Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and

Choices:
A. chemical energy
B. heat energy
C. mechanical energy
D. magnetic energy


Question: Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?

Choices:
A. sedimentation
B. precipitation
C. evaporation
D. condensation

local Hugging Face dataset card: ai2_arc/README.md


Question: In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of

Choices:
A. conservation of energy.
B. conservation of mass.
C. combustion.
D. fixed proportions.


Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by

Choices:
A. shining a light on the mineral.
B. breaking off a piece of the mineral.
C. rubbing a penny against the mineral.
D. soaking the mineral in water.


Question: A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?

Choices:
A. July 1
B. July 7
C. June 7
D. June 15


Question: A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?

Choices:
A. decomposers recycling dead insects
B. annual variation in oxygen availability
C. variation in barometric pressure
D. activities of predators preying on insects

activities of predators preying on insects


Question: Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?

Choices:
A. egg, larva, pupa, adult
B. egg, nymph, pupa, adult
C. egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult
D. egg, larva, nymph, adult


Question: Which of these describes rotation?

Choices:
A. Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.
B. Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.
C. The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.
D. Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.

Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.


Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?

Choices:
A. absorption
B. reflection
C. diffraction
D. refraction


Question: People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?

Choices:
A. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.
B. The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.
C. The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.
D. The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.

The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.


Question: In which case does a physical change occur?

Choices:
A. A cake bakes in an oven.
B. Two chemicals form a new substance.
C. Ice melts into water.
D. Bread burns in a toaster.


Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?

Choices:
A. biomass
B. hydroelectric power
C. solar power
D. geothermal energy


Question: Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?

Choices:
A. a nucleus
B. a circular chromosome
C. a cell membrane
D. a mitochondrion


Question: Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?

Choices:
A. shape and texture of the sample
B. hardness and streak of the sample
C. location and mass of the sample
D. color and size of the sample


Question: Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. a reduction in photosynthesis
B. an increase in the greenhouse effect
C. a reduction in the ozone layer
D. an increase in radioactive wastes


Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover

Choices:
A. metal.
B. liquids.
C. wood.
D. solids.


Question: Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?

Choices:
A. astronomical unit
B. kilometer
C. light-year
D. meter


Question: The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?

Choices:
A. digestive
B. skeletal
C. circulatory
D. nervous


Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?

Choices:
A. rotation
B. phase
C. day
D. orbit


Question: Which best describes an exothermic reaction?

Choices:
A. energy is released
B. energy is required
C. equal amounts of products are produced
D. a physical change occurs


Question: During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?

Choices:
A. melting only
B. boiling only
C. melting and boiling but not freezing
D. melting and freezing but not boiling


Question: Which of the following is a first-level consumer?

Choices:
A. carrot
B. wolf
C. rabbit
D. hawk


Question: A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?

Choices:
A. increase the mass of the box
B. make the surfaces of the box smooth
C. reduce the mass of the box
D. make the surface of the floor smooth


Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?

Choices:
A. Earth has a tilted axis
B. Earth has a magnetic field
C. Earth has a moon
D. Earth has an elliptical orbit


Question: In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?

Choices:
A. increase in visual acuity
B. development of webbed feet
C. increase in leg strength
D. development of claws


Question: A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?

Choices:
A. relative humidity
B. types of thermal energy
C. noise levels
D. intensity of light


Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?

Choices:
A. through decaying matter
B. through exposure to air
C. by absorbing sunlight
D. by rocks eroding


Question: Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?

Choices:
A. erosion
B. chemical weathering
C. mechanical weathering
D. fertilizer


Question: Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?

Choices:
A. The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.
B. Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.
C. The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.
D. The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.

The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.


Question: Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?

Choices:
A. driving cars through the stream
B. reducing use of fertilizers near the stream
C. releasing warm water into the stream
D. increasing use of chemicals near the stream

reducing use of fertilizers near the stream


Question: A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from

Choices:
A. solid to gas
B. liquid to gas
C. liquid to solid
D. solid to liquid


Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?

Choices:
A. hydrogen
B. oxygen
C. carbon dioxide
D. nitrogen


Question: Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?

Choices:
A. metamorphosis
B. reproduction
C. photosynthesis
D. pollination


Question: Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?

Choices:
A. paramecium
B. euglena
C. amoeba
D. volvox


Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?

Choices:
A. crude oil
B. fresh water
C. thermal energy
D. salt reserves


Question: Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by

Choices:
A. genetic defects.
B. acidic food.
C. allergies.
D. bacteria.


Question: Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?

Choices:
A. DNA
B. mitochondrion
C. capsule
D. nucleus


Question: Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?

Choices:
A. soil
B. trees
C. wind
D. water


Question: During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?

Choices:
A. in the opposite direction
B. in a vertical direction
C. in the same direction
D. in a downward direction


Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?

Choices:
A. overproducing food crops
B. spraying plants with pesticides
C. eroding the land by tilling
D. removing weeds from crops


Question: As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?

Choices:
A. nuclear
B. magnetic
C. chemical
D. mechanical


Question: Which statement is an inference?

Choices:
A. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.
B. A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.
C. Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.
D. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.

Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.


Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. precipitation
B. condensation
C. transpiration
D. evaporation


Question: At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?

Choices:
A. DNA synthesis of spindle protein
B. microtubule organization of spindle fibers
C. RNA synthesis of spindle protein
D. membrane transport of spindle fibers

microtubule organization of spindle fibers


Question: Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of

Choices:
A. a learned trait.
B. behavioral trait.
C. an instinctive trait.
D. an inherited trait.


Question: On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?

Choices:
A. December 21
B. June 21
C. March 21
D. September 21


Question: What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?

