion.


Question: The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?

Choices:
A. falling water
B. dissolving rock
C. plant growth
D. beach erosion


Question: Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?

Choices:
A. the appearance of the Northern Lights
B. a decrease in air temperature
C. an decrease in atmospheric ozone
D. the appearance of shooting stars


Question: A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is

Choices:
A. being able to conserve energy.
B. longer life spans.
C. greater genetic diversity.
D. having large numbers of offspring.


Question: A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to

Choices:
A. hot water reacting with the metal pan.
B. water molecules moving apart.
C. cold air penetrating the hot water.
D. heat from the water moving into the cooler air.

heat from the water moving into the cooler air.


Question: James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?

Choices:
A. The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste.
B. The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.
C. The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.
D. The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.

The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.


Question: Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?

Choices:
A. a steel shoe
B. a long mane
C. a bruised leg
D. a missing tooth


Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished

Choices:
A. metals
B. compounds
C. nonmetals
D. elements


Question: Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?

Choices:
A. glass
B. metal
C. air
D. water


Question: A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a

Choices:
A. solvent.
B. solute.
C. solution.
D. suspension.


Question: Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?

Choices:
A. Many variables affect global temperatures.
B. Many human activities produce these gases.
C. Global temperatures are rising.
D. Trees absorb these gases.

Many variables affect global temperatures.


Question: How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?

Choices:
A. by taking medication daily
B. by wearing clean clothing daily
C. by preventing transmission between people
D. by performing dental hygiene three times each day

by preventing transmission between people


Question: Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?

Choices:
A. distance and mass
B. volume and mass
C. area and weight
D. weight and time


Question: Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?

Choices:
A. balance
B. thermometer
C. graduated cylinder
D. meter stick


Question: Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?

Choices:
A. Gas
B. Natural
C. Solid
D. Liquid


Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?

Choices:
A. Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.
B. Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.
C. Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.
D. Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.

Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.


Question: Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?

Choices:
A. computer
B. observations
C. calculator
D. graphs


Question: Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?

Choices:
A. organelle
B. cell
C. organ
D. nucleus


Question: Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?

Choices:
A. gypsum
B. sulfur
C. quartz
D. halite


Question: A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by

Choices:
A. friction
B. light
C. gravity
D. magnetism


Question: When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of

Choices:
A. migrating
B. nest building
C. hibernating
D. hunting


Question: Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?

Choices:
A. being more active at night
B. waiting to be fed at the aquarium door
C. catching food using its arms
D. hiding behind rocks


Question: The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish

Choices:
A. move
B. see
C. reproduce
D. breathe


Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?

Choices:
A. the gases that compose the star
B. the distance from the Sun
C. the distance from Earth
D. the surface temperature


Question: What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?

Choices:
A. gravity
B. friction
C. magnetism
D. air resistance


Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are

Choices:
A. elements
B. magnetic
C. soluble in water
D. compounds


Question: Which animal is an example of an annelid?

Choices:
A. an earthworm
B. a sea star
C. an anteater
D. a honey bee


Question: What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?

Choices:
A. The information on the strand changes.
B. The organism thrives.
C. The mass of the strand changes.
D. The organism dies.


Question: The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?

Choices:
A. normal faulting
B. igneous intrusions
C. seafloor spreading
D. convection currents


Question: Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?

Choices:
A. glass slides, dye, and a light microscope
B. scissors, forceps, and a scalpel
C. petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner
D. pen, paper, and a computer


Question: Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?

Choices:
A. a planet
B. a constellation
C. a star
D. a meteor


Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?

Choices:
A. small population
B. similar physical features
C. genetic diversity
D. low mutation rate


Question: An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called

Choices:
A. an open circuit.
B. a filament.
C. a battery.
D. a closed circuit.


Question: In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?

Choices:
A. trenches
B. island arcs
C. mid-ocean ridges
D. volcanoes


Question: Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?

Choices:
A. thermometer and balance
B. hot plate and stopwatch
C. hot plate and thermometer
D. balance and graduated cylinder


Question: A substance that carries sound waves is called

Choices:
A. a medium.
B. a spectrum.
C. an equilibrium.
D. a fulcrum.


Question: Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?

Choices:
A. gravity
B. friction
C. electricity
D. magnetism


Question: The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?

Choices:
A. changes in the environment
B. diseases causing illness
C. predator animals
D. changes in the weather


Question: Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?

Choices:
A. It helps the birds find the flock when migrating.
B. It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.
C. It helps male birds find a mate.
D. It helps the birds find food more easily.

It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.


Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?

Choices:
A. sand
B. wood chips
C. iron filings
D. sugar


Question: Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?

Choices:
A. the formation of bubbles
B. the disappearance of atoms
C. a reduction in total mass
D. an increase in the number of atoms


Question: The loudness of sound can be changed by

Choices:
A. decreasing the pitch.
B. increasing the frequency.
C. increasing the amplitude.
D. decreasing the wavelength.


Question: A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?

Choices:
A. Return the mineral to its box.
B. Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.
C. Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.
D. Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.

Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.


Question: At what temperature does water begin to boil?

Choices:
A. 0°C
B. 100°C
C. 32°C
D. 212°C


Question: Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?

Choices:
A. It was converted to magnetic energy.
B. It was converted to thermal energy.
C. It was lost as potential energy.
D. It was lost as chemical energy.


Question: What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?

Choices:
A. solar heating
B. lunar tidal forces
C. geothermal heating
D. planetary rotation


Question: Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?

Choices:
A. The winds start to spin clockwise.
B. The sea level rises on the coast.
C. A high pressure area develops.
D. The supply of warm, moist air decreases.

The supply of warm, moist air decreases.


Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?

Choices:
A. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.
B. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.
C. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.
D. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.

Genes control inherited traits in organisms.


Question: The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as

Choices:
A. luster.
B. hardness.
C. streak.
D. cleavage.


Question: Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?

Choices:
A. the deserts
B. the South Pole
C. the Western Hemisphere
D. the equator


Question: All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Choices:
A. aerobic respiration
B. protein production
C. sexual reproduction
D. nitrogen fixation


Question: Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?

Choices:
A. fall
B. spring
C. summer
D. winter


Question: What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?

Choices:
A. Chemical energy changes to heat energy.
B. Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.
C. Chemical energy changes to light energy.
D. Electrical energy changes to light energy.

Electrical energy changes to light energy.


Question: When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?

Choices:
A. light energy
B. mechanical energy
C. sound energy
D. heat energy


Question: Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?

Choices:
A. the length of its spines
B. the type of organism that pollinates its flowers
C. the number of organisms that consume its fruit
D. the amount of water it absorbs


Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?

Choices:
A. The particles begin to move with a greater force.
B. The particles begin to move in a straight line.
C. The motion of the particles becomes more random.
D. The speed of the particles decreases.


Question: Which of the following will absorb heat energy?

Choices:
A. a piece of wood burning
B. steel wool rusting
C. two sticks being rubbed together
D. ice cubes melting


Question: Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?

Choices:
A. exercising once a month
B. sleeping three hours each night
C. watching television five hours a day
D. eating fruits and vegetables each day


Question: Which of these includes Earth?

Choices:
A. the Andromeda Galaxy
B. the Eagle Nebula
C. the asteroid belt
D. the solar system


Question: The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?

Choices:
A. negative numbers
B. independent variables
C. element symbols
D. dependent variables


Question: Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?

Choices:
A. blinking
B. crying
C. breathing
D. swimming


Question: Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?

Choices:
A. changing the texture of the two magnets
B. increasing the size of the two magnets
C. changing the color of the two magnets
D. increasing the distance between the two magnets

increasing the distance between the two magnets


Question: What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?

Choices:
A. tides
B. changes in the weather
C. night and day
D. four seasons


Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of

Choices:
A. protons.
B. electrons.
C. neutrons.
D. orbitals.


Question: A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?

Choices:
A. The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.
B. The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.
C. Both the parasite and the host are harmed.
D. Both the parasite and the host benefit.

The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.


Question: Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?

Choices:
A. pellicle
B. cytoplasm
C. cell wall
D. cytoskeleton


Question: The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?

Choices:
A. cell, tissue, organ, organ system
B. organ, cell, organ system, tissue
C. organ system, tissue, organ, cell
D. tissue, cell, organ, organ system


Question: Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?

