--- pretty_name: Goldset license: cc-by-4.0 language: - en language_creators: - found annotations_creators: - found source_datasets: - original multilinguality: - monolingual task_categories: - text2text-generation - text-generation tags: - code - software-engineering - program-repair - bug-fixing - evaluation - benchmark - python size_categories: - n<1K configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: test path: oracles.parquet dataset_info: config_name: default features: - name: repo dtype: string - name: unit dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: granularity dtype: string - name: spec_source dtype: string - name: spec dtype: string - name: source_before dtype: string - name: source_after dtype: string - name: test_file dtype: string - name: fail_to_pass sequence: string - name: committed_at dtype: string - name: parent_at dtype: string - name: license dtype: string - name: license_file dtype: string - name: also_in dtype: string - name: commit dtype: string - name: parent dtype: string - name: commit_url dtype: string - name: repo_url dtype: string - name: module dtype: string - name: units_changed sequence: string - name: diff_lines dtype: int64 - name: n_tests dtype: int64 - name: fingerprint dtype: string - name: id dtype: string - name: language dtype: string - name: validated_at dtype: string - name: validator dtype: string - name: schema_version dtype: int64 splits: - name: test num_bytes: 24592827 num_examples: 896 download_size: 4751353 dataset_size: 24592827 --- # Goldset **Verified bug-fix records for evaluating coding agents.** Every record is a real bug in public software, the fix its author wrote, and the test that fails before the fix and passes after it. A record is kept only once both runs have been observed, so what is published is a reproduction rather than a claim. 896 records from 352 projects, all Python, with fixes committed between 2010-06-13 and 2026-08-17. [Website](https://goldset.dev) · [Code and verifier](https://github.com/andysalvo/goldset) · [Datasheet](DATASHEET.md) ## Quick start ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("goldsetdev/goldset", split="test") # Single-function records whose fix postdates a model's training cutoff. subset = ds.filter(lambda r: r["granularity"] == "function" and r["committed_at"] > "2025-01-01") r = subset[0] print(r["spec"]) # what the code was meant to do print(r["source_before"]) # the bug print(r["source_after"]) # the author's fix print(r["fail_to_pass"]) # the test that tells them apart ``` ## Supported tasks **Defect repair.** Give a model `source_before` and `spec`, ask for a fix, and run `fail_to_pass` against the result. The test is the reward signal, so scoring needs no human and no judge model. **Defect detection.** Ask whether `source_before` contains a bug, using `source_after` as ground truth. **Harness and scaffolding evaluation.** Because the reward is executable, the same records measure how much of a score comes from the agent around the model rather than the model itself. ## Dataset structure One row per record. 355 isolate a single changed function together with its docstring, and 541 keep the whole changed file and use the commit message as the specification. Filter on `granularity` for the tighter kind. | field | meaning | |---|---| | `repo`, `repo_url` | the project the record came from | | `unit`, `module`, `units_changed` | the function or class under test, its importable path, and every unit the commit touched | | `subject` | the author's own commit message, unedited | | `granularity` | `function` for one isolated function, `file` for a whole changed file | | `spec`, `spec_source` | what the code was meant to do, from its docstring or from the commit message | | `source_before`, `source_after` | the code before and after the fix | | `test_file`, `fail_to_pass` | the test file and the exact pytest node ids that flip | | `commit`, `parent`, `commit_url` | the fix and the state it was broken in, permanently linkable | | `committed_at`, `parent_at` | dates of both, for filtering against a training cutoff | | `license`, `license_file`, `also_in` | the licence, the file it was read from, and any project the identical code also ships from | | `fingerprint`, `id` | stable identity, addressed by content | | `diff_lines`, `n_tests` | size of the change and how many tests flip | | `validated_at`, `validator` | audit trail | ## How a record is made 1. Find commits that changed source and tests together, in permissively licensed projects only. 2. Run the author's test against the code as it stood before the fix. It must fail. 3. Run the same test against the fix. It must pass. 4. Keep the changed function with its docstring, or the whole file when it does not isolate cleanly. About one candidate in ten survives. No language model is used at any stage. ## Verifying it The corpus is meant to be checked rather than trusted. ```bash git clone https://github.com/andysalvo/goldset cd goldset && python3 verify.py --sample 20 ``` `verify.py` shares no code with the pipeline that produced the corpus. It re-clones each project, checks out both commits, re-applies the fix commit's tests and runs them again, so it would catch a mistake the pipeline made rather than agreeing with it. ## Limitations - **A passing test does not mean a fix is correct.** It means the recorded test passes. That is the property this corpus guarantees, and it is a narrower claim. - **Not a random sample of defects.** It is the subset of real fixes that shipped a regression test in the same commit and could be reduced to one unit or one file. - **Python only.** - **We tested whether these bugs are harder for models than generated ones and the result did not replicate.** The claim is not made here. - **Contamination is possible.** Every record comes from a public repository and may already sit in a model's pre-training data, which is why every record is dated. Report the window you evaluated on. ## What is not in this release A further set of records is held back and not published. Projects are assigned whole to one side or the other, so nothing here can be used to work out what is withheld. A public evaluation set is contaminated the moment it is public, which is the reason for keeping a disjoint one. What is published here stays published. The CC BY 4.0 grant on this release is permanent and nothing is ever withdrawn. ## Licence and attribution Source excerpts remain under the licence of the project they came from. The full text of each project's licence, as it stood at the commit cited, ships in `licenses/`, because MIT, BSD and Apache-2.0 condition redistribution on the notice travelling with the code rather than on a link to it. Per-project credit is in `ATTRIBUTION.md`. | licence | records | |---|---| | MIT | 629 | | Apache-2.0 | 117 | | BSD-3-Clause | 81 | | BSD-2-Clause | 64 | | PSF-2.0 | 4 | | ISC | 1 | The added layer, meaning the validation results, schema and arrangement, is released under CC BY 4.0. Nothing in this corpus was authored by us. ## Citation ```bibtex @misc{goldset2026, title = {Goldset: verified bug-fix records for evaluating coding agents}, author = {Salvo, Andrew}, year = {2026}, url = {https://goldset.dev} } ``` **Maintainers:** if your project appears here and you would rather it did not, open an issue and it will be removed, no questions asked.