{"id": "doc806", "text": "The team arrives at an underground antipurge hideout run by Dante Bishop. Barnes discovers that Bishop's group intends to assassinate Owens, in an effort to end the purge. A large group of paramilitary forces arrives at the hideout looking for Bishop. Barnes and Roan escape back to the streets and meet Joe, Marcos, and Laney, who had left the hideout earlier to return to Joe's store."}
{"id": "doc807", "text": "While fleeing the city, the ambulance is hit by Danzinger's team. Roan is pulled from the van by the soldiers before Barnes can assist. He leads the group and Bishop's team to a fortified cathedral where the NFFA plans to sacrifice her. Before Roan can be killed by the NFFA, the group arrives and assassinates Warrens, causing a shootout that kills the entire congregation except Owens and another NFFA loyalist, Harmon James, who escape. Owens is caught by Bishop's group, who still intends to kill him, but Roan manages to persuade them to spare him. The remaining paramilitary forces arrive, killing Bishop and his team. Danzinger and Barnes engage in a melee which ends with the former's death. As Roan and the team free the imprisoned purge victims, James emerges and kills a released prisoner. Joe shoots him, but is fatally wounded. Before dying, Joe asks Marcos to take care of his store."}
{"id": "doc811", "text": "The main streets of Woonsocket were transformed into the near-future Washington, DC.[10] The NFFA-captured Catholic cathedral where Owens' purge mass takes place, as well as the cathedral crypt scenes, were filmed at the St. Ann's Church Complex. The Rhode Island State House stood in as the White House and its rotunda and some of its interiors such as the Press Room and basement were also used for filming. Numerous landmarks of both Woonsocket and Providence make cameos in the film. The Roan household was shot in another part of Woonsocket and some of the interiors were shot on a soundstage to allow more room for cameras and crew."}
{"id": "doc897", "text": "The image of the gates in popular culture is a set of large gold, white or wrought-iron gates in the clouds, guarded by Saint Peter (the keeper of the \"keys to the kingdom\"). Those not fit to enter heaven are denied entrance at the gates, and descend into Hell.[2] In some versions of this imagery, Peter looks up the deceased's name in a book, before opening the gate."}
{"id": "doc1774", "text": "The United States Congress was established upon ratification of the United States Constitution and formally began on March 4, 1789. New York City remained home to Congress until July 1790,[4] when the Residence Act was passed to pave the way for a permanent capital. The decision to locate the capital was contentious, but Alexander Hamilton helped broker a compromise in which the federal government would take on war debt incurred during the American Revolutionary War, in exchange for support from northern states for locating the capital along the Potomac River. As part of the legislation, Philadelphia was chosen as a temporary capital for ten years (until December 1800), until the nation's capital in Washington, D.C., would be ready.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1786", "text": "By 1850, it became clear that the Capitol could not accommodate the growing number of legislators arriving from newly admitted states. A new design competition was held, and President Millard Fillmore appointed Philadelphia architect Thomas U. Walter to carry out the expansion. Two new wings were added \u00e2\u20ac\u201c a new chamber for the House of Representatives on the south side, and a new chamber for the Senate on the north.[33]"}
{"id": "doc2688", "text": "On January 21, 1786, the Virginia Legislature, following James Madison's recommendation, invited all the states to send delegates to Annapolis, Maryland to discuss ways to reduce interstate conflict. At what came to be known as the Annapolis Convention, the few state delegates in attendance endorsed a motion that called for all states to meet in Philadelphia in May 1787 to discuss ways to improve the Articles of Confederation in a \"Grand Convention.\" Although the states' representatives to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia were only authorized to amend the Articles, the representatives held secret, closed-door sessions and wrote a new constitution. The new Constitution gave much more power to the central government, but characterization of the result is disputed. The general goal of the authors was to get close to a republic as defined by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment, while trying to address the many difficulties of the interstate relationships. Historian Forrest McDonald, using the ideas of James Madison from Federalist 39, describes the change this way:"}
{"id": "doc2832", "text": "Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films.[1][5] The film is based on Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's eighteenth-century fairy tale.[6] The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2833", "text": "Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, United Kingdom on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. Beauty and the Beast premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23, 2017, and was released in the United States in standard, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D formats, along with Dolby Cinema on March 17, 2017.[8] The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Watson and Stevens' performances as well as the ensemble cast, faithfulness to the original animated film alongside elements from the Broadway musical, visual style, production design, and musical score, though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original.[9][10] The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing live-action musical film, and making it the second highest-grossing film of 2017 and the 11th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. It also received nominations for Best Production Design and Best Costume Design at the 90th Academy Awards."}
{"id": "doc2836", "text": "Belle befriends the castle's servants, who invite her to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders into the forbidden west wing and finds the rose, the Beast, enraged, scares her into the woods. She is ambushed by a pack of wolves, but the Beast rescues her, and is injured in the process. As Belle nurses his wounds, a friendship develops between them. The Beast shows Belle a gift from the enchantress, a book that transports readers wherever they want. Belle uses it to visit her childhood home in Paris, where she discovers a plague doctor mask and realizes that she and her father were forced to leave her mother's deathbed when her mother succumbed to the plague."}
{"id": "doc2838", "text": "After sharing a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her father's predicament using a magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giving her the mirror to remember him with. At Villeneuve, Belle proves Maurice's sanity by revealing the Beast in the mirror to the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston claims she has been charmed by dark magic, and has her thrown into the asylum carriage with her father. He rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to slay the Beast before he curses the whole village. Maurice and Belle escape, and Belle rushes back to the castle."}
{"id": "doc2839", "text": "During the battle, Gaston abandons his companion LeFou, who then sides with the servants to fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his tower, who is too depressed to fight back, but regains his spirit upon seeing Belle return. He overpowers Gaston, but spares his life before reuniting with Belle. However, Gaston fatally shoots the Beast from a bridge, but it collapses when the castle crumbles, and he falls to his death. The Beast dies as the last petal falls, and the servants become inanimate. When Belle tearfully professes her love to him, Agathe reveals herself as the enchantress and undoes the curse, repairing the crumbling castle, and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms and the villagers' memories. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, where they dance happily."}
{"id": "doc2846", "text": "In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be starring as Belle, the female lead.[32] She was the first choice of Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn, as he had previously overseen Warner Bros. which released the eight Harry Potter films that co-starred Watson as Hermione Granger.[31] Two months later, Luke Evans and Dan Stevens were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively,[33][34] and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets.[11][35] The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumi\u00c3\u00a8re and Cadenza, respectively.[14][13][17][19][18][15][16][36]"}
{"id": "doc2852", "text": "When released in 1991, Beauty and the Beast, marked a turning point for Walt Disney Pictures by appealing to millions of fans with its Oscar-winning musical score by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken. In Bill Condon's opinion, that original score was the key reason he agreed to direct a live-action version of the movie. \"That score had more to reveal\", he says, \"You look at the songs and there's not a clunker in the group. In fact, Frank Rich described it as the best Broadway musical of 1991. The animated version was already darker and more modern than the previous Disney fairytales. Take that vision, put it into a new medium, make it a radical reinvention, something not just for the stage because it's not just being literal, now other elements come into play. It's not just having real actors do it\".[45]"}
{"id": "doc2865", "text": "In the United States and Canada, Beauty and the Beast topped Fandango's pre-sales and became the fastest-selling family film in the company's history, topping the studio's own animated film Finding Dory released the previous year. Early tracking had the film grossing around $100 million in its opening weekend, with some publications predicting it could reach $130 million.[101][102][103] By the time the film's release was 10 days away, analysts raised projections to as high as $150 million.[104][105] It earned $16.3 million from Thursday previews night, marking the biggest of 2017 (breaking Logan's record), the biggest ever for a Disney live-action film (breaking Maleficent's record), the second biggest ever for both a G or PG-rated film (behind the sixth Harry Potter film Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince which also starred Watson), and the third biggest ever in the month of March (behind Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and The Hunger Games).[106] An estimated 41% of the gross came from IMAX, 3D and premium large format screenings which began at 6 pm, while the rest\u201459%\u2014came from regular 2D shows which began at 7 p.m.[107] The numbers were considered more impressive given that the film played during a school week.[108]"}
{"id": "doc2876", "text": "Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: \"It's a Michelin-triple-starred master class in patisserie skills that transforms the cinematic equivalent of a sugar rush into a kind of crystal-meth-like narcotic high that lasts about two hours.\" Felperin also praised the performances of Watson and Kline as well the special effects, costume designs and the sets while commended the inclusion of Gad's character of LeFou as the first LGBT character in Disney.[181] Owen Gleiberman of Variety, in his positive review of the film, wrote: \"It's a lovingly crafted movie, and in many ways a good one, but before that it's an enraptured piece of old-is-new nostalgia.\" Gleiberman compared Steven's character of the Beast to a royal version of the titular character in The Elephant Man and the 1946 version of the Beast in Jean Cocteau's original adaptation.[182] A. O. Scott of The New York Times praised the performances of both Watson and Stevens, and wrote: \"It looks good, moves gracefully and leaves a clean and invigorating aftertaste. I almost didn't recognize the flavor: I think the name for it is joy.\"[183]"}
{"id": "doc2877", "text": "Likewise, The Washington Post's Ann Hornaday complimented Watson's performance, describing it as \"alert and solemn\" while noting her singing ability as \"serviceable enough to get the job done\".[184] Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three and a half stars, lauded the performances of Watson and Thompson which he drew a comparison to Paige O'Hara's and Angela Lansbury's performances in the 1991 animated version while appreciating the performances of the other cast and also pointing out on its usage of the combination of motion capture and CGI technology as a big advantage which he stated: \"Almost overwhelmingly lavish, beautifully staged and performed with exquisite timing and grace by the outstanding cast\".[185] Mike Ryan of Uproxx praised the cast, production design and the new songs while noting the film doesn't try anything different, saying: \"There's certainly nothing that new about this version of Beauty and the Beast (well, except it isn't a cartoon anymore), but it's a good recreation of a classic animated film that should leave most die-hards satisfied.\"[186] In her A- review, Nancy Churnin of The Dallas Morning News praised the film's emotional and thematic depth, remarking: \"There's an emotional authenticity in director Bill Condon's live-action Beauty and the Beast film that helps you rediscover Disney's beloved 1991 animated film and 1994 stage show in fresh, stirring ways.\"[187] James Berardinelli of ReelViews described the 2017 version as \"enthralling\".[188]"}
{"id": "doc2878", "text": "Brian Truitt of USA Today commended the performances of Evans, Gad, McGregor and Thompson alongside Condon's affinity with musicals, the production design, visual effects featured in some of the song numbers including new songs made by the composers Alan Menken and Tim Rice, particularly Evermore which he described the new song with a potential for an Academy Award for Best Original Song.[189] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone rated the film three out of four stars which he deemed it as an \"exhilarating gift\" while he remarked that \"Beauty and the Beast does justice to Disney's animated classic, even if some of the magic is M.I.A (Missing in Action)\".[190] Stephanie Zacharek of Time magazine gave a positive review with a description as \"Wild, Vivid and Crazy-Beautiful\" as she wrote \"Nearly everything about Beauty and the Beast is larger than life, to the point that watching it can be a little overwhelming.\" and added that \"it\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s loaded with feeling, almost like a brash interpretive dance expressing the passion and elation little girls (and some boys, too) must have felt upon seeing the earlier version.\"[191] The San Francisco Chronicle's Mick LaSalle struck an affirmative tone, calling it one of the joys of 2017, stating that \"Beauty and the Beast creates an air of enchantment from its first moments, one that lingers and builds and takes on qualities of warmth and generosity as it goes along\" while referring the film as \"beautiful\" and also praised the film for its emotional and psychological tone as well Steven's motion capture performance.[192]"}
{"id": "doc2882", "text": "Controversy erupted after director Bill Condon said there was a \"gay moment\" in the film, when LeFou briefly waltzes with Stanley, one of Gaston's friends.[235] Afterwards in an interview with Vulture.com, Condon stated, \"Can I just say, I\u2019m sort of sick of this. Because you've seen the movie\u2014it's such a tiny thing, and it's been overblown.\" Condon also added that Beauty and the Beast features much more diversity than just the highly talked-about LeFou: \"That was so important. We have interracial couples\u2014this is a celebration of everybody's individuality, and that's what\u2019s exciting about it.\u201d[236] GLAAD president and CEO Sarah Kate Ellis praised the move stating, \"It is a small moment in the film, but it is a huge leap forward for the film industry.\"[237]"}
{"id": "doc3001", "text": "Two similar overlays \u2013 Country Bear Christmas Special and It's a Small World Holiday \u2013 had already been successful for some time when Haunted Mansion Holiday was developed.[2] Initially, Disney considered doing a retelling of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, but decided against it due to the attraction's setting in New Orleans Square and the incongruity of bringing Santa Claus into the eerie environment of the Haunted Mansion.[3] Instead, they decided to base it on The Nightmare Before Christmas after considering which Disney character would celebrate Christmas in the Haunted Mansion, should Santa Claus ever land there on his journey. Steve Davison took the idea and worked with Walt Disney Creative Entertainment to develop the overlay.[3]"}
{"id": "doc3011", "text": "The Happy Haunts finally begin to materialize in the ballroom. A cake sits on the table that bears resemblance to the spiral hill from Halloween town, but covered in snow. An immense, dead Christmas tree is in the middle of the room, with glowing skull and jack-o-lantern ornaments and ascending and desscending spider ornaments. Ghosts dance right through the tree while a ghost organist plays Kidnap the Sandy Claws as a waltz."}
{"id": "doc3668", "text": "The judicial branch is headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, currently Maite Oronoz Rodr\u00edguez. Members of the judicial branch are appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate."}
{"id": "doc4147", "text": "While most executive agencies have a single director, administrator, or secretary appointed by the President of the United States, independent agencies (in the narrower sense of being outside presidential control) almost always have a commission, board, or similar collegial body consisting of five to seven members who share power over the agency.[2] (This is why many independent agencies include the word \"Commission\" or \"Board\" in their name.) The president appoints the commissioners or board members, subject to Senate confirmation, but they often serve terms that are staggered and longer than a four-year presidential term,[4] meaning that most presidents will not have the opportunity to appoint all the commissioners of a given independent agency. The president can normally designate which commissioner will serve as the chairperson.[4] Normally there are statutory provisions limiting the president's authority to remove commissioners, typically for incapacity, neglect of duty, malfeasance, or other good cause.[5] In addition, most independent agencies have a statutory requirement of bipartisan membership on the commission, so the president cannot simply fill vacancies with members of his own political party.[4]"}
{"id": "doc4611", "text": "Another type of octane rating, called Motor Octane Number (MON), is determined at 900 rpm engine speed instead of the 600 rpm for RON.[1] MON testing uses a similar test engine to that used in RON testing, but with a preheated fuel mixture, higher engine speed, and variable ignition timing to further stress the fuel's knock resistance. Depending on the composition of the fuel, the MON of a modern pump gasoline will be about 8 to 12 octane lower than the RON, but there is no direct link between RON and MON. Pump gasoline specifications typically require both a minimum RON and a minimum MON.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc5734", "text": "All around the mulberry bush,\nThe monkey chased the weasel.\nThe monkey stopped to pull up his sock, (or The monkey stopped to scratch his nose) (or The monkey fell down and oh what a sound)\nPop! goes the weasel.\n\nHalf a pound of tuppenny rice,\nHalf a pound of treacle.\nMix it up and make it nice,\nPop! goes the weasel."}
{"id": "doc6531", "text": "Article Two of the United States Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government, which carries out and enforces federal laws. The executive branch includes the President, the Vice President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees."}
{"id": "doc6540", "text": "As far as presidential appointments, as with treaties a person is not officially and legally appointed to a position until their appointment is approved by the Senate. Prior to Senate approval and publication of that approval along with an official date and time for their swearing-in and assumption of duties and responsibilities, they are nominees rather than appointees. And again, the President nominates people for specific positions at their pleasure and can do so without or in spite of Senate advice. Senate consent occurs when a supermajority of senators votes to approve and therefore appoint a nominee."}
{"id": "doc6583", "text": "He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States."}
{"id": "doc6858", "text": "Railroads are credited with creating the modern business enterprise by scholars such as Alfred Chandler. Previously, the management of most businesses had consisted of individual owners or groups of partners, some of whom often had little daily hands-on operations involvement. Centralized expertise in the home office was not enough. A railroad required expertise available across the whole length of its trackage, to deal with daily crises, breakdowns and bad weather. A collision in Massachusetts in 1841 led to a call for safety reform. This led to the reorganization of railroads into different departments with clear lines of management authority. When the telegraph became available, companies built telegraph lines along the railroads to keep track of trains.[86]"}
{"id": "doc6964", "text": "In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s. Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution. Alternatives to natural selection suggested during \"the eclipse of Darwinism\" (c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism). Mendelian genetics, a series of 19th-century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900, was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher, J. B. S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s, and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics. During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe modern synthesis."}
{"id": "doc7018", "text": "The concept of evolution was widely accepted in scientific circles within a few years of the publication of Origin, but the acceptance of natural selection as its driving mechanism was much less widespread. The four major alternatives to natural selection in the late 19th century were theistic evolution, neo-Lamarckism, orthogenesis, and saltationism. Alternatives supported by biologists at other times included structuralism, Georges Cuvier's teleological but non-evolutionary functionalism, and vitalism."}
{"id": "doc7023", "text": "The rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance in 1900 ignited a fierce debate between two camps of biologists. In one camp were the Mendelians, who were focused on discrete variations and the laws of inheritance. They were led by William Bateson (who coined the word genetics) and Hugo de Vries (who coined the word mutation). Their opponents were the biometricians, who were interested in the continuous variation of characteristics within populations. Their leaders, Karl Pearson and Walter Frank Raphael Weldon, followed in the tradition of Francis Galton, who had focused on measurement and statistical analysis of variation within a population. The biometricians rejected Mendelian genetics on the basis that discrete units of heredity, such as genes, could not explain the continuous range of variation seen in real populations. Weldon's work with crabs and snails provided evidence that selection pressure from the environment could shift the range of variation in wild populations, but the Mendelians maintained that the variations measured by biometricians were too insignificant to account for the evolution of new species.[103][104]"}
{"id": "doc7091", "text": "The semicolon or semi colon[1] (;) is a punctuation mark that separates major sentence elements. A semicolon can be used between two closely related independent clauses, provided they are not already joined by a coordinating conjunction. Semicolons can also be used in place of commas to separate items in a list, particularly when the elements of that list contain commas.[2]"}
{"id": "doc7093", "text": "Although terminal marks (i.e. full stops, exclamation marks, and question marks) mark the end of a sentence, the comma, semicolon and colon are normally sentence internal, making them secondary boundary marks. The semicolon falls between terminal marks and the comma; its strength is equal to that of the colon.[5]"}
{"id": "doc7096", "text": "In Arabic, the semicolon is called F\u0101\u1e63ila Manq\u016b\u1e6da (Arabic: \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0629\u200e) which means literally \"a dotted comma\", and is written inverted (\u00a0\u061b\u00a0). In Arabic, the semicolon has several uses:"}
{"id": "doc7099", "text": "In French, a semicolon (point-virgule, literally 'dot-comma') is a separation between two full sentences, used where either a colon or a comma would not be appropriate. The phrase following a semicolon has to be an independent clause, which is related to the previous one (but not explaining it, contrary to a sentence introduced by a colon)."}
{"id": "doc7106", "text": "In computer programming, the semicolon is often used to separate multiple statements (for example, in Perl, Pascal, PL/I, and SQL; see Pascal: Semicolons as statement separators). In other languages, semicolons are called terminators[14] and are required after every statement (such as in Java, and the C family). Today semicolons as terminators has largely won out, but this was a divisive issue in programming languages from the 1960s into the 1980s.[15] An influential and frequently-cited study in this debate was Gannon & Horning (1975), which concluded strongly in favor of semicolon as a terminator:"}
{"id": "doc7108", "text": "The study has been criticized as flawed by proponents of semicolon as a separator,[17] due to participants being familiar with a semicolon-as-terminator language and unrealistically strict grammar. Nevertheless, the debate ended in favor of semicolon as terminator. Therefore, semicolon provides structure to the programming language."}
{"id": "doc7112", "text": "In some cases the distinction between a separator and a terminator is strong, such as early versions of Pascal, where a final semicolon yields a syntax error. In other cases a final semicolon is treated either as optional syntax, or as being followed by a null statement, which is either ignored or treated as a NOP (no operation or null command); compare trailing commas in lists. In some cases a blank statement is allowed, allowing a sequence of semicolons or the use of a semicolon by itself as the body of a control flow structure. For example, a blank statement (a semicolon by itself) stands for a NOP in C/C++, which is useful in busy waiting synchronization loops."}
{"id": "doc7116", "text": "The semicolon is often used to separate elements of a string of text. For example, multiple e-mail addresses in the \"To\" field in some e-mail clients have to be delimited by a semicolon."}
{"id": "doc7119", "text": "In HTML, a semicolon is used to terminate a character entity reference, either named or numeric."}
{"id": "doc7120", "text": "In some delimiter-separated values file formats, the semicolon is used as the separator character, as an alternative to comma-separated values."}
{"id": "doc7161", "text": "The episode's teleplay was written by Shana Goldberg-Meehan & Scott Silveri from a story by Michael Borkow (part one) and Jill Condon & Amy Toomin (part two). The episode's genesis came during the break between seasons three and four, when Channel 4, the British first-run broadcaster of Friends proposed an episode set in the United Kingdom to the series producers. The proposal fitted neatly with a storyline already being planned, whereby the character of Ross would be married at the end of the fourth season. The episode was filmed in March 1998 under the direction of executive producer Kevin S. Bright on locations in London, and in front of a live studio audience at The Fountain Studios. Scenes featuring Lisa Kudrow's character Phoebe Buffay were filmed on the show's sets in Burbank, California, as Kudrow was too pregnant to fly to London with the rest of the cast. Kudrow gave birth to her son on the day of the episode's original airing."}
{"id": "doc7163", "text": "Part 1 begins as the group heads off to Ross's wedding in London leaving behind a heavily pregnant Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow), and Rachel (Jennifer Aniston), who has declined the invitation. In London, Joey (Matt LeBlanc) and Chandler (Matthew Perry) go see the sights in a musical montage featuring The Clash's song \"London Calling\", with Joey filming everything on his camcorder. Chandler becomes embarrassed by his friend's enthusiasm, and after Joey buys a large Union Flag hat from a vendor (played by guest star Richard Branson), they part company. They reunite in their hotel room and Chandler apologizes. Joey impresses him with a video recording of Sarah, Duchess of York (who played herself). Emily takes Ross to the hall where the wedding will be, but they discover it is being demolished earlier than originally scheduled. Monica later suggests Emily postpone the wedding until everything is perfect. She passes the thought on to Ross, angering him; he tells her people have flown from America to be there and that it is \"now or never\"; she chooses \"never\". Monica berates Ross for his insensitivity and Ross apologizes to Emily, showing her the ceremony can still take place in the half-demolished hall that he has tidied up. She agrees. In New York, Rachel realizes she still loves Ross, and flies to London to tell him.[1]"}
{"id": "doc7165", "text": "During the summer hiatus of 1997 the producers were contacted by Channel 4, the British first-run broadcaster of Friends, with a proposal to film an episode in London. Producer Greg Malins is quoted as saying \"We had to come up with a storyline that would cause all the Friends to go to London [...] and that ended up being Ross getting married, because they would all have to go to his wedding\".[2]"}
{"id": "doc7166", "text": "The episode featured numerous supporting roles from British actors. For her role as Andrea Waltham, Saunders \"heard Joan Collins' voice in [her] head\".[3] Her Absolutely Fabulous co-star June Whitfield appeared in cameo as the housekeeper. Felicity, the bridesmaid who Joey entices, is played by Olivia Williams. Further cameos were made by Sarah Ferguson as herself, Richard Branson as the vendor who sells Joey a hat, and Hugh Laurie as the man sitting next to Rachel on the plane. Lisa Kudrow did not join the others in London as she was too heavily pregnant to fly, like her character Phoebe. Elliott Gould inadvertently revealed to the public that Rachel was to turn up at the wedding, upsetting Marta Kauffman.[4]"}
{"id": "doc8158", "text": "Big East\n1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012"}
{"id": "doc8220", "text": "The 2014\u201315 regular season started with an overtime loss to Stanford in the second game of the season, ending a 47-games winning streak for UConn. Led by juniors Stewart and Jefferson and senior Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis, UConn quickly recovered winning every other season game, including a 76\u201358 win against rival Notre Dame. In the National Tournament, both Connecticut and Notre Dame were seeded first in their respective playoff brackets; each advanced to the Final Four held in Tampa, Florida. Connecticut defeated Maryland 81\u201358, while Notre Dame narrowly beat South Carolina, 66\u201365, in the semifinals."}
{"id": "doc8477", "text": "\"Ticket to Ride\" appears in a sequence in the Beatles' second feature film, Help!, directed by Richard Lester. Live performances by the band were included in the Beatles at Shea Stadium concert film, on the live album documenting their concerts at the Hollywood Bowl, and on the 1996 Anthology 2 box set. In 1969, \"Ticket to Ride\" was covered by the Carpenters, whose version peaked at number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100."}
{"id": "doc9324", "text": "Republican leaders, however, staunchly opposed any attempts to modify the party position on slavery, appalled by what they considered a surrender of their principles when, for example, all the ninety-two Republican members of Congress voted for the Crittenden-Montgomery bill in 1858. Although this compromise measure blocked Kansas' entry into the union as a slave state, the fact that it called for popular sovereignty, rather than outright opposition to the expansion of slavery, was troubling to the party leaders.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc9798", "text": "The filming of the first season began in November 2015 and was extensively done in Atlanta, Georgia, with The Duffer Brothers and Levy handling the direction of individual episodes.[71] Jackson served as the basis of the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana.[72][73] Other shooting locations included the Georgia Mental Health Institute as the Hawkins National Laboratory site, Bellwood Quarry, Patrick Henry High School in Stockbridge, Georgia, for the middle and high school scenes,[74] Emory University\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Continuing Education Department, the former city hall in Douglasville, Georgia, Georgia International Horse Park, the probate court in Butts County, Georgia, Old East Point Library and East Point First Baptist Church in East Point, Georgia, Fayetteville, Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, Palmetto, Georgia, and Winston, Georgia.[75] Set work was done at Screen Gem Studios in Atlanta.[75] The series was filmed with a Red Dragon digital camera.[66] Filming for the first season concluded in early 2016.[72]"}
{"id": "doc10388", "text": "In November 2007 and 2008, the Center hosted the semifinals and finals of college basketball's Legends Classic.[33]"}
{"id": "doc10855", "text": "\"The Wedding of River Song\" was one of the last episodes filmed for the series; 29 April 2011 was the last day of filming.[8] However, a scene from \"Let's Kill Hitler\" was delayed and shot on 11 July 2011, making that the last day of filming for the series.[11][12] American television hostess Meredith Vieira recorded her report of Churchill's return to the Buckingham Senate in front of a green screen while filming a segment for The Today Show's \"Anchors Abroad\" segment in May 2011.[13]"}
{"id": "doc11639", "text": "A pattern of political and financial motivation, and a lack of understanding of the geography and ecology of the Everglades have plagued the history of drainage projects. The Everglades are a part of a massive watershed that originates near Orlando and drains into Lake Okeechobee, a vast and shallow lake. As the lake exceeds its capacity in the wet season, the water forms a flat and very wide river, about 100 miles (160\u00a0km) long and 60 miles (97\u00a0km) wide. As the land from Lake Okeechobee slopes gradually to Florida Bay, water flows at a rate of half a mile (0.8\u00a0km) a day. Before human activity in the Everglades, the system comprised the lower third of the Florida peninsula. The first attempt to drain the region was made by real estate developer Hamilton Disston in 1881. Disston's sponsored canals were unsuccessful, but the land he purchased for them stimulated economic and population growth that attracted railway developer Henry Flagler. Flagler built a railroad along the east coast of Florida and eventually to Key West; towns grew and farmland was cultivated along the rail line."}
{"id": "doc11640", "text": "During his 1904\u00c2\u00a0campaign to be elected governor, Napoleon Bonaparte Broward promised to drain the Everglades, and his later projects were more effective than Disston's. Broward's promises sparked a land boom facilitated by blatant errors in an engineer's report, pressure from real estate developers, and the burgeoning tourist industry throughout south Florida. The increased population brought hunters who went unchecked and had a devastating impact on the numbers of wading birds (hunted for their plumes), alligators, and other Everglades animals."}
{"id": "doc11646", "text": "The final blame for the military stalemate was determined to lie not in military preparation, supplies, leadership, or superior tactics by the Seminoles, but in Florida's impenetrable terrain. An army surgeon wrote: \"It is in fact a most hideous region to live in, a perfect paradise for Indians, alligators, serpents, frogs, and every other kind of loathsome reptile.\"[8] The land seemed to inspire extreme reactions of wonder or hatred. In 1870, an author described the mangrove forests as a \"waste of nature's grandest exhibition to have these carnivals of splendid vegetation occurring in isolated places where it is but seldom they are seen.\"[9] A band of hunters, naturalists, and collectors ventured through in 1885, taking along with them the 17-year-old grandson of an early resident of Miami. The landscape unnerved the young man shortly after he entered the Shark River: \"The place looked wild and lonely. About three o'clock it seemed to get on Henry's nerves and we saw him crying, he would not tell us why, he was just plain scared.\"[10]"}
{"id": "doc11655", "text": "After the Civil War, an agency named the Internal Improvement Fund (IIF), charged with using grant money to improve Florida's infrastructure through canals, rail lines, and roads, was eager to be rid of the debt incurred by the Civil War. IIF trustees found a Pennsylvania real estate developer named Hamilton Disston who was interested in implementing plans to drain the land for agriculture. Disston was persuaded to buy 4,000,000 acres (16,000\u00a0km2) of land for $1\u00a0million in 1881.[15] The New York Times declared it the largest purchase of land ever by any individual.[16] Disston began building canals near St. Cloud to lower the basin of the Caloosahatchee and Kissimmee Rivers. His workers and engineers faced conditions similar to those of the soldiers during the Seminole Wars; it was harrowing, backbreaking labor in dangerous conditions. The canals seemed at first to work in lowering the water levels in the wetlands surrounding the rivers. Another dredged waterway between the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Okeechobee was built, opening the region to steamboat traffic.[17]"}
{"id": "doc11659", "text": "The winter of 1894\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1895 produced a bitter frost that killed citrus trees as far south as Palm Beach. Miami resident Julia Tuttle sent Flagler a pristine orange blossom and an invitation to visit Miami, to persuade him to build the railroad farther south. Although he had earlier turned her down several times, Flagler finally agreed, and by 1896 the rail line had been extended to Biscayne Bay.[25] Three months after the first train arrived, the residents of Miami, 512 in all, voted to incorporate the town. Flagler publicized Miami as a \"Magic City\" throughout the United States and it became a prime destination for the extremely wealthy after the Royal Palm Hotel was opened.[26]"}
{"id": "doc11669", "text": "In the 1920s, after birds were protected and alligators hunted nearly to extinction, Prohibition created a living for those willing to smuggle alcohol into the U.S. from Cuba. Rum-runners used the vast Everglades as a hiding spot: there were never enough law enforcement officers to patrol it.[48] The advent of the fishing industry, the arrival of the railroad, and the discovery of the benefits of adding copper to Okeechobee muck soon created unprecedented numbers of residents in new towns like Moore Haven, Clewiston, and Belle Glade. By 1921, 2,000\u00a0people lived in 16\u00a0new towns around Lake Okeechobee.[3] Sugarcane became the primary crop grown in south Florida and it began to be mass-produced. Miami experienced a second real estate boom that earned a developer in Coral Gables $150\u00a0million and saw undeveloped land north of Miami sell for $30,600 an acre.[49] Miami became cosmopolitan and experienced a renaissance of architecture and culture. Hollywood movie stars vacationed in the area and industrialists built lavish homes. Miami's population multiplied fivefold, and Ft.\u00a0Lauderdale and Palm Beach grew many times over as well. In 1925, Miami newspapers published editions weighing over 7 pounds (3.2\u00a0kg), most of it real estate advertising.[50] Waterfront property was the most highly valued. Mangrove trees were cut down and replaced with palm trees to improve the view. Acres of south Florida slash pine were taken down, some for lumber, but the wood was found to be dense and it split apart when nails were driven into it. It was also termite-resistant, but homes were needed quickly. Most of the pine forests in Dade County were cleared for development.[51]"}
{"id": "doc11699", "text": "Here is the amendment as ratified by the States and authenticated by Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State:[35]"}
{"id": "doc11739", "text": "In late August 1789, the House debated and modified the Second Amendment. These debates revolved primarily around risk of \"mal-administration of the government\" using the \"religiously scrupulous\" clause to destroy the militia as Great Britain had attempted to destroy the militia at the commencement of the American Revolution. These concerns were addressed by modifying the final clause, and on August 24, the House sent the following version to the Senate:"}
{"id": "doc12271", "text": "The origin of Kermit's name is a subject of some debate. It is often claimed that Kermit was named after Henson's childhood friend Kermit Scott, from Leland, Mississippi.[5][6] However, Karen Falk, head archivist and board of directors member for the Jim Henson Legacy organization, denies this claim on the Jim Henson Company's website:"}
{"id": "doc13999", "text": "Marvin is a male given name, derived from the Welsh name Mervyn.[1] It is also found as a surname. Marven is a variant form."}
{"id": "doc14361", "text": "The original manuscript of the speech is stored with the National Archives and Records Administration."}
{"id": "doc14528", "text": "A coronation begins with the procession into Westminster Abbey."}
{"id": "doc14746", "text": "The beginning of season five saw, for the first time, Clark and Lana in a happy relationship together, one that was void of dishonesty and secrets. The return of Clark's powers in \"Hidden\", as well as the secrets and lies that accompany them, caused stress on their relationship. In the series' 100th episode, Clark finally took a chance and told Lana the truth. When it resulted, indirectly, in her death and he was allowed to live the day over again Clark chose not to tell her his secret. In \"Hypnotic\", in an effort to stop hurting Lana emotionally, Clark told her that he no longer loved her. This drove Lana into Lex's arms. Writer Darren Swimmer explains that this was not something that just happened in the series, but something that had been hinted at for many seasons. Swimmer believes that Lana started dating Lex as a way of making Clark mad, but the relationship \"turned into much more\". Kreuk contends that Lana went to Lex because \"she knows she will never really love him.\" Kreuk believes that Lana's relationship with the men in her life has been motivated by a desire to fill a void in her life that was left after her parents were killed. This need to fill that emptiness was fulfilled in \"Void\", when Lana took a drug to induce death so that she could see her parents in the afterlife. Upon meeting her parents, Kreuk believes that Lana realized that she no longer needed someone else to fill that hole in her. Kreuk sees this filled void as the reason why Lana would gravitate toward Lex. Although she did not truly love Lex, Kreuk argues that Lex was not a rebound guy and that Lana did have feelings for him.\"[43]"}
{"id": "doc15095", "text": "Each of the Three Pure Ones represents both a deity and a heaven. Yuanshi Tianzun rules the first heaven, Yu-Qing, which is found in the Jade Mountain. The entrance to this heaven is named the Golden Door. \"He is the source of all truth, as the sun is the source of all light\". Lingbao Tianzun rules over the heaven of Shang-Qing. Daode Tianzun rules over the heaven of Tai-Qing. The Three Pure Ones are often depicted as throned elders."}
{"id": "doc15890", "text": "In The Friends of Voltaire, Hall wrote the phrase: \"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it\"[4] (which is often misattributed to Voltaire himself) as an illustration of Voltaire's beliefs.[5][6][7] Hall's quotation is often cited to describe the principle of freedom of speech."}
{"id": "doc16766", "text": "Two British film industry officials requested that the film be shot in the United Kingdom, offering their assistance in securing filming locations, the use of Leavesden Film Studios, as well as changing the UK's child labour laws (adding a small number of working hours per week and making the timing of on-set classes more flexible).[12] Warner Bros. accepted their proposal. Filming began on 17 September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and concluded on 23 March 2001,[42] with final work being done in July.[34][43] Principal photography took place on 2 October 2000 at North Yorkshire's Goathland railway station.[44] Canterbury Cathedral and Scotland's Inverailort Castle were both touted as possible locations for Hogwarts; Canterbury rejected Warner Bros. proposal due to concerns about the film's \"pagan\" theme.[45][46] Alnwick Castle and Gloucester Cathedral were eventually selected as the principal locations for Hogwarts,[12] with some scenes also being filmed at Harrow School.[47] Other Hogwarts scenes were filmed in Durham Cathedral over a two-week period;[48] these included shots of the corridors and some classroom scenes.[49] Oxford University's Divinity School served as the Hogwarts Hospital Wing, and Duke Humfrey's Library, part of the Bodleian, was used as the Hogwarts Library.[50] Filming for Privet Drive took place on Picket Post Close in Bracknell, Berkshire.[48] Filming in the street took two days instead of the planned single day, so payments to the street's residents were correspondingly increased.[48] For all the subsequent film's scenes set in Privet Drive, filming took place on a constructed set in Leavesden Film Studios, which proved to have been cheaper than filming on location.[51] London's Australia House was selected as the location for Gringotts Wizarding Bank,[12] while Christ Church, Oxford was the location for the Hogwarts trophy room.[52] London Zoo was used as the location for the scene in which Harry accidentally sets a snake on Dudley,[52] with King's Cross Station also being used as the book specifies.[53]"}
{"id": "doc17330", "text": "Pansy was portrayed by Katherine Nicholson in the Philosopher's Stone and in the Chamber of Secrets, Genevieve Gaunt in Prisoner of Azkaban, Charlotte Ritchie in the Goblet of Fire, Lauren Shotton in Order of Phoenix, by Scarlett Byrne in Half-Blood Prince, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 and Part 2."}
{"id": "doc17481", "text": "Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been James's first choice for the role of Christian Grey,[34] but James felt that casting Pattinson and his Twilight co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be \"weird\".[35] Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian.[36][37] Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series The Vampire Diaries.[38] On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively.[39] The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia included Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones.[40] Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role.[41] Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film.[42] Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required.[43] Taylor-Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of Anastasia four pages to read of a monologue from Ingmar Bergman's Persona.[33]"}
{"id": "doc17808", "text": "Principal photography began on November 2, 2016, in Los Angeles, California. With a production budget of over $100 million, the film became the first live-action film with a nine-digit budget to be directed by a woman of color. A Wrinkle in Time premired at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, and with a theatrical release on March 9, 2018, through the Disney Digital 3-D, Real D 3D, and IMAX formats.[6] The film received mixed reviews, with critics \"taking issue with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes\" while \"celebrating its message of female empowerment and diversity\",[7] and has grossed $124 million worldwide against a break-even point of $400 million, thus being a box office bomb.[8][9]"}
{"id": "doc18264", "text": "The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017\u201318 season. The 80th edition of the tournament began on March 13, 2018, and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas."}
{"id": "doc18273", "text": "National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship)"}
{"id": "doc18274", "text": "For the fourth time, the Alamodome and city of San Antonio are hosting the Final Four. This is the first tournament since 1994 in which no games were played in an NFL stadium, as the Alamodome is a college football stadium, although the Alamodome hosted some home games for the New Orleans Saints during their 2005 season. The 2018 tournament featured three new arenas in previous host cities. Philips Arena, the home of the Atlanta Hawks and replacement for the previously used Omni Coliseum, hosted the South regional games, and the new Little Caesars Arena, home of the Detroit Pistons and Detroit Red Wings, hosted games. And for the first time since 1994, the tournament returned to Wichita and the state of Kansas where Intrust Bank Arena hosted first round games."}
{"id": "doc18814", "text": "The miniseries stars Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs as the Jacksons' patriarch Joseph Jackson, Angela Bassett as the family matriarch Katherine Jackson, Alex Burrall, Jason Weaver and Wylie Draper played Michael Jackson in different eras, while Bumper Robinson and Terrence Howard played Jackie Jackson in different eras, Shakiem Jamar Evans and Angel Vargas played Tito Jackson, Margaret Avery as Katherine's mother Martha Scruse, Holly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross, Billy Dee Williams as Berry Gordy and Vanessa L. Williams as Suzanne de Passe. The opening titles of the film shows footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing, performing on stage, a few clips from the \"Can You Feel It\" music video, album covers, magazine covers and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, who issued the 1990 autobiography, My Family. Part one of the film was based on how Joseph and Katherine managed to raise their children, first in Gary, Indiana, then later dealing with The Jackson 5's early fame and its consequences. Part two of the film is based on the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he deals with his brothers marrying early into The Jackson 5 success, his problems with acne as a teenager, his eventual solo superstardom based on the success of his albums Off the Wall and Thriller and his legendary Motown 25 performance of \"Billie Jean\" as well as his difficult relationship with his father."}
{"id": "doc18842", "text": "Gemma has been hiding in Rogue River, Oregon with Tig at the home of Gemma's father, Nate (Hal Holbrook), who suffers from dementia. Gemma struggles when she takes Nate to his new assisted living home, and he pleads to be taken back to his house. She returns to Charming to reunite with her grandson, unaware he has been kidnapped. The return of A.T.F. agent Stahl twists the facts about the murder of Donna, Stahl attempts to make a deal with Jax behind the club's back. Father Kellan Ashby's sister, Maureen, contacts Gemma at Ashby's request and tells her Abel is safe in Belfast. Upon learning of her grandson's abduction, Gemma suffers a cardiac arrhythmia and collapses in the Teller-Morrow lot. After the club returns from Ireland and brings home Abel, agent Stahl double crosses Jax and tells the club about the side deal Jax made with her, unaware that Jax and the club had it planned all along knowing Stahl would back out of the deal. Jax, Clay, Bobby, Tig, Juice and Happy are hauled away to jail. While Opie, Chibbs, and the Prospects are all en route following Stahl. Opie kills Stahl to avenge the death of his wife, Donna."}
{"id": "doc19185", "text": "In the last season of the series, Leo was the target of the Angel of Death.[episodes 28] The sisters searched for a key to undo his death sentence. Piper summoned both an Elder and an Avatar to give Leo a new lease on life, but both were forbidden to do so. In turn the sisters summoned the Angel of Destiny, who warned them of an impending great evil force, that Leo's death would be the only motivation to give the sisters the will to fight the great evil, in the same manner that their sister Prue's death motivated them to defeat The Source. So Piper begged the Angel of Destiny for a compromise, insisting that if they were to fight for Leo's life instead, that would be even more strongly motivating to defeat said coming great evil. So it's decided that Leo will be frozen in stasis only to be returned if they succeed in defeating this great evil. Only then can they save his life and have him returned to Piper.[episodes 28]"}
{"id": "doc20601", "text": "When famous singer/actor Johnny Fontane seeks his godfather Vito's help in securing a movie role that could revitalize his sagging career, Vito dispatches Hagen to Hollywood to persuade Jack Woltz, a big-time movie producer, to cast Johnny in his new war film. Hagen offers his benefactor's help with Woltz's union problems and also informs him that one of his actors has graduated from marijuana to heroin; a deleted scene in the movie shows that this information would be used to damage Woltz's studio. Woltz rebuffs Hagen but becomes cordial after learning he works for the Corleones. Woltz still refuses to cast Fontane, who slept with one of Woltz's prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, but offers to do any other favor for Vito Corleone. Hagen declines, and soon afterward, Woltz awakens in bed with his prized racing stallion's severed head planted under the covers, intimidating him into casting Fontane in the film."}
{"id": "doc21277", "text": "In 1907, he passed his matriculation examination and in the following year he entered Elphinstone College, which was affiliated to the University of Bombay, becoming the first untouchable to do so. This success evoked much celebration among untouchables and after a public ceremony, he was presented with a biography of the Buddha by Dada Keluskar, the author and a family friend.[1]"}
{"id": "doc21339", "text": "One major change to the Sims 4 Create A Sim functionality is that sliders have been replaced by direct mouse click, drag and pull. Through mouse click, drag and pull players may directly manipulate the facial features of a Sim. Players can also directly manipulate any body part including the abdomen, chest, legs, arms and feet. In previous Sims games only the fitness and fatness can be manipulated on a Sims body. However, fitness and fatness levels may still be adjusted in The Sims 4 with sliders as in previous games. The base games comes with over 40 hairstyles for both men and women. There are up to 18 hair colour options per hairstyle. Selections of premade designs of Sims are available to choose from, ranging from different body shapes to ethnicities."}
{"id": "doc21340", "text": "Seven life stages are available including baby, toddler, child, teenager, young adult, adult and elder. The baby life stage is accessible only through the birth of a Sim and not available in Create A Sim. Toddlers were initially absent from the original game release, but were added in the January 2017 patch.[10][11]"}
{"id": "doc21347", "text": "On January 9, 2015, EA released a version of The Gallery for iOS and Android devices.[17]"}
{"id": "doc21350", "text": "The Sims 4 is a single-player game,[25] and does not require a constant Internet connection to play. Players will however need an Origin account and Internet access during the initial installation process for game activation.[26] Ilan Eshkeri serves as the composer for the game's orchestral soundtrack, which was recorded at Abbey Road Studios and performed by the London Metropolitan Orchestra.[27][28]"}
{"id": "doc21363", "text": "Maxis contended that it was not possible to include every feature in the new game that had been added over time in the six years The Sims 3 was in development, and that these could always be added at a later date, although they did not confirm exactly how this would be done, or whether it would be free or at a cost.[53] Some have speculated that many new features would be released through paid expansion packs, but others speculated that some of the more \"basic, core\" content (i.e. pools, toddlers) may be released as free patch updates, similar to how some new features were patched free into The Sims 3, such as basement features.[55]"}
{"id": "doc21368", "text": "Maxis and The Sims producer Rachel Rubin Franklin later elaborated in an official blog post, acknowledging the concerns of fans, and explained the issue on the developer's focus on The Sims 4's new core game engine technologies, and that the sacrifices the team had to make were a \"hard pill to swallow\":"}
{"id": "doc21372", "text": "However, on October 1, 2014, Maxis confirmed that one of its missing features, swimming pools, along with other new updates and features, would be added into the game for free in November, and this happened in the form of a game patch.[58][59][60] Other features like basements have later been added in subsequent patches, and the missing \"toddler\" life stage was eventually added for free in a patch released on January 12, 2017.[10][11]"}
{"id": "doc21378", "text": "At the aggregator site Metacritic, The Sims 4 received a score of 70 based on 74 reviews, indicating \"mixed or average\" reception.[4]"}
{"id": "doc21829", "text": "Beta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively lengthy decay times. Nucleons are composed of up or down quarks,[2] and the weak force allows a quark to change type by the exchange of a W boson and the creation of an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair. For example, a neutron, composed of two down quarks and an up quark, decays to a proton composed of a down quark and two up quarks. Decay times for many nuclides that are subject to beta decay can be thousands of years."}
{"id": "doc21831", "text": "The two types of beta decay are known as beta minus and beta plus. In beta minus (\u03b2\u2212) decay, a neutron is converted to a proton and the process creates an electron and an electron antineutrino; while in beta plus (\u03b2+) decay, a proton is converted to a neutron and the process creates a positron and an electron neutrino. \u03b2+ decay is also known as positron emission.[4]"}
{"id": "doc21832", "text": "Beta decay conserves a quantum number known as the lepton number, or the number of electrons and their associated neutrinos (other leptons are the muon and tau particles). These particles have lepton number +1, while their antiparticles have lepton number \u22121. Since a proton or neutron has lepton number zero, \u03b2+ decay (a positron, or antielectron) must be accompanied with an electron neutrino, while \u03b2\u2212 decay (an electron) must be accompanied by an electron antineutrino."}
{"id": "doc21841", "text": "The study of beta decay provided the first physical evidence for the existence of the neutrino. In both alpha and gamma decay, the resulting particle has a narrow energy distribution, since the particle carries the energy from the difference between the initial and final nuclear states. However, the kinetic energy distribution, or spectrum, of beta particles measured by Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn in 1911 and by Jean Danysz in 1913 showed multiple lines on a diffuse background. These measurements offered the first hint that beta particles have a continuous spectrum.[6] In 1914, James Chadwick used a magnetic spectrometer with one of Hans Geiger's new counters to make more accurate measurements which showed that the spectrum was continuous.[6][7] The distribution of beta particle energies was in apparent contradiction to the law of conservation of energy. If beta decay were simply electron emission as assumed at the time, then the energy of the emitted electron should have a particular, well-defined value.[8] For beta decay, however, the observed broad distribution of energies suggested that energy is lost in the beta decay process. This spectrum was puzzling for many years."}
{"id": "doc21844", "text": "In a famous letter written in 1930, Wolfgang Pauli attempted to resolve the beta-particle energy conundrum by suggesting that, in addition to electrons and protons, atomic nuclei also contained an extremely light neutral particle, which he called the neutron. He suggested that this \"neutron\" was also emitted during beta decay (thus accounting for the known missing energy, momentum, and angular momentum), but it had simply not yet been observed. In 1931, Enrico Fermi renamed Pauli's \"neutron\" the \"neutrino\" (roughly 'little neutral one' in Italian). In 1934, Fermi published his landmark theory for beta decay, where he applied the principles of quantum mechanics to matter particles, supposing that they can be created and annihilated, just as the light quanta in atomic transitions. Thus, according to Fermi, neutrinos are created in the beta-decay process, rather than contained in the nucleus; the same happens to electrons. The neutrino interaction with matter was so weak that detecting it proved a severe experimental challenge. Further indirect evidence of the existence of the neutrino was obtained by observing the recoil of nuclei that emitted such a particle after absorbing an electron. Neutrinos were finally detected directly in 1956 by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in the Cowan\u2013Reines neutrino experiment.[9] The properties of neutrinos were (with a few minor modifications) as predicted by Pauli and Fermi."}
{"id": "doc21856", "text": "An example of electron capture is one of the decay modes of krypton-81 into bromine-81:"}
{"id": "doc21871", "text": "The Q value is defined as the total energy released in a given nuclear decay. In beta decay, Q is therefore also the sum of the kinetic energies of the emitted beta particle, neutrino, and recoiling nucleus. (Because of the large mass of the nucleus compared to that of the beta particle and neutrino, the kinetic energy of the recoiling nucleus can generally be neglected.) Beta particles can therefore be emitted with any kinetic energy ranging from 0 to Q.[1] A typical Q is around 1\u00c2\u00a0MeV, but can range from a few keV to a few tens of MeV."}
{"id": "doc21872", "text": "Since the rest mass of the electron is 511\u00a0keV, the most energetic beta particles are ultrarelativistic, with speeds very close to the speed of light."}
{"id": "doc21875", "text": "where \n\n\n\n\nm\n\nN\n\n\n\n(\n\n\nX\n\n\n\n\nZ\n\n\nA\n\n\n\n)\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle m_{N}\\left({\\ce {^{\\mathit {A}}_{\\mathit {Z}}X}}\\right)}\n\n is the mass of the nucleus of the A\nZX atom, \n\n\n\n\nm\n\ne\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle m_{e}}\n\n is the mass of the electron, and \n\n\n\n\nm\n\n\n\n\n\u03bd\n\u00af\n\n\n\ne\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle m_{{\\overline {\\nu }}_{e}}}\n\n is the mass of the electron antineutrino. In other words, the total energy released is the mass energy of the initial nucleus, minus the mass energy of the final nucleus, electron, and antineutrino. The mass of the nucleus mN is related to the standard atomic mass m by"}
{"id": "doc21888", "text": "As an example, the beta decay spectrum of 210Bi (originally called RaE) is shown to the right."}
{"id": "doc21906", "text": "The phenomenon in fully ionized atoms was first observed for 163Dy66+ in 1992 by Jung et al. of the Darmstadt Heavy-Ion Research group. Although neutral 163Dy is a stable isotope, the fully ionized 163Dy66+ undergoes \u03b2\u00a0decay into the K and L shells with a half-life of 47\u00a0days.[38]"}
{"id": "doc22149", "text": "The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10\u00c2\u00a0years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named Walter Lett of raping her. The story and the trial were covered by her father's newspaper which reported that Lett was convicted and sentenced to death. After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died there of tuberculosis in 1937.[23] Scholars believe that Robinson's difficulties reflect the notorious case of the Scottsboro Boys,[24][25] in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence. However, in 2005, Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational, although the Scottsboro case served \"the same purpose\" to display Southern prejudices.[26] Emmett Till, a black teenager who was murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955, and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement, is also considered a model for Tom Robinson.[27]"}
{"id": "doc22915", "text": "Robinson is an English language patronymic surname, originating in England. It means \"son of Robin (a diminutive of Robert)\". There are similar surname spellings such as Robison and Robeson. Robinson is the 15th most common surname in the United Kingdom.[1] According to the 1990 United States Census, Robinson was the twentieth most frequently encountered surname among those reported, accounting for 0.23% of the population.[2]"}
{"id": "doc22983", "text": "The game was soft-launched in Canada, Hong Kong, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Finland and New Zealand for iOS platforms on January 4, 2016.[12] The game was soft-launched on Android for those same countries on February 16, 2016 in the form of an Android application package.[13] Both platforms received a global release on March 2, 2016.[5]"}
{"id": "doc23412", "text": "It was invoked as a symbol of steadfastness in poetry, as \"steadfast star\" by Spenser. Shakespeare's sonnet 116 is an example of the symbolism of the north star as a guiding principle: \"[Love] is the star to every wandering bark / Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.\" In Julius Caesar, he has Caesar explain his refusal to grant a pardon by saying, \"I am as constant as the northern star/Of whose true-fixed and resting quality/There is no fellow in the firmament./The skies are painted with unnumbered sparks,/They are all fire and every one doth shine,/But there\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s but one in all doth hold his place;/So in the world\" (III, i, 65-71). Of course, Polaris will not \"constantly\" remain as the north star due to precession, but this is only noticeable over centuries."}
{"id": "doc24299", "text": "A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love of a beautiful young woman named Belle who he imprisons in his castle. All this must be done before the last petal falls from the enchanted rose on his twenty-first birthday. In all animated film appearances, the Beast is voiced by American actor Robby Benson. The 1991 animated film was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1994, with the role being originated by American actor Terrence Mann. Dan Stevens portrays the character in a 2017 live-action adaptation of the original 1991 film."}
{"id": "doc24303", "text": "As opposed to his original counterpart, Disney gave him a more primal nature to his personality and mannerisms, which truly exploited his character as an untamed animal (i.e. alternating between walking and crawling, animal growls). Producer Don Hahn envisioned that the Beast's psychological state has become increasing feral the longer he was under the curse, such that he would eventually lose his last vestiges of humanity and become completely wild if the spell could not be broken. Hahn's idea doesn't manifest prominently in the finished 1991 animated film, since the Beast is only seen in a brief scene some time after his transformation while much of the narrative starts during the later period of the curse."}
{"id": "doc24305", "text": "To reflect his early personality, the Beast is seen shirtless, with ragged, dark gray breeches, and a ragged reddish-colored cape with a golden colored circular-shaped clasp. Despite the actual color of his cape being a dark reddish color, the Beast's cape is more often referenced to be purple (and in most of the Beast's subsequent appearances after the film, such as Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas or the Kingdom Hearts games, his cape is colored purple). The reason for this change in color is unknown, although the most likely reason is that the color purple is often associated with royalty. After the Beast saves Belle from a pack of wolves, his dress-style changes to become more formal and disciplined, reflecting a more refined personality as he attempts to win Belle's friendship and love. His most referenced form of dress is his ballroom outfit, which consisted of a golden vest over a white dress shirt with a white kerchief, black dress pants trimmed with gold, and a royal blue ballroom tail coat trimmed with gold, worn during the film's ballroom dance sequence."}
{"id": "doc24308", "text": "As the enchanted rose reaches late bloom and slowly wilts, the first outsider is an old man named Maurice who accidentally stumbles upon the castle, being allowed inside by the servants for shelter. However, the Beast detains Maurice in the tower as a prisoner for trespassing. Maurice's horse returns back to the village, and then takes Maurice's daughter Belle back to the castle. In the tower Belle confronts Beast and pleads with him to let her father go, offering herself as a prisoner instead, to which the Beast agrees in return for her promise never to leave. Being prodded by his servants into believing that she is the key to breaking the spell, the Beast shows flashes of compassion for the first time despite his overall gruff manner. For instance, he feels some remorse for ejecting her father without a proper farewell, and as an atonement he lets her stay in a furnished room rather than the tower dungeon and places the servants at her disposal. When she enters the castle's forbidden west wing and nearly touches the rose, he frightens her into fleeing the castle via the woods, which he regrets upon realizing that he lost his temper, then he saves her from being killed by wild wolves. The Beast and Belle come to appreciate each other when she brings him back to the castle and tends to his wounds. He strikes up a friendship with her, by giving her the castle library and learns kindness and manners from her. Eventually, the Beast falls in love with Belle, and placing her happiness before his own, he releases her to tend to her sick father, a decision that disheartens him upon realizing that she had not yet returned his love which means that the curse remains unbroken."}
{"id": "doc24310", "text": "In this film, which takes place not long after the Beast rescued Belle from the wolves, much to Beast's frustration, Belle wants to celebrate Christmas and throw a real Christmas party. Beast hates the idea of Christmas, for it was the very day almost ten years ago when the Enchantress cast the spell on him and the entire castle. (In contrast to the 1991 animated film where the Prince is depicted in stained-glass windows wearing royal regalia and armor before being cursed, the Prince in Enchanted Christmas is dressed simply in a white shirt and black breeches prior to his transformation.) While Beast sits most of the preparations out, a treacherous servant plots to have Belle thrown out of the castle: Forte the Pipe Organ, since he is far more appreciated by the Beast while under the spell."}
{"id": "doc24311", "text": "Unknown to Beast, Belle writes him a special book which he doesn't see until later on. She also meets Forte later on in a chance meeting. Forte tells her that Beast's favorite Christmas tradition was the Christmas tree. Belle becomes frustrated, for no tree she has seen on the grounds has been tall enough to hang ornaments. Forte lies to Belle, saying that a perfect tree can be found in the woods beyond the castle. Reluctant to go against Beast's orders that she never leave the castle, Belle leaves nonetheless in order to find the perfect tree. When Belle does not arrive to see Beast's Christmas present to her, he begins to suspect that she isn't there at all. When Cogsworth, having been ordered to retrieve Belle, explains that the household cannot find her, Beast becomes enraged. He goes to Forte to ask for advice, and Forte lies that Belle has abandoned him. Beast manages to find Belle and saves her in time from drowning after she fell through thin ice."}
{"id": "doc24315", "text": "In the fourth part, The Broken Wing, the Beast loses his temper with Belle again when she brings an injured bird into the castle, as he dislikes birds. As he tries to chase the bird out, however, he falls over on the stairs and hits his head hard, stripping him of his hatred for birds. However, his selfishness still remains, and he locks the bird in a cage in his room, demanding that it sing for him whenever he demands it. The bird, terrified, refuses, until Belle teaches the Beast that the bird will only sing when happy. The Beast lets the bird out, and learns to consider others before himself."}
{"id": "doc24317", "text": "Beast appears as a major Disney character in the bestselling video game series Kingdom Hearts."}