Choices:
A. lab apron and goggles
B. sunglasses and thermal gloves
C. thermal gloves and goggles
D. rubber shoes and sunglasses


Question: Recycling is important to the environment because it

Choices:
A. produces more carbon dioxide for plants.
B. is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.
C. is a good way to earn money.
D. decreases the amount of natural resources.

is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.


Question: Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?

Choices:
A. the distance between Earth and the Sun
B. the tilt of Earth
C. the rotation of Earth
D. the amount of rays produced by the Sun


Question: Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?

Choices:
A. melting
B. compacting
C. condensing
D. evaporating


Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of

Choices:
A. transpiration.
B. precipitation.
C. evaporation.
D. condensation.


Question: Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?

Choices:
A. the formation of new proteins for the cell
B. the removal of waste products from the cell
C. the production of sugar
D. the release of energy


Question: A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need

Choices:
A. air to breathe
B. sound to communicate
C. space to move
D. sunlight to grow


Question: If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?

Choices:
A. They are different substances.
B. They have the same densities.
C. They are different mixtures.
D. They have the same weight.


Question: When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?

Choices:
A. It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.
B. It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.
C. It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.
D. It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.

It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.


Question: In which of the following organs is an acid produced?

Choices:
A. stomach
B. large intestine
C. esophagus
D. small intestine


Question: It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?

Choices:
A. the beginning speed and the direction he ran
B. the beginning velocity and the ending velocity
C. the direction he ran and the average speed
D. the distance he ran and the average velocity

the beginning velocity and the ending velocity


Question: What are two of Earth's natural resources?

Choices:
A. forests and nuclear power plants
B. nuclear power plants and batteries
C. batteries and waterfalls
D. forests and waterfalls


Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?

Choices:
A. number of cloudy days
B. air temperature
C. amount of precipitation
D. wind speed


Question: Volume and mass are properties of

Choices:
A. friction
B. matter
C. light
D. sound


Question: Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?

Choices:
A. Water, rust, and salt are compounds.
B. Water, rust, and salt are elements.
C. Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.
D. Water, rust, and salt are atoms.


Question: Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?

Choices:
A. astronomy
B. electrical engineering
C. geology
D. agricultural research


Question: The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was

Choices:
A. Charles Darwin.
B. Alfred Wegener.
C. Albert Einstein.
D. Niels Bohr.


Question: The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?

Choices:
A. genes
B. organs
C. cells
D. organelles


Question: A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should

Choices:
A. fold the paper the same way.
B. buy the same color of paper.
C. use the same size of paper.
D. decorate the paper the same way.


Question: The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. "The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they

Choices:
A. make winter camping easy.
B. are lightweight.
C. have insulation.
D. cost less than other sleeping bags.


Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?

Choices:
A. one month
B. one day
C. one year
D. one week


Question: Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?

Choices:
A. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.
B. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.
C. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.
D. The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.

The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.


Question: Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?

Choices:
A. protons and neutrons
B. molecules and electrons
C. protons and electrons
D. neutrons and molecules


Question: Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?

Choices:
A. meat, fish, and poultry
B. bread, rice, and pasta
C. fruits and vegetables
D. milk and milk products


Question: Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good

Choices:
A. electromagnet
B. insulator
C. circuit
D. current


Question: Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?

Choices:
A. A euglena can only reproduce asexually.
B. A euglena can respond to light.
C. A euglena can regulate water intake.
D. A euglena can live in fresh water.


Question: If the body takes in more food than it uses.

Choices:
A. the food is stored as fat.
B. weight is lost.
C. the heart rate increases.
D. breathing becomes faster.


Question: The mass of an object is measured using which unit?

Choices:
A. liter
B. gram
C. yard
D. meter


Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?

Choices:
A. The Sun is losing mass and helium.
B. The Sun is losing volume and helium.
C. The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.
D. The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.


Question: Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?

Choices:
A. Feeding animals
B. Selling clothes
C. Building houses
D. Picking apples


Question: A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?

Choices:
A. 20
B. 2
C. 200
D. 1


Question: Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?

Choices:
A. Gathering enough food
B. Raising young
C. Finding shelter
D. Hiding from predators


Question: There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?

Choices:
A. erosion of ocean shorelines
B. land scarred by forest fires
C. converging plate boundaries
D. destruction of tropical rain forests


Question: A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?

Choices:
A. placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit
B. reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit
C. using circuit wires with a lower resistance
D. increasing the current in the circuit

using circuit wires with a lower resistance


Question: There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to

Choices:
A. digest nutrients.
B. release energy.
C. cause movement.
D. make oxygen.


Question: Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?

Choices:
A. round ball
B. flat eraser
C. wooden cube
D. bent paper clip


Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of

Choices:
A. a solute.
B. an element.
C. a mineral.
D. a mixture.


Question: Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?

Choices:
A. Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.
B. Tie two different weights to two identical strings.
C. Tie identical weights to a long string.
D. Tie two different weights to a string.

Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.


Question: Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?

Choices:
A. vegetative budding
B. cloning
C. fertilization
D. binary fission


Question: Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?

Choices:
A. on a space station
B. in a lunar module
C. on a space probe
D. in a space shuttle


Question: Which is a possible consequence of global warming?

Choices:
A. a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts
B. an increase in the amount of coral reefs
C. an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts
D. a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons

an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts


Question: A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?

Choices:
A. carnivore
B. herbivore
C. omnivore
D. producer


Question: In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?

Choices:
A. cell wall
B. nucleus
C. chloroplast
D. cell membrane


Question: Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. geothermal energy
B. biofuel energy
C. wind energy
D. nuclear energy


Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of

Choices:
A. melting.
B. evaporation.
C. condensation.
D. freezing.


Question: Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?

Choices:
A. hours in a day
B. moon phases
C. seasonal changes
D. heights of tides


Question: Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to

Choices:
A. transform sugar into cellular energy.
B. transform proteins into useful nutrients.
C. synthesize sugars.
D. synthesize proteins.


Question: When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are

Choices:
A. electrical.
B. chemical.
C. physical.
D. mechanical.


Question: What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?

Choices:
A. decomposer to consumer
B. decomposer to producer
C. consumer to producer
D. producer to consumer


Question: When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?

Choices:
A. Its height decreases.
B. Its height increases.
C. It crests.
D. Its length shortens.


Question: Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?

Choices:
A. friction
B. gravity
C. magnetism
D. radiation


Question: Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?

Choices:
A. nucleus
B. cell membrane
C. vacuole
D. chloroplast


Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?

Choices:
A. Purple clothing can be made.
B. Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.
C. Some diseases can be treated.
D. Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.

Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.


Question: When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is

Choices:
A. a mixture.
B. a solution.
C. a compound.
D. an element.


Question: Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?

Choices:
A. It was once much warmer.
B. It has changed little from then.
C. It was once underwater.
D. It has become a rockier place.


Question: Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?

Choices:
A. metric ruler
B. triple beam balance
C. graduated cylinder
D. stopwatch


Question: Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?

Choices:
A. water
B. heat
C. oxygen
D. minerals


Question: It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?

Choices:
A. a source of solar power
B. a source of nonrenewable energy
C. a source of electrical power
D. a source of renewable energy


Question: Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the

Choices:
A. very dense rock located in Earth's inner core
B. relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust
C. hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core
D. relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle

relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust


Question: When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?

Choices:
A. speed
B. friction
C. mass
D. gravity


Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?

Choices:
A. grass
B. mushroom
C. mouse
D. hawk


Question: A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?

Choices:
A. fish
B. amphibian
C. reptile
D. mammal


Question: Which of these best describes a tornado?

Choices:
A. A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds
B. A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation
C. A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow
D. A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms

A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms


Question: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of

Choices:
A. respiration.
B. photosynthesis.
C. evaporation.
D. fertilization.


Question: A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?

Choices:
A. dunes
B. deltas
C. mountains
D. islands


Question: A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?

Choices:
A. a paper cup
B. a glass jar
C. a wooden box
D. a plastic bottle


Question: What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?

Choices:
A. an accident on a playground
B. a virus suspended in the air
C. an occurrence of acid rain
D. a genetic mutation in somatic cells


Question: When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?

Choices:
A. deep-sea currents
B. earthquake formation
C. spreading of the sea floor
D. sedimentary rocks


Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?

Choices:
A. oxygen and food
B. carbon dioxide and water
C. carbon dioxide and food
D. oxygen and carbon dioxide


Question: A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?