Choices:
A. gravity
B. the push from your hand
C. magnetism
D. air resistance


Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the

Choices:
A. revolution of the Moon around the Earth.
B. tilt of the Earth.
C. revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
D. tilt of the Moon.

revolution of the Moon around the Earth.


Question: One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?

Choices:
A. respiratory
B. digestive
C. circulatory
D. muscular


Question: The discovery of penicillin helped in the

Choices:
A. healing of bones.
B. search for diseases.
C. treatment of infections.
D. discovery of viruses.


Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become

Choices:
A. overpopulated
B. extinct
C. dominant
D. diverse


Question: A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?

Choices:
A. spring weather with flowers blooming
B. hot, sunny summer weather
C. cold, snowy winter weather
D. cool, rainy fall weather


Question: Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?

Choices:
A. molecules
B. protons
C. electrons
D. neutrons


Question: What is one way people are helping the environment?

Choices:
A. They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.
B. They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.
C. They are using their cars more to get to places faster.
D. They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.

They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.


Question: What is the function of hollow bones in birds?

Choices:
A. to make bones strong enough for flight
B. to store oxygen for high-altitude flight
C. to streamline birds for efficient flight
D. to reduce the weight of birds for flight

to reduce the weight of birds for flight


Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?

Choices:
A. 19.5
B. 10
C. 40
D. 0.025


Question: Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?

Choices:
A. to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body
B. to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production
C. to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy
D. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body

to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body


Question: The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the

Choices:
A. humidity is high.
B. days are longest.
C. atmospheric nitrogen is low.
D. vegetation is sparse.


Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?

Choices:
A. to find mates
B. to find water and food
C. to find shelter
D. to escape predators


Question: Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?

Choices:
A. ozone (O_{3})
B. nitrogen oxide (NO)
C. carbon monoxide (CO)
D. methane (CH_{4})


Question: The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is

Choices:
A. part of a bacterial colony.
B. able to function independently.
C. multicellular.
D. unicellular.


Question: A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.

Choices:
A. friction
B. balance
C. attraction
D. magnetism


Question: One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?

Choices:
A. The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.
B. The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges.
C. The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.
D. The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.

The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.


Question: How is weather related to climate?

Choices:
A. Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.
B. Climate describes the weather of a large area.
C. Weather describes the climate of a large area.
D. Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.

Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.


Question: Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?

Choices:
A. Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.
B. Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.
C. Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.
D. Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.

Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.


Question: Which process is common to most living things?

Choices:
A. talking
B. seeing
C. reproducing
D. flying


Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?

Choices:
A. compass
B. protractor
C. meter stick
D. spring scale


Question: All of these are examples of observation and measurement except

Choices:
A. counting the number of birds that fly by.
B. illustrating the different birds that fly by.
C. attracting birds with birdseed.
D. charting where birds fly.


Question: The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?

Choices:
A. children playing in the ocean waves
B. people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes
C. children digging holes along the sand dunes
D. people fishing from a boat

children digging holes along the sand dunes


Question: Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?

Choices:
A. Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.
B. Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.
C. Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.
D. Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.

Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.


Question: A "shooting star" is

Choices:
A. a small star.
B. a meteor.
C. an asteroid.
D. a comet.


Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?

Choices:
A. producer
B. herbivore
C. decomposer
D. carnivore


Question: Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?

Choices:
A. The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.
B. The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.
C. The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.
D. The small size of cells keeps reactants together.


Question: Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?

Choices:
A. Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.
B. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.
C. Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.
D. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth.

Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.


Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was

Choices:
A. 40 mL.
B. 20 mL.
C. 10 mL.
D. 30 mL.


Question: Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of

Choices:
A. physical changes.
B. electrical changes.
C. magnetic changes.
D. chemical changes.


Question: There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?

Choices:
A. sound
B. light
C. mechanical
D. heat


Question: Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?

Choices:
A. weathering
B. flooding
C. earthquake
D. erosion


Question: In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?

Choices:
A. transportation
B. mining
C. farming
D. manufacturing


Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?

Choices:
A. remove earthworms
B. add more water to the soil
C. increase the amount of pesticide he uses
D. mix decomposed plant matter into the soil

mix decomposed plant matter into the soil


Question: Which of these objects will rust?

Choices:
A. iron nails
B. plastic straws
C. glass beads
D. wood chips


Question: Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?

Choices:
A. pink
B. yellow
C. black
D. white


Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?

Choices:
A. reproductive and circulatory
B. muscle and endocrine
C. nervous and muscle
D. nervous and digestive


Question: Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?

Choices:
A. frequency
B. wavelength
C. amplitude
D. magnitude


Question: Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?

Choices:
A. refractory period
B. action potential
C. threshold period
D. resting potential


Question: Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another

Choices:
A. are called non-metals.
B. are called insulators.
C. are called conductors.
D. are called resistors.


Question: Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?

Choices:
A. wearing protective clothing and goggles
B. closing the door to the hall
C. using bright fluorescent lights
D. keeping the window open


Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because

Choices:
A. there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through
B. the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound
C. the temperature on the Moon is too low
D. the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low

there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through


Question: The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?

Choices:
A. the change in velocity divided by the time for that change
B. a change in the distance the car travels
C. a change in the direction of the car
D. the change in the time for the car to travel a distance

the change in velocity divided by the time for that change


Question: During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?

Choices:
A. afternoon
B. night
C. sunset
D. sunrise


Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.

Choices:
A. caterpillars
B. cocoons
C. worms
D. little butterflies


Question: Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved

Choices:
A. the availability of medication.
B. the prediction of weather.
C. the quality of food.
D. the effectiveness of vaccinations.


Question: An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?

Choices:
A. by trying to crawl out of the pan
B. by crawling around in the pan
C. by burrowing under the soil
D. by staying where it was placed


Question: What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?

