She had always been a talented painter, but after her loss, she found that she was no longer interested in painting pretty landscapes or still lifes.

Instead, she began to create dark, brooding works of art that reflected her inner turmoil.

One of her most famous paintings, "The Death of My Son," is a stark and disturbing image of a young boy lying in a coffin.

The boy's face is peaceful, but his body is twisted and contorted in pain.

The painting is full of symbolism, and it is clear that Mary is using her art to process her grief and anger.

Mary's shift in artistic style was not without its critics.

Some people accused her of being exploitative and insensitive.

Others said that her paintings were too depressing and that they should not be shown in public.

She believed that her art was important, and she wanted to share it with the world.

Mary's work eventually found an audience, and she became one of the most respected artists of her time.

Her paintings are now considered to be masterpieces, and they are still studied and admired by people all over the world.

Mary's story is a reminder that art can be a powerful tool for expression.

It can be used to process grief, anger, and other difficult emotions.

It can also be used to communicate important messages about the human condition.

Mary's paintings are a testament to the power of art, and they continue to inspire people to this day.

Wayɛ obi a ɔwɔ mfoninyɛ ho akyɛdeɛ, nanso n'ade hwere akyi no, ɔhunuu sɛɛ n'ani nye nsaase a ɛyɛ fɛ anaa nea ɛgyina hɔ ho mfoninyɛ ho bio.

Mmom, ɔhyɛɛ aseɛ yɛɛ mfonin tuum, ɔyɛɛ adwennwene dwumadie a ɛda n'awerɛhodie a ɛwɔ ne mu adi.

Ne mfoninyɛ baako a agye din, "Meba barima wuo," yɛ aberanteɛ kumaa bi a ɔda funu adaka mu a ada adi na ɛha adwene.

Aberanteɛ no anim yɛ dwoo, nanso ne honam akyim ɛnna akyea wɔn ɔyaw mu.

Mfoninyɛ no da nsɛnkyerɛnne adi, na ɛda hɔ pefee sɛ Mary de n'adwinneɛ no reda ne yea ne n'abufuo adi.

Mary adwinneɛ tebea a ɔdane kɔeɛ no wɔ ɔkasatia.

Ɛbinom bɔɔ no somoɔ sɛ ɔnam nsisie so nya mfasoɔ na ɔnni atenka ma afoforɔ.

Ebinom kaa sɛ ne mfoninyɛ no yɛ akomatuo na ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔyi no wɔ badwam.

Ne nyinaa mu no, Mary ante aseɛ sɛ ɔbɛsan.

Ɔgyedii sɛ n'adwinneɛ no ho hia, ɛnna ɔpɛsɛ ɔne wiase kyɛ.

Awieeɛ no Mary adwuma no nyaa ahwɛfoɔ, na ɔbɛyɛɛ adwinfoɔ a wobu wɔn no mu baako wɔ ne mmerɛ so.

Na wɔgye tumm sɛ ne mfoninyɛ yɛ adeɛ a ɛdi mu, na wɔgu so sua wɔn na nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa kamfo.

Mary abasɛm no yɛ nkaebɔ sɛ adwin bɛtumi ayɛ adwinnadeɛ a tumi wom a yɛda biribi adi.

Wobɛtumi de afa awerɛhoɔ mu, abufuo mu, ɛnne atenka foforɔ a ɛmu yɛ den.

Wɔbɛtumi de adi nkransɛm a ɛhia ho nkutaho afa nnipa tebea ho.

Mary mfoninyɛ yɛ apam ma adwinneɛ tumi na ɛkɔso hyɛ nnipa nkuran de bɛsi ɛnnɛ.


Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa.

It is bordered by Egypt to the north, Libya to the northwest, Chad to the west, the Central African Republic to the southwest, South Sudan to the south, Ethiopia to the southeast, and Eritrea to the east.

Sudan has a population of over 40 million people and a land area of over 1.8 million square kilometers.

The area has been inhabited by humans for thousands of years, and the first known civilization in Sudan was the Kingdom of Kush, which flourished from around 750 BC to 350 AD.

Kush was a powerful kingdom that controlled much of the Nile River valley.

In the 7th century AD, Sudan was conquered by the Arabs, who brought Islam to the region.

Sudan was ruled by a series of Arab sultanates for centuries, until it was conquered by Egypt in 1821.

Egypt ruled Sudan until 1885, when it was conquered by the Mahdi, a religious leader who led a rebellion against Egyptian rule.

The Mahdi's rule was short-lived, and Sudan was reconquered by the British in 1898.

Sudan yɛ ɔman a ɛwɔ Abibirem atifi -apueɛ.

Ɛne Egypt bɔ ɛhyɛeɛ wɔ atifi, Libya wɔ atifi-atɔeɛ, Chad wɔ atɔeɛ, Central African Republic wɔ anaafoɔ-atɔeɛ, South Sudan wɔ anaafoɔ, Ethiopia wɔ anaafoɔ- apueɛ, ɛnna Eritrea wɔ apueɛ.

Sudan wɔ ɔmanfoɔ a wɔn dodoɔ boro nnipa ɔpepem 40 ne asaase a ɛboro ɔpepem 1.8 prama meter apem.

Nnipa atena saa beaeɛ hɔ apem ne akyire, na atenaeɛ a ɛdikan a wɔnim wɔ Sudan ne Kush Ahennie no, a ɛyɛɛ fronfrom wɔ 750 BC kɔsi 350 AD mu.

Na Kush yɛ ahennie a wɔwɔ tumi kɛse wɔ Nile asubɔntene bonhwa so.

Wɔ mfeha 7 AD mu no, Arabfoɔ dii Sudan so nkunim, a wɔde Nkramosom baa mantam no mu.

Arab Nkramosomhene ahodoɔ na ɛdii Sudan so wɔ mfeha pii mu, kɔpem sɛ Egypt bɛdii wɔn so wɔ 1821 mu.

Egypt dii Sudan so kɔsii 1885, berɛ a Madhi bɛko dii ne so nkunim no, ɔsom kuo kannifoɔ a ɔdii Egypt amammuo sɔretia anim.

Madhi amammuo no yɛ tiawa, na British bɛko dii wɔn so nkunim wɔ 1898 mu.


My dear daughter, I know you've been wondering about the nature of light and darkness.

It's a big question, and one that scientists have been trying to answer for centuries.

But I think I can give you a simple explanation that will help you understand it a little better.

Light is a kind of energy that travels in waves.

We can see light because it enters our eyes and stimulates the retina, which is a light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

The retina sends signals to our brain, which interprets them as images.

When there is no light, we can't see anything.

Light and darkness are two opposites, but they're also two sides of the same coin.

Light is needed for us to see, but darkness is also important.

It also creates a sense of mystery and wonder.

So next time you're outside at night, take a moment to appreciate the darkness.

It's just as important as light, and it has its own beauty.

Me babaa, menim sɛ woredwene hann ne esum tebea ho.

Ɛyɛ asɛmmisa a ɛmu yɛ duru, ɛnna nea abɔdeɛ mu nyansapɛfoɔ abɔ mmɔden rehwehwɛ anoyie mfeha pii mu nie.

Nanso mesusu sɛ mɛtumi ama wo nkyerɛkyerɛmu tiawa a ɛbɛboa ama woate aseɛ yie kakra.

Yɛhunu hann ɛfiri sɛ ɛwura yɛn aniwa na ɛkayan nkatanimu no, a ɛyɛ hann nkɛntɛnsoɔ a ɛwɔ ani no akyi.

Ani nkatanimu no na ɛto nkra ma yɛn adwene no, na ɛkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ mfonin.

Hann ne esum bɔ abira, nanso wɔsan nso yɛ afa mmienu a wɔfiri beaeɛ baako.

Yɛhia hann sɛ yɛbɛhunu adeɛ, nanso esum nso ho hia.

Esum boa yɛn ma yɛgye yɛn ahome na yɛda.

Ɛsan nso de adwene a ɛfa ahuntasɛm ne anwanwasɛm ba.

Ɛnti mmerɛ foforɔ bi a wowɔ abɔntene anadwo no, fa mmerɛ kakra bi ma w'ani nsɔ esum no.

Ɛho hia tesɛ hann no ara, na ɛwɔ ɔno ankasa n'ahoɔfɛ.


His daughter, Marcela, was listening to music that he didn't approve of.

The lyrics were explicit and violent, and he didn't want his daughter exposed to that kind of material.

He tried to talk to her about it, but she just shrugged him off.

One day, Esteban was listening to the radio when he heard a song that he thought Marcela would like.

It was a catchy tune with a positive message.

He decided to burn a copy of the song and give it to her.

When she got home from school, he gave her the CD and told her to listen to it.

Marcela was surprised by the gift, but she was also intrigued.

She put the CD in her stereo and listened to the song.

She liked it so much that she listened to it over and over again.

The next day, Esteban asked Marcela what she thought of the song.

She told him that she loved it and that it had made her think about things in a new way.

He knew that he had made a difference in his daughter's life.

From that day on, Marcela listened to more positive music.

Na ne ba, Marcela, retie nwom a na n'ani nye ho.

Na ɛmu nsɛm yɛ basabasayɛ ne nnebɔne, ɛna na ɔmpɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛte saa bɛda adi akyerɛ ne ba no.

Ɔyɛɛ sɛ ɔne no bɛkasa afa ho, nanso wɔampene.

Dabi, Esteban retie kasanoma na ɔtee nwom bi a ɔsusu sɛ Marcela bɛ pɛ.

Ɔsii gyinaeɛ sɛ ɔbɛtwe ne nsɛso na ɔde ama no.

Berɛ a ɔfiri sukuu baeɛ no, ɔde CD no maa no na ɔkakyerɛɛ no sɛ ɔntie.

Akyɛdeɛ no yɛɛ Marcela nwanwa, nanso n'ani gyee ho.

Ɔde CD no hyɛɛ ne nwom afidie mu na ɔtiee nwom no.

Adekyeeɛ no, Esteban bisaa Marcela deɛ ɔdwene fa nwom no ho.

Ɔkakyerɛɛ no sɛ ɔpɛ pa ara na aboa no ama n'adwene afa nneɛma ho wɔ ɔkwan foforɔ so.

Ɔnim sɛ ɔde nsesaeɛ foforɔ aba ne ba no abrabɔ mu.

Ɛfiri saa da no, Marcela tiee nwom a nsɛmpa wom.


Question: My male neighbor complains of fatigue, sleep disturbances and thinks he has Sleeping sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis) and asks, Doctor, how can I manage this sleeping sickness, as it has been affecting my work schedule?

Answer: While I understand your concern about sleeping sickness and how it's impacting your work, it's extremely unlikely that you have it, especially if you live in an area where it isn't endemic (like North America or Europe).

Human African Trypanosomiasis is primarily found in rural Africa and is transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly.

Have you recently travelled to sub-Saharan Africa?

Your symptoms of fatigue and sleep disturbances are common and can be caused by a wide range of things, from stress and poor sleep hygiene to underlying medical conditions like sleep apnea, thyroid issues, or even depression.

It's crucial to see a doctor to get a proper diagnosis.

They will likely ask you detailed questions about your symptoms, medical history, travel history, and lifestyle.

They might also recommend some tests, like blood work, to rule out other potential causes.

Do not self-treat or attempt to diagnose yourself with sleeping sickness.

It's a serious disease that requires specialized medical care and specific medications.

Trying to treat it yourself could delay a proper diagnosis and treatment for the real cause of your symptoms.

So, to manage your fatigue and sleep disturbances, your first and most important step is to schedule an appointment with your doctor as soon as possible.

Explain your concerns and be honest about your symptoms.

They are the best resource to help you figure out what's going on and recommend the right course of action.

In the meantime, try to practice good sleep hygiene: maintain a regular sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, and avoid caffeine and alcohol before bed.

Asɛmbisa: Me neba berma tae kɔmplaini sɛ wabre, ontumi nda na osusu sɛ eye Nna yare (Nipa Abibiman Trypanosomiasis) na obisa, Dɔkɔta, sɛn na metumi amanagye nna yare, esiane sɛ eha m'adwuma nhyehye?

Nyiano: Mmere aa mete wo haw fa nna yare ne sɛnea eha w'adwuma asɛ no, entumi nsi sɛ wo wɔ bi, ne titriw ne mmeae aa enate nsi wo (te sɛ North America anaa Europe).

Nipa Abibiman Trypanomiasis ye ade aa yetae hu wo abibiman nkurasɛ na afei nso tsɛtsɛ fly ka wo aa na wɔbɛnya.

Watu kwan akɔ Abibiman nkurasɛ no bi mu?

Wo nsonsoansoɔ aa woho te sɛ obre ne nna aa wontumi nda no tae si na nneama pii na etumi de ba, fri stress de kɔ nna suban aa enye de kɔ apomuden mu nsɛm bi te sɛ 'sleep apnea', thyroid nsɛm, anaa 'depression'.

Eho hia sɛ wo behunu dɔkɔta na onhwehwemu yie.

Omo betumi ebisa wo nsɛm aa edimu de afa wo nsonsoansoɔ, apomuden abakɔsɛm, akwantuo abakɔsɛm, ne abrabo mu nsɛm.

Omo betumi nso aka sɛ ye nsohwe bi, te sɛ mogya adwuma, di ayi farebae afoforo bi efiri mu.

Menye sɛ w'ankasa be sa woho yare anaa enye sɛ wɔbɛhu nna yare wo wo ho.

Eye yare aa ano ye den paa aa ehia apomuden nhweso aa nimde wo mu ne nnuro potee bi nom.

W'ankasa woye woho aduru a, ebetumi ama wontumi anhu yare pa ara a ereka wo ho.

Enti, sɛnea yebeye aa yebe hoahoa wo bre ne nna aa wontumi nna no, w'anamontuo aa edi kan na eho hia paa ne sɛ wo ne dɔkɔta no behye da anim anim yi ara.

Kyerekyere wo hoaw no mu na ka nokɔre fa wo nsonsoansoɔ no ho.

Omo ne akade papa aa ebetumi aboa wo ama wahu nea ekɔ so na omo akyere wo kwan paa aa wɔbɛtumi afa so.

Mprenpren yi mu no, bo mmoden sɛ wɔbɛ fa suban pa wo nna ho: ye nhyehye fa wo nna ho, bo nna dwumadie aa ebe dwodwo wo, na mennom kafein anaa nsa ansaana wada.


Question: My female friend complains of bleeding, neck pain and thinks she has Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and asks, I hope it is not a dreadful thing?

Answer: Tell your friend to immediately go to a hospital or doctor.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a serious viral disease and requires prompt medical attention.

It's not something to take chances with.

Trying to self-diagnose or treat it is dangerous.

While bleeding and neck pain can be symptoms of CCHF, they are also symptoms of many other illnesses, some far less serious.

A doctor will be able to determine what's actually causing her symptoms and provide appropriate treatment.