Choices:
A. linear movement due south
B. counterclockwise movement
C. linear movement due west
D. clockwise movement


Question: The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?

Choices:
A. dumping waste matter into ocean waters
B. using pesticides on agricultural crops
C. clearing native forests for industrialization
D. burning fossil fuels in power plants


Question: What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?

Choices:
A. It freezes.
B. It condenses.
C. It vaporizes.
D. It polarizes.


Question: Which two terms are used to describe weather?

Choices:
A. air temperature and wind speed
B. groundwater and cloud cover
C. gravity and amount of rain
D. wind direction and amount of erosion


Question: In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?

Choices:
A. year
B. century
C. day
D. month


Question: While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?

Choices:
A. quiet zones
B. heavy objects
C. drop zones
D. frictionless surfaces


Question: All of the populations of species in an area make up a

Choices:
A. community
B. family
C. region
D. niche


Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to

Choices:
A. conserve matter and energy.
B. grow and reproduce.
C. obtain nutrients.
D. make proteins.


Question: A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?

Choices:
A. hybridization
B. trait acquisition
C. genetic drift
D. mutation


Question: Two samples of gold must have the same

Choices:
A. mass.
B. volume.
C. density.
D. length.


Question: A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a

Choices:
A. bar graph.
B. line graph.
C. pictograph.
D. pie graph.


Question: What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Choices:
A. length of sunlight exposure
B. type of soil used
C. amount of water used
D. growth of the bean plants


Question: Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?

Choices:
A. nuclear energy into electric energy
B. thermal energy into electric energy
C. chemical energy into electric energy
D. kinetic energy into electric energy


Question: When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?

Choices:
A. red giant
B. nova
C. supernova
D. white dwarf


Question: The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?

Choices:
A. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.
B. The westward deflection of equatorial winds.
C. The rotation of storm systems.
D. The formation of calm "eyes" in the centers of cyclones.

The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.


Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?

Choices:
A. to use starch from the stems
B. to get nutrients through the roots
C. to make sugar in the leaves
D. to move water to the flowers


Question: Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?

Choices:
A. an increase in biodiversity
B. the growth of plants in newly cleared areas
C. soil erosion along with water pollution
D. animals relocating to different habitats


Question: Gravity is responsible for the ___.

Choices:
A. tilt of Earth's axis
B. orbits of the planets around the Sun
C. phases of the Moon
D. rotation of a planet on its axis


Question: Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?

Choices:
A. the digestive system
B. the nervous system
C. the excretory system
D. the endocrine system


Question: Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?

Choices:
A. tidal zones
B. mountain ranges
C. trenches
D. rift zones


Question: At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?

Choices:
A. subduction zone
B. transform boundary
C. divergent boundary
D. hot spot


Question: Which current property of our solar system is mainly due to solar emissions occurring soon after the initiation of fusion in the Sun's core?

Choices:
A. distribution of elements among the planets
B. distribution of moons among the planets
C. directions of rotation of the planets
D. directions of revolution of the planets

distribution of elements among the planets


Question: Water puddles on a sidewalk evaporate when the Sun heats the water. Which of these best describes what is happening as the water evaporates?

Choices:
A. Water changes phase as it releases heat to the environment.
B. Water boils as it absorbs energy from the sidewalk.
C. Water becomes a gas as it absorbs energy from the Sun.
D. Water evaporates as its thermal energy is transferred to the air.

Water becomes a gas as it absorbs energy from the Sun.


Question: Clara says that her school is in a desert. Which fact about her schoolyard most helps her claim?

Choices:
A. The schoolyard has few trees.
B. The schoolyard gets warm in the summer.
C. The schoolyard has rocks and sand.
D. The schoolyard gets little rain during the year.

The schoolyard gets little rain during the year.


Question: What process is most responsible for the extinction of most species of plants and animals that have lived on Earth?

Choices:
A. decrease in reproduction
B. selective breeding
C. environmental changes
D. gene mutation


Question: The scientific method is the inquiry process by which scientists raise and attempt to answer new questions. Which is the best way to communicate findings that result from scientific inquiry?

Choices:
A. discuss the findings with a well-known scientist
B. publish the findings in scientific journals
C. publish the findings in local newspapers
D. discuss the findings with scientists who agree with you

publish the findings in scientific journals


Question: Trevor turns on a lamp. When the lamp is on, electrical energy changes into which other form of energy?

Choices:
A. chemical
B. mechanical
C. light
D. potential


Question: People often wear sunglasses in polar regions because most of the sunlight that strikes a snow-covered surface is

Choices:
A. reflected
B. absorbed
C. transmitted
D. refracted


Question: A plant is discolored and has large brown blotches on its leaves. This condition is most likely caused by

Choices:
A. disease.
B. pollination.
C. photosynthesis.
D. nourishment.


Question: Which is a characteristic of sedimentary rock?

Choices:
A. forms from magma
B. forms in layers
C. contains crystals
D. looks very shiny


Question: Which gas is transported by the circulatory system in humans and is used by cells during respiration to release energy stored in food?

Choices:
A. carbon dioxide
B. hydrogen
C. nitrogen
D. oxygen


Question: Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?

Choices:
A. Mars
B. Mercury
C. Earth
D. Venus


Question: Rivers leave behind small pieces of rocks after they flood. These small pieces of rock form a floodplain. Which words best describe a floodplain?

Choices:
A. long rows of ridges
B. many sinkholes
C. rugged peaks
D. flat lands


Question: Some scientists believe that the mass extinction of dinosaurs was caused by the impact of a large meteorite on Earth. This impact would have caused a darkening of the sky due to dust blown into the upper atmosphere. This darkening would have reduced the sizes of some ecosystems because of

Choices:
A. accelerated erosion.
B. increased number of hurricanes.
C. reduced photosynthesis.
D. longer seasons.


Question: Which material is the best conductor of electricity?

Choices:
A. glass
B. metal
C. wood
D. plastic


Question: Which is an example of a nonliving thing?

Choices:
A. bird
B. insect
C. water
D. dog


Question: What is a characteristic of sedimentary rock?

Choices:
A. glassy texture
B. shiny silver luster
C. contains fossils
D. high hardness


Question: Rock that is made of material that has settled to the bottom of lakes and oceans and been compressed and hardened is

Choices:
A. conglomerate rock
B. metamorphic rock
C. sedimentary rock
D. volcanic rock


Question: Which are caused by the Coriolis Effect?

Choices:
A. wind patterns
B. stationary fronts
C. tornadoes
D. volcanoes


Question: Which of the following compounds is most likely to be part of living organisms?

Choices:
A. C?H??O?
B. BF?
C. MoCl?
D. CsI


Question: The Sun produces energy through

Choices:
A. volcanic eruptions.
B. chemical reactions.
C. fission of uranium.
D. nuclear fusion.


Question: Which device is used to determine the volume of a liquid?

Choices:
A. thermometer
B. test tube
C. anemometer
D. graduated cylinder


Question: Mrs. Garry's class wants to know if their area has more acid rain than other parts of the state. Which would be the best way for them to begin research?

Choices:
A. study science textbooks in the library
B. look for current acid rain studies on the Internet
C. contact other schools within the state
D. examine soil samples taken at different locations

look for current acid rain studies on the Internet


Question: Which illustrates the correct order of relationships in organisms?

Choices:
A. organ system -> organ -> cell -> tissue
B. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
C. tissue -> organ system -> organ -> cell
D. organ -> cell -> organ system -> tissue


Question: Which is evidence that the universe is expanding?

Choices:
A. red shift of light from distant galaxies
B. the presence of dark matter
C. constant speed of light from every perspective
D. emission of high-energy gamma rays by distant objects

red shift of light from distant galaxies


Question: Which of these statements is true about the parts that make up the atom?

Choices:
A. Electrons have a positive charge.
B. Neutrons have no charge.
C. Electrons are inside the nucleus.
D. Protons are larger than neutrons.


Question: A certain fossil (Y) is found in a layer of rock that lies between two index fossils, X and Z. Surprisingly, the older of the index fossils (Z) is found above the other fossils, suggesting that the rock layer has overturned. Which dating method is best to confirm the rock layer has overturned by determining the ages of these fossils?

Choices:
A. gene sequencing
B. anatomical comparison
C. fossil depth measurement
D. radiometric analysis


Question: Which items would be most useful at home during a power failure?