Choices:
A. mesosphere
B. outer core
C. inner core
D. asthenosphere


Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?

Choices:
A. noise pollution
B. air pollution
C. water pollution
D. land pollution


Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to

Choices:
A. attract insects
B. wake up other animals
C. frighten away other types of birds
D. mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird

mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird


Question: Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?

Choices:
A. ozone depletion
B. overfishing
C. beach erosion
D. air pollution


Question: Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand

Choices:
A. mixtures
B. elements
C. solutions
D. compounds


Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?

Choices:
A. There were no predators to control the population.
B. There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.
C. The birth rate was constant and few moose died.
D. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.

There were no predators to control the population.


Question: Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?

Choices:
A. craters
B. seas
C. atmosphere
D. thunderstorms


Question: As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?

Choices:
A. magnetism
B. friction
C. gravity
D. electricity


Question: Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?

Choices:
A. excretory
B. circulatory
C. endocrine
D. reproductive


Question: When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?

Choices:
A. the revolution of Earth around the Sun
B. the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern
C. the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere
D. the uneven heating between the land and water

the uneven heating between the land and water


Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?

Choices:
A. circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells
B. digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells
C. circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system
D. digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system

digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells


Question: Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles

Choices:
A. slow down.
B. cool down.
C. vibrate.
D. heat up.


Question: Which event is an example of conduction?

Choices:
A. A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.
B. Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.
C. Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.
D. Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.

Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.


Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?

Choices:
A. nuclear
B. electrical
C. chemical
D. mechanical


Question: Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?

Choices:
A. During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.
B. During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.
C. During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.
D. During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.

During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.


Question: What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?

Choices:
A. an electron
B. a molecule
C. a compound
D. an atom


Question: Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?

Choices:
A. thermometer
B. meter stick
C. graduated cylinder
D. balance


Question: If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?

Choices:
A. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.
B. The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.
C. The ecosystem will not change from its original state.
D. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen.

The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.


Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.

Choices:
A. the amount of sunlight shining on the plant
B. the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows
C. the amount of water in the plant's environment
D. the color of the flowers on the plant


Question: Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?

Choices:
A. snake fangs
B. human skin
C. bird beak
D. bear claws


Question: The human respiratory system is responsible for removing

Choices:
A. fat from cells
B. hormones from glands
C. nutrients from food
D. carbon dioxide from blood


Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that

Choices:
A. recycle nutrients
B. destroy microbes
C. allow locomotion
D. coordinate movement


Question: Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?

Choices:
A. electricity and sound
B. light and magnetism
C. heat and light
D. heat and sound


Question: Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?

Choices:
A. nitrogen
B. water vapor
C. oxygen
D. carbon dioxide


Question: Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?

Choices:
A. Other stars are facing away from Earth.
B. Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.
C. Other stars are smaller than the Sun.
D. Other stars are producing less light.

Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.


Question: A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?

Choices:
A. It will introduce an invasive species.
B. It will destroy the fish habitat.
C. It will provide nutrients to algae.
D. It will change the water temperature.


Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a

Choices:
A. lunar eclipse
B. Moon phase
C. low tide
D. high tide


Question: A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?

Choices:
A. green
B. black
C. red
D. white


Question: Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?

Choices:
A. forms six-sided crystals
B. neutral pH
C. dissolves many substances
D. freezing and boiling points


Question: What causes day and night on Earth?

Choices:
A. movement of Earth around the sun
B. tilting of Earth's axis
C. rotation of Earth on its axis
D. movement of the sun around Earth


Question: Which process is an example of a physical change?

Choices:
A. wood burning
B. iron rusting
C. milk souring
D. ice melting


Question: The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is

Choices:
A. the sun
B. wind
C. the moon
D. gravity


Question: Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?

Choices:
A. cell
B. tissue
C. organ
D. system


Question: Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?

Choices:
A. thermal properties
B. mechanical properties
C. acoustical properties
D. chemical properties


Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes

Choices:
A. aerobic.
B. humus.
C. anaerobic.
D. compost.


Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?

Choices:
A. to determine the composition the Sun
B. to land on a planet in another solar system
C. to send a human to land on the Moon
D. to search for life on planets other than Earth


Question: A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?

Choices:
A. nervous
B. digestive
C. excretory
D. immune


Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?

Choices:
A. forest
B. tundra
C. swamp
D. prairie


Question: Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?

Choices:
A. Dinosaurs ate plants.
B. Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.
C. Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.
D. Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.

Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.


Question: Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?

Choices:
A. slightly higher than the first sample's
B. the same as the first sample's
C. twice as high as the first sample's
D. half as high as the first sample's


Question: A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: "Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells." Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?

Choices:
A. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
B. Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.
C. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
D. Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.


Question: A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?

Choices:
A. Producer
B. Herbivore
C. Carnivore
D. Omnivore


Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?

Choices:
A. dispose of the beaker and get a new one
B. use it and then return it to where he got it
C. put it back where he found it and get a new one
D. use it and then dispose of it


Question: The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the

Choices:
A. mass number.
B. chemical property.
C. valence.
D. electrical charge.


Question: In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?

Choices:
A. organ
B. organisms
C. cell
D. tissue


Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it

Choices:
A. reduces pollution.
B. saves time.
C. saves trees.
D. creates energy.


Question: What happens to climate and weather over a summer?

Choices:
A. Weather and climate vary to the same degree.
B. Climate varies more than weather.
C. Weather varies more than climate.
D. Climate varies, but weather stays the same.


Question: A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?

Choices:
A. The air heating the sidewalk
B. The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air
C. The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt
D. The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air

The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air


Question: Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?