Reassure her that getting checked out is the best course of action, regardless of the cause.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for CCHF and many other conditions.

Asɛmbisa: M'adanfo obaa kɔmplaini sɛ mogya tu nu, ne kɔn ye no ya na osusu sɛ owo 'Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic' Fiva na obisa sɛ, me susu sɛ enye ade aa ano ye den?

Nyiano: Ka kyere w'adanfo no sɛ ɔnkɔ aspiti anaa ɔnkɔ hunu dɔkɔta sisiaa.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic' Fiva (CCHF) ye yare aa etenetene ne mu aa ano ye den paa ara na ehia ayaresa amoron yi mu ara.

sɛ w'ankasa wo ka sɛ ewo wo ho anaa w'ankasa woo sa woho yare no nnye kɔraa.

Ewom sɛ mogya tuo ne ekɔn yaw betumi aye CCHF nsonsoansoɔ, nanso omo sanso ye yare afoforo bebree nsonsoansoɔ nso, ebinom ano nhyeda nnye den saa.

Dɔkɔta na ebetumi akyere ade kɔ potee aa ema no nya saa nsonsoansoɔ no na w'ama no aduru aa esɛ fata.

San hye ne nkuran sɛ sɛ yeeso no ahwe no ne ade aa esɛ fata sɛ oye, aa enfa ne nea ede ba.

sɛ yeehu no ntem na y'asa no ho hia ma CCHF ne yare afoforo pii.


Question: My male neighbor complains of jaundice, fever, bleeding and thinks he has Yellow Fever and asks, What are the causes

Answer: While your neighbor's symptoms do overlap with Yellow Fever, it's crucial to understand that self-diagnosing is dangerous, especially with a serious illness like Yellow Fever.

He needs to see a doctor immediately for proper testing and diagnosis.

Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus, which is spread through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito.

These mosquitoes also transmit diseases like Zika and Dengue.

It's not contagious from person to person.

Essԑntially, the only cause of Yellow Fever is infection with the yellow fever virus transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito.

It's important to reiterate that your neighbor needs professional medical attention.

His symptoms could be from a number of other illnesses, some serious, and delaying proper diagnosis and treatment can have serious consequences.

Asɛmbisa: Me neba berma kɔmplaini sɛ owo jondis, fiva, ne mogya tuo na osusu sɛ owo Akɔkɔsrade Fiva na obisa, eden na etumi de ba

Nyiano: Mmere aa wo neba no nsonsoansoɔ no kyere sɛ eye Akɔkɔsrade Fiva, eho hia sɛ ɔbɛti asɛ sɛ w'ankasa wooma woho yare no nnye kɔraa, ne titriw ne yare aa ano ye den te sɛ akɔkɔsrade yare.

Ohia sɛ ɔbɛkɔakɔ hunu dɔkɔta sisia ara na y'aso ahwe yie na yehunu adekɔ potee aa eye.

Akɔkɔsrade fiva nkwamoa na ede akɔkɔsrade yare no ba, aa Aedes aegypti ntomntom ne ka wo aa na wonya.

Saa ntomtom yi nso de yare be te sɛ Zika ne Dengue ba.

Nea ekyere ne sɛ, ntomtom aa owo bi nkɔaa na oka wo aa wɔbɛtumi enya saa akɔkɔsrade yare yi bi.

Kwan foforo biara nni ho aa ye de nya saa yare yi.

Eho hia sɛ yebe san aka sɛ wo neba no hia ayaresa aa efri nimdefo ho.

Ne nsonsoansoɔ no betumi efri yare afoforo ahodo bebree, ebi ano ye den, na sɛ oma ne hunu ne n'ayaresa no kye aa ebetumi de ohaw bebree aba.


Question: My female classmate complains of fever, chills, headache and thinks she has Malaria and asks, Malaria is more common with people coming from Mozambique.

So are you from there and how do you know you got it?

Answer: "I understand you're not feeling well and are worried about malaria.

It's definitely important to take symptoms like fever, chills, and headache seriously.

However, I can't diagnose you, and self-diagnosing can be risky.

As for your question about where I'm from and my health, I’d prefer not to share personal details.

The most important thing right now is for you to see a doctor to figure out what's going on and get the right treatment.

They can run tests to determine if it’s malaria or something else and give you the best advice.

Delaying proper medical care can be harmful, so please make an appointment as soon as possible."

Asɛmbisa: Me klasmate obaa kɔmplaini fiva, awo, tipae na osusu sɛ owo atiridii na obisa, omanfo aa omo wo Mozambique tae nya atiridii yare paa.

Enti wofiri ho na woye den hunu sɛ w'anya bi?

Nyiano: "Me te asɛ sɛ woho nfa wo na afei nso woyemhyehye wo fa atiridii yare ho.

Eho hia yie paa ara sɛ wonni nsonsoansoɔ bi te sɛ fiva, awo, ne ti pae ho agoro.

Nanso, mentumi nkyere wo yare kɔro, n'awankasa woo kyere nso betumi aha wo yie paa.

W'asɛmbisa aa efa faakɔ aa mefiri ne m'apomuden no ho ne de, menpe sɛ me kye saa nsɛm aa efa me ho no.

Nea eho hia sisiaa ne sɛ wɔbɛkɔ akɔhunu dɔkɔta na wahu nea eekɔ so na wanya ayaresa aa edi mu.

Omo betumi aye nsohwe de ehunu sɛ eye malaria anaa biribi foforo bi aa na omo ama wo afutuo aa edi mu.

sɛ wo ma ayaresa aa esɛ fata no kye aa ebetumi aha wo, enti yesre wo hye da sisia yi ara."


Question: My female classmate complains of fever, chills and thinks she has Malaria and asks, "What specific precautions or measures should I take to prevent malaria recurrence?"

Answer: Tell your classmate that it's crucial she doesn't self-treat and sees a doctor immediately for diagnosis and treatment.

Malaria can be serious, even fatal, if not treated promptly.

Suspecting malaria isn't the same as having a confirmed diagnosis.

Once she has seen a doctor and if she is diagnosed with malaria and completes her prescribed medication, these are some precautions she can take to prevent recurrence:

Continue preventative medication as prescribed: Her doctor may prescribe medication to be taken regularly during and after travel to malaria-endemic areas.

It’s crucial to adhere to the prescribed regimen.

Sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs): Ensure the net is properly tucked in and has no holes.

Wear long-sleeved clothing and long pants, especially during dawn and dusk: Mosquitoes are most active during these times.

Use insect repellents containing DEET (diethyltoluamide), picaridin, or IR3535: Follow the instructions on the product label.

Consider using mosquito coils or insecticide-treated vaporizers indoors.

Eliminate mosquito breeding grounds around her home: This includes removing standing water from flower pots, buckets, and other containers.

If travelling to malaria-endemic regions again, consult her doctor well in advance: They can recommend appropriate preventative medication and other precautionary measures based on the specific region and her medical history.

Be aware of potential relapse symptoms and seek immediate medical attention if they occur: Even after treatment, malaria parasites can sometimes persist in the liver and cause a relapse.

Again, the most important first step is to encourage her to seek immediate medical attention.

Asɛmbisa: Me klasmate obaa kɔmplaini fiva, awo ne osusu sɛ owo atiridii na obisa, "Eden potee na ɔbɛtumi aye di esi ano sɛ atiridii yare no nsan mma biom?"

Nyiano: Ka kyere wo klasmate no sɛ eho hia sɛ ɔno ankasa nsa ne ho yare naɔbɛkɔ akɔ hunu dɔkɔta sisia na yenhunu nea eye no na y'asa no yare ntem pa ara so.

Atiridii ano betumi aye den, ebetumi akum wo kɔraa, sɛ w'ansa no ntem aa.

sɛ woosusu sɛ wo atiridii no nte sɛ w'ahunu sɛ ampa wo wo atiridii yare.

sɛ ohunu dɔkɔta no na yehunu sɛ owo atiridii yare aa na owie aduru aa yede ma no no aa, wei ne nnema bi aa ɔbɛtumi aye di esi ano sɛ atiridii yare no besan aba biom:

Ontoa so nnom aduru aa yede si ano kwan aa yede ama no no: Ne dɔkɔta no betumi ama no aduru aa ɔbɛtae afa mmere aa ootu kwan akɔ ana w'asan afri mmeae aa atiridii yare no wo ho paa no.

Eho hia sɛ ɔbɛ fa aduru aa yede ma no no.

Da neti aa aduru wo ho asɛ (ITNs): Hwe sɛ wo de neti no ahye yie na tokuro biara nda ho.

Hye atade aa ne nsa ware na ne nan nso ware, ne titriw ne awia apue ne atoe: Ntomtom tae ba sa mmere yi mu paa ara.

Fa mmoa nketewaa nsianoaduru aa DEET ('diethyltoluamide), picaridin, anaa IR3535 wo mu di dwuma: Di akwankyere aa ewo so no akyire.

kɔnsida ntontom kɔil anaa vaporizer aa mmoa nketewaa nsianoaduru wo mu di dwuma wo dan mu.

Onyi mmeae aa ntontom tumi nyini fri ni fie ho:Nea eka wei ho ne sɛ ɔbɛyi nsuo aa egyina ho efri flawa pot mu, bokiti ne kɔntena afoforo mu.

sɛ osan etu kwana akɔ mmeae aa atiridii wo biom aa, one ne dɔkɔta ndi kan nkasa ntem paa ara: omo betumi akyere nsianoaduru aa eye ne nnema afoforo aa ɔbɛtumi aa egyina beae potee aa okɔ no ne ne apomuden abakɔsɛm so.

Ma w'ani nkɔ nsonsoansoɔ aa ekyere sɛ w'asan anya yare no biom na hwehwe ayaresa amɔnom ho ara sɛ eba aa: Wo ayaresa akyire mpo no, atiridii mmoa no betumi akɔso aha adwen wo wo brebo mu na asan ama wo anya atiridii.

Ebiom, anamontuo aa edi kan aa eho hia paa ara ne sɛ wo be hye ne nkuran sɛ on pe ayaresa amɔnom yi ara.


Question: What precautions should I take to prevent the spread of typhoid fever to others, particularly my household members or close contacts?

Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection that can spread easily to others through contaminated food and water or close contact.

Handwashing: This is the single most important measure.

Thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food, removes bacteria and prevents transmission.

Disinfecting Contaminated Surfaces: Typhoid bacteria can survive on surfaces.

Regularly disinfecting frequently touched surfaces like countertops, doorknobs, and bathroom fixtures with a household disinfectant helps prevent spread.

Food Handling Precautions: Individuals with typhoid fever should not prepare or serve food for others while they are ill and for a period after recovery as determined by a healthcare professional.

Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Sharing personal items like towels, utensils, and drinking glasses can spread the bacteria.

Each individual should use their own dedicated items.

Vaccination: Typhoid vaccines are available and can provide substantial protection against the disease.

Vaccination is recommended for travelers to areas where typhoid is common and for individuals with close contact with a typhoid carrier.

Prompt Treatment: Getting prompt medical treatment with appropriate antibiotics helps shorten the duration of illness and reduces the risk of complications and spread to others.

It's also crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve.

Asɛmbisa: Eden na me nnye nfa nsi typhoid fiva ano sɛ enka afoforo, ne titiriw ne omo aa ete me fie anaa eben me?

Typhoid fiva ye bakteria yare aa ano ye den paa na ebetumi aka afoforo aa enam aduane aa ebi wo mu so ne nsuo anaa nkitahodi.

Wei ne anosie nnema aa wɔbɛtumi aye no bi:

Hohoro wo nsa: Wei ne ade baakɔ aa eho hia paan.

Nsa hohoro aa yede samina ne nsuo ye, ne titriw ne sɛ wo kɔ tiafi anaa ansaana wo de wonsa bɛka aduane, eyi bakteria na enma ne nka afoforo nso.

Fa nnuro ka nnema anim aa ebi aka no: Typhoid bakteria no betumi enyini wo nnema anim.

Tae fa aduru aa eye ma efie ka nnema anim aa yede yensa aka te sɛ kantatop, pɔno nsa, ne adware akade na yare no anka afoforo.

Aduane Akɔkɔra Ahweyie: Nma nipa aa ewo typhoid fiva nnua aduane anaa nkye aduane mma afoforo mmere aa omo yare ene mmere kakraa bi wo omo yare no akyi sɛnea apomuden nimdifo bi bekyere no.

Enkye w'ankasa wo nnema: Wo kye nnema bi te sɛ towel, nkukuo, ne nsa glas aa ebetumi ama yare no aka afoforo.

Obiara nfa ɔno ankasa ne nnema nni dwuma.

Nsianoaduru pane: Typhoid nsianoaduru pane wo ho aa ebetumi abo wo ho ban kesɛ paa wo yare no ho.

Nsianoaduru pane ye ade aa eye ma akwantufo aa eekɔ mmeae aa typhoid tae wo ho paa ara ne omanfo aa ene omo aa neya typhoid adi nkitaho.

Ntemso Ayaresa: Wonya ayaresa ntemso aa yede 'antibiotik' eye aa ebetumi ate yare ne mmere so na afeis nso ebete ehaw aa ede be ba ne so ne ka aa ebka afoforo no so.

Eho hia yie paa ara nso sɛ wo bewie 'antibiotik' no sɛ mpo wo nsonsoansoɔ no so ti aa.


Question: My male coursemate complains of fever, chills, sweats and thinks he has Malaria and asks, I have had malaria for the 3rd time this year, Is there any preventive measures that can be taken?

Answer: "It sounds pretty rough dealing with what you think is malaria multiple times.

It's definitely worth getting checked out by a doctor each time to confirm the diagnosis and get the right treatment, because recurring fevers can be a sign of other things too.

Self-treating can sometimes mask the real problem.

As for prevention, there are a few things you can do, especially if you're in an area where malaria is common.

Using mosquito nets, especially ones treated with insecticide, is really important.

Also, wearing long sleeves and pants, particularly during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active, can help.

There are also insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin that are effective.

Some people also take antimalarial medication preventatively if they're traveling to or living in high-risk areas, but you should talk to a doctor about that to see if it's the right option for you and what type would be best.

They can assess your individual risk and make sure you're aware of any potential side effects."

Asɛmbisa: M'adesua mate kɔmplaini sɛ onya fever, awo di nu, ote nfifre na osusu sɛ owo atiridii yare na obisa, menya atiridii yare mprensa afe wei mu, akwan bi wo ho aa metumi di esi wei ano?

Nnyiano: " Wo nya atiridii yare mpren dodo ano ye den yie pa ara.

Eye pa ara sɛ wɔbɛma dɔkɔta ahwe na w'aso so pi sɛ w'anya bi na wama wo aduru aa ebetumi asa no, esiane sɛ fever aa etae si no betumi aye ade foforo nsonsoansoɔ nso.

W'ankasa woosa woho yare no betumi akata asɛm n'ankasa so.