{"id": "doc24328", "text": "The Prince was hosting a debutante ball at his castle when a beggar woman appeared at his castle and offered a single rose as payment for shelter from an oncoming storm. The Prince turned her away twice, prompting the beggar to reveal herself to be an enchantress. The Enchantress placed a powerful spell upon the kingdom, turning the Prince into a beast and the servants into animated household objects, while also wiping all memory of the castle from the nearby village's inhabitants. If the Beast was unable to love another and earn that person's love in return, by the time the last petal on the enchanted rose fell, he would remain a beast forever, and in addition his servants would become inanimate antiques."}
{"id": "doc24505", "text": "Railroad surveyors arrived in New Mexico in the 1850s.[111] The first railroads incorporated in 1869.[110]:9 The first operational railroad, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (ATSF), entered the territory by way of the lucrative and contested Raton Pass in 1878. It eventually reached El Paso, Texas in 1881 and with the Southern Pacific Railroad created the nation's second transcontinental railroad with a junction at Deming. The Southern Pacific Railroad entered the territory from the Territory of Arizona in 1880.[110]:9, 18, 58\u201359[111] The Denver & Rio Grande Railway, who would generally use narrow gauge equipment in New Mexico, entered the territory from Colorado and began service to Espa\u00f1ola on December 31, 1880.[110]:95\u201396[111] These first railroads were built as long-distance corridors, later railroad construction also targeted resource extraction.[110]:8\u201311"}
{"id": "doc24763", "text": "She currently stars on the Fox TV series Lucifer, having been added to the regular cast in season 2."}
{"id": "doc24903", "text": "Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the Sun, but once every 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds with respect to the stars (see below). Earth's rotation is slowing slightly with time; thus, a day was shorter in the past. This is due to the tidal effects the Moon has on Earth's rotation. Atomic clocks show that a modern day is longer by about 1.7 milliseconds than a century ago,[1] slowly increasing the rate at which UTC is adjusted by leap seconds. Analysis of historical astronomical records shows a slowing trend of 2.3 milliseconds per century since the 8th century BCE.[2]"}
{"id": "doc24904", "text": "Among the ancient Greeks, several of the Pythagorean school believed in the rotation of the earth rather than the apparent diurnal rotation of the heavens. Perhaps the first was Philolaus (470\u00e2\u20ac\u201c385 BCE), though his system was complicated, including a counter-earth rotating daily about a central fire.[3]"}
{"id": "doc24925", "text": "Over millions of years, the Earth's rotation slowed significantly by tidal acceleration through gravitational interactions with the Moon. In this process, angular momentum is slowly transferred to the Moon at a rate proportional to \n\n\n\n\nr\n\n\u2212\n6\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle r^{-6}}\n\n, where \n\n\n\nr\n\n\n{\\displaystyle r}\n\n is the orbital radius of the Moon. This process gradually increased the length of day to its current value and resulted in the Moon being tidally locked with the Earth."}
{"id": "doc24929", "text": "The primary monitoring of the Earth's rotation is performed with very-long-baseline interferometry coordinated with the Global Positioning System, satellite laser ranging, and other satellite techniques. This provides an absolute reference for the determination of universal time, precession, and nutation.[47]"}
{"id": "doc24934", "text": "Clarke Griffin was born and raised in a space colony above Earth to Dr. David and Mary Griffin. She is a medical student who hopes to follow her parents\u2019 footsteps as a physician, taught by the Council's chief medical adviser Dr. Lahiri. She is also in a relationship with the colony's Chancellor\u2019s son, Wells Jaha. Clarke discovers that her parents are conducting illegal experiments on children under threat of the corrupt Vice Chancellor Rhodes. She confides in Wells, who despite swearing his secrecy, tells his father, hoping to save the Griffins from Rhodes. However, due to the lack of evidence of Rhodes\u2019 involvement, the Griffins are arrested, which also ends Clarke\u2019s relationship with Wells; Clarke assumes that her parents are executed following their arrest, leading her to hate Wells."}
{"id": "doc24938", "text": "During Sasha's funeral, Clarke reunites with her parents and reconcile with Wells since her parents are actually alive, but will not resume their past relationship because she is now in love with Bellamy, whom she felt happier to be with than when she was with Wells."}
{"id": "doc24939", "text": "Clarke was born in the year of 2131 and raised on the Ark to Jake and Abigail Griffin. Before her imprisonment, Clarke's father discovered that the Ark space station was running out of oxygen, and had an estimated 6 months worth left. He shared this information with Clarke and planned on going public with the information, only to have Abigail report him to the Chancellor in fears it might scare the public after the Chancellor ordered him not to. He was later 'floated', an act in which he is put in an airlock room and the oxygen is released, thus killing him. Clarke acting as an accomplice was imprisoned for treason instead of being 'floated', because she was under the age of 18. Because of her status of prisoner she was considered to be expendable by the council and was volunteered by her mother to be sent down to Earth to test the air to see if it was livable again with 98 other delinquents. Bellamy Blake acting as a guard, snuck onto the drop ship."}
{"id": "doc25696", "text": "The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they compose the legislature of the United States."}
{"id": "doc25697", "text": "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435.[1] As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming.[2]"}
{"id": "doc25776", "text": "The Constitution provides that the Senate's \"advice and consent\" is necessary for the President to make appointments and to ratify treaties. Thus, with its potential to frustrate Presidential appointments, the Senate is more powerful than the House."}
{"id": "doc25836", "text": "If the proton\u2013neutron model for the nucleus resolved many issues, it highlighted the problem of explaining the origins of beta radiation. No existing theory could account for how electrons, or positrons,[68] could emanate from the nucleus. In 1934, Enrico Fermi published his classic paper describing the process of beta decay, in which the neutron decays to a proton by creating an electron and a (as yet undiscovered) neutrino.[69] The paper employed the analogy that photons, or electromagnetic radiation, were similarly created and destroyed in atomic processes. Ivanenko had suggested a similar analogy in 1932.[65][70] Fermi's theory requires the neutron to be a spin-\u00bd particle. The theory preserved the principle of conservation of energy, which had been thrown into question by the continuous energy distribution of beta particles. The basic theory for beta decay proposed by Fermi was the first to show how particles could be created and destroyed. It established a general, basic theory for the interaction of particles by weak or strong forces.[69] While this influential paper has stood the test of time, the ideas within it were so new that when it was first submitted to the journal Nature in 1933 it was rejected as being too speculative.[64]"}
{"id": "doc26394", "text": "Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin AlHussaini Azad (\u00a0pronunciation\u00a0(help\u00b7info); 11 November 1888 \u2013 22 February 1958) was an Indian Bengali scholar and the senior Muslim leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the first Minister of Education in the Indian government. He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad; the word Maulana is an honorific meaning 'Our Master', and he had adopted Azad (Free) as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as \"National Education Day\" across India.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc26437", "text": "The Ministry of Minority Affairs of the central Government of India set up the Maulana Azad Education Foundation in 1989 on the occasion of his birth centenary to promote education amongst educationally backward sections of the Society.[32] The Ministry also provides the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad National Fellowship, an integrated five-year fellowship in the form of financial assistance to students from minority communities to pursue higher studies such as M. Phil and PhD[33]"}
{"id": "doc26444", "text": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second-eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession."}
{"id": "doc26446", "text": "The United Kingdom is one of the 16 Commonwealth realms. Each of those countries has the same person as monarch and the same order of succession. In 2011, the prime ministers of the realms agreed unanimously to adopt a common approach to amending the rules on the succession to their respective Crowns so that absolute primogeniture would apply for persons born after the date of the agreement, instead of male-preference primogeniture, and the ban on marriages to Roman Catholics would be lifted, but the monarch would still need to be in communion with the Church of England. After the necessary legislation had been enacted in accordance with each realm's constitution, the changes took effect on 26 March 2015."}
{"id": "doc26458", "text": "Elizabeth I of England was succeeded by King James VI of Scotland, her first cousin twice removed, even though his succession violated Henry VIII's will, under which Lady Anne Stanley, heiress of Mary Tudor, Duchess of Suffolk, was supposed to succeed. James asserted that hereditary right was superior to statutory provision, and as King of Scotland was powerful enough to deter any rival. He reigned as James I of England, thus effecting the Union of the Crowns, although England and Scotland remained separate sovereign states until 1707. His succession was rapidly ratified by Parliament.[9]"}
{"id": "doc26460", "text": "James II and VII, a Roman Catholic, followed his brother Charles II, despite efforts in the late 1670s to exclude him in favour of Charles's illegitimate Protestant son, the Duke of Monmouth. James was deposed when his Protestant opponents forced him to flee from England in 1688. Parliament then deemed that James had, by fleeing the realms, abdicated the thrones and offered the Crowns not to the King's infant son James but to his Protestant daughter Mary and to her husband William, who as James's nephew was the first person in the succession not descended from him. The two became joint Sovereigns (a unique circumstance in British history) as William III of England and Ireland (and II of Scotland) and Mary II of England, Scotland and Ireland. William had insisted on this unique provision as a condition of his military leadership against James."}
{"id": "doc26461", "text": "The English Bill of Rights passed in 1689 determined succession to the English, Scottish and Irish Thrones. First in the line were the descendants of Mary II. Next came Mary's sister Princess Anne and her descendants. Finally, the descendants of William by any future marriage were added to the line of succession. Only Protestants were allowed to succeed to the Thrones, and those who married Roman Catholics were excluded."}
{"id": "doc26462", "text": "After Mary II died in 1694, her husband continued to reign alone until his own death in 1702. The line of succession provided for by the Bill of Rights was almost at an end; William and Mary never had any children, and Princess Anne's children had all died. Therefore, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement. The Act maintained the provision of the Bill of Rights whereby William would be succeeded by Princess Anne and her descendants, and thereafter by his own descendants from future marriages. The Act, however, declared that they would be followed by James I & VI's granddaughter Sophia, Electress and Dowager Duchess of Hanover (the daughter of James's daughter Elizabeth Stuart), and her heirs. As under the Bill of Rights, non-Protestants and those who married Roman Catholics were excluded."}
{"id": "doc26467", "text": "Edward's abdication was \"a demise of the Crown\" (in the words of the Act), and the Duke of York, his brother who was then next in the line, immediately succeeded to the throne and to its \"rights, privileges, and dignities\", taking the regnal name George VI. He in turn was succeeded in 1952 by his own elder daughter, Elizabeth II. By that time the monarch of the United Kingdom no longer reigned in the greater part of Ireland (which had become a republic in 1949), but was the monarch of a number of independent sovereign states (Commonwealth realms)."}
{"id": "doc26481", "text": "Formerly, a new sovereign proclaimed his or her own accession. But on the death of Elizabeth I an Accession Council met to proclaim the accession of James I to the throne of England. James was then in Scotland and reigning as King James VI of Scotland. This precedent has been followed since. Now, the Accession Council normally meets in St James's Palace. Proclamations since James I's have usually been made in the name of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, the Privy Council, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and citizens of the City of London and \"other principal Gentlemen of quality\", though there have been variations in some proclamations. The proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II was the first to make mention of representatives of members of the Commonwealth."}
{"id": "doc27102", "text": "C provides a compound assignment operator for each binary arithmetic and bitwise operation (i.e. each operation which accepts two operands). Each of the compound bitwise assignment operators perform the appropriate binary operation and store the result in the left operand.[6]"}
{"id": "doc27298", "text": "While hiding in Jessica's room during a party, Hannah witnesses Bryce Walker raping an unconscious and intoxicated Jessica. In the present, Marcus warns Clay the worst is yet to come and again attempts to scare him into silence about the tapes, this time by planting drugs in his backpack to get him suspended from school. Clay finally admits to his mother that he and Hannah were close. After getting suspicious legal advice from his mother, he goes to Justin's apartment to retrieve his bike and talk about getting justice for Jessica. Justin finally admits that what happened in the tapes is real, and claims it is better if Jessica does not know the truth."}
{"id": "doc27529", "text": "The M134 Minigun is a 7.62\u00d751mm NATO, six-barrel rotary machine gun with a high rate of fire (2,000 to 6,000 rounds per minute) which can also fire at a high sustained rate.[3] It features Gatling-style rotating barrels with an external power source, normally an electric motor. The \"Mini\" in the name is in comparison to larger caliber designs that use a rotary barrel design, such as General Electric's earlier 20-millimeter M61 Vulcan, and \"gun\" for the use of rifle caliber bullets as opposed to autocannon shells."}
{"id": "doc27535", "text": "In order to develop a weapon with a more reliable, higher rate of fire, General Electric designers scaled down the rotating-barrel 20\u00a0mm M61 Vulcan cannon for 7.62\u00d751mm NATO ammunition. The resulting weapon, designated M134 and known popularly as the Minigun, could fire up to 4,000 rounds per minute without overheating. The gun was originally specified to fire at 6,000 rpm, but this was later lowered to 4,000 rpm."}
{"id": "doc27536", "text": "The Minigun was mounted on Hughes OH-6 Cayuse and Bell OH-58 Kiowa side pods; in the turret and on pylon pods of Bell AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters; and on door, pylon and pod mounts on Bell UH-1 Iroquois transport helicopters. Several larger aircraft were outfitted with miniguns specifically for close air support: the Cessna A-37 Dragonfly with an internal gun and with pods on wing hardpoints; and the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, also with pods on wing hardpoints. Other famous gunship airplanes were the Douglas AC-47 Spooky, the Fairchild AC-119, and the Lockheed AC-130.[10]"}
{"id": "doc27538", "text": "Around 1990, Dillon Aero acquired a large number of miniguns and spares from \"a foreign user\". The guns kept failing to shoot continuously, revealing that they were actually worn-out weapons. The company decided to fix the problems encountered, rather than simply putting the guns into storage. Fixing failure problems ended up improving the minigun's overall design. Dillon's efforts to improve the minigun reached the 160th SOAR, and Dillon was invited to Fort Campbell, Kentucky to demonstrate its products. A delinker, used to separate cartridges from ammunition belts and feed them into the gun housing, and other parts were tested on Campbell's ranges. The 160th SOAR liked the delinker's performance and began ordering them by 1997. This prompted Dillon to improve other design aspects including the bolt, housing and barrel. Between 1997 and 2001, Dillon Aero was producing 25\u00e2\u20ac\u201c30 products a year. In 2001, it was working on a new bolt design that increased performance and service life. By 2002 virtually every component of the minigun had been improved, so Dillon began producing complete weapons with improved components. The guns were purchased quickly by the 160th SOAR as its standardized weapon system. The gun then went through the Army's formal procurement system approval process and in 2003 the Dillon Aero minigun was certified and designated M134D.[11]"}
{"id": "doc27648", "text": "In the early 4th century, the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great established the city of Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire included lands east of the Adriatic Sea and bordering on the Eastern Mediterranean and parts of the Black Sea. This division into Eastern and Western Roman Empires was reflected in the administration of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Greek Orthodox churches, with Rome and Constantinople debating over whether either city was the capital of Western religion."}
{"id": "doc28313", "text": "The nomination process, consisting of the primary elections and caucuses and the nominating conventions, was not specified in the Constitution, but was developed over time by the states and political parties. These primary elections are generally held between January and June before the general election in November, while the nominating conventions are held in the summer. Though not codified by law, political parties also follow an indirect election process, where voters in the 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and U.S. territories, cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee. Each party may then choose a vice presidential running mate to join the ticket, which is either determined by choice of the nominee or by a second round of voting. Because of changes to national campaign finance laws since the 1970s regarding the disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns, presidential candidates from the major political parties usually declare their intentions to run as early as the spring of the previous calendar year before the election (almost 18 months before Inauguration Day).[5]"}
{"id": "doc28574", "text": "For the land where it's a great travesty\nTo harm a stork's nest in a pear tree,\nFor storks serve us all\u00a0...\nI am homesick, Lord!\u00a0..."}
{"id": "doc28580", "text": "The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives."}
{"id": "doc28581", "text": "The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington, D.C. in addition to its 435 voting members. Although they cannot vote, these members can sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation."}
{"id": "doc28582", "text": "The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a \"district\". Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results, provided that each state has at least one congressional representative. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators. Currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election."}
{"id": "doc28626", "text": "Congress is split into two chambers\u2014House and Senate\u2014and manages the task of writing national legislation by dividing work into separate committees which specialize in different areas. Some members of Congress are elected by their peers to be officers of these committees. Further, Congress has ancillary organizations such as the Government Accountability Office and the Library of Congress to help provide it with information, and members of Congress have staff and offices to assist them as well. In addition, a vast industry of lobbyists helps members write legislation on behalf of diverse corporate and labor interests."}
{"id": "doc28935", "text": "The presidential system adopted by the Constitution of the United States obeys the balance of powers sought, and not found, by the constitutional monarchy. The people appoint their representatives to meet periodically in a legislative body, and, since they do not have a king, the people themselves elect a preeminent citizen to perform, also periodically, the executive functions of the State. The direct election of the head of state or of the executive power is an inevitable consequence of the political freedom of the people, understood as the capacity to appoint and depose their leaders. Only this separate election of the person who has to fulfill the functions that the Constitution attributes to the president of the government, so different by its nature, and by its function, from the election of representatives of the electors, allows the executive power to be controlled by the legislative and submitted to the demands of political responsibility.[35]"}
{"id": "doc28942", "text": "The relationship between the executive and legislative branches are poorly defined. An example of the problems this causes is the near complete political paralysis that results when the president, who has neither the power to veto nor the ability to dissolve the legislature and call new elections, cannot negotiate with the legislature when his party is in the minority.[37] The examination and control yuans are marginal branches; their leaders as well as the leaders of the executive and judicial yuans are appointed by the president and confirmed by the legislative yuan. The legislature is the only branch that chooses its own leadership. The vice president has practically no responsibilities."}
{"id": "doc28961", "text": "Other states including California, New Jersey and New York have opted to protect incumbents of both parties, again reducing the number of competitive districts. The Supreme Court's ruling on the Pennsylvania gerrymander[5] effectively cemented the right of elected officials to select their constituents by eliminating most of the grounds for disenfranchised constituents to challenge gerrymandered lines."}
{"id": "doc29757", "text": "The Three-Fifths Compromise is found in Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, which reads:"}
{"id": "doc29759", "text": "The three-fifths ratio originated with a 1783 amendment proposed to the Articles of Confederation. The amendment was to have changed the basis for determining the wealth of each state, and hence its tax obligations, from real estate to population, as a measure of ability to produce wealth. The proposal by a committee of the Congress had suggested that taxes \"shall be supplied by the several colonies in proportion to the number of inhabitants of every age, sex, and quality, except Indians not paying taxes\".[3][4] The South immediately objected to this formula since it would include slaves, who were viewed primarily as property, in calculating the amount of taxes to be paid. As Thomas Jefferson wrote in his notes on the debates, the southern states would be taxed \"according to their numbers and their wealth conjunctly, while the northern would be taxed on numbers only\".[5]"}
{"id": "doc29764", "text": "The Three-Fifths Compromise gave a disproportionate representation of slave states in the House of Representatives relative to the voters in free states until the American Civil War. In 1793, for example, Southern slave states had 47 of the 105 members but would have had 33, had seats been assigned based on free populations. In 1812, slave states had 76 out of 143 instead of the 59 they would have had; in 1833, 98 out of 240 instead of 73. As a result, Southern states had disproportionate influence on the presidency, the speakership of the House, and the Supreme Court in the period prior to the Civil War.[8] Along with this must be considered the number of slave and free states, which remained mostly equal until 1850, safeguarding the Southern bloc in the Senate as well as Electoral College votes."}
{"id": "doc29765", "text": "Historian Garry Wills has postulated that without the additional slave state votes, Jefferson would have lost the presidential election of 1800. Also, \"slavery would have been excluded from Missouri ... Jackson's Indian removal policy would have failed ... the Wilmot Proviso would have banned slavery in territories won from Mexico ... the Kansas-Nebraska bill would have failed.\"[8] While the Three-Fifths Compromise could be seen to favor Southern states because of their large slave populations, for example, the Connecticut Compromise tended to favor the Northern states (which were generally smaller). Support for the new Constitution rested on the balance of these sectional interests.[9]"}
{"id": "doc29870", "text": "Despite Christmas occurring at the height of the Southern Hemisphere summer, wintery motifs common to the Northern Hemisphere are popular."}
{"id": "doc30773", "text": "Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi),[1] and one complete orbit takes 365.256\u00a0days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940\u00a0million km (584 million mi).[2] Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167."}
{"id": "doc30774", "text": "As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1\u00b0 (or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12\u00a0hours) eastward per solar day.[nb 1] Earth's orbital speed averages about 30\u00a0km/s (108,000\u00a0km/h; 67,000\u00a0mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours.[3]"}
{"id": "doc30777", "text": "Because of Earth's axial tilt (often known as the obliquity of the ecliptic), the inclination of the Sun's trajectory in the sky (as seen by an observer on Earth's surface) varies over the course of the year. For an observer at a northern latitude, when the north pole is tilted toward the Sun the day lasts longer and the Sun appears higher in the sky. This results in warmer average temperatures, as additional solar radiation reaches the surface. When the north pole is tilted away from the Sun, the reverse is true and the weather is generally cooler. Above the Arctic Circle and below the Antarctic Circle, an extreme case is reached in which there is no daylight at all for part of the year. This is called a polar night. This variation in the weather (because of the direction of the Earth's axial tilt) results in the seasons.[6]"}
{"id": "doc32611", "text": "Most of the scenes were filmed on location in Brighton and Eastbourne.[2] Others, such as the gig scene and some interiors and exteriors for Georgia's house, were filmed in and around Ealing Studios, London. Areas in nearby west London like Bishopshalt school in Hillingdon and the Liquid nightclub in Uxbridge were used as well.[3] Other sites include locations in Teddington and Twickenham. Costumes included green blazers and kilts borrowed from St. Bede's Prep School in Eastbourne, and props included Eastbourne's signature blue bins to add to the effect and continuity when filming in multiple locations."}
{"id": "doc32937", "text": "Article One describes the Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government. Section 1, reads, \"All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.\" The article establishes the manner of election and the qualifications of members of each body. Representatives must be at least 25 years old, be a citizen of the United States for seven years, and live in the state they represent. Senators must be at least 30 years old, be a citizen for nine years, and live in the state they represent."}
{"id": "doc32982", "text": "The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) granted United States citizenship to former slaves and to all persons \"subject to U.S. jurisdiction\". It also contained three new limits on state power: a state shall not violate a citizen's privileges or immunities; shall not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and must guarantee all persons equal protection of the laws. These limitations dramatically expanded the protections of the Constitution. This amendment, according to the Supreme Court's Doctrine of Incorporation, makes most provisions of the Bill of Rights applicable to state and local governments as well. The mode of apportionment of representatives delineated in Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 has been superseded by that of this amendment, which also overturned the Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford.[83]"}
{"id": "doc33047", "text": "Scholes recommends the attribution \"traditional\" or \"traditional; earliest known version by John Bull (1562\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1628)\". The English Hymnal (musical editor Ralph Vaughan Williams) gives no attribution, stating merely \"17th or 18th cent.\"[13]"}
{"id": "doc33191", "text": "At the town's Firefly Festival, Tommy and Jill's drummer Lyle comes down with indigestion, prompting Woody to take over using a homemade drum kit. The performance is a hit, and Lance is surprised to hear that Woody gave Tommy some friendly support. Realizing that having humans around again isn't a bad idea, Woody heads back to the investment home and carves a mural above the fireplace. However, as he signs his name into the carving, he accidentally burns the house down after hitting exposed wiring. Ashamed of his mistake, he flies back to his tree. Infuriated by this, Lance hires Nate and Ottis to hunt Woody down. The brothers find him and tase him unconscious. As they leave, Tommy reprimands his father and runs away. He then forms a plan to rescue Woody and heads to Grimes' shack with Jill and Lyle, as the brothers try to sell Woody at an online black market auction."}
{"id": "doc33193", "text": "In the early 2010s, Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment planned a Woody Woodpecker feature film. John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky (King of the Hill) were in talks to develop a story,[6] but in July 2013, Illumination canceled the project.[7] In October 2013, Bill Kopp announced that Universal Pictures had hired him to direct an animated feature film with three interwoven stories.[8] On July 13, 2016, Cartoon Brew reported that Universal 1440 Entertainment was filming a live-action/CG hybrid film based on Woody Woodpecker in Canada. Filming began in June 2016, and ended later in July of that year."}
{"id": "doc33196", "text": "As of February 22, 2018, Woody Woodpecker has grossed $13.4 million. It debuted at $1.5 million, finishing second at the Brazilian box office behind Blade Runner 2049. The movie increased by +45.4% in its second weekend, moving to first place to $2.1 million."}
{"id": "doc33811", "text": "Occasionally the three lobar veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left lobar veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between three and five in the healthy population."}
{"id": "doc34092", "text": "Degree (n\u00a0=\u00a0360)"}
{"id": "doc35173", "text": "In words, this says that the distinct prime factors of 36 are 2 and 3; half of the thirty-six integers from 1 to 36 are divisible by 2, leaving eighteen; a third of those are divisible by 3, leaving twelve numbers that are coprime to 36. And indeed there are twelve positive integers that are coprime with 36 and lower than 36: 1, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, and 35."}
{"id": "doc35215", "text": "Proving this does not quite require the prime number theorem.[32][33] Since log log (n) goes to infinity, this formula shows that"}
{"id": "doc35499", "text": "Two additional semilunar valves sit at the exit of each of the ventricles. The pulmonary valve is located at the base of the pulmonary artery. This has three cusps which are not attached to any papillary muscles. When the ventricle relaxes blood flows back into the ventricle from the artery and this flow of blood fills the pocket-like valve, pressing against the cusps which close to seal the valve. The semilunar aortic valve is at the base of the aorta and also is not attached to papillary muscles. This too has three cusps which close with the pressure of the blood flowing back from the aorta.[7]"}
{"id": "doc35500", "text": "The right heart consists of two chambers, the right atrium and the right ventricle, separated by a valve, the tricuspid valve.[7]"}
{"id": "doc35513", "text": "Heart tissue receives blood from two arteries which arise just above the aortic valve. These are the left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery. The left main coronary artery splits shortly after leaving the aorta into two vessels, the left anterior descending and the left circumflex artery. The left anterior descending artery supplies heart tissue and the front, outer side, and the septum of the left ventricle. It does this by branching into smaller arteries \u00e2\u20ac\u201c diagonal and septal branches. The left circumflex supplies the back and underneath of the left ventricle. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, and lower posterior sections of the left ventricle. The right coronary artery also supplies blood to the atrioventricular node (in about 90% of people) and the sinoatrial node (in about 60% of people). The right coronary artery runs in a groove at the back of the heart and the left anterior descending artery runs in a groove at the front. There is significant variation between people in the anatomy of the arteries that supply the heart [29] The arteries divide at their furtherst reaches into smaller branches that join together at the edges of each arterial distribution.[7]"}
{"id": "doc35522", "text": "The heart functions as a pump in the circulatory system to provide a continuous flow of blood throughout the body. This circulation consists of the systemic circulation to and from the body and the pulmonary circulation to and from the lungs. Blood in the pulmonary circulation exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs through the process of respiration. The systemic circulation then transports oxygen to the body and returns carbon dioxide and relatively deoxygenated blood to the heart for transfer to the lungs.[7]"}
{"id": "doc35524", "text": "In the left heart, oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped into the left ventricle through the mitral valve and into the aorta through the aortic valve for systemic circulation. The aorta is a large artery that branches into many smaller arteries, arterioles, and ultimately capillaries. In the capillaries, oxygen and nutrients from blood are supplied to body cells for metabolism, and exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste products.[7] Capillary blood, now deoxygenated, travels into venules and veins that ultimately collect in the superior and inferior vena cavae, and into the right heart."}
{"id": "doc35525", "text": "The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events in which the heart contracts and relaxes with every heartbeat.[9] The period of time during which the ventricles contract, forcing blood out into the aorta and main pulmonary artery, is known as systole, while the period during which the ventricles relax and refill with blood is known as diastole. The atria and ventricles work in concert, so in systole when the ventricles are contracting, the atria are relaxed and collecting blood. When the ventricles are relaxed in diastole, the atria contract to pump blood to the ventricles. This coordination ensures blood is pumped efficiently to the body.[7]"}
{"id": "doc35526", "text": "At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles are relaxing. As they do so, they are filled by blood passing through the open mitral and tricuspid valves. After the ventricles have completed most of their filling, the atria contract, forcing further blood into the ventricles and priming the pump. Next, the ventricles start to contract. As the pressure rises within the cavities of the ventricles, the mitral and tricuspid valves are forced shut. As the pressure within the ventricles rises further, exceeding the pressure with the aorta and pulmonary arteries, the aortic and pulmonary valves open. Blood is ejected from the heart, causing the pressure within the ventricles to fall. Simultaneously, the atria refill as blood flows into the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae, and into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Finally, when the pressure within the ventricles falls below the pressure within the aorta and pulmonary arteries, the aortic and pulmonary valves close. The ventricles start to relax, the mitral and tricuspid valves open, and the cycle begins again. [9]"}
{"id": "doc35719", "text": "Nicole Gale Anderson[1] (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series Beauty & the Beast. She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series Jonas, and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series Make It or Break It and Ravenswood."}
{"id": "doc36393", "text": "According to Gormley, the significance of an angel was three-fold: first, to signify that beneath the site of its construction, coal miners worked for two centuries; second, to grasp the transition from an industrial to an information age, and third, to serve as a focus for our evolving hopes and fears .[2]"}
{"id": "doc36402", "text": "A Lego model of Angel of the North in Miniland"}
{"id": "doc36460", "text": "The bald eagle is both the national bird and national animal of the United States of America. The bald eagle appears on its seal. In the late 20th century it was on the brink of extirpation in the contiguous United States. Populations have since recovered and the species was removed from the U.S. government's list of endangered species on July 12, 1995 and transferred to the list of threatened species. It was removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife in the Lower 48 States on June 28, 2007."}
{"id": "doc36463", "text": "The bald eagle has sometimes been considered the largest true raptor (accipitrid) in North America. The only larger species of raptor-like bird is the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus), a New World vulture which today is not generally considered a taxonomic ally of true accipitrids.[7] However, the golden eagle, averaging 4.18\u00a0kg (9.2\u00a0lb) and 63\u00a0cm (25\u00a0in) in wing chord length in its American race (A. c. canadensis), is merely 455\u00a0g (1.003\u00a0lb) lighter in mean body mass and exceeds the bald eagle in mean wing chord length by around 3\u00a0cm (1.2\u00a0in).[5][8] Additionally, the bald eagle's close cousins, the relatively longer-winged but shorter-tailed white-tailed eagle and the overall larger Steller's sea eagle (H. pelagicus), may, rarely, wander to coastal Alaska from Asia.[5]"}
{"id": "doc36467", "text": "The bald eagle placed in the genus Haliaeetus (sea eagles) which gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. Bald in the English name is derived from the word piebald, and refers to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body.[18] The scientific name is derived from Haliaeetus, New Latin for \"sea eagle\" (from the Ancient Greek haliaetos), and leucocephalus, Latinized Ancient Greek for \"white head,\" from \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 leukos (\"white\") and \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7 kephale (\"head\").[19][20]"}
{"id": "doc36485", "text": "Along some portions of the North Pacific coastline, bald eagles which had historically preyed mainly kelp-dwelling fish and supplementally sea otter (Enhydra lutris) pups are now preying mainly on seabird colonies since both the fish (possibly due to overfishing) and otters (cause unknown) have had precipitous population declines, causing concern for seabird conservation.[62] Because of this more extensive predation, some biologist have expressed concern that murres are heading for a \"conservation collision\" due to heavy eagle predation.[61] Eagles have been confirmed to attack nocturnally active, burrow-nesting seabird species such as storm petrels and shearwaters by digging out their burrows and feeding on all animals they find inside.[63] If a bald eagle flies close by, waterbirds will often fly away en masse, though in other cases they may seemingly ignore a perched eagle. If the said birds are on a colony, this exposed their unprotected eggs and nestlings to scavengers such as gulls.[61] Bird prey may occasionally be attacked in flight, with prey up to the size of Canada geese attacked and killed in mid-air.[55] Unprecedented photographs of a bald eagle unsuccessfully attempting to prey on a much larger adult trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) in mid-flight were taken recently.[64] While adults often actively prey on waterbirds, congregated wintering waterfowl are frequently exploited for carcasses to scavenge by immature eagles in harsh winter weather.[65] Bald eagles have been recorded as killing other raptors on occasion. In some cases, these may be attacks of competition or kleptoparasitism on rival species but ended with the consumption of the victim. Raptorial birds reported to be hunted by these eagles have included large adults of species such as red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis),[66] ospreys (Pandion haliaetus)[67] and black (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura).[68]"}
{"id": "doc37884", "text": "Whereas her personality is hardly explored in the books, Holly's role was increased in film adaptions, debuting in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules as a newcomer to Greg's middle school with whom he is instantly besotted. She is depicted as being friendly and good-natured. The relationship she shares with Greg and Rowley is emphasized and exaggerated in the film portrayals, to the extent it can be assumed that the feelings Greg has for her may be mutual. She reappears in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days. Her family is portrayed as being wealthy and her sister shown to be tyrannical, spoiled, and selfish."}
{"id": "doc37890", "text": "In the film adaptions of the books, Patty's role is enhanced slightly. She is depicted as being monstrously demanding. Her parents are involved with the school board in this portrayal. The motivation given for her hatred of Greg is his recital of an offensive playground chant poking fun at her that sent her bursting into tears in elementary school. She appears in the film adaptions of all three films Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Diary of a Wimpy Kid; Rodrick Rules and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days. Alterations made to the books include her talent for both wrestling and playing tennis. She snatches any opportunity to assault Greg somehow while engaged in either sport with him. She is played by Laine MacNeil."}
{"id": "doc37895", "text": "Only appearing in Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Mr. Ira is a teacher at Greg's middle school who is on the school newspaper adult staff, and enlists a replacement comic strip for the newspaper. He was made fun of in a comic strip entitled Dumb Teachers, and later bowdlerises Greg's Creighton the Cretin comic. He does not do the same with Rowley's Zoo-Wee Mama strip, much to Greg's chagrin."}
{"id": "doc37911", "text": "Although his family is vaguely referenced in the books, the Warren's are what got Frank thinking of making Greg more manly. Frank is deeply jealous of the Warrens. In stark contrast to Greg, the Warrens' children are shown to be athletic and sporty. In the third film, Stan, the father of the family, is shown to be a neighbor of the Heffley's. He had a childhood rivalry with Frank, that they appear to have gotten over as adults. Greg finds out that Stan has been making fun of his father behind his back and comes up with an elaborate prank to get back at him. In the movie, Mr Warren is the troop master of the Wilderness Explorers, and invites everyone over for an Independence Day party. They only appear in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw."}
{"id": "doc38625", "text": "The United States Electoral College is the mechanism established by the United States Constitution for the election of the president and vice president of the United States by small groups of appointed representatives, electors, from each state and the District of Columbia. The Constitution specifies that each state legislature individually determines its own process for appointing electors.[1][2] In practice, all state legislatures use popular voting to choose a slate of electors who are pledged to vote for a particular party's candidate. Thus, today the president and vice president are effectively chosen through indirect election by the citizens.[3][4]"}
{"id": "doc38710", "text": "In 2010, Republicans in Pennsylvania, who controlled both houses of the legislature as well as the governorship, put forward a plan to change the state's winner-takes-all system to a congressional district method system. Pennsylvania had voted for the Democratic candidate in the five previous presidential elections, so some saw this as an attempt to take away Democratic electoral votes. Although Democrat Barack Obama won Pennsylvania in 2008, he won only 55% of Pennsylvania's popular vote. The district plan would have awarded him 11 of its 21 electoral votes, a 52.4% that is closer to the popular vote yet still overcoming Republican gerrymandering.[100][101] The plan later lost support.[102] Other Republicans, including Michigan state representative Pete Lund,[103] RNC Chairman Reince Priebus, and Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker, have floated similar ideas.[104][105]"}
{"id": "doc38721", "text": "Legal scholars Akhil Amar and Vikram Amar have argued the original Electoral College compromise was enacted partially because it enabled the southern states to disenfranchise its slave populations.[123] It permitted southern states to disfranchise large numbers of slaves while allowing these states to maintain political clout within the federation by using the three-fifths compromise. They noted that constitutional Framer James Madison believed the question of counting slaves had presented a serious challenge but that \"the substitution of electors obviated this difficulty and seemed on the whole to be liable to the fewest objections.\"[124] Akhil and Vikram Amar added that"}
{"id": "doc40405", "text": "Even in cases where there is no presumption of abuse, it is still possible for a Chapter 7 case to be dismissed or converted. If the debtor's \"current monthly income\" is below the median income, as discussed above, only the court or the United States trustee (or bankruptcy administrator) can seek dismissal or conversion of the debtor's case. If the debtor's \"current monthly income\" is above the median income, as discussed above, any party in interest may seek dismissal or conversion of the case. The grounds for dismissal under 11 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0707(b)(3) are the filing of a petition in \u201cbad faith\u201d, or when \u201cthe totality of the circumstances (including whether the debtor seeks to reject a personal services contract and the financial need for such rejection as sought by the debtor) of the debtor\u2019s financial situation demonstrates abuse\u201d."}
{"id": "doc41305", "text": "It passes at first behind the pulmonary artery and then comes forward between that vessel and the left atrium to reach the anterior interventricular sulcus, along which it descends to the notch of cardiac apex."}
{"id": "doc41344", "text": "A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli."}
{"id": "doc41356", "text": "Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea, and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta, while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta."}
{"id": "doc42101", "text": "Specific control of the lac genes depends on the availability of the substrate lactose to the bacterium. The proteins are not produced by the bacterium when lactose is unavailable as a carbon source. The lac genes are organized into an operon; that is, they are oriented in the same direction immediately adjacent on the chromosome and are co-transcribed into a single polycistronic mRNA molecule. Transcription of all genes starts with the binding of the enzyme RNA polymerase (RNAP), a DNA-binding protein, which binds to a specific DNA binding site, the promoter, immediately upstream of the genes. Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter is aided by the cAMP-bound catabolite activator protein (CAP, also known as the cAMP receptor protein).[5] However, the lacI gene (regulatory gene for lac operon) produces a protein that blocks RNAP from binding to the promoter of the operon. This protein can only be removed when allolactose binds to it, and inactivates it. The protein that is formed by the lacI gene is known as the lac repressor. The type of regulation that the lac operon undergoes is referred to as negative inducible, meaning that the gene is turned off by the regulatory factor (lac repressor) unless some molecule (lactose) is added. Because of the presence of the lac repressor protein, genetic engineers who replace the lacZ gene with another gene will have to grow the experimental bacteria on agar with lactose available on it. If they do not, the gene they are trying to express will not be expressed as the repressor protein is still blocking RNAP from binding to the promoter and transcribing the gene. Once the repressor is removed, RNAP then proceeds to transcribe all three genes (lacZYA) into mRNA. Each of the three genes on the mRNA strand has its own Shine-Dalgarno sequence, so the genes are independently translated.[6] The DNA sequence of the E. coli lac operon, the lacZYA mRNA, and the lacI genes are available from GenBank (view)."}
{"id": "doc42125", "text": "The delay between growth phases reflects the time needed to produce sufficient quantities of lactose-metabolizing enzymes. First, the CAP regulatory protein has to assemble on the lac promoter, resulting in an increase in the production of lac mRNA. More available copies of the lac mRNA results in the production (see translation) of significantly more copies of LacZ (\u00ce\u00b2-galactosidase, for lactose metabolism) and LacY (lactose permease to transport lactose into the cell). After a delay needed to increase the level of the lactose metabolizing enzymes, the bacteria enter into a new rapid phase of cell growth."}
{"id": "doc42804", "text": "Indirect evidence for the antiquity of the name 'Thames' is provided by a Roman potsherd found at Oxford, bearing the inscription Tamesubugus fecit (Tamesubugus made [this]). It is believed that Tamesubugus' name was derived from that of the river.[7] Tamese was referred to as a place, not a river in the Ravenna Cosmography (c.AD 700)."}
{"id": "doc43069", "text": "Production designer Mara LePere-Schloop went to Bangor, Maine, to scope out locations, including the Thomas Hill Standpipe, the land running alongside the Kenduskeag Stream that in It is called The Barrens, and the Waterworks on the Penobscot River.[16] LePere-Schloop said that they were hoping to shoot some scenes in the city, and possibly take some aerial shots.[16] On May 31, 2016, Third Act Productions was confirmed to have applied to film interior and exterior scenes for It in the municipality of Port Hope, with filming slated for various locations around the municipality from July 11, 2016 to July 18, 2016.[15] Principal photography begun in Toronto, with an original shooting schedule from June 27 to September 6, 2016.[156][157][158]"}
{"id": "doc43450", "text": "The 1994 tournament included five new venues and four new cities. In Florida, Miami and St. Petersburg, were used for the first time. St. Petersburg would go on to host the Final Four in 1999, while this would be the only games held at Miami Arena; in 2009, the only other year that the city has hosted the tournament, the games were played at American Airlines Arena. Landover, an eastern suburb of Washington, D.C., was used for the only time; games in Washington D.C. have since been at Capital One Arena, which replaced USAir Arena as home to the city's sports teams. Sacramento became the sixth metropolitan area in California to host games. The Kansas Coliseum was used instead of Levitt Arena in Wichita for the only time. This also marked the last tournament for the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena and the Dee Events Center. Games in the Los Angeles area have since been held at the Staples Center or the Honda Center in Anaheim. In all, of the thirteen venues used in the 1994 tournament, seven (in Charlotte, Dallas, Landover, Los Angeles, Miami, Sacramento and Wichita) have closed and been replaced, with all but the Kansas Coliseum (which is being converted into an aerospace test facility) and Sacramento's Sleep Train Arena being demolished, its future still not determined since the opening of the Golden 1 Center downtown. Additionally, the Nassau Coliseum has been renovated into a smaller-capacity building, placing its future use as a tournament site in doubt."}
{"id": "doc46245", "text": "Scenes also take place in several other places in Boston, including Fenway Park, a movie theater, Maddie's apartment, the local shopping mall, a bowling alley (The same bowling alley was used to film a scene from the Hannah Montana episode, \"People Who Use People\"),[12] a miniature golf course, Kurt's apartment, Mr. Moseby's condo, the Goose Lodge, Liberty Park, an apartment where Maddie and her friends painted for a poor family for community service, Arwin's apartment, camp Knock-a-Number, the forest that has Merele's cabin, Kurt's tour bus, the shop where Maddie demanded London give her inhaler, an art museum, a dance club, an alley with a garbage container, a pizza restaurant, Theo's home, the \"Risk It All\" studio, the Cluck Bucket, an aptitude company, and the restaurant where Wayne \"dates\" London. There are even two episodes that take place in Hollywood, which includes a movie studio, LAX, a beach, Sunset Blvd, Hollywood Blvd, and the Tipton Los Angeles."}
{"id": "doc46701", "text": "An all-water route between the oceans was still seen as the ideal solution, and in 1855 William Kennish, a Manx-born engineer working for the United States government, surveyed the isthmus and issued a report on a route for a proposed Panama Canal.[10] His report was published as a book entitled The Practicability and Importance of a Ship Canal to Connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.[11]"}
{"id": "doc47008", "text": "On September 8, 2017, Judge Denise Cote of the Southern District of New York issued an opinion that there were insufficient differences between the first verse of the \"We Shall Overcome\" lyrics registered by TRO-Ludlow, and the \"We Will Overcome\" lyrics from People's Songs (specifically, the aforementioned replacement of \"will\" with \"shall\", and changing \"down in my heart\" to \"deep in my heart\") for it to qualify as a distinct derivative work eligible for its own copyright.[46][47]"}
{"id": "doc47608", "text": "During production, the film was referred to as RKO 281. Most of the filming took place in what is now Stage 19 on the Paramount Pictures lot in Hollywood.[51] There was some location filming at Balboa Park in San Diego and the San Diego Zoo.[52]"}
{"id": "doc48882", "text": "Nathan Burdette (John Russell) arrives in town with his men, intent on seeing his brother Joe. Dude is standing guard and confiscating all guns. One of Burdette's men ignores him until Dude cuts one of his horse's reins with a single shot. Nathan agrees to turn in their guns until they leave."}
{"id": "doc49159", "text": "Besides the problems of direct election, the new Constitution was seen as such a radical break with the old system, by which delegates were elected to the Confederation Congress by state legislatures, that the Convention agreed to retain this method of electing senators to make the constitutional change less radical.[6]:122 The more difficult problem was the issue of apportionment. The Connecticut delegation offered a compromise, whereby the number of representatives for each state in the lower house would be apportioned based on the relative size of the state's population, while the number of representatives in the upper house would be the same for all of the states, irrespective of size. The large states, fearing a diminution of their influence in the legislature under this plan, opposed this proposal. Unable to reach agreement, the delegates decided to leave this issue for further consideration later during the meeting."}
{"id": "doc49200", "text": "Another contentious slavery-related question was whether slaves would be counted as part of the population in determining representation of the states in the Congress, or would instead be considered property and as such not be considered for purposes of representation.[33] Delegates from states with a large population of slaves argued that slaves should be considered persons in determining representation, but as property if the new government were to levy taxes on the states on the basis of population.[33] Delegates from states where slavery had become rare argued that slaves should be included in taxation, but not in determining representation.[33] Finally, delegate James Wilson proposed the Three-Fifths Compromise.[28] This was eventually adopted by the Convention."}
{"id": "doc50097", "text": "The retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses. The neural retina refers to the three layers of neural cells (photo receptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells) within the retina, which in its entirety comprises ten distinct layers, including an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. The only neural cells that are directly sensitive to light are the photoreceptor cells, which are of two types: rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide black-and-white vision while cones are responsible for the perception of colour. A third type of photoreceptor, the photosensitive ganglion cells, is important for entrainment and reflexive responses to the brightness of light."}
{"id": "doc50107", "text": "Additional structures, not directly associated with vision, are found as outgrowths of the retina in some vertebrate groups. In birds, the pecten is a vascular structure of complex shape that projects from the retina into the vitreous humour; it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the eye, and may also aid in vision. Reptiles have a similar, but much simpler, structure.[11]"}
{"id": "doc50109", "text": "In section, the retina is no more than 0.5\u00c2\u00a0mm thick. It has three layers of nerve cells and two of synapses, including the unique ribbon synapse. The optic nerve carries the ganglion cell axons to the brain, and the blood vessels that supply the retina. The ganglion cells lie innermost in the eye while the photoreceptive cells lie beyond. Because of this counter-intuitive arrangement, light must first pass through and around the ganglion cells and through the thickness of the retina, (including its capillary vessels, not shown) before reaching the rods and cones. Light is absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium or the choroid (both of which are opaque)."}
{"id": "doc50110", "text": "The white blood cells in the capillaries in front of the photoreceptors can be perceived as tiny bright moving dots when looking into blue light. This is known as the blue field entoptic phenomenon (or Scheerer's phenomenon)."}
{"id": "doc50111", "text": "Between the ganglion cell layer and the rods and cones there are two layers of neuropils where synaptic contacts are made. The neuropil layers are the outer plexiform layer and the inner plexiform layer. In the outer neuropil layer, the rods and cones connect to the vertically running bipolar cells, and the horizontally oriented horizontal cells connect to ganglion cells."}
{"id": "doc50164", "text": "Illustration of image as 'seen' by the retina independent of optic nerve and striate cortex processing."}
{"id": "doc50167", "text": "On May 14, 2015, it was announced that Amazon had issued a pilot order for the series, then titled Trial, based off a script by David E. Kelley and Jonathan Shapiro.[23] On December 1, 2015, Amazon announced that they were bypassing the pilot process with the project and were instead issuing a straight-to-series order consisting of a ten episode first season to premiere in 2016.[2] The first season would ultimately come to consist of eight episodes total. On August 7, 2016, it was announced that the first season would premiere on October 13, 2016.[3]"}
{"id": "doc50625", "text": "Originally, under Article I, \u00a7 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, each state legislature elected its state's senators for a six-year term.[2] Each state, regardless of size, is entitled to two senators as part of the Connecticut Compromise between the small and large states.[3] This contrasted with the House of Representatives, a body elected by popular vote, and was described as an uncontroversial decision; at the time, James Wilson was the sole advocate of popularly electing the Senate and his proposal was defeated 10\u20131.[4] There were many advantages to the original method of electing senators. Prior to the Constitution, a federal body was one where states effectively formed nothing more than permanent treaties, with citizens retaining their loyalty to their original state. However, under the new Constitution, the central government was granted substantially more power than before; the election of senators by the states reassured Anti-federalists that there would be some protection against the swallowing up of states and their powers by the federal government,[5] providing a check on the power of the federal government.[6]"}
{"id": "doc50848", "text": "The film's budget was US$33 million. Canmore, Alberta, Canada was used to film the fictional city of Tolketna, Alaska. The dogs D.J., Koda, Floyd and Buck also starred in the adventure film, Eight Below. Many of the dogs and mushers used in the film were locals. Two of the hero team doubles and all of Olivier's team were supplied by Nakitsilik Siberians of Bridge Lake, British Columbia. Mountain Mushers' from Golden BC supplied the Thunder Jack team. Old Ernie's team was supplied by Russ Gregory from Calgary, Alberta. Arcticsun Siberian Husky Kennel from Edmonton, Alberta was one of many kennels \u2014 including Czyz, Snowy Owl, Gatt racing \u2014 from the area that supplied background for the film. Two of the dogs came from Kortar Kennels, in Ontario. The animatronic effects were designed and built by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The special effects were provided by The Secret Lab, the special effects division of Disney."}
{"id": "doc52414", "text": "The Governing Body continues to directly appoint branch office committee members and traveling overseers,[60][61] and only such direct appointees are described as \"representatives of the Governing Body.\"[62][63]"}
{"id": "doc52429", "text": "John sees a vision of the Son of man, who walks among seven lampstands and has seven stars in his right hand. Revelation 1:20 states that \"The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.\" The comparison of a teacher to a star is scriptural.[18]"}
{"id": "doc53439", "text": "The earliest predecessors of the eye were photoreceptor proteins that sense light, found even in unicellular organisms, called \"eyespots\". Eyespots can only sense ambient brightness: they can distinguish light from dark, sufficient for photoperiodism and daily synchronization of circadian rhythms. They are insufficient for vision, as they cannot distinguish shapes or determine the direction light is coming from. Eyespots are found in nearly all major animal groups, and are common among unicellular organisms, including euglena. The euglena's eyespot, called a stigma, is located at its anterior end. It is a small splotch of red pigment which shades a collection of light sensitive crystals. Together with the leading flagellum, the eyespot allows the organism to move in response to light, often toward the light to assist in photosynthesis,[22] and to predict day and night, the primary function of circadian rhythms. Visual pigments are located in the brains of more complex organisms, and are thought to have a role in synchronising spawning with lunar cycles. By detecting the subtle changes in night-time illumination, organisms could synchronise the release of sperm and eggs to maximise the probability of fertilisation.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc53464", "text": "The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television[1] series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5, 2014. The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery, showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure.[3][4][5]"}
{"id": "doc53465", "text": "The Curse of Oak Island follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, originally from Kingsford, Michigan, through their efforts to find the speculated treasure or historical artifacts believed to be on Oak Island. The series discusses the history of the island, recent discoveries, theories, and prior attempts to investigate the site.[6] Areas of interest include the \"Money Pit\", Borehole 10-x, Smith's Cove, \"Nolan's Cross\", the \"Hatch\", the \"Watchtower\" and the \"Swamp\"."}
{"id": "doc53643", "text": "Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government. It vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The power includes the execution and enforcement of federal law, alongside the responsibility of appointing federal executive, diplomatic, regulatory and judicial officers, and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the Senate. The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves, and to convene and adjourn either or both houses of Congress under extraordinary circumstances.[15] The president directs the foreign and domestic policies of the United States, and takes an active role in promoting his policy priorities to members of Congress.[16] In addition, as part of the system of checks and balances, Article One of the United States Constitution gives the president the power to sign or veto federal legislation. Since the office of president was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole.[17]"}
{"id": "doc54026", "text": "A baby woodpecker that first appeared in Hatch Up Your Troubles and it's remake The Egg and Jerry where it could peck into virtually anything including Tom's stomach, Tom's golf club in Tee for Two or a water pipe as in Landing Stripling. Baby Woodpecker and his Mama would re-appear by making cameo appearances in The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV Series)."}
{"id": "doc54270", "text": "Manchester United won the league again in the 1999\u20132000 and 2000\u201301 seasons. The team finished third in 2001\u201302, before regaining the title in 2002\u201303.[49] They won the 2003\u201304 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3\u20130 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to lift the trophy for a record 11th time.[50] In the 2005\u201306 season, Manchester United failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade,[51] but recovered to secure a second-place league finish and victory over Wigan Athletic in the 2006 Football League Cup Final. The club regained the Premier League in the 2006\u201307 and 2007\u201308 seasons, and completed the European double by beating Chelsea 6\u20135 on penalties in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final in Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium. Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance for the club in this game, overtaking previous record holder Bobby Charlton.[52] In December 2008, the club won the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup and followed this with the 2008\u201309 Football League Cup, and its third successive Premier League title.[53][54] That summer, Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record \u00a380\u00a0million.[55] In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2\u20131 at Wembley to retain the League Cup, its first successful defence of a knockout cup competition.[56]"}
{"id": "doc54307", "text": "Manchester United Football Club"}
{"id": "doc55093", "text": "\""}
{"id": "doc55598", "text": "The Protestant Reformation inspired a literal interpretation of the Bible, with concepts of creation that conflicted with the findings of an emerging science seeking explanations congruent with the mechanical philosophy of Ren\u00e9 Descartes and the empiricism of the Baconian method. After the turmoil of the English Civil War, the Royal Society wanted to show that science did not threaten religious and political stability. John Ray developed an influential natural theology of rational order; in his taxonomy, species were static and fixed, their adaptation and complexity designed by God, and varieties showed minor differences caused by local conditions. In God's benevolent design, carnivores caused mercifully swift death, but the suffering caused by parasitism was a puzzling problem. The biological classification introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1735 also viewed species as fixed according to the divine plan. In 1766, Georges Buffon suggested that some similar species, such as horses and asses, or lions, tigers, and leopards, might be varieties descended from a common ancestor. The Ussher chronology of the 1650s had calculated creation at 4004\u00a0BC, but by the 1780s geologists assumed a much older world. Wernerians thought strata were deposits from shrinking seas, but James Hutton proposed a self-maintaining infinite cycle, anticipating uniformitarianism.[11]"}
{"id": "doc55626", "text": "Page ii contains quotations by William Whewell and Francis Bacon on the theology of natural laws,[103] harmonising science and religion in accordance with Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos.[104] In the second edition, Darwin added an epigraph from Joseph Butler affirming that God could work through scientific laws as much as through miracles, in a nod to the religious concerns of his oldest friends.[84] The Introduction establishes Darwin's credentials as a naturalist and author,[105] then refers to John Herschel's letter suggesting that the origin of species \"would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process\":[106]"}
{"id": "doc56398", "text": "Nantucket Island was too far modernized in 1970 to be convincingly transformed to resemble an early 1940s resort, so production was taken to Mendocino, California, on the West Coast of the US.[3] Shooting took place over eight weeks, during which O'Neill was sequestered from the three boys cast as \"The Terrible Trio,\" in order to ensure that they did not become close and ruin the sense of awkwardness and distance that their characters felt towards Dorothy. Production ran smoothly, finishing on schedule.[3]"}
{"id": "doc56897", "text": "The Pakistani National Assembly (Urdu: \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0626 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u202c\u200e\u2014 Qaum\u012b Asimbli'e P\u0101kist\u0101n); is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 332 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority.[3]"}
{"id": "doc56898", "text": "Members are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies. According to the constitution, the 70 seats reserved for women and religious minorities are allocated to the political parties according to their proportional representation."}
{"id": "doc56902", "text": "The Constitution which was passed unanimously by the National Assembly in April 1973, provides a federal parliamentary system of government, with the President as the ceremonial head of the State and an elected Prime Minister as the head of the government. Under Article 50 of the Constitution the federal legislature is the bicameral Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), which comprises the President and the two Houses, the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly, Pakistan's sovereign legislative body, makes laws for the federation under powers spelled out in the Federal Legislative List and also for subjects in the Concurrent List, as given in the fourth schedule of the Constitution. Through debates, adjournment motions, question hour, and Standing Committees, the National Assembly keeps a check on the government. It ensures that the government functions within the parameters set out in the Constitution, and does not violate the people's fundamental rights. The Parliament scrutinizes public spending and exercises control of expenditure incurred by the government through the work of the relevant Standing Committees. The Public Accounts Committee has a special role to review the report of the Auditor General. Senate, the upper house of the Parliament, has equal representation from the federating units balancing the provincial inequality in the National Assembly, where the number of members is based on population of the provinces. The Senate's role is to promote national cohesion and harmony, and work as a stabilizing factor of the federation. The Senate numbers a total of 104 members who serve six-year terms which are alternated so that half the senators are up for re-election by the electoral college every three years. The National Assembly consists of 332 members. The Constitution empowers the President to dissolve the National Assembly, but the Senate is not subject to dissolution. Only the Parliament can amend the Constitution, by two-thirds majority vote separately in each House."}