Choices:
A. large eyes
B. broad wings
C. straight beak
D. smooth feathers


Question: Wood is considered a renewable resource because

Choices:
A. trees can be replanted.
B. there are many varieties of trees.
C. trees are used for many purposes.
D. oxygen is released by trees.


Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?

Choices:
A. ice cream melting in the sunshine
B. fog rising off a river
C. grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes
D. wood burning in a fireplace


Question: Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?

Choices:
A. respiratory and circulatory
B. circulatory and excretory
C. digestive and respiratory
D. excretory and digestive


Question: From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?

Choices:
A. organ, tissue, cell, organ system
B. cell, tissue, organ, organ system
C. organ system, organ, cell, tissue
D. tissue, cell, organ system, organ


Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?

Choices:
A. count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period
B. average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm
C. calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes
D. record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning

record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning


Question: How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?

Choices:
A. 7
B. 1
C. 3
D. 6


Question: In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?

Choices:
A. natural selection
B. selective breeding
C. asexual reproduction
D. behavioral adaptation


Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?

Choices:
A. Paint
B. Milk
C. Sugar
D. Smoke


Question: Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?

Choices:
A. Temperature and hardness
B. Color and mass
C. Thickness and texture
D. Shape and physical state


Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?

Choices:
A. circulatory
B. nervous
C. digestive
D. endocrine


Question: As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?

Choices:
A. sedimentary
B. magma
C. igneous
D. metamorphic


Question: Based on the organization of living things, tissues

Choices:
A. do the work of cells.
B. are made of organs.
C. are made of cells.
D. form systems.


Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?

Choices:
A. nervous
B. muscular
C. excretory
D. respiratory


Question: Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?

Choices:
A. on the bones
B. in the brain
C. on the skin
D. in the blood


Question: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?

Choices:
A. isolated cases
B. outbreak
C. epidemic
D. pandemic


Question: 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?

Choices:
A. the pull of Earth's gravity
B. the movement of plates on Earth's crust
C. the rotation of Earth
D. the direction of the wind


Question: Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?

Choices:
A. seasonal changes
B. eclipses
C. ocean tides
D. phases of the moon


Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?

Choices:
A. Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.
B. The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.
C. Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.
D. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.

Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.


Question: Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?

Choices:
A. energy for photosynthesis
B. carbon dioxide
C. pest control
D. oxygen


Question: Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because

Choices:
A. the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.
B. the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.
C. the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.
D. the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.

the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.


Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?

Choices:
A. a volcano
B. an earthquake
C. a landslide
D. an avalanche


Question: Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?

Choices:
A. volcanic necks
B. V-shaped valleys
C. lakes
D. deserts


Question: A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?

Choices:
A. cell wall
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D. chloroplast


Question: Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?

Choices:
A. the ability to attract insects
B. the ability to stop predators
C. the ability to store water
D. the ability to drop its leaves


Question: After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?

Choices:
A. Space is limited for growth.
B. Soil must be created.
C. Minerals are destroyed.
D. The quality of light is low.


Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of

Choices:
A. protons in the nucleus.
B. neutrons in the outer shell.
C. electrons in the outer shell.
D. electrons in the nucleus.


Question: In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?

Choices:
A. The energy is moved to another ecosystem.
B. The energy is trapped in dead organisms.
C. The energy is stored as food.
D. The energy is dissipated as heat.


Question: Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?

Choices:
A. tides
B. weather
C. seasons
D. gravity


Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?

Choices:
A. Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.
B. Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.
C. Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.
D. Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.

Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.


Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it

Choices:
A. has an odor.
B. has separate parts.
C. carries out basic life functions.
D. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.


Question: Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?

Choices:
A. Its mass increased.
B. Its temperature quickly increased.
C. Its color changed.
D. Its volume stayed the same.


Question: The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?

Choices:
A. Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.
B. Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.
C. Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.
D. Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.

Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.


Question: A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?

Choices:
A. 15 m/s^2
B. 4 m/s^2
C. 100 m/s^2
D. 25 m/s^2


Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to

Choices:
A. help make medicines from newly discovered plants.
B. develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.
C. aid research students who are studying complex organisms.
D. help patients spend less time in the emergency room.

develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.


Question: What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?

Choices:
A. sex cells
B. sperm
C. nutrients
D. fertilized eggs


Question: The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?

Choices:
A. numerous park areas
B. effective street lighting
C. efficient public transportation
D. frequent trash recycling


Question: Which is an inherited trait?

Choices:
A. short hair
B. dimples
C. scrapes
D. dirty fingernails


Question: How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?

Choices:
A. They both take in water from the soil.
B. They both store waste products in the plant cells.
C. They both make sugar in the leaves.
D. They both transport materials through the plant.

They both transport materials through the plant.


Question: In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?

Choices:
A. trees
B. gasoline
C. air
D. water


Question: Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?

Choices:
A. gravity
B. tides
C. the sun
D. the moon


Question: Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?

Choices:
A. lakes
B. forests
C. clouds
D. mountains


Question: Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?

Choices:
A. They evaporate into the atmosphere.
B. They are recycled back into the environment.
C. They change into different elements.
D. They die with the animal or plant.

They are recycled back into the environment.


Question: Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?

Choices:
A. Rocks are made of one or more minerals.
B. Rocks are made of two or more elements.
C. Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.
D. Rocks are made of magma and sediments.


Question: What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?

Choices:
A. increased fish populations
B. reduced water levels
C. more biodiversity over time
D. less oxygen available for fish


Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?

Choices:
A. crystallization and cooling
B. melting and cooling
C. weathering and erosion
D. heating and pressure


Question: Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a

Choices:
A. food chain
B. food supply
C. life span
D. life cycle


Question: Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?