Wo nsiano ho nu, nnema kakraa bi wo ho aa wɔbɛtumi aye, ne titriw ne sɛ wo wo beae aa atiridii tae si aa.

sɛ wo de ntomtom neti bedi dwuma, ne titriw ne nea yede 'insɛcticide' ahye mu, eho hia yie paan.

Afei nso, sɛ wo be hye ntaade aa ne nsa no ware na ne nan nso ware, ne titriw ne awia pue ne atoe mmre mu mmere aa ntomtom tae wo ho pa ara, betumi aboa.

Mmoa nketewaa repelants nso wo ho aa ewo DEET anaa 'picaridin' aa edi dwuma yie paan.

Nipa bi nom nso fa atiridii nsianoaduru di si ano mmere aa omo eetu kwan anaa omo te mmeae aa atiridii yare wo ho paa aramu, nanso ene wo dɔkɔta nkasa nfa eno ho na fa hunu sɛ eye kwan papa ma wo ne nea ebetumi aye yie ama wo.

Omo betumi ahwehwe w'ankasa wo risk mu di esi pi sɛ wo nim nsonsoansoɔ bone aa ebetumi efri mu aba anaa."


Question: My male neighbor complains of joint pain, vomiting and thinks he has Rift Valley fever and asks, What measures can I take to prevent further transmission of Rift Valley fever to others, especially considering its potential for spreading through mosquito bites or contact with infected animals?

Answer: Tell your neighbor he needs to see a doctor immediately to get a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Rift Valley Fever can be serious, and self-treating is dangerous.

While waiting for medical attention, he should take the following precautions to minimize the risk of spreading the disease (if it is indeed RVF):

Mosquito bite prevention: This is paramount.

He should use mosquito repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 liberally.

He should wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks whenever possible, especially during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.

Mosquito netting around his bed would also be helpful.

Eliminate standing water around his home where mosquitoes breed (e.g., flower pots, buckets, discarded tires).

Animal contact precautions: Avoid contact with any animals, especially livestock, that appear sick or are dead.

If he must handle animals (e.g., he's a farmer), he should wear protective clothing, including gloves and a mask.

He should not slaughter any animals himself and should report any suspicious animal deaths to the local veterinary authorities.

Raw milk should not be consumed – it must be pasteurized.

Hygiene: Frequent handwashing with soap and water is crucial, especially after handling animals or animal products.

Avoid touching his eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

He should also practice good hygiene when coughing or sneezing, covering his mouth and nose with a tissue or his elbow.

He should avoid sharing personal items like towels, eating utensils, and drinking glasses.

Isolation (to a reasonable extent): While complete isolation might not be necessary at this stage (before a diagnosis), he should limit close contact with others as much as possible until he sees a doctor.

This is particularly important for pregnant women, who are at higher risk of severe complications from RVF.

Emphasize to your neighbor again that these are precautionary measures and do not replace the need to see a doctor immediately.

A blood test is needed to confirm the diagnosis and appropriate treatment will be necessary.

Also, if he suspects he has RVF, he needs to inform local health authorities so they can monitor the situation and take appropriate public health measures.

Asɛmbisa: Me neba berma tae kɔmplaini sɛ ne gyonku ye ne ya, ofefe na osusu sɛ owo 'Rift Valley' fiva na obisa,eden na metumi aye di esi ano kwan sɛ mema obi foforo 'Rift Valley' fiva, ne titriw ne sɛ ewo tumi sɛ ebetumi atenetene no mu denam ntomtom so anaa mmoa aa enya bi dada so no?

Nyiano: Ka kyere wo neba no sɛ ohia sɛ ɔbɛhunu dɔkɔta sisia ara na ode ehunu nokɔre aa ewo mu ne ayaresa.

Rift Valley' Fiva betumi aye yare kesɛ, na w'ankasa woo hwe woho nu betumi aha wo yie paa ara.

Mmere aa oretwen apomuden nhweso no, onma n'ani nda ho wo nea edi so yi ho na onfa nte yare no ateneatene so (sɛ nokɔre sɛ eye RVF ampa aa):

Onfa ntomtom nsianoaduru aa ewo DEET, 'picaridin', anaa IR3535 ndi dwuma sɛnea ope.

Onhye ntaade aa ne nsa no ware, na ne nan nso ware, ne soks abere biaa ɔbɛtumi, ne titriw ne awia pue ne atoe mmre mu mmere aa ntomtom tae wo ho pa ara.

Ntomtom neti wo ne mpa no ho nso betumi aboa.

Onyi nsuo aa egyina ho wo ne dan ho, faakɔ aa ntomtom betumi awo bebree (te sɛ, flawa pot, bokiti, ne taya aa asɛi).

Mmoa nkitahodie anidaho: Ene mmoa ndi nkitaho, ne titriw ni mmoa aa yedi, aa aye te sɛ omo yare anaa omo awu.

sɛ eho hia sɛ ɔbɛ di mmoa ho adwuma aa (te sɛ ebia oye kuanii), onhye ntade aa ebe bo ne ho ban, aa gloves ne animnkataso ka ho.

Eni sɛ ɔno ankasa nkum mmoa na onka nkyere mpotam ho mmoa adɔkɔtafo no sɛ ohunu sɛ aboa bi awu aa onte asɛ aa.

Ma ne nnom milikyi aa yatwe nu foforo- omonfa nfa mashin mu ansa.

Ahote: Nsa aa yetae de samina ne nsuo hohoro ho hia paa ara,ne titriw ne sɛ woye mmoa anaa mmoa ho nnema adwuma wie aa.

Ma ne nfa ne nsa nka n'ani, ne hwene ne na no sɛ onhohoro ye aa.

Afei nso onbo mmoden ndi ne ho nni sɛ oobo wa anaa ohwintini aa, onfa 'tissue' anaa n'abasa nkata nano ne hwene.

Mma one obi nkye n'ankasa ne nnema te sɛ mpepaho, edidie nnema, ne glas aa yede nom nnema.

Wɔnkɔaa asɛtena (kɔpem gyinae aa eto asom): Mmere aa wɔnkɔaa asɛtena ho nhia saa mmere yi mu ( ansaana yehunu), onte one afoforo nkitahodie so sɛnea ɔbɛtumi kɔpem sɛ ɔbɛ hunu dɔkɔta.

Wei ho hia de ma mma aa omo nyem, aa omo wo kɔmplikashins aa ano wo den fri RVF mu.

San ka kyere wo neba no biom sɛ saa nnema aa yesɛ onye yi nsi ano sɛ ewo sɛ okɔ hunu dɔkɔta sisia ara.

Yehia mogya nsohwe di esi so pi sɛ nea yehunu ye nokɔre na yehunu ayaresa aa eho be hia ama no.

Afei nso, sɛ osusu sɛ owo RVF aa, ohia sɛ ɔbɛ ka akyere mpotam ho apomuden adwumayefo sɛnea ebeye aa omo betumi amonita asɛm no na omo afa amansan apomuden ndwumadie aa efata.


Question: My female classmate complains of fever, chills, headache and thinks she has Malaria and asks, Besides testing for malaria, are there any other potential causes for my symptoms, especially considering my recent travel history?

While malaria is a possibility, especially with travel to a malaria-endemic region, several other illnesses can cause fever, chills, and headache.

Depending on where she traveled, some of the possibilities include:

Other mosquito-borne illnesses: Dengue fever, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, and West Nile virus all share similar symptoms with malaria.

Viral infections: Influenza, common cold, COVID-19, and other viral infections can cause these symptoms.

Bacterial infections: Typhoid fever, urinary tract infections, and bacterial pneumonia can also presԑnt with fever, chills, and headache.

Tick-borne illnesses: Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and other tick-borne illnesses can cause these symptoms, though headache is less prominent in some.

Parasitic infections: Other parasitic infections besides malaria, like amebiasis or giardiasis (depending on where she travelled and what she ate/drank) are possibilities, though they often come with gastrointestinal symptoms as well.

Heat stroke/heat exhaustion: If she was in a hot climate and exerted herself, this could be a cause.

Other less common infections: Depending on the region of travel, things like leptospirosis or brucellosis could be considered, although these are less common.

It's crucial that she tell her doctor exactly where she traveled and what she did there (e.g., hiking, swimming in fresh water, eating street food).

This information will help the doctor narrow down the possibilities and order the appropriate tests.

It's important she doesn't self-treat and seeks professional medical advice.

Asɛmbisa: Me klas nii obaa kɔmplaini sɛ owo fiva, awo de no, na ne ti nso pae no na osusu sɛ owo Atiridii yare na obisa sɛ, wo sɛ wo be so ahwe sɛ wo wo atiridii yare no akyiri no, biribi foforo bi wo hpo aa ebetumi ama me saa nsonsoansoɔ yi anaaa, ne titriw ne sɛ wo hwe m'akwantuo abakɔsɛm nansa yi mu no aa?

Mmere aa ebetumi aba sɛ w'anya atiridii no, ne titriw ne sɛ wo tu kwan kɔ baabi aa malaria wo ho paa ara aa, yare ahodo bebree betumi ama wo fiva, awo, anaa ti pae.

Egyina faakɔ aa otuu kwan kɔ ye no, ebinom aa eka ho ne:

Ntomton yare afoforo bi te sɛ: Dengue fiva, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, ne West Nile virus nyinaa wo nsonsoansoɔ te sɛ atiridii.

Viral yare: Influenza, hwintinii yare, COVID-19, ne viral yare afoforo bi noom betumi ama wo saa nsonsoansoɔ yi.

Bacterial yare: Typhoid fiva, dwonso kwa mu yare, ne bacterial nemonia betumi nso ama wo fiva, awo, me ti pae.

Sommoro Yare: Lyme yare, 'rocky mountain spotted' fiva, ne sommoro yare afoforo betumi ama wo saa nsonsoansoɔ yi, emmom ti pae ntae mpue wo ebinom mu.

Parasitik yare: parasitik yare afoforo aa enye atiridii, te sɛ amebiasis anaa giardiasis (egyina faakɔ aa otuu kwan kɔo ye ne nea odi/nom ye so) betumi aba, emmom omo tae di ayamtuo nsonsoansoɔ na eba.

Ehyew strok/Ehyew obre: sɛ na owo faakɔ aa eho ye hye aa na obree ne ho aa, ebetumi de wei aba.

Yare afoforo aa entae nsi: Egyina faakɔ aa otuu kwan kɔ ye no so no te sɛ leptospirosis, anaa brucellosis betumi nso de aba, emmom wei ntae nsi.

Eho behia sɛ ɔbɛ ka akyere ne dɔkɔta no faakɔ potee aa otuu kwan kɔo ye ne nea oyee wo ho (te sɛ, 'hiking', odwaree wo nsu tene mu, odii abonten aduane).

Saa nsɛm yi bebia dɔkɔta no ama no ahunu nea ede ba na waye nsohwe aa esɛ fata.

Eho hia sɛ ɔno ankasa nnye ne ho aduuru na one adɔkɔta fo bɛkasa.


Question: My male coursemate complains of fever, chills, sweats and thinks he has Malaria and asks, What specific precautions or preventive measures should I take to avoid contracting malaria in the future, especially if I'm traveling to endemic areas?

Answer: Tell your friend to see a doctor immediately to get tested and treated if he does have malaria.

As for his question about prevention, here's what you can tell him:

Malaria prevention is multi-pronged and depends heavily on where he's travelling, as different regions have different mosquito species and resistance patterns.

He should consult a travel health specialist or his doctor for personalized recommendations, but generally speaking, here are the key precautions:

Antimalarial medication: This is crucial.

There are several different types, and the best one for him will depend on his destination, medical history, and other factors.

A doctor needs to prescribe this, and it's often taken before, during, and after the trip.

Mosquito bite prevention: This is the cornerstone of malaria prevention and includes:

Insect repellent: Use repellents containing DEET (20-50%), picaridin (20%), or IR3535 (20-30%).

Apply to exposed skin and clothing, following product instructions.

Long-sleeved clothing and pants: Wear loose, light-colored clothing that covers most of your body, especially during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.

Treat clothing with permethrin insecticide for added protection (don't apply directly to skin).

Mosquito nets: Sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, ensuring they are properly tucked in and have no holes.

Mosquito-proof accommodation: Stay in places with screened windows and doors, or use air conditioning to keep mosquitoes out.

Consider mosquito coils or vaporizers if needed.

Environmental control: While this is more of a public health measure, being aware helps.

Minimizing standing water around accommodations can reduce breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

Be aware of symptoms: Even with precautions, there's a small risk of contracting malaria.

Knowing the symptoms (fever, chills, sweats, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting) is crucial.

If he develops any of these during or after travel to a malaria-endemic area, he should seek medical attention immediately.

Early diagnosis and treatment are essԑntial.

Again, emphasize to your friend that seeing a doctor right away is the most important step right now for his health.

These prevention tips are for future trips.

Asɛmbisa: Me sukuu nii berma kɔmplaini sɛ owo fiva, awo, ote nfifire na osusu sɛ owo Atiridii na obisa, eden potee na ɔbɛtumi aye di esi ano kwan sɛ ɔbɛnya atiridii daakye bi, ne titriw ne sɛ ootu kwan akɔ faakɔ aa atiridii tae wo paa?

Nyiano: Ka kyere w'adanfo no sɛ ɔnkɔ hunu dɔkɔta sisia ara na yenso no nhwe na yenma no ayaresa sɛ owo atiridii aa.

Efa n'asɛmbisa wo nsiano ho no, wei ne nea metumi aka akyere no:

Atiridi nsiano ye nnema bebree na egyina faakɔ aa ookɔ so paa ara, esiane sɛ mmeae biara wo ne ntomntom bɔbɛa ne sɛnea omo ahuoden te.

One okwantuni apomuden nimdifo anaa ne dɔkɔta nkasa na onya nea ebetumi aye adwuma ama ɔno ankasa, nanso ne nyinaa mu no, wei ne nea ɔbɛtumi aye aa eho hiaa paa araa:

Atiridiinsiano aduru: wei ho hia paa ara.

Ahodo bebree woho, na nea ebeye ama no paa ara no gyina faakɔ aa ookɔ so, apomuden abakɔsɛm, ne nnema afoforo so.

Ewosɛ dɔkɔta na ema wo wei, na wo fa no ansaana, akwantuo ne mu, ne akwantuo no akyire.

Enma ntontom nka wo: Wei ne nea ekura atiridii nsiano mu paa ara na nea eka ho ne:

Mmoa nketewaa nsiano: Fa nsianoaduru aa ewo DEET (20-50%), picaridin (20%), anaa IR3535 (20-30%) di dwuma.

Fa fa wo honam so ne atade ho, di mmra aa yatwere wo so no akyire.

Ntade aa ne nsa ne nan ware: Hye ataade aa enkye wo, aa ahosuo no nnye tum aa ekata wo honam nyinaa ara so, ne titriw ne awia apue ne atoe aa ntomtom tae ba paa ara.