{"id": "doc56903", "text": "The Constitution of Pakistan lists a number of requirements for members of the National Assembly in Article 62."}
{"id": "doc56909", "text": "The life of National Assembly is divided into sessions. It had to meet for 130 days before the First Amendment passed on 8 May 1974 in the constitution of 1973. According to this Amendment, maximum duration between successive sessions was reduced to 90 days from 130 days, and there must be at least three sessions in a year. A session of the National Assembly is summoned by the President of Pakistan under Article 54(1) of the Constitution. In the summoning order the President gives the date, time and place (which is usually the Parliament House), for the National Assembly to meet. The date and time for the summoning of the National Assembly is immediately announced over Radio and Television. Generally, a copy of the summon is also sent to the Members at their home address. The National Assembly can also be summoned by the Speaker of National Assembly on a request made by at one-fourth of the total membership of the National Assembly. If the National Assembly is so requisitioned, it must be summoned within 14 days."}
{"id": "doc56921", "text": "The composition of the National Assembly is specified in Article 51 of the Constitution of Pakistan. There are a total of 332 seats in the National Assembly. Of these, 272 are filled by direct elections. In addition, the Pakistani Constitution reserves 10 seats for religious minorities and 60 seats for women, to be filled by proportional representation among parties with more than 5% of the vote. As of 2006, there are 72 women members in the Assembly."}
{"id": "doc57226", "text": "The Nightmare Before Christmas originated in a poem written by Tim Burton in 1982, while he was working as an animator at Walt Disney Feature Animation. With the success of Vincent in the same year, Walt Disney Studios began to consider developing The Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or 30-minute television special. Over the years, Burton's thoughts regularly returned to the project, and in 1990, he made a development deal with Disney. Production started in July 1991 in San Francisco; Disney released the film through its Touchstone Pictures banner because the studio believed the film would be \"too dark and scary for kids\".[4]"}
{"id": "doc57232", "text": "As writer Tim Burton's upbringing in Burbank, California was associated with the feeling of solitude, the filmmaker was largely fascinated by holidays during his childhood. \"Anytime there was Christmas or Halloween, [\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6] it was great. It gave you some sort of texture all of a sudden that wasn't there before\", Burton would later recall.[8] After completing his short film Vincent in 1982,[8] Burton, who was then-employed at Walt Disney Feature Animation, wrote a three-page poem titled The Nightmare Before Christmas, drawing inspiration from television specials of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, How the Grinch Stole Christmas! and the poem A Visit from St. Nicholas.[9] Burton intended to adapt the poem into a television special with the narration spoken by his favorite actor, Vincent Price,[10] but also considered other options such as a children's book.[11] He created concept art and storyboards for the project in collaboration with Rick Heinrichs, who also sculpted character models;[12][13] Burton later showed his and Heinrichs' works-in-progress to Henry Selick, also a Disney animator at the time.[14] After the success of Vincent in 1982, Disney started to consider developing The Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or 30-minute holiday television special.[12] However, the project's development eventually stalled, as its tone seemed \"too weird\" to the company.[15] As Disney was unable to \"offer his nocturnal loners enough scope\", Burton was fired from the studio in 1984,[10] and went on to direct the commercially successful films Beetlejuice and Batman.[15]"}
{"id": "doc57234", "text": "Selick and his team of animators began production in July 1991 in San Francisco, California with a crew of over 120 workers, utilizing 20 sound stages for filming.[14][19] Joe Ranft was hired from Disney as a storyboard supervisor, while Eric Leighton was hired to supervise animation.[20] At the peak of production, 20 individual stages were simultaneously being used for filming.[21] In total, there were 109,440 frames taken for the film. The work of Ray Harryhausen, Ladislas Starevich, Edward Gorey, \u00c9tienne Delessert, Gahan Wilson, Charles Addams, Jan Lenica, Francis Bacon, and Wassily Kandinsky influenced the filmmakers. Selick described the production design as akin to a pop-up book.[12][18] In addition, Selick stated, \"When we reach Halloween Town, it's entirely German Expressionism. When Jack enters Christmas Town, it's an outrageous Dr. Seuss-esque setpiece. Finally, when Jack is delivering presents in the 'Real World', everything is plain, simple and perfectly aligned.\"[22] Vincent Price, Don Ameche, and James Earl Jones were considered to provide the narration for the film's prologue; however, all proved difficult to cast, and the producers instead hired local voice artist, Ed Ivory.[6]"}
{"id": "doc57242", "text": "The Nightmare Before Christmas was reissued by Disney under the Walt Disney Pictures banner and re-released on October 20, 2006, with conversion to Disney Digital 3-D.[4] Industrial Light & Magic assisted in the process.[20] The film subsequently received annually releases in October 2007 and 2008.[28] The El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California has been showing the film in 4-D screenings annually in October, ending on Halloween, since 2010.[29] The reissues have led to a reemergence of 3-D films and advances in RealD Cinema.[30][31]"}
{"id": "doc57247", "text": "Jim Edwards contends that \"Tim Burton's animated movie The Nightmare Before Christmas is really a movie about the marketing business. The movie's lead character, Jack Skellington, the chief marketing officer (CMO) for a successful company, decides that his success is boring and he wants the company to have a different business plan.\"[43]"}
{"id": "doc57248", "text": "Around the release of the film, Disney executive David Hoberman was quoted, \"I hope Nightmare goes out and makes a fortune. If it does, great. If it doesn't, that doesn't negate the validity of the process. The budget was less than any Disney blockbuster so it doesn't have to earn Aladdin-sized grosses to satisfy us.\"[12] The film earned $50 million in the United States on its first theatrical run.[28] and was regarded as a moderate \"sleeper hit\"."}
{"id": "doc57940", "text": "Twelve audiobooks have been released for the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series. The first six are read by Ramon de Ocampo and Dan Russell from number seven. They are presented by Recorded Books and distributed by Audible Inc."}
{"id": "doc57946", "text": "There is a second film in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series that was released on March 25, 2011,[19] which was based on the second book Rodrick Rules, with Zachary Gordon returning as Greg Heffley. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules was also filmed in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The film also contains some scenes from The Last Straw."}
{"id": "doc57948", "text": "The likelihood of a fourth live action film was slim. Kinney has announced the possibility for an animated film to be based on Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever as the next installment. In an interview for the latest book Hard Luck, Jeff Kinney stated he was working with Fox on a half-hour special of Cabin Fever, which was to be aired in late 2014,[21][22] but has since been delayed. In September 2016, Jeff Kinney announced officially the production of a fourth film, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, on his Twitter account.[23]"}
{"id": "doc57975", "text": "A UCC-1 financing statement (an abbreviation for Uniform Commercial Code-1) is a legal form that a creditor files to give notice that it has or may have an interest in the personal property of a debtor (a person who owes a debt to the creditor as typically specified in the agreement creating the debt). This form is filed in order to \"perfect\" a creditor's security interest by giving public notice that there is a right to take possession of and sell certain assets for repayment of a specific debt with a certain priority. Such notices of sale are often found in the local newspapers. Once the form has been filed, the creditor establishes a relative priority with other creditors of the debtor.[1] This process is also called \"perfecting the security interest\" in the property, and this type of loan is a secured loan.[2] A financing statement may also be filed in the real estate records by a lessor of fixtures to establish the priority of the lessor's rights against a holder of a mortgage or other lien on the real property. The creditor's rights against the debtor and the lessor's rights against the lessee are based on the credit documents and the lease, respectively, and not the financing statement."}
{"id": "doc57977", "text": "The financing statement is generally filed with the office of the state secretary of state, in the state where the debtor is located - for an individual, the state where the debtor resides, for most kinds of business organizations the state of incorporation or organization. Many states have a state agency that operates under the secretary of state, which is tasked with overseeing business organizations and activities, including receipt of financing statements. However, an exception exists if the collateral is something that is tied to a particular piece of real property, such as timber, mineral rights, or fixtures. In that case, the filing must be made in the county where the property is located, usually in the recording office or county court, because that is where third parties are most likely to search for such record."}
{"id": "doc58420", "text": "After leaving the camp, Rick gains a right-hand man and close friendship in Tyreese, who is accompanied by his daughter and her boyfriend. They soon find a farm run by Hershel Greene. Among Hershel's seven children is Maggie Greene, who forms a relationship with Glenn. As the group settle at a prison, they become conflicted with a group of surviving prisoners. Otis meets a katana-wielding survivor named Michonne, who is brought into the group, but struggles to acclimate, facing her own demons. Michonne, Rick and Glenn are later held in captivity by The Governor, a leader of a town called Woodbury who plan to take over the prison. Other Woodbury residents include Alice Warren, who changes sides to Rick's group and delivers Lori's baby, Bob Stookey, an army medic responsible for saving The Governor's life and Lilly, one of The Governor's soldiers."}
{"id": "doc58892", "text": "This association reflects an age-old esoteric mythology of Hyperborea that posits the North Pole, the otherworldly world-axis, as the abode of God and superhuman beings.[82] The popular figure of the pole-dwelling Santa Claus thus functions as an archetype of spiritual purity and transcendence.[83]"}
{"id": "doc58964", "text": "Baynes and Tagomi finally meet their Japanese contact as two agents of the Nazi secret police, the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), close in to arrest Baynes, who is actually revealed to be a Nazi defector named Rudolf Wegener. Wegener warns his contact, a famed Japanese general, of Operation Dandelion, an upcoming Goebbels-approved plan for the Nazis to surprise-attack the Japanese Home Islands, in order to obliterate them in one swift stroke. As Frink is elsewhere exposed as a Jew and arrested, Wegener and Tagomi are confronted by the SD agents, both of whom Tagomi shoots dead with an antique American pistol. Back in Colorado, Joe abruptly changes his appearance and mannerisms before the trip to the High Castle, leading Juliana to deduce that he intends to actually murder Abendsen. Joe confirms this, revealing himself to be an undercover Swiss Nazi assassin. Juliana mortally wounds Joe and drives off to warn Abendsen of the threat to his life."}
{"id": "doc59421", "text": "During an August 1982 fundraising reception, Ford stated his opposition to a constitution amendment requiring the US to have a balanced budget, citing a need to elect \"members of the House and Senate who will immediately when Congress convenes act more responsibly in fiscal matters.\"[159] Ford was a participant in the 1982 midterm elections, traveling to Tennessee in October of that year to help Republican candidates.[160]"}
{"id": "doc59550", "text": "To all of this I do solemnly pledge my sacred honor as an Officer of the California Highway Patrol."}
{"id": "doc60190", "text": "On March 8, 2017, the first season (20 episodes) of the show were made available for streaming on the Noggin video subscription service. The remaining three seasons (46 episodes) will be launched soon."}
{"id": "doc60215", "text": "Rosie is an Angel of Darkness, and has been tricking Justin all along to make him evil. Alex finds out, with the help of Tina (a guardian angel in training trying to earn her wings) that Rosie is an Angel of Darkness. Justin crosses over to the dark side with Rosie, steals the \"moral compass\",and gives it to Gorog, so Gorog can turn the compass from good to bad, so that the world will be covered in darkness and every human being will be corrupted. Rosie tries to get Justin to run away and save him, because Gorog wants to destroy him, but Justin refuses to leave, stating that he is no longer a wizard but an Angel of Darkness and breaks his wand in halves. Alex tries to convince Justin that he is a wizard, a good wizard and not an Angel of Darkness."}
{"id": "doc60315", "text": "Cora and Regina arrive at the shop and overcome the protection spell. While David, Neal, and Emma stand against them, Mary Margaret sneaks away to Regina's mausoleum and uses the candle to curse Cora's heart. Regina follows after Cora senses that someone is there. Emma and Neal retreat to the back room, where she casts a new protection spell. Believing he will die, Gold asks to call Belle (Emilie de Ravin). Although Belle still doesn't remember Gold, she is moved when he tells her he loves her, and that she is a hero for loving a monster like him. He says that she inspires him to be his best self. Neal is surprised to hear such heartfelt words from his father, who then also apologizes to him. Neal affirms that he is still angry, but he tearfully embraces Gold."}
{"id": "doc60524", "text": "She was good friends with gossip columnist Liz Smith, with whom she shared a birthday (February 2).[54] In March 2013, Stritch announced she was leaving New York and relocating to Birmingham, Michigan.[55]"}
{"id": "doc60903", "text": "In this episode Elsa is framed, while flashbacks show Elsa meeting her aunt, The Snow Queen."}
{"id": "doc61036", "text": "Von [f\u00c9\u201dn] is a term used in German language surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality or as a simple preposition that approximately means of or from in the case of commoners."}
{"id": "doc61043", "text": "Nevertheless, it was mostly aristocrats and other land owners who acquired a surname consisting of von, zu or zur and a toponym. When families were raised to nobility later on, the prefix was added in front of their existing name whatever its source, e.g. von Goethe. In some cases even an existing non-noble von became noble, or vice versa, therefore the same surname sometimes would be shared by noble and humble individuals."}
{"id": "doc61045", "text": "In order to distinguish the noble von from the non-noble one, the Prussian military abbreviated it to v. in noble names, often without a space following it, whereas the non-noble von was always spelled in full.[2] In the 19th century in Austria and Bavaria non-noble surnames containing von were widely altered by compounding it to the main surname element, such as von Werden \u00e2\u2020\u2019 Vonwerden.[1]"}
{"id": "doc61054", "text": "In the Nordic countries, von is common but not universal in the surnames of noble families of German origin and has occasionally been used as a part of names of ennobled families of native or foreign, but non-German, extraction, as with the family of the philosopher Georg Henrik von Wright, which is of Scottish origin or as with the family of the painter Carl Frederik von Breda who was of Dutch ancestry."}
{"id": "doc61056", "text": "The same broadly holds true for van in Dutch usage, while in Flemish usage Van is commonly capitalized. See van (Dutch)."}
{"id": "doc61227", "text": "Concerns about the environmental and social impacts of industry were expressed by some Enlightenment political economists and through the Romantic movement of the 1800s. The Reverend Thomas Malthus, devised catastrophic and much-criticized theories of \"overpopulation\", while John Stuart Mill foresaw the desirability of a \"stationary state\" economy, thus anticipating concerns of the modern discipline of ecological economics.[24][25][26] In the late 19th century Eugenius Warming was the first botanist to study physiological relations between plants and their environment, heralding the scientific discipline of ecology.[27]"}
{"id": "doc61233", "text": "In 1987 the United Nation's World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission), in its report Our Common Future suggested that development was acceptable, but it must be sustainable development that would meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems. Humanity\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s demand on the planet has more than doubled over the past 45 years as a result of population growth and increasing individual consumption. In 1961 almost all countries in the world had more than enough capacity to meet their own demand; by 2005 the situation had changed radically with many countries able to meet their needs only by importing resources from other nations.[7] A move toward sustainable living by increasing public awareness and adoption of recycling, and renewable energies emerged. The development of renewable sources of energy in the 1970s and '80s, primarily in wind turbines and photovoltaics and increased use of hydroelectricity, presented some of the first sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel and nuclear energy generation, the first large-scale solar and wind power plants appearing during the 1980s and '90s.[38][39] Also at this time many local and state governments in developed countries began to implement small-scale sustainability policies.[40]"}
{"id": "doc61568", "text": "The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on December 26, 2017.[13]"}
{"id": "doc61939", "text": "According to federal statute, the Court normally consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Once appointed, justices have lifetime tenure unless they resign, retire, or are removed after impeachment (though no justice has ever been removed).[3] In modern discourse, the justices are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal philosophies of law and of judicial interpretation. Each justice has one vote, and it is worth noting that while a far greater number of cases in recent history have been decided unanimously, decisions in cases of the highest profile have often come down to just one single vote, thereby exposing the justices' ideological beliefs that track with those philosophical or political categories. The Court meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C."}
{"id": "doc61967", "text": "Despite the variability, all but four presidents have been able to appoint at least one justice. William Henry Harrison died a month after taking office, though his successor (John Tyler) made an appointment during that presidential term. Likewise, Zachary Taylor died 16 months after taking office, but his successor (Millard Fillmore) also made a Supreme Court nomination before the end of that term. Andrew Johnson, who became president after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, was denied the opportunity to appoint a justice by a reduction in the size of the Court. Jimmy Carter is the only person elected president to have left office after at least one full term without having the opportunity to appoint a justice. Somewhat similarly, presidents James Monroe, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and George W. Bush each served a full term without an opportunity to appoint a justice, but made appointments during their subsequent terms in office. No president who has served more than one full term has gone without at least one opportunity to make an appointment."}
{"id": "doc63030", "text": "The Woody's Roundup version was performed by Tom Hanks, with acoustic guitar backing; Wheezy's version was sung by Robert Goulet (though the character was voiced by Joe Ranft); and the Spanish version, \"You've Got a Friend in Me (Para el Buzz Espa\u00c3\u00b1ol)\", was performed by the Gipsy Kings."}
{"id": "doc63538", "text": "Founded by the personal initiatives led by Sir S.A. Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel in 1913, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Pakistan, and its historical roots are traced from the culminating point of the Aligarh Movement.[2] The university provides higher learning in arts, languages, humanities, social sciences and modern sciences.[2] In 1950, the University of Peshawar was founded as an offshoot of Islamia College Peshawar, with the later being associated to the university as a constituent college.[2] Initially established as Islamia College, it was granted university status by the Government of Pakistan in 2008; the word college is retained in its title for preserving its historical roots.[2]"}
{"id": "doc63542", "text": "Subsequently, a large plot of land was purchased for the college building from the Khalil (Arbabs) of Tehkal Rs. 1,50,000/- from Nizam of Hyderabad was sent by Syed Abdul Jabbar Shah to Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum as donation for the college. Other chiefs and nobles of the North-West Frontier and Punjab, also made various donations."}
{"id": "doc63543", "text": "Haji Sahib of Turangzai, the most famous Pukhtun religious leader of the time was requested by Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum to lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. Haji Sahib agreed to the request, however, he had been declared a proclaimed offender by the British for his anti-British activities and his entry was banned into British controlled territory. He was residing in tribal territory, which was outside British control, so Nawab Sahib prevailed upon Sir George Roos-Keppel and the British to permit Haji Sahib to enter British controlled territory for one day so he could lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. The British agreed to this request with the understanding that Haji Sahib would return to tribal territory once he had laid the foundation stone. Haji Sahib was permitted to enter British controlled territory for the ceremony and spent the night in the 'Pokh' Mosque of Tehkal. At the foundation stone laying ceremony, Sir Roos Keppel and other British officials were present, so Haji Sahib hid his face in his sheet (Chadar) from them and was led by Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim to the place where he was to lay the foundation stone. After laying the stone Haji Sahib went to Tehkal and then returned to the tribal territory."}
{"id": "doc63585", "text": "The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday.[1] South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship."}
{"id": "doc63590", "text": "National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship)"}
{"id": "doc63804", "text": "Jack Skellington features in the Nightmare Before Christmas downloadable expansion pack which includes Jack Skellington, Sally, Oogie-Boogie, Dr. Finklestein and the Mayor as in-game playable costumes. The downloadable content can be bought from console stores (e.g. the PlayStation Store). The package included the costumes of which some could be found in the downloaded level. Unlike the worlds originally in the game which all had 3 chapters, the Nightmare Before Christmas world only had 1 chapter called 'Halloween Graveyard'."}
{"id": "doc64314", "text": "The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart.[1] The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins."}
{"id": "doc64316", "text": "Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the heart; Deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the main pulmonary artery."}
{"id": "doc64317", "text": "From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the semilunar pulmonary valve into the left and right main pulmonary arteries (one for each lung), which branch into smaller pulmonary arteries that spread throughout the lungs."}
{"id": "doc64318", "text": "The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart."}
{"id": "doc64791", "text": "Some of the on-location filming was done in Astoria, Oregon. The interior and exterior of the old Clatsop County Jail features as the holding place of Jake Fratelli at the start of the film. (The building was later converted into the Oregon Film Museum, which opened on the 25th anniversary of The Goonies with memorabilia from this and other local films.)[7] The museum where Mikey's father works is, in reality, the Captain George Flavel House Museum. The Walsh family home is a real home on the eastern end of the town.[7] The scenes along the coast were filmed in Oregon, but they were a considerable distance from Astoria. The Goonies bicycle to Ecola State Park (in reality, over 26 miles south of Astoria) and then find the starting location of the map using Haystack Rock as a guide. Underground scenes were filmed at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California, including the cavernous set where the Goonies find One-Eyed Willy's ship, which was in Stage 16, one of the largest sound stages in America.[8] The final scene was shot at Goat Rock State Beach in Sonoma County, California. [9][10][11]"}
{"id": "doc66003", "text": "This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye"}
{"id": "doc66226", "text": "The purpose of an experiment is to determine whether observations agree with or conflict with the predictions derived from a hypothesis.[9] Experiments can take place anywhere from a garage to CERN's Large Hadron Collider. There are difficulties in a formulaic statement of method, however. Though the scientific method is often presented as a fixed sequence of steps, it represents rather a set of general principles.[10] Not all steps take place in every scientific inquiry (nor to the same degree), and they are not always in the same order.[11][12] Some philosophers and scientists have argued that there is no scientific method; they include physicist Lee Smolin[13] and philosopher Paul Feyerabend (in his Against Method). Robert Nola and Howard Sankey remark that \"For some, the whole idea of a theory of scientific method is yester-year's debate, the continuation of which can be summed up as yet more of the proverbial deceased equine castigation. We beg to differ.\"[14]"}
{"id": "doc67620", "text": "United States Constitution"}
{"id": "doc68932", "text": "Legislative power is vested In a bicameral parliament, which consists of a 38-member House of Assembly (the lower house), with members elected from single-member districts, and a 16-member Senate, with members appointed by the Governor-General, including nine on the advice of the Prime Minister, four on the advice of the Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition, and three on the advice of the Prime Minister after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition. The House of Assembly carries out all major legislative functions. As under the Westminster system, the Prime Minister may dissolve Parliament and call a general election at any time within a five-year term.[51]"}
{"id": "doc69211", "text": "Principal photography on the film began in Massachusetts in March 2017 and it was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on November 10, 2017. Although the film received unfavorable reviews, it has grossed over $180 million worldwide on a $69 million budget.[2]"}
{"id": "doc69722", "text": "The president and vice president are supported by an appointed cabinet. There are no formal political parties."}
{"id": "doc69765", "text": "It has a half-life of 10.756 years and a maximum decay energy of 687 keV.[1] It decays into stable, non-radioactive rubidium-85. Its most common decay (99.57%) is by beta particle emission with maximum energy of 687 keV and an average energy of 251 keV. The second most common decay (0.43%) is by beta particle emission (maximum energy of 173 keV) followed by gamma ray emission (energy of 514 keV).[2] Other decay modes have very small probabilities and emit less energetic gammas.[1][3] There are 33 other known isotopes of krypton."}
{"id": "doc69767", "text": "Krypton-85 is produced in small quantities by the interaction of cosmic rays with stable krypton-84 in the atmosphere. Natural sources maintain an equilibrium inventory of about 0.09 PBq in the atmosphere.[4]"}
{"id": "doc69768", "text": "However, as of 2009 the total amount in the atmosphere is estimated at 5500 PBq due to anthropogenic sources.[5] At the end of the year 2000, it was estimated to be 4800 PBq,[4] and in 1973, an estimated 1961 PBq (53 megacuries).[6] The most important of these human sources is nuclear fuel reprocessing.[4][5][6] Nuclear fission produces about three atoms of krypton-85 for every 1000 fissions; i.e. it has a fission yield of 0.3%.[7] Most or all of this krypton-85 is retained in the spent nuclear fuel rods; spent fuel on discharge from a reactor contains between 0.13-1.8 PBq/Mg of krypton-85.[4] Some of this spent fuel is reprocessed. Current nuclear reprocessing releases the gaseous Kr-85 to the atmosphere when the spent fuel is dissolved. It would be possible in principle to capture and store this krypton gas as nuclear waste or for use. The cumulative global amount of krypton-85 released from reprocessing activity has been estimated as 10,600 PBq as of 2000.[4] The global inventory noted above is smaller than this amount due to radioactive decay; a smaller fraction is dissolved into the deep oceans.[4]"}
{"id": "doc69772", "text": "Krypton-85 releases increase the electrical conductivity of atmospheric air. Meteorological effects are expected to be stronger closer to the source of the emissions.[12]"}
{"id": "doc69774", "text": "Krypton-85 is used to inspect aircraft components for small defects. Krypton-85 is allowed to penetrate small cracks, and then its presence is detected by autoradiography. The method is called \"krypton gas penetrant imaging\". The gas penetrates smaller openings than the liquids used in dye penetrant inspection and fluorescent penetrant inspection.[20]"}
{"id": "doc69775", "text": "Krypton-85 is used to test for leaks in semiconductors (MIL-STD-883H) and piping."}
{"id": "doc69778", "text": "Krypton-85 is used to ionize spark gap inlet gases to decrease breakdown voltage."}
{"id": "doc70620", "text": "The disparity between the most and least populous states has grown since the Connecticut Compromise, which granted each state two members of the Senate and at least one member of the House of Representatives, for a total minimum of three presidential Electors, regardless of population. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming, based on the 1790 and 2000 censuses. This means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, reducing the disparity of representation."}
{"id": "doc70639", "text": "Senators are regarded as more prominent political figures than members of the House of Representatives because there are fewer of them, and because they serve for longer terms, usually represent larger constituencies (the exception being House at-large districts, which similarly cover entire states), sit on more committees, and have more staffers. Far more senators have been nominees for the presidency than representatives. Furthermore, three senators (Warren Harding, John F. Kennedy, and Barack Obama) have been elected president while serving in the Senate, while only one Representative (James Garfield) has been elected president while serving in the House, though Garfield was also a Senator-designate at the time of his election to the Presidency, having been chosen by the Ohio Legislature to fill a Senate vacancy."}
{"id": "doc70679", "text": "The powers of the Senate concerning nominations are, however, subject to some constraints. For instance, the Constitution provides that the president may make an appointment during a congressional recess without the Senate's advice and consent. The recess appointment remains valid only temporarily; the office becomes vacant again at the end of the next congressional session. Nevertheless, presidents have frequently used recess appointments to circumvent the possibility that the Senate may reject the nominee. Furthermore, as the Supreme Court held in Myers v. United States, although the Senate's advice and consent is required for the appointment of certain executive branch officials, it is not necessary for their removal.[59] Recess appointments have faced a significant amount of resistance and in 1960, the U.S. Senate passed a legally non-binding resolution against recess appointments."}
{"id": "doc70904", "text": "Gram-negative bacteria produce N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) as their signaling molecule.[4] Usually AHLs do not need additional processing, and bind directly to transcription factors to regulate gene expression. [3]"}
{"id": "doc70905", "text": "Some gram-negative bacteria may use the two-component system as well. [4]"}
{"id": "doc70909", "text": "Salmonella encodes a LuxR homolog, SdiA, but does not encode an AHL synthase. SdiA detects AHLs produced by other species of bacteria including Aeromonas hydrophila, Hafnia alvei, and Yersinia enterocolitica.[7] When AHL is detected, SdiA regulates the rck operon on the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pefI-srgD-srgA-srgB-rck-srgC) and a single gene horizontal acquisition in the chromosome srgE.[8][9] Salmonella does not detect AHL when passing through the gastrointestinal tracts of several animal species, suggesting that the normal microbiota does not produce AHLs. However, SdiA does become activated when Salmonella transits through turtles colonized with Aeromonas hydrophila or mice infected with Yersinia enterocolitica.[10][11] Therefore, Salmonella appears to use SdiA to detect the AHL production of other pathogens rather than the normal gut flora."}
{"id": "doc70919", "text": "The phylogeny of quorum sensing genes in Gammaproteobacteria (which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) is especially interesting.[according to whom?] The LuxI/LuxR genes form a functional pair, with LuxI as the auto-inducer synthase and LuxR as the receptor. Gamma Proteobacteria are unique in possessing quorum sensing genes, which, although functionally similar to the LuxI/LuxR genes, have a markedly divergent sequence.[30] This family of quorum-sensing homologs may have arisen in the gamma Proteobacteria ancestor, although the cause of their extreme sequence divergence yet maintenance of functional similarity has yet to be explained. In addition, species that employ multiple discrete quorum sensing systems are almost all members of the gamma Proteobacteria, and evidence of horizontal transfer of quorum sensing genes is most evident in this class.[29][30]"}
{"id": "doc70976", "text": "In January 1942 the Axis struck back again, advancing to Gazala where the front lines stabilised while both sides raced to build up their strength. At the end of May, Rommel launched the Battle of Gazala where the British armoured divisions were soundly defeated. The Axis seemed on the verge of sweeping the British out of Egypt, but at the First Battle of El Alamein (July 1942) General Claude Auchinleck halted Rommel's advance only 90\u00a0mi (140\u00a0km) from Alexandria. Rommel made a final attempt to break through during the Battle of Alam el Halfa but Eighth Army, by this time commanded by Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery, held firm. After a period of reinforcement and training the Allies assumed the offensive at the Second Battle of Alamein (October/November 1942) where they scored a decisive victory and the remains of Rommel's German-Italian Panzer Army were forced to engage in a fighting retreat for 1,600\u00a0mi (2,600\u00a0km) to the Libyan border with Tunisia."}
{"id": "doc71587", "text": "In the seventh year, in the month of Kislev, the king of Akkad mustered his troops, marched to the Hatti-land, and encamped against the City of Judah and on the ninth day of the month of Adar he seized the city and captured the king. He appointed there a king of his own choice and taking heavy tribute brought it back to Babylon."}
{"id": "doc72413", "text": "\"Somebody's Watching Me\" is a song by American singer Rockwell from his debut studio album Somebody's Watching Me (1984). It was released as Rockwell's debut single and lead single from the album on January 14, 1984, by Motown. It features former Jackson 5 members Michael Jackson (vocals in the chorus) and Jermaine Jackson (additional backing vocals).[2]"}
{"id": "doc72416", "text": "Produced by Curtis Anthony Nolen, the song featured backing vocals by Michael Jackson and Alan Murray on percussion.[2][4]"}
{"id": "doc72481", "text": "The precise origin of the Uncle Sam character is unclear, but a popular legend is that the name \"Uncle Sam\" was derived from Samuel Wilson, a meatpacker from Troy, New York who supplied rations for American soldiers during the War of 1812. There was a requirement at the time for contractors to stamp their name and where the rations came from onto the food they were sending. Wilson's packages were labeled \"E.A \u00e2\u20ac\u201c US.\" When someone asked what that stood for, a co-worker jokingly said, \"Elbert Anderson [the contractor] and Uncle Sam,\" referring to Wilson, though the \"US\" actually stood for United States.[10] Doubts have been raised as to the authenticity of this story, as the claim did not appear in print until 1842.[11] Additionally, the earliest known mention definitely referring to the metaphorical Uncle Sam is from 1810, predating Wilson's contract with the government.[9] As early as 1835, Brother Jonathan made a reference to Uncle Sam, implying that they symbolized different things: Brother Jonathan was the country itself, while Uncle Sam was the government and its power.[12]"}
{"id": "doc73739", "text": "A sign on the Vikingen island marking the Arctic Circle in Norway"}
{"id": "doc74797", "text": "In Spring/Summer 1988 a Dutch radio station aired a no-overdub version that was acquired through dubious raids on the Apple vaults and titled Beatles unlimited. (Private copy, used by owner only, is noted here.)"}
{"id": "doc74858", "text": "A sequel is set to be released on November 1, 2019.[11]"}
{"id": "doc75292", "text": "The English name of Singapore is an anglicisation of the native Malay name for the country, Singapura, which was in turn derived from Sanskrit[10] (\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u092a\u0941\u0930, IAST: Si\u1e43hapura; si\u1e43ha is \"lion\", pura is \"town\" or \"city\"), hence the customary reference to the nation as the Lion City, and its inclusion in many of the nation's symbols (e.g., its coat of arms, Merlion emblem). However, it is unlikely that lions ever lived on the island; Sang Nila Utama, the Srivijayan prince said to have founded and named the island Singapura, perhaps saw a Malayan tiger. There are however other suggestions for the origin of the name and scholars do not believe that the origin of the name to be firmly established.[11][12] The central island has also been called Pulau Ujong as far back as the third century CE, literally \"island at the end\" (of the Malay Peninsula) in Malay.[13][14]"}
{"id": "doc75967", "text": "Usually a globe is mounted so that its spin axis is 23.5\u00c2\u00b0 from vertical, which is the angle the Earth's spin axis deviates from perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. This mounting makes it easy to visualize how seasons change."}
{"id": "doc77634", "text": "The 2016 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2015\u201316 UEFA Champions League, the 61st season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 24th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the San Siro stadium in Milan, Italy, on 28 May 2016,[5] between Spanish teams Real Madrid and Atl\u00e9tico Madrid, in a repeat of the 2014 final. It was the second time in the tournament's history that both finalists were from the same city. Real Madrid won 5\u20133 on a penalty shoot-out after a 1\u20131 draw at the end of extra time, securing a record-extending 11th title in the competition."}
{"id": "doc77635", "text": "Real Madrid earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015\u201316 UEFA Europa League, Sevilla, in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup. They also qualified to enter the semi-finals of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup as the UEFA representative."}
{"id": "doc77640", "text": "Real Madrid reached a record 14th final after a 1\u20130 aggregate win against Manchester City, with a chance to win a record 11th title.[9] Previously, they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2014, and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 18th final in all UEFA club competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Their manager, Zinedine Zidane, who scored the winning goal for Real Madrid in the 2002 final, was aiming to become the seventh man to win the Champions League as both player and manager,[10] joining Miguel Mu\u00f1oz, Giovanni Trapattoni, Johan Cruyff, Carlo Ancelotti, Frank Rijkaard and Pep Guardiola.[11]"}
{"id": "doc77971", "text": "The rhyme was first recorded by James Orchard Halliwell as an English children's game in the mid-19th century.[1] He noted that there was a similar game with the lyrics 'Here we go round the bramble bush'. The bramble bush may be an earlier version, possibly changed because of the difficulty of the alliteration, since mulberries do not grow on bushes.[2]"}
{"id": "doc77973", "text": "The song and associated game is traditional, and has parallels in Scandinavia and in the Netherlands (the bush is a juniper in Scandinavia).[3]"}
{"id": "doc77976", "text": "Another possible interpretation of the rhyme is that it references Britain's struggles to produce silk, mulberry trees being a key habitat for the cultivation of silkworms. As Bill Bryson explains, Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries tried to emulate the success of the Chinese in silk production but the industry was held back by periodic harsh winters and mulberry trees proved too sensitive to frost to thrive. [6] The traditional lyrics 'Here we go round the mulberry bush / On a cold and frosty morning' may therefore be a joke about the problems faced by the industry."}
{"id": "doc78091", "text": "Other more rare types of radioactive decay include ejection of neutrons or protons or clusters of nucleons from a nucleus, or more than one beta particle. An analog of gamma emission which allows excited nuclei to lose energy in a different way, is internal conversion\u00e2\u20ac\u201d a process that produces high-speed electrons that are not beta rays, followed by production of high-energy photons that are not gamma rays. A few large nuclei explode into two or more charged fragments of varying masses plus several neutrons, in a decay called spontaneous nuclear fission."}
{"id": "doc78548", "text": "The Catechism of the Catholic Church, quoting the Second Vatican Council's document Lumen gentium, states: \"The pope, Bishop of Rome and Peter's successor, 'is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful.'\"[29] Communion with bishop of Rome has become such a significant identifier of Catholic identity that at times the Catholic Church has been known in its entirety as \"Roman Catholic\", though this is inaccurate in Catholic theology (ecclesiology).[30]"}
{"id": "doc79982", "text": "First aired April 4, 2007"}
{"id": "doc80067", "text": "Some of the most important debates in the history of scientific method center on: rationalism, especially as advocated by Ren\u00e9 Descartes; inductivism, which rose to particular prominence with Isaac Newton and his followers; and hypothetico-deductivism, which came to the fore in the early 19th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a debate over realism vs. antirealism was central to discussions of scientific method as powerful scientific theories extended beyond the realm of the observable, while in the mid-20th century some prominent philosophers argued against any universal rules of science at all.[1]"}
{"id": "doc80070", "text": "The early Babylonians and Egyptians developed much technical knowledge, crafts, and mathematics[5] used in practical tasks of divination, as well as a knowledge of medicine,[6] and made lists of various kinds. While the Babylonians in particular had engaged in the earliest forms of an empirical mathematical science, with their early attempts at mathematically describing natural phenomena, they generally lacked underlying rational theories of nature.[4][7][8] It was the ancient Greeks who engaged in the earliest forms of what is today recognized as a rational theoretical science,[7][9] with the move towards a more rational understanding of nature which began at least since the Archaic Period (650 \u2013 480 BCE) with the Presocratic school. Thales was the first to use natural explanations, proclaiming that every event had a natural cause, even though he is known for saying \"all things are full of gods\" and sacrificed an ox when he discovered his theorem.[10] Leucippus, went on to develop the theory of atomism \u2013 the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms. This was elaborated in great detail by Democritus."}
{"id": "doc80074", "text": "Aristotle's inductive-deductive method used inductions from observations to infer general principles, deductions from those principles to check against further observations, and more cycles of induction and deduction to continue the advance of knowledge.[14]"}
{"id": "doc80078", "text": "Aristotle introduced what may be called a scientific method.[16] His demonstration method is found in Posterior Analytics. He provided another of the ingredients of scientific tradition: empiricism. For Aristotle, universal truths can be known from particular things via induction. To some extent then, Aristotle reconciles abstract thought with observation, although it would be a mistake to imply that Aristotelian science is empirical in form. Indeed, Aristotle did not accept that knowledge acquired by induction could rightly be counted as scientific knowledge. Nevertheless, induction was for him a necessary preliminary to the main business of scientific enquiry, providing the primary premises required for scientific demonstrations."}
{"id": "doc80089", "text": "During the Middle Ages issues of what is now termed science began to be addressed. There was greater emphasis on combining theory with practice in the Islamic world than there had been in Classical times, and it was common for those studying the sciences to be artisans as well, something that had been \"considered an aberration in the ancient world.\" Islamic experts in the sciences were often expert instrument makers who enhanced their powers of observation and calculation with them.[24] Muslim scientists used experiment and quantification to distinguish between competing scientific theories, set within a generically empirical orientation, as can be seen in the works of J\u0101bir ibn Hayy\u0101n (721\u2013815)[25] and Alkindus (801\u2013873)[26] as early examples. Several scientific methods thus emerged from the medieval Muslim world by the early 11th century, all of which emphasized experimentation as well as quantification to varying degrees."}
{"id": "doc80100", "text": "During the European Renaissance of the 12th century, ideas on scientific methodology, including Aristotle's empiricism and the experimental approaches of Alhazen and Avicenna, were introduced to medieval Europe via Latin translations of Arabic and Greek texts and commentaries. Robert Grosseteste's commentary on the Posterior Analytics places Grosseteste among the first scholastic thinkers in Europe to understand Aristotle's vision of the dual nature of scientific reasoning. Concluding from particular observations into a universal law, and then back again, from universal laws to prediction of particulars. Grosseteste called this \"resolution and composition\". Further, Grosseteste said that both paths should be verified through experimentation to verify the principles.[44]"}
{"id": "doc80123", "text": "Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by experiments into greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms. These we call interpreters of nature."}
{"id": "doc80133", "text": "During the period of religious conservatism brought about by the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, Galileo Galilei unveiled his new science of motion. Neither the contents of Galileo\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s science, nor the methods of study he selected were in keeping with Aristotelian teachings. Whereas Aristotle thought that a science should be demonstrated from first principles, Galileo had used experiments as a research tool. Galileo nevertheless presented his treatise in the form of mathematical demonstrations without reference to experimental results. It is important to understand that this in itself was a bold and innovative step in terms of scientific method. The usefulness of mathematics in obtaining scientific results was far from obvious.[70] This is because mathematics did not lend itself to the primary pursuit of Aristotelian science: the discovery of causes."}
{"id": "doc80148", "text": "In the mid-19th century Claude Bernard was also influential, especially in bringing the scientific method to medicine. In his discourse on scientific method, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865), he described what makes a scientific theory good and what makes a scientist a true discoverer. Unlike many scientific writers of his time, Bernard wrote about his own experiments and thoughts, and used the first person.[88]"}
{"id": "doc80151", "text": "In the late 19th century, Charles Sanders Peirce proposed a schema that would turn out to have considerable influence in the further development of scientific method generally. Peirce's work quickly accelerated the progress on several fronts. Firstly, speaking in broader context in \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear\" (1878),[90] Peirce outlined an objectively verifiable method to test the truth of putative knowledge on a way that goes beyond mere foundational alternatives, focusing upon both Deduction and Induction. He thus placed induction and deduction in a complementary rather than competitive context (the latter of which had been the primary trend at least since David Hume a century before). Secondly, and of more direct importance to scientific method, Peirce put forth the basic schema for hypothesis-testing that continues to prevail today. Extracting the theory of inquiry from its raw materials in classical logic, he refined it in parallel with the early development of symbolic logic to address the then-current problems in scientific reasoning. Peirce examined and articulated the three fundamental modes of reasoning that play a role in scientific inquiry today, the processes that are currently known as abductive, deductive, and inductive inference. Thirdly, he played a major role in the progress of symbolic logic itself \u00e2\u20ac\u201c indeed this was his primary specialty."}
{"id": "doc80154", "text": "Karl Popper (1902\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1994) is generally credited with providing major improvements in the understanding of the scientific method in the mid-to-late 20th century. In 1934 Popper published The Logic of Scientific Discovery, which repudiated the by then traditional observationalist-inductivist account of the scientific method. He advocated empirical falsifiability as the criterion for distinguishing scientific work from non-science. According to Popper, scientific theory should make predictions (preferably predictions not made by a competing theory) which can be tested and the theory rejected if these predictions are shown not to be correct. Following Peirce and others, he argued that science would best progress using deductive reasoning as its primary emphasis, known as critical rationalism. His astute formulations of logical procedure helped to rein in the excessive use of inductive speculation upon inductive speculation, and also helped to strengthen the conceptual foundations for today's peer review procedures.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc80268", "text": "The Committee of Five edited Jefferson's draft. Their version survived further edits by the whole Congress intact, and reads:[6]"}
{"id": "doc80490", "text": "Under FATCA, non-U.S. ('foreign') financial institutions (FFIs) are required to report asset and identify information related to suspected U.S. persons using their financial institutions.[24]"}
{"id": "doc80948", "text": "The kneeling angel is an early work, one of several that Michelangelo created as part of a large decorative scheme for the Arca di San Domenico in the church dedicated to that saint in Bologna. Several other artists had worked on the scheme, beginning with Nicola Pisano in the 13th century. In the late 15th century, the project was managed by Niccol\u00f2 dell'Arca. An angel holding a candlestick, by Niccol\u00f2, was already in place.[68] Although the two angels form a pair, there is a great contrast between the two works, the one depicting a delicate child with flowing hair clothed in Gothic robes with deep folds, and Michelangelo's depicting a robust and muscular youth with eagle's wings, clad in a garment of Classical style. Everything about Michelangelo's angel is dynamic.[69] Michelangelo's Bacchus was a commission with a specified subject, the youthful God of Wine. The sculpture has all the traditional attributes, a vine wreath, a cup of wine and a fawn, but Michelangelo ingested an air of reality into the subject, depicting him with bleary eyes, a swollen bladder and a stance that suggests he is unsteady on his feet.[68] While the work is plainly inspired by Classical sculpture, it is innovative for its rotating movement and strongly three-dimensional quality, which encourages the viewer to look at it from every angle.[70] In the so-called Dying Slave, Michelangelo has again utilised the figure with marked contraposto to suggest a particular human state, in this case waking from sleep. With the Rebellious Slave, it is one of two such earlier figures for the Tomb of Pope Julius II, now in the Louvre, that the sculptor brought to an almost finished state.[71] These two works were to have a profound influence on later sculpture, through Rodin who studied them at the Louvre.[72] The Bound Slave is one of the later figures for Pope Julius' tomb. The works, known collectively as The Captives, each show the figure struggling to free itself, as if from the bonds of the rock in which it is lodged. The works give a unique insight into the sculptural methods that Michelangelo employed and his way of revealing what he perceived within the rock.[73]"}
{"id": "doc81162", "text": "The amendment was proposed by Congress in 1789 during its first term following the Constitutional Convention and ratification of the Constitution. It was considered by many members as a prerequisite of such ratification[2] particularly to satisfy demands by the Anti-Federalism movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government."}
{"id": "doc81655", "text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid 3: Dog Days) is a 2012 American comedy film directed by David Bowers from a screenplay by Wallace Wolodarsky and Maya Forbes. It stars Zachary Gordon and Steve Zahn. Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Peyton List, Grayson Russell, and Karan Brar also have prominent roles. It is the third installment in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series, and is based on the fourth book in the series, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days.[4]"}
{"id": "doc81671", "text": "Principal photography began on August 8, 2011 in Vancouver and was completed on October 7, 2011.[6] The location for the country club pool was Eagle Ridge Outdoor pool in Coquitlam, BC. Filming at Eagle Ridge Outdoor pool took place during the end of August 2011.[7][8][9][10] The municipal outdoor pool scenes at the beginning and the end of the movie were filmed at Steveston Outdoor pool in Richmond, BC. Filming occurred at the Steveston Outdoor pool during the beginning of September 2011.[11][12][13] The Chinese Bunkhouse at the Steveston Shipyards in Richmond, BC was the location of the Wilderness Explorers cabin for Troop 133.[14][15] During filming, stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron, were seen riding the Corkscrew at Playland at Vancouver's fair, the PNE.[14] A poster was leaked in March 2012. A teaser trailer was attached to The Three Stooges.[16] An advance screening for the film was held on July 31, 2012.[17]"}
{"id": "doc82127", "text": "Mason Alan Dinehart (born April 30, 1936), also known as Mason Alan Dinehart III, Alan Dinehart III, or Mase Dinehart, is an American businessman and former actor best known for his role as a youthful Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes between 1955 and 1959 of the ABC/Desilu television series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role of the frontier marshal Wyatt Earp.[1]"}
{"id": "doc82130", "text": "Dinehart played the youthful Bat Masterson who is the understudy of Wyatt Earp in learning the proper techniques of frontier law enforcement. Earp rarely calls him \"Bat\" but \"Mr. Masterson\" to teach the young man maturity. In a 1956 episode \"Bat Masterson Again,\" Earp shows young Masterson on the proper use of a pistol. During this time Masterson was elected sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, which includes the county seat of Dodge City. Bill Tilghman had been denied the right to run for sheriff again. Earp as an appointed town marshal works with an elected sheriff, and their differences in jurisdiction do not cause any problems. Bat's brother, Ed Masterson, played by Brad Johnson, formerly the deputy sheriff on the Annie Oakley television series, is shot in an ambush by drunken cowboys, and Masterson settles the score. When Earp finally comes to Tombstone, Arizona Territory, he lacks the working relationship with Sheriff Johnny Behan that he had in Kansas with Bat Masterson.[4]"}
{"id": "doc82650", "text": "Panzerkampfwagen VIII Maus (\"Mouse\") was a German World War II super-heavy tank completed in late 1944. It is the heaviest fully enclosed armoured fighting vehicle ever built. Five were ordered, but only two hulls and one turret were completed before the testing grounds were captured by the advancing Soviet forces."}
{"id": "doc83367", "text": "The winner of the Golden Glove was Manuel Neuer."}
{"id": "doc83659", "text": "Sweden had very few tanks in the inter-war era. For a time, the entire armoured corps consisted of ten Stridsvagn mf/21s. This was a design based upon a German First World War tank and had been secretly purchased by Sweden in the form of tractor assembly kits."}
{"id": "doc83863", "text": "Cone cells, or cones, are one of three types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye). They are responsible for color vision and function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells, which work better in dim light. Cone cells are densely packed in the fovea centralis, a 0.3\u00c2\u00a0mm diameter rod-free area with very thin, densely packed cones which quickly reduce in number towards the periphery of the retina. There are about six to seven million cones in a human eye and are most concentrated towards the macula.[1] The commonly cited figure of six million cone cells in the human eye was found by Osterberg in 1935.[2] Oyster's textbook (1999)[3] cites work by Curcio et al. (1990) indicating an average close to 4.5 million cone cells and 90 million rod cells in the human retina.[4]"}
{"id": "doc83864", "text": "Cones are less sensitive to light than the rod cells in the retina (which support vision at low light levels), but allow the perception of colour. They are also able to perceive finer detail and more rapid changes in images, because their response times to stimuli are faster than those of rods.[5] Cones are normally one of the three types, each with different pigment, namely: S-cones, M-cones and L-cones. Each cone is therefore sensitive to visible wavelengths of light that correspond to short-wavelength, medium-wavelength and long-wavelength light.[6] Because humans usually have three kinds of cones with different photopsins, which have different response curves and thus respond to variation in colour in different ways, we have trichromatic vision. Being colour blind can change this, and there have been some verified reports of people with four or more types of cones, giving them tetrachromatic vision.[7][8][9] The three pigments responsible for detecting light have been shown to vary in their exact chemical composition due to genetic mutation; different individuals will have cones with different color sensitivity. Destruction of the cone cells from disease would result in color blindness."}
{"id": "doc83871", "text": "Photobleaching can be used to determine cone arrangement. This is done by exposing dark-adapted retina to a certain wavelength of light that paralyzes the particular type of cone sensitive to that wavelength for up to thirty minutes from being able to dark-adapt making it appear white in contrast to the grey dark-adapted cones when a picture of the retina is taken. The results illustrate that S cones are randomly placed and appear much less frequently than the M and L cones. The ratio of M and L cones varies greatly among different people with regular vision (e.g. values of 75.8% L with 20.0% M versus 50.6% L with 44.2% M in two male subjects).[15]"}
{"id": "doc83872", "text": "Like rods, each cone cell has a synaptic terminal, an inner segment, and an outer segment as well as an interior nucleus and various mitochondria. The synaptic terminal forms a synapse with a neuron such as a bipolar cell. The inner and outer segments are connected by a cilium.[5] The inner segment contains organelles and the cell's nucleus, while the outer segment, which is pointed toward the back of the eye, contains the light-absorbing materials.[5]"}
{"id": "doc83875", "text": "One of the diseases related to cone cells present in retina is retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina, caused by the mutation of both copies of retinoblastoma genes (RB1). Most cases of retinoblastoma occur during early childhood.[16] One or both eyes may be affected. The protein encoded by RB1 regulates a signal transduction pathway while controlling the cell cycle progression as normally. Retinoblastoma seems to originate in cone precursor cells present in the retina that consist of natural signalling networks which restrict cell death and promote cell survival after losing the RB1, or having both the RB1 copies mutated. It has been found that TR\u00ce\u00b22 which is a transcription factor specifically affiliated with cones is essential for rapid reproduction and existence of the retinoblastoma cell.[16] A drug that can be useful in the treatment of this disease is MDM2 (murine double minute 2) gene. Knockdown studies have shown that the MDM2 gene silences ARF-induced apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells and that MDM2 is necessary for the survival of cone cells.[16] It is unclear at this point why the retinoblastoma in humans is sensitive to RB1 inactivation."}
{"id": "doc84475", "text": "The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell, it served as a vital commercial highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. Santa Fe was near the end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro which carried trade from Mexico City."}
{"id": "doc84481", "text": "The wagon trains followed various emigrant trails to points west as people responded to opportunity to hold free land, and the political philosophy of Manifest Destiny dominated national political discussions. Connecting the riverboat port cities and their wagon train outfitters to the destinations, the trail was a fundamentally important trade route, carrying manufactured products from the central plains of United States to the trail head towns St. Joseph and Independence, Missouri. In the 1820s\u201330s, it was also sporadically important in the reverse trade, carrying foods and supplies to the fur trappers and mountain men opening the remote Northwest, esp. in the Interior Northwest: Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Montana\u2014connecting via mule trail (trapper's trails) to points north to supply the lucrative overland fur trade."}
{"id": "doc84492", "text": "The railroad's sale of its land granted by congress fostered growth of new towns and businesses along its route, which generated railway traffic and revenues. With this financial base, the railway extended west, gradually adding new connections through rougher west country along the western Trail. With the development of rail transport, traffic on the Trail soon dropped to merely local trade. In a sense, after World War I the trail was reborn; by the 1920s it gradually became paved automobile roads."}
{"id": "doc86071", "text": "The music video showed the recording of \"We Are the World\", and drew criticism from some. Michael Jackson joked before filming, \"People will know it's me as soon as they see the socks. Try taking footage of Bruce Springsteen's socks and see if anyone knows who they belong to.\"[24] Jackson was also criticized for filming and recording his solo piece privately, away from the other artists."}
{"id": "doc86108", "text": "Hess shot the film on location in Preston, in Southeastern Idaho, located near the Utah border, in July of 2003. Operating on a tight budget of $400,000, Hess cast many of his friends from school, including Heder and Aaron Ruell, and relied on the generosity of Preston locals who provided housing and food to crew members.[8]"}
{"id": "doc86433", "text": "\"Once Upon a Dream\" was covered by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for the dark fantasy film Maleficent (2014), which serves as a prequel to and re-imagining of the original Sleeping Beauty (1959). The song was released on January 26, 2014; it was made available as a free digital download during its first week of availability by the Google Play Store.[5] On February 4, the digital download was made available for purchase.[6]"}
{"id": "doc86469", "text": "The producers chose to film in Atlanta because of its proximity to Cynthiana, Kentucky, Kirkman's hometown and the setting of his comic's first issue. \"At the beginning they talk about how some of the people in neighboring states would have gone to larger cities so they could fortify them and protect the population.\"[10] Kirkman had considered other cities, particularly New York City, Miami, and Chicago.[10] Hurd had previously filmed in the city for Lifetime.[10] Darabont felt that Atlanta offered the essentials; \"Atlanta and Georgia all-told is proving to be brilliant for us in terms of what it has to offer, in terms of what the story needed, in terms of the variety of locations\u2014it really is a fantastic place to shoot.\"[21] Prior to filming, Kirkman toured with Darabont around the central business district. He stated, \"I tagged along on a location-scouting expedition, and that was pretty fun\u2014watching Frank Darabont walking through the streets of Atlanta as if he owned the entire city, daring cars to hit him. That was a lot of fun.\"[22] Darabont ventured onto the middle of a street to grasp a perfect shot, oblivious to oncoming traffic.[22]"}
{"id": "doc87191", "text": "The series is filmed on the French island of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles, mainly in the commune of Deshaies (which doubles for the town of Honor\u00e9 on the fictional island of Saint Marie), with the help of the Bureau d\u2019accueil des tournages de la R\u00e9gion Guadeloupe.[18] The site of the Honor\u00e9 police station is a church hall in Deshaies with the priest's office appearing as the incident room.[19]"}
{"id": "doc87294", "text": "The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. There are 203 members, elected for two-year terms from single member districts.[2][3]"}
{"id": "doc88115", "text": "Filming began in November 2016, with post-production following in January. The film was released in the United States on October 27, 2017, receiving generally unfavorable reviews from critics, and grossing a reported $102.9 million worldwide."}
{"id": "doc88173", "text": "The Board of Governors does not receive funding from Congress, and the terms of the seven members of the Board span multiple presidential and congressional terms. Once a member of the Board of Governors is appointed by the president, he or she functions mostly independently. The Board is required to make an annual report of operations to the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.[3] It also supervises and regulates the operations of the Federal Reserve Banks, and the U.S. banking system in general."}
{"id": "doc88439", "text": "The Assyrian captivity (or the Assyrian exile) is the period in the history of Ancient Israel and Judah during which several thousand Israelites of ancient Samaria were resettled as captives by Assyria. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and successor, Sennacherib, were responsible for finishing the twenty-year demise of Israel's northern ten-tribe kingdom, although they did not overtake the Southern Kingdom. Jerusalem was besieged, but not taken. The tribes forcibly resettled by Assyria later became known as the Ten Lost Tribes."}
{"id": "doc88443", "text": "In 722 BCE, nearly ten to twenty years after the initial deportations, the ruling city of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, Samaria, was finally taken by Sargon II after a three-year siege started by Shalmaneser V."}
{"id": "doc88505", "text": "The Scottrade Center hosted the 2007 Frozen Four college ice hockey tournament on April 5 and April 7, 2007."}
{"id": "doc88615", "text": "The scope of the resolutions, going well beyond tinkering with the Articles of Confederation, succeeded in broadening the debate to encompass fundamental revisions to the structure and powers of the national government. The resolutions proposed, for example, a new form of national government having three branches (legislative, executive and judicial). One contentious issue facing the convention was the manner in which large and small states would be represented in the legislature: proportionate to population, with larger states having more votes than less-populous states, or by equal representation for each state, regardless of its size and population. The latter system more closely resembled that of the Articles of Confederation, under which each state was represented by one vote in a unicameral legislature.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc88931", "text": "The Day of the Dead (Spanish: D\u00c3\u00ada de Muertos) is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican ancestry living in other places, especially the United States. It is acknowledged internationally in many other cultures. The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died, and help support their spiritual journey. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.[1]"}
{"id": "doc88933", "text": "Scholars trace the origins of the modern Mexican holiday to indigenous observances dating back hundreds of years and to an Aztec festival dedicated to the goddess Mictecacihuatl. The holiday has spread throughout the world, being absorbed into other deep traditions in honor of the dead. It has become a national symbol and as such is taught (for educational purposes) in the nation's schools. Many families celebrate a traditional \"All Saints' Day\" associated with the Catholic Church."}
{"id": "doc88934", "text": "Originally, the Day of the Dead as such was not celebrated in northern Mexico, where it was unknown until the 20th century because its indigenous people had different traditions. The people and the church rejected it as a day related to syncretizing pagan elements with Catholic Christianity. They held the traditional 'All Saints' Day' in the same way as other Christians in the world. There was limited Mesoamerican influence in this region, and relatively few indigenous inhabitants from the regions of Southern Mexico, where the holiday was celebrated. In the early 21st century in northern Mexico, D\u00c3\u00ada de Muertos is observed because the Mexican government made it a national holiday based on educational policies from the 1960s; it has introduced this holiday as a unifying national tradition based on indigenous traditions.[7][8][9]"}
{"id": "doc88973", "text": "As part of a promotion by the Mexican embassy in Prague, Czech Republic, since the late 20th century, some local citizens join in a Mexican-style Day of the Dead. A theatre group produces events featuring masks, candles, and sugar skulls.[41]"}