Choices:
A. tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell
B. organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ
C. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
D. cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system


Question: A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?

Choices:
A. a mitochondrion
B. the Golgi apparatus
C. the nucleus
D. a ribosome


Question: All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of

Choices:
A. protons.
B. molecules.
C. isotopes.
D. electrons.


Question: Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?

Choices:
A. light
B. wind
C. electrical
D. mechanical


Question: As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?

Choices:
A. the release of oxygen from the plant
B. the division of cells in the plant
C. the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem
D. the transportation of nutrients from the roots


Question: Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?

Choices:
A. Newton
B. Dalton
C. Galileo
D. Copernicus


Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?

Choices:
A. respiratory
B. immune
C. digestive
D. excretory


Question: Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?

Choices:
A. impervious
B. resilient
C. unyielding
D. semipermeable


Question: Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?

Choices:
A. Cold flows from the ice to the tea.
B. Heat flows from the tea to the ice.
C. Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.
D. Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.


Question: Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?

Choices:
A. coexistence
B. predation
C. parasitism
D. mutualism


Question: A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of

Choices:
A. adaptive behavior.
B. inherited behavior.
C. instinctive behavior.
D. learned behavior.


Question: Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?

Choices:
A. sedimentary
B. metamorphic
C. metallic
D. igneous


Question: Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?

Choices:
A. Both affect weather.
B. Both form new kinds of rock.
C. Both are forces.
D. Both are forms of weathering.


Question: Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?

Choices:
A. ice sublimating
B. water evaporating
C. ice melting
D. water freezing


Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?

Choices:
A. lakes
B. rivers
C. oceans
D. polar ice caps


Question: When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms

Choices:
A. compounds.
B. ions.
C. protons.
D. atoms.


Question: The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?

Choices:
A. a star
B. a planet
C. a moon
D. a comet


Question: Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?

Choices:
A. to move water throughout the body
B. to transport gases throughout the body
C. to eliminate waste from the body
D. to provide structural support for the body


Question: When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring

Choices:
A. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.
B. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.
C. will be better able to adapt to the environment.
D. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.

will be genetically identical to the parent plant.


Question: The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as

Choices:
A. evaporation.
B. precipitation.
C. condensation.
D. translation.


Question: In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?

Choices:
A. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration
B. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations
C. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration
D. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations

across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations


Question: A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?

Choices:
A. sunglasses
B. binoculars
C. microscope
D. goggles


Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the

Choices:
A. depth of the oceans
B. age of Earth
C. cause of dinosaur extinction
D. structure of Earth's interior


Question: Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by

Choices:
A. reproducing.
B. staying in place.
C. preventing water loss.
D. catching food.


Question: Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?

Choices:
A. leaves
B. moisture
C. microorganisms
D. vegetables


Question: A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts

Choices:
A. an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.
B. a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.
C. an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.
D. a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.

an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.


Question: All living things contain which element?

Choices:
A. helium.
B. sodium.
C. carbon.
D. copper.


Question: A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?

Choices:
A. the time to begin
B. the type of thermometer to use
C. the temperature of the ice
D. the volume of the cup


Question: A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?

Choices:
A. record the weight of the soil
B. watch how quickly the soil drains
C. put the soils into different groups
D. compare how the soils are alike


Question: Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?

Choices:
A. evaluation of data by many scientists
B. Internet sites discussing star formation
C. laws passed by the government
D. pictures of stars of different ages


Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in

Choices:
A. meters.
B. meters/minute.
C. hertz/second.
D. hertz.


Question: Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?

Choices:
A. a large glacier forming on a mountain
B. strong winds wearing away a rock cliff
C. many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach
D. a major earthquake happening in a mountain range

a major earthquake happening in a mountain range


Question: Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of

Choices:
A. evaporation.
B. irrigation.
C. precipitation.
D. transpiration.


Question: Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?

Choices:
A. microscope
B. ruler
C. telescope
D. meter stick


Question: Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because

Choices:
A. incandescent light produces more heat.
B. incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.
C. fluorescent light has a lower frequency.
D. fluorescent light is a luminous light.


Question: What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?

Choices:
A. fall
B. winter
C. summer
D. spring


Question: Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?

Choices:
A. yellow
B. red
C. green
D. violet


Question: Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?

Choices:
A. g/cm^3
B. m/s^2
C. hr
D. kg


Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?

Choices:
A. The fossils changed locations.
B. A glacier once covered the area.
C. The area had a shift in climate.
D. The land was once underwater.


Question: Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?

Choices:
A. respiration
B. osmosis
C. mitosis
D. diffusion


Question: In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?

Choices:
A. solid
B. gas
C. liquid
D. plasma


Question: Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?

Choices:
A. rain shadow
B. land breeze
C. heat island
D. cold front


Question: How is the mass of an atom calculated?

Choices:
A. subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons
B. add the number of protons to the number of electrons
C. subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons
D. add the number of protons to the number of neutrons

add the number of protons to the number of neutrons


Question: Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that

Choices:
A. have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.
B. have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.
C. change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.
D. grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.

have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.


Question: Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?

Choices:
A. an ion
B. an electron
C. a neutron
D. a proton


Question: An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?

Choices:
A. increased average air temperature
B. decreased variations in day length
C. increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids
D. decreased rate of ozone layer destruction


Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?

Choices:
A. sense of balance
B. eye color
C. sleep patterns
D. sense of humor


Question: Snow turns to liquid water when it

Choices:
A. freezes.
B. condenses.
C. evaporates.
D. melts.


Question: Which energy source is nonrenewable?

Choices:
A. biomass
B. wind
C. sunlight
D. fossil fuel


Question: The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?