Fa permethrin nsianoaduru hye w'atade mu na enfa banbo nka wo ho (enfa nka wo honam).

Ntomtom neti: Da ntomtom neti aa yaye ho adwuma asɛ, na hwe hunu sɛ w'ahyehye no yie aa tokuro biara nna ho.

Beae aa ntomtom mma ho: Tena mmeae aa y'askreeni apɔno ne windo nu, anaa fa air kɔndishin di dwuma na fa yi ntomtom pue.

Susu ntomtom kɔil anaa 'vaporizer' ho sɛ ebe hia aa.

Mpotam Ahoahoa: Mmere aa bribi wo ho te sɛ amansan apomuden mmra no, eho nimde boa yie paa.

Wote nsuo aa egyina ho wo beae aa wote no so aa ebetumi ate mmeae aa ntomtom tumi nyini no so.

Ma w'ani nda nsonsoansoɔ no ho: wo twi wo ho fri ho kɔraa no aa, wɔbɛtumi adaho enya atridii.

Nsonsoansoɔ ho nyansa (fiva, awo,nfifire, ti pae, ntene mu yaw, obre, anisɔbɛre, nfie) ho hia.

sɛ onya saa nsonsoansoɔ yi mu bi wo w'akwantuo de kɔ faakɔ aa atridii wo paan no mu anaa akyire aa, onhwehwe ayaresa anim ara.

Ebiom, ka si so pi kyere w'adanfo no sɛ hunu aa ɔbɛhunu dɔkɔta sisia no ho hia paa ara ma n'apomuden.

Saa nsiano adwenpo yi ho hia ma daakye akwantuo.


Question: My male neighbor complains of fever, rash and thinks he has Dengue Fever and asks, "What specific precautions should I take to prevent dengue fever complications?"

Answer: Tell your neighbor that since he suspects dengue fever, it's crucial he see a doctor immediately for proper diagnosis and management.

Dengue can be dangerous, and complications can arise quickly.

While waiting for his appointment, he should:

Rest: This helps the body fight the infection.

Hydrate: Drink plenty of fluids, like water, electrolyte solutions, or broths, to prevent dehydration, which is a common dengue complication.

Pain Relief: He can take over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) to manage fever and pain.

Absolutely avoid ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), aspirin, and naproxen (Aleve) as these can increase the risk of bleeding, a serious dengue complication.

Monitor for Warning Signs: He should watch closely for any warning signs like severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding gums, rapid breathing, or fatigue/restlessness.

If any of these occur, he should seek immediate medical attention, potentially going to the emergency room.

Mosquito Control: Even though he's already likely infected, he should prevent further mosquito bites to avoid spreading dengue to others.

This means using mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and sleeping under a mosquito net.

Emphasize again that he needs to see a doctor as soon as possible.

This advice is not a substitute for professional medical care.

Asɛmbisa: Me neba berma kɔmplaini sɛ onya fiva, ntoboro na osusu sɛ owo Dengue Fiva na obisa sɛ, "Eden potee na ɔbɛtumi aye di esi dengue fiva ohaw no ano kwan?''

Nyiano: Ka kyere wo neba no sɛ esansɛ osusu sɛ eye dengue fiva no, eho hia yie paa ara sɛ ɔbɛhunu dɔkɔta sisia ama no ehunu adekɔ potee na w'asa no yare.

Dengue tumi ha adwen pa ara, na ne haw no tumi sori ntemtem.

Onhome: Wei boa nipadua no ma ne kɔ tia yare no.

Ma ne nnye nnwuma aa ebe ma no abre bebree.

Onnom nsuo: Onnom nsuo bebree, te sɛ nsuo, elektrolite solushin, anaa nkwan, sɛnea ebeye aa ne ho nsuo so nte, sɛnea etae si sɛ wo wo engue aa.

Yaw so te: Ეbɛtumi afa nnuru aa yeto no wo drug sotoo te sɛ 'acetaminophen'(Tylenol) de ate fiva ne yaw ne so.

Ma ne nfa ibuprofen kɔraa (Advil,Motrin), aspirin, ne naproxen (Aleve) esansɛ wei nom betumi ama mogya etu wo paa, anaa dengue haw kesɛ bi.

Ma w'ani nkɔ nsonsoansoɔ aa ebo wo nkae ho: Onma n'ani nkɔ nsonsoansoɔ aa ebi ni nkae bi te sɛ ayam yae aa eye den, otae fifi aa, mogya fri n'anum ba aa, ohome ntemntem, ne obre/neho teetee no.

sɛ wei mu biara si aa, onpe ayaresa amɔnom ho ara, ebetumi kɔraa ɔnkɔ emegensi dan mu.

Wei mo betumi akyere dengue aa ano ye den.

Ntomntom kɔntrol: Ewom sɛ wanya yare no dada no, onbo mmoden sɛ ntontom nka no na anfa dengue no anma afoforo.

Wei kyere sɛ fa ntomtom nsianoaduru di dwuma, hye ntaade aa ne nsa ware, na da ntomtom neti asɛ.

Si so biom sɛ ohia sɛ obaakɔ hunu dɔkɔta ntem pa ara so.

Saa afotuo yi nnye nsiananmu mma apomuden aa edi mu nhweso.


Question: My female friend complains of varied by disease and thinks she has Zoonotic Diseases and asks, What are the specific zoonotic diseases I should be concerned about based on my activities, lifestyle, and environment, and how can I prevent them

Answer: It's important to preface this by saying I am not a medical professional.

Your friend needs to see a doctor, not ask the internet, especially since she believes she has multiple diseases.

Self-diagnosing zoonotic diseases is particularly dangerous as some can be serious if left untreated.

I can give some general information, but it should not be taken as medical advice.

To answer her question properly, she needs to provide more information to a doctor.

However, some common zoonotic diseases and associated risk factors include:

Common Zoonotic Diseases & Associated Risk Factors:

Risk factors include spending time in wooded or grassy areas, having pets that go outdoors, and not performing regular tick checks.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Also tick-borne.

Toxoplasmosis: Caused by a parasite often found in cat feces and undercooked meat.

Pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk.

Gardening and handling cat litter are risk factors.

Rabies: Transmitted through the bite of an infected animal (e.g., bats, raccoons, skunks).

Risk factors include contact with wildlife, especially if the animal is behaving strangely.

Salmonella and Campylobacter: Bacterial infections often acquired through contact with contaminated food (especially poultry, eggs, and unpasteurized milk), reptiles, or contaminated water.

Ringworm: A fungal infection that can be transmitted from animals (especially cats and dogs) to humans through direct contact.

Psittacosis (Parrot Fever): A bacterial infection spread by birds, particularly parrots, parakeets, and pigeons.

Risk factors include handling infected birds or inhaling dust from their droppings.

Leptospirosis: A bacterial infection spread through contact with the urine of infected animals (e.g., rodents, livestock).

Risk factors include exposure to contaminated water or soil.

General preventative measures for zoonotic diseases often include:

Regular handwashing: Especially after handling animals, their food, or waste.

Safe food handling: Cook meat thoroughly, wash fruits and vegetables, and avoid unpasteurized dairy products.

Tick checks: After spending time outdoors, thoroughly check yourself, your children, and your pets for ticks.

Vaccinations: Vaccinate your pets against rabies and other diseases.

There are also human vaccines for some zoonotic diseases (e.g., rabies).

Pest control: Control rodent and insect populations in and around your home.

Avoid contact with wildlife: Do not handle or feed wild animals.

Be cautious around unfamiliar animals, especially those exhibiting unusual behavior.

Protective clothing: Wear long sleeves, pants, and closed-toe shoes in areas where ticks or other disease-carrying insects may be presԑnt.

Her concerns about having multiple zoonotic illnesses warrant professional medical evaluation.

It's possible her symptoms have a different underlying cause altogether.

Encourage her to seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Asɛmbisa: M'adanfo obaa kɔmplaini yare ahodo pii na osusu sɛ owo Zoɔnotic yare na obisa, eden ne zoɔnotic yare ahodo titriw aa ewo sɛ efa me ho enam dwumadie aa meye, obra aa me bo, ne beae aa mete nti, ne sɛn na mesi afa esi ano

Nnyiano: Eho hia sɛ medi kan aka sɛ menye ayaresa mu nimdifo.

Ewosɛ w'adanfo no kɔhunu dɔkɔta, mma ne mmisa abeefo ntentan no, ne titriw ne sɛ ogyi di sɛ owo yare ahodo pii no.

sɛ w'ankasa wo ma wo ho zoɔnotic yare ne ye hu paa ara esiansɛ ebi nom ano betumi aye den sɛ yanhwe ansa aa.

Metumi ama wo nsɛm ahodo pii, nanso enfa no sɛ eye apomuden afutuo.

sɛnea ebeye aa yebeyi n'asɛmbisa nano yie no, ewosɛ oka nsɛm dodo nkyere ne dɔkɔta.

Nanso, zoɔnotic yare aa etae ba ne ho nea ede ba bi ne:

Zoɔnotic Yare aa Etae ba ne Nea Etae De Ba:

Nea ede ba bi ne sɛ wo sɛi mmere wo mmeae aa ndua anaa grass wo ho, wo wo mmoa aa omo tae pie, na wo ntae nnye ntomoro nsohwe.

Rocky Mountain spotted fiva: Eno so ntomoro na ede ba.

Toxoplasmosis: Yehu no wo parasait aa yehu wo agyinamoa bini mu ne nnam aa enbene ye mu.

Apemfo ne omanfo aa omo immune sistem mu nnye den no na omo ehunu amane paa.

Kuayo ne agyinamoa bini akɔrakɔra tumi de ba.

Rabies: Aboa bi a wanya bi ka wo aa wo nso wo benya bi (te sɛ, nankwansre, rakɔon, skɔnks).

Ade aa etumi de ba bi ne sɛ wone mmoa aa omo ani so ye hye be di nkitaho, ne titriw ne mmoa aa omu suban ye hu.

Salmonella ne Campylobacter: Bakteria yare aa yetae nya fri nnuane aa asɛi ho nkitahodie (ne titriw ne nkɔkɔ, nkɔsua, ne milikyi aa enfaa mashin mu), reptail, anaa nsuo aa emu nnye.

Kakawerewere: Fungal yare aa efri mmoa mu (ne titriw ne agyinamoa ne nkraman) kɔ nipa mu sɛ omo ne omo di nkitaho aa.

Psittacosis (Akɔo Fiva): bakteria yare aa ntaban mmoa de ba, ne titriw ne akɔo, parakeet, ne pigins.

Nnema aa etumi de ba bi ne sɛ mmoa aa omo wo yare no bi akɔakɔa anaa sɛ woo home dust efri omo bini mu.

Leptospirosis: Bakteria yare aa yenya fri mmoa aa ewo yare no bi dwonso mu (te sɛ, nkura, ne mmoadoma).

Nnema aa etumi de ba no bi ne sɛ wo ho bɛka nsuo anaa efam aa asɛi.

Nnema aa yeetae ye de si zoɔnotic yare ano no bi ne:

Tae hohoro wo nsa: ne titriw ne sɛ wo kɔrakɔra mmoa, omo aduane, anaa omo bini wie aa.

Aduane ho akɔrakɔra papa: Nua nnam ma no nbini yie, hohoro wo nnobae ne vegetabel yie, na gyae sɛ woo nom milikyi aa enfaa mashin mu no.

Hwehwe ntomoro: sɛ wo sɛi mmere wo abontene aa, hwe woho, wo nma, ne wo mmoa no sɛ wɔbɛhunu ntomoro wo omo ho anaa.

Yi omo amoron mu ho ara na yi omo yie nso.

Nsianoduru Pane: Wo wo mmoa no nsianoaduru pane wo rabies ne yare afoforo ho.

Nipa nsianoaduru pane nso wo ho ma zoɔnotic yare no mo bi (te sɛ, rabies).

Mmoa nketewaa kɔntrol: kɔntroli nkura ne mmoa nketewaa dom wo wo fie no faakɔ aa wo ti mu.

Ene mmoa aa won ani so ye hye nni nkitaho: enkɔrakɔra anaa enma mmoa aa omo ani so ye hye aduane.

Hwe wo ho so yie wo mmoa aa wonnim omo ho, ne titriw ne nea omo suban nnye fe ho.

Banbo atade: hye atade aa ne nsa no ware, panti, ne mpabua aa ekata wo nan so wo mmea aa ntomoro anaa mmoa foforo aa ede yare baa tae wo.

Fa mmoa nketewaa nsianoaduru aa ewo DEET di dwuma.

Ne haw aa owo sɛ owo zoɔnotic yare ahodo no hia sɛ abenfo wo apomuden mu behwehwe mu.

Ebetumi aba sɛ ne nsonsoansoɔ na ohu no ye ade foforo kɔraa.

Hye ne nkuran sɛ ɔnkɔ pe apomuden nhweso anim yi ara.


Question: My female classmate complains of fever, chills and thinks she has Malaria and asks, What is the best way to treat malaria?

Answer: She needs to see a doctor immediately.

Malaria is a serious illness and requires a proper diagnosis and prescription medication.

Self-treating can be dangerous and delay effective treatment, leading to complications.

Tell her to go to a doctor or clinic as soon as possible to get tested and receive the appropriate care.

Asɛmbisa: Me klasmate obaa kɔmplaini sɛ owo fiva, awo, na osusu sɛ owo Atiridii na obisa, den ne kwan paa ɔbɛtumi de asa atiridii?

Atiridii ye yare aa ano ye den yie pa ara na ehia sɛ yebehunu no yie na yama no aduru aa efata.

W'ankasa wooma woho aduru no betumi aha adwene na ebetumi ama ayaresa papa no nso akye, aa ebetumi ama ohaw afoforo nso aba.

Ka kyere no sɛɔnkɔ hunu dɔkɔta anaa ɔnkɔ klinik sisia ara na ɔnkɔ nsohwe na onya ayaresa papa.


Question: My male neighbor complains of severe itching, blindness and thinks he has Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) and asks, Are there any over the counter supplements that I can use regularly to prevent this from going further?

Answer: Tell your neighbor that he absolutely should not attempt to self-treat suspected onchocerciasis with over-the-counter supplements.

There are no over-the-counter supplements that prevent or treat river blindness.

His symptoms (severe itching, blindness) are serious and warrant immediate medical attention from a qualified doctor.

He needs to be properly diagnosed and, if he does have onchocerciasis, receive the appropriate prescription medication.

Delaying proper medical care can lead to permanent vision loss and other serious complications.

He should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Asɛmbisa: Me neba berma kɔmplaini sɛ ne honam keka no yie paa, n'ani afra na osusu sɛ owo Onchocerciasis (Nsuo Anifra) na obisa, soplimebt bi wo ho aa ɔbɛtumi ato wo drug sotoo ɔbɛtumi atae di edi dwuma aa ebetumi ate wei so anaa?