{"id": "doc88974", "text": "Mexican-style Day of the Dead celebrations occur in major cities in Australia, Fiji, and Indonesia. Additionally, prominent celebrations are held in Wellington, New Zealand, complete with altars celebrating the deceased with flowers and gifts.[42]"}
{"id": "doc89418", "text": "An alternate rendition to the U.S. tune above:"}
{"id": "doc89435", "text": "The show is set at a modest waterfront resort at Lake of the Ozarks, inspired by the Alhonna Resort and Marina, where series creator Dubuque worked as a dock hand while attending college in Missouri during the 1980s.[10] Most of the shooting locations are in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier, rather than at the Lake of the Ozarks, because of tax breaks offered by the state of Georgia.[11][12] The film crew constructed a set in Georgia after extensively studying the Alhonna Resort property.[10] Some scenes are filmed at Chicago locations.[13] Only a few scenes of the pilot were shot in the city of Lake Ozark, Missouri; these include shots of the locally famous \"Welcome To Lake Of the Ozarks\" sign and the \"Injun Joe Muffler Man\" statue. The series was renewed for a 10-episode second season on August 15, 2017.[7]"}
{"id": "doc90322", "text": "The Earth is rotating or spinning around its axis. This is evidenced by day and night, at the equator the earth has an eastward velocity of 0.4651 kilometres per second (1,040\u00a0mph).[8] The Earth is also orbiting around the Sun in an orbital revolution. A complete orbit around the sun takes one year, or about 365 days; it averages a speed of about 30 kilometres per second (67,000\u00a0mph).[9]"}
{"id": "doc90807", "text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions."}
{"id": "doc90808", "text": "The show took a tongue-in-cheek outlook, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern clothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble, hence the nickname \"Bat\". Masterson was also portrayed as a ladies' man who traveled the West looking for women and adventure."}
{"id": "doc90819", "text": "In The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991) Barry played Masterson, also with O'Brian as Earp, as well as Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick and Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie.[4]"}
{"id": "doc91119", "text": "The first obstacle to its construction was political. The logical route went through the American Midwest and the city of Chicago, Illinois. In addition to this was the difficulty of building a railroad through the Canadian Rockies; an entirely Canadian route would require crossing 1,600\u00a0km (990\u00a0mi) of rugged terrain across the barren Canadian Shield and muskeg of Northern Ontario. To ensure this routing, the government offered huge incentives including vast grants of land in the West.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc91121", "text": "With Macdonald's return to power on 16 October 1878, a more aggressive construction policy was adopted. Macdonald confirmed that Port Moody would be the terminus of the transcontinental railway, and announced that the railway would follow the Fraser and Thompson rivers between Port Moody and Kamloops. In 1879, the federal government floated bonds in London and called for tenders to construct the 206\u00a0km (128\u00a0mi) section of the railway from Yale, British Columbia, to Savona's Ferry, on Kamloops Lake. The contract was awarded to Andrew Onderdonk, whose men started work on 15 May 1880. After the completion of that section, Onderdonk received contracts to build between Yale and Port Moody, and between Savona's Ferry and Eagle Pass.[9][citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc91124", "text": "It was presumed that the railway would travel through the rich \"Fertile Belt\" of the North Saskatchewan River Valley and cross the Rocky Mountains via the Yellowhead Pass, a route suggested by Sir Sandford Fleming based on a decade of work. However, the CPR quickly discarded this plan in favour of a more southerly route across the arid Palliser's Triangle in Saskatchewan and via Kicking Horse Pass and down the Field Hill to the Rocky Mountain Trench. This route was more direct and closer to the Canada\u00e2\u20ac\u201cUS border, making it easier for the CPR to keep American railways from encroaching on the Canadian market. However, this route also had several disadvantages."}
{"id": "doc91127", "text": "A more lasting consequence of the choice of route was that, unlike the one proposed by Fleming, the land surrounding the railway often proved too arid for successful agriculture. The CPR may have placed too much reliance on a report from naturalist John Macoun, who had crossed the prairies at a time of very high rainfall and had reported that the area was fertile.[17]"}
{"id": "doc91244", "text": "The German element Kur- is based on the Middle High German irregular verb kiesen[3] and is related etymologically to the English word choose (cf. Old English ceosan [t\u0283eo\u032fzan], participle coren 'having been chosen' and Gothic kiusan). In English, the \"s\"/\"r\" mix in the Germanic verb conjugation has been regularized to \"s\" throughout, while German retains the r in Kur-. There is also a modern German verb k\u00fcren which means 'to choose' in a ceremonial sense. F\u00fcrst is German for 'prince', but while the German language distinguishes between the head of a principality (der F\u00fcrst) and the son of a monarch (der Prinz), English uses prince for both concepts. F\u00fcrst itself is related to English first and is thus the 'foremost' person in his realm. Note that 'prince' derives from Latin princeps, which carried the same meaning."}
{"id": "doc92952", "text": "The federal government is separated into three branches:"}
{"id": "doc93287", "text": "Ordeal by Innocence is a three part BBC drama that was first broadcast during April 2018. It is based on the Agatha Christie novel of the same name and is the third English language filmed version to be broadcast. The drama stars Bill Nighy, Anna Chancellor, Alice Eve and Eleanor Tomlinson amongst others."}
{"id": "doc93503", "text": "On May 22, 2015,The Bastard Executioner was picked up for a 10-episode series for fall launch.[33]"}
{"id": "doc94024", "text": "The most usual term for the geographic area of a bishop's authority and ministry, the diocese, began as part of the structure of the Roman Empire under Diocletian. As Roman authority began to fail in the western portion of the empire, the church took over much of the civil administration. This can be clearly seen in the ministry of two popes: Pope Leo I in the 5th century, and Pope Gregory I in the 6th century. Both of these men were statesmen and public administrators in addition to their role as Christian pastors, teachers and leaders. In the Eastern churches, latifundia entailed to a bishop's see were much less common, the state power did not collapse the way it did in the West, and thus the tendency of bishops acquiring secular power was much weaker than in the West. However, the role of Western bishops as civil authorities, often called prince bishops, continued throughout much of the Middle Ages."}
{"id": "doc94367", "text": "In the late 19th century, northerners began to travel to Florida in the winter. Some saw development opportunities. In 1881, the wealthy industrialist Hamilton Disston of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania came to the Caloosahatchee Valley. He planned to dredge and drain the Everglades for development, as he did not understand the value of this unique area. Diston connected Lake Okeechobee with the Caloosahatchee River; this allowed steamboats to run from the Gulf of Mexico to Lake Okeechobee and up the Kissimmee River.[10]"}
{"id": "doc94371", "text": "On May 10, 1904, access to the Fort Myers area was greatly improved with the opening of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, connecting Punta Gorda to Fort Myers. This route provided Lee County both passenger and freight railroad service.[19]"}
{"id": "doc95291", "text": "Principal photography began on October 6, 1975 in Lake Powell.[9][8] A rift between Eastwood and Kaufman developed during the filming. Kaufman insisted on filming with a meticulous attention to detail, which caused disagreements with Eastwood, not to mention the attraction the two shared towards Locke and apparent jealousy on Kaufman's part in regards to their emerging relationship.[10] One evening, Kaufman insisted on finding a beer can as a prop to be used in a scene, but while he was absent, Eastwood ordered Surtees to quickly shoot the scene as light was fading and then drove away, leaving before Kaufman had returned.[11] Soon after, filming moved to Kanab, Utah. On October 24, 1975, Kaufman was fired at Eastwood's command by producer Bob Daley.[12] The sacking caused an outrage amongst the Directors Guild of America and other important Hollywood executives, since the director had already worked hard on the film, including completing all of the pre-production.[12] Pressure mounted on Warner Bros. and Eastwood to back down, but their refusal to do so resulted in a fine, reported to be around $60,000 for the violation.[12] This resulted in the Director's Guild passing new legislation, known as 'the Eastwood Rule', which prohibits an actor or producer from firing the director and then becoming the director himself.[12] From then on, the film was directed by Eastwood himself with Daley second-in-command, but with Kaufman's planning already in place, the team were able to finish making the film efficiently."}
{"id": "doc95310", "text": "The film, set in the American state of Wisconsin, was filmed with a US$12 million budget on location in Alton, Elora, King Township, Toronto, Uxbridge, and Whitevale, all located in the Canadian province of Ontario.[3][4] Film credits include Rosalie MacKintosh as \"Bianca wrangler\" and Karly Bowen as \"assistant Bianca wrangler.\"[5][6]"}
{"id": "doc96723", "text": "Upon the election of a new President, incoming White House staff prepare profiles of possible candidates for the Supreme Court, considering not only judges but also politicians and other individuals whom they consider appropriate for the role. Besides considering national figures whose views are well-known, they consider others who are less recognized. They go through published rulings, articles, speeches, and other background material to get an idea of candidates' values and views on constitutional issues. Age, health, race, gender, and likelihood of confirmation are also factored into considerations. Once a Supreme Court vacancy opens, the President discusses the candidates with advisors. Senators also call the President with suggestions. After a first choice is decided, the candidate is contacted and called on by the President to serve on the highest court. Staffers send a vetting form for the candidate to fill out. They visit the candidate to go over tax records and payments to domestic help. Candidates whom the President has never met are interviewed by White House officials before being sent to the White House to be interviewed in person by the President. After making a final decision, the President calls the candidate, who is told to prepare a statement for an appearance in front of the national press for the President's formal announcement."}
{"id": "doc97152", "text": "P\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n5, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n6, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n22, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n28, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n39, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n45, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n52, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n66, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n75, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n80, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n90, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n95, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n106"}
{"id": "doc97154", "text": "P\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n29, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n38, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n45, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n48, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n53, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n74, \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n91"}
{"id": "doc97182", "text": "P\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n81,[24] \n\n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n72"}
{"id": "doc97184", "text": "P\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\mathfrak {P}}}\n\n72"}
{"id": "doc97366", "text": "* Not heard in the film"}
{"id": "doc97421", "text": "Sunflowers (original title, in French: Tournesols) is the name of two series of still life paintings by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh. The first series, executed in Paris in 1887, depicts the flowers lying on the ground, while the second set, executed a year later in Arles, shows a bouquet of sunflowers in a vase. In the artist's mind both sets were linked by the name of his friend Paul Gauguin, who acquired two of the Paris versions. About eight months later van Gogh hoped to welcome and to impress Gauguin again with Sunflowers, now part of the painted D\u00e9coration for the Yellow House that he prepared for the guestroom of his home in Arles, where Gauguin was supposed to stay. After Gauguin's departure, van Gogh imagined the two major versions as wings of the Berceuse Triptych, and finally he included them in his Les XX in Bruxelles exhibit."}
{"id": "doc97430", "text": "Sunflowers (F456), third version: blue green background\nOil on canvas, 91 \u00d7 72\u00a0cm\nNeue Pinakothek, Munich, Germany"}
{"id": "doc97437", "text": "A definite hint for the arrangement of the triptych is supplied by Van Gogh's sketch in a letter of July 1889.[15]"}
{"id": "doc97442", "text": "On March 30, 1987, even those without interest in art were made aware of van Gogh's Sunflowers series when Japanese insurance magnate Yasuo Goto paid the equivalent of US $39,921,750 for van Gogh's Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers at auction at Christie's London, at the time a record-setting amount for a work of art.[18] The price was over four times the previous record of about $12\u00a0million paid for Andrea Mantegna's Adoration of the Magi in 1985. The record was broken a few months later with the purchase of another Van Gogh, Irises, by Alan Bond for $53.9\u00a0million at Sotheby's, New York on November 11, 1987."}
{"id": "doc97445", "text": "Two of van Gogh's Sunflowers paintings never left the artist's estate: the study for one of the Paris versions (F377) and the repetition of fourth version (F458). Both are in the possession of the Vincent van Gogh Foundation, established 1962 by Vincent Willem van Gogh, the artist's nephew, and on permanent loan to the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam."}
{"id": "doc98742", "text": "The last stage of a bill involves the granting of the Royal Assent. Theoretically, the Sovereign may either grant the Royal Assent (that is, make the bill a law) or withhold it (that is, veto the bill). In modern times the Sovereign always grants the Royal Assent, using the Norman French words \"La Reyne le veult\" (the Queen wishes it; \"Le Roy\" instead in the case of a king). The last refusal to grant the Assent was in 1708, when Queen Anne withheld her Assent from a bill \"for the settling of Militia in Scotland\", in the words \"La reyne s'avisera\" (the Queen will think it over)."}
{"id": "doc99119", "text": "The upbeat melody comically hummed by Michaeleen Oge Flynn and later played on the accordion is the \"Rakes of Mallow\"."}
{"id": "doc99377", "text": "The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, and succession to the British throne is hereditary. The monarch, or Sovereign, is the Head of State of the United Kingdom and amongst several roles is notably the Commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces."}
{"id": "doc99857", "text": "These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed] The issue is complex, however, as the incorporation ultimately bases on the passage of the 14th Amendment in 1868, at which point the first amendment's application to the state government was recognized.[56] Many of these constitutional debates relate to the competing interpretive theories of originalism versus modern, progressivist theories such as the doctrine of the Living Constitution. Other debates center on the principle of the law of the land in America being defined not just by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause, but also by legal precedence, making an accurate reading of the Constitution subject to the mores and values of a given era, and rendering the concept of historical revisionism irrelevant when discussing the Constitution."}
{"id": "doc101167", "text": "Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, United Kingdom on February 10, 2017, and ended in July of that year. The film is scheduled for release on December 25, 2018,[1] giving it the longest gap between live-action film sequels in history at 54 years.[2]"}
{"id": "doc101260", "text": "The \"States' rights\" debate cut across the issues. Southerners argued that the federal government was strictly limited and could not abridge the rights of states as reserved in the Tenth Amendment, and so had no power to prevent slaves from being carried into new territories. States' rights advocates also cited the fugitive slave clause to demand federal jurisdiction over slaves who escaped into the North. Anti-slavery forces took reversed stances on these issues. The fugitive slave clause in the Constitution was the result of compromises between North and South when the Constitution was written. It was later strengthened by the fugitive slave law that was part of the Compromises of 1850. The Southern politician and states' rights advocate John C. Calhoun regarded the territories as the \"common property\" of sovereign states, and said that Congress was acting merely as the \"joint agents\" of the states.[18]"}
{"id": "doc101332", "text": "In 1997\u201398, UEFA allowed the runners-up of top European leagues to compete in the Champions League. UEFA's rationale was that the quality of its premier tournament increased by including more top teams from big leagues rather than minnows. An old face claimed the crown in 1998: Real Madrid. The Spanish club won their first European Cup since 1966 and seventh overall when they beat Juventus 1\u20130 in the Italian club's third straight final (and second straight defeat)."}
{"id": "doc101560", "text": "The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was passed by the U.S. Senate on April 8, 1864, and, after one unsuccessful vote and extensive legislative maneuvering by the Lincoln administration, the House followed suit on January 31, 1865. The measure was swiftly ratified by all but three Union states (the exceptions were Delaware, New Jersey, and Kentucky), and by a sufficient number of border and \"reconstructed\" Southern states, to be ratified by December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed it to have been incorporated into the federal Constitution. It became part of the Constitution 61 years after the Twelfth Amendment. This is the longest interval between constitutional amendments to date.[6]"}
{"id": "doc101561", "text": "Slavery had been tacitly enshrined in the original Constitution through provisions such as Article I, Section 2, Clause 3, commonly known as the Three-Fifths Compromise, which detailed how each state's total slave population would be factored into its total population count for the purposes of apportioning seats in the United States House of Representatives and direct taxes among the states. Although many slaves had been declared free by Lincoln's 1863 Emancipation Proclamation, their legal status after the Civil War was uncertain."}
{"id": "doc101767", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH, ComM (Portuguese pronunciation:\u00a0[k\u027ei\u0283'tj\u0250nu \u0281u\u02c8na\u026bdu]; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time,[note 1] Ronaldo has four FIFA Ballon d'Or awards,[note 2] the most for a European player, and is the first player in history to win four European Golden Shoes. He has won 24 trophies in his career, including five league titles, four UEFA Champions League titles and one UEFA European Championship. A prolific goalscorer, Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in the top five European leagues (372), the UEFA Champions League (110) and the UEFA European Championship (29), as well as the most goals scored in a UEFA Champions League season (17). He has scored more than 600 senior career goals for club and country."}
{"id": "doc101803", "text": "Ronaldo missed Real Madrid's first three matches of the 2016-17 season, including the 2016 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla, as he continued to rehabilitate the knee injury he suffered against France in the final of Euro 2016.[293] On 6 November 2016, Ronaldo signed a new contract which will keep him until 2021 with Madrid.[294] On 19 November, he scored a hat-trick in a 3\u20130 away win against Atl\u00e9tico Madrid, making him the all-time top-scorer in the Madrid derby with 18 goals.[295][296] On 15 December 2016, Ronaldo scored his 500th club career goal in the 2\u20130 victory over Club Am\u00e9rica in the semi-finals of the FIFA Club World Cup.[297] He then scored a hat-trick in the 4\u20132 win over Japanese club Kashima Antlers in the final.[298] Ronaldo finished the tournament as top scorer with four goals and was also named the best player of the tournament.[299] He won the Ballon d'Or for a fourth time and the inaugural Best FIFA Men's Player, a revival of the old-style FIFA World Player of the Year, largely owing to his success with Portugal in winning Euro 2016.[300][301]"}
{"id": "doc102077", "text": "Kubo and the Two Strings is a 2016 American 3D stop-motion fantasy film directed and produced by Travis Knight (in his directorial debut) and written by Marc Haimes and Chris Butler. It stars the voices of Charlize Theron, Art Parkinson, Ralph Fiennes, Rooney Mara, George Takei, and Matthew McConaughey. It is Laika's fourth feature film produced. The film revolves around Kubo, who wields a magical shamisen and whose left eye was stolen in infancy. Accompanied by an anthropomorphic snow monkey and beetle, he must subdue his mother's corrupted Sisters and his power-hungry grandfather Raiden (The Moon King), who stole his left eye."}
{"id": "doc102089", "text": "The film screened at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 13, 2016,[8] and was theatrically released in the United States on August 19, 2016.[9]"}
{"id": "doc102096", "text": "At the 89th Academy Awards, Kubo and the Two Strings was nominated for two awards, Best Animated Feature and Best Visual Effects.[21][22]"}
{"id": "doc102097", "text": "Kubo and the Two Strings was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and digital media on November 22, 2016.[23]"}
{"id": "doc102315", "text": "The song was not in any older books of Scottish songs, though it is in most miscellanies like The Fireside Book of Folk Songs. It is often sung as a lullaby, in a slow rocking 6/8 time."}
{"id": "doc103645", "text": "Call Me by Your Name was picked up for distribution by Sony Pictures Classics before its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22. It was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on October 27, 2017 and in the United States on November 24. The film received widespread critical acclaim and several accolades, with particular praise to its performances, screenplay, direction, and music. At the 90th Academy Awards, it was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Chalamet), Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Original Song (\"Mystery of Love\")[5]. At the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards, Ivory won Best Adapted Screenplay. Chalamet was also nominated for a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor."}
{"id": "doc104082", "text": "In a flashback set in Hong Kong, Oliver learns how to torture suspects effectively to obtain information. In the present, Oliver and Roy Harper locate the home of Digger Harkness, the boomerang-wielding murderer, where they find A.R.G.U.S. operatives looking for him as well. Caitlin Snow and Cisco Ramon arrive in Starling City to help Felicity Smoak investigate Sara Lance's death. Digger attempts to kill Lyla Michaels, Roy, and Oliver, but Barry arrives and stops him. Later, Lyla reveals Digger was part of the Suicide Squad. When Oliver uses extreme interrogation methods against a Russian mob member in order to locate Digger, Barry questions how emotionally stable Oliver is. Digger locates Oliver's hideout and wounds Lyla before escaping. In order to leave town, Digger plants five bombs around the city. While Oliver captures Digger, Barry uses both of their teams to defuse the bombs simultaneously. Digger is incarcerated on the island with Slade Wilson. Before Barry and his team's departure, he and Oliver decide to have a friendly duel."}
{"id": "doc105506", "text": "On March 11, 1861, the Confederate Constitution of seven state signatories \u2013 South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas \u2013 replaced the February 7 Provisional Confederate States Constitution with one stating in its preamble a desire for a \"permanent federal government\". Four additional slave-holding states \u2013 Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina \u2013 declared their secession and joined the Confederacy following a call by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln for troops from each state to recapture Sumter and other seized federal properties in the South. Missouri and Kentucky were represented by partisan factions from those states, while the legitimate governments of those two states retained formal adherence to the Union. Also fighting for the Confederacy were two of the \"Five Civilized Tribes\" \u2013 the Choctaw and the Chickasaw \u2013 located in Indian Territory and a new, but uncontrolled, Confederate Territory of Arizona. Efforts by certain factions in Maryland to secede were halted by federal imposition of martial law; Delaware, though of divided loyalty, did not attempt it. A Unionist government in western parts of Virginia organized the new state of West Virginia, which was admitted to the Union during the war on June 20, 1863.[7]"}
{"id": "doc105739", "text": "Help! is the fifth studio album by English rock band the Beatles, the soundtrack from their film Help!, and released on 6 August 1965. Produced by George Martin, it was the fifth UK album release by the band, and contains fourteen songs in its original British form. Seven of these, including the singles \"Help!\" and \"Ticket to Ride\", appeared in the film and took up the first side of the vinyl album. The second side contained seven other releases including the most-covered song ever written, \"Yesterday\".[4]"}
{"id": "doc105745", "text": "The record contained two cover versions and a few tracks more closely related to the group's previous pop output, but still marked a decisive step forward. The record sleeve-note shows that Lennon and McCartney made more extensive and prominent use of keyboards, previously played unobtrusively by Martin. Four-track overdubbing technology encouraged this. Lennon, for his part, made much greater use of acoustic guitar, forsaking his famous Rickenbacker."}
{"id": "doc105751", "text": "The album cover shows the Beatles with their arms positioned to spell out a word in flag semaphore. According to cover photographer Robert Freeman, \"I had the idea of semaphore spelling out the letters 'HELP'. But when we came to do the shot, the arrangement of the arms with those letters didn't look good. So we decided to improvise and ended up with the best graphic positioning of the arms.\"[16]"}
{"id": "doc105752", "text": "On the UK Parlophone release, the letters formed by the Beatles appear to be \"NUJV\", whilst the slightly re-arranged US release on Capitol Records appeared to indicate the letters \"NVUJ\", with McCartney's left hand pointing to the Capitol logo.[17] The Capitol LP was issued in a \"deluxe\" gatefold sleeve with several photos from the film and was priced $1 more than standard Capitol releases at the time."}
{"id": "doc105756", "text": "The 1965 stereo mix was reissued again on the Help! CD contained in the Beatles collection The Japan Box released in 2014."}
{"id": "doc105758", "text": "Mark Kemp of Paste considers it to be the equal of A Hard Day's Night and cites \"Help!\", \"Ticket to Ride\" and \"Act Naturally\" as highlights, along with Harrison's return as a songwriter. Kemp identifies \"Yesterday\" as \"the album's masterpiece\" and a song that \"set the stage for one of the most groundbreaking and innovative periods in The Beatles' career, not to mention pop music in general\".[28] Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph says that the album evokes \"a band in transition, shifting slightly uncomfortably from the pop thrills of Beatlemania to something more mature\", with Lennon's writing increasingly autobiographical and the group's sound growing more sophisticated. McCormick concludes: \"Help! may not be their greatest album, but it contains some of their greatest early songs.\"[25]"}
{"id": "doc105759", "text": "In 2012, Help! was voted 331st on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\".[5]"}
{"id": "doc105763", "text": "The American version of Help! reached the number one spot on the Billboard album charts for nine weeks starting on 11 September 1965."}
{"id": "doc105764", "text": "All tracks written by Lennon\u2013McCartney, except where noted."}
{"id": "doc106047", "text": "The Hittites (/\u02c8h\u026ata\u026ats/) were an Ancient Anatolian people who established an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BC. This empire reached its height during the mid-14th century BC under Suppiluliuma I, when it encompassed an area that included most of Anatolia as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. Between the 15th and 13th centuries BC the Hittite Empire came into conflict with the Egyptian Empire, Middle Assyrian Empire and the empire of the Mitanni for control of the Near East. The Assyrians eventually emerged as the dominant power and annexed much of the Hittite empire, while the remainder was sacked by Phrygian newcomers to the region. After c. 1180 BC, during the Bronze Age collapse, the Hittites splintered into several independent \"Neo-Hittite\" city-states, some of which survived until the 8th century BC before succumbing to the Neo-Assyrian Empire."}
{"id": "doc106332", "text": "Belle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film Beauty and the Beast (1991). Originally voiced by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara, Belle is the non-conforming daughter of an inventor who yearns to abandon her predictable village life in return for adventure. When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a cold-hearted beast, Belle offers him her own freedom in exchange for her father's, and eventually learns to love the Beast despite his unsightly outward appearance."}
{"id": "doc106333", "text": "Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg commissioned Beauty and the Beast as an animated musical with a strong heroine and hired first-time screenwriter Linda Woolverton to write it. Basing her on the heroine of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\", Woolverton adapted Belle into a stronger and less passive character for the film. Inspired by the women's rights movement, Woolverton wanted Belle to be a unique Disney heroine different from The Little Mermaid's popular Ariel, and thus deliberately conceived the character as a feminist in an effort to avoid the criticism Disney had long been receiving due to the studio's reputation of depicting its female characters as victims."}
{"id": "doc106335", "text": "Belle has garnered widespread acclaim from film critics who appreciated the character's bravery, intelligence and independence. Reception towards her feminism, however, has been more mixed, with commentators accusing the character's actions of being romance-oriented. The fifth Disney Princess, Belle is often ranked among the franchise's best. Highly regarded as one of Disney's strongest examples of a feminist character, critics agree that Belle helped spearhead a generation of independent film heroines while changing the reputation of a Disney princess. Also one of Disney's most iconic characters, Belle was the only animated heroine nominated for the American Film Institute's greatest heroes in film ranking. The character also appears in the film's several sequels and spin-offs, as well as her own live-action television series. American actress Susan Egan originated the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. Emma Watson plays a live-action version of the character in a 2017 live action adaptation of the original 1991 film."}
{"id": "doc106338", "text": "Animator Mark Henn observed that, unlike Ariel, Belle does not \"fall in love at first sight\"; instead \"there's an actual relationship you see grow\".[20] In the original fairy tale, Belle has two selfish sisters who both have their own respective love interests, all of whom Woolverton omitted from the screenplay in favor of focusing solely on Belle's relationship with Gaston.[21] At one point, Belle had a younger sister named Clarice and a cruel aunt named Marguerite,[22] both of whom were discarded[23] \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Clarice to emphasize Belle's loneliness,[24] and Marguerite to be replaced by Gaston as the film's villain.[22] Woolverton also eliminated the subplot of Belle asking her father for a rose.[9] Despite constant \"regressive\" re-writes,[15] Woolverton's overall vision for Belle generally remained intact.[9] Beauty and the Beast's story department was predominantly male, a time during which few women were involved.[25] Woolverton often found herself at odds and disagreeing with the more traditional story artists in regards to Belle's role in the film,[26][27] but continued to be supported by Katzenberg and lyricist Howard Ashman.[27]"}
{"id": "doc106352", "text": "In Belle's Tales of Friendship (1999), a spin-off of the film series, Belle owns a bookstore in which she teaches valuable lessons to children by reading and retelling well-known stories and fairy tales, narrating four classic Disney animated shorts: The Three Little Pigs (1933), Peter and the Wolf (1946), The Wise Little Hen (1934) and Morris the Midget Moose (1950). For the first time, Belle appears as both animated and live-action versions of herself, voiced and portrayed by actresses Paige O'Hara and Lyndsey McLeod, respectively. In the television series Sing Me a Story with Belle (1995\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1999), Belle, in a role reprised by McLeod, owns her own music and bookshop, where she is visited by children to whom she tells and sings stories.[99]"}
{"id": "doc106353", "text": "Belle appeared in the animated television series Disney's House of Mouse and its direct-to-video films Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse and Mickey's House of Villains.[52] In the television series, Belle is voiced by American actress and singer Jodi Benson, while O'Hara reprises her role in the film.[52][100][101]"}
{"id": "doc106355", "text": "In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be portraying Belle in a live-action version of the film,[107] which was released in 2017.[108] Beauty and the Beast was the first of the Disney remakes in which an A-list actress portrays a Disney princess. As a feminist and model, Watson suggested several changes to the character in the live-action film. For costume design Watson rejected the traditional \"big princess dress\" and corset for the golden gown as that would have reduced her mobility, with the gown seen as crucial for marketing the film, while for the village scenes she requested boots instead of ballet slippers to give the character more ruggednes. Nonetheless Belle's attire in the live-action remake largely stays true to its animated predecessor.[109][110]"}
{"id": "doc106357", "text": "Belle appeared in the Broadway musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast. The role was originated by actress Susan Egan,[117] who was initially reluctant to audition for Beauty and the Beast because she \"thought it was a terrible idea for Disney to put a cartoon on Broadway.\"[118] However, her agent managed to convince her otherwise,[118] and Egan ultimately turned down callbacks for roles in the musicals My Fair Lady, Carousel and Grease in favor of starring as Belle in Beauty and the Beast because she had always wanted to originate a Broadway role.[119] Egan had never watched Beauty and the Beast prior to her audition,[119] relying solely on \"her own creative instincts\" instead.[118] Egan's performance earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical at the 48th Tony Awards.[120] A total of seventeen actresses have portrayed Belle in the Broadway musical, among them recording artists Debbie Gibson and Toni Braxton, The Sopranos' Jamie-Lynn Sigler, and Disney Channel alumnae Christy Carlson Romano and Anneliese van der Pol,[121] the latter of whom became Broadway's final Belle when the show ended its thirteen-year-long run in 2007.[122] Actress Sarah Litzsinger remains Broadway's longest-running Belle.[123]"}
{"id": "doc106362", "text": "Belle and the other characters from the first movie appear in the stage show, Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Walt Disney World. Belle appears in a meet-and-greet attraction at Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland called Enchanted Tales with Belle. In season 18 of Dancing With the Stars, Danica McKellar played Belle while performing a Quickstep on a Disney themed episode. Ginger Zee and Edyta \u015aliwi\u0144ska also both portrayed Belle while performing a Foxtrot and Waltz respectively during the Disney night episode of the 22nd season of Dancing with the Stars. Emma Slater then played Belle while dancing a Foxtrot during the Disney theme night of the show's 24th season."}
{"id": "doc106367", "text": "[T]he movie ... present[ed] audiences with a willful female protagonist that was firmly in control of her romantic destiny and regularly placed reading books above chasing after boys. And it's true that in that respect at least, Belle stood in stark contrast to past Disney heroines ... Still, the filmmakers didn't do the character any favors by swapping out that boy crazy trait for a pronounced maternalistic streak that comes across as a little creepy. Besides being utterly devoted to her father, Belle's relationship with the Beast possesses a distinctly mother/toddler dynamic ... Their romance also lacks spark because \u00e2\u20ac\u201c due to the fundamental set-up of the narrative ... it's always clear that he needs her far more than she needs him. Particularly when compared to some of the dynamic animated heroines that came after her ... today Belle can't help but seem ... bland."}
{"id": "doc106372", "text": "Belle helped establish Woolverton as a \"legendary screenwriter\";[18] the writer continues to be commended for her dedication to creating strong female characters; ever since Belle, the majority of Woolverton's female characters have been headstrong, independent women, namely Nala in The Lion King (1994), Mulan in Mulan (1998), Alice in Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Maleficent in Maleficent (2014).[14] Susan Wloszczyna of Indiewire wrote that \"Woolverton set a new standard for fully fleshed-out fairy-tale heroines ... with Belle\",[25] in turn paving the way for The Hunger Games' Katniss Everdeen, and Frozen's Anna and Elsa (2013).[14] Woolverton remains protective of Belle,[15] explaining, \"[she] was my first-born child, so there\u2019s a little bit of possessiveness, which really I had to let it go\".[27][219] Beauty and the Beast, Belle performs the film's opening number, \"Belle\", which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992.[220] In 1998, O'Hara was nominated for an Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production for reprising her role as Belle in the second of Beauty and the Beast's three direct-to-video sequels, Belle's Magical World.[221] To commemorate her work on Beauty and the Beast and various contributions to Disney, O'Hara was honored with a Disney Legends award on August 19, 2011.[222] Disney hired Spanish actress Pen\u00e9lope Cruz to pose as Belle in photographer Annie Leibovitz's Disney Dream Portrait Series,[223] while actor Jeff Bridges posed as the Beast.[224] The Daily Mail described the image as Cruz \"wearing Belle's gorgeous yellow gown and being lifted high into the air by her prince,\"[225] accompanied by the phrase \"Where a moment of beauty lasts forever.\"[226]"}
{"id": "doc106944", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Film Festival June 14\u00e2\u20ac\u201c22, 2017.[10] It was originally scheduled to be released on Netflix on June 16,[6] but it was released on June 23, 2017.[5]"}
{"id": "doc107166", "text": "During the final stage of the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, Tenochtitlan was besieged and essentially razed. Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s understood the strategic and symbolic importance of the Aztec capital and founded the Spanish capital of Mexico City on the site, and in particular rebuilt the Aztec ceremonial and political center as the main square, the Plaza Mayor, usually called the Z\u00f3calo. Some of the oldest structures in Mexico City date from the early conquest era. Many colonial-era buildings remain standing and have been re-purposed government buildings and museums. As the seats of the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Archbishopric of New Spain, Mexico City was the center of political and religious institutions, but it was also the center of Mexico's economic activity and the residence of social elites in colonial Mexico (1521\u20131821). It was where the great merchant houses were located and the economic elites of the country lived, even if their sources of wealth were elsewhere. The concentration of mansions and palaces in what is now the Mexico City historic center led it to be nicknamed, the \"City of Palaces\",[2][3] a sobriquet often attributed to great savant Alexander von Humboldt, perhaps in error. It was also a major educational center, with the University of Mexico founded in 1553 as part of the complex of the Plaza Mayor. The crown-approved attempt to train Nahua men to become Christian priests saw the establishment in 1536 of the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco in one of the two sections of the capital governed by a Nahua city council (cabildo). Many religious institutions for the education of the sons of Spanish elites were also based in the capital. Mexico City had the colony's largest concentration of those of Spanish heritage (both Iberian-born peninsulares and American-born criollos), as well as the largest concentration of mixed race casta population in the colony. Many Indians also lived outside the center of the capital."}
{"id": "doc107206", "text": "Church of Santo Domingo, Mexico City"}
{"id": "doc107246", "text": "In 1910, Mexico celebrated the 1810 Hidalgo revolt that initiated the independence movement in Mexico. D\u00edaz had been in power since 1876 and saw the occasion of the centenary as an opportunity for the creation of new buildings and monuments and to invite world dignitaries to show off Mexico's progress. For buildings, much advance planning and other work was needed to have them completed in time for September 1910. During that month in Mexico City, there were \"inaugurations of a new modern mental hospital, a popular hygiene exhibition, an exhibition of Spanish art and industry, exhibitions of Japanese products and avant-garde Mexican art, a monument to Alexander von Humboldt at the National Library, a seismological station, a new theater in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria, primary schools, new buildings for ministries, and new large schools for teachers.\"[103] On the actual anniversary of Hidalgo's grito, September 16, D\u00edaz inaugurated the monument to Independence, \"the Angel\"."}
{"id": "doc107878", "text": "Chris Masterson would take a diminished role starting with Season 6 of the show in favor of getting behind the camera, directing and writing some episodes in Seasons 6 and 7."}
{"id": "doc108100", "text": "With Disney's backing, a three-day reading of the entire updated screenplay took place in New York in October 2012 under Marshall's direction, with Nina Arianda as the Baker's Wife, Victoria Clark as Cinderella's Mother/Granny/Giant, James Corden as the Baker, Donna Murphy as the Witch, Christine Baranski as Cinderella's Stepmother, Tammy Blanchard as Florinda, Ivan Hernandez as the Wolf, Megan Hilty as Lucinda, Cheyenne Jackson as Rapunzel's Prince, Allison Janney as Jack's Mother, Anna Kendrick as Cinderella, Michael McGrath as Steward/Mysterious Man, Laura Osnes as Rapunzel, Taylor Trensch as Jack, Casey Whyland as Little Red Riding Hood, and Patrick Wilson as Cinderella's Prince.[40] It was this reading which ultimately convinced Walt Disney Studios president Sean Bailey to green-light the film despite ongoing concerns about the dark nature of the original musical (which Disney executives had begun to understand since Marshall's original pitch).[34] However, Disney (which self-finances all its films)[41] provided only a relatively small production budget of $50 million (relative to other feature-length fantasy films on its development slate), in turn forcing both cast and crew to accept pay cuts to work on the film.[34]"}
{"id": "doc108246", "text": "In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs. Upon closure at birth, it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. There are two other fetal shunts, the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale."}
{"id": "doc108435", "text": "The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament (known informally as March Madness) is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen.[1] Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States."}
{"id": "doc108456", "text": "The winners of each region advance to the Final Four, where the national semifinals are played on Saturday and the national championship is played on Monday. As is noted above, which regional champion will play which, and in which semifinal they play, is determined by the overall rankings of the four No. 1 seeds in the original bracket, not on the ranks of the eventual Final Four teams themselves."}
{"id": "doc108477", "text": "In September 2012, the NCAA began preliminary discussions on the possibility of returning occasional Final Fours to basketball-specific arenas in major metropolitan areas. According to ESPN.com writer Andy Katz, when Mark Lewis was hired as NCAA executive vice president for championships during 2012, \"he took out a United States map and saw that both coasts are largely left off from hosting the Final Four.\"[11] Lewis added in an interview with Katz,"}
{"id": "doc108480", "text": "Two domed stadiums that have hosted past Final Fours\u2014the Alamodome (1998, 2004, 2008, 2018) and Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida (1999)\u2014were considered too small to be eligible to host, despite the Alamodome being a college football stadium and having a permanent seating capacity of 65,000. The basketball setup at the Alamodome prior to 2018 used only half of the stadium and had a capacity of 39,500. This was changed for the 2018 Final Four to place a raised court at the center of the stadium as has been done with other football facilities.[11]"}
{"id": "doc108481", "text": "The first instance of a domed stadium being used for a NCAA Tournament Final Four was the Houston Astrodome in 1971, but the Final Four would not return to a dome until 1982, when the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans hosted the event for the first time."}
{"id": "doc108491", "text": "On several occasions NCAA tournament teams played their games in their home arena. In 1959, Louisville played at its regular home of Freedom Hall; however, the Cardinals lost to West Virginia in the semifinals. In 1984, Kentucky defeated Illinois, 54-51 in the Elite Eight on its home court of Rupp Arena. In 1985, Dayton played its first-round game against Villanova (it lost 51-49) on its home floor. In 1986 (beating Brown before losing to Navy) and '87 (beating Georgia Southern and Western Kentucky), Syracuse played the first 2 rounds of the NCAA tournament in the Carrier Dome. Also in 1986, LSU played in Baton Rouge on its home floor for the first 2 rounds despite being an 11th seed (beating Purdue and Memphis State). In 1987, Arizona lost to UTEP on its home floor in the first round. In 2015, Dayton played at its regular home of UD Arena, and the Flyers beat Boise State in the First Four."}
{"id": "doc108501", "text": "The champions also receive a commemorative gold championship ring, and the other three Final Four teams receive Final Four rings."}
{"id": "doc108508", "text": "The current contract runs through 2024 and, for the first time in history, provides for the nationwide broadcast each year of all games of the tournament. All First Four games air on truTV. A featured first- or second-round game in each time \"window\" is broadcast on CBS, while all other games are shown either on TBS, TNT or truTV. The regional semifinals, better known as the Sweet Sixteen, are split between CBS and TBS. CBS had the exclusive rights to the regional finals, also known as the Elite Eight, through 2014. That exclusivity extended to the entire Final Four as well, but after the 2013 tournament Turner Sports elected to exercise a contractual option for 2014 and 2015 giving TBS broadcast rights to the national semifinal matchups.[33] CBS kept its national championship game rights.[33]"}
{"id": "doc108535", "text": "Since 1985, there have been 4 instances of three No. 1 seeds reaching the Final Four; 13 instances of two No. 1 seeds making it; and 14 instances of just one No. 1 seed reaching the Final Four."}
{"id": "doc108559", "text": "This table lists all the cities that have hosted or will host the Final Four, as well as the venues in which the Final Four was or will be played. For additional information about a particular year's tournament, click on the year to go directly to that year's NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament or go to the main article."}
{"id": "doc108631", "text": "Arteries have a blood pressure higher than other parts of the circulatory system. The pressure in arteries varies during the cardiac cycle. It is highest when the heart contracts and lowest when heart relaxes. The variation in pressure produces a pulse, which can be felt in different areas of the body, such as the radial pulse. Arterioles have the greatest collective influence on both local blood flow and on overall blood pressure. They are the primary \"adjustable nozzles\" in the blood system, across which the greatest pressure drop occurs. The combination of heart output (cardiac output) and systemic vascular resistance, which refers to the collective resistance of all of the body's arterioles, are the principal determinants of arterial blood pressure at any given moment."}
{"id": "doc108632", "text": "Systemic arteries are the arteries (including the peripheral arteries), of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Systemic arteries can be subdivided into two types - muscular and elastic - according to the relative compositions of elastic and muscle tissue in their tunica media as well as their size and the makeup of the internal and external elastic lamina. The larger arteries (>10\u00a0mm diameter) are generally elastic and the smaller ones (0.1\u201310\u00a0mm) tend to be muscular. Systemic arteries deliver blood to the arterioles, and then to the capillaries, where nutrients and gases are exchanged."}
{"id": "doc108788", "text": "Jackson performed \"Thriller\" on all three of his solo world concert tours. From the Dangerous Tour onwards, half the song was always performed by a masked backup dancer as Jackson prepared for his next song as part of a stage illusion. Despite Jackson performing multiple songs from his Thriller album, \"Thriller\" was not included on the Jacksons set list during their Victory Tour in 1984, as Michael Jackson was not satisfied with the way the song sounded live."}
{"id": "doc108789", "text": "Jackson performed \"Thriller\" during his first world tour as a solo artist, the Bad world tour, lasting sixteen months, from 1987 to 1989, for a total of 123 shows.[51] During the Bad tour, in both legs, the jacket had flashing lights in the middle of the song and at the end. An impersonator was only used for the introduction of the song; a masked dancer emerges from the costume tent at the side of the stage, and goes back in hiding while Jackson himself, also masked at first, swings down from a rope on the other side of the stage before taking off his mask."}
{"id": "doc108794", "text": "Michael Jackson's Thriller music video, particularly the songs dance routine in the video, have been referenced in television series and films including Donga (1985), Coming to America (1988), The Malibu Beach Vampires (1991), South Park (1997), Dead & Breakfast (2004), 13 Going on 30 (2004), Bo! in the USA (2006), Jelly Jamm (2007), and Furby (2011).[73][better\u00a0source\u00a0needed]"}
{"id": "doc108799", "text": "Pop singer Britney Spears made a reference to \"Thriller\" in her music video for \"I Wanna Go\" (2011). In the ending of her video actor Guillermo D\u00edaz leads Spears out of the room. He then turns to the camera with glowing red eyes and his laugh is heard, similar to Vincent Price.[77]"}
{"id": "doc108887", "text": "The First Transcontinental Railroad (also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad, known originally as the \"Pacific Railroad\" and later as the \"Overland Route\") was a 1,912-mile (3,077\u00a0km) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.[1] The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants.[2] Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds.[3][4][5][N 1] The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132\u00a0mi (212\u00a0km) of track from Oakland/Alameda to Sacramento, California. The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California (CPRR) constructed 690\u00a0mi (1,110\u00a0km) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit, Utah Territory (U.T.). The Union Pacific built 1,085\u00a0mi (1,746\u00a0km) from the road's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha, Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit.[7][8][9]"}
{"id": "doc108892", "text": "Building a railroad line that connected the United States coast-to-coast was advocated in 1832 when Dr. Hartwell Carver published an article in the New York Courier & Enquirer advocating building a transcontinental railroad from Lake Michigan to Oregon. In 1847 he submitted to the U.S. Congress a \"Proposal for a Charter to Build a Railroad from Lake Michigan to the Pacific Ocean\", seeking a congressional charter to support his idea.[20][21]"}
{"id": "doc108893", "text": "Congress agreed to support the idea. Under the direction of the Department of War, the Pacific Railroad Surveys were conducted from 1853 through 1855. These included an extensive series of expeditions of the American West seeking possible routes. A report on the explorations described alternative routes and included an immense amount of information about the American West, covering at least 400,000\u00a0sq\u00a0mi (1,000,000\u00a0km2). It included the region's natural history and illustrations of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.[22]"}
{"id": "doc108902", "text": "The next big champion of the central route was Theodore Judah, who undertook to survey a manageable route through what was one of the chief obstacles of a central route to California, the high and rugged Sierra Nevada."}
{"id": "doc108903", "text": "In 1852, Judah was chief engineer for the newly formed Sacramento Valley Railroad, the first railroad built west of the Mississippi River. Although the railroad later went bankrupt once the easy placer gold deposits around Placerville, California were depleted, Judah was convinced that a properly financed railroad could pass from Sacramento through the Sierra Nevada mountains to reach the Great Basin and hook up with rail lines coming from the East.[29]"}
{"id": "doc108931", "text": "With the end of the Civil War and increased government supervision in the offing, Durant hired his former M&M engineer Grenville M. Dodge to build the railroad, and the Union Pacific began a mad dash west.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc108932", "text": "Former Union General John \"Jack\" Casement was hired as the new Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific. He equipped several railroad cars to serve as portable bunkhouses for the workers and gathered men and supplies to push the railroad rapidly west. Among the bunkhouses Casement added a galley car to prepare meals, and he even provided for a herd of cows to be moved with the railhead and bunk cars to provide fresh meat. Hunters were hired to provide buffalo meat from the large herds of American bison.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc108938", "text": "Coal had been discovered in Wyoming and reported on by John C. Fr\u00e9mont in his 1843 expedition across Wyoming, and was already being exploited by Utah residents from towns like Coalville, Utah and later Kemmerer, Wyoming by the time the Transcontinental railroad was built. Union Pacific needed coal to fuel its steam locomotives on the almost treeless plains across Nebraska and Wyoming. Coal shipments by rail were also looked on as a potentially major source of income\u2014this potential is still being realized."}
{"id": "doc108955", "text": "On June 18, 1868, the Central Pacific reached Reno, Nevada, after completing 132 miles (212\u00a0km) of railroad up and over the Sierras from Sacramento, California. By then the railroad had already been prebuilt down the Truckee River on the much flatter land from Reno to Wadsworth, Nevada, where they bridged the Truckee for the last time. From there, they struggled across a forty mile desert to the end of the Humboldt river at the Humboldt Sink. From the end of the Humboldt, they continued east over the Great Basin desert bordering the Humboldt River to Wells, Nevada. One of the most troublesome problems found on this route along the Humboldt was at Palisade Canyon (near Carlin, Nevada), where for 12 miles (19\u00a0km) the line had to be built between the river and basalt cliffs. From Wells, Nevada to Promontory Summit, the Railroad left the Humboldt and proceeded across the Nevada and Utah desert. Water for the steam locomotives was provided by wells, springs, or pipelines to nearby water sources. Water was often pumped into the water tanks with windmills. Train fuel and water spots on the early trains with steam locomotives may have been as often as every 10 miles (16\u00a0km). On one memorable occasion, not far from Promontory, the Central Pacific crews organized an army of workers and five train loads of construction material, and laid 10 miles (16\u00a0km) of track on a prepared rail bed in one day\u2014-a record that still stands today. The Central Pacific and Union Pacific raced to get as much track laid as possible, and the Central Pacific laid about 560 miles (900\u00a0km) of track from Reno to Promontory Summit in the one year before the Last Spike was driven on May 10, 1869."}
{"id": "doc108959", "text": "After the transcontinental railroads were completed, many other railroads were built to connect up to other population centers in Utah, Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, Oregon, Washington territories, etc. In 1869, the Kansas Pacific Railway started building the Hannibal Bridge, a swing bridge across the Missouri River between Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas which connected railroads on both sides of the Missouri while still allowing passage of paddle steamers on the river. After completion, this became another major east-west railroad. To speed completion of the Kansas Pacific Railroad to Denver, construction started east from Denver in March 1870 to meet the railroad coming west from Kansas city. The two crews met at a point called Comanche Crossing, Kansas Territory, on August 15, 1870. Denver was now firmly on track to becoming the largest city and the future capital of Colorado. The Kansas Pacific Railroad linked with the Denver Pacific Railway via Denver to Cheyenne in 1870."}
{"id": "doc109002", "text": "The joining of the Union Pacific line with the Central Pacific line in May 1869 at Promontory Summit, Utah, was one of the major inspirations for French writer Jules Verne's book entitled Around the World in Eighty Days, published in 1873.[108]"}
{"id": "doc113426", "text": "Rights or liabilities created by operation of law can also be created involuntarily, because a contingency occurs for which a party has failed to plan (e.g. failure to write a will); or because a specific condition exists for a set period of time (e.g. adverse possession of property or creation of an easement; failure of a court to rule on a motion within a certain period automatically defeating the motion; failure of a party to act on a filed complaint within a certain time causing dismissal of the case); or because an existing legal relationship is invalidated, but the parties to that relationship still require a mechanism to distribute their rights (e.g. under the Uniform Commercial Code, where a contract for which both parties have performed partially is voided, the court will create a new contract based on the performance that has actually been rendered and containing reasonable terms to accommodate the expectations of the parties)."}
{"id": "doc113504", "text": "The win was marked by Republican celebrations throughout the country.[129] Some of Jefferson's opponents argued that he owed his victory over Adams to the South's inflated number of electors, due to counting slaves as partial population under the Three-Fifths Compromise.[130] Others alleged that Jefferson secured James Asheton Bayard's tie-breaking electoral vote by guaranteeing the retention of various Federalist posts in the government.[128] Jefferson disputed the allegation, and the historical record is inconclusive.[131]"}
{"id": "doc114242", "text": "Anne Marie Johnson, who played Althea, summed up what it was like to film the show in the little town of Hammond. She said, \"My high school was bigger than this town\".[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc114471", "text": "The location of the small, uncharted island in the last shot of the film is Butter Island off North Haven, Maine in the Penobscot Bay.[36]"}
{"id": "doc115437", "text": "The Senate of the Philippines (Filipino: Senado ng Pilipinas, also Mataas na Kapulungan ng Pilipinas or \"upper chamber\") is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress; the House of Representatives is the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large with the country as one district under plurality-at-large voting."}
{"id": "doc115973", "text": "The song is an optimistic love song.[13] Even though love may be blind or may cause separated lovers to suffer, the singer believes that love will prevail.[13] This is in accordance with what \u201cthe man\u201d said.[13] \u201cThe man\u201d is not explicitly identified, but might be God.[13] Author Vincent Benitez believes that, \"McCartney is advising everyone to stick with the basics of life, which for him means focusing on love.\"[13] The song is in the key of G major."}
{"id": "doc116279", "text": "The breed was named Deutscher Sch\u00e4ferhund by von Stephanitz, literally translating to \"German Shepherd Dog\". The breed was so named due to its original purpose of assisting shepherds in herding and protecting sheep. At the time, all other herding dogs in Germany were referred to by this name; they thus became known as Altdeutsche Sch\u00e4ferhunde, or Old German Shepherd Dogs."}
{"id": "doc118438", "text": "Images of Sargon were erected on the shores of the Mediterranean, in token of his victories, and cities and palaces were built at home with the spoils of the conquered lands. Elam and the northern part of Mesopotamia (Assyria/Subartu) were also subjugated, and rebellions in Sumer were put down. Contract tablets have been found dated in the years of the campaigns against Canaan and against Sarlak, king of Gutium. He also boasted of having subjugated the \"four quarters\"\u00a0\u2014 the lands surrounding Akkad to the north (Assyria), the south (Sumer), the east (Elam), and the west (Martu). Some of the earliest historiographic texts (ABC 19, 20) suggest he rebuilt the city of Babylon (Bab-ilu) in its new location near Akkad.[28]"}
{"id": "doc119508", "text": "Monte based the film on his experiences attending the real-life Cooley Vocational High School (which closed in 1979) that served students from the Cabrini\u2013Green public housing project on Chicago's north side. While the film was set in and around Cabrini\u2013Green, it was primarily filmed at another Chicago-area housing project. Monte has said that he wrote the film to dispel myths about growing up in the projects: \"I grew up in the Cabrini\u2013Green housing project and I had one of the best times of my life, the most fun you can have while inhaling and exhaling\".[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc119586", "text": "Sony Pictures Animation is developing a sequel set to be released on February 7, 2020, with Gluck returning to write and direct the film.[39]"}
{"id": "doc119665", "text": "On 19 May 2012 Chelsea defeated Bayern Munich 4\u00e2\u20ac\u201c3 on penalties in the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final. Chelsea had never previously won a shoot-out in the competition, and had lost the 2008 final and 2007 semi-final on penalties. Bayern had never lost a shoot-out in Europe; their wins included the 2001 final against Valencia and the 2012 semi-final against Real Madrid. Didier Drogba dispatched the winning penalty, having been unable to take the fifth kick (missed by Terry) in the 2008 final due to a red card in extra time. The following day, many British newspapers made reference to the fact that an English team had finally beaten a German team on penalties.[52]"}
{"id": "doc119732", "text": "Mexicans celebrate New Year's Eve, (Spanish: Vispera de A\u00c3\u00b1o Nuevo) by eating a grape with each of the twelve chimes of a clock's bell during the midnight countdown, while making a wish with each one. Mexican families decorate homes and parties in colors that represent wishes for the upcoming year: red encourages an overall improvement of lifestyle and love, yellow encourages blessings of improved employment conditions, green for improved financial circumstances, and white for improved health. Mexican sweet bread is baked with a coin or charm hidden in the dough. When the bread is served, the recipient of the slice with the coin or charm is said to be blessed with good luck in the New Year. Another tradition is to make a list of all the bad or unhappy events over the past 12 months; before midnight, this list is thrown into a fire, symbolizing the removal of negative energy from the new year.[22] At the same time, they are expressed for all the good things during the year that is ending so that they will continue in the new year.[23]"}
{"id": "doc119994", "text": "..those three stars of the airy Giant's zone,\nThat glitter burnished by the frosty dark.[9]"}
{"id": "doc122351", "text": "Jeepers Creepers was filmed in Dunnellon, Florida in the summer of 2000.[4]"}
{"id": "doc125349", "text": "Filming began on August 8, 2012, in New York.[35] Jonah Hill announced that his first day of shooting was September 4, 2012.[36] Filming also took place in Closter, New Jersey[37] and Harrison, New York. In January 2013, additional scenes were shot at a set built in an abandoned office building in Ardsley, New York. Scenes at the beach house were filmed in Sands Point, New York.[38]"}
{"id": "doc126007", "text": "In all jurisdictions, individual tattooists may also choose to place additional restrictions based on their own moral feelings, such as refusing any clients under a specific age even with parental consent despite it being legal, or limiting the type and/or location of where they are willing to tattoo (such as refusing any work around intimate parts of the body). They may additionally refuse to perform specific artwork, including if they merely find it inappropriate or offensive, or refuse to work on a client that they suspect may be intoxicated. Artists sometimes claim their personal business restrictions are a matter of law even when it is not true, so as to avoid arguments with clients."}
{"id": "doc126136", "text": "If the valid element indices begin at 0, the constant B is simply the address of the first element of the array. For this reason, the C programming language specifies that array indices always begin at 0; and many programmers will call that element \"zeroth\" rather than \"first\"."}
{"id": "doc126194", "text": "The availability of tens of millions of acres of excellent farmland in the area made it necessary to create a territorial infrastructure to allow settlement. Railroad interests were especially eager to start operations since they needed farmers as customers. Four previous attempts to pass legislation had failed. The solution was a bill proposed in January 1854 by Douglas: the Democratic Party leader in the US Senate, the chairman of the Committee on Territories, an avid promoter of railroads, an aspirant to the presidency, and a fervent believer in popular sovereignty: the policy of letting the voters, almost exclusively white males, of a territory decide whether or not slavery should exist in it.[2]"}
{"id": "doc126196", "text": "Several proposals in late 1852 and early 1853 had strong support, but they failed because of disputes over whether the railroad would follow a northern or a southern route. In early 1853, the House of Representatives passed a bill 107 to 49 to organize the Nebraska Territory in the land west of Iowa and Missouri. In March, the bill moved to the Senate Committee on Territories, which was headed by Douglas. Missouri Senator David Atchison announced that he would support the Nebraska proposal only if slavery was allowed. While the bill was silent on this issue, slavery would have been prohibited, under the Missouri Compromise. Other Southern senators were as inflexible as Atchison. By a vote of 23 to 17, the Senate voted to table the motion, with every senator from the states south of Missouri voting to table.[4]"}
{"id": "doc127031", "text": "In the United States, Cinco de Mayo has taken on a significance beyond that in Mexico.[3][4][5][6] In the U.S. the date has become associated with the celebration of Mexican-American culture. In Mexico, the commemoration of the battle continues to be mostly ceremonial, such as through military parades."}
{"id": "doc127040", "text": "On June 7, 2005, the United States Congress issued a concurrent resolution calling on the President of the United States to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe Cinco de Mayo with appropriate ceremonies and activities.[37] To celebrate, many display Cinco de Mayo banners while school districts hold special events to educate students about its historical significance. Special events and celebrations highlight Mexican culture, especially in its music and regional dancing. Examples include baile folkl\u00f3rico and mariachi demonstrations held annually at the Plaza del Pueblo de Los \u00c1ngeles, near Olvera Street. Commercial interests in the United States have capitalized on the celebration, advertising Mexican products and services, with an emphasis on alcoholic beverages,[38][39] foods, and music.[40][41]"}
{"id": "doc127042", "text": "Today, the commemoration of the battle is not observed as a national holiday in Mexico (i.e. not a statutory holiday).[47] However, all public schools are closed nationwide in Mexico on May 5.[48][49] The day is an official holiday in the State of Puebla, where the Battle took place, and also a full holiday (no work) in the neighboring State of Veracruz.[50][51]"}
{"id": "doc128663", "text": "According to the Christian scriptures, Christians were from the beginning subject to persecution by some Jewish and Roman religious authorities, who disagreed with the apostles' teachings (See Split of early Christianity and Judaism). This involved punishments, including death, for Christians such as Stephen[Acts 7:59] and James, son of Zebedee.[Acts 12:2] Larger-scale persecutions followed at the hands of the authorities of the Roman Empire, first in the year 64, when Emperor Nero blamed them for the Great Fire of Rome. According to Church tradition, it was under Nero's persecution that early Church leaders Peter and Paul of Tarsus were each martyred in Rome."}
{"id": "doc131480", "text": "Seven Riders show their flaming heads for the first time in this story arc by writer Jason Aaron and artist Tan Eng Huat. Daniel Ketch returns with a new mission: to collect the powers of all the Ghost Riders for the angel Zadkiel to prevent the corruption of the powers with their human hosts. Zadkiel has other motives he keeps to himself, of which he needs the powers of the Riders for: to tear down the walls of New Jerusalem and wage war on Heaven. The story begins in Tibet with Chinese soldiers harassing a village, questioning them about weapons that killed two of his garrison patrols. During the harassment a peasant enters on a donkey. After a few exchange of words and an order to kill given by the General, the peasant changes and kills the General's men while his back is turned. When the General turns back he sees the Ghost Rider and gets a Penance Stare for his trouble. After the attack the Rider goes back to his sanctuary where he is visited by Danny Ketch. A short while later Sister Sara and Johnny Blaze arrive at the sanctuary to find out how to get back at Zadkiel. After entering, they find the peasant and donkey burnt to husks.[42]"}