Choices:
A. insect spray and jackets
B. hats and sunscreen
C. raincoats and umbrellas
D. flashlights and extra batteries


Question: Energy flows in an ecosystem through food webs. Which form of energy is the least available for reuse in a food web?

Choices:
A. sunlight energy
B. energy from consumers
C. energy from producers
D. heat energy


Question: Which of the following fasteners are best to use to fasten the sides of a wooden birdhouse?

Choices:
A. bolts
B. nails
C. pins
D. hooks


Question: In areas where a lot of earthquakes occur, architects are designing buildings with the ability to move with the land. How are the new building designs most likely to help people?

Choices:
A. The new designs are much taller.
B. The new designs are more attractive.
C. The new designs cost less to make.
D. The new designs can help save lives.


Question: In which form is most of the energy released from gasoline when burned by an automobile?

Choices:
A. sound energy
B. nuclear energy
C. heat energy
D. solar energy


Question: Heart disease can result in a reduced amount of oxygen moving properly through the body. Which body system does heart disease most directly affect?

Choices:
A. excretory
B. skeletal
C. circulatory
D. nervous


Question: The oil used today is made from the ancient remains of tiny sea creatures called "Diatoms." When they were alive, the Diatoms converted sunlight into stored energy. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
A. The Sun turned diatoms into oil after 10-20 years.
B. The Sun is the original source of energy for oil.
C. Diatoms are the original source of energy for oil.
D. Diatoms converted oil into energy.

The Sun is the original source of energy for oil.


Question: Skunks spray a strong-smelling liquid to ___.

Choices:
A. attract prey
B. defend themselves
C. get rid of wastes
D. help nearby plants grow


Question: Which is an example of mechanical weathering?

Choices:
A. a volcano erupting
B. a rock freezing and thawing
C. a rockslide
D. an earthquake occurring


Question: Recycling newspapers is good for the environment because it

Choices:
A. helps conserve resources.
B. increases the need for trees.
C. helps remove pollutants from the air.
D. increases the need for landfills.


Question: Rocks and minerals are common materials found on Earth. Which property do most rocks and minerals share?

Choices:
A. They are liquid.
B. They are solid.
C. They are magnetic.
D. They are pure.


Question: Which organs belong to the lymphatic system?

Choices:
A. spleen, thymus
B. pancreas, pituitary gland
C. lungs, trachea
D. kidneys, bladder


Question: The hardness, odor, and taste of an object can all be

Choices:
A. measured with a metric ruler
B. measured with a spring scale
C. observed with the senses
D. observed with a hand lens


Question: A bird called a ptarmigan has feathered feet. The feathers on the feet of the ptarmigan are most helpful when this bird ___.

Choices:
A. runs under bushes
B. walks in deep snow
C. climbs rocky cliffs
D. digs up food


Question: What is responsible for changing the remains of prehistoric sea animals into natural gas?

Choices:
A. gravity
B. time
C. water
D. pressure


Question: Which is a basic structure found in all living organisms?

Choices:
A. compound
B. organ
C. cell
D. element


Question: To calculate the relative age of rocks, geologists use the rate of radioactive decay of isotopes present in their samples. What is the term used for the original amount of the elemental isotopes being investigated?

Choices:
A. parent isotopes
B. son isotopes
C. rare earth isotopes
D. daughter isotopes


Question: An echo is a sound wave that has been

Choices:
A. absorbed.
B. refracted.
C. scattered.
D. reflected.


Question: The central nervous system consists of two parts: the brain and the

Choices:
A. spinal cord.
B. senses.
C. organs.
D. muscles.


Question: A small town is building their first water treatment plant. Their primary disinfectant is UV radiation. Which contaminant will UV radiation eliminate?

Choices:
A. bacteria
B. oil
C. metals
D. sediment


Question: Which of the following must be included with magnitude to represent a vector?

Choices:
A. acceleration
B. direction
C. mass
D. volume


Question: What does a fire take away from a forest that squirrels need to survive?

Choices:
A. water and shelter
B. water and soil
C. food and shelter
D. food and soil


Question: Nitrogen, a nutrient found in fertilizer, helps plants increase in size. Rainwater runoff often carries fertilizer into ponds and lakes. What effect does excess nitrogen have on organisms in a pond or lake ecosystem?

Choices:
A. Frogs adapt quickly to new food sources.
B. Algae grows rapidly.
C. Clam shells are slowly weakened.
D. Mutations occur gradually in fish.


Question: Which measurement is the most accurate way to describe the distance between the Sun and its nearest neighboring star?

Choices:
A. 400 billion kilometers
B. 4 light-years
C. 4 billion kilometers
D. 400 light-years


Question: Which four elements make up most of the human body?

Choices:
A. sulfur, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen
B. silicon, calcium, oxygen, aluminum
C. carbon, sodium, hydrogen, oxygen
D. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen


Question: An area is semiarid, has few trees, and is home to ground-nesting birds. This area is most likely part of which biome?

Choices:
A. tundra
B. grassland
C. taiga
D. desert


Question: Which organisms make energy available to all other organisms in a food chain?

Choices:
A. scavengers
B. producers
C. consumers
D. decomposers


Question: Which of these substances is correctly identified as a mineral?

Choices:
A. quartz
B. coal
C. sandstone
D. granite


Question: Two objects are at rest and are 1.0 meter apart. To reduce the gravitational pull between the two objects, they should be

Choices:
A. moved 0.5 meter apart.
B. placed side by side.
C. stacked vertically.
D. moved 1.5 meters apart.


Question: Soil color is closely related to its content. Which element causes soil to appear red?

Choices:
A. iron
B. magnesium
C. silicon
D. calcium


Question: Which particles make up the mass of an atom?

Choices:
A. protons and neutrons
B. neutrons and molecules
C. electrons and molecules
D. protons and electrons


Question: Auroras occur where Earth's magnetosphere traps high-energy particles in which region of the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. troposphere
B. stratosphere
C. thermosphere
D. exosphere


Question: An experiment was performed at sea-level. 400 mL of water was put in 4 different-shaped containers and placed on hot plates with 4 different temperature settings as shown below. Beaker - 110°C Petri dish - 95°C Erlenmeyer flask - 60°C Round bottom bowl - 45°C Which characteristic of water remained the same in each container?

Choices:
A. the boiling point of water
B. the shape of the water
C. the amount of steam released per minute
D. the rate of evaporation


Question: In plants, what is responsible for passing traits from one generation to the next?

Choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. roots
C. genes
D. photosynthesis


Question: Which safety measure should a student take when handling a microscope?

Choices:
A. keep switching the magnifications
B. make sure to put the microscope on an uneven surface
C. carry the microscope with two hands at all times
D. clean the lenses with your fingers

carry the microscope with two hands at all times


Question: Which statement best describes the size of the Sun?

Choices:
A. The Sun is the largest and brightest star in the universe.
B. The Sun is medium-sized compared to other stars.
C. Most of the stars in the universe would fit inside the Sun.
D. Most of the stars in the universe are smaller than the Sun.

The Sun is medium-sized compared to other stars.


Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?

Choices:
A. The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.
B. The toads were frightened and went into the woods.
C. The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.
D. The toads got their food from the wetland ecosystem.

The toads got their food from the wetland ecosystem.


Question: Technological advances are allowing scientists to develop methods for replacing abnormal human genes with healthy copies of the same genes. Which is the most likely use for this gene therapy?

Choices:
A. killing viruses
B. healing wounds
C. treatment of airborne infections
D. treatment of inherited diseases


Question: Which statement about plant and animal cells is true?

Choices:
A. Both use mitochondria to produce energy.
B. Both have a cell wall to give them support.
C. Both use chloroplasts to store energy.
D. Both have a large vacuole to store water.

Both use mitochondria to produce energy.


Question: Finding fossils of warm-weather plants in the rock layers of a cold northern island suggests that

Choices:
A. the fossils used to be more resistant to cold.
B. the plants used to be harvested for food.
C. the climate of the island used to be warmer.
D. the island used to be located farther south.

the climate of the island used to be warmer.


Question: The hereditary material in corn plants can be altered by scientists so the plants produce more corn. Which term identifies this process?