Nyiano: Ka kyere wo neba no sɛ ma ne nye n'adwen kɔraa sɛ ɔno ankasa de drug sotoo nnuru besa ne ho yare efri onchocerciasis na osusu no ho.

Drug sotoo nnuru biara nni ho aa esa anaa esi nsuo anifra ano kwan.

Ne nsonsoansoɔ no (ahokeka, anifra)ano ye den na ehia sɛ ohunu dɔkɔta aa w'akɔdere ayaresa mu sisia ara.

Ewosɛ yehu yare no yie, na sɛ owo onchocerciasis aa, y'ama no nnuru aa esɛ fata.

sɛ oma ayaresa papa no kye aa ebetumi ama n'ani efra kɔraa ne ehaw afoforo aa ano ye den yie paan.


Question: My male friend complains of blood in urine, abdominal pain and thinks he has Schistosomiasis and asks, Is schistosomiasis associated to genetics; what I mean is, can this condition be passed from one generation to the other?

Answer: No, schistosomiasis is not a genetic disease and cannot be passed directly from parents to their children through genes.

It's a parasitic infection caused by flatworms called schistosomes.

You get it by coming into contact with contaminated freshwater where the parasite larvae live.

These larvae penetrate the skin and develop inside the body.

So, while family members might be at higher risk if they share the same contaminated water source, it's due to shared environmental exposure, not inheritance.

He should definitely see a doctor to get diagnosed and treated properly, as untreated schistosomiasis can lead to serious long-term health issues.

Asɛmbisa: M'adanfo berma kɔmplaini sɛ odwinso aa mogya wo mu, ne yafunu ye ne ya na osusu sɛ eye Schistosomiasis na obisa, wo tumi nya shictosomiasis fri w'abusua mu anaa; nea me pe akyere ne sɛ, saa yare yi betumi efri awofɔnom ho de akɔ wo mu mma ne abusua aa edi so so anaa?

Nyiano: Daabi, schistosomiasis nnye yare aa wɔbɛtumi enya efri w'abusua mu na awofo nso ntumi nfa nma omo mma.

Flatworms' aa yefre omo schistosomes na ede saa yare yi ba.

sɛ wo dware nsu tene aa saa 'larvae' yi wo mu aa na wɔbɛnya yare yi.

Saa 'larvae' yi wura wo honam mu na omo anyini wo wo nipadua mu.

Enti no, ewom sɛ abusuafo aa edware nsu tene baakɔ betumi enya saa yare di nanso, egyina mpotam nneama so, na enye abusua no na ede ma.

Ეnkɔ nkɔ hunu dɔkɔta na yenhu yare no yie na yenma no aduru papa, esansɛ schistosomiasis aa yensaa ye no betumi ama wo apomuden mu haw bebree akyire.


It's difficult to see a young person like Siti in this situation. Being so thin and needing tests like an EKG or stress test must be worrying for her, and having her young son, Michael, running around and causing a commotion only adds to the stress. It's clear she's trying her best, but it's overwhelming for both of them. Hopefully, we can get the tests done quickly and provide some support to make things easier for both Siti and Michael.

Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhunu aberanteɛ bi te sɛ Siti wɔ tebea a ɛte sei mu. Sɛ wofɔn yie na wohia nhwehwɛmu bi te sɛ EKG anaa adwendwen nhwehwɛmu no bɛtumi ama wo ho ayerayera wo, na ɔwɔ ba barima kumaa, Michael, a ɔretu mmirika na ɔreyɛ dede no bɛma wo ho ayera wo kɛse. Ɛda adi sɛ ɔreyɛ nea ɔbɛtumi biara, nanso ɛyɛ den ma wɔn baanu nyinaa ara. Anidasoɔ wɔ hɔ sɛ yɛbɛtumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu no ntɛm na yɛama wɔn mmoa bi na ama nneɛma ayɛ mmerɛ ama Siti ne Michael nyinaa ara.


**Nurse:** Good afternoon, Mr. Girma. How are you feeling today?

**Mr. Girma:** Oh, I'm hanging in there, nurse. Still a bit sore, but better than yesterday.

**Nurse:** That's good to hear. I'm here to go over your discharge instructions before you head home. Since you have a complex medical history, we need to be extra careful with your recovery.

**Mr. Girma:** I understand. It's never simple with me, is it?

**Nurse:** We'll make sure you have all the information you need. First, let's talk about wound care. You'll need to keep the surgical area clean and dry. We'll provide you with specific instructions on how to clean it and change dressings if needed.

**Mr. Girma:** Okay, I'll make sure to follow those instructions carefully.

**Nurse:** It's also important to watch for any signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or drainage from the wound. If you notice anything unusual, please contact your doctor immediately.

**Mr. Girma:** I'll keep a close eye on it.

**Nurse:** Regarding pain management, you can take the prescribed pain medication as needed. However, be mindful of any potential interactions with your other medications.

**Mr. Girma:** Right, I have quite a few pills to take already.

**Nurse:** We've reviewed your medication list and made adjustments to avoid any conflicts. Just make sure to take everything as directed.

**Nurse:** As for your diet, we recommend a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation, which can strain the surgical area. Drink plenty of fluids as well.

**Mr. Girma:** High fiber, got it. No more spicy food for a while, I guess.

**Nurse:** That's probably a good idea. And finally, please schedule a follow-up appointment with your surgeon in about two weeks.

**Mr. Girma:** Two weeks. I'll make a note of that.

**Nurse:** Do you have any questions for me?

**Mr. Girma:** Not at the moment. I think I've got it all covered.

**Nurse:** Great. If you think of anything later, don't hesitate to call us. Take care, Mr. Girma.

**Mr. Girma:** Thank you, nurse. I appreciate your help.

**Nɛɛse:** Maaha, Owura Girma. Ɛnnɛ wo ho te sɛn?

**Owura Girma:** Oh, me te ase, nɛɛse. Nneɛma yɛ me yaw kakra, nanso ɛyɛ sene ɛnnora.

**Nɛɛse:** Ɛyɛ asɛm pa. M'aba ha sɛ merebɛhwɛ akwankyerɛ a wɔde bɛma wo ansa na woakɔ fie. Ɛnam sɛ wowɔ akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm a ɛyɛ den nti, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yie wɔ w'ayaresa no ho.

**Owura Girma:** Mete aseɛ. Me deɛ, biribiara nnyɛ mmerɛ, ɛnte saa?

**Nɛɛse:** Yɛbɛhwɛ sɛ wowɔ nsɛm a ehia wo nyinaa. Nea ɛdi kan, ma yɛnkasa fa wo kwan a wobɛfa so asiesie ɛkuro no ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ so ma beae a wɔyɛɛ operehyin no ho tew na ɛhɔ yɛ wesee. Yɛde akwankyerɛ pɔtee a ɛfa sɛnea wɔhohoro ho ne sɛnea wɔsesa nkataho no bɛma wo sɛ ɛho hia a.

**Owura Girma:** Yoo, mɛhwɛ sɛ mɛdi saa akwankyerɛ no so yie.

**Nɛɛse:** Ɛho hia nso sɛ wohwɛ sɛ ɔyare biara te sɛ kɔkɔɔ, adehono, anaa nsu a ɛfi ekurono mu reba a. Sɛ wohu biribi a ɛte saa a, mesrɛ wo, frɛ wo dɔkota ntɛm ara.

**Nɛɛse:** Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛte yaw so no, wubetumi afa aduru a wɔakyerɛ wo sɛ wo nom no sɛnea ɛho hia. Nanso, hwɛ yie wɔ kwan a ɛbɛfa so ne nnuro a aka no adi dwuma.

**Owura Girma:** Yoo, mewɔ nnuro pii a ɛsɛ sɛ menom dada.

**Nɛɛse:** Yɛahwɛ wo nnuro no mu na yɛayɛ nsesaeɛ bi de akwati ɔhaw biara. Hwɛ na nom ne nyinaa sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no.

**Nɛɛse:** Sɛnea wo nnuane no te no, yɛkamfo nnuane a ntɛtɛ wom kɛseɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛkwati ayamtim, a ɛbetumi ama beae a wɔyɛɛ operehyin no nteteɛ. Nom nsuo pii nso.

**Owura Girma:** Nnuane a ntɛtɛ wom, mate. Mesusu sɛ menni nnuane a mmako nnim mo so nna kakra yi.

**Nɛɛse:** Ebia ɛyɛ adwene pa. Afei nso, mesrɛ wo, yɛ nhyehyɛe a wo ne dɔkota a ɔyɛɛ wo operehyin no behyia wɔ nnawɔtwe mmienu mu.

**Owura Girma:** Nnawɔtwe mmienu. Mɛhyɛ no nso saa.

**Owura Girma:** Seesei deɛ menni bi. Mesusu sɛ manya ne nyinaa.

**Nɛɛse:** Ɛyɛ paa ara. Sɛ wokae biribi akyire yi a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛfrɛ yɛn. Hwɛ wo ho yie, Owura Girma.

**Owura Girma:** Meda wo ase, nɛɛse. M’ani sɔ wo mmoa no.


My boss had asked me to review yet another report, but I had forgotten my glasses at home. I was already so far behind. I remember my hand shaking as I tried to pour a cup of coffee. I spilled it all over the floor and the new carpet, which they had just put in last week.

I went to the kitchen to find something to clean it up, but there weren't any paper towels. I grabbed some napkins from the dispenser, but they were too thin and just made the mess worse. I could feel the tears welling up in my eyes. I was so tired and stressed.

I decided to go to the bathroom to wash my face and calm down. But as I was walking down the hallway, I slipped on the spilled coffee and fell hard. My ankle twisted, and I cried out in pain.

I lay there on the floor for a few minutes, trying to catch my breath. I knew I should call for help, but I was embarrassed. I didn't want anyone to see me like this.

Eventually, a coworker found me and helped me up. She called an ambulance, and I was taken to the hospital. The doctor told me I had sprained my ankle and that I would need to rest for a few days.

But it wasn't just my ankle that was hurting. I felt like I was falling apart. I couldn't sleep, I couldn't eat, and I felt like I was constantly on the verge of tears. I knew I needed help, but I didn't know where to turn.

My doctor referred me to a therapist, and I've been seeing her for a few weeks now. She's helping me to understand why I'm feeling this way and to develop coping mechanisms. It's not easy, but I'm starting to feel a little bit better.

I'm still not back at work, but I'm hoping to be soon. I know it will take time, but I'm determined to get through this.

Me panin no ka kyerɛɛ me sɛ menhwɛ nsɛm foforɔ bi mu, nanso na me werɛ afi m'ahwehwɛniwa no wɔ fie. Na aka akyiri pa ara. Me kae sɛ na me nsa rewosow bere a na me rebɔ mmɔden sɛ mɛhwie kɔfe no. Mehwie guu fam ne kapɛt foforo a wɔde sɛɛ hɔ nnawɔtwe a atwa mu no so.

Mekɔɔ gyaade sɛ merekɔhwehwɛ biribi de abɛpopa, nanso na krataa mpopaho nni hɔ. Mefaa mpopaho kakra fii nea wɔde gu mu no mu, nanso na ɛyɛ tratraa dodo na ɛmaa asɛm no sɛee kɛse. Na me hu sɛ nusu reba m’ani so. Na m'abrɛ na m'adwene mu ayɛ me basaa.

Me sii gyinae sɛ mɛkɔ aguaree akɔhohoro m’anim na m'ayɛ komm. Nanso bere a na menam kwan no so no, me watiri kɔfe a ahwie agu no so na me hwe ase denneennen. Me nanpɔso firikyiieɛ, na me de yaw tea mu.

Medaa fam hɔ sima kakra, bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ mɛhome. Na menim sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ mefrɛ ma wɔboa me, nanso na me fɛre. Na mempɛ sɛ obiara hu me saa.

Akyiri yi, obi a ɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ huu me na ɔboaa me maa me sɔreeɛ. Ɔfrɛɛ ambulanse, na wɔde me kɔɔ ayaresabea. Dɔkota no ka kyerɛɛ me sɛ me nanpɔso afirikyi na ɛsɛ sɛ megye m'ahome nna kakra.

Nanso na ɛnyɛ me nanpɔso nko na ɛyɛ me yaw. Na mete nka sɛ me rebubu. Na mentumi nna, na mentumi nnidi, na na mete nka sɛ bere nyinaa no na nisuo ataataa me. Na menim sɛ mehia mmoa, nanso na minnim baabi a mɛnya afiri.

Me dɔkota no de me kɔɔ oduruyɛfo bi nkyɛn, na yɛahyia dapɛn kakra ni. Ɔreboa me ma m'ate nea enti a mete nka saa ase na m'apɛ kwan a mɛfa so atena mu. Ɛnyɛ mmerɛw, nanso mefi ase te nka sɛ me ho yɛ kakra.

Me nnya nkɔɔ adwuma, nanso merehwɛ kwan sɛ ɛrenkyɛ. Menim sɛ ɛbegye bere, nanso m'asi me bo sɛ mɛfa mu.


I am referring Michael, a 32-year-old city bus driver, to you for evaluation and management of post-concussion syndrome. Michael sustained a concussion two months ago after falling from a ladder while painting his house. He initially experienced headaches, dizziness, and nausea, which have largely subsided. However, he continues to report difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and irritability, which are impacting his ability to perform his job safely and effectively.

Michael is understandably concerned about his ongoing symptoms and their impact on his livelihood. He is a dedicated and reliable employee who takes pride in his work. I have reassured him that post-concussion syndrome is a treatable condition and that you are an expert in this field.

Given Michael's occupation and the persistent nature of his symptoms, I believe he would benefit from your specialized care. I have enclosed his medical records for your review.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Me de Michael a w'adi mfie 32, a ɔka bɔɔso wɔ kuro yi mu reba wo nkyɛn sɛ hwɛ no na boa wɔ n'adwenemu yareɛ no akyi no ho.               Michael nyaa pira wɔ n'adwene mu berɛ a ɔfirii atwedeɛ so bɛbɔɔ fam ɛwɔ abosome mmienu a atwam no berɛ a na ɔde akaadoo refa ne fie ho. Mfitiaseɛ no, na ɔte tipaeɛ nka, anisobirie, ne abofono, nanso ne nyinaa ano abrɛ ase. Nanso, ɔda so ara ka sɛ ɛyɛ den ma no sɛ ɔbɛtumi de n'adwene asi biribi so yie, ɔte nka sɛ wabrɛ na ne bo tumi fu ntɛm, na wei nti, entumi mma no nkɔ so nyɛ n'adwuma yie sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ.