{"id": "doc131786", "text": "Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901, and the Prince of Wales succeeded her as King Edward VII. Prince Albert moved up to third in line to the throne, after his father and elder brother."}
{"id": "doc132943", "text": "While the sphericity of the Earth was widely recognized in Greco-Roman astronomy from at least the 3rd century BC, the Earth's daily rotation and yearly orbit around the Sun was never universally accepted until the Copernican Revolution."}
{"id": "doc132960", "text": "Abu Sa'id al-Sijzi (d. c. 1020) accepted that the Earth rotates around its axis.[30][31]"}
{"id": "doc133019", "text": "June Osborne, renamed Offred (Elisabeth Moss), is the Handmaid assigned to the home of Gileadan Commander Fred Waterford (Joseph Fiennes) and his wife Serena Joy (Yvonne Strahovski). She is subject to the strictest rules and constant scrutiny; an improper word or deed on her part can lead to her execution. Offred, who is named after her male master like all Handmaids, can remember the \"time before\", when she was married with a daughter and had her own name and identity, but all she can safely do now is follow the rules of Gilead in the hope that she can someday live free and be reunited with her daughter. The Waterfords, key players in the rise of Gilead, have their own conflicts with the realities of the society they have helped create."}
{"id": "doc133140", "text": "There are over five thousand local governments in Pakistan. Since 2001, these have been led by democratically elected local councils, each headed by a Nazim (the word means \"supervisor\" in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as Mayor). Some districts, incorporating large metropolitan areas, are called City Districts. A City District may contain subdivisions called Towns and Union Councils. Council elections are held every four years. District Governments also include a District Coordination Officer (DCO), who is a civil servant in-charge of all devolved departments. Currently, the Powers of Nazim are also held by the DCO."}
{"id": "doc133369", "text": "The song reached number 2 on the UK pop singles chart on August 14, 1965 (held out of the top slot by The Beatles' \"Help!\").[12] The following month, it reached number 13 on the U.S. pop singles chart, its highest placement there.[13] In Canada, the song also reached number 2, on September 20, 1965.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc134070", "text": "As of 2012, proposals are currently being developed[66] by community leaders for a light rail system which would connect the regional core cities of Clearwater, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. The proposal, which has won the backing of the Clearwater and St. Petersburg City Councils[67] would rely on a 1% sales tax and would have to go before voters for approval."}
{"id": "doc134196", "text": "As public awareness and the environmental sciences have improved in recent years, environmental issues have broadened to include key concepts such as \"sustainability\" and also new emerging concerns such as ozone depletion, global warming, acid rain, land use and biogenetic pollution."}
{"id": "doc134200", "text": "Conservation first became a national issue during the progressive era's conservation movement (1890s - 1920s). The early national conservation movement shifted emphasis to scientific management which favored larger enterprises and control began to shift from local governments to the states and the federal government.(Judd) Some writers credit sportsmen, hunters and fishermen with the increasing influence of the conservation movement. In the 1870s sportsman magazines such as American Sportsmen, Forest and Stream, and Field and Stream are seen as leading to the growth of the conservation movement.(Reiger) This conservation movement also urged the establishment of state and national parks and forests, wildlife refuges, and national monuments intended to preserve noteworthy natural features. Conservation groups focus primarily on an issue that's origins are routed in general expansion. As Industrialization became more prominent as well as the increasing trend towards Urbanization the conservative environmental movement began. Contrary to popular belief conservation groups are not against expansion in general, instead they are concerned with efficiency with resources and land development.[3]"}
{"id": "doc134224", "text": "When industry groups lobbied to weaken regulation and a backlash against environmental regulations, the so-called wise use movement gained importance and influence. The wise use movement and anti-environmental groups were able to portray environmentalist as out of touch with mainstream values. (Larson)[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc134521", "text": "Joe is surprised to discover that Peyton has arrived with Karen. Understanding Joe's earlier words about how he wants to remain in Peyton's life, Karen decides to let Peyton live with Joe. Near the end of the fourth quarter, Joe passes the ball to the running back, Jamal Webber, who gains positive yardage but fails to get out of bounds. Joe hurries his team to the line with the clock running, and rushes ahead before being knocked out of bounds. With time for one last play, Joe throws a lob pass to Sanders, who catches the pass, allowing the Rebels to win their first championship. In a post-game interview, Joe declines the Fanny's Burgers offer to be with Peyton."}
{"id": "doc135521", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2017. It began a limited theatrical release on June 23, 2017, by Amazon Studios and Lionsgate, before going wide on July 14, 2017. It received positive reviews, becoming one of the most critically acclaimed films of 2017. With a budget of $5 million, it has grossed more than $52 million worldwide, becoming one of the highest-grossing independent films of 2017.[5]"}
{"id": "doc137908", "text": "The Baconian method was further developed and promoted by John Stuart Mill. His 1843 book, A System of Logic, was an effort to shed further light on issues of causation. In this work, he formulated the five principles of inductive reasoning now known as Mill's methods."}
{"id": "doc138058", "text": "While the concept has a geological origin, it is an indication of the effect of both Charles Darwin and Matthew F. Maury on the Earth sciences. The biosphere's ecological context comes from the 1920s (see Vladimir I. Vernadsky), preceding the 1935 introduction of the term \"ecosystem\" by Sir Arthur Tansley (see ecology history). Vernadsky defined ecology as the science of the biosphere. It is an interdisciplinary concept for integrating astronomy, geophysics, meteorology, biogeography, evolution, geology, geochemistry, hydrology and, generally speaking, all life and Earth sciences."}
{"id": "doc138447", "text": "Lady Caroline's heir-apparent is her son Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto."}
{"id": "doc138458", "text": "If this system of primogeniture had been applied on the death of Victoria (whose actual successor was her second child and first son Edward VII), then Princess Victoria, Princess Royal would have become queen and the throne would have been inherited by her eldest child, and so on.[22][23][24]"}
{"id": "doc139151", "text": "James Madison, writing in Federalist No. 43, also argued that the national capital needed to be distinct from the states, in order to provide for its own maintenance and safety.[15] The Constitution, however, does not select a specific site for the location of the new District. Proposals from the legislatures of Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia all offered territory for the location of the national capital. Northern states preferred a capital located in one of the nation's prominent cities, unsurprisingly, almost all of which were in the north. Conversely, Southern states preferred that the capital be located closer to their agricultural and slave-holding interests.[16] The selection of the area around the Potomac River, which was the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, both slave states, was agreed upon between James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton had a proposal for the new federal government to take over debts accrued by the states during the Revolutionary War. However, by 1790, Southern states had largely repaid their overseas debts. Hamilton's proposal would require Southern states to assume a share of Northern debt. Jefferson and Madison agreed to this proposal and in return secured a Southern location for the federal capital.[17]"}
{"id": "doc140700", "text": "In the 2012 session, House Majority Leader Mike Turzai, with the backing of Governor Tom Corbett, announced a plan to issue 1,600 new liquor store licenses and auction the 600-plus liquor stores currently owned by the state. Stores would be allowed to sell beer in any configuration and without limit. Supporters say it could raise as much as $1.6 billion for the state. Opponents say that the proposed pricing would make it difficult for mom-and-pop stores to afford such licenses. Major opponents include the liquor store clerks union and the Pennsylvania Beer Alliance.[12]"}
{"id": "doc140893", "text": "In three main situations, English law allows people who lack legal capacity to contract to escape from enforcement of agreements and recover property that was conveyed, to reverse unjust enrichment. First, a person may be too young to be bound by large or onerous contracts. Minors, under 18 years, can bind themselves to contracts for \"necessaries\" to pay a reasonable price, but only unusual contracts, such as for eleven luxury waistcoats will not be deemed \"necessaries\".[316] While the adult contracting party is bound, the minor has the option to rescind the contract, so long as one of the four equitable bars (lapse of time, affirmation, third party rights, counter-restitution possible) is not present. Second, people who are mentally incapacitated, for instance because they are sectioned under the Mental Health Act 1983 or they are completely intoxicated, are in principle bound to agreements when the other person could not or did not know they lacked mental capacity.[317] But if the other person did know or should have known, then the mentally incapacitated individual may no longer have agreements for non-necessaries enforced upon them. Third, companies can generally bind themselves to any agreement, even though many (particularly older) companies have a limited range of objects that their members (in most companies this means shareholders) have consented that the business is for. Under the Companies Act 2006 sections 39 and 40, if a third party contracting with the company in bad faith takes advantage of a director or officer to procure an agreement, that contract will be wholly void. This is a high threshold, and in practice no longer relevant, particularly since 2006 companies may elect to have unrestricted objects. It is more likely that a contract ceases to be enforceable because, as a matter of the law of agency the third party should have reasonably known that the person contracting lacked authority to enter an agreement. In this situation a contract is voidable at the instance of the company, and could only be enforced against the (probably less solvent) employee."}
{"id": "doc142184", "text": "In Zoroastrianism, Vega was sometimes associated with Vanant, a minor divinity whose name means \"conqueror\".[106]"}
{"id": "doc142372", "text": "The film was released on July 16, 2004. While it received negative reviews from critics, the film was a box office success, grossing $70 million against its $19 million budget, and spawned three straight-to-video sequels."}
{"id": "doc142541", "text": "Renewable resources are endangered by non-regulated industrial developments and growth.[56] They must be carefully managed to avoid exceeding the natural world's capacity to replenish them.[1] A life cycle assessment provides a systematic means of evaluating renewability. This is a matter of sustainability in the natural environment.[57]"}
{"id": "doc142930", "text": "As of March 2016, in Australia, the show airs during the ABC 4 Kids block of programming on ABC2 every weekends at 11:30\u00c2\u00a0AM."}
{"id": "doc143496", "text": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with a series usually consisting of thirteen 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended 60-minute episode broadcast on Christmas Day. This system was shortened to twelve episodes and one Christmas special following the revival's eighth series. Each series includes both standalone and multiple episodic stories, linked with a loose story arc that is resolved in the series finale. As in the early \"classic\" era, each episode, whether standalone or part of a larger story, has its own title. Occasionally, regular-series episodes will exceed the 45-minute run time; notably, the episodes \"Journey's End\" from 2008 and \"The Eleventh Hour\" from 2010 exceeded an hour in length."}
{"id": "doc144160", "text": "Some Constitutional originalists, notably Raoul Berger in his influential 1977 book \"Government by Judiciary,\" make the case that Brown cannot be defended by reference to the original understanding of the 14th Amendment. They support this reading of the 14th amendment by noting that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 did not ban segregated schools and that the same Congress that passed the 14th Amendment also voted to segregate schools in the District of Columbia. Other originalists, including Michael W. McConnell, a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, in his article \"Originalism and the Desegregation Decisions,\" argue that the Radical Reconstructionists who spearheaded the 14th Amendment were in favor of desegregated southern schools.[70] Evidence supporting this interpretation of the 14th amendment has come from archived Congressional records showing that proposals for federal legislation which would enforce school integration were debated in Congress a few years following the amendment's ratification.[71]"}
{"id": "doc144239", "text": "The character of Alex Vause is loosely based on Catherine Cleary Wolters, ex-girlfriend of Piper Kerman, the author of Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison and an executive consultant on the series.[1][2] In Kerman's memoir, Wolters is given the pseudonym Nora Jansen, who is a marginal character in the book.[3] In actuality, Kerman and Wolters did not serve their prison sentences together as depicted in the series, however they were reunited in a flight to Chicago, where they were detained for several weeks in a detention facility to testify in the drug trafficking case.[1][4] Their stint in Chicago is portrayed in the series' second season, however, the defendant they were to testify against was changed to the cartel's kingpin, as was the fact that Wolters and Kerman were cell-mates in the prison.[5][6]"}
{"id": "doc146074", "text": "Writers such as Nikolay Afan\u00e1siev and Alexander Schmemann have written that the phrase \"presiding in agape\", used of the Church of Rome in the letter that Ignatius of Antioch addressed to it in the early 2nd century, contains a definition of that Church's universal primacy;[30] but the Roman Catholic writer Klaus Schatz warns that it would be wrong to read, as statements of the developed Roman Catholic teaching on papal primacy, this letter and the even earlier First Epistle of Clement (the name of Clement was added only later), in which the Church of Rome intervenes in matters of the Church of Corinth, admonishing it in authoritative tones, even speaking in the name of God.[31] It was only later that the expression of Ignatius of Antioch could be interpreted as meaning, as agreed by representatives of both the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches, that \"Rome, as the Church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St Ignatius of Antioch (To the Romans, Prologue), occupied the first place in the taxis, and that the bishop of Rome was therefore the protos among the patriarchs\".[32]"}
{"id": "doc146101", "text": "The power of the Bishop of Rome increased as the power of the Emperors gradually diminished and the imperial authorities tried to bolster their waning power with religious support. A joint edict of Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II and Roman Emperor Valentinian III proclaimed the bishop of Rome as the \"rector of the whole Church\".[60][e] In 545, Byzantine Emperor Justinian I promulgated a similar civil Byzantine law, in Novellae Constitutiones novel 131, which codified that the archbishop of Constantinople \"occupies the place next after the holy apostolic seat of ancient Rome\".[61]"}
{"id": "doc146132", "text": "In October 2007, the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue Between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, agreed that the pope has primacy among all bishops of the Church, something which has been universally acknowledged by both churches since the First Council of Constantinople in 381 (when they were still one Church) though disagreements about the extent of his authority still continue."}
{"id": "doc146706", "text": "The first season premiered on October 23, 2011. The Evil Queen interrupts the wedding of Snow White and Prince Charming to announce that she will cast a curse on everyone that will leave her with the only happy ending. The majority of the characters are transported to the town of Storybrooke, Maine, where they have been stripped of their original memories and identities as fairy tale characters. On her 28th birthday, Emma Swan, the daughter of Snow White and Prince Charming, is brought to Storybrooke by her biological son Henry Mills in the hopes of breaking the curse cast by his adoptive mother, the Evil Queen Regina."}
{"id": "doc147194", "text": "The idea was originally conceived in 2001, with Tim Allen initially cast as the Cat, but he dropped his role due to work on The Santa Clause 2, and the role was later given to Myers. Filming took place in California for three months. While the basic plot parallels that of the book, the film filled out its 82 minutes by adding new subplots and characters significantly different from the original story."}
{"id": "doc147268", "text": "When Flagler's Florida East Coast Railroad was extended southward to Palm Beach and then Miami in the early 20th Century, the rich mostly abandoned St. Augustine. Wealthy vacationers began to customarily spend their winters in South Florida, where the climate was warmer and freezes were rare. St. Augustine nevertheless still attracted tourists, and eventually became a destination for families traveling in automobiles as new highways were built and Americans took to the road for annual summer vacations. The tourist industry soon became the dominant sector of the local economy.[43]"}
{"id": "doc147696", "text": "Absent: Brenda Song as London Tipton"}
{"id": "doc148310", "text": "The founder of the Nasiri, Murshid Quli Jafar Khan, was born a poor Deccani Oriya Brahmin before being sold into slavery and bought by one Haji Shafi Isfahani, a Persian merchant from Isfahan who converted him to Islam. He entered the service of the Emperor Aurangzeb and rose through the ranks before becoming Nazim of Bengal in 1717, a post he held until his death in 1727. He in turn was succeeded by his grandson and son-in-law until his grandson was killed in battle and succeeded by Alivardi Khan of the Afshar Dynasty in 1740."}
{"id": "doc148885", "text": "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes has been licensed by Funimation,[7] who premiered the English dub in Los Angeles on September 15, 2018,[13] and a wider theatrical release in 400 theaters in the United States and Canada from September 25 through October 2, 2018.[14] The film premiered in Australia at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne on September 15, 2018,[15] with a wider release on September 27, 2018 in Australia, and October 17, 2018 in New Zealand.[16] The film premiered in the United Kingdom at Scotland Loves Anime in Glasgow on October 13, 2018,[17] with Manga Entertainment providing a wider theatrical release in both the UK and Ireland on December 4, 2018.[18] The film was also distributed to theaters in Singapore and Indonesia through ODEX, with limited showings on October 6th and October 13th, 2018 respectively; wide releases started on October 11th and October 17th, 2018 in Singapore and Indonesia respectively. [19] \nThe film was licensed by Pioneer Films in the Philippines, with an initial fan screening occurring on October 16th, 2018 and three additional advance screenings on the 20th, following a delayed wider release, originally slated for the 17th.[20] Viz Media Europe acquired the rights to the film for release in regions that speak French, German, and Italian in Europe. [21]"}
{"id": "doc150031", "text": "A postmodernist revision of the character appeared as the protagonist in the 2014 live-action film Maleficent, portrayed by Angelina Jolie. She also serves as a minor antagonist in Disney's House of Mouse, voiced by Lois Nettleton, and as a recurring antagonist in the Kingdom Hearts video game series, voiced by Susanne Blakeslee. She is also one of several antagonists in the TV series Once Upon a Time, portrayed by Kristin Bauer van Straten, and the Disney Channel movie Descendants, portrayed by Kristin Chenoweth."}
{"id": "doc150042", "text": "As an adult, Maleficent is betrayed by Stefan, who uses iron to burn off her wings so that he can ascend the throne of the human kingdom, as per a bounty declared by the dying King Henry, who bore a grudge against her. Taking a raven named Diaval as a servant, a now hate-filled Maleficent names herself ruler of the Moors and her outfit changes to a darker one. When she learns that Stefan is now king and has had a newborn daughter named Aurora (Elle Fanning) with his wife, Queen Leila, acting on the notion that true love is nonexistent, Maleficent places a curse on the newborn Aurora to sleep forever unless she receives the kiss of true love, as revenge on Stefan. Because the three pixies that were assigned to look after Aurora proved to be incompetent, however, Maleficent cares for and saves the child from afar in order to ensure that her curse is completed, only to eventually develop a maternal affection for her. That love proves essential for a repentant Maleficent to undo her own curse when she kisses Aurora on the forehead. After waking from her sleep, Aurora helps restore Maleficent's wings to her when Stefan attempts to kill Maleficent, allowing her to defeat Stefan."}
{"id": "doc150064", "text": "A few weeks later she and the other three villains get a videochat call with the kids; Maleficent makes jokes about the Fairy Godmother about the magic she performed in Cinderella (which the Fairy Godmother doesn't take the jokes very well) and asks Mal (hiding her real intentions as motherly love) when she will have the wand; she gets a little annoyed when Mal informs her mother that they need to wait until Ben's coronation, but when Cruella interrupts her to scream to her son she can longer interrogate Mal about the plan."}
{"id": "doc151694", "text": "Over 70 proposals for an amendment were drafted.[13] In late 1865, the Joint Committee on Reconstruction proposed an amendment stating that any citizens barred from voting on the basis of race by a state would not be counted for purposes of representation of that state.[14] This amendment passed the House, but was blocked in the Senate by a coalition of Radical Republicans led by Charles Sumner, who believed the proposal a \"compromise with wrong\", and Democrats opposed to black rights.[15] Consideration then turned to a proposed amendment by Representative John A. Bingham of Ohio, which would enable Congress to safeguard \"equal protection of life, liberty, and property\" of all citizens; this proposal failed to pass the House.[15] In April 1866, the Joint Committee forwarded a third proposal to Congress, a carefully negotiated compromise that combined elements of the first and second proposals as well as addressing the issues of Confederate debt and voting by ex-Confederates.[15] The House of Representatives passed House Resolution 127, 39th Congress several weeks later and sent to the Senate for action. The resolution was debated and several amendments to it were proposed. Amendments to Sections 2, 3, and 4 were adopted on June 8, 1866, and the modified resolution passed by a 33 to 11 vote (5 absent, not voting). The House agreed to the Senate amendments on June 13 by a 138\u00e2\u20ac\u201c36 vote (10 not voting). A concurrent resolution requesting the President to transmit the proposal to the executives of the several states was passed by both houses of Congress on June 18.[16][17]"}
{"id": "doc152483", "text": "One of the first paintings of the view was F611 Mountainous Landscape Behind Saint-R\u00e9my, now in Copenhagen. Van Gogh made a number of sketches for the painting, of which F1547 The Enclosed Wheatfield After a Storm is typical. It is unclear whether the painting was made in his studio or outside. In his June 9 letter describing it, he mentions he had been working outside for a few days.[18][19][L 3][14] Van Gogh described the second of the two landscapes he mentions he was working on, in a letter to his sister Wil on 16 June 1889.[18][L 4] This is F719 Green Field, now in Prague, and the first painting at the asylum he definitely painted outside en plein air.[18] F1548 Wheat field, Saint-R\u00e9my de Provence, now in New York, is a study for it. Two days later, Vincent wrote Theo that he had painted \"a starry sky\".[20][L 1]"}
{"id": "doc152500", "text": "Art historian Sven Loevgren expands on Schapiro's approach, again calling The Starry Night a \"visionary painting\" which \"was conceived in a state of great agitation.\"[47] He writes of the \"hallucinatory character of the painting and its violently expressive form,\" although he takes pains to note that the painting was not executed during one of Van Gogh's incapacitating breakdowns.[48] Loevgren compares Van Gogh's \"religiously inclined longing for the beyond\" to the poetry of Walt Whitman.[49] He calls The Starry Night \"an infinitely expressive picture which symbolizes the final absorption of the artist by the cosmos\" and which \"gives a never-to-be-forgotten sensation of standing on the threshold of eternity.\"[50] Loevgren praises Schapiro's \"eloquent interpretation\" of the painting as an apocalyptic vision[51] and advances his own symbolist theory with reference to the eleven stars in one of Joseph's dreams in the Old Testament book of Genesis.[52] Loevgren asserts that the pictorial elements of The Starry Night \"are visualized in purely symbolic terms\" and notes that \"the cypress is the tree of death in the Mediterranean countries.\"[53]"}
{"id": "doc152515", "text": "After having initially held it back, Van Gogh sent The Starry Night to Theo in Paris on 28 September 1889, along with nine or ten other paintings.[24][72] Theo died less than six months after Vincent, in January 1891. Theo's widow, Jo, then became the caretaker of Van Gogh's legacy. She sold the painting to poet Julien Leclercq in Paris in 1900, who turned around and sold it to \u00c9mile Schuffenecker, Gauguin's old friend, in 1901. Jo then bought the painting back from Schuffenecker before selling it to the Oldenzeel Gallery in Rotterdam in 1906. From 1906 to 1938 it was owned by Georgette P. van Stolk, of Rotterdam, who sold it to Paul Rosenberg, of Paris and New York. It was through Rosenberg that the Museum of Modern Art acquired the painting in 1941.[82]"}
{"id": "doc152997", "text": "The districts are currently represented in the 115th United States Congress as legal entities."}
{"id": "doc152998", "text": "List of members of the Arizonian United States House delegation, district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 9 members, with 5 Republicans and 4 Democrats."}
{"id": "doc153569", "text": "The pair go on to appear in the live show as their ghosts, although this is set in a continuity outside of the main series, much like the film, where they appear briefly and accidentally kill Jeremy Dyson."}
{"id": "doc155310", "text": "In bacteria, the level of cAMP varies depending on the medium used for growth.  In particular, cAMP is low when glucose is the carbon source.  This occurs through inhibition of the cAMP-producing enzyme, adenylate cyclase, as a side-effect of glucose transport into the cell.  The transcription factor cAMP receptor protein (CRP) also called CAP (catabolite gene activator protein) forms a complex with cAMP and thereby is activated to bind to DNA.  CRP-cAMP increases expression of a large number of genes, including some encoding enzymes that can supply energy independent of glucose."}
{"id": "doc155438", "text": "In July 2014, as part of the San Diego Comic-Con, DC Comics announced Batman vs. Robin for a 2015 release. Although the Court of Owls is set to appear,[57] Batman vs. Robin is not an adaptation of the Court of Owls storyline from the comics.[58][59] On January 16, 2015, it was announced that while Jason O'Mara, Stuart Allan, Sean Maher, and David McCallum would be reprising their roles as Batman, Robin, Nightwing and Alfred Pennyworth, the rest of the cast would consist of Jeremy Sisto as Talon, Grey DeLisle-Griffin as Samantha, \"Weird Al\" Yankovic as Dollmaker, Robin Atkin Downes as the Court of Owls Grandmaster, Peter Onorati as Draco, and Kevin Conroy as Thomas Wayne.[60]"}
{"id": "doc155440", "text": "On July 11, 2015, as part of the San Diego Comic-Con, DC Comics announced Batman: Bad Blood for a 2016 release. The story is original and not based on any comic book story. It was also revealed that the film will feature Batwoman, as well as Batwing.[65] On July 15, voice actors for the film were revealed that includes Jason O'Mara as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Stuart Allan as Damian Wayne/Robin, Sean Maher as Dick Grayson/Nightwing, Yvonne Strahovski as Katherine Kane / Batwoman, Gaius Charles as Luke Fox/Batwing, Morena Baccarin as Talia al Ghul, Travis Willingham as the Heretic, and Ernie Hudson as Lucius Fox. The film was released digitally on January 20, 2016 and on physical media on February 2, 2016.[66] The film was directed by Jay Oliva."}
{"id": "doc155482", "text": "The film premiered at the 2016 Anime Expo convention in Los Angeles, California on July 3, 2016, and later was released theatrically in Japan on August 26, 2016. The film is scheduled to be released in 92 countries.[14][15][16] It was released in China by Huaxia Film Distribution on December 2, 2016.[17] In order to qualify for the Academy Awards, the film was released for one week (December 2\u00e2\u20ac\u201c8, 2016) in Los Angeles. The film was released in Australian cinemas on limited release on November 24, 2016 by Madman Entertainment in both its original Japanese and an English dub.[18] Madman also released the film in New Zealand on December 1, 2016.[19] The film was also released in the United Kingdom on November 18, 2016 distributed by Anime Limited.[20] On January 17, 2017, Funimation announced that the film would be released in North American theaters on April 7, 2017.[21]"}
{"id": "doc157016", "text": "In 1985, under the direction of coach Rollie Massimino, the men's basketball team completed one of the most surprising runs in NCAA tournament history by winning the national championship in the first year of the 64-team field. The eighth-seeded Wildcats (unranked in the final AP poll) beat Dayton (at Dayton), top-seeded Michigan, Maryland and second-seeded North Carolina to win the Southeast Regional en route to the Final Four in Lexington, Kentucky. After defeating 2-seed Memphis State in the national semifinals, Villanova met defending champion and ten-point-favorite Georgetown, led by Patrick Ewing, in the title game on April Fools' Day."}
{"id": "doc157039", "text": "The Wildcats enjoyed another highly successful regular season and held the AP #1 ranking in the nation for the first time in school history over a 3-week period. They finished the regular season with a 27\u20134 record losing only to teams (Oklahoma, Virginia, Providence, Xavier) that were ranked at the time of the match-up. Villanova finished Big East Conference play 16\u20132 for the third year in a row also garnering their 3rd straight outright Regular Season Conference Title. After losing in the Big East Tournament Championship Game to Seton Hall, 69\u201367, the Wildcats earned a 2 seed in the NCAA Tournament South Region where they dispatched the #15 seeded UNC Asheville by 30 points, followed by a 19-point win over #7 seed Iowa. After defeating #3 seed Miami by 23, they moved on to the Elite Eight to face the overall #1 seed Kansas Jayhawks. The Wildcats defense shined as they won by 5 points to advance to their 5th Final Four and the first since 2009. They faced #2 seed Oklahoma Sooners, who had beaten Villanova by 23 on December 7, 2015, at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii early in the season. In the National Semi-Finals, Villanova beat the Sooners by 44 points (an NCAA Final Four record) to advance to the NCAA Championship for the first time in 31 years. They faced the second-overall #1 seed North Carolina Tar Heels for the championship. On April 4, Villanova defeated UNC on a game-winning three-point shot at the buzzer by Kris Jenkins to win the NCAA Championship by a final score of 77\u201374, winning their second NCAA championship. UNC had recovered from a 10-point deficit in the final five minutes to tie the game on an off-balance, double-clutch three-point shot that passed through the net with 4.7 seconds left, leaving the Wildcats one last chance to clinch a victory before overtime. Kris Jenkins inbounded the ball to four-year team captain Ryan Arcidiacono, who dribbled down court, passed the ball and set a bubble screen to assist Jenkins' game-winning shot. Coach Jay Wright credits the play to the \"Wildcat minute\", where the team practices late-game scenarios at every practice. The game has been called one of the greatest in the history of NCAA Tournament Championships.[12][13]"}
{"id": "doc157123", "text": "The narrative of Jesus' public ministry, beginning with the introduction of the first disciples of Jesus. It consists of seven miracles, or \"signs\", interspersed with long dialogues, discourses, \"Amen, amen\" sayings, and \"I Am\" sayings, culminating with the raising of Lazarus from the dead. In John it is this, and not the cleansing of the Temple, that prompts the authorities to have Jesus executed. The seven signs consist of Jesus' miracle at the wedding at Cana, his healing the royal official's son, his healing the paralytic at Bethesda, his feeding the 5,000, his walking on water, his healing the man born blind, and his raising Lazarus from the dead. Other incidents recounted in this segment of the gospel include the cleansing of the Temple; Jesus' conversation with the Pharisee Nicodemus, wherein he explains the importance of spiritual rebirth; his conversation with the Samaritan woman at the well, wherein he gives the Water of Life Discourse; the Bread of Life Discourse, which prompted many of his disciples to leave; the Woman Taken in Adultery; Jesus' claims to be the Light of the World; Jesus' answer to Pilate; the Good Shepherd pericope; Jesus' rejection by the Jews; the Jesus wept; the plot to kill Jesus; the anointing of Jesus; Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem; the prediction of the glorification of the Son of Man; and the prediction of the Last Judgment."}
{"id": "doc157323", "text": "The exact spelling of these phrases has varied over the years; for example, s'avisera has been spelled as s'uvisera and s'advisera, and Reyne as Raine."}
{"id": "doc157625", "text": "The Senate is considered the upper house. It has 38 members, and is led by the President of the Senate, currently Robert Stivers (R)."}
{"id": "doc158020", "text": "The term \"Social Darwinism\" has rarely been used by advocates of the supposed ideologies or ideas; instead it has almost always been used pejoratively by its opponents.[1] The term draws upon the common use of the term Darwinism, which has been used to describe a range of evolutionary views, but in the late 19th century was applied more specifically to natural selection as first advanced by Charles Darwin to explain speciation in populations of organisms. The process includes competition between individuals for limited resources, popularly but inaccurately described by the phrase \"survival of the fittest\", a term coined by sociologist Herbert Spencer."}
{"id": "doc158382", "text": "Further south, on 6 June, the Israeli 38th Armored Division under Major-General Ariel Sharon assaulted Um-Katef, a heavily fortified area defended by the Egyptian 2nd Infantry Division under Major-General Sa'adi Nagib, and consisting of some 16,000 troops. The Egyptians also had a battalion of tank destroyers and a tank regiment, formed of Soviet World War II armour, which included 90 T-34-85 tanks, 22 SU-100 tank destroyers, and about 16,000 men. The Israelis had about 14,000 men and 150 post-World War II tanks including the AMX-13, Centurions, and M50 Super Shermans (modified M-4 Sherman tanks)."}
{"id": "doc158654", "text": "The first book in the Mary Poppins book series was the film's main basis. According to the 40th Anniversary DVD release of the film in 2004, Disney's daughters fell in love with the Mary Poppins books and made him promise to make a film based on them. Disney first attempted to purchase the film rights to Mary Poppins from P. L. Travers as early as 1938 but was rebuffed because Travers did not believe a film version of her books would do justice to her creation. In addition, Disney was known at the time primarily as a producer of cartoons and had yet to produce any major live-action work. For more than 20 years, Disney periodically made efforts to convince Travers to allow him to make a Poppins film. He finally succeeded in 1961, although Travers demanded and got script approval rights. The Sherman Brothers composed the music score and were also involved in the film's development, suggesting the setting be changed from the 1930s to the Edwardian era. Pre-production and song composition took about two years."}
{"id": "doc159492", "text": "12 episodes (Season 1)"}
{"id": "doc161015", "text": "Ancient Church Orders"}
{"id": "doc162000", "text": "In September 2011, Jackman was officially cast as Jean Valjean and Russell Crowe was cast as Javert.[53] The following month, Mackintosh confirmed that Fantine would be played by Hathaway. Before Hathaway was cast, Amy Adams, Jessica Biel, Tammy Blanchard, Kristin Kreuk, Marion Cotillard, Kate Winslet and Rebecca Hall had reportedly been considered for the part.[54] For the role, Hathaway allowed her hair to be cut short on camera for a scene in which her character sells her hair, stating that the lengths she goes to for her roles \"don't feel like sacrifices. Getting to transform is one of the best parts of [acting].\"[55] The role also required her to lose 25 pounds (11\u00c2\u00a0kg).[14]"}
{"id": "doc162311", "text": "In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". A CGI remake of the film directed by Jon Favreau is scheduled for a July 19, 2019 release in the United States."}
{"id": "doc162708", "text": "Wheezy does not directly appear in Toy Story 3 as he was sold in a yard sale after Toy Story 2, as mentioned by Woody, but he does appear in footage of Andy as a boy (Toy Story 3). Wheezy appears in the Toy Story 3 video game, where he is voiced by Phil LaMarr in toy box mode along with Bo Peep."}
{"id": "doc162716", "text": "In Toy Story 2, when Buster finds Woody, Mr. Spell displays 13.5, the amount of time in seconds it has elapsed for Buster to find Woody, setting a new record. Later, after Woody is stolen from a yard sale, Buzz uses Mr. Spell to help Andy's toys figure out who has stolen Woody."}
{"id": "doc162720", "text": "In Toy Story 2, Rocky, along with Sarge's toy soldiers, tries to hold back the door to prevent Buster from entering, but Buster rams the door open, causing Rocky and the soldiers to go flying. Rocky is also seen holding Wheezy as Wheezy begs Buzz to rescue Woody and when waving Buzz and his rescue squad goodbye as they leave on their mission. At the end of the movie, Rocky is seen enjoying Wheezy's rendition of \"You've Got a Friend in Me.\" He only appears in the third film via archive footage of Andy as a child."}
{"id": "doc162798", "text": "Lotso was intended to be in the first film (originally for a sequel to Tin Toy), but the technology to design the fur to the proper consistency had yet to exist until Monsters, Inc. in 2001, so he was saved for the third film. However, an early version of Lotso can be seen in the first film when Woody says \"Everybody hear me? Up on the shelf, can you hear me? Great!\" and can be seen in the second film during the first Al's Toy Barn Commercial."}
{"id": "doc162834", "text": "According to Toy Story producer Ralph Guggenheim in a December 1995 Animation Magazine article: John Lasseter and the story team for Toy Story reviewed the names of Pixar employees' children looking for the right name for Woody's owner. Davis was ultimately named after and based on Andy Luckey, the son of legendary animator Bud Luckey, Pixar's fifth employee and the creator of Woody. Luckey has declined to publicly comment on the connection."}
{"id": "doc163261", "text": "The role of the bishops was brought into renewed prominence, especially when seen collectively, as a college that has succeeded to that of the apostles in teaching and governing the Church. This college was headed by the Pope."}
{"id": "doc165022", "text": "Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats) and the House of Representatives (41 seats).[53] The members of the Senate are appointed by the president. Sixteen Government Senators are appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, six Opposition Senators are appointed on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition and nine Independent Senators are appointed by the President to represent other sectors of civil society. The 41 members of the House of Representatives are elected by the people for a maximum term of five years in a \"first past the post\" system."}
{"id": "doc167384", "text": "I Spy was a trailblazer in its use of exotic international locations in an attempt to emulate the James Bond film series. This was unique for a television show, especially since the series actually filmed its lead actors at locations ranging from Spain to Japan, rather than relying on stock footage. (Compare with the recent series, Alias, which also utilized worldwide settings but rarely filmed outside the Los Angeles region, and I Spy's contemporaries on NBC Mission: Impossible and The Man from U.N.C.L.E., which were completely filmed on the Desilu and MGM back lots.) Each season the producers would select four or five scenic locations around the world and create stories that took advantage of the local attractions. Episodes were filmed in Hong Kong, Athens, Rome, Florence, Madrid, Venice, Tokyo, Acapulco, San Francisco, Las Vegas, and Morocco."}
{"id": "doc167917", "text": "Released on January 21, 2014 as a two Blu-ray and three DVD set, the Criterion Collection release contains two versions of the film, a restored 4K digital film transfer of the 159-minute general release version and a new 197-minute high-definition digital transfer, reconstructed and restored by Robert A. Harris using visual and audio material from the longer original \"road-show\" version not seen in over 50 years. Some scenes have been returned to the film for the first time, and the Blu-ray features a 5.1 surround DTS-HD Master Audio soundtrack. It also features a new audio commentary from It\u2019s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World aficionados Mark Evanier, Michael Schlesinger, and Paul Scrabo, a new documentary on the film's visual and sound effects, an excerpt from a 1974 talk show hosted by Stanley Kramer featuring Sid Caesar, Buddy Hackett, and Jonathan Winters, a press interview from 1963 featuring Kramer and cast members, excerpts about the film's influence taken from the 2000 American Film Institute program 100 Years...100 Laughs, a two-part 1963 episode of Canadian TV program Telescope that follows the film\u2019s press junket and premiere, a segment from the 2012 special The Last 70mm Film Festival featuring surviving Mad World cast and crew members hosted by Billy Crystal, a selection of Stan Freberg's original TV and radio ads for the film with a new introduction by Freberg, trailers and radio spots from the 1960s/70s, and a booklet featuring an essay by film critic Lou Lumenick with new illustrations by legendary cartoonist Jack Davis, along with a map of the shooting locations by artist Dave Woodman.[30]"}
{"id": "doc168169", "text": "The location of the stars is as follows:[16]"}
{"id": "doc169399", "text": "Jackson\u2014along with Lionel Richie, Quincy Jones, Rod Temperton and Joseph Jackson\u2014faced a copyright infringement suit in 1993. The lawsuit came after three songwriters alleged that the pop star and his fellow defendants had plagiarized the hits \"The Girl Is Mine\", \"Thriller\" and \"We Are the World\".[2][3] During a seven-hour deposition, Jackson named numerous unreleased songs that he had written or co-written.[1][4] Following the testimony, a nine-member jury found the defendants not guilty of plagiarism.[5]"}
{"id": "doc170613", "text": "Since its opening day, the Staples Center has hosted seven NBA Finals series with the Lakers, the 2012 and 2014 Stanley Cup Finals, three WNBA Finals, the 2000 Democratic National Convention, the 2002 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, the 52nd NHL All-Star game, the 62nd NHL All-Star game two NBA All-Star Games (in 2004 and 2011), the Pacific-10 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, since 2002\u20132012, the WTA Tour Championships, from 2002\u20132005, UFC 60 in 2006, UFC 104 in 2009, UFC 184 in 2015, the inaugural Latin Grammy Awards in 2000, the annual Grammy Awards, since 2000, with the exception of 2003, the 2009 World Figure Skating Championships, the Summer X Games indoor competitions, since 2003, as well HBO Championship Boxing matches.[7]"}
{"id": "doc170931", "text": "In the fourth season, Piper has allowed the incident with Stella to go to her head, and she has become arrogant and overconfident, hiring her new bunk mate Stephanie Hapakuka as muscle. As a result, when Maria Ruiz tries to persuade Piper to recruit some of her new Dominican friends into her business, Piper is rude to her. Angered, Maria starts a rival business that quickly outperforms Piper's. Faced with the loss of her business, Piper convinces the new guard captain Piscatella to let her start an anti-gang task force, but the women that gather at her meeting mistakenly assume that she wants to start a white supremacist group. During a meeting with one of the COs, the women bring the used panty businesses to his attention (after Piper tried to downplay it), resulting in Maria being caught and Piscatella recommending that she get three to five years added to her sentence. Despite her disgust with the white supremacist gang, she hangs out with them for protection from Maria's gang, but she is still kidnapped by Maria and branded with a swastika. She shows Red the brand while crying on her bed, and later shows Nicky and Alex while smoking crack cocaine in the garden. While high, Piper discovers that Kubra sent Aydin to kill Alex and she killed him after he failed. Later, she was able to get her swastika altered into a window, with the help of Red, Norma, and Alex, and she apologizes to Alex for not believing her during the branding. After the incident, she and Alex start having sex again. Piper tries to convince Piscatella to stop the increasingly draconian treatment of the other inmates by the guards, and when he refuses, she joins the protest to include standing next to Blanca Flores on the cafeteria table. When Aydin's remains are found, she tries to prevent Alex from confessing to Aydin's murder. After Bayley accidentally kills Poussey, she runs into him in the hall while he is trying to go to Poussey's friends to apologize. She tells him to let them grieve and that she will let them know he is sorry in order to prevent him from going to their cell block. At the end of the season, she discovers that Alex has written several notes with Aydin's full name on it and spread it around the prison. She convinces her to gather them up so that they can burn them, but shortly after they throw them into a garbage can and set them on fire, women participating in the riot kick over the can, spreading the papers all over the floor."}
{"id": "doc170955", "text": "At the beginning of the fifth season, after the inmates take control of the prison, Taystee punches Caputo in the face and holds him and Josh from MCC hostage. She attempts to force Caputo to make a statement on video stating that Bayley murdered Poussey, but he refuses to and she finished the statement herself. Frustrated that the video didn't get the views she wanted, she handed Caputo to the Spanish inmates. Following this, she negotiates with the white supremacist inmates for possession of Judy King, who she plans to use to release a statement about their treatment in the prison to the press to the protest of Janae. During Judy's statement, Taystee interrupts her and speaks about how they are treated herself, as well as revealing Judy's special treatment, before releasing Judy and going back into the prison."}
{"id": "doc171458", "text": "Another reason for criticizing Taylor's methods stemmed from Taylor's belief that the scientific method included the calculations of exactly how much time it takes a man to do a particular task, or his rate of work. However, the opposition to this argument is that such a calculation relies on certain arbitrary, non-scientific decisions such as what constituted the job, which men were timed, and under which conditions. Any of these factors are subject to change, and therefore can produce inconsistencies.[44]"}
{"id": "doc171775", "text": "Many legislators hold the view that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that \"checks and balances\" apply to the Judicial branch as well as to the other branches\u00e2\u20ac\u201dfor example, in the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment by Congress of rules for the conduct of federal courts, and by state legislatures for state courts. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supreme Court only for convenience in light of the Supreme Court's expertise, but can withdraw that delegation at any time."}
{"id": "doc171833", "text": "A subsequent recording of the track by Joe Cocker became a hit single in 1968 and an anthem for the Woodstock era.[2] In 1978, the Beatles' recording, paired with \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\", was reissued as a single, and peaked at number 63 in Britain and number 71 in the United States. Starr has regularly performed the song in concert as a solo artist. \"With a Little Help from My Friends\" was ranked number 311 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time."}
{"id": "doc171837", "text": "The song's composition is unusually well documented, as Hunter Davies was present and described the writing process in the Beatles' official biography."}
{"id": "doc172053", "text": "In July 2012, Walters appeared in the BBC Two production The Hollow Crown as Mistress Quickly in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Parts I and II.[24] In the summer of 2012, she voiced the Witch in Pixar's Brave (2012). In 2012 she worked with LV= to promote one of their life insurance products targeted at people over 50. Walters was seen in television advertisements, at the lv.com website and in other marketing material helping to raise awareness for life insurance.[25]"}
{"id": "doc172183", "text": "The 2013\u201314 team had another strong season, winning Michigan's first outright Big Ten championship since 1986 and advancing to the Elite Eight of the NCAA tournament, where it lost to Kentucky, 75\u201372."}
{"id": "doc172185", "text": "During the 2017\u201318 season, Beilein's Wolverines again won four games in four days to win back-to-back Big Ten Tournament championships for the first time in school history. The team went on to win the West regional title and advance to the Final Four following its win over Florida State, 58-54. The win improved the team's record to 32-7, marking a new school record for victories. The 2017\u201318 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team moved on to the NCAA tournament championship, where they lost against Villanova to a score of 79-62."}
{"id": "doc172405", "text": "The heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the President and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority (although before the use of the \"nuclear option\" during the 113th US Congress, they could have been blocked by filibuster, requiring cloture to be invoked by \u200a3\u20445 supermajority to further consideration). If approved, they receive their commission scroll, are sworn in and then begin their duties."}
{"id": "doc172836", "text": "The weapon that eventually became the M16 series was basically a scaled down AR-10 with an ambidextrous charging handle located within the carrying handle, a narrower front sight \"A\" frame, and no flash suppressor.[165]"}
{"id": "doc172858", "text": "In Vietnam, some soldiers were issued a carbine version of the M16 called the XM177. The XM177 had a shorter 10\u00a0in (254\u00a0mm) barrel and a telescoping stock, which made it substantially more compact. It also possessed a combination flash hider/sound moderator to reduce problems with muzzle flash and loud report. The Air Force's GAU-5/A (XM177) and the Army's XM177E1 variants differed over the latter\u2019s inclusion of a forward assist, although some GAU-5s do have the forward assist. The final Air Force GAU-5/A and Army XM177E2 had an 11.5\u00a0in (292\u00a0mm) barrel with a longer flash/sound suppressor. The lengthening of the barrel was to support the attachment of Colt's own XM148 40\u00a0mm grenade launcher. These versions were also known as the Colt Commando model commonly referenced and marketed as the CAR-15. The variants were issued in limited numbers to special forces, helicopter crews, Air Force pilots, Air Force Security Police Military Working Dog (MWD) handlers, officers, radio operators, artillerymen, and troops other than front line riflemen. Some USAF GAU-5A/As were later equipped with even longer 14.5-inch (370\u00a0mm) 1/12 rifled barrels as the two shorter versions were worn out. The 14.5-inch (370\u00a0mm) barrel allowed the use of MILES gear and for bayonets to be used with the sub-machine guns (as the Air Force described them). By 1989, the Air Force started to replace the earlier barrels with 1/7 rifled models for use with the M855-round. The weapons were given the redesignation of GUU-5/P."}
{"id": "doc172864", "text": "The M4 carbine was developed from various outgrowths of these designs, including a number of 14.5-inch (368\u00a0mm)-barreled A1 style carbines. The XM4 (Colt Model 727) started its trials in the mid-1980s, with a barrel of 14.5 inches (370\u00a0mm). Officially adopted as a replacement for the M3 \"Grease Gun\" (and the Beretta M9 and M16A2 for select troops) in 1994, it was used with great success in the Balkans and in more recent conflicts, including the Afghanistan and Iraq theaters. The M4 carbine has a three-round burst firing mode, while the M4A1 carbine has a fully automatic firing mode. Both have a Picatinny rail on the upper receiver, allowing the carry handle/rear sight assembly to be replaced with other sighting devices."}
{"id": "doc172947", "text": "The first series was filmed on an uninhabited Pacific island, Isla Gibrale\u00f3n, which is one of the Pearl Islands off the coast of Panama.[11] The island has an 8-kilometre (5.0-mile) coastline, five beaches, a mangrove swamp, and is covered with jungle. The mangrove swamp is located on the east coast of the island where the men were dropped off, and the main sandy beach is on the west coast where the men set camp."}
{"id": "doc173076", "text": "Following the 2000 census, Ohio lost one congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, which leaves Ohio with 18 districts, and consequently, 18 representatives. The state lost two more seats following the 2010 Census, leaving it with 16 votes for the next 3 presidential elections in 2012, 2016 and 2020.[141] The 2008 elections, Democrats gained three seats in Ohio's delegation to the House of Representatives.[142] This leaves eight Republican-controlled seats in the Ohio delegation.[143] Ohio's U.S. Senators in the 112th Congress are Republican Rob Portman and Democrat Sherrod Brown.[144] Marcy Kaptur (D-9) is the dean, or most senior member, of the Ohio delegation to the United States House of Representatives.[145]"}
{"id": "doc173283", "text": "In Polk County, the storm left light property damage in Lakeland, reaching under $5,000,[7] which included the school building being deroofed. Damage to crops was mostly limited to grapefruit and oranges, with losses estimated to have been less than 10%.[7] In the rural communities outside Lakeland, several small building suffered damage. This was considered the worst tropical cyclone in the area since 1897.[32] Lake County experienced sustained winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) and 12 to 15\u00a0in (300 to 380\u00a0mm) of rain in some areas. Much of the impact was confined to large trees being uprooted and ornamental vines suffering damage. A number of trees fell on electrical wires, causing power outages and disruptions to telephone service. Additionally, it is possible that a tornado touched down, based on some pine trees being \"splintered from top to bottom and curled up like molasses candy.\"[33] Damage to citrus crops was light, with losses conservatively estimated at less than 5%.[7] Strong winds in Orange County left the entire city of Orlando without electricity, disrupting commerce.[34] Citrus crops suffered no more than 5% in losses in the county.[7] In St. Augustine, wind downed wires, some of which caused small fires in the business district.[34] A steamship capsized between Jacksonville and Miami and there were reports of damage to several other small boats offshore. Agricultural damage from the hurricane was high, reaching over $2\u00a0million, with more than $1\u00a0million incurred to crops and the remainder to fertilizer and other materials. Citrus crops were especially hard hit, with 800,000 to 1,000,000\u00a0boxes of fruit lost. Salt water, caused by coastal flooding, prevented cultivation of soil in some areas, though rainfall eventually washed away the salt.[3] In all, the hurricane left at least eight people dead and about $10\u00a0million in damage.[8][35]"}
{"id": "doc173893", "text": "The song runs for three minutes and forty-eight seconds.[5] It has influences of R&B and hip hop.[1] The sound is backed by Grande's vocals, singing, \"The light is coming to give back everything the darkness stole\". The song contains a \"jittery beat\" that is used with quick drums and synths.[6][7] The song samples a CNN archive clip of a man who is shouting at former senator Arlen Specter at a town hall meeting in Pennsylvania in 2009 concerning healthcare (\"You wouldn't let anybody speak for this and instead!\").[8][9]"}
{"id": "doc174415", "text": "Government of the United States"}
{"id": "doc174797", "text": "On September 27, it was confirmed that Steve Jablonsky would return to write the score, having composed the music for the first four films. The score was released digitally on the film's original release date, Friday June 23, 2017, and a limited-edition two-disc CD set of 3,000 units will be released by La-La Land Records on July 11, 2017. Unlike the previous films' scores, which contained anywhere from fourteen to twenty-three tracks, the film's soundtrack contains thirty-four tracks, amounting to over two hours of music."}
{"id": "doc174973", "text": "During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies, containing both the story and the songs. These usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus a fully illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio (1940), and what was then a recent release, the movie version of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea that was presented in 1954. The recording and publishing of 20,000 was unusual: it did not employ the movie's cast, and years later, a 12 in 33\u2153\u00a0rpm album, with a nearly identical script, but another different cast, was sold by Disneyland Records in conjunction with the re-release of the movie in 1963."}
{"id": "doc175560", "text": "In Mexico, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June and is not a public holiday."}
{"id": "doc176183", "text": "The club's first match in European competition was a European Cup preliminary round tie against Anderlecht at Parc Astrid in Brussels; Manchester United won the match 2\u20130 in front of 35,000 spectators. The return leg was played at Maine Road, the home of Manchester United's local rivals Manchester City, as United's stadium, Old Trafford, had not yet been fitted with the necessary floodlighting for evening games. The match finished as a 10\u20130 win for Manchester United, a result that still stands as the club's record win in all competitions. A long run in the European Cup followed, including wins over Borussia Dortmund and Athletic Bilbao and culminating with a semi-final tie against Real Madrid. The first leg took United to the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium, where they were defeated 3\u20131 in front of a record away crowd of 135,000 spectators. However, they were only able to draw 2\u20132 in the second leg back at Old Trafford, and the club's first European season came to an end as Real Madrid went on to record the second of their five consecutive European Cup titles."}
{"id": "doc177995", "text": "The outdoor, indoor (downstairs) and basement scenes were filmed at a location northeast of Evans City, near a park. The basement door (external view) shown in the film was cut into a wall by the production team and led nowhere. As this house was scheduled for demolition, damage during filming was permitted. The site is now a turf farm.[32][33]"}
{"id": "doc180079", "text": "\"Man in the Mirror\" is a song recorded by Michael Jackson, written by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. It peaked at number 1 in the United States when released in January 1988 as the fourth single from his seventh solo album, Bad (1987). It was nominated for Record of the Year at the Grammy Awards."}
{"id": "doc180234", "text": "In April 2014, Warner Bros. set the film for a July 22, 2016 release, alongside Lights Out, but it was then moved by Warner Bros. to February 17, 2017, alongside Maze Runner: The Death Cure.[20] However, The Great Wall, A Cure for Wellness and Fist Fight were also scheduled to be released on that date and Warner Bros. moved the release date from February 17, 2017 to March 24, 2017.[21] The title was changed to King Arthur: Legend of the Sword in July 2016.[22] In December 2016 the release date was again moved, this time to May 12, 2017, possibly so as not to compete with CHiPs.[23][24]"}
{"id": "doc180922", "text": "A total of 129 episodes have been broadcast. All episodes are approximately 22 minutes, without commercials, and are broadcast in both high-definition and standard. The series' episodes are also available for download at the iTunes Store in standard and high-definition qualities, and Amazon Video, with new episodes appearing the day after their live airing. Fox Video on Demand also releases episodes of the show, typically one to two days after their original airing. It can also be found on Hulu, with episodes available the day after their broadcast, and Yahoo! View, with episodes available a week after their broadcast."}
{"id": "doc181195", "text": "Chesapeake Shores is filmed on Vancouver Island's Qualicum Beach and its neighboring town of Parksville, British Columbia. The first season was filmed there from May through July 2016.[37]"}
{"id": "doc181871", "text": "Eratosthenes later rounded the result to a final value of 700 stadia per degree, which implies a circumference of 252,000 stadia, likely for reasons of calculation simplicity as the larger number is evenly divisible by 60.[18] In 2012, Anthony Abreu Mora repeated Eratosthenes's calculation with more accurate data; the result was 40,074\u00a0km, which is 66\u00a0km different (0.16%) from the currently accepted polar circumference of the Earth.[19]"}
{"id": "doc182046", "text": "Production for the season began on July 7, 2011 at the Screen Gems Studios, Wilmington, North Carolina. While further scenes are shot in downtown Wilmington, including Wallace Park and Pure Gold Gentlemen's Club.[19] The Corning manufacturing site on North College Road is also being used as the location for some scenes based in Tree Hill's hospital, police station and TV studio.[20] A two-day shoot for some scenes in the season was also held at Kinston Regional Jetport.[21] Paul Johansson will direct at least one episode in the season.[22] At the Television Critics Association summer press tour, president of entertainment at The CW, Mark Pedowitz said \"At this point it's the final 13,\" about the possibility of extending the season. He added, \"You never want to say never,\" revealing that he did speak to executive producer Mark Schwahn and that they agreed that 13 episodes is the best number to close the series with.[23] One Tree Hill filmed its final scenes on November 16, 2011.[24]"}
{"id": "doc182537", "text": "The Church at Auvers, 1890. Mus\u00c3\u00a9e d'Orsay, Paris. By Vincent van Gogh."}
{"id": "doc182888", "text": "In 2006 PNAS launched a new section of the journal dedicated to sustainability science, an emerging field of research dealing with the interactions between natural and social systems, and with how those interactions affect the challenge of sustainability: meeting the needs of present and future generations while substantially reducing poverty and conserving the planet's life support systems. See the Sustainability Science portal here."}
{"id": "doc183346", "text": "Filmed in Maui, Hawaii. Season four premiered on June 13, 2016."}
{"id": "doc183371", "text": "Casting Began for season 7 on the 22nd January 2018."}
{"id": "doc183948", "text": "\"Superfly Sister\"\nWritten and produced by Michael Jackson\nComposed and arranged by Michael Jackson and Bryan Loren"}
{"id": "doc183950", "text": "\"Is It Scary\"\nWritten and composed by Michael Jackson, James Harris III and Terry Lewis"}
{"id": "doc183955", "text": "\"Earth Song (Hani's Club Experience)\"\nWritten and composed by Michael Jackson"}
{"id": "doc184591", "text": "On July 14, it was announced that German fans had until July 28 to choose their top 30 songs from an extensive pool of 121 tracks; The German version was released on August 22. The German pool list contained almost every song Jackson released in his solo career. Notably expansions on the pool choice included: A larger option of tracks from Thriller 25 and the inclusion of 12 tracks from The Ultimate Collection. There were also 8 tracks included from the singers time in The Jackson 5/Jacksons; slightly more than the other versions.[26][27] The German edition was also released in Switzerland on the same day.[28] In Germany, King of Pop is the fourth most downloaded album of all time.[29]"}
{"id": "doc184609", "text": "\"King of Pop - The Turkish Collection\" was released on November 24."}
{"id": "doc186824", "text": "After years of development for a follow-up film, a thematic sequel, Split, with Willis reprising his role as David Dunn in a cameo role, was released in January 2017. After financial and critical success, Shyamalan immediately began working on a third film, titled Glass, which will be released January 18, 2019.[5]"}
{"id": "doc187226", "text": "Michelangelo referred to these doors as fit to be the Gates of Paradise (It. Porte del Paradiso), and they are still invariably referred to by this name. Giorgio Vasari described them a century later as \"undeniably perfect in every way and must rank as the finest masterpiece ever created\". Ghiberti himself said they were \"the most singular work that I have ever made\"."}
{"id": "doc187232", "text": "Gates of Paradise, The Story of Joseph"}
{"id": "doc187765", "text": "Versions of the game for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 were released on 17 December 2013 and 4 September 2014 respectively.[7] The PlayStation 4 version was announced as a launch title, though it was eventually delayed.[109][110] A version for PS Vita was also released in October 2014.[111] Like the Xbox versions, the PlayStation versions were developed by 4J Studios.[112]"}
{"id": "doc187847", "text": "The lyrics tell the story in much the same way: A young man, despondent and near tears after learning that Sylvia, with whom he'd had an earlier bad breakup, is leaving town, tries to telephone her to say one last good-bye, or at least try to get a suitable explanation as to why their relationship failed and maybe try to rekindle things. However, Sylvia's mother (Mrs. Avery) tells him that Sylvia is engaged to be married, and is trying to start a new life in Galveston. She asks the man not to say anything to her because she might start crying and want to stay. She tells the man Sylvia is hurrying to catch a 9 o'clock train. She then returns to the phone conversation, thanks the (unnamed) narrator for calling. The pathos lies in the singer's awareness that Sylvia is right there with her mother, Sylvia being unaware that he's the man on the phone. Throughout the phone conversation, an operator cuts in to ask for more money (\"40 cents more for the next three minutes\") to continue the call."}
{"id": "doc190275", "text": "On several occasions over three years, the attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios hosted tapings of the syndicated television show for later broadcast."}
{"id": "doc190281", "text": "The Old Man"}
{"id": "doc190325", "text": "Aristotle started documenting deductive reasoning in the 4th century BC.[2]"}
{"id": "doc190628", "text": "Canto IX\nAn angel sent from Heaven secures entry for the poets, opening the gate by touching it with a wand, and rebukes those who opposed Dante. Allegorically, this reveals the fact that the poem is beginning to deal with sins that philosophy and humanism cannot fully understand. Virgil also mentions to Dante how Erichtho sent him down to the lowest circle of Hell to bring back a spirit from there.[51]"}
{"id": "doc190650", "text": "Virgil goes on to explain how the Southern Hemisphere was once covered with dry land, but the land recoiled in horror to the north when Lucifer fell from Heaven and was replaced by the ocean. Meanwhile, the inner rock Lucifer displaced as he plunged into the center of the earth rushed upwards to the surface of the Southern Hemisphere to avoid contact with him, forming the Mountain of Purgatory. This mountain \u2013 the only land mass in the waters of the Southern Hemisphere \u2013 rises above the surface at a point directly opposite Jerusalem. The poets then ascend a narrow chasm of rock through the \"space contained between the floor formed by the convex side of Cocytus and the underside of the earth above,\"[106] moving in opposition to Lethe, the river of oblivion, which flows down from the summit of Mount Purgatory. The poets finally emerge a little before dawn on the morning of Easter Sunday (April 10, 1300 A.D.) beneath a sky studded with stars."}
{"id": "doc190844", "text": "Approximately one hour before Joe's murder, his wife Wendi had called 911 at the behest of a co-worker, claiming that her terminally ill husband was dying. When paramedics arrived however, Wendi turned them away, stating that Joe had a do-not-resuscitate order, and that his wish was to die. Paramedics left the scene. One hour later, Wendi called 911 again, reporting that she had stabbed and beaten her husband to death in self-defense. She also made claims that her husband was physically and psychologically abusive toward her. However, being that Joe was weak from chemotherapy and the sodium azide poisoning, he was unable to defend himself. Wendi was charged with murder.[20]"}
{"id": "doc190988", "text": "A second series of 13 episodes followed, a third series of 8 episodes has been released[10] The first episode aired on 8 May 2015, and the season wrapped up with Episode 8 on 26 June 2015.[11]"}
{"id": "doc191143", "text": "In English: I swear that I will observe the constitution and laws of the Belgian people, preserve the country's independence and protect its territorial integrity. (Article 91 of the Belgian Constitution)"}
{"id": "doc191423", "text": "In the United Kingdom, no formal oath is essential to be taken by the monarch in relation to his or her accession. He or she is, however, required to take an oath regarding the security of the Church of Scotland. At a coronation, the monarch usually takes an oath but as a coronation is inessential, Monarchs need not take a similar oath in order to discharge their duties, as with the case of Edward VIII. The exact wording of the coronation oath of various monarchs has altered throughout the years without statutory authority but remain based on the oath as prescribed by the Coronation Oath Act 1688."}