Choices:
A. ecological succession
B. genetic engineering
C. natural selection
D. environmental degradation


Question: What is the main function of red blood cells?

Choices:
A. To fight disease in the body
B. To produce materials which cause the blood to clot.
C. To carry oxygen to all parts of the body
D. To remove carbon monoxide from all parts of the body

To carry oxygen to all parts of the body


Question: Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur both on land and in water. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions most often occur

Choices:
A. near plate boundaries
B. in regions near the equator
C. on large pieces of land
D. in large bodies of water


Question: An earthworm has a length of 12.8 centimeters. What is the length, in millimeters, of the earthworm?

Choices:
A. 1280 millimeters
B. 128 millimeters
C. 0.128 millimeter
D. 1.28 millimeters


Question: Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?

Choices:
A. granite
B. rubber
C. aluminum
D. wood


Question: Which are replenished more quickly than they are used?

Choices:
A. nonrenewable resources
B. material resources
C. renewable resources
D. energy resources


Question: What is the first thing a student should do before starting an experiment?

Choices:
A. make notes about observations
B. find a lab partner
C. read all the directions
D. write a report on the investigation


Question: Which of the following parts of the human body is most complex?

Choices:
A. white blood cell
B. kidney
C. heart
D. central nervous system


Question: The Wright Brothers' invention has had the greatest impact on

Choices:
A. transportation.
B. mass production.
C. communication.
D. space exploration.


Question: Which best describes how earthworms improve soil as they eat dead plant material?

Choices:
A. They remove extra water from the soil.
B. They recycle nutrients into the soil.
C. They make the soil clean.
D. They keep disease out of the soil.


Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. How would a clothing manufacturer separate colors to determine the purity of the dyes?

Choices:
A. through paper chromatography
B. through filtration
C. by their freezing points
D. by their boiling points


Question: What property of water is most important for living organisms?

Choices:
A. It is odorless.
B. It is tasteless.
C. It is liquid at most temperatures on Earth.
D. It does not conduct electricity.

It is liquid at most temperatures on Earth.


Question: An astronomer and a marine biologist were having lunch and discussing their current experiments. They discovered that although they investigate different areas of science, they most likely use the same

Choices:
A. locations for conducting their experiments.
B. scientific method to test hypotheses.
C. scientific tools used in experiments.
D. publications for conducting research.


Question: Fossil fuels are formed

Choices:
A. from the remains of organisms.
B. by high winds and temperatures.
C. in shallow areas over short periods of time.
D. in underground reservoirs that are relatively cool.


Question: Which had the greatest impact on the way humans heat their homes?

Choices:
A. Franklin's experiments with electricity
B. Mendel's experiments with pea plants
C. Newton's theory of gravity
D. Darwin's research on the Galapagos islands


Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Many people are concerned that the reduction in the number of acres of forested area on Earth will lead to a large reduction in the amount of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. If this happens, an organism's ability to breathe would be affected. The effect would be similar to moving the organism from

Choices:
A. sea level to a mountaintop.
B. sea level to a valley below sea level.
C. a mountaintop to sea level.
D. a beach at sea level to a valley at sea level.


Question: Which of these is an example of a chemical reaction?

Choices:
A. allowing milk to evaporate, leaving behind powdered milk
B. storing milk by putting it into the freezer
C. mixing milk into a glass with chocolate powder
D. milk turning sour when left in a warm place

milk turning sour when left in a warm place


Question: Which of these tools is best for recording observations outdoors?

Choices:
A. a graph
B. a ruler
C. a calculator
D. a notebook


Question: Students are investigating the physical properties of three solid mixtures by placing each solid mixture in liquid water. What physical property are the students testing?

Choices:
A. boiling point
B. solubility
C. conductivity
D. melting point


Question: What remains in the same location in the sky of the Northern Hemisphere each night?

Choices:
A. the Moon
B. the North Star
C. the Sun
D. the Little Dipper


Question: Which feature makes up most of the surface of Earth?

Choices:
A. dry land
B. craters
C. water
D. hot gases


Question: Which of these situations would most likely be a result of climate change?

Choices:
A. weaker storms, causing less shoreline erosion
B. increased radioactivity, causing damage to cells
C. shorter days, causing longer hibernation periods
D. shrinking glaciers, causing sea levels to rise

shrinking glaciers, causing sea levels to rise


Question: A student performs an investigation using anti-bacterial hand soap. The student washes only his left hand with anti-bacterial soap, but cultures swabs from both hands. The cultures from both hands were incubated at room temperature for 48 hours before being examined. Which best explains the purpose of using soap on only the left hand?

Choices:
A. to act as the dependent variable for the investigation
B. to serve as the independent variable for the investigation
C. to act as a controlled variable for the investigation
D. to provide another testable variable for the investigation

to serve as the independent variable for the investigation


Question: Raquel fed a litter of five kittens an all-meat diet for two weeks and found that they gained an average of 15 ounces. She concluded that eating meat is the best way to help kittens grow. What should Raquel have done to make this a better experiment?

Choices:
A. used only one kitten
B. tested dogs as well as cats
C. tested five kittens on a non-meat diet also
D. weighed the kittens in grams

tested five kittens on a non-meat diet also


Question: In the 1600s a scientist named Anton van Leeuwenhoek worked toward improving microscopes and created his own lenses. With his microscopes, Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and muscle fibers. Which type of job benefited most from these discoveries?

Choices:
A. teaching
B. astronomy
C. medicine
D. glass making


Question: One advantage of a hand lens over a microscope is that the hand lens

Choices:
A. is less likely to be infected by bacteria.
B. makes very tiny objects appear larger.
C. is easier to carry on field investigations.
D. produces a more accurate image.

is easier to carry on field investigations.


Question: Raising livestock, such as sheep and cattle, results in the production of large amounts of methane gas (CH4). Methane has the same effect in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). As more livestock are raised to provide food for humans, what is the most likely effect of the increase in methane?

Choices:
A. water pollution
B. global warming
C. ozone thinning
D. acid rain


Question: Which is most directly responsible for building up a river delta?

Choices:
A. deposition
B. subsidence
C. erosion
D. leaching


Question: What explains how day and night occur in different parts of Earth?

Choices:
A. The Sun rotates on its axis.
B. Earth revolves around the Sun.
C. Earth rotates on its axis.
D. The Sun revolves around the galaxy.


Question: The human body is made up of different levels of organization. A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Which would be an example of a tissue in the human body?

Choices:
A. stomach
B. platelets
C. hair
D. muscle


Question: In the rock cycle, sedimentary rock forms when rock is

Choices:
A. crystallized into natural glass.
B. exposed to great temperature.
C. melted into liquid magma.
D. broken down by weathering.


Question: Heating and cooling water change the state of matter of water. What happens when a block of ice is heated to 10° Celsius?

Choices:
A. It evaporates to become a vapor (gas).
B. It condenses to form liquid water.
C. It melts to form liquid water.
D. It freezes to become heavier ice.


Question: Which situation is the best example of an inherited trait?

Choices:
A. a boy playing with a ball
B. a dog sitting on command
C. a bird building a nest
D. a horse pulling a wagon


Question: Physical features help animals survive. Which statement best describes physical adaptations that occur through natural selection in changing environments?

Choices:
A. They are more likely to be observed in plants.
B. They result in population decline.
C. They are all observable in the fossil record.
D. They occur slowly over long periods of time.

They occur slowly over long periods of time.


Question: The amount of which greenhouse gas in the air will increase the most if large forests are cut down to be used for building materials without planting new trees in their place?

Choices:
A. carbon dioxide
B. ozone
C. methane
D. water vapor


Question: A carpenter rubs sandpaper on a wooden bench to make the bench smoother. The sandpaper will get warm as it is rubbed on the bench. As a result of the friction between the sandpaper and the bench, thermal energy is converted to

Choices:
A. chemical energy that is stored by the sandpaper.
B. radiant energy that is transferred to the bench.
C. potential energy that is stored by the wood.
D. heat energy that is transferred to the air.

heat energy that is transferred to the air.


Question: What is the green pigment that allows plants to change the Sun's energy into chemical energy?

Choices:
A. glucose
B. photosynthesis
C. chlorophyll
D. mitochondria


Question: Which scientist hypothesized that the environment can affect the characteristics of a species?