Yɛte Michael ase sɛ n'adwene nyinaa wɔ nsɛnkyerɛneɛ a ɛrekosoɔ ne nsunsuansoɔ a ɛbɛnya wɔ n'abrabɔ so. Ɔyɛ dwumayɛni a watu ne ho asi hɔ na wobɛtumi de wo ho ato ne so a n'ani gye n'adwumayɛ ho. M'ahyɛ no bɔ sɛ yareɛ a ɛba wɔ adwenemu pira akyire no yɛ deɛ yɛtumi sa na woyɛ ɔbenfo wɔ saa beaeɛ yi.

Esiane Michael adwuma ne n'apɔmuden tebea yi nti, megyedi sɛ ɔbɛnya ɔhwɛ soronko. Me de n'ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm aka ho sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛtumi ahwɛ..

Meda wo ase wɔ wo berɛ ne wo mmoa a wo de bɛma no ho.


I know you're dealing with some blurry or double vision lately, and it's been tough. I'm writing you this note to help you explain things to your boss so you can take some time off work to get checked out properly.

With everything else you've got going on health-wise, it's important we figure out what's causing this vision issue. It could be related to some of your other conditions, or maybe something new entirely. Either way, we need to get to the bottom of it so you can get back to feeling your best.

Take this note to your boss and let them know you need some time off for appointments and possibly some rest. Don't worry about work right now; your health comes first. We'll get this sorted out together.

Menim sɛ nnoɔma ayɛ kusuu wɔ w'ani so anaa wohunu nnoɔma mmienu mmienu nansa yi, na ɛyɛ den pa ara. Meretwerɛ saa krataa yi ama wo na aboa ama woatumi akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm no mu yie ama w'adwuma mu panin no sɛ wo hia berɛ kakra de akɔhwɛ wo ho yie.

Nneɛma a worefa mu wɔ wo apɔmuden mu no, ɛho hia sɛ yɛhunu deɛ ɛrekɔso wɔ w'adehunu mu no ho. Ɛbɛtumi akyerɛ sɛ ɛka nneɛma bi a ɛrekɔso wɔ wo nipadua mu no, anaa biribi foforɔ koraa. Akwan biara a ɛbɛfa so no, ɛwɔ sɛ yɛhunu deɛ ɛrekɔso no sɛdeɛ wobɛtumi anya wo ho.

Fa krataa yi kɔma wo w'adwuma mu panin na ma no nte aseɛ sɛ wo hia berɛ de akɔhwɛ wo ho na woanya ahomegyeɛ nso. Nnwene w'adwuma ho seesei; w'apɔmuden na ɛhia. Yɛbɛbɔ mmɔden ayɛ no yie.


1. Clean the area. Wash the area with soap and water.

2. Apply a cold compress. Use a cloth dampened with cold water or filled with ice. This helps reduce pain and swelling. If the injury is on an arm or leg, elevate it.

3. Apply cream, gel or lotion. Use 0.5% or 1% hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion or a baking soda paste to the bite or sting several times daily until your symptoms go away.

4. Take an oral antihistamine. Use an oral antihistamine (Benadryl, Chlor-Trimeton, others) to reduce itching.

Also, in addition to these instructions, we would strongly advise you to try to lose weight by cutting down on calories and being more physically active. We also advise you to have a blood test to determine your cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Please schedule an appointment for the blood test at your earliest convenience.

1. Hohoro baeɛ hɔ. Fa samina ne nsuo hohoro hɔ.

2. Fa biribi nwunu to so. Fa ntoma a wɔde nsuonwunu afɔ mu anaa nsuo a asukɔtwea wɔ mu. Wei bɛboa ama ɔyaw no ne ahonhono no so ate. Sɛ ɛyɛ wo nsa anaa wo nan na ɛrehaw wo a, ma so kɔ soro.

3. Fa nkuu, gɛɛle anaa loohyin fefa yareɛ so fa so. Fa 0.5% anaa 1% 'hydrocortisone' nkuu, calamine loohyin anaa nnuro a soda kakra wɔm a yɛde fefa yareɛ so fa nea aboa no kaeɛ no anaa nea ɔboeɛ no so mpɛn pii da biara kɔsi sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo.

4. Nom 'antihistamine' aduro. Nom 'antihistamine' aduro ('Benadryl, Chlor-Trimeton', ne nea ɛkeka ho) ma hene no so nte.

Afei nso, ɛka saa akwankyerɛ yi ho no, yɛtu wo fo kɛseɛ sɛ bɔ mmɔden na te wo so na nea wobeyɛ ne sɛ wobɛte aduane a wodie no so na tenetene wo mpɔ mu nso. Afei yɛtu wo fo sɛ ma wɔnyɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔnhwɛ sradeɛ ne asikyire a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Yɛsrɛ wo, sɛ wonya kwan a, bra ma wɔnyɛ saa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi mma wo.


Doctor, I've been having a bit of trouble with my hearing lately. It started with needing the TV louder, but lately, I've been struggling to follow conversations, especially when there's background noise like in restaurants or when the grandkids are all talking at once. My wife, Martha, says I'm asking her to repeat herself a lot, and honestly, I've missed a few things she's said because I didn't quite catch it the first time. It's getting frustrating, and I don't want to miss out on what's going on around me. I'm hoping this screening can tell us if there's something we can do about it.

Dɔkota, nansa yi no, m'aso nte asɛm yie. Ɛfirii aseɛ no, mehiaa sɛ mebue TV no kasa no ma ano yɛ den, nanso nansa yi, ɛyɛ den ma me sɛ mɛtumi adi nkɔmɔ, titire ne berɛ a dede wɔ akyire, te sɛ deɛ ɛwɔ adidibea anaa berɛ a me nananom nyinaa rekasa pɛnkoro no. Me yere Martha ka sɛ, metae srɛ no sɛ ɔnsi nsɛm a waka no so mma me bio, na nokorɛ mu no, mewerɛ afiri nsɛm bi a waka akyerɛ me no ɛfirisɛ m'ante no yie wɔ berɛ a ɛdikan no mu. Ɛreyɛ awerɛhoɔ, na mempɛ sɛ menhunu deɛ ɛrekɔso wɔ me nkyɛn. Merehwɛ kwan sɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bɛkyerɛ yɛn sɛ ebia biribi wɔ hɔ a yɛbɛtumi ayɛ afa ho a.


Welcome to our genomics clinic! You may be wondering what to expect during your visit today. Genomics is the study of all your genes, which are the instructions your body uses to grow and function. Our team will talk to you about your family health history and may recommend genetic testing.

Genetic testing can help us understand your risk for certain health conditions. It involves taking a sample of your blood or saliva. The results can provide valuable information for you and your healthcare providers.

Please remember that genetic testing is a personal decision. We are here to answer any questions you may have and support you in making informed choices about your health. Our team includes genetic counselors who can explain complex information in a way that is easy to understand.

We also have resources available to help you connect with support groups and other organizations. Your health and well-being are our top priority. Thank you for choosing our clinic for your care. We look forward to working with you!

Akwaaba ma yɛn ayaresabea yɛhwehwɛ sedeɛ nipadua no teɛ (gyɛnomikse)! Ebia woredwene deɛ wobɛhwɛ kwan wɔ wo nsrahwɛ no mu ɛnnɛ. Gyɛnomikse yɛ adesua a ɛfa wo gyense (genes) nyinaa ara ho, a ɛyɛ akwankyerɛ a wo nipadua fa so nyini na ɛyɛ adwuma. Yɛn kuo no ne wo bɛkasa afa w'abusua apɔmuden abakɔsɛm ho na wɔbɛtumi akyerɛ sɛ yɛnyɛ nhwehwɛmu mfa wo gyense no ho.

Gyense mu nhwehwɛmu no bɛtumi aboa yɛn ma yɛate asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ ma apɔmuden tebea pɔtee bi ase. Ɛhwehwɛ sɛ yɛgye wo mogya anaa ntasuo kakra. Nsunsuansoɔ no bɛtumi ama wo ne w'apɔmuden adwumayɛfoɔ nkransɛm a ɛsombo.

Yɛserɛ wo, kae sɛ gyense nhwehwɛmu yɛ obi ankasa agyinasie. Yɛwɔ ha sɛ yɛbɛbua nsɛmmisa biara a ebia wowɔ na yɛaboa wo ama woasisi agyina pa wɔ w'apɔmuden ho. Yɛn kuo no kura gyɛnɛtikse afotufoɔ a wɔbɛtumi akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm a emu yɛ den mu wɔ kwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛ so ama woate aseɛ yie.

Yɛsan nso wɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛbɛboa wo ama w ane mmoa akuo ne adwumakuo afoforɔ adi nkitaho. W'apɔmuden ne wo yiedie ne yɛn adeɛ a ɛdi kan. Yɛda wo ase sɛ woapaw yɛn ayaresabea ama wo hwɛ. Yɛrehwɛ kwan sɛ yɛne wo bɛyɛ adwuma!


Patient reports no acute complaints at today's visit. He is compliant with his prescribed medication regimen and denies any side effects. Review of systems is negative for chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, palpitations, or syncope. He reports maintaining his usual level of physical activity without difficulty.

BP 130/80 mmHg, HR 72 bpm, RR 16 bpm, Temp 98.4°F, SpO2 98% on room air. Patient appears well-developed, well-nourished, and in no acute distress. Cardiovascular exam reveals a regular rate and rhythm with no murmurs, rubs, or gallops. Point of maximal impulse is non-displaced. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Extremities are warm and well-perfused with no edema.

Cardiomyopathy, stable. Patient is clinically stable on current medical therapy. We will continue his current regimen of lisinopril 10mg daily and metoprolol succinate 25mg daily. Echocardiogram is scheduled for next month to assess cardiac function. Patient was advised to follow up in 3 months or sooner if symptoms worsen. He was also counseled on the importance of maintaining a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise. Given his profession, we discussed zoonotic disease risks, though none are currently suspected to be contributing to his cardiac condition. Standard precautions remain advised.

Ɔyarefoɔ no ka sɛ ɔwɔ haw bi ɛnnɛ. Ɔfa n'aduro sɛdeɛ yɛakyerɛ no no na ɔka sɛ ɔnnyaa haw biara mfirii aduro no mu. Nhwehwɛmu a yɛyɛɛ no kyerɛ sɛ yaw biara nni ne koko mu, ɔnni haw wɔ home mu berɛ a ɔda hɔ, anadwo nso ɔntaa nnya home ho haw, ne n'akoma mmɔ ntɛmntɛm, na ne werɛ mfiri ne ho. Ɔka sɛ ɔtumi yɛ ne daa daa apɔmutenetene a ɔnnya haw biara.

BP 130/80 mmHg, HR 72 bpm, RR 16 bpm, Temp 98.4°F, SpO2 98% wɔ mframa mu. Ɔyarefoɔ no ho niipadua yɛ fɛ, ɔdidi yie, na onni haw biara. Akoma mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ n'akoma bɔ yie a ɛnni haw biara. Ne home beaɛ no kɔ so yie. N'ahrawa mu te, berɛ a na yɛretie no. N'apɔmu yɛ hye na mogya mframa pa wɔ mu di aforosiane yie a adeɛ biara nhonoo no.

Akomayareɛ, ɛte nea ɛteɛ. Ɔyarefoɔ no ho te apɔ wɔ ayaresa a ɔwɔ mu no mu. Yɛbɛkɔ so de lisinopril 10mg a ɔnom da biara ne metoprolol succinate 25mg a ɔnom da biara no ama no. Yɛahyehyɛ sɛ yɛbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu bosome a ɛreba yi de ahwɛ n'akoma dwumadie. Yɛtuu ɔyarefoɔ no fo sɛ ɔmmra bio wɔ abosome 3 mu anaa ntɛm sɛ n'apɔmuden tebea sɛe a. Yɛka kyerɛɛ no sɛ ɛho hia sɛ ɔdi nnuane a ɛyɛ ma akoma no na ɔtenetene ne mpɔ mu daa. Esiane n'adwuma nti, yɛakasa afa mmoa yareɛ ho, ɛwom sɛ yɛnnwene sɛ ebi na ɛrema n'akomayareɛ no deɛ. Yɛaka akyerɛ no sɛ ɔmmɔ ne ho ban.


Flu shots are like tiny shields for your body against the flu virus. They teach your immune system how to fight the flu so you don't get sick, or if you do, it's much milder.  It's a quick and simple way to protect yourself and your loved ones, especially during flu season.

Getting the flu from the shot: This is a myth! Flu shots are made from inactive virus parts, so they cannot give you the flu. Some people might experience mild side effects like soreness at the injection site or a low-grade fever, but these usually go away quickly.

Egg allergies: Most flu shots are safe for people with egg allergies. Let your doctor or nurse know if you have any concerns, and they can recommend the best option for you.

Effectiveness: While the flu shot isn't 100% guaranteed to prevent the flu, it significantly reduces your risk of getting sick and experiencing severe complications. Even if you do get the flu after vaccination, it's likely to be much milder.

Protect yourself: The flu can be serious, leading to hospitalization and even death, especially for older adults, young children, and people with certain health conditions.

Protect others: By getting vaccinated, you help protect those around you who may be more vulnerable to the flu, like babies, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems.

Reduce spread: Vaccination helps slow down the spread of the flu virus in the community, keeping everyone healthier.

The shot is usually given in the upper arm.

Afterward, you can go about your day as usual.

The flu shot is your best defense against the flu.

It's safe and effective for most people.

Talk to your doctor or nurse if you have any questions or concerns.

Getting vaccinated is a simple act of care for yourself and your community.

Papu paneɛ te sɛ nkataboɔ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban firi papu yare mmoawa ho. Ɛkyerɛ wo nipadua no sɛnea ɔbɛko atia papu yareɛ  na woanyare, anaa sɛ wonya mpo a, ɛnyɛ den. Ɛyɛ kwan tiawa a wɔfa so bɔ wo ho ne w’adɔfoɔ ho ban titiriw wɔ bere a papu yareɛ no adu.

Sɛ paneɛ no bɛma woanya papu yareɛ no: Eyi yɛ atorɔ! Wɔde papu yare mmoawa a wɔawu na ɛyɛ papu yareɛ paneɛ no, enti ɛntumi mma wo nya papu yareɛ no. Ebia nnipa bi bɛnya nsunsuansoɔ a ano nnyɛ den te sɛ ekuro wɔ baabi a wɔwɔɔ paneɛ no anaa atiridii a ano nnyɛ den, nanso mpɛn pii no yeinom ɛkɔ ntɛm.

Wɔn a wɔmpɛ kosua: Papu yareɛ paneɛ pii no yɛ papa ma nnipa a wɔmpɛ kosua. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw biara a, ka kyerɛ wo dɔkota anaa nɛɛse no na wɔbɛtumi akyerɛ wo nea ɛyɛ ma wo.

Sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma: Ɛwom sɛ papu yareɛ paneɛ no rentumi nsi papu yareɛ no kwan 100% deɛ, nanso ɛte asiane a ɛwɔ mu sɛ wobɛyare na woanya nsunsuansoɔ a emu yɛ den no so kɛse. Sɛ wonya papu yareɛ no wɔ bere a woagye nsianoaduru paneɛ no akyi mpo a, ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa.