{"id": "doc191614", "text": "The first season consists of eight episodes,[6] with two episodes adapting each of the first four books of the series.[22] Handler considered this more in line with how he had written the books in the manner of a serialized melodrama, citing The Perils of Pauline as one of his influences in writing the book series.[32] In January 2017, Handler revealed that he was writing the series' second season, to consist of ten episodes adapting the fifth through ninth books of the series. A third season would adapt the remaining novels of the series, which Handler hoped \"to get the go-ahead to do\" since \"given how quickly young actors age and change, we're trying to film everything as quickly as possible.\"[25] In March 2017, Netflix revealed the series had been renewed for a second season by releasing a video on their social media pointing to a viral marketing website, where a letter written by Snicket revealed the decision.[33] A month later, the series was \"quietly\" renewed for a third season.[34]"}
{"id": "doc191638", "text": "At the start of the second season the repaired Jupiter 2 launches into space once more, to escape the destruction of Priplanus following a series of cataclysmic earthquakes, but in the fourth episode the Robinsons crash-land on a strange new world, to become planet-bound again for another season. This replicated the format of the first season, but now the focus of the series was more on humor than on action/adventure, as evidenced by the extreme silliness of Dr. Smith amidst a plethora of unlikely aliens who began appearing on the show, often of a whimsical fantasy-oriented nature. One of these colorful visitors even turned out to be Smith's own cousin, intent on swindling him out of a family inheritance with the assistance of a hostile gambling machine. A new theme tune was recorded by Warren Barker for the second season, but it was decided to retain the original.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc192542", "text": "Universal Pictures has scheduled the film to be released in the United States on June 22, 2018. A sequel is set to be released on June 11, 2021."}
{"id": "doc192755", "text": "The origin of the lateen sail has often been attributed by scholars to the Indian Ocean and its introduction into the Mediterranean traditionally ascribed to the Arab expansion of the early-7th century. This was due mainly to the earliest (at that time) iconographic depictions of lateen rigged ships from the Mediterranean post-dating the Islamic expansion into the Mediterranean basin... It was assumed that the Arab people who invaded the Mediterranean basin in the 7th century carried with them the sailing rig familiar to them. Such theories have been superseded by unequivocal depictions of lateen-rigged Mediterranean sailing vessels which pre-date the Arab invasion.[26][27]"}
{"id": "doc193828", "text": "Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight)"}
{"id": "doc193844", "text": "Regional Finals Sunday"}
{"id": "doc196873", "text": "In community property jurisdictions, a will cannot be used to disinherit a surviving spouse, who is entitled to at least a portion of the testator's estate. In the United States, children may be disinherited by a parent's will, except in Louisiana, where a minimum share is guaranteed to surviving children except in specifically enumerated circumstances[7]. Many civil law countries follow a similar rule. In England and Wales from 1933 to 1975, a will could disinherit a spouse but since the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 such an attempt can be defeated by a court order if it leaves the surviving spouse (or other entitled dependent) without reasonable financial provision."}
{"id": "doc197444", "text": "The fourth season premiered on Monday, March 25, 2013 to a 13.64 million viewer audience, scoring a 4.8 in the 18\u201349 demographic but fell back to a 12.41 million viewer audience. In the 18\u201349 demographic, this first episode had a 4.1 score."}
{"id": "doc198241", "text": "In the mid-2000s, WPIX-TV, Channel 11 in New York City, aired the series in its old Saturday night at 8pm timeslot, pulling surprisingly strong ratings."}
{"id": "doc199491", "text": "The first time the film aired twice in the same year. This was done to switch it to a November date."}
{"id": "doc200940", "text": "Nova, who was separated from Brent after the worship service, gets loose from her guard, and finds Taylor and Brent fighting to the death. She is so stirred by the sight that she speaks for the first time in her life, crying \"Taylor!\" and bringing the fight to a sudden stop. The jailer's concentration broken, Brent and Taylor act, killing him but inadvertently locking themselves in the cell with Nova."}
{"id": "doc201166", "text": "At Tribal Council, Joe went off on the tribe and openly wore his idol from the Levu camp. Before the votes were read, Joe played the idol for himself, but didn't receive any votes, while Ben and Lauren sided with the Heroes & Hustlers to blindside Jessica."}
{"id": "doc201170", "text": "At Tribal Council, Joe reignited his argument with Ben, who subsequently opened up about his time after the Marines. During the vote, Lauren was able to play her advantage without being caught, Cole and Mike joined in the majority alliance's split-vote plan, and the votes were tied at 4 apiece between Joe and Desi while Ben and Lauren each received a stray vote. On the revote, Desi received 7 votes to Joe's 1 and became the first member of the jury."}
{"id": "doc201172", "text": "The team of Chrissy, Cole, Joe, JP, and Mike won the challenge. Joe hoped to use the reward to sway Chrissy and JP to his side, but his efforts were for naught. At camp, Joe capitalised on his tribemates' perception of him as obnoxious and abrasive and called Ashley a goat in order to make them believe he would never win a jury vote at Final Tribal and thus, not be voted out. Ryan told Ben about his idol, and while Ben was excited about his ally finding it instead of Cole, he also realized it would make Ryan a threat to him in the future. Ben told Devon, who started to lose trust in Ryan because he wasn't the only one who knew about Ryan's idol."}
{"id": "doc201173", "text": "Lauren outlasted Cole to win immunity. Back at camp, Ben wanted to split the vote between Cole and Mike, but Chrissy and Ashley were fed up with Joe. Ben was very adamant about wanting to vote out either Cole or Mike, causing some discourse among the majority. After Chrissy was shut down by Ben about Joe's status as a threat despite being widely disliked, she discussed deviating from Ben's plan and voting out Joe with her allies and Mike."}
{"id": "doc201181", "text": "At Tribal Council, Ben continued his charade of being on the outside, but he warned Joe and Mike that they were on the bottom of the new alliance. Before the vote, Ryan played his idol but received only 2 votes. Ultimately, the alliance of 4 stuck together and sent Joe to the jury."}
{"id": "doc203253", "text": "A few changes were made to the script during development, including removing a younger brother of the character Kim. Due to budgetary restraints, a number of scenes were dropped or the locations moved. Costume designers had to fly around to meet the actors' availability, including to New York City to meet with Ed Westwick and Soho, London with Bill Nighy. Both Nighy and Shields wore some of their own items on screen to save the film's budget, including Shields' engagement ring.[6]"}
{"id": "doc203256", "text": "The majority of the cast were English, with Brooke Shields, Sophia Bush and Nicholas Braun being the exceptions.[4] Bill Nighy filmed his scenes over a period of two weeks,[2] and developed a football rivalry with Ed Westwick with the two actors supporting Manchester United and Chelsea respectively.[4] Shields and Braun struck up a friendship during the filming with Shields describing it in interviews as wanting to \"adopt him as my brother\".[6]"}
{"id": "doc203684", "text": "A flashback then shows Natalie cuddling with Matt in his trailer. Unexpectedly, his security colleagues barge into the trailer after a night of hard drinking. Pete, a particularly vulgar crew member, taunts them and tries to sexually assault Natalie, which provokes Matt to violence. The guards retaliate by beating Matt down while Pete rapes Natalie. When Matt attempts to fight back, the group beats him to death, giving Natalie the opportunity to escape."}
{"id": "doc204120", "text": "Button up your lip there big boy\nStop answerin' back\nGive you a tip there big boy\nAnnounce yourself jack"}
{"id": "doc204171", "text": "Opposition (219)\nUnited Progressive Alliance (53)"}
{"id": "doc206040", "text": "The development of railroads in the eastern part of the state during the mid-19th century led to a boom in lumber production in the 1880s. This era of financial success lasted approximately 50 years finally coming to an end as Texas' forests were decimated and the Great Depression dropped prices.[19]"}
{"id": "doc206444", "text": "Over the years, the song gained cult status as a ballad favorite for Jackson 5 fans and fans of Motown in general."}
{"id": "doc207176", "text": "One year before the start of the California Gold Rush, the Panama Railroad Company was formed, but the railroad did not begin full operation until 1855. Between 1848 and 1869, the year the first transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States, about 375,000 persons crossed the isthmus from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and 225,000 in the opposite direction. That traffic greatly increased the prosperity of the city during that period."}
{"id": "doc207271", "text": "The genus contains seven species, and seven subspecies.[1]"}
{"id": "doc207464", "text": "The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne."}
{"id": "doc207731", "text": "Evaluate the condition, and only if it is true, then it execute the remainder of the command line Otherwise, it skips the remainder of the line and continues with next command line."}
{"id": "doc207871", "text": "Dante meets and converses with several great saints of the Church, including Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, Saint Peter, and St. John. The Paradiso is consequently more theological in nature than the Inferno and the Purgatorio. However, Dante admits that the vision of heaven he receives is merely the one his human eyes permit him to see, and thus the vision of heaven found in the Cantos is Dante's personal vision."}
{"id": "doc207896", "text": "A live-action film adaptation is underway at Paramount Pictures and is scheduled for an August 2, 2019 release.[2]"}
{"id": "doc208245", "text": "Snippets of voices between and over the music are another notable feature of the album.  During recording sessions, Waters recruited both the staff and the temporary occupants of the studio to answer a series of questions printed on flashcards.  The interviewees were placed in front of a microphone in a darkened Studio 3,[47] and shown such questions as \"What's your favourite colour?\" and \"What's your favourite food?\", before moving on to themes more central to the album (such as madness, violence, and death).  Questions such as \"When was the last time you were violent?\", followed immediately by \"Were you in the right?\", were answered in the order they were presented.[7] Roger \"The Hat\" Manifold proved difficult to find, and was the only contributor recorded in a conventional sit-down interview, as by then the flashcards had been mislaid.  Waters asked him about a violent encounter he had had with another motorist, and Manifold replied \"...\u00a0give 'em a quick, short, sharp shock\u00a0...\" When asked about death he responded \"live for today, gone tomorrow, that's me\u00a0...\"[48]  Another roadie, Chris Adamson, who was on tour with Pink Floyd, recorded the snippet which opens the album: \"I've been mad for fucking years \u2013 absolutely years\".[49]  The band's road manager Peter Watts (father of actress Naomi Watts)[50] contributed the repeated laughter during \"Brain Damage\" and \"Speak to Me\".  His second wife, Patricia \"Puddie\" Watts (now Patricia Gleason), was responsible for the line about the \"geezer\" who was \"cruisin' for a bruisin'\" used in the segue between \"Money\" and \"Us and Them\", and the words \"I never said I was frightened of dying\" heard halfway through \"The Great Gig in the Sky\".[51]"}
{"id": "doc208540", "text": "The current format of the tournament involves seven teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation over a period of about two weeks; the winners of that year's AFC Champions League (Asia), CAF Champions League (Africa), CONCACAF Champions League (North America), Copa Libertadores (South America), OFC Champions League (Oceania) and UEFA Champions League (Europe), along with the host nation's national champions, participate in a straight knock-out tournament. The host nation's national champions dispute a play-off against the Oceania champions, from which the winner joins the champions of Asia, Africa and North America at the quarter-finals. The quarter-final winners go on to face the European and South American champions, who enter at the semi-final stage, for a place in the final."}
{"id": "doc208541", "text": "The current champions are Spain's Real Madrid, who defeated Japan's Kashima Antlers 4\u00e2\u20ac\u201c2 in the final of the 2016 edition, to win a second title in the competition. European teams have been the most successful, with nine titles."}
{"id": "doc209865", "text": "On 13 August 1914, the Irish regiment the Connaught Rangers were witnessed singing \"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\" as they marched through Boulogne by the Daily Mail correspondent George Curnock, who reported the event in that newspaper on 18 August 1914. The song was then picked up by other units of the British Army. In November 1914, it was sung in a pantomime by the well-known music hall singer Florrie Forde, which helped contribute to its worldwide popularity.[110] Another song from 1916, which became very popular as a music hall and marching song, boosting British morale despite the horrors of that war, was \"Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag\".[111]"}
{"id": "doc210026", "text": "In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefstr\u00f6m rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores. Later that same year, Friedrich W\u00f6hler confirmed del R\u00edo's earlier work.[4] Sefstr\u00f6m chose a name beginning with V, which had not been assigned to any element yet. He called the element vanadium after Old Norse Vanad\u00eds (another name for the Norse Vanr goddess Freyja, whose attributes include beauty and fertility), because of the many beautifully colored chemical compounds it produces.[4] In 1831, the geologist George William Featherstonhaugh suggested that vanadium should be renamed \"rionium\" after del R\u00edo, but this suggestion was not followed.[5]"}
{"id": "doc211209", "text": "The relationship between the three domains is of central importance for understanding the origin of life. Most of the metabolic pathways, which are the object of the majority of an organism's genes, are common between Archaea and Bacteria, while most genes involved in genome expression are common between Archaea and Eukarya.[67] Within prokaryotes, archaeal cell structure is most similar to that of gram-positive bacteria, largely because both have a single lipid bilayer[68] and usually contain a thick sacculus (exoskeleton) of varying chemical composition.[69] In some phylogenetic trees based upon different gene/protein sequences of prokaryotic homologs, the archaeal homologs are more closely related to those of gram-positive bacteria.[68] Archaea and gram-positive bacteria also share conserved indels in a number of important proteins, such as Hsp70 and glutamine synthetase\u00c2\u00a0I;,[68][70] but the phylogeny of these genes was interpreted to reveal interdomain gene transfer,[71][72] and might not reflect the organismal relationship(s)."}
{"id": "doc211230", "text": "Transcription in archaea more closely resembles eukaryotic than bacterial transcription, with the archaeal RNA polymerase being very close to its equivalent in eukaryotes;[129] while archaeal translation shows signs of both bacterial and eukaryal equivalents.[143] Although archaea only have one type of RNA polymerase, its structure and function in transcription seems to be close to that of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II, with similar protein assemblies (the general transcription factors) directing the binding of the RNA polymerase to a gene's promoter,[144] but other archaeal transcription factors are closer to those found in bacteria.[145] Post-transcriptional modification is simpler than in eukaryotes, since most archaeal genes lack introns, although there are many introns in their transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA genes,[146] and introns may occur in a few protein-encoding genes.[147][148]"}
{"id": "doc211896", "text": "\"Beauty and the Beast\" was written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken in 1990.[6] Intending for the song to be \"the height of simplicity\",[7] the songwriters drew much of its influence from Broadway music.[8] Due to Ashman's failing health, some of Beauty and the Beast's pre-production was relocated to a hotel in Fishkill, New York near Ashman's residence to accommodate the ailing lyricist.[9] Out of all the songs he has written for Beauty and the Beast, Menken devoted the most time to the title song.[7] The track was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury, who voices the character Mrs. Potts, an enchanted teapot. The songwriters first introduced \"Beauty and the Beast\" to Lansbury as a demo recording, which was accompanied by a note asking her if she might possibly be interested in singing it.[10] Although a seasoned film and stage performer who had previously done her own singing for Disney in the musical film Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971),[11] Lansbury, who was more accustomed to performing uptempo songs,[12] was hesitant to record the ballad because of its unfamiliar rock style.[13] Although she liked the song,[14] Lansbury also worried that her aging singing voice was no longer strong enough to record \"Beauty and the Beast\",[15] and was especially concerned about having to sustain its longer notes.[16] Lansbury suggested that the songwriters ask someone else to sing \"Beauty and the Beast\",[17] but they insisted that she simply \"sing the song the way [she] envisioned it.\"[13]"}
{"id": "doc211906", "text": "The original film version of \"Beauty and the Beast\" performed by Lansbury was written in the key of G-flat major at a \"moderately slow\" tempo of 84 beats per minute (Andante),[74] at a duration of two minutes and forty-six seconds.[75] An \"eloquent\"[76] rock-influenced[13] pop song with a \"calm\" and \"lilting\" melody,[77][78] Stephen Whitty of NJ.com described \"Beauty and the Beast\" as a \"Broadway ballad.\"[79] Film critic Roger Ebert described the song's melody as \"haunting\",[80] while Entertainment Weekly's Lisa Schwarzbaum dubbed the song as a \"lullaby\".[30] The Disney Song Encyclopedia author Thomas S. Hischak described Menken's melody as \"flowing\",[81] while BuzzFeed's Aylin Zafar wrote that the song is \"Tender and warm.\"[82] Writing for the Chicago Tribune, Gene Siskel described Lansbury's voice, which spans two octaves from B\u266d3 to E\u266d5,[74] as \"richly textured\".[83] Meanwhile, Michael Cheang of The Star and Bill Gibron of PopMatters wrote that Lansbury performed using a \"fragile\"[32] \"calm, motherly\" tone.[84] Instrumentally, \"Beauty and the Beast\" features several chord changes, woodwinds,[85] and violins.[86] GamesRadar observed that \"Beauty and the Beast\" includes a key change during which \"the music swells, and then the orchestra subsides to leave just trembling violins.\"[86] Describing the ballad as \"soaring\", TV Guide compared \"Beauty and the Beast\" to \"Shall We Dance?\" from the musical The King and I.[87]"}
{"id": "doc211912", "text": "\"Beauty and the Beast\" has won several awards. The song garnered the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 49th Golden Globe Awards in January 1992.[132] The following March, \"Beauty and the Beast\" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards.[133] The award was for Ashman, who had died of AIDS on March 14, 1991,[134][135] eight months before the film's release.[136] Menken acknowledged Ashman in his acceptance speech, while thanking Lansbury, Dion, Bryson and Afanasieff for their contributions.[133] Ashman's domestic partner Bill Lauch accepted the award on his behalf.[133] The following year, \"Beauty and the Beast\" garnered two wins out of eight nominations at the 35th Grammy Awards,[137] one for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television.[138] An instrumental version arranged and conducted by Richard S. Kaufman won the 1993 Grammy for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. This rendition was performed by the Nurenberg Symphony Orchestra for the album Symphonic Hollywood, under the record company Varese Sarabande.[139] The James Galway instrumental movie version performed by The Galway Pops Orchestra and featured on the album Galway at the Movies[140] was nominated in 1994 for the Best Pop Instrumental Performance Grammy.[141]"}
{"id": "doc211923", "text": "At the 1992 Oscars, Angela Lansbury, Celine Dion, and Peabo Bryson sang a composite of both versions from the film, backed by dancers dressed as Belle and the Beast.[190] Celine and Peabo also duetted at the Grammys,[191] World Music Awards,[192] AMA's,[193] Wogan,[194] The Tonight Show,[195] and Top of the Pops[196] later that year. The duo reunited in 1996 to perform the song for the television special Oprah in Disneyland,[197] while Lansbury provided an encore performance at the 25th Anniversary screening of the film.[198] Each of the 3 respective artists have performed the song in concerts later in their careers, outside the context of Disney's Beauty and the Beast. For example, Lansbury sang it at the 2002 Christmas concert with Mormon Tabernacle Choir.[199] Similarly, Dion and Bryson duetted at the JT Super Producers 94 tribute concert to David Foster,[200] and as part of Dion's 1994-95 The Colour of My Love Tour,[201] though they have also often sung with different duet partners. Dion has sung with Tommy K\u00f6rberg,[202] Brian McKnight,[203] Terry Bradford,[204] Maurice Davis,[205] Barnev Valsaint,[206] and Ren\u00e9 Froger[207] among others; Peabo has sung with Coko[208] and Regine Velasquez.[209]"}
{"id": "doc211929", "text": "The song appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, which premiered in 1994.[278] When the song first premiered on Broadway, there were few Broadway musicals at the time that featured ballads about love.[279] Originally covered live by actress Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts,[280] \"Beauty and the Beast\" was included on the Original Broadway Cast Recording of the musical, again performed by Fowler.[281][282] While critical reception towards the musical ranged from negative to mixed, John Simon of New York commended Fowler for \"manag[ing] to heat up and brighten [her] material\".[283] Within the realm of reality television talent competitions, \"Beauty and the Beast\" was covered on The Voice Australia by contestants Lionel Cole and Sabrina Batshon in 2014.[284] Candice Barnes of The Sydney Morning Herald reviewed that the \"song suited Sabrina best\" while it was \"too high\" for Cole, in the end accusing both contestants of \"destroying one of the best loved Disney songs with their vocal gymnastics.\"[285]"}
{"id": "doc211935", "text": "Both the song's film and single versions have been included on several compilation albums released by Disney, including The Music of Disney: A Legacy in Song (1992),[326] Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic (1995), Disney's Superstar Hits (2004),[327] Ultimate Disney Princess (2006), The Best Disney Album in the World ...Ever! (2006), and Now That's What I Call Disney (2011). In 2005, actress and singer Julie Andrews, a Disney Legend, included Lansbury's rendition of \"Beauty and the Beast\" on her album Julie Andrews Selects Her Favorite Disney Songs, although she does not cover the song herself;[328] the album is a simply compilation of Andrews' favourite Disney songs.[329]"}
{"id": "doc212271", "text": "Actresses who were considered for the role of Bridget Jones were Helena Bonham Carter,[7] Cate Blanchett,[7] Emily Watson,[8] Rachel Weisz[9] and Cameron Diaz.[10] Toni Collette declined the role because she was on Broadway starring in The Wild Party at the time.[11] Kate Winslet[7] was also considered, but the producers decided she was too young. Zellweger's participation to the film was announced in late May 2000 which concluded a two-year search. Producer Eric Fellner explained that she \"brings enormous character and conviction to the part\".[12] Maguire said of Zellweger, \"I saw in Renee a gift few people have, that she was able to straddle comedy and emotion.\"[7] Zellweger worked on her accent with  Barbara Berkery, who had helped Gwyneth Paltrow for Shakespeare in Love.[7] She also gained 20 pounds for the part.[13] To prepare for the role, Zellweger worked at the producers' request at London book publishers Picador as a trainee in the publicity department.[6] Before the film was released, a considerable amount of controversy surrounded the casting of the American Zellweger as what some saw as a quintessentially British heroine.[14][15] However, her performance, including her south-eastern English accent, is widely considered to be of a high standard.[16][17][18] In July 2000, the leading male roles were given to Colin Firth and Hugh Grant.[19] The director of the film, Sharon Maguire, is one of Fielding's friends, on whom the film's character \"Shazza\" or \"Shazzer\" (English shorthand for Sharon[20]) was reportedly based. In the film, Shazza is played by Sally Phillips."}
{"id": "doc212631", "text": "Total solar eclipses are rare events. Although they occur somewhere on Earth every 18 months on average,[33] it is estimated that they recur at any given place only once every 360 to 410 years, on average.[34] The total eclipse lasts for only a maximum of a few minutes at any location, because the Moon's umbra moves eastward at over 1700\u00a0km/h.[35] Totality currently can never last more than 7\u00a0min 32\u00a0s. This value changes over the millennia and is currently decreasing. By the 8th millennium, the longest theoretically possible total eclipse will be less than 7\u00a0min 2\u00a0s.[30] The last time an eclipse longer than 7 minutes occurred was June 30, 1973 (7 min 3 sec). Observers aboard a Concorde supersonic aircraft were able to stretch totality for this eclipse to about 74 minutes by flying along the path of the Moon's umbra.[36] The next total eclipse exceeding seven minutes in duration will not occur until June 25, 2150. The longest total solar eclipse during the 11,000 year period from 3000 BC to at least 8000 AD will occur on July 16, 2186, when totality will last 7\u00a0min 29\u00a0s.[30][37] For comparison, the longest total eclipse of the 20th century at 7\u00a0min 8\u00a0s occurred on June 20, 1955, and there are no total solar eclipses over 7\u00a0min in duration in the 21st century.[38]"}
{"id": "doc212860", "text": "On March 23, 2018, the first trailer for the series was released by Nickelodeon.[22]"}
{"id": "doc212899", "text": "Following his termination, Ben takes some time to \"explore his interests\" which consists of him remaining in his house and attempting various hobbies like making calzones and stop motion films. His appearance becomes unkempt and after a visit from Chris, he realizes that despite convincing himself otherwise he's unhappy without some sort of direction in his life. After Leslie's campaign flops at the ice rink, Ann resigns (eagerly) from being Leslie's campaign manager and Leslie asks Ben to run her campaign given his experience with local politics. Ben takes over the duties of running Leslie's campaign for city council and helps turn the campaign around, making it competitive with Bobby Newport's bid for city office. Ben manages to secure the endorsement of Pawnee's retiring police chief and improve Leslie's likability at a bowling event (despite the spectacle of having punched a man who called Leslie 'a bitch'). In \"Dave Returns\", it is revealed that not only is Ben socially awkward around police officers, but he is afraid of them, saying \"I am not afraid of cops. I have no reason to be. I never break any laws ever because I'm deathly afraid of cops.\""}
{"id": "doc212903", "text": "Ben remains city manager, and is planning the Pawnee Bicentennial. This, along with greatly improving the economy of Pawnee, gets him the award for Man of the Year. He and Leslie have triplets, two boys and one girl, whom they have named Stephen, Wesley, and Sonia. In The Johnny Karate Super Awesome Musical Explosion Show, Ben was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire by His Royal Excellence Lord Edgar Darby Covington, 14th Earl of Cornwall-Upon-Thames and 29th Baron of Hertfordshire. After being contacted by Jennifer Barkley, and with Leslie's full support, he decides to run for Congress in 2018. While campaigning, he earns IOW's Woman of the Year award for giving Leslie room to speak her mind instead of reading scripted speeches. Through a series of flash-forwards in the final episode, it is revealed that Ben's congressional campaign was successful and is now a representative from Indiana for the House of Representatives. In 2025, he and Leslie are both given the opportunity to run as Governor of Indiana, Ben ultimately decides to let Leslie run (which she wins). By 2048, it is implied that at least one of them has been elected President of the United States, with Ben wearing a flag lapel pin and being acknowledged first by someone who appeared to be a member of the Secret Service."}
{"id": "doc213075", "text": "Likewise for elections to provincial assemblies, Punjab has 297 constituencies, Sindh 130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 99 and Balochistan 51."}
{"id": "doc213101", "text": "Despite rejecting the results of the election due to alleged rigging, the Pakistan Muslim League (N) made the decision to take oath in the elected assemblies for the sake of democracy, conceding that Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Imran Khan was likely to be the Prime Minister. Hence, the government formation at the federal level was left to the PTI alone.[126]"}
{"id": "doc214269", "text": "The Sunflower (originally the Heliotrope), ever since the myth of Clytie, has \"been an emblem of the faithful subject\". It has been an emblem of this in three or four ways: 1) the \"image of a soul devoted to the god or God, originally a Platonic concept\" (see below); 2) \"an image of the Virgin devoted to Christ\"; or 3) \"an image - in the strictly Ovidian sense - of the lover devoted to the beloved\". (The authors of these quotes have pointed out that it has also stood as an emblem for the art of painting).[17] The speaker's personification of an inanimate flower suggests that the soul (a word to be used with caution in Blake) or lover, (options 1 or 3 in the list above), or both, is intended."}
{"id": "doc214275", "text": "George Mills Harper[30] suggests that the impetus for Blake's creation of \"Ah! Sun-flower\" came from his reading of Thomas Taylor's introduction to and translation of The Hymns of Orpheus (1792). Through the words of Plotinus, everything in the universe participates in the \"first good\", symbolized by the Sun. Blake said that \"every natural effect has a spiritual cause\":[31] the Sunflower's apparent following of the movement of the Sun is not just a natural effect, but is also the result of divine nature attracting the souls of plants and, as with the Youth and Virgin, human beings. For Taylor and Blake (who may have known Taylor as well as read him), material life is like a prison: the Sunflower and the humans, who are literally and figuratively rooted to and buried within the materialistic earth, wish to escape to divine eternity."}
{"id": "doc215360", "text": "Animation of Earth as seen daily from the Sun looking at UTC+02:00, showing the solstice and changing seasons."}
{"id": "doc216328", "text": "The show doesn't technically take place anywhere....we like to think it's anywhere. We don't really say exactly where it is."}
{"id": "doc216330", "text": "Many of the locations were filmed in San Fernando Valley in California. In the season 1 episode \"The Professor\", Earl receives a postcard from Alex with the address \"Earl Hickey, The Palms Hotel RM 231, 9005 Lincoln Blvd, Camden USA\" with Earl's hand covering up most of the postmark. The Palms Motel structure is actually a motel in North Hills, California, now named the Palm Tree Inn Motel. It was also used to film other shows and films such as Gilmore Girls, The Mentalist, and Heroes.[7][8][9][10] Exterior shots of the Crab Shack and Club Chubby were also taken from locations in Van Nuys and North Hills.[6] Houses and shops for the various characters come from locations in Van Nuys, Santa Clarita, Northridge, Moorpark, Los Angeles, and other Southern California cities.[11][12][13] In the episode \"Didn't Pay Taxes\", Earl and Randy climb the landmark Artesia water tower, although they do not refer to it by name.[14]"}
{"id": "doc216426", "text": "Eragrostideae tribe\u00c2\u00a0:"}
{"id": "doc216986", "text": "Brazil went 24 years without winning a World Cup or even participating in a final. Their struggles ended at the 1994 tournament in the United States, where a solid side headed by Rom\u00e1rio, Bebeto, Dunga, Cl\u00e1udio Taffarel and Jorginho won the World Cup for a then-record fourth time. Highlights of their campaign included a 1\u20130 victory over the United States in the round of 16 in San Francisco, a 3\u20132 win over the Netherlands in the quarter-finals in Dallas, and a 1\u20130 victory over Sweden in the semi-finals in Los Angeles. This set up Brazil vs. Italy in the final once again in Los Angeles, which was less than 2,000 miles away from Mexico City, where Brazil had won their previous World Cup in 1970, ironically after beating Italy. After a 0\u20130 draw, penalty kicks loomed and Brazil became champions once again."}
{"id": "doc218667", "text": "Arrow follows billionaire playboy Oliver Queen (Stephen Amell), who, after five years of being stranded on a hostile island, returns home to his mother, Moira Queen (Susanna Thompson) and sister, Thea Queen (Willa Holland) and becomes a bow and arrow-wielding vigilante. He is initially aided by his friends, John Diggle (David Ramsey) and Felicity Smoak (Emily Bett Rickards), and later aspiring vigilantes Roy Harper (Colton Haynes), Ray Palmer (Brandon Routh), Curtis Holt (Echo Kellum), Rene Ramirez (Rick Gonzalez), Evelyn Sharp (Madison McLaughlin), Rory Regan (Joe Dinicol), and Dinah Drake (Juliana Harkavy) join them. In addition, Queen's team receives help from the Lance family; Laurel (Katie Cassidy), Sara (Caity Lotz), and Quentin (Paul Blackthorne), sharing the goal of bringing justice to Starling City (later, Star City). The series also featured flashbacks in most episodes in the first five seasons to the time Queen was missing, and how his experiences there shaped him into the man who returned home to fight crime."}
{"id": "doc218928", "text": "Clarke received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013, 2015, and 2016.[34][35][36] She was also nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the role in 2013 and 2016.[37][38] Other nominations include the Golden Nymph Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series in 2012,[39] the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film in 2013, the People's Choice Award for Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress in 2014, 2016 and 2017,[40][41] the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television in 2015,[42] the Gold Derby TV Award for Best Drama Supporting Actress in 2013 and 2014,[43][44] and the MTV Movie & TV Award for Best Actor In A Show in 2017.[45] IGN also nominated Clarke for Best TV Actress in 2011.[46]"}
{"id": "doc219605", "text": "The first trailer was released on December 21, 2016.[10] The film was released on April 28, 2017 by Lionsgate's Pantelion Films.[11]"}
{"id": "doc220663", "text": "Remnants of the fetal circulation can be found in the adult.[4][5]"}
{"id": "doc220990", "text": "The hymn text forms an allegory for the journey of a Christian throughout their life on earth requiring the Redeemer's guidance and ending at the gates of Heaven (the verge of Jordan) and end of time (death of death and hell's destruction)."}
{"id": "doc221471", "text": "The song was featured in Stanley Kubrick's 1987 film Full Metal Jacket."}
{"id": "doc221817", "text": "Mrs Downey's husband Joe died of consumption. He was a union member for seventeen years."}
{"id": "doc222277", "text": "Episodes vary in length, from thirty-five to fifty minutes. New episodes were originally available weekly, but partway through the first season the schedule was revised to every other week."}
{"id": "doc223538", "text": "The Vice President of the United States (informally referred to as VPOTUS, or Veep) is a constitutional officer in the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States as the President of the Senate under Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, of the United States Constitution, as well as the second highest executive branch officer, after the President of the United States.[3] In accordance with the 25th Amendment, he is the highest-ranking official in the presidential line of succession, and is a statutory member of the National Security Council under the National Security Act of 1947."}
{"id": "doc224051", "text": "Alice in Wonderland and Dumbo were among the first movies to be released on home video. Keeping the \"tradition\" of their success on television is therefore its seldom theatrical releases; they were among the first Disney films to be released on TV (chosen because Dumbo's short length made it palatable, and Alice because it was initially a disappointment). Disney has kept a \"tradition\" of keeping them out of the vault, despite the fact that they are very successful and critically acclaimed, equivocal to that of movie in the Disney Vault. However, at the end of the 2000s they were both announced to be released in on Platinum/Diamond edition.[3][4] Today they are currently available on digital and occasionally on certain steaming devices but are incredibly hard to find in stores."}
{"id": "doc224101", "text": "In some monarchies, such as Saudi Arabia, succession to the throne usually first passes to the monarch's next eldest brother and so on through his other brothers, and only after them to the monarch's children (agnatic seniority). In some other monarchies (e.g. Jordan), the monarch chooses who will be his successor within the royal family, who need not necessarily be his eldest son."}
{"id": "doc224770", "text": "By early 1919 the living male-line British descendants of Victoria subject to British rule were King George V, his five sons, his daughter Princess Mary, his unmarried sister Princess Victoria, his uncle Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, his cousin Prince Arthur of Connaught, his cousin once removed Prince Alastair of Connaught, and his unmarried cousin Princess Patricia of Connaught. Prince Alastair and Princess Victoria died unmarried and childless. Princess Mary married into the Lascelles family, and Princess Patricia married Alexander Ramsay. Neither of the Prince Arthurs had any further children, meaning all subsequent members of the House of Windsor descend from the sons of George V."}
{"id": "doc225047", "text": "The earliest appearance of the term is found in King Alfred's writing in the ninth century AD. Originally this term simply referred to the \"aperture at the centre of the human eye\" viz. the pupil. [2]"}
{"id": "doc225655", "text": "There are other forms that FinCEN requires businesses and individuals to file. These include:[3]"}
{"id": "doc225707", "text": "In some audios, the Master has used a staser pistol rather than the TCE."}
{"id": "doc226659", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2017.[20][21][22] Prior to the festival, A24 acquired worldwide distribution rights to the film.[23] It was released on July 7, 2017.[24]"}
{"id": "doc227150", "text": "In season two, Oliver has vowed to stop crime without killing criminals, and comes under attack from Slade Wilson (Manu Bennett), a man from Oliver's time on the island who resurfaces with a vendetta against him. Oliver must also contend with outside forces attempting to take over Queen Consolidated, guilt from decisions he made in the past, and secrets harbored by his family and friends. Oliver grows to accept aspiring vigilante Roy Harper (Colton Haynes) as his prot\u00e9g\u00e9, and begins to receive assistance from Laurel's father, Officer Quentin Lance (Paul Blackthorne). Oliver also gains another ally; a mysterious woman in black, who is eventually revealed to be Laurel's sister, Sara Lance (Caity Lotz), who had survived her ordeal at sea years prior."}
{"id": "doc227392", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on September 1, 2017.[6] It was released on September 29, 2017.[7]"}
{"id": "doc228166", "text": "The heart is a four-chambered organ consisting of right and left halves. The upper two chambers, the left and right atria, are entry-points into the heart, while the lower two chambers, the left and right ventricles, are responsible for contractions that send the blood through the circulation. The circulation is split into the pulmonary and systemic circulation. The role of the right ventricle is to pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries. The role of the left ventricle is to pump newly oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta."}
{"id": "doc229804", "text": "17 Jesus replied, \u201cBlessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. 18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.\u201d 20 Then he ordered his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah.[4]"}
{"id": "doc230376", "text": "Under Constantine, Christianity did not become the exclusive religion of the state, but enjoyed imperial preference, because the emperor supported it with generous privileges. Constantine established the principle that emperors could not settle questions of doctrine on their own, but should summon instead general ecclesiastical councils for that purpose. His convening of both the Synod of Arles and the First Council of Nicaea indicated his interest in the unity of the Church, and showcased his claim to be its head.[28] The rise of Christianity was briefly interrupted on the accession of the emperor Julian in 361, who made a determined effort to restore polytheism throughout the empire and was thus dubbed \"Julian the Apostate\" by the Church.[29] However this was reversed when Julian was killed in battle in 363.[30]"}
{"id": "doc230471", "text": "Despite the occasionally derogatory use of the terms \"Byzantine\" and \"Byzantinism\", the Byzantine bureaucracy had a distinct ability for reconstituting itself in accordance with the Empire's situation. The elaborate system of titulature and precedence gave the court prestige and influence. Officials were arranged in strict order around the emperor, and depended upon the imperial will for their ranks. There were also actual administrative jobs, but authority could be vested in individuals rather than offices.[183]"}
{"id": "doc230557", "text": "By 1900, although the Congress had emerged as an all-India political organisation, it did not have the support of most Indian Muslims.[35] Attacks by Hindu reformers against religious conversion, cow slaughter, and the preservation of Urdu in Arabic script deepened their concerns of minority status and denial of rights if the Congress alone were to represent the people of India. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan launched a movement for Muslim regeneration that culminated in the founding in 1875 of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (renamed Aligarh Muslim University in 1920).  Its objective was to educate wealthy students by emphasising the compatibility of Islam with modern western knowledge.  The diversity among India's Muslims, however, made it impossible to bring about uniform cultural and intellectual regeneration."}
{"id": "doc230816", "text": "Filming of volcano scenes at the Harriet hole in Dinorwic Slate Quarry in Wales wrapped at the end of July.[24] This slate quarry has also been used for locations for Willow and Street Fighter.[25]"}
{"id": "doc231144", "text": "While watching a political talk show, Motss gets frustrated that the media are crediting the president's upsurge in the polls to the bland campaign slogan of \"Don't change horses in mid-stream\" rather than Motss's hard work. Despite previously claiming he was inspired by the challenge, Motss announces that he wants credit and will reveal his involvement, despite Brean's offer of an ambassadorship and the dire warning that he is \"playing with his life\". After Motss refuses to back down, Brean reluctantly orders his security staff to kill him. A newscast reports that Motss has died of a heart attack at home, the president was successfully re-elected, and an Albanian terrorist organization has claimed responsibility for a recent bombing."}
{"id": "doc231271", "text": "Article One, Section Eight, of the Constitution permits the establishment of a \"District (not exceeding ten\u00a0miles\u00a0square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States\".[13] However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital. In what is now known as the Compromise of 1790, Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson came to an agreement that the federal government would pay each state's remaining Revolutionary War debts in exchange for establishing the new national capital in the southern United States.[14][a]"}
{"id": "doc231833", "text": "In 2011, Robin Williams recorded an audiobook for Van Allsburg's book's 30th edition to coincide its release.[50]"}
{"id": "doc232625", "text": "The Latin and Eastern Catholic Churches consider the Pope of Rome to be the single Vicar of Christ, successor of Saint Peter, and leader of all their bishops (Patriarchs included), in Apostolic succession to the Apostles. As such, the Roman Catholic Church does not see the Pope merely as being \"first among equals,\" but as actually holding an office with supreme authority in canon law over all other bishops. This jurisdictional claim was one of the main causes of the East-West Schism in the Church, which became formal in 1054."}
{"id": "doc232627", "text": "Various (archi)episcopal sees were granted and/or claim the title of Primate (usually of a past and/or present political entity), which grants such a primas (usually a Metropolitan archbishopric, often in a former/present capital) precedence over all other sees in its circumscription, outranking (other) Metropolitan sees, but the incumbent Primates can be trumped by personal ranks, as they rank below Cardinals. More commonly, dioceses are geographically grouped in an ecclesiastical province, where only one holds the rank of Metropolitan Archbishop, which outranks his colleagues, who are therefore called his suffragans, even if these include (fairly rarely) another Archbishop."}
{"id": "doc233547", "text": "Pennsylvania played a central role in the American Revolution, and Philadelphia served as the nation's capital for a portion of the 18th century. It was the second most populous state in the country from the 18th century into the 20th century, and Philadelphia was the second most populous city in the nation. Pennsylvania also expanded its borders into northwestern, northeastern, and southwestern Pennsylvania, and Pittsburgh grew into one of America's largest and most prominent cities. The state played an important role in the Union's victory in the American Civil War. After the war, Pennsylvania grew into a Republican stronghold and a major manufacturing and transportation center. After the Great Depression and World War II, Pennsylvania moved towards the service industry and became a swing state."}
{"id": "doc233582", "text": "Prior to and during the Civil War, Pennsylvania was a divided state. Although Pennsylvania had outlawed slavery, many conservative Pennsylvanians believed that the federal government should not interfere with the institution of slavery. One such individual was Democrat James Buchanan, the last pre-Civil War president. Buchanan's party had generally won presidential and gubernatorial elections in Pennsylvania. However, the nascent Republican Party's first convention took place in Philadelphia, and the 1860 elections saw the Republican Party win the state's presidential vote and the governor's office. After the failure of the Crittenden Compromise, the secession of the South, and the Battle of Fort Sumter, the Civil War began with Pennsylvania as a key member of the Union. Despite the Republican victory the 1860 election, Democrats remained powerful in the state, and several \"copperheads\" called for peace during the war. The Democrats re-took control of the state legislature in the 1862 election, but incumbent Republican Governor Andrew Curtin retained control of the governorship in 1863. In the 1864 election, President Lincoln narrowly defeated Pennsylvania native George B. McClellan for the state's electoral votes.[40]"}
{"id": "doc233596", "text": "The Republican lock on Pennsylvania was permanently broken in the era after World War II, and Pennsylvania became a somewhat less powerful state in terms of electoral votes and number of House seats. Pennsylvania adopted its fifth and current constitution in 1968; the new constitution established a unified judicial system and allows governors and the other statewide elected officials to serve two consecutive terms.[53] Between 1954 and 2012, each party consistently won two straight gubernatorial elections before ceding control to the other party. In presidential elections, the Republican Party won Pennsylvania in seven of the eleven elections between 1948 and 1988, but Democrats have won the state in every presidential election from 1992 to 2012. When Democratic presidential nominee Hubert Humphrey won Pennsylvania's electoral votes in 1968, he became the first non-Republican since 1824 to win Pennsylvania's votes without winning the presidential election. After having the second most electoral votes since the 18th century, Pennsylvania was eclipsed in electoral votes by California in 1964. Texas and Florida also now have more electoral votes, while New York also has more electoral votes and Illinois has the same number of electoral votes (and a slightly larger population). As of 2014, Pennsylvania is generally considered to be an important swing state in both presidential and congressional elections, and Pennsylvania has a Cook PVI of D+1. Since the 1990s, Republicans have usually controlled both houses of the legislature, while candidates from both parties have been elected to the statewide offices of governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, treasurer, and auditor general. Democrats generally win the cities and Republicans win the rural areas, with the suburbs voting for both parties and often acting as the key swing areas.[54]"}
{"id": "doc233794", "text": "The wood-chopping scene in Lonesome Polecat was filmed in a single take.[6]"}
{"id": "doc234680", "text": "Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization that followed was resisted by Shia who saw it as \"Sunnification\" as the laws and regulations were based on Sunni fiqh. In July 1980, 25,000 Shia protested the Islamization laws in the capital Islamabad. Further exacerbating the situation was the dislike between Shia leader Imam Khomeini and General Zia ul-Haq.[206]"}
{"id": "doc236530", "text": "The Rose Bowl also hosted group stage matches of the Copa Am\u00e9rica Centenario in 2016.[42] It also hosted several matches including the final of the 1984 Olympics men's soccer tournament. On July 27, 2016, the Rose Bowl hosted a 2016 International Champions Cup match between Chelsea and Liverpool. Chelsea won the match 1-0. It has also regularly featured CONCACAF Gold Cup matches including two finals."}
{"id": "doc238043", "text": "The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War."}
{"id": "doc238078", "text": "Having been ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states (27 of the 36 states, including those that had been in rebellion), Secretary of State Seward, on December 18, 1865, certified that the Thirteenth Amendment had become valid, to all intents and purposes, as a part of the Constitution.[77] Included on the enrolled list of ratifying states were the three ex-Confederate states that had given their assent, but with strings attached. Seward accepted their affirmative votes and brushed aside their interpretive declarations without comment, challenge or acknowledgment.[78]"}
{"id": "doc238332", "text": "However, the 19th century saw the rise of dialectology and the categorisation of dialects. German dialectologists termed the German varieties spoken in the mountainous south of Germany as Hochdeutsch (\"High German\"). Subsequently, German varieties spoken in the north were designated as Niederdeutsch (\"Low German\"). These were in the Dutch language area calqued as the exonyms Nederduits and Hoogduits and referred now to the German varieties of standard German. As a result, the Hoog (\"High\") was dropped in the Dutch exonym Hoogduits in the sense of the German standard language, meaning that Duits narrowed down as Dutch exonym for German. Moreover, Nederduits lost its meaning as endonym for Dutch, and Nederlands prevailed as sole Dutch endonym."}
{"id": "doc238798", "text": "In June 2012, it was confirmed that a sequel would enter production, entitled Curse of Chucky and be released direct-to-video."}
{"id": "doc238803", "text": "Curse of Chucky received its own scarezone in the 2013 lineup at Universal Studios Hollywood's Halloween Horror Nights."}
{"id": "doc239270", "text": "There is a record of a gun in Europe dating to 1322 being discovered in the nineteenth century but the artifact has since been lost.[74] The earliest known European depiction of a gun appeared in 1326 in a manuscript by Walter de Milemete, although not necessarily drawn by him, known as De Nobilitatibus, sapientii et prudentiis regum (Concerning the Majesty, Wisdom, and Prudence of Kings), which displays a gun with a large arrow emerging from it and its user lowering a long stick to ignite the gun through the touchole[118][83] In the same year, another similar illustration showed a darker gun being set off by a group of knights, which also featured in another work of de Milemete's, De secretis secretorum Aristotelis.[119] On 11 February of that same year, the Signoria of Florence appointed two officers to obtain canones de mettallo and ammunition for the town's defense.[120] In the following year a document from the Turin area recorded a certain amount was paid \"for the making of a certain instrument or device made by Friar Marcello for the projection of pellets of lead.\"[83] A reference from 1331 describes an attack mounted by two Germanic knights on Cividale del Friuli, using gunpowder weapons of some sort.[118][83] The 1320s seem to have been the takeoff point for guns in Europe according to most modern military historians. Scholars suggest that the lack of gunpowder weapons in a well-traveled Venetian's catalogue for a new crusade in 1321 implies that guns were unknown in Europe up until this point, further solidifying the 1320 mark, however more evidence in this area may be forthcoming in the future.[83]"}
{"id": "doc239272", "text": "Along with the transmission and growing use of guns in Europe also came an infamous reputation. At least three Europeans in the 14th century described guns as either abnormal or inhuman. For instance, in 1344 Petrarch writes, \"I wonder that thou hast not also brazen globes, which are cast forth by the force of flame with a horrible sound of thunder. Was not the wrath of an immortal god thundering from heaven sufficient, that the small being man\u2014 oh cruelty joined to pride\u2014 must even thunder on earth? Human rage has endeavored to imitate the thunder which cannot be imitated \u2026 and that which is wont to be sent from the clouds is now thrown from an infernal instrument.\"[125] furthermore he compares guns to the plague, \"This plague was only recently so rare as to be looked on as a miracle; now \u2026 it has become as common as any other kind of weapon.\"[125] Englishman John Mirfield describes the gun as \"that devilish instrument of war colloquially termed gunne,\"[125] and Francesco di Giorgio Martini thought likewise of the discovery of guns and gunpowder, attributing it \"not to human but to devilish agency.\"[125] In the history of early European guns, Christian authorities made vehement remarks against the use of gunpowder weapons, calling them blasphemous and part of the 'Black Arts'. By the mid-14th century, however, even the army of the Papal States would be armed with artillery and gunpowder weapons.[127]"}
{"id": "doc239811", "text": "There are several different periods associated with the lunar orbit.[13] The sidereal month is the time it takes to make one complete orbit around Earth with respect to the fixed stars. It is about 27.32 days. The synodic month is the time it takes the Moon to reach the same visual phase. This varies notably throughout the year,[14] but averages around 29.53 days. The synodic period is longer than the sidereal period because the Earth\u2013Moon system moves in its orbit around the Sun during each sidereal month, hence a longer period is required to achieve a similar alignment of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. The anomalistic month is the time between perigees and is about 27.55 days. The Earth\u2013Moon separation determines the strength of the lunar tide raising force."}
{"id": "doc242474", "text": "Contraptions Workshop is the fourth expansion pack and was released on June 21, 2016.[14] Like the Wasteland Workshop, the Contraptions Workshop adds objects to the game's build mode\u2014rather than story content\u2014including prefabricated building models, manufactories that can produce equipment and items for the player, and items that the player can use to create elaborate Rube Goldberg-style machines."}
{"id": "doc242726", "text": "In the Enchanted Forest, as Prince Charming (Josh Dallas) attempts to escape from the Evil Queen's (Lana Parrilla) palace, he finds himself outnumbered by her guards. Just as it seems he will be recaptured, the Huntsman (Jamie Dornan) comes to his aid and kills the guards with his arrows, allowing Charming to escape and continue on his quest to find Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin). En route, Charming is transported to an infinite forest, thanks to the Queen and her mirror. Rumpelstiltskin (Robert Carlyle) appears and offers to help him but Charming refuses. They fight with swords; Rumpelstiltskin toys with him and soon disarms him. Charming notices his mother's wedding ring is missing. Rumpelstiltskin holds it up and he offers Charming a deal: he will give the prince back his mother's wedding ring, now enchanted to lead him straight to Snow White, if Charming will put a golden egg containing a potion of true love inside \"the belly of the beast.\""}
{"id": "doc242727", "text": "On his search for the beast, Prince Charming enters a castle and finds Maleficent (Kristin Bauer van Straten), seated on a throne. She turns into a dragon \u2013 the beast \u2013 to attack Charming. He throws the egg into Maleficent's gills and, after he escapes, Rumpelstiltskin returns the ring and magically dresses him in a new set of clothes with which to make his grand return to his true love. As seen in the series premiere, Charming races to Snow White's glass coffin, opens it and kisses her, waking her up. He proposes and she accepts. Together, they begin planning to take back the kingdom from the Evil Queen and Charming's sinister adoptive father, King George."}
{"id": "doc243667", "text": "On the other hand, carbon-14 naturally decays by radioactive beta decay, whereby one neutron is transmuted into a proton with the emission of an electron and an anti-neutrino. Thus the atomic number increases by 1 (Z: 6\u21927) and the mass number remains the same (A = 14), while the number of neutrons decreases by 1 (N: 8\u21927).[4] The resulting atom is nitrogen-14, with seven protons and seven neutrons:"}
{"id": "doc243742", "text": "In May 2017, it was reported that Roque Ba\u00f1os would compose the film's score.[19] Var\u00e8se Sarabande released the soundtrack album digitally in January 2018, with a physical release following on February 9, 2018.[20]"}
{"id": "doc244368", "text": "Six months later the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a town in Galilee called Nazareth, to a maiden there who was engaged to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David. Her name was Mary. Gabriel came into her presence and greeted her, saying: \"You have been shown great favor \u00e2\u20ac\u201c the Lord is with you.\""}
{"id": "doc244386", "text": "through the tender mercy of our God,\nWhereby the Dawn will break on us from heaven,\nto give light to those who live in darkness and the shadow of death,\nAnd guide our feet into the way of peace.\""}
{"id": "doc245411", "text": "Four episodes (\"The Long Legs of the Law\", \"A Losing Streak\", \"No Greater Love\" and \"The Yellow Peril\") were re-edited for audio purposes and released on audio cassette on 12 October 1998. The cassette was re-released in October 2000.[119]"}
{"id": "doc246550", "text": "In-studio guest questions came from Strictly Come Dancing contestants Jodie Kidd and Mark Foster, and 2008 Olympics Team GB gold medalists Christine Ohuruogu and James DeGale. Pre-recorded guest questions came from Katy Perry, the Fonejacker, Alan Carr, Sarah Silverman and Sir Alan Sugar. Jon Snow gave news reports on \"That's Not My Name\" and \"I Kissed A Girl\". John Hurt read from the autobiographies of Les Dennis and Christopher Biggins. The children from Mitchell Brook Primary School also returned acting out the divorce of Paul McCartney and Heather Mills and Jay-Z headlining that year's Glastonbury Festival."}
{"id": "doc249856", "text": "Nevertheless, the term 'Middle Ages', used by Biondo and other early humanists after Petrarch, was in general use before the 18th century to denote the period before the Renaissance. The earliest recorded use of the English word \"medieval\" was in 1827. The concept of the Dark Ages was also in use, but by the 18th century it tended to be confined to the earlier part of this period. The earliest entry for a capitalized \"Dark Ages\" in the Oxford English Dictionary is a reference in Henry Thomas Buckle's History of Civilization in England in 1857.[1] Starting and ending dates varied: the Dark Ages were considered by some to start in 410, by others in 476 when there was no longer an emperor in Rome, and to end about 800, at the time of the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne, or alternatively to extend through to the end of the 1st millennium."}
{"id": "doc249990", "text": "The film was released on May 7, 2015 in Australia and New Zealand, and May 15 in the United States and Canada.[46]"}
{"id": "doc250000", "text": "The film was originally slated for a July 21, 2017 release, and was later pushed back to August 4, 2017 before moving back to the July 21 slot.[7] In May 2016 it was moved again, this time being pushed back to December 22, 2017.[66]"}
{"id": "doc251579", "text": "One passage was originally intended for the poem \"Michael\"\u00e2\u20ac\u201c\"Renew'd their search begun where from Dove Crag / Ill home for bird so gentle / they look'd down / On Deep-dale Head, and Brothers-water\".[10]"}
{"id": "doc252389", "text": "The main tank of the Soviet tank arm was the T-34, on which the Red Army attempted to concentrate production. The tank arm also contained large numbers of the T-70 light tank. For example, the 5th Guards Tank Army roughly contained 270 T-70s and 500 T-34s.[when?] In the salient itself the Soviets assembled a large number of lend-lease tanks. These included U.S.-manufactured M3 Lees and British-built Churchills, Matildas and Valentines. However, the T-34 made up the bulk of the Soviet armour.[143] Without including the deeper reserves organised under the Steppe Front, the Soviets massed about 1,300,000 men, 3,600 tanks, 20,000 artillery pieces and 2,792 aircraft to defend the salient.[104][144] This amounted to 26 percent of the total manpower of the Red Army, 26 percent of its mortars and artillery, 35 percent of its aircraft and 46 percent of its tanks.[104]"}
{"id": "doc252971", "text": "The Maroons are descendants of West Africans, mainly people from the Fanti of what is today Ghana. After being brought to Jamaica in the course of the Transatlantic slave trade, many slaves fled from the oppressive conditions of plantations and formed their own communities in the rugged, hilly interior of the island. A minority of slaves originated from other regions of Africa, including the Congo and Madagascar; they were known as Coromantie or Koromantee, and were considered ferocious fighters.[3] People who escaped from slavery joined the other Maroons.[3] Up to the 1650s under Spanish rule, slaves escaped and intermarried with the native islanders, the Arawak, in their communities on the west of the island.[4]"}
{"id": "doc253473", "text": "Ecology is an employed science of restoration, repairing disturbed sites through human intervention, in natural resource management, and in environmental impact assessments. Edward O. Wilson predicted in 1992 that the 21st century \"will be the era of restoration in ecology\".[163] Ecological science has boomed in the industrial investment of restoring ecosystems and their processes in abandoned sites after disturbance. Natural resource managers, in forestry, for example, employ ecologists to develop, adapt, and implement ecosystem based methods into the planning, operation, and restoration phases of land-use. Ecological science is used in the methods of sustainable harvesting, disease, and fire outbreak management, in fisheries stock management, for integrating land-use with protected areas and communities, and conservation in complex geo-political landscapes.[22][162][164][165]"}
{"id": "doc253606", "text": "The opsin found in the photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina is called melanopsin. These cells are involved in various reflexive responses of the brain and body to the presence of (day)light, such as the regulation of circadian rhythms, pupillary reflex and other non-visual responses to light. Melanopsin functionally resembles invertebrate opsins."}
{"id": "doc253608", "text": "The human retina has approximately 6 million cones and 120 million rods.[13] Signals from the rods and cones converge on ganglion and bipolar cells for preprocessing before they are sent to the lateral geniculate nucleus. At the \"center\" of the retina (the point directly behind the lens) lies the fovea (or fovea centralis), which contains only cone cells; and is the region capable of producing the highest visual acuity or highest resolution. Across the rest of the retina, rods and cones are intermingled. No photoreceptors are found at the blind spot, the area where ganglion cell fibers are collected into the optic nerve and leave the eye.[14]"}
{"id": "doc253609", "text": "The photoreceptor proteins in the three types of cones differ in their sensitivity to photons of different wavelengths (see graph). Since cones respond to both the wavelength and intensity of light, the cone's sensitivity to wavelength is measured in terms of its relative rate of response if the intensity of a stimulus is held fixed, while the wavelength is varied. From this, in turn, is inferred the absorbance.[15] The graph normalizes the degree of absorbance on a hundred-point scale. For example, the S cone's relative response peaks around 420\u00a0nm (nanometers, a measure of wavelength). This tells us that an S cone is more likely to absorb a photon at 420\u00a0nm than at any other wavelength. If light of a different wavelength to which it is less sensitive, say 480\u00a0nm, is increased in brightness appropriately, however, it will produce exactly the same response in the S cone. So, the colors of the curves are misleading. Cones cannot detect color by themselves; rather, color vision requires comparison of the signal across different cone types."}
{"id": "doc254827", "text": "Notes below indicated the voices sampled, from the liner notes.[full citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc254953", "text": "The confrontation between Tom Haverford and Dave Sanderson before Tom's arrest in his own van mirrored the real life arrest of Henry Louis Gates, a black Harvard University professor who was arrested after police mistakenly thought he was breaking into his own home in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The arrest received national attention. When a police officer asked Gates to step outside, he replied, \"I'll speak to your mama outside,\" which was parodied in \"The Stakeout\" when Dave asked Tom to step out of the van and he responded, \"I'll step out of your mama's van!\"[3]"}
{"id": "doc255050", "text": "Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin (Urdu: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u06c1 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u06cc\u0646\u202c\u200e; Bengali: \u0996\u09be\u099c\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a8; 19 July 1894 \u2013 22 October 1964), KCIE, CIE, was a Bengali politician, conservative figure, and one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan.[2] He is noted as being the first Bengali leader of Pakistan who led the country as Prime Minister (1951\u201353), as well as the second Governor-General (1948\u201351).[3][4]"}
{"id": "doc256274", "text": "Cathartiformes (New World vultures)"}
{"id": "doc256280", "text": "Bucerotiformes (hornbills and relatives)"}
{"id": "doc256660", "text": "The film was released in the United States on October 27, 2017. Over its opening weekend the film made $1.9 million from 373 theaters (a per-theater average of $5,071), finishing 11th at the box office.[6] In its second weekend the film was added to 269 theaters and dropped just 1.9% to $1.7 million, finishing 10th at the box office.[7]"}
{"id": "doc256867", "text": "The bombing of Hamburg in 1943 also produced impressive results. Tiger tank production, and the manufacture of 88mm guns, the most potent dual-purpose artillery piece in the Wehrmacht was \"set back for months\". On top of this, some 62 percent of the population was dehoused causing more difficulties. However, RAF Bomber Command allowed itself to be distracted by Harris' desire for a war winning blow, and attempted the fruitless missions to destroy Berlin and end the war by spring, 1944.[164]"}
{"id": "doc257946", "text": "The Kn\u00f6tgen automatic rifle is another example."}
{"id": "doc258447", "text": "The release marked the first time that a Harrison composition had been afforded A-side treatment on a Beatles single,[63] as well as the only time during their career that a single was issued in the UK featuring tracks already available on an album. In a 1990 letter to Mark Lewisohn, Klein refuted a claim made by Lewisohn in his book The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, that the single was intended as a money-making exercise; Klein said it was purely a mark of Lennon's regard for \"Something\" and \"to point out George as a writer, and give him courage to go in and do his own LP. Which he did.\"[4] Following the Beatles' break-up in April 1970, Harrison's ascendancy as a songwriter would continue with his triple album All Things Must Pass,[64][65] building on the promise of White Album tracks such as \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"[66] and his two contributions to Abbey Road.[67][68]"}
{"id": "doc259703", "text": "The Hebrew word for a son is ben; plural is"}
{"id": "doc260645", "text": "Timothy Walter Burton[1] (/\u02c8b\u025c\u02d0rt\u0259n/; born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his dark, gothic, eccentric, and quirky horror and fantasy films such as Beetlejuice (1988), Edward Scissorhands (1990), the animated musical The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), the biographical film Ed Wood (1994), the horror fantasy Sleepy Hollow (1999), and later efforts such as Corpse Bride (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), Dark Shadows (2012), and Frankenweenie (2012). He is also known for blockbusters such as the adventure comedy Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), the superhero films Batman (1989) and its first sequel Batman Returns (1992), the sci-fi film Planet of the Apes (2001), the fantasy drama Big Fish (2003), the musical adventure film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), and the fantasy film Alice in Wonderland (2010), which garnered a worldwide gross of over $1 billion."}