Choices:
A. Mendel
B. Einstein
C. Newton
D. Darwin


Question: Which statement describes the reason why an ice cube melts when set out in a warm room?

Choices:
A. The ice cube molecules move more slowly.
B. Heat from the room is absorbed by the ice cube.
C. One side of the ice cube is colder than the other.
D. Heat from the ice cube moves into the air.

Heat from the room is absorbed by the ice cube.


Question: Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in

Choices:
A. frequent thunderstorms.
B. high elevation snowfall.
C. low altitude fog.
D. rapid evaporation.


Question: In order to survive, all animals need

Choices:
A. food, water, and air
B. heat, water, and soil
C. sunlight, air, and food
D. sunlight, soil, and heat


Question: Which best explains why population growth can result in water shortages and rationing in certain areas?

Choices:
A. Tall buildings impede the development of rain clouds.
B. Increasing biomass decreases evaporation rates.
C. Aquifers recharge slowly.
D. Lake water is reserved for recreation.


Question: Professor Walden studies genetics at a local university. She believes that she has discovered information that contradicts a widely accepted theory. As a scientist and leader in the study of genetics, which action should she take?

Choices:
A. Announce to the world that her theory is better than the old theory.
B. Call the news media and tell them about her new theory.
C. Challenge the old theory with scientific evidence.
D. Request that the old theory be banned.

Challenge the old theory with scientific evidence.


Question: Canadian physician Sir William Osler once said, "In Science the credit goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man to whom the idea first occurred." How does this quote apply to scientific knowledge?

Choices:
A. Famous scientists have the best ideas.
B. In order to be important, ideas must be believable.
C. Ideas must be communicated to the public
D. The results are less important than the ideas in an experiment.

Ideas must be communicated to the public


Question: Which event or principle cannot have its validity directly tested by laboratory experiment?

Choices:
A. the Conservation of Energy
B. the Periodicity of Element Properties
C. the Acceleration of Objects due to Gravity
D. the Big Bang Theory


Question: How do the circulatory system and the respiratory system depend on one another?

Choices:
A. Nutrients collected by the respiratory system are carried throughout the body by the circulatory system.
B. Carbon dioxide collected by the circulatory system is carried throughout the body by the respiratory system.
C. Oxygen collected by the respiratory system is carried throughout the body by the circulatory system.
D. Solid wastes collected by the circulatory system are carried throughout the body by the respiratory system.

Oxygen collected by the respiratory system is carried throughout the body by the circulatory system.


Question: Oxygen and iron combine chemically to form rust. Rust is classified as which of the following?

Choices:
A. a compound
B. an element
C. an atom
D. a mixture


Question: A student made observations of four rock samples. Which of these observations most likely describes a sedimentary rock?

Choices:
A. Sample 2 has pink, gray, and white crystals grown together.
B. Sample 3 is made up of one huge, pale pink crystal.
C. Sample 4 is made up of layers of sand grains cemented together.
D. Sample 1 has bands of light and dark crystals.

Sample 4 is made up of layers of sand grains cemented together.


Question: In 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?

Choices:
A. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.
B. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.
C. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.
D. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.

Genes control inherited traits in organisms.


Question: Herbivores obtain most of their energy by

Choices:
A. absorbing sunlight
B. consuming animals
C. consuming plants
D. producing sugar


Question: Which factor has the greatest effect on a community's stores of freshwater?

Choices:
A. the average winter temperature
B. the average annual rainfall
C. the location of the nearest ocean
D. the location of the nearest mountain


Question: A researcher's plan is to place five fish in separate tanks, give them the same amount of food each day, and keep the temperature the same. One fish will be exposed to artificial light for 24 hours each day, while the others will have light for 22 hours and then no light for 2 hours each day. Which is the control for this experiment?

Choices:
A. the amount of food
B. the fish exposed to light for 24 hours
C. the fish deprived of light
D. the separate tanks


Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. How does adding heat energy affect magnesium fluoride (MgF2) molecules?

Choices:
A. The motion of the molecules stops.
B. The motion of the molecules increases.
C. The motion of the molecules is at a constant rate.
D. The motion of the molecules decreases.


Question: A shift in climate changes a forested area with little annual snowfall to an area with snowfall most of the year. Natural selection would most likely favor a rabbit with which adaptation?

Choices:
A. dark coat color
B. more powerful legs for burrowing
C. increased body fat
D. large ears to release body heat


Question: When humans move into an area, they sometimes plant grasses, flowers, or trees that are not native to the area. The non-native species sometimes choke out the native species. Which organism would most likely be harmed by a loss of native plants in the area?

Choices:
A. the fungi that break down dead plants
B. the caterpillars that eat only one type of plant
C. the mosquitoes that hide under plant leaves
D. the beetles that eat a variety of grass roots

the caterpillars that eat only one type of plant


Question: What is a way of improving air quality?

Choices:
A. using solar energy to produce electricity
B. burning wood in the fireplace
C. building more factories
D. driving large cars

using solar energy to produce electricity


Question: Which tool should be used to measure the stem length of a plant?

Choices:
A. a balance
B. a graduated cylinder
C. a metric ruler
D. a thermometer


Question: In which of these organs does most absorption of nutrients take place?

Choices:
A. stomach
B. small intestine
C. large intestine
D. liver


Question: Proper use and care of a microscope includes

Choices:
A. carrying it with both hands.
B. removing the objectives after you are done.
C. reflecting sunlight to the stage.
D. adjusting the coarse focus under high power.


Question: All matter is made up of

Choices:
A. cells
B. atoms
C. compounds
D. molecules


Question: Which physical change would most likely help an animal survive during the winter?

Choices:
A. fur gets thicker
B. whiskers get shorter
C. feathers are shed
D. tail gets longer


Question: Which of these steps in the rock cycle occurs ONLY in the formation of metamorphic rock?

Choices:
A. compaction
B. erosion
C. cementation
D. recrystallization


Question: A tulip growing in a pot is placed at the center of a table. Which of these nearby objects will the tulip grow toward?

Choices:
A. a fan blowing gently
B. a large bowl of water
C. an electric heater
D. a sunny window


Question: Common soaps are often basic. Which of these is a property of a chemical base?

Choices:
A. pH equal to 6
B. turns litmus paper blue
C. sour taste
D. forms bubbles with limestone


Question: As temperatures increase, which process is responsible for increasing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. ionization
D. respiration


Question: Why do some animals hibernate in the winter?

Choices:
A. to avoid predators
B. to find food for their young
C. to attract a mate
D. to adapt to environmental changes


Question: Which wind-water interaction is responsible for cycling nutrient-rich waters from the ocean floor to the sea surface?

Choices:
A. upwelling
B. surface currents
C. storm surge
D. downwelling


Question: If a cell is exposed to a chemical that inhibits the production of spindle fibers as the cell is preparing for mitosis, what would most likely happen?

Choices:
A. The cell would undergo meiotic division.
B. The cell would break open.
C. The cell would not divide.
D. The cell would continue with mitotic division.


Question: Norma's flashlight was not working. She replaced the old batteries with new ones, and the flashlight turned on. Why did the flashlight work after she replaced the batteries?

Choices:
A. because the batteries supply the energy
B. because the batteries produce light
C. because the batteries produce heat
D. because the batteries conduct the electricity


Question: The sun provides heat and light to Earth. The sun is best described as

Choices:
A. a planet close to Earth
B. the closest star to Earth
C. the center of the universe
D. a planet that reflects light


Question: A large piece of ice is placed on the sidewalk on a warm day. What will happen to the ice?

Choices:
A. It will melt to form water vapor.
B. It will freeze to form liquid water.
C. It will melt to form liquid water.
D. It will not change at all.


Question: Ducks live near ponds and lakes. The shape of a duck's foot helps it swim and walk on muddy ground. Which factor is most important in determining the shape of a baby duck's foot?

Choices:
A. the shape of the parent ducks' feet
B. the amount of rain that fell before the duck was born
C. the amount of mud in the bottom of the pond
D. the temperature of the pond water


Question: The Moon revolves around the Earth because of a non-contact force. What force of Earth keeps the Moon in orbit?

Choices:
A. gravitational force
B. electrical force
C. centripetal force
D. magnetic force


Question: Which motion causes the pattern of day and night on Earth?

