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README.md
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list: string
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list: string
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list: string
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splits:
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num_bytes: 89931604
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num_examples: 1376
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num_bytes: 12592140
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num_examples: 153
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download_size: 31563045
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dataset_size: 102523744
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- config_name: tuned_configs
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features:
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dtype: int64
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- name: candidate_models
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list: string
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- name: best_config
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 386513390
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num_examples: 17561
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- name: test
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num_bytes: 33347832
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num_examples: 1726
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download_size: 26750592
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dataset_size: 419861222
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configs:
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- config_name:
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- split: train
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path: tuned_configs/train-*
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- split: test
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path: tuned_configs/test-*
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---
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---
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+
license: apache-2.0
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+
language: [en, code]
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pretty_name: Kernel-Opt RL (vLLM / SGLang / FlashInfer)
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size_categories: [10K<n<100K]
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task_categories: [text-generation]
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tags: [cuda, triton, gpu-kernels, kernel-optimization, reinforcement-learning, autotuning, vllm, sglang, flashinfer]
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configs:
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- config_name: tuned_configs
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data_files:
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- {split: train, path: tuned_configs/train-*}
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- {split: test, path: tuned_configs/test-*}
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- config_name: kernel_commits
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data_files:
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- {split: train, path: kernel_commits/train-*}
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- {split: test, path: kernel_commits/test-*}
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---
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+
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# Kernel-Opt RL
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Real-world GPU kernel optimization data mined from production LLM inference engines
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([vLLM](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm), [SGLang](https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang),
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[FlashInfer](https://github.com/flashinfer-ai/flashinfer)). It's built for RL: given a base kernel and a
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concrete deployment (model shape, GPU, dtype, batch size), choose the optimization.
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+
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Inference engines ship one generic kernel and specialize it per model and per GPU. Most of that
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specialization is not new code. It is **autotuned launch parameters** checked in as JSON
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(`E=8,N=14336,device_name=NVIDIA_H100_80GB_HBM3.json`), plus a stream of **perf commits** that rewrite
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kernels for specific models and hardware. This dataset turns both into training signal.
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## Subsets
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### `tuned_configs`: kernel + deployment → best launch config (verifiable)
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| | |
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|---|---|
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| rows | 19,287 (17,561 train / 1,726 test) |
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| tuned config files | 1,138 |
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| GPUs | 48 (NVIDIA A100 → B300/GB300, AMD MI300X/MI325X/MI355X, Intel Arc, …) |
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| kernels | `fused_moe_kernel` (vLLM + SGLang), `fused_moe_kernel_gptq_awq`, `_w8a8_triton_block_scaled_mm`, `_w8a8_block_fp8_matmul`, `_w8a8_block_int8_matmul`, `_selective_scan_update_kernel` |
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| dtypes | bf16/fp16, fp8_w8a8 (per-tensor + 128×128 block), int8_w8a8, int8_w8a16, int4_w4a16 |
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| M (tokens) | 1 … 262,144 |
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One row is one (config file, batch size M) entry. `prompt` is ready to use: it contains the Triton kernel
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source, the hardware, the problem shape, and the MoE models whose shape matches under TP/EP
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(`candidate_models`, resolved against 32 MoE model configs on the Hub). `best_config` is the
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autotuned answer (`BLOCK_SIZE_M/N/K`, `GROUP_SIZE_M`, `num_warps`, `num_stages`, …).
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Fields: `repo, commit, config_path, kernel_file, kernel_name, kernel_source, device_name, dtype,
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block_shape, triton_version, shape (JSON), M, candidate_models, best_config (JSON), prompt`.
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**Split:** grouped by config filename (hash), so a given (shape, GPU, dtype) never appears in both
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train and test, whatever the repo, Triton version or M.
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### `kernel_commits`: before → after kernel rewrites from perf commits
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| | |
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|---|---|
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| rows | 1,529 file-level pairs (1,376 train / 153 test) from 873 commits |
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| languages | CUDA (`.cu/.cuh`), C++, Triton, CuTe DSL |
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| date range | 2023-04 → 2026-10 |
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Selected from non-merge commits that touch kernel directories and carry a performance signal in the
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title (`[Perf]`, optimize, speedup, faster, tune, throughput, latency, …), excluding build, CI, docs,
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tests and reverts. Only modified kernel files are kept: ≤10 per commit, ≤120 KB per file, ≤800 changed
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lines. Each row is tagged with the `models_mentioned` (DeepSeek, Qwen, Kimi, Mamba, GLM, …), the
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`hardware_mentioned` (SM90/SM100/SM120, B200, H100, MI355X, CPU, …), and the `speedup_claims` parsed
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from the message.
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Fields: `repo, commit, date, pr_number, pr_url, title, message, path, language, before_code,
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after_code, diff, lines_added, lines_removed, files_in_commit, models_mentioned,
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hardware_mentioned, speedup_claims`.
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**Split:** temporal. The newest ~10% of rows are test (2026-10-18 onward), the code least likely to be in
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a model's pretraining data.
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## Using it for RL
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**`tuned_configs`** gives a verifiable reward without any execution harness:
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- *offline proxy*: score the predicted config against `best_config`. Exact match is sparse, so partial
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credit per parameter (or log-distance on the power-of-two tile sizes) works better.
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- *on hardware*: launch `kernel_source` with the predicted config at the given shape and reward
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`t_best / t_pred`. Note that the tuned config is only the best among the tuner's search space, so a
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model can beat it.
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**`kernel_commits`** suits:
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- *edit-style RL / SFT warm start*: `before_code` + `title` (+ model/hardware context) → `after_code`;
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- *preference pairs*: (`before_code`, `after_code`) as (rejected, chosen) for the stated workload;
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- *execution reward*: compile, check correctness and benchmark through an execution environment such as
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[KernelGYM](https://github.com/hkust-nlp/KernelGYM). Watch for reward hacking (timer exploits, cached
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outputs; see the [CUDA-L1](https://github.com/ornith-ai/CUDA-L1) notes).
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("guychuk/kernel-opt-rl", "tuned_configs", split="train")
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print(ds[0]["prompt"]); print(ds[0]["best_config"])
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```
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## Limitations
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- Tuned configs record only the *winner*, not the full latency table, so offline rewards are a proxy.
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- `candidate_models` comes from shape matching (`E == experts`, `N == intermediate / TP`, or
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`E == experts / EP`). Shapes are shared across models, e.g. DeepSeek-V3, Kimi-K2 and MiMo-V2-Flash.
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- Commit messages from squash merges often omit the PR body, so `speedup_claims` is sparse. The
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`pr_url` points to the full benchmark discussion.
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- Snapshots are from each repo's HEAD at build time (see `commit`). Rebuild with `build.py` for fresher data.
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## Related datasets
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[KernelBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ScalingIntelligence/KernelBench) (eval; keep held out),
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[KernelBook](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GPUMODE/KernelBook) (PyTorch→Triton pairs),
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[Nemotron-SFT-CUDA-v1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Nemotron-SFT-CUDA-v1) (CUDA SFT with tests),
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[CUDA-L1](https://github.com/ornith-ai/CUDA-L1) (RL-optimized KernelBench solutions per GPU).
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## License
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Source code is from vLLM, SGLang and FlashInfer, all Apache-2.0. This compilation is Apache-2.0.
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