Choices:
A. weight
B. friction
C. gravity
D. rotation


Question: Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?

Choices:
A. cloud
B. rain
C. snow
D. vapor


Question: Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?

Choices:
A. Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.
B. Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.
C. Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.
D. Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.

Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.


Question: Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?

Choices:
A. Add leaves from other plants to the container
B. Subtract the mass of the container
C. Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container
D. Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days


Question: Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?

Choices:
A. As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.
B. As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.
C. As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.
D. As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.

As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.


Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?

Choices:
A. The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.
B. Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.
C. The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room.
D. Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.

The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.


Question: A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is

Choices:
A. slightly more than that of the flat paper.
B. slightly less than that of the flat paper.
C. the same as that of the flat paper.
D. much more than that of the flat paper.


Question: Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?

Choices:
A. from rocks
B. from air
C. from wood
D. from crops


Question: Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?

Choices:
A. Exposure to bacteria is increased.
B. Lung capacity is increased.
C. Parents respond by giving more food.
D. Parents are able to identify the nest.


Question: Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?

Choices:
A. electricity
B. friction
C. magnetism
D. gravity


Question: Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?

Choices:
A. Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements.
B. Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.
C. Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.
D. Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.

Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.


Question: Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?

Choices:
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
C. helium
D. hydrogen


Question: A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?

Choices:
A. The ball must have been going slightly uphill.
B. An object in motion eventually stops.
C. There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.
D. The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.

There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.


Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

Choices:
A. CO2
B. O2
C. C
D. CO


Question: A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to

Choices:
A. friction
B. gravity
C. sound
D. magnetism


Question: Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?

Choices:
A. gold
B. iron
C. mercury
D. aluminum


Question: A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.

Choices:
A. bare rock
B. forest
C. water
D. grassland


Question: Which is the best way to help protect the environment?

Choices:
A. do a science project about energy
B. pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch
C. wash hands before each meal
D. ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car

ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car


Question: An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.

Choices:
A. solar energy
B. potential energy
C. static electricity
D. mechanical energy


Question: If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be

Choices:
A. louder.
B. higher in pitch.
C. lower in pitch.
D. quieter.


Question: As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?

Choices:
A. wavelength
B. frequency
C. amplitude
D. velocity


Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?

Choices:
A. reflecting
B. diffracting
C. polarizing
D. refracting


Question: Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?

Choices:
A. The substance changes shape.
B. The substance changes phases.
C. The substance gets larger.
D. The substance forms a new substance.


Question: Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?

Choices:
A. magnetic pole reversals
B. atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes
C. radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core
D. volcanic eruptions


Question: Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?

Choices:
A. thermal
B. chemical
C. electrical
D. solar


Question: What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?

Choices:
A. The year would be shorter.
B. The day would be shorter.
C. The year would be longer.
D. The day would be longer.


Question: Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?

Choices:
A. reducing beach erosion
B. increasing water runoff
C. burning less fossil fuel
D. planting more trees


Question: Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of

Choices:
A. absorption.
B. reflection.
C. diffraction.
D. refraction.


Question: A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?

Choices:
A. flow chart
B. bar graph
C. data table
D. pie chart


Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?

Choices:
A. Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.
B. Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.
C. Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.
D. Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.

Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.


Question: Which is not an inherited trait in humans?

Choices:
A. blue eyes
B. calloused hands
C. long fingers
D. attached earlobes


Question: The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.

Choices:
A. giving the plants moisture
B. spreading the plants' pollen
C. strengthening the plants' root systems
D. cooling the plants


Question: The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?

Choices:
A. high frequency
B. fast speed
C. long wavelength
D. large amplitude


Question: A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?

Choices:
A. liter
B. kilometer
C. kiloliter
D. meter


Question: Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?

Choices:
A. They are produced constantly from nutrients.
B. They are replenished by sunlight.
C. They are cycled through ecosystems.
D. They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.


Question: A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?

Choices:
A. centimeters per second
B. meter per liter
C. milligrams per liter
D. seconds per gram


Question: Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?

Choices:
A. the depth of the soil
B. the size of pot used for growing the seeds
C. the number of days until the seeds sprout
D. the temperature of the water

the number of days until the seeds sprout


Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a

Choices:
A. mountain.
B. cave.
C. river.
D. delta.


Question: During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?

Choices:
A. to make a complete observation
B. to make a hypothesis understandable
C. to make a report of the procedures
D. to obtain data to test a hypothesis


Question: Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?

Choices:
A. an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions
B. an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation
C. a reduction in the rate of species change
D. a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects

an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions


Question: Which is an SI unit for density?

Choices:
A. kg/m^3
B. kg
C. lb
D. lb/ft^3


Question: In the United States, each day the Sun appears to

Choices:
A. rise in the west and set in the east.
B. rise in the east and set in the west.
C. rise in the south and set in the north.
D. rise in the north and set in the south.


Question: Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?

Choices:
A. paper
B. iron
C. plastic
D. wood


Question: During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?

Choices:
A. cytoplasm
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. nucleus


Question: A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to

Choices:
A. extinction
B. selective breeding
C. disease
D. dynamic equilibrium


Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?

Choices:
A. frogs
B. deer
C. snakes
D. eagles


Question: Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?

Choices:
A. to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission
B. to increase strength for moving around in the cabin
C. to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet
D. to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity

to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity


Question: With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?

Choices:
A. Cells move quickly.
B. Cells are small.
C. Cells have an electrical charge.
D. Cells are alive.


Question: Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?

Choices:
A. protein
B. oxygen
C. calcium
D. nitrogen


Question: Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?

Choices:
A. changing color and shedding fur
B. growth and development
C. hibernation and migration
D. building nests and communication


Question: Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?