Bɔ wo ho ban: Papu yareɛ no ano tumi yɛ den, na ɛde nnipa no binom kɔ ayaresabea na ɛtumi kum onipa mpo, titiriw mpanyimfoɔ, mmɔfa nkumaa, ne nnipa a wɔwɔ yareɛ ahodoɔ bi.

Bɔ afoforɔ ho ban: Sɛ wogye yareɛ paneɛ no a, wobɔ wɔn a wɔwɔ wo nkyɛn a ebia papu yareɛ no bɛtumi anya wɔn no ho ban, te sɛ mmɔfra, apemfoɔ, ne nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu apɔmuden no yɛ mmerɛ.

Te ne trɛ no so: Yareɛ paneɛ no boa ma papu yare mmoawa no ntrɛ ntɛmntɛm wɔ mpɔtam hɔ, na ɛma obiara ho tɔ no.

Wobɛte nka sɛ wɔati wo anaa biribi aka wo.

Akyiri yi, wobɛtumi akɔ wo daa dwumadi so.

Papu yareɛ paneɛ no ne wo banbɔ a ɛyɛ sen biara a wode kotia papu yareɛ no.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa ɔhaw biara a, wo ne wo dɔkota anaa nɛɛse nkasa.

Yareɛ paneɛ a wogye no yɛ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den a wofa so kyerɛ sɛ wodwen wo ho ne wo mpɔtamfoɔ ho.


**Dermatologist:** "Hi, Mrs. Kong. I'm going to take a closer look at that mole on your back with my dermatoscope. It's a special magnifying tool that helps me see the pigment structures beneath the skin surface."

**Mrs. Kong:** "Okay, that sounds fine. I've been a bit worried about it."

**Dermatologist:** (Examining the mole) "I see. Well, under the dermatoscope, I'm noticing some irregular pigment patterns and asymmetry. These are signs that warrant further investigation. I'm going to recommend a biopsy."

**Mrs. Kong:** (Voice trembling) "A biopsy? Does that mean it's cancer?"

**Dermatologist:** "Not necessarily. A biopsy is simply a procedure where we remove a small sample of the mole to examine it under a microscope. It's the only way to know for sure if there are any abnormal cells. Most biopsies turn out to be benign, but it's important to rule out anything serious."

**Dermatologist:** "We'll numb the area with a local anesthetic first, so you shouldn't feel any pain during the procedure. Afterwards, there might be some mild soreness, but it usually heals quickly."

**Mrs. Kong:** "Okay, I guess that makes sense. I just get so nervous about these things."

**Dermatologist:** "I understand completely. It's normal to feel anxious. But getting this checked out is the best thing you can do for your health. The earlier we catch anything, the easier it is to treat. And remember, most moles are harmless."

**Mrs. Kong:** "Thank you, doctor. That makes me feel a bit better."

**Dermatologist:** "You're welcome. We'll schedule the biopsy for next week, and I'll have the results for you a few days after that. In the meantime, try not to worry too much."

**Honam Ho Dɔkota:** "Mema wo akye, Owurayere Kong. Mede m'afidie a yɛde  hwehwɛ honam ani no rebɛhwɛ nsawa a asi w'akyi no. Ɛyɛ afidie soronko bi a ɛtumi ma mehu nnoɔma a ɛwɔ wo wedeɛ no ase n'akɛseɛ mu."

**Owurayere Kong:** "Yoo, ɛnyɛ hwee. Ɛreteetee me."

**Honam Ho Dɔkota:** (Ɔrehwɛ nsawa no) "M'ahunu. Mepawokyɛw, sɛ mehwɛ afidie no mu a, mehu nnoɔma bi a ɛngyina yie wɔ wo wedeɛ no ase. Wei yɛ nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ sɛ yɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri. Meresusu sɛ wɔntwa wo wedeɛ no bi na wɔmfa nyɛ nhwehwɛmu."

**Owurayere Kong:** (Ne nne woso) "Wɔntwa me wedeɛ nyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu? Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram anaa?"

**Honam Ho Dɔkota:** "Ɛnte saa koraa. Nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ sɛ yɛbɛtwa nsawa no kakra de afidie ahwehwɛ mu. Ɛno nko ara na yɛbɛtumi de ahu sɛ ɛwɔ nkwammoaa bi a ɛnyɛ. Nhwehwɛmu dodoɔ no ara taa kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ hwee, nanso ɛho hia sɛ yɛhu sɛ ɛnyɛ adeɛ a ɛyɛ hu."

**Honam Ho Dɔkota:** "Yɛbɛwɔ wo paneɛ a ɛmma wonte yaw wɔ hɔ ansa, enti worente yaw biara wɔ berɛ a yɛreyɛ no. Sɛ yɛwie a, ebia w'apɔ mu bɛyɛ wo yaw kakra, nanso ɛtaa kɔ ntɛm."

**Owurayere Kong:** "Yoo, me susu sɛ ɛtɔ asom. Me deɛ, me ho popo wɔ saa nnoɔma yi ho."

**Honam Ho Dɔkota:** "Mete aseɛ yie. Ɛyɛ adeɛ a ɛtaa si. Nanso sɛ woma yɛhwɛ a, ɛbɛboa w'apɔmuden. Sɛ yɛhunu no ntɛm a, ɛyɛ mmerɛ sɛ yɛbɛsa. Na kae sɛ, nsawa dodoɔ no ara ntaa nyɛ hwee."

**Owurayere Kong:** "Meda wo ase, dɔkota. Wei ama me ho atɔ me kakra."

**Honam Ho Dɔkota:** "Nna ase. Yɛbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu no dapɛn a ɛreba no, na mɛma woahu nea ɛfiri mu ba wɔ nna kakra akyi. Seesei deɛ, bɔ mmɔden na nnnwene ho pii."


Good morning, Mr. Watanabe. I see you're shivering quite a bit. Are you feeling cold even though it's warm outside?

Yes, doctor. I feel very cold, and my head hurts.

I understand. Heat stroke can sometimes make you feel cold even when your body temperature is high. Let's check your temperature and pulse.

Your temperature is 103 degrees Fahrenheit, which is quite high. Your pulse is also rapid. Can you tell me what you were doing before you started feeling this way?

I was working in the garden. It was very hot, and I didn't drink much water.

That explains it. Working in the heat without enough fluids can lead to heat stroke. We need to cool you down quickly. I'm going to give you some cool fluids to drink and apply cool compresses to your body.

Thank you, doctor. I feel a little better already.

Good. We'll monitor your temperature and symptoms closely. If you start feeling worse, please let me know immediately.

You're welcome, Mr. Watanabe. Take it easy and rest for a while. We'll check on you again shortly.

Maakye, Owura Watanabe. Mahunu sɛ wo ho rewosow paa.  Wote nka sɛ awɔ de wo bere a abɔnten hɔ yɛ hye no?

Yiw, dɔkota. Awɔ de me paa, na me ti nso yɛ me ya.

Mete aseɛ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ wo nipadua no mu reyɛ hyeɛ no tumi ma wote nka sɛ awɔ de wo mpo bere a wo nipadua no mu yɛ hye no.  Ma yɛnhwɛ wo nipadua no mu hyeɛ ne sɛdeɛ w'akoma ɛbɔ.

Wo nipadua no mu hyeɛ yɛ 103 digrii Fahrenheit, na ɛyɛ kɛse paa.  W'akoma nso bɔ ntɛmntɛm. Wobetumi aka nea na woreyɛ ansa na wofirii ase tee nka saa no akyerɛ me?

Na mereyɛ adwuma wɔ turo no mu. Na awia no ano yɛ den paa, na mannom nsuo pii.

Ɛno na ɛde aba no.  Adwumayɛ wɔ awia mu a wonnom nsuo pii no tumi de nipadua a ɛmu yɛ hye no ba. Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma wo ho dwo ntɛm.  Mɛma wo nsuonyunu a wobɛnom na mede adeɛ a ɛmu yɛ nyunu atoto wo nipadua no so.

Meda wo ase, dɔkota. Mete nka sɛ me ho ayɛ yiye kakra.

Ɛyɛ. Yɛbɛhwɛ wo nipadua no mu hyeɛ ne sɛnea wote nka no yiye. Sɛ wofi ase te nka sɛ ɛrenyɛ yiye a, meserɛ wo, ka kyerɛ me ntɛm.

Yɛnna ase, Owura Watanabe. Gye w’ahome na da kakra.  Yɛbɛsane abɛhwɛ wo bio seesei ara.


My latest patient, 12-year-old Chloe, presented for a lumpectomy pre-operative consultation. She's notably overweight and her BMI is at the 95th percentile for her age. During the exam, she was visibly uncomfortable, clutching her stomach and wincing in pain.

When I asked about the abdominal pain, she described it as a dull ache that comes and goes. She also mentioned feeling nauseous occasionally, especially after eating. Her mother added that Chloe has been complaining of stomach aches more frequently over the past few months and has had some episodes of vomiting.

Given Chloe's weight and the nature of her abdominal pain, I'm concerned about potential underlying issues beyond the lumpectomy. While the primary reason for her visit is the breast lump, we need to consider the possibility of gastrointestinal problems or metabolic issues contributing to her discomfort.

I've ordered some blood work to check her liver enzymes, lipid profile, and blood sugar levels. I'm also recommending an abdominal ultrasound to rule out any structural abnormalities or gallstones. Additionally, I've referred her to a pediatric gastroenterologist for further evaluation of her abdominal pain and potential dietary management.

We'll proceed with the lumpectomy as planned, but we'll need to closely monitor her post-operative recovery and address any ongoing abdominal issues. I'll keep you updated on the results of her tests and the gastroenterologist's recommendations.

Wɔde me yarefoɔ foforɔ, Chloe a wadi mfeɛ 12, baaeɛ ɛfa wedeɛ a yɛbɛtwa afiri ne nufo ho oprehyen ho nhyehyɛeɛ mu (lumpectomy pre-operative consultation). Ne mu yɛ duru boro so na ne BMI wɔ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu 95 wɔ ne mfɛfoɔ mu. Berɛ a yɛreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, na ne ho mfa no, na ɔsɔ ne yafunu mu na na n'anim tebea kyerɛ yaw a ɔnam mu.

Berɛ a mebisaa no ne yafunu mu yaw no ho asɛm no, ɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ ɛyɛ yaw a ɛba a na ɛkɔ. Ɔkaa nso sɛ, ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a, ne bo fono no, titire, berɛ a wadidi awie. Ne maame de kaa ho sɛ, Chloe aka yafunu yaw ho asɛm mpɛn pii wɔ abosome kakra a atwam yi na wafefe mpɛn pii.

Esiane Chloe kɛseɛ ne ne yafunu mu yaw nti, mehaw fa nneɛma a ɛbɛtumi ama nnoɔma yi aba no ɛboro wedeɛ a yɛbɛtwa afiri nufoɔ no ho. Berɛ a nufuo mu dwoa no na ɛde no baaeɛ no, ɛwɔ sɛ yɛhwɛ yafunu ne nsono mu haw anaa kwan a aduane fa so yam wɔ ne yam a ɛma no teetee no ho.

Mahyɛ sɛ wɔmfa ne mogya mmɛhwɛ nnoɔma (ɛnsaimo) a ɛwɔ ne brɛboa mu, sradeɛ dodoɔ a ɛwɔ ne mu, ne asikyire dodoɔ a ɛwɔ ne mogya mu. M'asan nso ahyɛ sɛ wɔntwa mfonin (ɔtrasaondo) wɔ ne yafunu mu na wɔmfa nhunu nnoɔma a ɛnkɔso yie wɔ hɔ anaa bɔnwono nsuo a abɔ apɔ. Bio nso, m'ahyɛ sɛ ɔnkɔ dɔkota a ɔwɔ nimdeɛ fa yafunu ne mu nnoɔma ho ma ɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛmu dɔ mfa ne yafunu mu yaw no ne kwan a ɔbɛfa so ahwɛ n'aduane die mu ho.

Yɛbɛtoa wedeɛ a yɛrebɛtwa afiri nufoɔ no ho no so sɛnea yɛayɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ no, nanso ɛbɛhia sɛ yɛma yɛani kɔ ne ho yie wɔ oprehyen no akyi na yɛadi ne yafunu mu haw biara a ɛbɛkɔ so no ho dwuma. Mɛma woate ne nhwehwɛmu no ho mmuaeɛ ne nnoɔma a mesusu fa ne yafunu ne ne nsono no ho.


This individual presented to the emergency department with a calm demeanor, yet expressed concern regarding their need for hormone replacement therapy. They currently report being unemployed, which is a significant factor contributing to their current situation. The patient conveyed a sense of urgency and a desire to access necessary medical care despite their financial constraints. They provided a clear history of their medical needs and expressed a willingness to engage with available resources. The patient's affect was appropriate to the situation, and they demonstrated good insight into their circumstances. No acute safety concerns were identified during the assessment. Further evaluation and connection with appropriate social services and medical providers are recommended to address their healthcare needs and employment situation.

Nnipa yi baa esiane tebea a ɛhia sɛ wɔdi dwuma ho ntɛm no nkorabata no mu a na n’ani da hɔ, nanso na ne yam hyehye no wɔ ayaresa a ɛhia sɛ wɔde ma no wɔ ne nipadua mu nnoɔma bi a na ɛtwa sɛ wɔsesa no (hormone replacement therapy. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ seesei wɔnni adwuma, na ɛno yɛ ade kɛseɛ a ɛma wɔn tebea a wɔwɔ mu seesei no mu yɛ den. Ɔyarefoɔ no kyerɛɛ sɛ ɛhia sɛ wɔhwɛ no ntɛm na ɔpɛ sɛ ɔnya ayaresa a ɛfata ɛmfa ho sɛ onni sika. Wɔkaa wɔn ayaresa ahiadeɛ ho asɛm pefee na wɔkyerɛɛ sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde nneɛma a wɔwɔ no di dwuma. Ɔyarefoɔ no suban no na ɛfata tebea no, na wɔkyerɛɛ sɛ wɔwɔ nhumu pa wɔ wɔn tebea no ho. Wɔanhunu biribiara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔn ho ntɔ wɔn wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu. Yɛkamfo sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri na wɔde wɔn akɔ asetena mu nnwuma ne ayaresa adwumayɛfoɔ a wɔfata nkyɛn na wɔadi wɔn akwahosan ahiadeɛ ne adwuma ho haw ho dwuma.


I came in today because I've been having a really hard time with reading lately, and it's starting to affect my schoolwork. It's like the words on the page just don't make sense sometimes, or they swim around and get blurry. I find myself re-reading the same sentence over and over again, but I still can't seem to grasp the meaning. It takes me so much longer to get through my assignments than it used to, and I'm falling behind in my classes. Even when I'm reading for fun, I get headaches and my eyes feel strained after just a short while. I've never had trouble with reading before, so this is really frustrating and worrying for me. I've tried different lighting, taking breaks, and even getting new glasses, but nothing seems to help. It's making me feel anxious about my ability to keep up with my studies here at the university. I'm hoping that by coming here, I can figure out what's going on and find some strategies or accommodations to help me succeed. I really want to do well in my classes, but this reading difficulty is becoming a major obstacle.