Choices:
A. the moon rotates on its axis
B. Earth orbits around the sun
C. the moon orbits around Earth
D. Earth rotates on its axis


Question: What causes ocean water to evaporate in the water cycle?

Choices:
A. energy from Earth's moon
B. energy from ocean waves
C. energy from the Sun
D. energy from Earth's rotation


Question: Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria than do other cells, such as skin cells. Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others?

Choices:
A. The cells store more nutrients.
B. The cells degrade more proteins.
C. The cells divide more frequently.
D. The cells use more energy.


Question: A student finds that an unidentified mineral sample can scratch gypsum but is unable to scratch quartz. The student has made an observation about which property of the sample?

Choices:
A. reactivity
B. hardness
C. luster
D. density


Question: Which process is the best example of weathering?

Choices:
A. Sediments flow into a bay.
B. A tree root breaks apart a rock.
C. Dry weather results in a small harvest.
D. A cloud releases freezing rain.


Question: What is the major source of energy for food chains?

Choices:
A. water
B. grass
C. sunlight
D. air


Question: Elias investigates whether soaking beans in water before planting affects how the beans grow. Which beans would most likely be the control group?

Choices:
A. the beans that had the greatest mass
B. the beans that were soaked the least amount of time
C. the beans that grew the tallest
D. the beans that were not soaked in water


Question: What type of galaxy most likely can be described as a large, flat disk surrounded by arms of stars and dust?

Choices:
A. irregular
B. ring
C. spiral
D. elliptical


Question: Which is true of a car that is accelerating along a horizontal roadway?

Choices:
A. Its potential energy is decreasing.
B. Its potential energy is increasing.
C. Its kinetic energy is increasing
D. Its kinetic energy is decreasing.


Question: A hypothesis that is successfully tested many times may become a

Choices:
A. law.
B. constant.
C. conclusion.
D. theory.


Question: Which of the following do plants need to make their own food?

Choices:
A. Sunlight
B. Flowers
C. Oxygen
D. Bacteria


Question: What is the result of the rapid shifting in Earth's surface?

Choices:
A. an earthquake
B. a volcano
C. a tornado
D. an avalanche


Question: Ned learned that light is a source of energy. Which can only result from light energy?

Choices:
A. an ice cube melting
B. a rainbow forming
C. thunder booming
D. water evaporating


Question: At which location are oceans the deepest?

Choices:
A. Abyssal plain
B. Volcanic island
C. Mid-ocean ridge
D. Ocean trench


Question: Kendra's mom is purchasing a car, but cannot decide what color to get. Kendra advises her mom that a car with a black exterior will be uncomfortable in the summer. This observation is correct because dark objects, as compared to lighter colored objects,

Choices:
A. are generally more dense.
B. reduce heat transfer.
C. reflect sunlight more efficiently.
D. absorb more of the Sun's energy.


Question: Heart cells have fibers that slide up and down and cause contractions. Which types of specialized cells can contract?

Choices:
A. white blood cells
B. bone cells
C. muscle cells
D. nerve cells


Question: What can we learn by studying fossils?

Choices:
A. how hurricanes formed long ago
B. how the solar system was formed
C. how Earth's environments have changed
D. the cause of strong earthquakes


Question: If a string on a musical instrument like a guitar is made tighter, the sound produced by that string will always be

Choices:
A. louder.
B. higher pitched.
C. lower pitched.
D. quieter.


Question: Iron oxide, also known as rust, is formed when iron chemically combines with oxygen. Which term best describes iron oxide?

Choices:
A. element
B. solution
C. mixture
D. compound


Question: Which is a trait that a child can inherit from its parents?

Choices:
A. length of hair
B. a broken leg
C. language skills
D. eye color


Question: Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait?

Choices:
A. geographical isolation
B. ecological succession
C. behavioral modification
D. selective breeding


Question: Which tool will best help scientists understand relationships between oceans and climate changes?

Choices:
A. a weather balloon
B. a rain gauge
C. a computer model
D. radar


Question: A student mixes a spoonful of sand into a beaker of water. Which two methods can be used to separate the sand from the water?

Choices:
A. filtration and evaporation
B. chromatography and filtration
C. settling and magnetic attraction
D. settling and chromatography


Question: A warm-blooded organism that nurses its young would be called

Choices:
A. a bird.
B. an insect.
C. a mammal.
D. a reptile.


Question: Elements on the Periodic Table of the Elements are classified into categories such as

Choices:
A. mixtures and compounds
B. metals and nonmetals
C. molecules and atoms
D. rocks and minerals


Question: In a genetics investigation, students used two red straws to represent male parent DNA. They used two green straws to represent female parent DNA. The offspring in this activity are best represented by

Choices:
A. one red straw and one green straw.
B. two green straws.
C. either one red straw or one green straw.
D. two red straws.


Question: The process of cellular respiration occurs in

Choices:
A. both plant and animal cells.
B. neither plant nor animal cells.
C. animal cells only.
D. plant cells only.


Question: Ana rolled her wagon down the ramp to reach the playground. There, she and her sister played on the seesaw. Which set of simple machines has Ana used?

Choices:
A. Wheel and axle, inclined plane, and lever
B. Pulley, inclined plane, and screw
C. Lever, pulley, and wedge
D. Wedge, wheel and axle, and screw

Wheel and axle, inclined plane, and lever


Question: Which of these features, formed east of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, is due to moist air rising along the western slope of the mountain range?

Choices:
A. temperate forest
B. desert
C. rain forest
D. grassland


Question: Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth?

Choices:
A. an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide
B. a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions
C. a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes
D. an increase in the length of a day

an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide


Question: A student is reading the nutritional information on a box of cereal. It says that a single serving contains 215 calories. Which type of energy is being measured by this unit?

Choices:
A. kinetic
B. chemical
C. mechanical
D. electrical


Question: Crustal plates that pull apart from one another most likely form

Choices:
A. strike-slip faults.
B. rift zones.
C. oceanic trenches.
D. volcanic island arcs.


Question: A change in the position of an object as time changes best describes

Choices:
A. frequency.
B. direction.
C. motion.
D. waves.


Question: What two organ systems are involved in the transfer of oxygen to the cells from outside the body?

Choices:
A. skeletal and respiratory
B. circulatory and respiratory
C. circulatory and digestive
D. skeletal and digestive


Question: Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are two reactive and dangerous elements. Chlorine is a halogen gas that can cause respiratory damage and sodium is an alkali metal that reacts violently with water. What happens to the properties of sodium and chlorine when they react to form sodium chloride (NaCl), common table salt?

Choices:
A. The properties of both sodium and chlorine change.
B. The properties of sodium remain the same but the properties of chlorine change.
C. The properties of both sodium and chlorine remain the same.
D. The properties of sodium are different but chlorine remains a dangerous gas.

The properties of both sodium and chlorine change.


Question: Which list includes only examples of matter that can take the shape of a container?

Choices:
A. sand, ice, and wood
B. oil, air, and rock
C. water, air, and milk
D. nail, stick, and paper


Question: Which source of energy is nonrenewable?

Choices:
A. coal
B. sunlight
C. water
D. wood


Question: Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet?

Choices:
A. warm soil
B. rocky surfaces
C. atmospheric oxygen
D. liquid water


Question: Plants that are different from each another may have similar structures. Which structure do all plants have in common?

Choices:
A. fruit
B. trunks
C. flowers
D. roots


Question: Which organism is a producer?

Choices:
A. frog
B. lizard
C. grass
D. mushroom


Question: Some machines have been designed to perform complicated tasks which result from a demand for

Choices:
A. minimizing illness from disease.
B. maximizing the price of consumer goods.
C. minimizing the need for manual labor.
D. maximizing the use of non-renewable resources.


Question: Scientists are developing new satellite technology to help predict the weather. How will developing this technology most likely benefit people?

Choices:
A. It will show people that storms can be prevented.
B. It will show people that science is interesting.
C. It will help people drive in the rain.
D. It will help warn people about dangerous storms.

It will help warn people about dangerous storms.


Question: Which statement about gravity is written as a law?

Choices:
A. The force of gravity between two objects depends upon their masses and the distance between them.
B. The reason gravity works is because masses bend time and space.
C. The experiments being done on gravity today are better than what were done in the past and a full understanding is only a few years away.
D. The effect of gravity on plants might be reduced if certain minerals are added to the soil.