Choices:
A. An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.
B. An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.
C. An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.
D. An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.

An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.


Question: When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as

Choices:
A. extinction.
B. overpopulation.
C. ecological succession.
D. migration.


Question: What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?

Choices:
A. clay
B. pebbles
C. sand
D. rocks


Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both

Choices:
A. make their own food.
B. are living organisms.
C. are non-living organisms.
D. need to search for food.


Question: The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?

Choices:
A. chemical impurities present as the processes occurred
B. temperature at which the processes occurred
C. amount of time passed since the processes occurred
D. pressure at which the processes occurred

chemical impurities present as the processes occurred


Question: What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. Its temperature varies greatly.
B. It becomes cooler and forms clouds.
C. It becomes warmer and forms clouds.
D. Its temperature remains the same.


Question: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?

Choices:
A. oxygen and sulfur dioxide
B. nitrogen and argon
C. carbon dioxide and water vapor
D. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen


Question: Volcanoes are considered constructive because they

Choices:
A. trigger earthquakes.
B. deposit lava.
C. cause erosion.
D. release gases.


Question: What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?

Choices:
A. it dissolves
B. it becomes warm
C. it separates
D. it floats to the top


Question: Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?

Choices:
A. The trees could not make flowers.
B. The trees could not make seeds.
C. The trees could not make leaves.
D. The trees could not make bark.


Question: Which statement describes the formation of a delta?

Choices:
A. A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.
B. A mound of sand is built by wind.
C. A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.
D. A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.

A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.


Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as

Choices:
A. a reactant
B. an element
C. an atom
D. a compound


Question: Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?

Choices:
A. mitochondria
B. nuclear membranes
C. DNA molecules
D. chloroplasts


Question: Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?

Choices:
A. protons, neutron, and electrons
B. ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions
C. nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels
D. nucleus, electrons, and quarks


Question: Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?

Choices:
A. dam construction
B. wastewater treatment
C. bottling water
D. collecting rainwater


Question: A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?

Choices:
A. mutualism
B. parasitism
C. commensalism
D. phototropism


Question: What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?

Choices:
A. how animals made a shelter
B. the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart
C. the color of leaves on a plant
D. how a species changed over time


Question: A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between

Choices:
A. hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment.
B. logic, evidence, and current knowledge.
C. measurement, form, and function.
D. changes, interactions, and formulas.


Question: A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant

Choices:
A. will have large leaves.
B. will develop many seeds.
C. resulted from asexual reproduction.
D. resulted from sexual reproduction.


Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?

Choices:
A. mass
B. shape
C. density
D. volume


Question: Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in

Choices:
A. crystals.
B. sedimentary rock.
C. metamorphic rock.
D. lava.


Question: Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?

Choices:
A. heat
B. light
C. electrical
D. solar


Question: While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?

Choices:
A. Protista
B. Eubacteria
C. Fungi
D. Animalia


Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?

Choices:
A. number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot
B. time of day and number of seeds germinated
C. size of seeds and amount of solution used
D. type of detergent and amount of solution used

time of day and number of seeds germinated


Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?

Choices:
A. The number of countries producing cars has decreased.
B. The need for custom manufacturing has increased.
C. The number of cars produced has decreased.
D. The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.

The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.


Question: Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?

Choices:
A. acceleration of the car
B. speed of the car
C. direction of the car
D. energy of the car


Question: Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?

Choices:
A. fossil fuels
B. hydroelectric dams
C. solar cells
D. wind turbines


Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?

Choices:
A. control
B. structure
C. suspension
D. propulsion


Question: Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?

Choices:
A. battery-powered radio
B. high-speed Internet
C. digital camera
D. electric car


Question: Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?

Choices:
A. carrots
B. chicken
C. rice
D. dates


Question: When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to

Choices:
A. smell the product that is being burned.
B. wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.
C. work near the sink to put out possible fires.
D. turn out the lights to see better.

wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.


Question: In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?

Choices:
A. floods
B. hailstorms
C. avalanches
D. blizzards


Question: Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?

Choices:
A. The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.
B. Both ants and aphids are unaffected.
C. The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.
D. Both ants and aphids benefit.


Question: Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?

Choices:
A. horses making trenches when they gallop
B. earthworms making tunnels under the surface
C. cattle making depressions with their hooves
D. sheep pulling up plants by their roots

earthworms making tunnels under the surface


Question: At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?

Choices:
A. by the type of item
B. by the person who located the item
C. by the soil layer where the item was found
D. by the size of the item

by the soil layer where the item was found


Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?

Choices:
A. increased desertification
B. decreased winds
C. global warming
D. the start of an ice age


Question: Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?

Choices:
A. asteroids
B. the Sun
C. comets
D. the Moon


Question: Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely

Choices:
A. similar to both copper and oxygen.
B. similar only to oxygen.
C. similar only to copper.
D. different from copper or oxygen.


Question: Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?

Choices:
A. digestive
B. respiratory
C. excretory
D. immune


Question: The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?

Choices:
A. argon
B. carbon monoxide
C. nitrogen
D. carbon dioxide


Question: Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?

Choices:
A. catching more than 20 fish in another location
B. catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon
C. catching more than 20 fish in the same location
D. catching more than 20 fish the next morning

catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon


Question: Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?

Choices:
A. Are dogs better pets than cats?
B. How many organisms have lived on Earth?
C. How many stars are in the universe?
D. In what type of light will a plant grow best?

In what type of light will a plant grow best?


Question: During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?

Choices:
A. chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule
B. potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell
C. kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions
D. electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose

chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule


Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?

Choices:
A. experimental group
B. control group
C. hypothesis
D. conclusion


Question: Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?