{"id": "doc260654", "text": "Burton's ability to produce hits with low budgets impressed studio executives, and he received his first big budget film, Batman. The production was plagued with problems. Burton repeatedly clashed with the film's producers, Jon Peters and Peter Guber, but the most notable debacle involved casting. For the title role, Burton chose to cast Michael Keaton as Batman following their previous collaboration in Beetlejuice, despite Keaton's average physique, inexperience with action films, and reputation as a comic actor. Although Burton won in the end, the furor over the casting provoked enormous fan animosity, to the extent that Warner Brothers' share price slumped.[citation needed] Burton had considered it ridiculous to cast a \"bulked-up\" ultra-masculine man as Batman, insisting that the Caped Crusader should be an ordinary (albeit fabulously wealthy) man who dressed up in an elaborate bat costume to frighten criminals. Burton cast Jack Nicholson as The Joker (Tim Curry being his second choice) in a move that helped assuage fans' fears, as well as attracting older audiences not as interested in a superhero film.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc260668", "text": "Sleepy Hollow, released in late 1999, had a supernatural setting and contained another offbeat performance by Johnny Depp as Ichabod Crane, now a detective with an interest in forensic science rather than the schoolteacher of Washington Irving's original tale. With Hollow, Burton paid homage to the horror films of the English company Hammer Films. Christopher Lee, one of Hammer's stars, was given a cameo role. A host of Burton regulars appeared in supporting roles (Michael Gough, Jeffrey Jones and Christopher Walken, among others) and Christina Ricci was cast as Katrina van Tassel. A well-regarded supporting cast was headed by Miranda Richardson, Michael Gambon, Richard Griffiths and Ian McDiarmid. Mostly well received by critics, and with a special mention to Elfman's gothic score, the film won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction, as well as two BAFTAs for Best Costume Design and Best Production Design. A box office success, Sleepy Hollow was also a turning point for Burton. Along with change in his personal life (separation from actress Lisa Marie), Burton changed radically in style for his next project, leaving the haunted forests and colorful outcasts behind to go on to directing Planet of the Apes which, as Burton had repeatedly noted, was \"not a remake\" of the earlier film."}
{"id": "doc260672", "text": "Corpse Bride (2005) was Burton's first full-length stop motion film as a director, featuring the voices of Johnny Depp as Victor and Helena Bonham Carter (for whom the project was specifically created) as Emily in the lead roles. In this film, Burton was able again to use his familiar styles and trademarks, such as the complex interaction between light and darkness, and of being caught between two irreconcilable worlds."}
{"id": "doc260679", "text": "Tim Burton appeared at the 2009 Comic-Con in San Diego, California, to promote both 9 and Alice in Wonderland. When asked about the film making process by an attendee, he mentioned his \"imaginary friend\" who helps him out, prompting Johnny Depp to walk on stage to the applause of the audience. The film won two Academy Awards, for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design."}
{"id": "doc261056", "text": "George V's death in 1936 was followed by the accession of Edward VIII, who caused a public scandal by announcing his desire to marry the divorced American Wallis Simpson, even though the Church of England opposed the remarriage of divorc\u00c3\u00a9es. Accordingly, Edward announced his intention to abdicate; the Parliaments of the United Kingdom and of other Commonwealth countries granted his request. Edward VIII and any children by his new wife were excluded from the line of succession, and the Crown went to his brother, George VI.[70] George served as a rallying figure for the British people during World War II, making morale-boosting visits to the troops as well as to munitions factories and to areas bombed by Nazi Germany. In June 1948 George VI relinquished the title Emperor of India, although remaining head of state of the Dominion of India.[71]"}
{"id": "doc261064", "text": "Upon the death of a sovereign, his or her heir immediately and automatically succeeds (hence the phrase \"The king is dead, long live the king!\"), and the accession of the new sovereign is publicly proclaimed by an Accession Council that meets at St James's Palace.[86] Upon their accession, a new sovereign is required by law to make and subscribe several oaths: the Accession Declaration as first required by the Bill of Rights, and an oath that they will \"maintain and preserve\" the Church of Scotland settlement as required by the Act of Union. The monarch is usually crowned in Westminster Abbey, normally by the Archbishop of Canterbury. A coronation is not necessary for a sovereign to reign; indeed, the ceremony usually takes place many months after accession to allow sufficient time for its preparation and for a period of mourning.[87]"}
{"id": "doc261069", "text": "During a temporary physical infirmity or an absence from the kingdom, the sovereign may temporarily delegate some of his or her functions to Counsellors of State, the monarch's spouse and the first four adults in the line of succession. The present Counsellors of State are: the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of Sussex and the Duke of York.[94]"}
{"id": "doc261351", "text": "This specific wording is added to deal with California Probate Code Section 18100, as is noted later in the bill, describing good faith transactions with a trustee. It is also unlikely to happen in the cases of non-US persons as it would mean the DMV trustee not documenting the lack of a US Citizenship document."}
{"id": "doc261941", "text": "Filming began in April 2013 around the town of Campbell River, British Columbia.[29] The location of Vancouver Island was chosen for its similarity to the locations depicted in the film, the forests, and the variety of landscapes.[30] Filming in New Orleans started in May 2013 and continued in July 2013 at various locations such as the former Six Flags park Six Flags New Orleans.[31]"}
{"id": "doc263654", "text": "The British divided and consolidated the Florida provinces (Las Floridas) into East Florida and West Florida, a division the Spanish government kept after the brief British period.[43] The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to Florida, reports of its natural wealth were published in England. A large number of British settlers who were described as being \"energetic and of good character\" moved to Florida, mostly coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England. There was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda. This would be the first permanent English-speaking population in what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County. The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well as the export of lumber.[44][45]"}
{"id": "doc263926", "text": "The trailer for the film was released on July 15, 2013. The film opened on October 18, 2013.[8]"}
{"id": "doc264212", "text": "In the midst of persecution, stand by me."}
{"id": "doc264216", "text": "When I'm growing old and feeble, stand by me."}
{"id": "doc264702", "text": "Three states did not complete action on the twelve articles of amendment when they were initially put before the states. Georgia found a Bill of Rights unnecessary and so refused to ratify. Both chambers of the Massachusetts General Court ratified a number of the amendments (the Senate adopted 10 of 12 and the House 9 of 12), but failed to reconcile their two lists or to send official notice to the Secretary of State of the ones they did agree upon.[76][63] Both houses of the Connecticut General Assembly voted to ratify Articles Three through Twelve but failed to reconcile their bills after disagreeing over whether to ratify Articles One and Two.[77] All three later ratified the Constitutional amendments originally known as Articles Three through Twelve as part of the 1939 commemoration of the Bill of Rights' sesquicentennial: Massachusetts on March 2, Georgia on March 18, and Connecticut on April 19.[63] Connecticut and Georgia would also later ratify Article Two, on May 13, 1987 and February 2, 1988 respectively."}
{"id": "doc266717", "text": "In October 2014, Joanna Page said that Gavin & Stacey would not return as she thought that the show ended in 2010."}
{"id": "doc266767", "text": "The pistols are delivered with two magazines.[3]"}
{"id": "doc268699", "text": "Arsenal have won two European honours: the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1970 and the Cup Winners' Cup in 1994. They also reached the final of the UEFA Cup in 2000, and became the first London team to appear in a UEFA Champions League final in 2006.[127][128] Despite having never won the UEFA Champions League, Arsenal have set numerous records in the competition. Between 1998\u201399 and the current season, 2016\u201317, they participated in nineteen successive seasons, a record only surpassed in Europe by Real Madrid.[129] Goalkeeper Jens Lehmann kept ten consecutive clean sheets in the run-in to Arsenal's first UEFA Champions League final and the defence went 995 minutes until conceding a goal.[130] Arsenal were also the first British side to defeat Real Madrid and Borussia Dortmund away from home, and both Milanese teams: Internazionale and Milan at the San Siro.[131]"}
{"id": "doc269387", "text": "The Five People You Meet In Heaven is a novel by Mitch Albom. It follows the life and death of a maintenance man named Eddie. Eddie is killed and sent to heaven, where he encounters five people who had a significant impact upon him while he was alive. It was published in 2003 by Hyperion and remained on the New York Times Best Seller list for 95 weeks."}
{"id": "doc270066", "text": "1937 animated Disney film"}
{"id": "doc271411", "text": "Traditionally, war films, musicals and historical dramas have been the most popular genres, but franchise films have been among the best performers in the 21st century. Six Harry Potter films and five films from Peter Jackson's Middle-earth series are included in the nominal earnings chart, while the Star Wars and Pirates of the Caribbean franchises feature prominently. There is also continued interest in the superhero genre: Batman and Superman from DC Comics and films based on the Marvel Comics brand, such as Spider-Man, X-Men and films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, have generally done well. Although the nominal earnings chart is dominated by films adapted from pre-existing properties and sequels, it is headed by Avatar and Titanic (both directed by James Cameron), which are original works. Animated family films have performed consistently well, with Disney films enjoying lucrative re-releases prior to the home-video era. Disney also enjoyed later success with films such as Frozen (the highest-grossing animated film), Zootopia and The Lion King, as well as with its Pixar brand, of which the Toy Story and Finding Nemo films have been the best performers. Beyond Disney and Pixar animation, the Shrek, Ice Age and Despicable Me series have met with the most success."}
{"id": "doc272763", "text": "Between the 1992\u201393 and 2012\u201313 seasons, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here). The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008),[5] and they have also been runners-up twice,[6][7] behind Brazil's S\u00e9rie A with four wins,[6][7][8][9] and Spain's La Liga[10][11] and Italy's Serie A[12][13] with two wins each (see table here)."}
{"id": "doc273559", "text": "Manchester City won their third Premier League title, and fifth English top-flight title overall, with five games to spare.[4] The team broke numerous Premier League records over the course of the season, including: most points (100), most wins (32), most away wins (16), most goals (106), most consecutive league wins (18), highest goal difference (+79), fewest minutes behind in matches (153 minutes) and biggest winning points margin (19).[5] Chelsea were the defending champions, while Newcastle United, Brighton & Hove Albion and Huddersfield Town entered as the promoted teams from the 2016\u201317 EFL Championship. All three promoted clubs avoided relegation for the first time since the 2011\u201312 campaign, and for only the third time in Premier League history."}
{"id": "doc273662", "text": "A sequel is scheduled to be released on March 26, 2021.[8]"}
{"id": "doc273827", "text": "Attention tends to be either visual or auditory. One major focal point relating to attention within the field of cognitive psychology is the concept of divided attention. A number of early studies dealt with the ability of a person wearing headphones to discern meaningful conversation when presented with different messages into each ear; this is known as the dichotic listening task.[4] Key findings involved an increased understanding of the mind's ability to both focus on one message, while still being somewhat aware of information being taken in from the ear not being consciously attended to. E.g., participants (wearing earphones) may be told that they will be hearing separate messages in each ear and that they are expected to attend only to information related to basketball. When the experiment starts, the message about basketball will be presented to the left ear and non-relevant information will be presented to the right ear. At some point the message related to basketball will switch to the right ear and the non-relevant information to the left ear. When this happens, the listener is usually able to repeat the entire message at the end, having attended to the left or right ear only when it was appropriate.[4] The ability to attend to one conversation in the face of many is known as the cocktail party effect."}
{"id": "doc274726", "text": "Not much is known about Samantha's younger years. It is known that she came from a working class background, and she spent most of her teenage years selling Dilly bars at Dairy Queen to earn pocket money. Season 3 implies that she has at least two siblings, when she mentions that at her age, her mother \"was saddled with three kids and a drunk husband\". In the second episode of the second season of The Carrie Diaries, she said that she came from the Everglades, and that she used to have alligator overturned by car for breakfast. She later mentions partying at Studio 54 during its heyday, implying she moved sometime in the mid- to late-1970s from wherever she grew up to New York City. She has mentioned having had at least two abortions, one of which occurred while she was in college."}
{"id": "doc275856", "text": "The court system inaugurated by Congress included a Supreme Court consisting of a chief justice appointed by the president and four associate justices, elected by a joint ballot of both houses of Congress for four-year terms and eligible for re-election. The associates also presided over four judicial districts. Houston nominated James Collinsworth to be the first chief justice. The county-court system consisted of a chief justice and two associates, chosen by a majority of the justices of the peace in the county. Each county was also to have a sheriff, a coroner, justices of the peace, and constables to serve two-year terms. Congress formed 23 counties, whose boundaries generally coincided with the existing municipalities."}
{"id": "doc276042", "text": "This was the first NBA Finals to go the full seven games since 2005, and only the fourth since the NBA switched the Finals to a 2\u20133\u20132 format in 1985."}
{"id": "doc277310", "text": "Dylan recalled writing the song as a deliberate attempt to create an anthem of change for the moment. In 1985, he told Cameron Crowe, \"This was definitely a song with a purpose. It was influenced of course by the Irish and Scottish ballads\u00c2\u00a0...'Come All Ye Bold Highway Men', 'Come All Ye Tender Hearted Maidens'. I wanted to write a big song, with short concise verses that piled up on each other in a hypnotic way. The civil rights movement and the folk music movement were pretty close for a while and allied together at that time.\"[5]"}
{"id": "doc278091", "text": "Gamma rays are produced during gamma decay, which normally occurs after other forms of decay occur, such as alpha or beta decay. An excited nucleus can decay by the emission of an \u03b1 or \u03b2 particle. The daughter nucleus that results is usually left in an excited state. It can then decay to a lower energy state by emitting a gamma ray photon, in a process called gamma decay."}
{"id": "doc278301", "text": "A new series consisting of five films, beginning with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, will take place before the main series.[199] The first film was released on 18 November 2016 and the next two are due to be released in 2018 and 2020.[200] Rowling wrote the screenplay for the first instalment, marking her first foray into screenwriting."}
{"id": "doc278641", "text": "The Missouri Compromise is the title generally attached to the legislation passed by the 16th United States Congress on May 8, 1820. The measures provided for the admission of Maine as a state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South. As part of the compromise, slavery was prohibited North of the 36\u00b030\u2032 parallel, excluding Missouri. President James Monroe signed the legislation on April 6, 1820.[1]"}
{"id": "doc278693", "text": "In an April 22 letter to John Holmes, Thomas Jefferson wrote that the division of the country created by the Compromise Line would eventually lead to the destruction of the Union:[92]"}
{"id": "doc281066", "text": "A 2010 audio analysis of the Strubbe tape by Stuart Allen and Tom Owen, who were described by the Cleveland Plain Dealer as \"nationally respected forensic audio experts,\" concluded that the guardsmen were given an order to fire. It is the only known recording to capture the events leading up to the shootings. According to the Plain Dealer description of the enhanced recording, a male voice yells \"Guard!\" Several seconds pass. Then, \"All right, prepare to fire!\" \"Get down!,\" someone shouts urgently, presumably in the crowd. Finally, \"Guard!\u00c2\u00a0... \" followed two seconds later by a long, booming volley of gunshots. The entire spoken sequence lasts 17 seconds. Further analysis of the audiotape revealed that what sounded like four pistol shots and a confrontation occurred approximately 70 seconds before the National Guard opened fire. According to The Plain Dealer, this new analysis raised questions about the role of Terry Norman, a Kent State student who was an FBI informant and known to be carrying a pistol during the disturbance. Alan Canfora said it was premature to reach any conclusions.[67][68]"}
{"id": "doc281094", "text": "For example, the arithmetic mean of five values: 4, 36, 45, 50, 75 is:"}
{"id": "doc281125", "text": "The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex.[5] The primary visual cortex is Brodmann area 17, commonly called V1 (visual one). Human V1 is located on the medial side of the occipital lobe within the calcarine sulcus; the full extent of V1 often continues onto the posterior pole of the occipital lobe. V1 is often also called striate cortex because it can be identified by a large stripe of myelin, the Stria of Gennari. Visually driven regions outside V1 are called extrastriate cortex. There are many extrastriate regions, and these are specialized for different visual tasks, such as visuospatial processing, color differentiation, and motion perception."}
{"id": "doc281595", "text": "The film was shot in 1987 in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area, mostly in and around Scottsdale's Coronado High School. Coronado's auditorium was torn down during 2005-07 renovations, but its unique roof and intricate exterior mosaic, seen in an opening scene when Bill and Ted leave school in a red Mustang, was saved and moved, piece by piece, to the new auditorium. The interior shots of the auditorium were filmed inside the East High School auditorium, which was in Phoenix on 48th Street just north of Van Buren. East High School was demolished in 2002 as part of a redevelopment project. The production also shot a sequence on the Western Street on the back lot of Southwestern Studio in Carefree, Arizona. Odescalchi castle was used as Henry VI's castle."}
{"id": "doc281649", "text": "Zootopia was produced in makeshift quarters in a giant warehouse in North Hollywood (together with Moana) while Disney Animation's headquarters in Burbank was being renovated.[54]"}
{"id": "doc282351", "text": "In this interview, Lucas also stated that he had \"titles and ten-page story outlines for each of\" the nine episodes.[7] In an interview with Gary Kurtz in the same magazine, Kurtz said:"}
{"id": "doc282412", "text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul was released on Digital HD from Amazon Video and iTunes on August 1, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on August 8, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[19][20]"}
{"id": "doc282466", "text": "Gregorian years are identified by consecutive year numbers.[11] The cycles repeat completely every 146,097 days, which equals 400 years.[Note 4][Note 5] Of these 400 years, 303 are regular years of 365 days and 97 are leap years of 366 days. A mean calendar year is 365\u00c2\u00a097/400 days = 365.2425 days, or 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes and 12 seconds.[Note 6]"}
{"id": "doc282521", "text": "The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long.[76] This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,030 years[77] with respect to the current value of the mean tropical year. However, because of the precession of the equinoxes, which is not constant, and the movement of the perihelion (which affects the Earth's orbital speed) the error with respect to the astronomical vernal equinox is variable; using the average interval between vernal equinoxes near 2000 of 365.24237 days[78] implies an error closer to 1 day every 7,700 years. By any criterion, the Gregorian calendar is substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average year 365.25 days)."}
{"id": "doc283788", "text": "The mammalian heart has four chambers, two upper atria, the receiving chambers, and two lower ventricles, the discharging chambers.[79] The heart has four valves, which separate its chambers and ensures blood flows in the correct direction through the heart (preventing backflow). After gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries (blood vessels in the lungs), oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium via one of the four pulmonary veins. Blood flows nearly continuously back into the atrium, which acts as the receiving chamber, and from here through an opening into the left ventricle. Most blood flows passively into the heart while both the atria and ventricles are relaxed, but toward the end of the ventricular relaxation period, the left atrium will contract, pumping blood into the ventricle. The heart also requires nutrients and oxygen found in blood like other muscles, and is supplied via coronary arteries.[80]"}
{"id": "doc283967", "text": "Merchandise from Weta Workshop identifies one of the Nine as \"the Ringwraith of Forod\",[17] (literally, the Ringwraith of the North)."}
{"id": "doc283995", "text": "Mrs. Potts is Chip's mother and the castle's head of the kitchen, and has a loving, motherly feel. When the Enchantress curses the Beast, she is transformed into a teapot. In her first appearance, she helps Maurice get comfortable. She helps comfort Belle when she is made to stay at the castle in exchange for her father's freedom. Mrs. Potts also tries to help the Beast try to become more civil to Belle, although the efforts fall apart when Belle refuses to come to dinner. Later, Mrs. Potts entertains Belle when she's having dinner. When the Beast is wounded, she tries to tend to his wounds with Belle. After learning that there are invaders coming to the castle, she tries to get the Beast to do something, but he declines, still depressed about Belle leaving. She later participates in the battle of the castle by having the rest of the dishes pour hot liquid on the villagers."}
{"id": "doc284000", "text": "In Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas, he is seen trying to open presents for Christmas. Also when Adam gives him a present, he's excited about it being a storybook. He helps Belle make a storybook to make the Beast feel better. Also, in the flashback depicting the Enchantress placing the spell on the castle ten years earlier, he is present as a child, implying that the spell stopped him and the other servants from aging during the ten-year period."}
{"id": "doc284002", "text": "In the live-action version of Beauty and the Beast, Chip is portrayed by Nathan Mack. He is transformed into a teacup with a matching saucer, often using the saucer to move around quickly (reminiscent of the droid BB-8 from Star Wars: The Force Awakens). When the Enchantress's curse on the kingdom is not broken in time, Chip and all the other castle servants lose their last vestiges of humanity and become completely inanimate. Before Chip drops to the ground lifeless (his saucer already shattering upon impact), his teacup form is saved at the last instant by an ailing Chapeau who is transformed into a lifeless coat rack. Shortly afterwards, the spell on the kingdom is broken and Chip along with the other servants are restored to their human forms. He and his mother are reunited with Mr. Potts."}
{"id": "doc284003", "text": "The Featherduster is a maid of the castle, who is also Lumi\u00e8re's girlfriend. She is transformed into a feather duster as a cause of the Enchantress' spell. She appears in Beauty and the Beast and Belle's Magical World. She also makes a cameo in Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas. There have been some changes to her name throughout the different shows produced; in the musical, she is called Babette; and in Belle's Magical World, she is called Fifi. In the 2017 live-action film, she is portrayed by Gugu Mbatha-Raw and is called Plumette and was transformed into a swan-shaped feather duster."}
{"id": "doc284011", "text": "She later appears in Kingdom Hearts II in her homeworld, Beast's Castle. In the game, she blocks Sora's way to the undercroft to free the servants from the dungeon, forcing Sora to push her out of the way while she is sleeping. As in the film, she is Belle's closest confidante in the castle after Lumiere."}
{"id": "doc284020", "text": "The Triplets, also known as the \"Bimbettes\", are a trio of beautiful blonde women who fawn over Gaston. The real names of the girls are Claudette, who wears a red dress, Laurette, who wears yellow dress, and Paulette, who wears a green dress. They think Belle is crazy when they see her refusing Gaston's advances. They are also upset when Gaston decides to marry Belle, as they are seen crying when he is announcing that he will propose to Belle. They are later seen comforting and fawning over Gaston in the bar. They are not part of the mob who tries to kill the Beast. The end of the Gaston song implies that they acted as waitresses in the tavern due to Paulette being seen with a silver platter."}
{"id": "doc284042", "text": "In The New Adventures of Disney's Beauty and the Beast comics, Mrs. Potts and Sultan enlist Palanquin to help rescue Beast and Chip when they fell off the castle into the ravine."}
{"id": "doc284056", "text": "Clothilde is a villager and fishmonger who is the wife of Cogsworth. When the Enchantress casts her spell, she loses the memory of her husband. During the opening song, Clothilde was shown selling some fish while trying to buy some eggs. Clothilde is among the villagers that assist the Headmaster into destroying her laundry machine and throwing Belle's laundry on the street after the Headmaster caught Belle trying to teach a young girl how to read. She is among the villagers that join Gaston in the attack on Beast's castle. When the spell is broken, Clothilde is happily reunited with her husband even though Cogsworth is originally quite horrified when Clothilde recognizes him. The two of them are later seen dancing at the ball."}
{"id": "doc284394", "text": "Although the series was set in San Francisco, the sitcom itself was taped at the Warner Bros. Studios in Los Angeles. Outside of certain excerpts in the opening title sequences, the only episode to have actually been taped in San Francisco was the first episode of season eight, \"Comet's Excellent Adventure\". There were also a few episodes which were filmed on-location elsewhere, most notably Hawaii in the season three premiere \"Tanner's Island\", and at Walt Disney World for the two-part sixth-season finale \"The House Meets the Mouse\"."}
{"id": "doc285347", "text": "The following is a list of episodes of the British police procedural television drama series Prime Suspect, which stars Helen Mirren as Jane Tennison, one of the first female Detective Chief Inspectors in Greater London's Metropolitan Police Service, as she rises to rank of Detective Superintendent whilst confronting the institutionalised sexism that exists within her job."}
{"id": "doc285566", "text": "286 = 77,371,252,455,336,267,181,195,264"}
{"id": "doc285581", "text": "The series revolves around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman in her 30s living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary, a minimum-security women's federal prison (initially operated by the \"Federal Department of Corrections,\" a fictional version of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and later acquired by Management & Correction Corporation (MCC), a private prison company) in upstate New York. Piper had been convicted of transporting a suitcase full of drug money for her girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), an international drug smuggler. The offense had occurred 10 years prior to the start of the series and in that time Piper had moved on to a quiet, law-abiding life among New York's upper middle class. Her sudden and unexpected indictment severely disrupted her relationships with her fianc\u00c3\u00a9, family and friends."}
{"id": "doc285723", "text": "Decades later, during the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard Williams, who had directed the animated portions of Roger Rabbit, was approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his long-gestating project The Thief and the Cobbler. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, English animation director Richard Purdum, and work began under producer Don Hahn on a non-musical version of Beauty and the Beast set in 19th-century France.[31] At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, Beauty and the Beast became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual production move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.[32]"}
{"id": "doc285724", "text": "Upon seeing the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg ordered that the film be scrapped and started over from scratch. A few months after starting anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio had approached Ron Clements and John Musker to direct the film, but they turned down the offer, saying they were \"tired\" after just having finished directing Disney's recent success The Little Mermaid. Disney then hired first-time feature directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale. Wise and Trousdale had previously directed the animated sections of Cranium Command, a short film for a Disney EPCOT theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters Howard Ashman and Alan Menken, who had written the song score for The Little Mermaid, to turn Beauty and the Beast into a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as Mermaid. Ashman, who at the time had learned he was dying of complications from AIDS, had been working with Disney on a pet project of his, Aladdin, and only reluctantly agreed to join the struggling production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing health, pre-production of Beauty and the Beast was moved from London to the Residence Inn in Fishkill, New York, close to Ashman's New York City home.[31] Here, Ashman and Menken joined Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, and Woolverton in retooling the film's script.[12][32] Since the original story had only two major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who \"add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story\" and guide the audience through the film, and added a \"real villain\" in the form of Gaston.[12]"}
{"id": "doc285746", "text": "Several critics regard the 1991 animated film as superior to the 2017 live-action remake. Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune said that the 1991 film \"worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins\", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation since \"The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly.\" Phillips also wrote of the 2017 film that \"too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality\".[92] Dana Schwartz of the Observer criticized some of the 2017 film changes to the characters like Gaston and the Beast as regressive by watering down their distinguishing personalities from the 1991 film, also arguing that the added backstory to the characters in the 2017 version failed to \"advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way\".[93] David Sims of The Atlantic wrote that the 2017 film \"feels particularly egregious, in part, because it\u2019s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it\u2019s hard not to notice\".[94]"}
{"id": "doc285755", "text": "In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script.[121][122] Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but also to include most, if not all, of the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\".[123] In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (The Perks of Being a Wallflower) would re-write the script.[124] In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film.[125] In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively.[126][127][128][129] The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumi\u00c3\u00a8re, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively.[130][131][132][133] Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice.[134] In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical.[135] Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015.[136][137] The film was released on March 17, 2017.[138]"}
{"id": "doc286501", "text": "Unix-like systems typically have a C library in shared library form, but the header files (and compiler toolchain) may be absent from an installation so C development may not be possible. The C library is considered part of the operating system on Unix-like systems. The C functions, including the ISO C standard ones, are widely used by programs, and are regarded as if they were not only an implementation of something in the C language, but also de facto part of the operating system interface. Unix-like operating systems generally cannot function if the C library is erased. This is true for applications which are dynamically as opposed to statically linked. Further, the kernel itself (at least in the case of Linux) operates independently of any libraries."}
{"id": "doc286805", "text": "After the DNA is transcribed and mRNA is formed, there must be some sort of regulation on how much the mRNA is translated into proteins. Cells do this by modulating the capping, splicing, addition of a Poly(A) Tail, the sequence-specific nuclear export rates, and, in several contexts, sequestration of the RNA transcript. These processes occur in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes. This modulation is a result of a protein or transcript that, in turn, is regulated and may have an affinity for certain sequences."}
{"id": "doc286821", "text": "The development of the movie was revealed in the 19th light novel volume which was released in March 2016.[2]"}
{"id": "doc288722", "text": "Bruegel was also an accomplished landscape painter. Frequently Bruegel painted agricultural landscapes, such as Summer from his famous set of the seasons, where he shows peasants harvesting wheat in the country, with a few workers taking a lunch break under a nearby tree. This type of landscape painting, apparently void of religious or classical connotations, gave birth to a long line of northern European landscape artists, such as Jacob van Ruisdael."}
{"id": "doc288971", "text": "The name \"Durmstrang\" is likely to be an allusion to the German phrase Sturm und Drang meaning storm and stress.[17][18][19][20][21]"}
{"id": "doc289212", "text": "There ain't nothin' I can do nor nothin' I can say, that folks don't criticize me\nBut I'm gonna do just as I want to anyway, I don't care if they all despise me"}
{"id": "doc289875", "text": "Most companies adopt limited liability for their members, seen in the suffix of \"Ltd\" or \"plc\". This means that if a company does go insolvent, unpaid creditors cannot (generally) seek contributions from the company's shareholders and employees, even if shareholders and employees profited handsomely before a company's fortunes declined or would bear primary responsibility for the losses under ordinary civil law principles. The liability of a company itself is unlimited (companies have to pay all they owe with the assets they have), but the liability of those who invest their capital in a company is (generally) limited to their shares, and those who invest their labour can only lose their jobs.[30] However, limited liability acts merely as a default position. It can be \"contracted around\", provided creditors have the opportunity and the bargaining power to do so.[31] A bank, for instance, may not lend to a small company unless the company's director gives his own house as security for the loan (e.g., by mortgage). Just as it is possible for two contracting parties to stipulate in an agreement that one's liability will be limited in the event of contractual breach, the default position for companies can be switched back so that shareholders or directors do agree to pay off all debts. If a company's investors do not do this, so their limited liability is not \"contracted around\", their assets will (generally) be protected from claims of creditors. The assets are beyond reach behind the metaphorical \"veil of incorporation\"."}
{"id": "doc291806", "text": "Scored goal(s) in multiple final matches"}
{"id": "doc291984", "text": "Fewest goals conceded, champions"}
{"id": "doc293478", "text": "During the Champions League era, only one title holder has failed to qualify from the group stage:"}
{"id": "doc293490", "text": "Bayern Munich equaled the record of Ajax (1995\u20131997) for consecutive away wins in the Champions League having won 7 consecutive away games. The run began with a 3\u20131 win against Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium in the first leg of the 2012\u201313 round of 16, and continued through to the final, with wins against Juventus (2\u20130) at the Juventus Stadium and against Barcelona (3\u20130) at the Camp Nou. In the 2013\u201314 season the streak continued with group stage wins over Manchester City (3\u20131) at the City of Manchester Stadium, Viktoria Plze\u0148 (1\u20130) and CSKA Moscow (3\u20131). The record equaling seventh win was achieved when they again defeated Arsenal 2\u20130 at the Emirates Stadium in the round of 16 first leg on 19 February 2014. Their run ended with a 1\u20131 draw at Old Trafford against Manchester United in the first leg of the quarter-finals.[17]"}
{"id": "doc293491", "text": "Bayern Munich (2012\u201313, 2013\u201314) and Real Madrid (2013\u201314, 2014\u201315) hold the record of ten consecutive wins in the Champions League. Bayern Munich's run started on 2 April 2013 in the 2\u20130 win against Juventus in the first leg of the quarter-final of the 2012\u201313 season after losing 2\u20130 against Arsenal three weeks earlier. The run continued in the other three knockout matches and the final of the 2012\u201313 season. The run continued in the first five group stage matches of the 2013\u201314 season, but ended with the sixth in a 2\u20133 home defeat against Manchester City on 10 December 2013. Real Madrid's run started on 23 April 2014 in the 1\u20130 win against Bayern Munich in the first leg of semi-final of the 2013\u201314 season after losing 2\u20130 against Borussia Dortmund two weeks earlier in the second leg of the quarter-final. The run continued in the other leg of the semi-final, the final against Atl\u00e9tico Madrid, the six group stage matches of the 2014\u201315 season, and the first leg of round of 16 of the 2014\u201315 season, against Schalke 04."}
{"id": "doc293522", "text": "Bayern Munich won 8\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1 on aggregate."}
{"id": "doc293526", "text": "Bayern Munich won 2\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1 on aggregate."}
{"id": "doc294604", "text": "The term was first used in 1972 by American historian Alfred W. Crosby in his environmental history book The Columbian Exchange.[3] It was rapidly adopted by other historians and journalists and has become widely known."}
{"id": "doc294697", "text": "According to historian Henry Adams the system of railroads needed:"}
{"id": "doc294704", "text": "America developed a love-hate relationship with railroads. Boosters in every city worked feverishly to make sure the railroad came through, knowing their urban dreams depended upon it. The mechanical size, scope, and efficiency of the railroads made a profound impression; people dressed in their Sunday best to go down to the terminal to watch the train come in. Travel became much easier, cheaper, and more common. Shoppers from small towns could make day trips to big city stores. Hotels, resorts, and tourist attractions were built to accommodate the demand. The realization that anyone could buy a ticket for a thousand-mile trip was empowering. Historians Gary Cross and Rick Szostak argue:"}
{"id": "doc295017", "text": "Piper starts to realize her power has corrupted her, and though she takes steps to make amends, a plan of revenge is already in motion. Her new 'bodyguard' turns against her, handing her to Maria and her gang, who brand the Nazi swastika into her arm. Lolly finds a friend in a kindly Healy. Nicky continues on her self-destructive drug binge. Caputo submits a plan to offer educational courses to the inmates in order to give them something useful to do during their incarceration."}
{"id": "doc296209", "text": "Alpha decay typically occurs in the heaviest nuclides. Theoretically, it can occur only in nuclei somewhat heavier than nickel (element 28), where the overall binding energy per nucleon is no longer a minimum and the nuclides are therefore unstable toward spontaneous fission-type processes. In practice, this mode of decay has only been observed in nuclides considerably heavier than nickel, with the lightest known alpha emitters being the lightest isotopes (mass numbers 106\u00e2\u20ac\u201c110) of tellurium (element 52). Exceptionally, however, beryllium-8 decays to two alpha particles."}
{"id": "doc296212", "text": "Alpha particles were first described in the investigations of radioactivity by Ernest Rutherford in 1899, and by 1907 they were identified as He2+ ions."}
{"id": "doc296214", "text": "The nuclear force holding an atomic nucleus together is very strong, in general much stronger than the repulsive electromagnetic forces between the protons. However, the nuclear force is also short range, dropping quickly in strength beyond about 1 femtometre, while the electromagnetic force has unlimited range. The strength of the attractive nuclear force keeping a nucleus together is thus proportional to the number of nucleons, but the total disruptive electromagnetic force trying to break the nucleus apart is roughly proportional to the square of its atomic number. A nucleus with 210 or more nucleons is so large that the strong nuclear force holding it together can just barely counterbalance the electromagnetic repulsion between the protons it contains. Alpha decay occurs in such nuclei as a means of increasing stability by reducing size.[2]"}
{"id": "doc296216", "text": "Where \n\n\n\n\nm\n\ni\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle m_{\\text{i}}}\n\n is the initial mass of the nucleus, \n\n\n\n\nm\n\nf\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle m_{\\text{f}}}\n\n is the mass of the nucleus after particle emission, and \n\n\n\n\nm\n\np\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle m_{\\text{p}}}\n\n is the mass of the emitted particle, shows that alpha particle emission will usually be possible just with energy from the nucleus itself, while other decay modes will require additional energy. For example, performing the calculation for uranium-232 shows that alpha particle emission would need only 5.4\u00a0MeV, while a single proton emission would require 6.1\u00a0MeV. Most of this disintegration energy becomes the kinetic energy of the alpha particle itself, although to preserve conservation of momentum part of this energy becomes the recoil of the nucleus itself. However, since the mass numbers of most alpha emitting radioisotopes exceed 210, far greater than the mass number of the alpha particle (4) the part of the energy going to the recoil of the nucleus is generally quite small.[2]"}
{"id": "doc296908", "text": "O\u00f0inn has been identified on various gold bracteates produced from the fifth and sixth centuries.[300]\nSome figurines have been interpreted as depictions of deities. The Lindby image from Sk\u00e5ne, Sweden is often interpreted as O\u00f0inn because of its missing eye; [302] the bronze figurine from Eyrarland in Iceland as Thor because it holds a hammer.[303] A bronze figurine from R\u00e4llinge in S\u00f6dermanland has been attributed to Freyr because it has a big phallus, and a silver pendant from Aska in \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland has been seen as Freya because it wears a necklace that could be Brisingamen.[300]"}
{"id": "doc297251", "text": "The symbols for isotopes of elements other than hydrogen and radon are no longer in use within the scientific community. Many of these symbols were designated during the early years of radiochemistry, and several isotopes (namely those in the actinium decay family, the radium decay family, and the thorium decay family) bear placeholder names using the early naming system devised by Ernest Rutherford.[11]"}
{"id": "doc297999", "text": "The game's scheduled release during the week of 21 June 2016 was announced in March 2016, along with the onset of pre-orders for both PlayStation 4 and Windows versions. Hello Games also announced that the PlayStation 4 version would also be available in both a standard and \"Limited Edition\" retail release, published by Sony, alongside the digital version.[46][47][48] About a month before this planned release, Sony and Hello Games announced that the game would be delayed until August 2016, with Murray opting to use the few extra weeks as \"some key moments needed extra polish to bring them up to our standards\".[49] Hello Games opted not to present at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2016 in June 2016 so as to devote more time to polishing the game, with Murray noting that due to the structure of the game, \"we get one shot to make this game and we can't mess it up.\"[50] The game had gone gold on 7 July 2016,[51] and was officially released on 9 August 2016.[52]"}
{"id": "doc298160", "text": "Beauty and the Beast is an American fantasy-drama series which first aired on CBS in 1987. Creator Ron Koslow's updated version of the fairy tale has a double focus: the relationship between Vincent (Ron Perlman), a mythic, noble man-beast, and Catherine (Linda Hamilton), a savvy Assistant District Attorney in New York; and a secret Utopian community of social outcasts living in a subterranean sanctuary. Through an empathetic bond, Vincent senses Catherine's emotions, and becomes her guardian.[5]"}
{"id": "doc298199", "text": "CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) has released all three seasons of Beauty and the Beast on DVD in Region 1. They also released Beauty and the Beast: The Complete Series, a 16-disc boxset featuring all 56 episodes of the series."}
{"id": "doc298955", "text": "In his January 1, 1802, reply to the Danbury Baptist Association Jefferson summed up the First Amendment's original intent, and used for the first time anywhere a now-familiar phrase in today's political and judicial circles: the amendment established a \"wall of separation between church and state.\" Largely unknown in its day, this phrase has since become a major Constitutional issue. The first time the U.S. Supreme Court cited that phrase from Jefferson was in 1878, 76\u00c2\u00a0years later."}
{"id": "doc299573", "text": "In the 19th century, William Whewell described the revolution in science itself\u2014the scientific method\u2014that had taken place in the 15th\u201316th century. \"Among the most conspicuous of the revolutions which opinions on this subject have undergone, is the transition from an implicit trust in the internal powers of man's mind to a professed dependence upon external observation; and from an unbounded reverence for the wisdom of the past, to a fervid expectation of change and improvement.\"[12] This gave rise to the common view of the scientific revolution today:"}
{"id": "doc299592", "text": "By the start of the scientific revolution, empiricism had already become an important component of science and natural philosophy. Prior thinkers, including the early 14th century nominalist philosopher William of Ockham, had begun the intellectual movement toward empiricism.[33]"}
{"id": "doc299630", "text": "Further groundbreaking work was carried out by William Harvey, who published De Motu Cordis in 1628. Harvey made a detailed analysis of the overall structure of the heart, going on to an analysis of the arteries, showing how their pulsation depends upon the contraction of the left ventricle, while the contraction of the right ventricle propels its charge of blood into the pulmonary artery. He noticed that the two ventricles move together almost simultaneously and not independently like had been thought previously by his predecessors.[78]"}
{"id": "doc299691", "text": "The showrunners mention in their interviews that the same togetherness the cast showed on-screen, they had it behind the scenes as well. \"The most unexpected and rewarding development in filming the crossover episodes was seeing how close the actors from the different shows became,\" says CPD's Olmstead, \"Between set-ups they stuck together as a group and they socialized after wrap. It brought the shows closer.\"[4] In TV Guide Olmstead continued, \"One thing that I didn't really expect was the camaraderie with the actors, you never saw actors standing by themselves, waiting for their line. They were always in groups. They hung out as a group after they filmed. There was a lot of travel and working weekends, but the feedback I got from everybody was what a special event it was for them just as actors. I know that when we do it again \u2014 and I'm sure that we'll do it at some point down the road \u2014 it will not be a hard sell.\"[3]"}
{"id": "doc300345", "text": "BCPL, the precursor of C, used \"!\" for pointer and array indirection: \"!P\" was equivalent to C's \"*P\" and \"P!3\" is equivalent to \"P[3]\" in C."}
{"id": "doc300431", "text": "This 'directing will' is embodied in a corporate Board of Directors. The legal personality has two economic implications. It grants creditors (as opposed to shareholders or employees) priority over the corporate assets upon liquidation. Second, corporate assets cannot be withdrawn by its shareholders, and assets of the firm cannot be taken by personal creditors of its shareholders. The second feature requires special legislation and a special legal framework, as it cannot be reproduced via standard contract law.[16]"}
{"id": "doc300567", "text": "Using numerical methods to simulate Solar System behavior, long-term changes in Earth's orbit, and hence its obliquity, have been investigated over a period of several million years. For the past 5 million years, Earth's obliquity has varied between 22\u00b0 2\u2032 33\u2033 and 24\u00b0 30\u2032 16\u2033, with a mean period of 41,040 years. This cycle is a combination of precession and the largest term in the motion of the ecliptic. For the next 1 million years, the cycle will carry the obliquity between 22\u00b0 13\u2032 44\u2033 and 24\u00b0 20\u2032 50\u2033.[25]"}
{"id": "doc300590", "text": "In C++ the similar effect can be achieved using C++-style cast syntax."}
{"id": "doc301324", "text": "Railroads would eventually reduce the cost of land transport by over 95%; however they did not become important until after 1850."}
{"id": "doc301772", "text": "Though technically a sequel to the classic 1969 Rankin/Bass Frosty the Snowman, The Legend of Frosty the Snowman holds only loose continuity with it. The characters in flashbacks resemble those of the original film but have different names and roles. The young Mayor Tinkerton strongly resembles one of the unnamed children from the first film, and his father also shares the design of Professor Hinkle. Hocus Pocus has a cameo during the bob-sled scene. On the cover of the comic used in the film are two other children that also resemble the original film's cast. Frosty's back story is strongly altered, but still features him coming to life due to the hat's magic. Furthermore, unlike the classic original, the film seemingly has nothing to do with Christmas whatsoever nor does it even mention the holiday or any nuances thereof."}
{"id": "doc302286", "text": "Pacific Rim Uprising was released on March 23, 2018 in the United States, in 3D, IMAX, and IMAX 3D, by Universal Pictures.[45] Originally scheduled for release on April 7, 2017, the date was postponed multiple times. The film was pushed back to August 4, 2017, then to February 23, 2018, and one final time to March 23.[46]"}
{"id": "doc302608", "text": "The concept of water stress is relatively simple: According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, it applies to situations where there is not enough water for all uses, whether agricultural, industrial or domestic.\nDefining thresholds for stress in terms of available water per capita is more complex, however, entailing assumptions about water use and its efficiency. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that when annual per capita renewable freshwater availability is less than 1,700 cubic meters, countries begin to experience periodic or regular water stress. Below 1,000 cubic meters, water\nscarcity begins to hamper economic development and human health and well-being."}
{"id": "doc303116", "text": "Diurnal motion (Latin: diurnus, lit.\u00a0'daily', from dies, lit. \"day\") is an astronomical term referring to the apparent daily motion of stars around Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles. It is caused by the Earth's rotation around its axis, so almost every star appears to move along a circular arc path called the diurnal circle. The time for one complete rotation is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds (1 sidereal day). The first experimental demonstration of this motion was conducted by L\u00e9on Foucault."}
{"id": "doc303260", "text": "The eighth series was broadcast in the United Kingdom as four standard 90-minute episodes, as per series one through seven. However, in Europe, the series was broadcast in a similar format to series nine through eleven, splitting the stories into two 45-minute episodes broadcast on consecutive nights. The airdates used here are the original British dates."}
{"id": "doc303261", "text": "The DVD release of this series contains the internationally broadcast versions of each episode, which remove twenty minutes of footage from each two-hour story, presumably to include adverts where required in international broadcast."}
{"id": "doc304623", "text": "The QUEEN has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 21st August 1996, to declare that a former wife (other than a widow until she shall remarry) of a son of a Sovereign of these Realms, of a son of a son of a Sovereign and of the eldest living son of the eldest son of The Prince of Wales shall not be entitled to hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness."}
{"id": "doc305534", "text": "Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out\u00e2\u20ac\u201d\nBecause I was not a Jew."}
{"id": "doc305556", "text": "Also, in C and its descendants, a while loop is a for loop with no initialization or counting expressions, i.e.,"}
{"id": "doc306215", "text": "The series is also notable for its supporting cast\u00e2\u20ac\u201da number of well-known actors provided voices for various classic villains, most notably Mark Hamill (previously famous for his role as Luke Skywalker in the original Star Wars trilogy), who later found success in voice acting thanks to his \"cheerfully deranged\" portrayal of the Joker.[17] The role was originally given to Tim Curry, but he developed bronchitis during the initial recording sessions.[18] The recording sessions, under the supervision of voice director Andrea Romano, were recorded with the actors together in one studio instead of taking separate recordings, as is typical. This method would later be employed for all subsequent series in the DC animated universe. Al Pacino was considered to voice Two-Face in the series, but he declined the offer.[19] Other notable actors included Ron Perlman as Clayface, Roddy McDowall as the Mad Hatter, David Warner as Ra's al Ghul, and George Dzundza as the Ventriloquist."}
{"id": "doc306226", "text": "The show also featured numerous adaptations of various Batman comics stories. The following episodes were adaptations:"}
{"id": "doc307715", "text": "The Angel Oak tree is featured prominently in the book The Heart of A Child by Emily Nelson."}
{"id": "doc307978", "text": "In the film Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol (1987), Lt Proctor sings this song in prison while running a metal cup along the bars."}
{"id": "doc308175", "text": "(Released: January 26, 2004)"}
{"id": "doc308346", "text": "It was released on 30 September 2017 in China and 13 October 2017 in the United States."}
{"id": "doc309228", "text": "In 1891 the Great Northern Railway crossed the Continental Divide at Marias Pass 5,213 feet (1,589\u00c2\u00a0m), which is along the southern boundary of the park. In an effort to stimulate use of the railroad, the Great Northern soon advertised the splendors of the region to the public. The company lobbied the United States Congress. In 1897 the park was designated as a forest preserve.[17] Under the forest designation, mining was still allowed but was not commercially successful. Meanwhile, proponents of protecting the region kept up their efforts. In 1910, under the influence of the Boone and Crockett Club,[18] spearheaded by Club members George Bird Grinnell, Henry L. Stimson, and the railroad, a bill was introduced into the U.S. Congress which redesignated the region from a forest reserve to a national park. This bill was signed into law by President William Howard Taft on May 11, 1910.[19][20] In 1910 George Bird Grinnell wrote, \"This Park, the country owes to the Boone and Crockett Club, whose members discovered the region, suggested it being set aside, caused the bill to be introduced into congress and awakened interest in it all over the country\".[21]"}
{"id": "doc309595", "text": "Both Clang and GNU Compiler Collection implement a non-standard extension to the C language to support RAII: the \"cleanup\" variable attribute.[12] The following macro annotates a variable with a given destructor function that it will call when the variable goes out of scope:"}
{"id": "doc309597", "text": "In this example, the compiler arranges for the fclosep function to be called before example_usage returns."}
{"id": "doc310191", "text": "The Fatimids were also known for their exquisite arts. A type of ceramic, lustreware, was prevalent during the Fatimid period. Glassware and metalworking was also popular. Many traces of Fatimid architecture exist in Cairo today; the most defining examples include the Al-Azhar University and the Al-Hakim Mosque. The madrasa is one of the relics of the Fatimid dynasty era of Egypt, descended from Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad. Fatimah was called Az-Zahra (the brilliant), and the madrasa was named in her honour.[17] It was founded as a mosque by the Fatimid commander Jawhar at the orders of the Caliph Al-Muizz when he founded the city of Cairo. It was (probably on Saturday) in Jamadi al-Awwal in the year 359 A.H. Its building was completed on the 9th of Ramadan in the year 361 A.H. Both Al-'Aziz Billah and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah added to its premises. It was further repaired, renovated, and extended by Al-Mustansir Billah and Al-Hafiz Li-Din-illah. Fatimid Caliphs always encouraged scholars and jurists to have their study-circles and gatherings in this mosque, and thus it was turned into a university that has the claim to be considered as the oldest still-functioning University.[18]"}
{"id": "doc311119", "text": "Jake's glassblowing shop was filmed at an old mill, named Starr's Mill, in Fayette County, Georgia. Wynn's Pond in Sharpsburg, Georgia is the location where Jake lands his plane. The historic homes shown at Melanie's return to Pigeon Creek were shot in Eufaula, Alabama."}
{"id": "doc311498", "text": "The episodes are listed here."}
{"id": "doc312259", "text": "The 4077th consisted of two separate sets. An outdoor set in the mountains near Malibu, California (Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California) was used for most exterior and tent scenes for every season. This was the same set used to shoot the movie. The indoor set, on a sound stage at Fox Studios in Century City, was used for the indoor scenes for the run of the series. Later, after the indoor set was renovated to permit many of the \"outdoor\" scenes to be filmed there, both sets were used for exterior shooting as script requirements dictated (e.g., night scenes were far easier to film on the sound stage, but scenes at the chopper pad required using the ranch)."}
{"id": "doc312605", "text": "The Purgers pursuing him descend upon the house. Their leader compliments the family for the support of the annual carnage but sadistically warns James that they would murder everyone in the household should they fail to surrender Dwayne. After James admits to his wife, Mary, that their security system only acts as a deterrent for invaders and will not totally protect them against a heavy invasion force, he and Mary try to find Dwayne, who has taken their daughter, Zoey, hostage out of fear. They overpower Dwayne, tie him up, and aggravate his injuries. After seeing James with Zoey, Dwayne sadly tells James to take him outside, to which the latter hesitates after he and his family realize they are becoming essentially no different from the purgers outside. The Sandins instead spare Dwayne, leaving him bound, and prepare to defend themselves from the gang. After the gang breaks into the household, the Sandins fight them. James is mortally wounded by the gang leader, who is then killed by Zoey while the Sandins' neighbors, the Ferrins arrive to eliminate the other purgers. During the invasion, Dwayne frees himself of his bonds and decides to help the Sandins."}
{"id": "doc312607", "text": "One year after the events of The Purge, in the year 2023, Dwayne is now the partner of Carmelo Johns, the leader of a successful anti-Purge resistance fighter group. He appears during one of the film's climaxes, wherein he and Carmelo lead the anti-Purge gang in storming a Purge arena to rescue the film's protagonists from wealthy purgers and their security forces. When Liz chooses to stay behind to avenge her husband Shane's death from the hands of the wealthy Purgers rather than join the group in their escape, Dwayne and Carmelo aid her while their team continues to eliminate the other wealthy purgers and their security group."}
{"id": "doc313306", "text": "The film was released on July 20, 2018 by Netflix."}
{"id": "doc313342", "text": "Transcription proceeds in the following general steps:"}
{"id": "doc313349", "text": "Transcription has some proofreading mechanisms, but they are fewer and less effective than the controls for copying DNA; therefore, transcription has a lower copying fidelity than DNA replication.[3]"}
{"id": "doc313352", "text": "RNA polymerase, assisted by one or more general transcription factors, then unwinds approximately 14 base pairs of DNA to form an RNA polymerase-promoter \"open complex\". In the \"open complex\" the promoter DNA is partly unwound and single-stranded. The exposed, single-stranded DNA is referred to as the \"transcription bubble.\"[4]"}
{"id": "doc313354", "text": "In bacteria, RNA polymerase core enzyme consists of five subunits: 2 \u03b1 subunits, 1 \u03b2 subunit, 1 \u03b2' subunit, and 1 \u03c9 subunit. In bacteria, there is one general RNA transcription factor: sigma. RNA polymerase core enzyme binds to the bacterial general transcription factor sigma to form RNA polymerase holoenzyme and then binds to a promoter.[4]"}
{"id": "doc313356", "text": "Transcription initiation is regulated by additional proteins, known as activators and repressors, and, in some cases, associated coactivators or corepressors, which modulate formation and function of the transcription initiation complex.[4]"}
{"id": "doc313364", "text": "Bacteria use two different strategies for transcription termination \u2013 Rho-independent termination and Rho-dependent termination. In Rho-independent transcription termination, RNA transcription stops when the newly synthesized RNA molecule forms a G-C-rich hairpin loop followed by a run of Us. When the hairpin forms, the mechanical stress breaks the weak rU-dA bonds, now filling the DNA\u2013RNA hybrid. This pulls the poly-U transcript out of the active site of the RNA polymerase, terminating transcription. In the \"Rho-dependent\" type of termination, a protein factor called \"Rho\" destabilizes the interaction between the template and the mRNA, thus releasing the newly synthesized mRNA from the elongation complex.[12]"}
{"id": "doc313365", "text": "Transcription termination in eukaryotes is less well understood than in bacteria, but involves cleavage of the new transcript followed by template-independent addition of adenines at its new 3' end, in a process called polyadenylation.[13]"}
{"id": "doc313713", "text": "In some vertebrates, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum (\"superior colliculus\") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It remains nonetheless important in terms of function as the primary integrating center for eye movements."}
{"id": "doc314041", "text": "The series was set in Arizona, but actually filmed in the high desert of California. The ranch house used for exterior shots of the Flying Crown Ranch is an actual residence in Apple Valley, California, although it has been extensively remodeled since its use as headquarters of the ranch. Other locations were shot in and around Apple Valley[5] and the nearby San Bernardino Mountains, George Air Force Base, and Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake. Interior filming was done at the General Service studios in Hollywood."}
{"id": "doc314759", "text": "The first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi and focuses on the Hanafi school of thought . Due to its proximity to the US border city of Messina the school has historically had a high ratio of US students. Their most prominent graduate Shaykh Muhammad Alshareef completed his Hifz in the early 1990s then went on to form the AlMaghrib Institute."}
{"id": "doc315772", "text": "Sticks and stones may break my bones\nBut names will never down you"}
{"id": "doc316997", "text": "Unlike function and class names, variable names are case sensitive. Both double-quoted (\"\") and heredoc strings provide the ability to interpolate a variable's value into the string.[96] PHP treats newlines as whitespace in the manner of a free-form language, and statements are terminated by a semicolon.[97] PHP has three types of comment syntax: /* */ marks block and inline comments; // as well as # are used for one-line comments.[98] The echo statement is one of several facilities PHP provides to output text, e.g., to a web browser."}
{"id": "doc317197", "text": "Director Ashley McKenzie's 2016 film Werewolf is set on the island and features local actors; McKenzie grew up on the island.[31]"}
{"id": "doc317624", "text": "The march was based on the Scottish Celtic folk tune \"Thou Bonnie Wood of Craigielea\",[8] written by Robert Tannahill and first published in 1806, with James Barr composing the music in 1818.[10] In the early 1890s it was arranged as \"The Craigielee\" march music for brass band by Australian composer Thomas Bulch.[8] This tune, in turn, was possibly based on the old melody of \"Go to the Devil and Shake Yourself\", composed by John Field (1782\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1837) sometime before 1812.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc318194", "text": "In the Bohr Model, an n = 1\u00a0electron has a velocity given by \n\n\n\nv\n=\nZ\n\u03b1\nc\n\n\n{\\displaystyle v=Z\\alpha c}\n\n, where Z is the atomic number, \n\n\n\n\u03b1\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\alpha }\n\n is the fine-structure constant, and c is the speed of light. In non-relativistic quantum mechanics, therefore, any atom with an atomic number greater than 137 would require its 1s electrons to be traveling faster than the speed of light. Even in the Dirac equation, which accounts for relativistic effects, the wave function of the electron for atoms with Z > 137 is oscillatory and unbounded. The significance of element 137, also known as untriseptium, was first pointed out by the physicist Richard Feynman. Element 137 is sometimes informally called feynmanium (symbol Fy).[30] However, Feynman's approximation fails to predict the exact critical value of\u00a0Z due to the non-point-charge nature of the nucleus and very small orbital radius of inner electrons, resulting in a potential seen by inner electrons which is effectively less than Z. The critical Z\u00a0value which makes the atom unstable with regard to high-field breakdown of the vacuum and production of electron-positron pairs, does not occur until Z is about 173. These conditions are not seen except transiently in collisions of very heavy nuclei such as lead or uranium in accelerators, where such electron-positron production from these effects has been claimed to be observed. See Extension of the periodic table beyond the seventh period."}
{"id": "doc318559", "text": "As an example, here is an implementation of the abstract stack above in the C programming language."}
{"id": "doc320077", "text": "The film went on to receive critical acclaim for its direction, accuracy to the real-life event, \"Town Gossips\" element, and particular praise for Jack Black's portrayal of Tiede, with many calling it his best performance to date.[6][7][8][9]"}
{"id": "doc320235", "text": "Walt Disney Pictures purchased the film rights for Who Framed Roger Rabbit's story in 1981. Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman wrote two drafts of the script before Disney brought in executive producer Steven Spielberg, and his production company, Amblin Entertainment. Zemeckis was brought on to direct the film, and Canadian animator Richard Williams was hired to supervise the animation sequences. Production was moved from Los Angeles to Elstree Studios in England to accommodate Williams and his group of animators. While filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected."}
{"id": "doc320274", "text": "Spielberg had no interest in the project because he was establishing DreamWorks, although Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy decided to stay on as producers. Test footage for Who Discovered Roger Rabbit was shot sometime in 1998 at the Disney animation unit in Lake Buena Vista, Florida; the results were a mix of CGI, traditional animation, and live action that did not please Disney. A second test had the Toons completely converted to CGI; but this was dropped as the film's projected budget escalated well past $100 million. Eisner felt it was best to cancel the film.[73] In March 2003, producer Don Hahn was doubtful about a sequel being made, arguing that public tastes had changed since the 1990s with the rise of computer animation. \"There was something very special about that time when animation was not as much in the forefront as it is now.\"[75]"}
{"id": "doc323259", "text": "Naomi's best friend, fallen starlet Adrianna Tate-Duncan, battles a drug addiction. This gets her into trouble when Harry decides to raid the school, thanks to the help of a cop, Kimberly McIntyre, under cover as a student. Kimberly begins a relationship with teacher/lacrosse coach Ryan Matthews, which gets him into trouble with the school. Guilt-ridden, Kimberly does her best to solve the case, giving Ryan his job back, although he takes a leave of absence to rethink his life, and Adrianna lands in rehab, after almost getting Naomi in legal troubles as she took the blame for the drugs. There, she begins a relationship with Navid Shirazi, head of the school's paper and Dixon's best friend, who paid for her rehab. Navid and Adrianna are in completely different groups in high school. Adrianna was much more outgoing and popular while Navid was more focused on his studies. Navid's dream was to have an opportunity to date Adrianna. Although at first she only does it to \"repay\" him, they start to genuinely care about each other. Adrianna later discovers she is pregnant as a result of her promiscuity while she was addicted. After telling Navid of her pregnancy, he breaks up with her. It is later revealed that the father of Adrianna's child is Ty, although it is unclear when they slept together. She and Navid get back together when he realizes that even though she is a mess he can't get over her, and get engaged, although he alienates his family when he tells them that the child is not his and gets upset when Adrianna reveals her daughter is Ty's. Navid's family is very close knit and is in someways conservative. This is only applies to some areas of life, seeing that his dad runs an adult entertainment business."}
{"id": "doc323321", "text": "For the fourth time, Louisville and Freedom Hall hosted the Final Four, the last time a host repeated in back-to-back years. Like the preceding year, all nine venues were either on-campus arenas or the primary off-campus arena for college teams. The tournament saw three new venues being used. For the first time, the tournament came to the state of Michigan, when Jenison Fieldhouse on the campus of Michigan State University hosted games for the first and only time. (All other games held in the state have been in the Detroit metropolitan area.) Texas saw its third host city become Lubbock, when the Municipal Coliseum at Texas Technological College hosted games for the first time. And for the first time, the University of Oregon hosted the tournament at historic McArthur Court, something it would do twice more. Of the nine venues used, only Jenison Fieldhouse would not be used again."}