Mebaa ha ɛnnɛ nti ne sɛ, akenkan ayɛ den ama me nnansa yi, na ɛreka me sukuu dwumadie. Ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a, ɛte sɛ nea nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ krataa no so ntɔ asom, na ɛyɛ kusukusu wɔ m'ani so. Metaa kenkan asɛm koro no mpɛn pii, nanso mentumi nte aseɛ. M’adesua gye berɛ pii sene nea ɛsɛ ansa na m'atumi awie me dwumadie ahodoɔ no, na m’adesua reka akyi. Sɛ merekenkan de agye m’ani mpo a, meti yɛ me, na m’ani so ayɛ kusuu bere tiawa bi akyi. Menyaa akenkan ho haw biara da, enti eyi reha me na agya me adwendwene yie. M'asɔ nkanea pii ahwɛ, gye m'ahome, na mpo, m'asesa m'ahwehwɛniwa a mede kenkan nwoma, nanso, ɛmu biara mmoa. Ɛrema m'asuro sɛ mentumi ntoa m'adesua so wɔ suapɔn ha. M’ani da so sɛ, sɛ meba ha yi, mɛtumi ahunu nea ɛrekɔ so na manya kwan a mɛfa so asɔ ano. Mepɛ sɛ m'adesua tu mpɔn, nanso akenkan ho asɛm yi ayɛ akwansideɛ kɛseɛ ama me.


Doctor: Hello, Mr. Ba. And you must be his wife, Mrs. Singh. I see you're here about your back pain. I'm so sorry to hear that you're hurting. Can you tell me a little more about what's going on?

Mr. Ba: (Shivering) It... it started yesterday. I was... I was lifting a box at work and... and I felt this sharp pain in my lower back. It hasn't gone away since. I... I can barely move.

Mrs. Singh: (Wringing her hands) Oh, doctor, he's in so much pain! He hasn't slept a wink. Is it serious? Will he be okay?

Doctor: I understand your concern, Mrs. Singh. Back pain can be very debilitating. Let me take a look at your back, Mr. Ba. (Examining Mr. Ba's back) It does seem quite tender. Have you tried any over-the-counter pain relievers or heat therapy?

Mr. Ba: I... I took some ibuprofen, but... but it didn't help much. And my wife put a hot water bottle on it, but... but the pain is still there.

Doctor: Okay. Based on what you're telling me and my examination, it sounds like you may have strained a muscle in your back. I'm going to recommend that you take a few days off work to rest and let your back heal. I'll also prescribe some stronger pain medication and a muscle relaxant to help you manage the pain.

Mrs. Singh: Oh, thank you, doctor! Thank you so much! But... but what about work? He needs a note...

Doctor: Not to worry, Mrs. Singh. I'll write a note for Mr. Ba excusing him from work for the next three days. That should give him enough time to start feeling better.

Mr. Ba: Thank you, doctor. I... I really appreciate it.

Doctor: You're very welcome. Now, here are your prescriptions and the note for work. Make sure you rest as much as possible and avoid any heavy lifting. If the pain gets worse or doesn't improve after a few days, please don't hesitate to come back and see me.

Mrs. Singh: We will, doctor. Thank you again!

Dɔkota: Maakye, Owura Ba. Na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wo na woyɛ ne yere, Owurayere Singh. M'ahunu sɛ w'aba ha ɛnam w'akyiri yareɛ no nti. Kafra sɛ wote yaw. Wobɛtumi aka deɛ ɛresie no ho asɛm kakra akyerɛ me?

Owura Ba: (Ne ho rewoso) Ɛ...ɛhyɛɛ aseɛ ɛnora. Na me...na merepagya adaka bi wɔ adwumam na...na mete saa yaw a ɛyɛ den yi wɔ m'akyiri fam. Ɛfiri saa berɛ no, ɛnkɔɔeɛ . Me...mentumi nkeka me ho.

Owurayere Singh: (Ɔreposa ne nsa) Oo, dɔkota, ɔrete yaw paa! Ɔnnaa koraa. Ɛyɛ aniberesɛm anaa? Ɔbɛtumi anya ahoɔden anaa?

Dɔkota: Mete w'asɛm no ase, Owurayere Singh. Akyiriyareɛ tumi ma wo yɛ mmerɛ. Ma menhwɛ w'akyi, Owura Ba. (Ɔrehwɛ Owura Ba akyi) Ɛyɛ ya kakra. Woasɔ yaw aduro wɔtɔn no wɔ adutɔnbea ahwɛ anaa ayaresa wɔde hyew na ɛyɛ ahwɛ?

Owura Ba: Me...menom ibuprofen bi, nanso...nanso ɛnboa me pii. Ɛna me yere de nsuohyeɛ totoo so, nanso...nanso yaw no da so wɔ hɔ.

Dɔkota: Yoo. Deɛ woreka akyerɛ me ne nea m'ahunu no, asɛ w'akyiri wedeɛ no mu atwe. Merebɛtu wo fo sɛ gye nna kakra wɔ adwumam na fa gye w'ahome na w'akyiri no nya ahoɔden. Afei nso merebɛtwerɛ yaw aduro a ano ɛyɛ den ne aduro a ɛma wedeɛ go ama wo na aboa wo ama wo yaw no so ate.

Owurayere Singh: Oo, medaase, dɔkota! Medaase pii! Nanso...nanso adwuma no nso ɛ? Ɔhia krataa...

Dɔkota: Nnwen ho, Owurayere Singh. Mɛtwerɛ krataa ama Owura Ba sɛ ɔntumi nkɔ adwuma nna mniɛnsa a ɛreba no. Ɛno bɛma no berɛ na wafiri aseɛ ate nka yie.

Owura Ba: Medaase, dɔkota. Me...m'ani sɔ paa.

Dɔkota: Nna ase. Afei, w'aduro ne krataa a wɔde bɛkɔ no nie. Hwɛ sɛ wobɛgye w'ahome pii na mpagya adeɛ a ɛmu ɛyɛ duru biara. Sɛ yaw no mu yɛ den anaa ɛnyɛ yie wɔ nna kakra akyi a, mepa wo kyɛw ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛsan aba abɛhu me.

Owurayere Singh: Yɛbɛba, dɔkota. Medaase bio!

Dɔkota: Monhwɛ mo ho yie, mo mmienu nyinaa.


Doctor: Good morning, Mr. Mendoza. How are you feeling today after your burn debridement surgery?

Javier Mendoza: Good morning, Doctor. I'm feeling much better, thank you. The pain has significantly decreased, and I'm eager to get back to my training routine.

Doctor: That's great to hear, Mr. Mendoza. It's important to prioritize your recovery, though. Let's take a look at the surgical site.

Doctor: The wound appears to be healing well. There's minimal redness and swelling, which is a positive sign. However, we need to continue monitoring it closely to prevent any complications.

Javier Mendoza: I understand. What about physical activity? Can I start working out again?

Doctor: Not just yet, Mr. Mendoza. Your body needs time to heal properly. We'll need to gradually reintroduce exercise once the wound has fully closed and the risk of infection is minimized.

Javier Mendoza: I see. How long do you think that will take?

Doctor: It's difficult to give an exact timeline, as everyone heals differently. We'll assess your progress during our follow-up appointments and determine when it's safe for you to resume your athletic activities. In the meantime, focus on rest, proper nutrition, and keeping the wound clean and protected.

Javier Mendoza: Okay, I'll follow your instructions carefully. Thank you, Doctor.

Doctor: You're welcome, Mr. Mendoza. We'll schedule your next appointment in two weeks to check on your progress. If you experience any increased pain, redness, or discharge from the wound before then, please don't hesitate to contact us immediately.

Dɔkɔta: Maakye, Owura Mendoza. Ɛnnɛ sɛn na wote nka wɔ wo honam ani a ɛhyeɛ a yɛyɛɛ ho oprehyɛn no akyi?

Javier Mendoza: Maakye, Dɔkɔta. Me ho yɛ me den yie, meda wo ase. Ɛyaw no so ate kɛse, na mehorepere me sɛ mesane akɔyɛ me dabiara apɔmutenetene no.

Dɔkɔta: Ɛyɛ asɛmpa sɛ mete, Owura Mendoza. Nanso ɛho hia sɛ wode w’ayaresa no di kan. Ma yɛnhwɛ baabi a yɛyɛɛ oprehyɛn no.

Dɔkɔta: Asɛ ekuro no rewu yie. Mogya a ada hɔ ne nhonoeɛ kakra bi na ɛwɔ hɔ na ɛma no yɛ ade pa. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ so hwɛ so yie na ama yɛasi ɔhaw biara a ɛbɛba no kwan.

Javier Mendoza: Mete aseɛ. Na sɛ meretenetene me mpɔ mu nso ɛ? Metumi afiri aseɛ ayɛ bio?

Dɔkɔta: Ɛnyɛ seesei ara, Owura Mendoza. Wo nipadua no hia berɛ na ama asiesie yie. Yɛbɛhia sɛ yɛsan de apɔmutenetene ba nkakrankakra berɛ a ekuro no rewu na ɛho asian a ɛba ma yareɛ foforɔ aba no so ate.

Javier Mendoza: M'ate. Wosusu sɛ ɛbɛgye berɛ dodoɔ sɛn?

Dɔkɔta: Ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛma berɛ pɔtee bi, ɛfiri sɛ obiara ne kwan a wɔfa so nya n'ayaresa. Yɛbɛhwɛ wo nkɔsoɔ wɔ yɛn nhyiamu a yɛbɛkɔ so ayɛ no mu na yɛahyɛ berɛ a ɛyɛ ma wo sɛ wobɛsan akɔ w’agokansie dwumadie no so. Seesei no, fa w’adwene si ahomegyeɛ, aduane pa a wodi, ne di ekuro no ho ni na bɔ ho ban.

Javier Mendoza: Yoo, mɛdi w’akwankyerɛ akyi yie. Meda wo ase, Dɔkota.

Dɔkota: Me ma wo akwaaba, Owura Mendoza. Yɛbɛhyehyɛ wo nhyiamu a ɛdi hɔ no wɔ dapɛn mmienu mu na yɛahwɛ wo nkɔsoɔ. Sɛ wote ɛyaw, mogya da hɔ, anaa adeɛ a ɛfiri ekuro no mu ba a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛfrɛ yɛn ntɛm ara.


I'm just a bit concerned about my recovery. It's been a few weeks since my surgery, and I'm feeling really weak and tired. I'm also having some trouble keeping food down, and I've been feeling a bit nauseous.

I know these surgeries can be tough on the body, but I'm just worried something might be wrong. I've been trying to follow all the instructions, but I'm still feeling pretty lousy.

I was hoping you could check me out and maybe give me some advice on how to manage these symptoms. I really want to get back on my feet and back to work as soon as possible.

Meredwene kwan a mehobɛfa so atɔ me ho. Adapɛn kakra nie a me yɛɛ me oprehyɛn no, na me te nka sɛ me yɛ mmerɛ na mabrɛ paa nso. Na ɛyɛ den ma me sɛ aduane bɛtena me yafunu mu, na me te nka sɛ mɛfe.

Me nim sɛ saa oprehyɛn yi tumi ha nipadua no, nanso meredwene ho sɛ biribi nkɔ yie. Mayɛ sɛdeɛ ɔmo kyerɛɛ me sɛ menyɛ no nyinaa ara, nanso me ho nnyɛ me yie.

Na merehwɛ sɛ wobɛtumi ahwɛ me na wama me afutuo bi wɔ sɛdeɛ mɛtumi agyina yareɛ yi nsɛnkyerɛneɛ  ahodoɔ no ano. Me pɛ sɛ me ho yɛ me den na me tumi kɔ adwuma ntɛm so.


Doctor, Mrs. Esmeralda del Valle, G1P0 at 34 weeks gestation, presents with acute-onset lower back pain localized to the lumbar region, radiating slightly to the left side. She rates the pain as a 7/10, describes it as a persistent ache with intermittent sharp twinges, exacerbated by movement and somewhat relieved by rest. No history of trauma or prior back issues. Vital signs are stable, fetal heart rate is within normal limits. She denies any vaginal bleeding, fluid leakage, or contractions. However, her husband, Mr. Aurelio del Valle, is expressing significant concern regarding the severity of her discomfort and potential impact on the pregnancy. Physical exam reveals tenderness on palpation of the left paraspinal muscles, negative straight leg raise test. Given the gestational age and presentation, differential diagnosis includes musculoskeletal strain, round ligament pain, or potential preterm labor, though the latter seems less likely given the absence of other symptoms. I recommend monitoring, possibly a urinalysis to rule out UTI, and reassurance for both the patient and her husband.

Dɔkota, Owurayere Esmeralda del Valle, G1P0 a ne nyinsɛn aduru nnawɔtwe 34, se ne sisi akyi fam yɛ ne ya, na yaw no mu reyɛ den retrɛ kɔ ne benkum so. Ɔse yaw no yɛ ano den yɛ 7/10, na ɔkyerɛ mu sɛ yaw no mu yɛ den pa ara na ɛwowɔ no, na ɛyɛ a na emu ayɛ den yie, ne titire sɛ ɔwoso ne ho a, na sɛ ɔhome a ɛba fam kakra. Ɔnni abakɔsem biara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wapira da anaa wanaya akyiyareɛ da. Ne ho yɛ, na abɔfra no nso akoma bɔ yiye. Ɔka sɛ mogya ntuu no mfirii n'ase, nsuo biara mfirii n'ase mmaeɛ no, na ne yafunu nso ntwetwe no. Nanso, ne kunu, Owura Aurelio del Valle, reka haw a ɛfa ne yere no ho a ɛntɔ no ano den ne nsunsuansoɔ a ɛbetumi anya wɔ nyinsɛn no so. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛeɛ no daa no adi sɛ ne benkum so akyi honam no yɛ yaw, na sɛ ɔma ne nan so a ɛnyɛ ne ya. Esiane nna dodoɔ a ne nyinsɛn adi no nti, yebetumi aka sɛ ebia ne nnompe mu na ɛyɛ ne ya, ne y'afunum na ɛretwe, anaa awoɔ bɛka no ntɛm, nanso esiane sɛ onni nsunsuansoɔ afoforo nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ yebeka sɛ awoɔ bɛka no ntɛm. Mehyɛ sɛ yɛnhwɛ no yiye, na ebia yɛnhwɛ ne dwonsɔ mu sɛ ɔnnyaa dwonsɔ mu yare (UTI), na yɛnkyekye ɔyarefoɔ no ne ne kunu werɛ.