Choices:
A. magnet
B. thermometer
C. hand lens
D. graduated cylinder


Question: A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?

Choices:
A. control
B. variable
C. hypothesis
D. data


Question: Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?

Choices:
A. circulatory system
B. digestive system
C. skeletal system
D. excretory system


Question: Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?

Choices:
A. Animals adapt to new environments.
B. Insecticides may cause genetic mutations.
C. New species develop from survivors.
D. There is variation among individuals within a species.

There is variation among individuals within a species.


Question: A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?

Choices:
A. to use the same chart for recording growth
B. to use the same colors of lights
C. to do the investigation in the same room
D. to do the investigation at the same time of year


Question: A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?

Choices:
A. strong muscles
B. thick fur
C. sharp claws
D. large ears


Question: The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?

Choices:
A. plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters
B. the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere
C. solar radiation reflected from the Moon
D. many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire


Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?

Choices:
A. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms
B. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms
C. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
D. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms


Question: The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?

Choices:
A. wasp
B. fly
C. butterfly
D. moth


Question: Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?

Choices:
A. If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane.
B. If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.
C. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.
D. At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.

At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.


Question: Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?

Choices:
A. salt and water
B. waves and flooding
C. wind and tides
D. heat and moisture


Question: Abnormal cell division may result in

Choices:
A. tissue repair
B. cancer
C. metamorphosis
D. disease prevention


Question: What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?

Choices:
A. Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.
B. Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.
C. Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.
D. Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.

Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.


Question: The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?

Choices:
A. The Moon rises and sets.
B. Earth is tilted on the axis.
C. The Moon orbits Earth.
D. Earth orbits the Sun.


Question: Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?

Choices:
A. sound
B. light
C. water vapor
D. smoke


Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?

Choices:
A. power
B. pressure
C. work
D. momentum


Question: Which organ is made mostly of muscle?

Choices:
A. lung
B. brain
C. heart
D. ear


Question: Which is considered a property of soil?

Choices:
A. luster
B. fracture
C. texture
D. streak


Question: Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?

Choices:
A. plate tectonics
B. tidal forces
C. wind erosion
D. global warming


Question: Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?

Choices:
A. They reduce radiant cooling.
B. They act as a windbreak.
C. They insulate against cold air.
D. They optimize solar heating.


Question: Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as

Choices:
A. a mixture.
B. a compound.
C. a molecule.
D. an element.


Question: Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?

Choices:
A. Heat the mineral until it melts
B. Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile
C. Dip the mineral in acid
D. Weigh the mineral

Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile


Question: In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?

Choices:
A. excessive loss of coordination and memory
B. extreme thirst and weight loss
C. severe loss of hearing and vision
D. intense aches and spasms


Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?

Choices:
A. current
B. heat
C. magnetic force
D. wave motion


Question: During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?

Choices:
A. The gas is more dense than the air.
B. The gas is more visible than the air.
C. The gas smells different from the air.
D. The gas evaporates faster than the air.


Question: Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of

Choices:
A. neutrinos.
B. neutrons.
C. protons.
D. electrons.


Question: Which would be the best conductor of electricity?

Choices:
A. water
B. air
C. cork
D. silver


Question: Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to

Choices:
A. make an observation.
B. test a hypothesis.
C. write a procedure.
D. change a theory.


Question: Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?

Choices:
A. weight
B. mass
C. friction
D. tension


Question: Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?

Choices:
A. corroding silver
B. Burning match
C. Rotting vegetation
D. Melting ice


Question: Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?

Choices:
A. the tilt of Earth on its axis
B. the effects of solar flare activity
C. the rate of rotation of Earth
D. the relative distance between Earth and the Sun


Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?

Choices:
A. test tube
B. graduated cylinder
C. meter stick
D. balance scale


Question: An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of

Choices:
A. recycling nutrients
B. creating shelter
C. a transfer of energy
D. a defense mechanism


Question: Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?

Choices:
A. Doppler radar
B. barometer
C. depth scale
D. seismograph


Question: A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?

Choices:
A. There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.
B. The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.
C. The eye sockets faced sideways.
D. Four of the teeth were long and pointed.
E. The skull was much longer than it was wide.

Four of the teeth were long and pointed.


Question: Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?

Choices:
A. chickens
B. turtles
C. frogs
D. dogs


Question: Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?

Choices:
A. They move by changing shape.
B. They eat by phagocytosis.
C. They reproduce by mitosis.
D. They respond to light stimuli.


Question: Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?

Choices:
A. riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding
B. introduction of a non-native species
C. reduced daylight hours during winter
D. preventing the cutting of trees in forests


Question: Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?

Choices:
A. inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core
B. asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core
C. outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere
D. inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere

inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere


Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?

Choices:
A. Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.
B. Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy.
C. Nitrogen atoms are different ages.
D. Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.

Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.


Question: An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?

Choices:
A. carbohydrate
B. nucleic acid
C. lipid
D. protein


Question: Which is an example of water condensing? 1.

Choices:
A. puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon
B. Dew forming on plants during a cold night
C. Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise
D. Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun

Dew forming on plants during a cold night


Question: A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of

Choices:
A. runoff from sewage.
B. an underground river flowing to the ocean.
C. deposition of sediment.
D. an ancient glacier that passed through.


Question: Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?

Choices:
A. development of chemical rocks
B. development of extrusive rocks
C. development of layered rocks
D. development of folded rocks


Question: Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?

Choices:
A. The amount of methane increases.
B. The amount of water vapor increases.
C. The amount of carbon dioxide increases.
D. The amount of oxygen increases.


Question: Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's

Choices:
A. weather patterns.
B. magnetic patterns.
C. jet stream.
D. electrical discharges.