The force of gravity between two objects depends upon their masses and the distance between them.


Question: What does the brain monitor to control the rate of breathing during normal activities?

Choices:
A. the level of carbon dioxide in the cells
B. the level of carbon dioxide in the lungs
C. the level of carbon dioxide in the blood
D. the level of carbon dioxide in the air

the level of carbon dioxide in the blood


Question: A researcher is measuring changes in the density of the upper atmosphere over time. Which units should be used for the density measurements?

Choices:
A. L/m^3
B. kg/s
C. kg/m^3
D. m^3/s


Question: Which function requires the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems to work together?

Choices:
A. movement of appendages
B. absorption of nutrients
C. completion of blood circulation
D. regulation of hormones


Question: Michael Faraday showed how electric current in a wire produces

Choices:
A. molecules
B. a vibration
C. chemicals
D. a magnetic field


Question: Mrs. Moyers teaches her students about different energy sources. Which example comes from a renewable source of energy?

Choices:
A. water heated by solar panels
B. an engine powered by gasoline
C. electricity produced from coal
D. food cooked over natural gas


Question: What is at the center of our solar system?

Choices:
A. a black hole that was once a star.
B. a star composed of carbon and nitrogen.
C. a medium planet with an atmosphere.
D. a star composed of hydrogen and helium.


Question: Which device directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy?

Choices:
A. battery-powered flashlight
B. solar-powered calculator
C. wood-burning stove
D. wind-powered sailboat


Question: Some students have gathered a collection of rock samples from the school yard to study. They scraped the rocks against a piece of quartz from the school lab. Which property of minerals are the students investigating?

Choices:
A. hardness
B. color
C. streak
D. texture


Question: Which organisms eat only plants?

Choices:
A. omnivores
B. scavengers
C. herbivores
D. producers


Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of the "steady state theory" of the universe?

Choices:
A. Light moving from the center of the universe appears red.
B. A great explosion caused the origin of the universe.
C. The nature of the universe has always been the same.
D. The universe is constantly growing and changing.

The nature of the universe has always been the same.


Question: A sunspot appears as a dark spot on the sun that is cooler than the surrounding area. On which region of the sun do sunspots occur?

Choices:
A. chromosphere
B. core
C. photosphere
D. corona


Question: The Great Miami Aquifer is a large underground water supply that lies under much of southwest Ohio. The water level of the aquifer could be reduced over time by too much

Choices:
A. irrigation.
B. evaporation.
C. rainfall.
D. pollution.


Question: What kind of energy conversion occurs after a candle is lit?

Choices:
A. chemical energy to light energy
B. light energy to heat energy
C. mass to kinetic energy
D. friction to electrical energy


Question: What is one way the body reacts to cold weather?

Choices:
A. sweating
B. shivering
C. swallowing
D. sneezing


Question: Running to escape danger is an action that requires the nervous system to coordinate the interaction of which two body systems?

Choices:
A. circulatory and digestive
B. reproductive and excretory
C. digestive and endocrine
D. muscular and skeletal


Question: What causes day and night on Earth?

Choices:
A. the Sun's rotation on its axis
B. the Sun's revolution around Earth
C. Earth's rotation on its axis
D. Earth's revolution around the Sun


Question: Which is the best explanation of why the Moon revolves around Earth?

Choices:
A. The Moon is attracted by the gravity of Earth.
B. The Moon has a thinner atmosphere than Earth.
C. The Moon has a smaller gravitational force than Earth.
D. The Moon is too large to move away from Earth.

The Moon is attracted by the gravity of Earth.


Question: Which observation provides evidence of the existence of planets orbiting other stars?

Choices:
A. periodic dimming of the stars
B. periodic X-ray bursts from the stars
C. regular spectrum changes from the stars
D. rapid location changes of the stars


Question: Mutations that occur in sex cells can be passed from parent to offspring during

Choices:
A. sexual reproduction.
B. cloning.
C. binary fission.
D. budding.


Question: Which type of ecosystem has the greatest variation in temperature from its top to its bottom?

Choices:
A. ocean
B. lake
C. pond
D. estuary


Question: What two factors determine the location of an electron around the nucleus of the atom?

Choices:
A. energy and the attraction of the nucleus
B. speed and direction of the electron
C. direction and strength of the electron
D. size of the electron and the neutron

energy and the attraction of the nucleus


Question: The removal of waste from Florida's East Bay and Pensacola Bay is intended to speed the bay ecosystem's natural tendency to do which of the following?

Choices:
A. produce organisms that can survive changed conditions
B. adapt to a changed landscape
C. return to its pre-pollution conditions
D. undergo ecosystem progression


Question: Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has

Choices:
A. texture
B. odor
C. color
D. mass


Question: Which is the order of the planets from closest to the Sun to farthest from the Sun?

Choices:
A. Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury
B. Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus
C. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
D. Earth, Venus, Mercury, Mars


Question: In living things, large and complex molecules are broken down into small and simple molecules. What is this process called?

Choices:
A. digestion
B. excretion
C. absorption
D. circulation


Question: Meadow voles are small mouse-like animals that eat plants and insects. Their niche in an ecosystem is a

Choices:
A. herbivore.
B. omnivore.
C. producer.
D. scavenger.


Question: A dietary supplement manufacturer developed a new calcium supplement that appears to increase the bone density in middle-aged women. When tested in a small clinical trial, the supplement was shown to cause a 15% increase in bone density in 8 out of 10 women. Before the supplement is offered to the general public, which step should the manufacturer take next?

Choices:
A. develop packaging that is attractive to women
B. test the supplement on mice in the laboratory
C. add a variety of vitamins to the supplement
D. test the supplement on a larger sample of women

test the supplement on a larger sample of women


Question: The European starling entered North America in the late 1800s. It proved very successful and was able to spread throughout the United States by 1955. The survival and rapid reproduction of starlings most likely limited the population size of which organisms within its habitats?

Choices:
A. its predators
B. its mutualists
C. its competitors
D. its decomposers


Question: Which does 12.0 grams represent?

Choices:
A. speed
B. force
C. mass
D. volume


Question: Which of the following statements best describes the process of natural selection in a population?

Choices:
A. Some individuals respond to their environment by mutating to make themselves more likely to survive.
B. All individuals learn to adapt to specific changes that occur slowly in their environment.
C. All individuals develop traits to match changes to their environment.
D. Some individuals have genetic differences that make them more likely to survive and reproduce in their environment.

Some individuals have genetic differences that make them more likely to survive and reproduce in their environment.


Question: A researcher is working on a family genetics project. She wants to trace a particular trait back through several generations of her ancestors. Which type of display will best help the researcher organize the information?

Choices:
A. flow chart
B. Punnett square
C. cycle diagram
D. pedigree chart


Question: Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when this second sample started to boil?

Choices:
A. half as high as the first sample's
B. slightly higher than the first sample's
C. the same as the first sample's
D. twice as high as the first sample's


Question: Between 40 and 50 million years ago, the landmass on the Indian plate collided with the landmass on the Eurasian plate. What formed when these landmasses collided?

Choices:
A. the Great Plains
B. the Mariana Trench
C. the Himalayan Mountains
D. the Grand Canyon


Question: Hawaii is composed mainly of volcanoes with gentle slopes and large surface areas. Which characteristics best describe the lava these volcanoes have released?

Choices:
A. relatively fluid and low viscosity
B. highly viscous and relatively cool
C. mainly water vapor and large boulders
D. mix of hot gas and rock shards


Question: Mrs. Henderson's class has five small covered boxes. One contains perfume; another contains dried onions. There is also a box of pine needles, a box of lemon pieces, and a box with a paper towel wetted with vanilla flavoring. Which should they do to get the best information about what is in each box?

Choices:
A. Weigh the boxes.
B. Listen to the boxes.
C. Smell the boxes.
D. Shake the boxes.


Question: Which of these best describes the relationship between Earth's layers?

Choices:
A. The more liquid layers are closest to the crust.
B. The more metallic layers are closest to the crust.
C. The lightest layers are closest to the core.
D. The hottest layers are closest to the core.

The hottest layers are closest to the core.


Question: A neutral atom is best described as having

Choices:
A. more electrons than protons.
B. an equal number of protons and electrons.
C. more protons than neutrons.
D. an equal number of protons and neutrons.

an equal number of protons and electrons.