{"id": "doc323921", "text": "Williams is a patronymic form of the name William that originated in medieval England and Wales.[2] The meaning is derived from son or descendant of William, the Northern French form that also gave the English name William. Derived from an Old French given name with Germanic elements; will = desire, will; and helm = helmet, protection.[3] It is the second most common surname in New Zealand; third most common in Wales and the United States and fourth most common in Australia.[1][4]"}
{"id": "doc324148", "text": "Annual Reports 1894, War Department trophy guns lists 4- 17 inch mortars."}
{"id": "doc324530", "text": "The House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of representatives each state has in the House is based on each state's population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term. Each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. In order to be elected as a representative, an individual must be at least 25 years of age, must have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and must live in the state that he or she represents. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve. In addition to the 435 voting members, there are 6 non-voting members, consisting of 5 delegates and one resident commissioner. There is one delegate each from the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the resident commissioner from Puerto Rico.[5]"}
{"id": "doc324540", "text": "The executive branch consists of the president and those to whom the president's powers are delegated. The president is both the head of state and government, as well as the military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat. The president, according to the Constitution, must \"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\", and \"preserve, protect and defend the Constitution\". The president presides over the executive branch of the federal government, an organization numbering about 5 million people, including 1 million active-duty military personnel and 600,000 postal service employees."}
{"id": "doc324548", "text": "The U.S. Supreme Court adjudicates \"cases and controversies\"\u00e2\u20ac\u201dmatters pertaining to the federal government, disputes between states, and interpretation of the United States Constitution, and, in general, can declare legislation or executive action made at any level of the government as unconstitutional, nullifying the law and creating precedent for future law and decisions. The United States Constitution does not specifically mention the power of judicial review (the power to declare a law unconstitutional). The power of judicial review was asserted by Chief Justice Marshall in the landmark Supreme Court Case Marbury v. Madison (1803). There have been instances in the past where such declarations have been ignored by the other two branches. Below the U.S. Supreme Court are the United States Courts of Appeals, and below them in turn are the United States District Courts, which are the general trial courts for federal law, and for certain controversies between litigants who are not deemed citizens of the same state (\"diversity jurisdiction\")."}
{"id": "doc324554", "text": "The U.S. Constitution safeguards judicial independence by providing that federal judges shall hold office \"during good behavior\"; in practice, this usually means they serve until they die, retire, or resign. A judge who commits an offense while in office may be impeached in the same way as the president or other officials of the federal government. U.S. judges are appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the Senate. Another Constitutional provision prohibits Congress from reducing the pay of any Article III judge (Congress is able to set a lower salary for all future judges that take office after the reduction, but may not decrease the rate of pay for judges already in office)."}
{"id": "doc326591", "text": "The modern Mexican flag bears the emblem of the Mexica migration story."}
{"id": "doc327463", "text": "In the 1935 constitution, a two-thirds vote was needed to impeach an official by the House of Representatives, while a three-fourths vote in the Senate was required to convict."}
{"id": "doc327615", "text": "The songs in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs were composed by Frank Churchill and Larry Morey. Paul J. Smith and Leigh Harline composed the incidental music score. Well-known songs from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs include \"Heigh-Ho\", \"Some Day My Prince Will Come\", and \"Whistle While You Work\". Since Disney did not have its own music publishing company at the time, the publishing rights for the music and songs were administered through Bourne Co. Music Publishers, which continues to hold these rights. In later years, the studio was able to acquire back the rights to the music from many of the other films, but not Snow White. Snow White became the first American film to have a soundtrack album, released in conjunction with the feature film. Before Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a film soundtrack recording was unheard of and of little value to a movie studio."}
{"id": "doc327730", "text": "At the 1787 Constitutional Convention, a proposal to include the phrase, \"new States shall be admitted on the same terms with the original States\", was defeated. It was feared that the political power of future new western states would eventually overwhelm that of the established eastern states. Once the new Constitution went into effect, however, Congress admitted Vermont and Kentucky on equal terms and thereafter formalized the condition in its acts of admission for subsequent states, declaring that the new state enters \"on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever.\" Thus the Congress, utilizing the discretion allowed by the framers, adopted a policy of equal status for all newly admitted states.[7] With the growth of states' rights advocacy during the antebellum period, the Supreme Court asserted, in Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan (1845),[9] that the Constitution mandated admission of new states on the basis of equality.[10]"}
{"id": "doc330455", "text": "Soledad Orozco Garc\u00eda, the wife of President Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho, promoted the holiday during the 1940s, resulting in an important state-sponsored celebration.[88] The 1942 celebration lasted a full week and included an announcement that all women could reclaim their pawned sewing machines from the Monte de Piedad at no cost.[88]"}
{"id": "doc330463", "text": "Many tragic folklore legends have been created, suggesting different reasons why this pond became a pilgrimage site. The most popular version says that, in ancient times, the mother of a shepherd died, and he made offerings to a nearby pond. There he saw the face of his mother in the water, with her hand taking the offerings. Since then, many people visited the pond, hoping to see their deceased mother's face. Pilgrims believe that they will bring peace to their mother's souls by visiting the sacred place. There are two ponds. The larger one is for ritual bathing. The smaller one is used to \"look upon mother's face\", and it's fenced by iron bars to prevent people from bathing on it.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc331138", "text": "Prokaryotes are divided into two different groups, Archaea and Bacteria, with bacteria dividing further into gram-positive and gram-negative. Gram-negative bacteria have both a plasma membrane and an outer membrane separated by periplasm, however, other prokaryotes have only a plasma membrane. These two membranes differ in many aspects. The outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria differ from other prokaryotes due to phospholipids forming the exterior of the bilayer, and lipoproteins and phospholipids forming the interior.[25] The outer membrane typically has a porous quality due to its presence of membrane proteins, such as gram-negative porins, which are pore-forming proteins. The inner, plasma membrane is also generally symmetric whereas the outer membrane is asymmetric because of proteins such as the aforementioned. Also, for the prokaryotic membranes, there are multiple things that can affect the fluidity. \u00a0One of the major factors that can affect the fluidity is fatty acid composition.\u00a0 For example, when the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was grown in 37\u25e6C for 24h, the membrane exhibited a more fluid state instead of a gel-like state. This supports the concept that in higher temperatures, the membrane is more fluid than in colder temperatures. When the membrane is becoming more fluid and needs to become more stabilized, it will make longer fatty acid chains or saturated fatty acid chains in order to help stabilize the membrane.[26] Bacteria are also surrounded by a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (amino acids and sugars). Some eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but none that are made of peptidoglycan. The outer membrane of gram negative bacteria is rich in lipopolysaccharides, which are combined poly- or oligosaccharide and carbohydrate lipid regions that stimulate the cell\u2019s natural immunity.[27] The outer membrane can bleb out into periplasmic protrusions under stress conditions or upon virulence requirements while encountering a host target cell, and thus such blebs may work as virulence organelles.[28] Bacterial cells provide numerous examples of the diverse ways in which prokaryotic cell membranes are adapted with structures that suit the organism\u2019s niche. For example, proteins on the surface of certain bacterial cells aid in their gliding motion.[29] Many gram-negative bacteria have cell membranes which contain ATP-driven protein exporting systems.[29]"}
{"id": "doc331518", "text": "The origins of its name are unclear though 'hawthorn river' has been suggested (from a word linked to the Brythonic *yspyddad) as has a derivation from the pre-Celtic *squeas meaning 'vomit' or 'gush'. Ptolemy named the river on his map of c. 150 as Tuesis. The name 'Spey' first appears in 1451.[3]"}
{"id": "doc333675", "text": "So we're springing to the call from the East and from the West,\nShouting the battle cry of Freedom;\nAnd we'll hurl the rebel crew from the land we love the best,\nShouting the battle cry of Freedom."}
{"id": "doc333846", "text": "At the time of Harvey's publication, Galen had been an influential medical authority for several centuries. Galen believed that blood passed between the ventricles by means of invisible pores. According to Galen's views, the venous system was quite separate from the arterial system, except when they came in contact through the unseen pores. Arabic scholar Ibn al-Nafis had disputed aspects of Galen's views, providing a model that seems to imply a form of pulmonary circulation in his Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon (1242). Al-Nafis stated that blood moved from the heart to the lungs, where it mixed with air, and then back to the heart, from which it spread to the rest of the body.[30] Harvey's discoveries inevitably and historically came into conflict with Galen's teachings and the publication of his treatise De Motu Cordis incited considerable controversy within the medical community. Some doctors affirmed they would \"rather err with Galen than proclaim the truth with Harvey.\"[31][32] Galen incompletely perceived the function of the heart, believing it a \"productor of heat\", while the function of its affluents, the arteries, was that of cooling the blood as the lungs \"...fanned and cooled the heart itself\".[33] Galen thought that during dilation the arteries sucked in air, while during their contraction they discharged vapours through pores in the flesh and skin."}
{"id": "doc333847", "text": "Until the 17th century, two separate systems were thought to be involved in blood circulation: the natural system, containing venous blood which had its origin in the liver, and the vital system, containing arterial blood and the 'spirits' which flowed from the heart, distributing heat and life to all parts. Like bellows, the lungs fanned and cooled this vital blood."}
{"id": "doc334975", "text": "The cast includes Kristen Stewart as Snow White, Charlize Theron as Queen Ravenna, Chris Hemsworth as Eric, the huntsman, Sam Claflin as William, Snow White's childhood friend, and Bob Hoskins as the dwarf seer in his final film appearances. The film received two Academy Award nominations for Best Visual Effects and Best Costume Design at the 85th Academy Awards. It was a success at the box office, earning $396.6 million worldwide against a $170 million budget. Although critics praised the production design, visual effects, Theron and Hemsworth's performances, musical score, and action sequences; Stewart and Claflin's performances received mixed reviews, and the screenplay was heavily criticized."}
{"id": "doc334984", "text": "Evan Daugherty initially wrote the screenplay in 2003, when he was studying at NYU.[8] At the time reboots of fairy tales were not a popular film genre and according to Daugherty \"no one really knew what to do with it\" [8] More problems came when the release of Terry Gilliam's The Brothers Grimm (2005) flopped at the box office which caused potential buyers to be hesitant about the script.[8] The script was finally greenlit after the success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland (2010).[8]"}
{"id": "doc335679", "text": "There is some doubt as to whether the melody used today is the same one Burns originally intended, but it is widely used in Scotland and in the rest of the world.[3][9]"}
{"id": "doc335705", "text": "English composer William Shield seems to quote the \"Auld Lang Syne\" melody briefly at the end of the overture to his opera Rosina, which may be its first recorded use. The contention that Burns borrowed the melody from Shield is for various reasons highly unlikely, although they may very well both have taken it from a common source, possibly a strathspey called The Miller's Wedding or The Miller's Daughter. The problem is that tunes based on the same set of dance steps necessarily have a similar rhythm, and even a superficial resemblance in melodic shape may cause a very strong apparent similarity in the tune as a whole. For instance, Burns' poem Coming Through the Rye is sung to a tune that might also be based on the Miller's Wedding. The origin of the tune of God Save the Queen presents a very similar problem and for just the same reason, as it is also based on a dance measure.[12] (See the note in the William Shield article on this subject.)"}
{"id": "doc336025", "text": "Justin Timberlake's monologue from March 9, 2013 featured the reappearance of the richly appointed club. The sketch features Paul Simon, Steve Martin, Chevy Chase, Alec Baldwin, Tom Hanks, and Candice Bergen. There were portraits of John Goodman and Drew Barrymore in the Five-Timers Club's Hall of Portraits. The staff at the Five-Timers Club are former cast members, with Dan Aykroyd (1975\u201379) and Martin Short (1984\u201385) appearing as the club's bartender and waiter, respectively. Future cast member Mike O'Brien makes an appearance as the doorman who greets Justin. The entertainment at the Five-Timers Club involves making the current SNL performers fight each other to the death, with Bobby Moynihan shown fighting Taran Killam. When Melissa McCarthy hosted for show for the fifth time, five-timers club member Steve Martin appeared in the goodnights to welcome her to the club. When Dwayne Johnson hosted the show for the fifth time, five-timers club members Tom Hanks and Alec Baldwin appeared in the monologue to welcome him to the club."}
{"id": "doc336193", "text": "The term was found (in the spelling \"petraoleum\") in 10th-century Old English sources.[11][not in citation given] It was used in the treatise De Natura Fossilium, published in 1546 by the German mineralogist Georg Bauer, also known as Georgius Agricola.[12] In the 19th century, the term petroleum was often used to refer to mineral oils produced by distillation from mined organic solids such as cannel coal (and later oil shale), and refined oils produced from them; in the United Kingdom, storage (and later transport) of these oils were regulated by a series of Petroleum Acts, from the Petroleum Act 1863 onwards."}
{"id": "doc336518", "text": "Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.[59]"}
{"id": "doc337483", "text": "The film was released on December 13, 2016 in Tokyo and on January 27, 2017 in North America.[27][28][29]"}
{"id": "doc337506", "text": "Roth summarized Beauty and the Beast as a story about \"seeing past the exterior of a person and into his or her heart\".[11] Woolverton learned that Disney had commissioned her to adapt the animated film she had written into a Broadway musical while she was vacationing with her family in Maui, and her initial response to the idea was \"Yikes.\"[10] In the process of adapting her own animated screenplay into a full-length, two-act libretto for the stage, Woolverton contributed several distinct changes to the material, specifically instilling more emotional \"depth\" into each main character.[17] The writer expanded the story by both \"fleshing out\" each character and allowing room for new musical numbers.[18] Namely, Woolverton made the Beast a more threatening yet sympathetic figure;[17] the writer expanded upon his characterization by developing the Beast into \"a fuller character\", aided by the addition of his own song, \"If I Can't Love Her\".[19] Meanwhile, the book-loving Belle was adapted into a more headstrong and determined heroine.[17] Belle and the Beast's relationship benefits from a new scene Woolverton wrote specifically for the stage, during which the couple read in the castle's library; Belle introduces the Beast to the tale of King Arthur and reads the book to him, to which the Beast responds by showing genuine vulnerability for the first time.[20]"}
{"id": "doc337523", "text": "Back in town, Gaston proposes to Belle, which she politely rejects (\"Me\"). Appalled by Gaston's forwardness, Belle once again voices her need for a life outside this provincial life (\"Belle (Reprise)\"). Gaston's sidekick, LeFou, returns from the woods wearing the scarf Belle knitted for Maurice. Belle realizes her father is in danger and heads into the woods to look for him. She ends up at the castle where she finds her father locked away in a dungeon. She makes a deal with the Beast, Maurice goes free but she remains instead. They agree and Maurice is sent back to town without being allowed to say goodbye. Belle is given a guest room and ordered by the Beast to join him for dinner. She mourns her situation (\"Home\"), but Mrs. Potts and Madame de la Grande Bouche, an operatic wardrobe, attempt to cheer her up (\"Home (Reprise)\")."}
{"id": "doc337547", "text": "On March 4, 2005, Beauty and the Beast had its Scandinavian premiere at The G\u00f6teborg Opera with Fred Johanson as the Beast and Annica Edstam as Belle.[52]"}
{"id": "doc337551", "text": "In 2005, Disney and Stage Entertainment produced a new version of the show using brand new sets and costumes. After touring the Netherlands and playing in Antwerp, Belgium, Disney and Stage Entertainment brought the show to Berlin, Germany, in 2006 after a (approx.) one-year run at the Metronom Theater in Oberhausen. This production opened in 2007 in Madrid, Spain, and in 2009 in Milan, Italy, with Arianna as Belle and Michel Altieri as the Beast. The Broadway production played a second time in Mexico City beginning in September 2007 and in Hiroshima, Japan, beginning in February 2008. The Broadway production opened in South Africa in September 2008 and ran until March 2009.[53] In 2004, Disney began to license the show to other companies for touring, and the show has been performed by professional and amateur companies in many countries."}
{"id": "doc337555", "text": "In 2016, Disney and Marmelade produced an updated version for the Flemish Region of Belgium. The original cast included Josje Huisman as Belle, Jan Schepens as Beast, Dieter Troubleyn as Gaston, Peter Van de Velde as Lumi\u00e8re, Frank Hoelen as Maurice, Ivan Pecnik as Cogsworth (called Tickens), Eline De Munck as Babette, Peter Thyssen as LeFou, Barbara Dex as Mrs. Potts and Saskia Sch\u00e4fer as Madame de la Grande Bouche (called La Commodia). The show premiered on December 10, 2016, at Flanders Expo in Ghent.[57]"}
{"id": "doc337573", "text": "The Original Madrid Cast Recording was released in 1999. The principal cast included Xenia Reguant as Belle, Carlos Mar\u00edn as Beast, Lisardo Guarinos as Gaston, V\u00edctor Ullate Roche as LeFou, Germ\u00e1n Torres as Lumi\u00e8re, David Venancio Muro as Cogsworth and Kirby Navarro as Mrs. Potts. A second cast recording for the new production was released in May 2008, starring Julia M\u00f6ller as Belle, David Ordinas as Beast, Pablo Puyol as Gaston, Ra\u00fal Pe\u00f1a as LeFou, Armando Pita as Lumi\u00e8re, Esteban Oliver as Cogsworth and Angels Jim\u00e9nez as Mrs. Potts."}
{"id": "doc337575", "text": "Reception towards the tryouts in Houston were so enthusiastic that the production was extended for two weeks.[26] Jerome Weeks of Variety responded to the show with a positive review, praising the performances of Egan, Mann and Moses, as well as the Beast's new song \"If I Can't Love Her\". At the same time, Weeks felt that the production \"gets close to slipping into a big-budget kiddie show or magic act with its overdone showbiz glitz and sparkly stage-illusion effects\"at times, but in the end predicted that \"'Beauty and the Beast' could well be the big new musical hit this Broadway season has been waiting for.\"[12] However, in 1994, Beauty and the Beast finally premiered on Broadway to reviews that ranged from mixed to negative,[13][65][66][18] leaving critics mostly unimpressed.[6] Reactions from the New York theatre community and Broadway producers were particularly harsh, ridiculing Disney for deciding to produce the musical themselves as opposed to enlisting traditional theatre companies.[27] Egan recalled that \"the same five families [had] produced Broadway shows for a hundred years and Disney shook that up.\"[27]"}
{"id": "doc337578", "text": "\"Be Our Guest\" was used as the commercial for the 1994 Tony Awards.[27] Michael Goldstein of New York correctly predicted that Mann would earn a Tony Award nomination for his performance.[10] Despite having been nominated for a total of nine individual awards, Beauty and the Beast was ultimately shunned at the ceremony, winning only one award \u2013 Best Costume Design \u2013 for Hould-Ward.[66] Nominated for the Tony Award for Best Musical, the production famously lost to Stephen Sondheim's Passion, which is considered to be his own version of the \"Beauty and the Beast\" fairy tale.[16] In 1995, some of Hould-Ward's costumes, namely Lumiere, were put on display in Nordstrom stores.[22] Meanwhile, Belle and the Beast's ballroom costumes were exhibited at Westside Pavilion, and Mrs. Potts and LeFou appeared at South Coast Plaza.[22]"}
{"id": "doc337580", "text": "Beauty and the Beast is considered to be Broadway's first legitimate family show,[13] responsible for birthing an entirely new generation of young theatregoers.[16] The family demographic of the musical established inspired international productions of Aladdin and Matilda.[13] According to The Complete Book of 1990s Broadway Musicals author Dan Dietz, \"the show's resounding success opened the floodgates for a spate of\u00c2\u00a0... productions based on Disney and other family-oriented films\", transforming Broadway into \"a theme park with a parade of musicals aimed at kids and teenagers.\"[1] Dietz believes that the plethora of Broadway musicals that came after Beauty and the Beast have unfortunately resembled \"feel-good family show[s] whose goal was to emulate its film source.\"[1] Additionally, the success of the musical inspired a legion of Broadway productions geared towards young women, including Hairspray (2002), Wicked (2003), Legally Blonde (2007), Matilda (2013) and Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella (2013).[1] While these musicals flourished on Broadway, it seems as though more serious, adult-oriented fare struggled to perform as well.[1] New York theatre critic Howard Kissel famously despised \"the Kiddy Komponent of New York theatergoing\" spearheaded by the successful 13-year Broadway run of Beauty and the Beast.[68] The success of Beauty and the Beast inspired Eisner invest in his own theatre to house future stage adaptations of the studio's animated classics.[69]"}
{"id": "doc338801", "text": "Babies, toddlers, children, teens, and adults can be advanced to their next life stage at any time during the 24 Sim hours before they will grow up automatically. For babies, this requires using the birthday cake. Toddlers, children, teens, and adults can use the \"Grow Up\" self-interaction. If the University expansion pack is installed, teens have the option to go to college, where they will be young adults for approximately 24 days. Aging can be disabled via cheats."}
{"id": "doc338809", "text": "Graphically, The Sims 2 is more detailed than The Sims and lets players view its world in full 3D. This is a change from earlier Sim games, such as SimCity 2000, which used dimetric projection and fixed resolutions, as the camera was in The Sims. In The Sims, Sims are 3D meshes, but The Sims 2 introduces far more detail in mesh quality, texture quality, and animation capability. A Sim's facial features are customizable and unique, and Sims can smile, frown, and blink. The player can adjust a Sim's features in the in-game Create-a-Sim tool; for example, noses can be made to be very large or very small. Texturing is achieved through use of raster images, though it appears more lifelike."}
{"id": "doc338810", "text": "The Sims 2 characters pass through seven life stages \u2014 babies, toddlers, children, teenagers, young adults (only with University), adults, and elders \u2014 with eventual death of old age, while babies in The Sims only become children before ceasing to continue aging. The aspiration system (described above) is also new to The Sims 2. Sims can become pregnant and produce babies that take on genetic characteristics of their parents, such as eye color, hair color, facial structure, and personality traits as opposed to Sims, in which the baby would take on random appearance and personality. Genetics play a major role in the game, and as such, dominant and recessive genes play a larger role than they did in the original game. A player can also aspire to have a Sim abducted by aliens. Males then have the chance to become impregnated and produce after three Sim days a half-alien child."}
{"id": "doc338813", "text": "After development concluded, designers from Maxis regarded The Sims 2 as very capricious during creation. Bugs would appear, and Sims would be \"tweaked\", or have anomalies not present in a previous run.[20]\nA teaser trailer was provided on the Makin' Magic CD but was later uploaded to websites all over the Internet."}
{"id": "doc338815", "text": "On July 16, 2014, Electronic Arts announced the end of support for The Sims 2. As a response The Sims 2: Ultimate Collection was released at the same time as a limited time offer.  The game became available for free download from Origin exclusively following an announcement by EA that they would no longer be supporting the Game.[22] This offer ended at 10:00 PDT July 31, 2014.[23][24][25] EA stated that they were planning on releasing the compilation as a retail release. However, as of now, no further information has since been released or confirmed on its planned retail release date, and the game has since been removed entirely from Origin as of the end of 2017."}
{"id": "doc338818", "text": "The Sims 2 had a successful E3.[33][34] The game also received the Editor's Choice Award from IGN and GameSpy upon final review of the finished product.[35][36] From 71 online reviews, the average score was 90 out of 100. Seven of those sources awarded the game a 100 out of 100 score.[37] X-Play gave the game a 4/5. Computer Gaming World awarded the game as their 2004 \"Strategy Game of the Year (General)\", beating out RollerCoaster Tycoon 3, The Political Machine, and Silent Storm.[38] However, critics noted some serious bugs in the game.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc338823", "text": "On July 22, 2005, former Florida attorney Jack Thompson alleged that Electronic Arts and The Sims 2 promoted nudity through the use of a mod or a cheat code. The claim was made that pubic hair, labia and other genital details were visible once the \"blur\" (the pixelation that occurs when a Sim is using the toilet or is naked in the game) was removed.[49] Electronic Arts executive Jeff Brown said in an interview with GameSpot:[50]"}
{"id": "doc338841", "text": "The Sims 2: Store Edition and the savegame can't be used with The Sims 2: Ultimate Collection."}
{"id": "doc338852", "text": "In the previous text Ashurnasirpal II mentions conquering an Island, Cyprus[8] demonstrating that Assyrian armies were not defeated by large bodies of water."}
{"id": "doc338854", "text": "Shalmaneser was the son of Ashurnasirpal II and like his father, expended much of his energies into fighting and expanding in the name of Ashur. However, while he did campaign for 31 years of his 35 years on the throne,[8] his death was met with unrealized dreams and ultimately civil conflict and another short period of instability within the empire. The cities of Aramea and Canaan once more began to rebel and in 853 BC. Shalmaneser III led an army to cross the Euphrates and into northern Aram. After taking Aleppo,[9] he encountered on the plains of central Syria a coalition of Aramean and Canaanite states, including forces sent by King Ahab of Israel. The outcome of the battle was most likely a stalemate for Shalmaneser III[9] \u00e2\u20ac\u201c although some vassal states were brought back into line, and later he campaigned on three more occasions against his opponents in 849, 845 and 838 BC, conquering much of the Levant. He failed to take Damascus but devastated much of its territory [9] however many of the Phoenician cities received a respite from Assyrian attacks during the reign of Shamshi-Adad V and the regent queen Semiramis.[10][11]"}
{"id": "doc338868", "text": "Ashurbanipal would be the last Assyrian King to have the ability to campaign in Phoenicia and much of Aram. Marching his army into Egypt (in order to safeguard Syria) he defeated the rebellious opponents there and installed puppet princes on the throne.[21] Egyptian attempts at taking Memphis ended miserably with Ashurbanipal marching south into Upper Egypt and taking Thebes \"like a floodstorm\".[21] His campaigning against Egypt coincided with another attempt to stop Tyre and Arvad from rebelling without being punished for it afterwards. With the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC, Aramea and Phoenicia gradually fell from Assyrian rule as Assyria was engulfed in bitter civil war which would see its downfall by 605 BC. Ironically, it would be the Assyrians former vassals, the Egyptians, who would attempt to aid the Assyrians as they moved the capital of their collapsing kingdom to Harran."}
{"id": "doc340624", "text": "Apple announced iOS 4 in March 2010 and it was released to the public on June 21, 2010 alongside the iPhone 4. With this release, Apple dropped support for the original iPhone and iPod Touch (1st generation), which is the first time Apple had dropped support for any device in an iOS release. The iPhone 3G and the iPod Touch (2nd generation) were capable of running iOS 4, but had limited features. For example, both devices lack multitasking capabilities and the ability to set a home screen wallpaper. However, iOS 4 was the first major release that iPod Touch users did not have to pay any money for. The release of iOS 4.2.1 brought compatibility to the original iPad and was the final supported release on the iPhone 3G and iPod Touch (2nd generation) due to major performance issues. The release of iOS 4.3 brought iPad 2 compatibility.[51][52] Support of iOS 4 ended in 2013."}
{"id": "doc343568", "text": "Catalytic activity related to RNA synthesis is associated with a very large protein, termed the L protein. This is a multi-enzymatic polypeptide that is responsible for multiple tasks. These activities span multiple domains, including mRNA synthesis/modification and the formation of ribonucleoproteins.[14][15] Through phylogenetic analysis, it was determined that NSV RNA polymerases share a common ancestor with other RNA polymerases from various origins.[8] This is further supported by various L proteins displaying highly conserved sequence blocks that are in series, yet separated by variable regions.[16]"}
{"id": "doc344833", "text": "The primary location for filming was at the St. Regis Bora Bora Resort, Bora Bora in French Polynesia.[4][citation needed] Other filming locations include Los Angeles, Universal Studios and O'Hare International Airport."}
{"id": "doc345111", "text": "Huq held the education portfolio in his cabinet. He introduced the Primary Education Bill in the Bengal Legislative Assembly, which was passed into law and made primary education free and compulsory. But there was a storm of protests from the opposition members and the press when Fazlul Huq introduced the Secondary Education Bill in the assembly as it incorporated 'principles of communal division in the field of education' at the secondary stage. Huq was associated with the foundation of many educational institutions in Bengal, including Calcutta's Islamia College and Lady Brabourne College, Wajid Memorial Girls' High School and Chakhar College."}
{"id": "doc345632", "text": "Inductive reasoning is inherently uncertain. It only deals in degrees to which, given the premises, the conclusion is credible according to some theory of evidence. Examples include a many-valued logic, Dempster\u2013Shafer theory, or probability theory with rules for inference such as Bayes' rule. Unlike deductive reasoning, it does not rely on universals holding over a closed domain of discourse to draw conclusions, so it can be applicable even in cases of epistemic uncertainty (technical issues with this may arise however; for example, the second axiom of probability is a closed-world assumption).[3]"}
{"id": "doc345642", "text": "Inductive reasoning has been criticized by thinkers as diverse as Sextus Empiricus[8] and Karl Popper.[9]"}
{"id": "doc345800", "text": "The remaining seven states all subsequently ratified the amendment:[35]"}
{"id": "doc346463", "text": "The film was released on VHS and DVD on February 3, 2004. While there is a high-definition digital release, it has yet to be released on Blu-ray Disc as of 2018."}
{"id": "doc346612", "text": "Estimates of Pakistan's stockpile of nuclear warheads vary. The most recent analysis, published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in 2010, estimates that Pakistan has 70\u201390 nuclear warheads.[126] In 2001, the US-based Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) estimated that Pakistan had built 24\u201348 HEU-based nuclear warheads with HEU reserves for 30\u201352 additional warheads.[127][128] In 2003, the US Navy Center for Contemporary Conflict estimated that Pakistan possessed between 35 and 95 nuclear warheads, with a median of 60.[129] In 2003, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace estimated a stockpile of approximately 50 weapons. By contrast, in 2000, US military and intelligence sources estimated that Pakistan's nuclear arsenal may be as large as 100 warheads.[130]"}
{"id": "doc346623", "text": "In 2010, Russian foreign ministry official Yuriy Korolev stated that there are somewhere between 120,000 and 130,000 people directly involved in Pakistan's nuclear and missile programs, a figure considered extremely large for a developing country.[137]"}
{"id": "doc346637", "text": "The government institutional organisation authorised to make critical decisions about Pakistan's nuclear posturing is the Pakistan National Command Authority (NCA), the genesis of which was in the 1970s and has been constitutionally established since February 2000.[158] The NCA is composed of two civic-military committees that advises and console both Prime minister and the President of Pakistan, on the development and deployment of nuclear weapons; it is also responsible for war-time command and control. In 2001, Pakistan further consolidated its nuclear weapons infrastructure by placing the Khan Research Laboratories and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission under the control of one Nuclear Defense Complex. In November 2009, Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari announced that he will be replaced by Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani as the chairman of NCA.[159] The NCA consists of the Employment Control Committee (ECC) and the Development Control Committee (DCC), both now chaired by the Prime Minister.[160] The Foreign minister and Economic Minister serves as a deputy chairmen of the ECC, the body which defines nuclear strategy, including the deployment and employment of strategic forces, and would advise the prime minister on nuclear use. The committee includes key senior cabinet ministers as well as the respective military chiefs of staff.[160] The ECC reviews presentations on strategic threat perceptions, monitors the progress of weapons development, and decides on responses to emerging threats.[160] It also establishes guidelines for effective command-and-control practices to safeguard against the accidental or unauthorised use of nuclear weapons.[160]"}
{"id": "doc347002", "text": "Another early printing of the rhyme was in Kate Greenaway's 1881 edition of Mother Goose; or, the Old Nursery Rhymes:"}
{"id": "doc349135", "text": "Despite having played in a mid-major conference, Butler rose to national prominence in the 1990s. They ranked in most media polls for all but a few weeks from the 2006\u201307 season to the 2011\u201312 season, and competed in the postseason every year since 1997, except for 2004, 2005, and 2014. In the 2010 NCAA Tournament, Butler was the National runner-up to Duke, advancing to the National Championship Game after defeating Michigan State in the Final Four.[2] With a total enrollment of only 4,500 students, Butler is the smallest school to play for a national championship since the tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985.[3] The Bulldogs also went to the championship game in the following NCAA Tournament, falling to UConn after defeating VCU in the Final Four. With the victory over VCU, Butler became the first mid-major program to reach the championship game in successive seasons since 1979, when seeding of the tournament began, and the only team from the state of Indiana to reach back-to-back championship games.[2]"}
{"id": "doc349744", "text": "On 4 May, Zidane led Real Madrid to a place in the 2016 UEFA Champions League final by beating Manchester City 1\u20130 on aggregate.[120] In La Liga, Real Madrid finished runners up, just one point behind Barcelona. In the Champions League final on 28 May, Real Madrid defeated fellow Madrid club Atl\u00e9tico Madrid in a penalty shootout to grab the 11th European Cup (La Und\u00e9cima) in club history. Zidane became the seventh man to win the European Cup (now UEFA Champions League) as both a player and a manager, the second man (after Miguel Mu\u00f1oz) to win the trophy with Real Madrid as both a player and a manager, and the first French manager, except the French-Argentinian Helenio Herrera, to win the trophy.[121][122][123]"}
{"id": "doc349747", "text": "On 3 June 2017, Zidane led Real Madrid to a 4\u20131 win against Italian side Juventus in the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final at Cardiff to grab the club's 12th European Cup (La Duod\u00e9cima). This victory meant that Madrid were the first ever team to win the Champions League back-to-back, as well as recording Zidane's first double as coach, and the club's first since 1956\u201357.[129] With Real's Champions League victory, Zidane became only the second manager to win the European Cup in his first two seasons in management, alongside fellow Real Madrid manager Jos\u00e9 Villalonga.[130]"}
{"id": "doc350535", "text": "The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country[41] advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology,[42] introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term \"natural diversity\" was common, introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, \"The Preservation of Natural Diversity.\" By the early 1980s TNC's Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins,[43] Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term \"biological diversity\"."}
{"id": "doc351821", "text": "Joe, Mike, and Hali advanced to the final round, where Joe won his second individual challenge in a row. Given the choice to take four other castaways with him on the reward, Joe chose to take Carolyn, Tyler, Will, and Shirin to earn their trust and bolster his minority alliance. Joe found a clue to a hidden immunity idol in a bottle Carolyn was drinking from; he managed to trick her into giving him the bottle and took the clue, but Tyler spotted him. The next morning, Joe shared the clue with Tyler, but Mike saw them sneak off and spied on them; Tyler told Mike about the clue to keep the Blue Collars' trust. Though Joe couldn't find the idol, Mike decided to frame him by claiming that he saw Joe find it, which sidelined Joe from continuing his search; Mike continued looking, and eventually found the idol."}
{"id": "doc352368", "text": "\"Hold My Hand\" is a duet performed by American recording artist Michael Jackson and Senegalese-American singer-songwriter Akon, from Jackson's first posthumous album Michael.[1] The song was originally recorded by Akon and Jackson in 2008. The song was an international top 10 hit in nations such as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom."}
{"id": "doc352904", "text": "Inductive reasoning contrasts strongly with deductive reasoning in that, even in the best, or strongest, cases of inductive reasoning, the truth of the premises does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion. Instead, the conclusion of an inductive argument follows with some degree of probability. Relatedly, the conclusion of an inductive argument contains more information than is already contained in the premises. Thus, this method of reasoning is ampliative."}
{"id": "doc352915", "text": "Empiricism (sometimes associated with Aristotle[64] but more correctly associated with British philosophers such as John Locke and David Hume, as well as their ancient equivalents such as Democritus) asserts that sensory impressions are the only available starting points for reasoning and attempting to attain truth. This approach always leads to the controversial conclusion that absolute knowledge is not attainable. Idealism, (associated with Plato and his school), claims that there is a \"higher\" reality, from which certain people can directly arrive at truth without needing to rely only upon the senses, and that this higher reality is therefore the primary source of truth."}
{"id": "doc353043", "text": "Worldwide, Four sold over 3.2 million copies in 2014.[39]"}
{"id": "doc353446", "text": "Despite some reasonable ratings across the six episodes that went to air in 2017, the show did not return in 2018.[3]"}
{"id": "doc353631", "text": "The film was released in select theaters and streaming on Netflix on October 13, 2017.[15]"}
{"id": "doc354084", "text": "In both the men's and women's NCAA college basketball tournaments, 64 teams are seeded into four brackets of 16 teams each. (From 2011, the men's tournament will feature a \"First Four\", with the four lowest-ranked conference champions and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams playing single games to enter the 64-team draw.) The #1 team plays the #16 team in each bracket, the #2 plays the #15, and so on. Theoretically, if a higher-ranked team always beats a lower-ranked team, the second game will be arranged #1 vs. #8, #2 vs. #7, etc.; the third will be arranged #1 vs. #4, #2 vs. #3; the fourth will be arranged #1 vs. #2. If for instance #9 beats #8 in the first game, the #9 will simply take the theoretical spot of #8 and play #1. Winners advance through each round, changing cities after every two rounds. The Final Four teams, one from each bracket, play each other in the last weekend, with the winner of the final two being awarded the championship."}
{"id": "doc354191", "text": "Continental club football tournaments have included round robin formats, such as the Copa Libertadores from the 1966 season, UEFA Champions League from the 1992/93 season, UEFA Cup from 2004/05, and the Asian and African Champions Leagues. Teams are seeded such that strongest teams should not meet until the end. In the UEFA Champions League, 32 teams are divided into eight groups of four. The group winners and runners-up advance to a two-game, total goals round, the eight third-placed teams move into the UEFA Cup third round, and the eight fourth-placed teams are eliminated."}
{"id": "doc355130", "text": "David Lee Roth dedicated the song to martial artist Benny Urquidez, of whom he was a student.[3]"}
{"id": "doc355524", "text": "Season five starts with Ross and Emily's wedding in London. The season features Monica and Chandler trying to keep their new relationship a secret from their friends. Phoebe gives birth to triplets in the show's 100th episode. She gives birth to a boy, Frank Jr. Jr., and two girls: Leslie and Chandler. Emily states that the only condition in which she would remain married to Ross is if he stops all communication with Rachel. Ross agrees, but during a last dinner with all six main characters together, Emily phones Ross and, upon discovering Rachel is there, realizes she does not trust him, which ends the marriage. Phoebe begins a relationship with a police officer, Gary (Michael Rapaport), after finding his badge and using it as her own. Monica and Chandler go public with their relationship, to the surprise and happiness of their friends. They decide to get married on a trip to Las Vegas, but change their plans after witnessing Ross and Rachel drunkenly stumble out of the wedding chapel."}
{"id": "doc355540", "text": "Although the producers always wanted to find the right stories to take advantage of being on location, Friends was never shot in New York. Bright felt that filming outside the studio made episodes less funny, even when shooting on the lot outside, and that the live audience was an integral part of the series.[47] When the series was criticized for incorrectly depicting New York, with the financially struggling group of friends being able to afford huge apartments, Bright noted that the set had to be big enough for the cameras, lighting, and \"for the audience to be able to see what's going on\";[47] the apartments also needed to provide a place for the actors to execute the funny scripts.[47] The fourth-season finale was shot on location in London because the producers were aware of the series' popularity in the UK.[47] The scenes were shot in a studio with three audiences each made up of 500 people. These were the show's largest audiences throughout its run. The fifth-season finale, set in Las Vegas, was filmed at Warner Bros. Studios, although Bright met people who thought it was filmed on location.[59]"}
{"id": "doc355666", "text": "In contrast to Windows Registry's binary-based database model, some other operating systems use separate plain-text files for daemon and application configuration, but group these configurations together for ease of management."}
{"id": "doc356178", "text": "In 1880, Hayes embarked on a 71-day tour of the American West, becoming the first sitting President to travel west of the Rocky Mountains. Hayes' traveling party included his wife and General William Tecumseh Sherman, who helped organize the trip. Hayes began his trip in September 1880, departing from Chicago on the transcontinental railroad. He journeyed across the continent, ultimately arriving in California, stopping first in Wyoming and then Utah and Nevada, reaching Sacramento and San Francisco. By railroad and stagecoach, the party traveled north to Oregon, arriving in Portland, and from there to Vancouver, Washington. Going by steamship, they visited Seattle, and then returned to San Francisco. Hayes then toured several southwestern states before returning to Ohio in November, in time to cast a vote in the 1880 Presidential Election.[185]"}
{"id": "doc356192", "text": "On the outbreak of war, the Confederates seized many of the state's army camps, though the Union retained control of the main seaports. There was little fighting in Florida, the only major conflict being the Battle of Olustee near Lake City in February 1864. However, wartime conditions made it easier for slaves to escape, and many of them became useful informers to Union commanders. As southern morale suffered, deserters from both sides took refuge in Florida, often attacking Confederate units and looting farms. In May 1865, Federal control was re-established, slavery abolished, and the state governor John Milton shot himself, rather than submit to Union occupation."}
{"id": "doc356961", "text": "The name of Roanoke Island comes from the Roanoke who originally resided on the island for at least 800 years prior to the coming of the English in the New World. The meaning of the word Roanoke itself is derived from the Powhowten language which was geographically close to the Roanoke. Roanoke means \"white beads made from shells\" or more literally (\"things rubbed smooth by hand\"). White beads were used as ornaments and currency for the Coastal Algonquin peoples of Virginia and North Carolina. The first Governor of Jamestown, Virginia, John Smith records the usage of the word Rawrenock in the Algonquin Powhowaten language."}
{"id": "doc357080", "text": "On September 27, 2011, Rogers Media announced that it would not be continuing the series beyond its fifth season. Then, on November\u00a015, 2011, it was reported that CBC had picked up the show and ordered a sixth season, which premiered on January\u00a07, 2013. On April\u00a02, 2013, CBC renewed the show for a seventh season, with 18 episodes,[14] which started on September\u00a030, 2013. In April 2014, the show was renewed for an eighth season.[15] On March\u00a04, 2015, CBC renewed Murdoch Mysteries for a ninth season.[16] It remains one of the CBC's most highly rated programs, regularly watched by more than 1.4\u00a0million viewers.[17]"}
{"id": "doc357235", "text": "At the time of establishment of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, the country had only one institution of higher learning, the Punjab University and among forty colleges expanded to four provinces of Pakistan.[5] Education policy revised by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan who adopted various recommendations of mathematician Ziauddin Ahmad, the government established various universities and colleges in all over the country. This led the establishment of University Grants Commission (UGC) by the constitution in Pakistan in 1947.[6] The same year, Mohammad Ali Jinnah held a National Education Conference (also known as Pakistan Education Conference) of academicians and state holders to revise the policy of higher education in the country, as he stated:"}
{"id": "doc357255", "text": "The creation of HEC has had a positive on higher education in Pakistan."}
{"id": "doc357412", "text": "Now will you tell us, Rudyard"}
{"id": "doc357482", "text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1996 American animated musical drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures. The 34th Disney animated feature film, the film is based on Victor Hugo's novel of the same name. The plot centers on Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer of Notre Dame, and his struggle to gain acceptance into society. Directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale and produced by Don Hahn, the film's voice cast features Tom Hulce, Demi Moore, Tony Jay, Kevin Kline, Paul Kandel, Jason Alexander, Charles Kimbrough, David Ogden Stiers, and Mary Wickes in her final film role."}
{"id": "doc357631", "text": "Furthermore, after realizing that Alison can't be 'A', the girls decided to work on proving Ali's innocence without incriminating Mike. However, 'A' has plans also for the liars. Hanna becomes a suspect in Mona's murder, and is arrested after her blood is found on Mona's clothes. Aria, Spencer, and Emily, along with Ezra and Caleb, try to get any evidence that could help Alison and Hanna, though 'A' keeps on getting one step ahead of them. Mike considers taking the stand on Alison's trial; while Caleb agrees with Mike, Aria and Ezra convinces him otherwise. Alison's trial ends with her being found guilty on Mona's murder, and subsequently, Aria, Spencer, and Emily are arrested as accessories. After being kidnapped by 'A' on their way to the prison, Hanna, Aria, Spencer and Emily awaken in a dollhouse lair, with rooms designed to look like their bedrooms with surveillance. They discover that Mona is alive; however she is going under the name Alison in the presence of 'A'. They attempt to leave during the \"prom\" 'A' forces them to create. Spencer then learns A's name: Charles, who is the oldest child of Kenneth and Jessica DiLaurentis. Upon managing to escape the dollhouse, they learn that they are surrounded by an electric fence and therefore trapped."}
{"id": "doc358937", "text": "The Commission on Appointments (Filipino: Komisyon sa Paghirang, abbreviated as CA) is a body of the Congress of the Philippines as provided by the Constitution. It confirms certain appointments made by the President of the Philippines. Article VII, Section 16 of the 1987 Constitution reads:"}
{"id": "doc358938", "text": "\"The President shall nominate and, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments, appoint the heads of the executive departments, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in him in this Constitution. He shall also appoint all other officers of the Government whose appointments are not otherwise provided for by law, and those whom he may be authorized by law to appoint. The Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of other officers lower in rank in the President alone, in the courts, or in the heads of departments, agencies, commissions, or boards.[1]"}
{"id": "doc358939", "text": "The only government official that is exempted is the Vice-President's appointment to a cabinet post. The nomination of a person to the Vice Presidency due to vacancy is handled by both houses of Congress, voting separately."}
{"id": "doc359025", "text": "In the following table, episodes are listed by the order in which they aired."}
{"id": "doc360768", "text": "In its present format, the UEFA Champions League begins in late June with four knockout qualifying rounds and a play-off round. The 6 surviving teams enter the group stage, joining 26 teams qualified in advance. The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams and play each other in a double round-robin system. The eight group winners and eight runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in May.[5] The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup.[6][7]"}
{"id": "doc360990", "text": "After The Governor executes most of the able-bodied Woodbury residents, who had been members of his army, only the children and elderly townspeople remain at Woodbury (under the watchful eye of Tyreese and Sasha). After Andrea's suicide due to being bitten, Rick and his group return to the prison with the remaining Woodbury survivors (including Tyreese, Sasha, Karen, Eryn, Jeanette, and Ms. McLeod), swelling the prison's population from the original ten to around 30. Six to seven months afterwards, numerous other survivors have joined the prison community, from various locations and backgrounds. Some of those people are Ryan Samuels, Mika Samuels, Patrick, Zach, Lizzie Samuels, Luke, Owen, Molly, Julio, and Charlie. The compound is initially peaceful and thriving, until a flu epidemic spreads throughout the community and infects numerous residents, killing many of those stricken. However, when the scouting group returns with medicine, the issue is resolved. Shortly afterwards, The Governor returns with a militia and executes the captive Hershel, igniting a firefight between the two groups. This battle leads to the fall of the prison community after The Governor tears down the fences. As a result of the flu and The Governor's assault, the numbers dwindle significantly. The escaping newcomers are found dead on the public transport bus for the prison, while five other newcomers remain alive. Lizzie and Mika are later killed, as well as Bob and lastly Tyreese. Sasha is only prison newcomer still alive."}
{"id": "doc361682", "text": "Firing a machine gun for prolonged periods produces large amounts of heat. In a worst-case scenario this may cause a cartridge to overheat and detonate even when the trigger is not pulled, potentially leading to damage or causing the gun to cycle its action and keep firing until it has exhausted its ammunition supply or jammed (this is known as cook-off, distinct from runaway fire where the sear fails to disengage when the trigger is released). To prevent this, some kind of cooling system is required. Early machine guns were often water-cooled; while very effective, the water also added considerable weight to an already bulky design. Air-cooled machine guns often feature quick-change barrels, often carried by a crew member, passive cooling fins, or in some designs systems of forced-air cooling such as that employed by the Lewis Gun. Advances in metallurgy and use of special composites in barrel liners allow for greater heat absorption and dissipation during firing. The higher the rate of fire, the more often barrels must be changed and allowed to cool. To minimize this, most air-cooled guns are fired only in short bursts or at a reduced rate of fire. Some designs \u2013 such as the many variants of the MG42 \u2013 are capable of rates of fire in excess of 1,200 rounds per minute."}
{"id": "doc361696", "text": "The first practical self-powered machine gun was invented in 1884 by Sir Hiram Maxim. The Maxim machine gun used the recoil power of the previously fired bullet to reload rather than being hand-powered, enabling a much higher rate of fire than was possible using earlier designs such as the Nordenfelt and Gatling weapons. Maxim also introduced the use of water cooling, via a water jacket around the barrel, to reduce overheating. Maxim's gun was widely adopted, and derivative designs were used on all sides during the First World War. The design required fewer crew and was lighter and more usable than the Nordenfelt and Gatling guns. First World War combat experience demonstrated the military importance of the machine gun. The United States Army issued four machine guns per regiment in 1912, but that allowance increased to 336 machine guns per regiment by 1919.[17]"}
{"id": "doc361697", "text": "Heavy guns based on the Maxim such as the Vickers machine gun were joined by many other machine weapons, which mostly had their start in the early 20th century such as the Hotchkiss machine gun. Submachine guns (e.g., the German MP 18) as well as lighter machine guns (the first light machine gun deployed in any significant number being the Madsen machine gun, with the Chauchat and Lewis gun soon following) saw their first major use in World War I, along with heavy use of large-caliber machine guns. The biggest single cause of casualties in World War I was actually artillery, but combined with wire entanglements, machine guns earned a fearsome reputation."}
{"id": "doc361702", "text": "Submachine guns evolved during the war, going from complex and finely made weapons like the Thompson submachine gun to weapons designed for mass-production and easy replacement like the Sten gun. On the Eastern Front, entire Soviet divisions were equipped with nothing but the PPSh-41 submachine gun. Experience in close-range city combat led to the German military desiring a weapon representing a compromise between the high fire volume of the SMG and the accuracy of a full-size rifle; after a false start with the FG 42, this led to the development of the MP44 select-fire assault rifle, the first weapon to be called such."}
{"id": "doc361706", "text": "The most common interface on machine guns is a pistol grip and trigger. On earlier manual machine guns, the most common type was a hand crank. On externally powered machine guns, such as miniguns, an electronic button or trigger on a joystick is commonly used. Light machine guns often have a butt stock attached, while vehicle and tripod mounted machine guns usually have spade grips. In the late 20th century, scopes and other complex optics became more common as opposed to the more basic iron sights."}
{"id": "doc362493", "text": "It was the first final since 1978 in which neither Germany nor Brazil competed (and the second since 1938); it was also the first all-European final since Italy won the 1982 FIFA World Cup, and the second final to be decided on penalties (1994 was the first, with Italy losing on that occasion). It was also Italy's first world title in 24 years, and their fourth overall, putting them one ahead of Germany/West Germany and only one behind Brazil. The penalty shoot-out victory for Italy was that country's first in the World Cup Finals: Italy's three previous penalty shoot-out competitions (including the 1994 final) had all been lost. The victory also led to Italy topping the FIFA World Rankings in February 2007 for the first time since November 1993."}
{"id": "doc364632", "text": "In late December 2009, Jackson announced his interest in the movie adaptation of the novel Mortal Engines.[58] In October 2016, Jackson announced that the film would be his next project as producer and co-writer, alongside Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens once again. The script will be directed by his long-time collaborator Christian Rivers.[59][60][61] The film will star Robert Sheehan, Hera Hilmar, Hugo Weaving, Jihae, Leila George, Ronan Raftery, and Stephen Lang. It is scheduled for release in theatres on December 14, 2018.[62]"}
{"id": "doc364943", "text": "The first printed version from Mother Goose's Melody (London, c. 1765), has the following lyrics:"}
{"id": "doc365042", "text": "On February 22, 1819, Spain and the United States reached agreement on the Transcontinental Treaty, which ceded Florida to the United States in return for the United States relinquishing its claim on Texas. The official boundary of Texas was set at the Sabine River (the current boundary between Texas and Louisiana), then following the Red and Arkansas Rivers to the 42nd parallel (California's current northern border).[164][170] For the next two years, until early February 1821, Spain delayed ratification of the treaty, using it as leverage to prevent the United States from formally recognizing one of the rebellious Spanish colonies as an independent nation.[171] During this period many Americans spoke out against the treaty and the renunciation of the claim to Texas.[172] An essay in the City of Washington Gazette denounced the treaty, claiming that \"'a league'\" of the land in Texas was worth more to the United States \"'than the whole territory west of the Rocky Mountains'\".[173]"}
{"id": "doc365451", "text": "The best-known source of alpha particles is alpha decay of heavier (> 106 u atomic weight) atoms. When an atom emits an alpha particle in alpha decay, the atom's mass number decreases by four due to the loss of the four nucleons in the alpha particle. The atomic number of the atom goes down by exactly two, as a result of the loss of two protons\u00a0\u2013 the atom becomes a new element. Examples of this sort of nuclear transmutation are when uranium becomes thorium, or radium becomes radon gas, due to alpha decay."}
{"id": "doc365452", "text": "Alpha particles are commonly emitted by all of the larger radioactive nuclei such as uranium, thorium, actinium, and radium, as well as the transuranic elements. Unlike other types of decay, alpha decay as a process must have a minimum-size atomic nucleus that can support it. The smallest nuclei that have to date been found to be capable of alpha emission are beryllium-8 and the lightest nuclides of tellurium (element 52), with mass numbers between 106 and 110. The process of alpha decay sometimes leaves the nucleus in an excited state, wherein the emission of a gamma ray then removes the excess energy."}
{"id": "doc365455", "text": "Especially energetic alpha particles deriving from a nuclear process are produced in the relatively rare (one in a few hundred) nuclear fission process of ternary fission. In this process, three charged particles are produced from the event instead of the normal two, with the smallest of the charged particles most probably (90% probability) being an alpha particle. Such alpha particles are termed \"long range alphas\" since at their typical energy of 16 MeV, they are at far higher energy than is ever produced by alpha decay. Ternary fission happens in both neutron-induced fission (the nuclear reaction that happens in a nuclear reactor), and also when fissionable and fissile actinides nuclides (i.e., heavy atoms capable of fission) undergo spontaneous fission as a form of radioactive decay. In both induced and spontaneous fission, the higher energies available in heavy nuclei result in long range alphas of higher energy than those from alpha decay."}
{"id": "doc365459", "text": "The energy of the alpha emitted in alpha decay is mildly dependent on the half-life for the emission process, with many orders of magnitude differences in half-life being associated with energy changes of less than 50% (see alpha decay)."}
{"id": "doc366445", "text": "Over 15% of the film was shot in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic both at and Amber Museum and Mount Isabela de Torres. The crew moved to Warner Bros. Studios' Stage 16 to shoot the T. rex's attack on the LSX powered SUVs.[40] Shooting proved frustrating because of water soaking the foam rubber skin of the animatronic dinosaur, which caused the animatronic T. rex to shake and quiver from the extra weight when the foam absorbed the water. This forced Stan Winston's crew to dry the model with shammys between takes.[45] On the set, Malcolm distracting the dinosaur with a flare was included at Jeff Goldblum's suggestion, as he felt a heroic action was better than going by the script, where like Gennaro, Malcolm would get scared and run away.[13] The ripples in the glass of water caused by the T. rex's footsteps were inspired by Spielberg listening to Earth, Wind and Fire in his car, and the vibrations the bass rhythm caused. Lantieri was unsure of how to create the shot until the night before filming, when he put a glass of water on a guitar he was playing, which achieved the concentric circles in the water Spielberg wanted. The next morning, guitar strings were put inside the car and a man on the floor plucked the strings to achieve the effect.[46] Back at Universal, the crew filmed scenes with the Dilophosaurus on Stage 27. Finally, the shoot finished on Stage 12, with the climactic chases with the raptors in the Park's computer rooms and Visitor's Center.[47] Spielberg changed the climax to bring back the T. rex, abandoning the original ending in which Grant uses a platform machine to maneuver a raptor into a fossil tyrannosaur's jaws.[48] The scene which already had the juxtaposition of live dinosaurs in a museum filled with fossils, while also destroying the bones, now also had an ending where the T. rex saved the protagonists, and afterwards did what Spielberg described as a \"King Kong roar\" while an ironic banner reading \"When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth\" flew.[13] The film wrapped twelve days ahead of schedule on November 30,[49] and within days, editor Michael Kahn had a rough cut ready, allowing Spielberg to go ahead with filming Schindler's List.[50]"}
{"id": "doc367206", "text": "Polymath, logician, mathematician, philosopher, and scientist Charles Sanders Peirce (1839\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1914) coined the term \"pragmatism\" in the 1870s.[52] He was a member of The Metaphysical Club, which was a conversational club of intellectuals that also included Chauncey Wright, future Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and another early figure of pragmatism, William James.[51] In addition to making profound contributions to semiotics, logic, and mathematics, Peirce wrote what are considered to be the founding documents of pragmatism, \"The Fixation of Belief\" (1877) and \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear\" (1878)."}
{"id": "doc367220", "text": "In his book Scepticism and Animal Faith he asserts that knowledge is not the result of reasoning. Instead, knowledge is what is required in order to act and successfully engage with the world.[62] As a naturalist, Santayana was a harsh critic of epistemological foundationalism. The explanation of events in the natural world is within the realm of science, while the meaning and value of this action should be studied by philosophers. Santayana was accompanied in the intellectual climate of 'common sense' philosophy by the thinkers of the New Realism movement, such as Ralph Barton Perry."}
{"id": "doc367417", "text": "An entity (person or a corporation) may be compelled to produce documentary evidence in accordance with the subpoena powers of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 as applied by Bankruptcy Rule 9016. The United States Bankruptcy Court has powers to compel production of documents from a non-debtor corporation or person concerning transactions involving the debtor corporation or person. Production of documents can be challenged as being burdensome. Assets diverted to outside corporations or bank accounts/stock portfolios and such other assets as land holdings lie within the power to compel production under subpoena duces tecum. Federal law recognizes no accountant-client privilege. A subpoena duce tecum served pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 2004 is not a violation of accountant-client privilege. 11 United States Code section 107 (a) provides that papers filed in cases under the Bankruptcy Code and dockets of the Bankruptcy Courts are public records and are to be open to examination at reasonable times without charge.[49]"}
{"id": "doc367643", "text": "Lucky Starr's Great Britain and Ireland version starts: \"I was peddlin\u2019 me bike on a narrow road near Brightlingsea, When along came a lorry and pulled up alongside o\u2019 me, \u2018Ere chuck your bike up on the back cop and with me you can ride, So I climbed up in the cabin and I settled down inside, He told me of the towns he\u2019d seen and bashed me ear for several miles, I said \u2018ere, mug it cop, I\u2019ve been to every town in these \u2018ere isles.\""}
{"id": "doc368643", "text": "By 1850, 9,000 miles (14,000\u00a0km) of railroad lines had been built.[11] The federal government operated a land grant system between 1855 and 1871, through which new railway companies in the uninhabited West were given millions of acres they could sell or pledge to bondholders. A total of 129\u00a0million acres (520,000\u00a0km2) were granted to the railroads before the program ended, supplemented by a further 51\u00a0million acres (210,000\u00a0km2) granted by the states, and by various government subsidies. This program enabled the opening of numerous western lines, especially the Union Pacific-Central Pacific with fast service from San Francisco to Omaha and east to Chicago. West of Chicago, many cities grew up as rail centers, with repair shops and a base of technically literate workers.[12]"}
{"id": "doc368654", "text": "By 1880 the nation had 17,800 freight locomotives carrying 23,600 tons of freight, and 22,200 passenger locomotives. The U.S. railroad industry was the nation's largest employer outside of the agricultural sector.[31] The effects of the American railways on rapid industrial growth were many, including the opening of hundreds of millions of acres of very good farm land ready for mechanization, lower costs for food and all goods, a huge national sales market, the creation of a culture of engineering excellence, and the creation of the modern system of management.[32][33]"}
{"id": "doc368673", "text": "Resurgence of freight railroads in the 1980s"}
{"id": "doc368686", "text": "Though electric railways expanded in Europe, they never reached the same popularity in North America. They were built primarily in the north-west and the north-east beginning in the late 19th century. While some railroads used electric locomotives for both freight and passenger trains, by the end of the 20th century most freight trains were pulled only by diesel locomotives. The Northeast Corridor, the most heavily travelled passenger line in the US, is one of few long lines currently operating with electrification. See Railroad electrification in the United States."}
{"id": "doc368707", "text": "But there was also a dark side. As early as the 1830s, novelists and poets began fretting that the railroads would destroy the rustic attractions of the American landscape. By the 1840s concerns were rising about terrible accidents when speeding trains crashed into helpless wooden carriages.[104] By the 1870s, railroads were vilified by Western farmers who absorbed the Granger movement theme that monopolistic carriers controlled too much pricing power, and that the state legislatures had to impose maximum prices. Local merchants and shippers supported the demand and got some \"Granger Laws\" passed.[105] Anti-railroad complaints were loudly repeated in late 19th century political rhetoric.[106] The idea of establishing a strong rate fixing federal body was achieved during the Progressive Era, primarily by a coalition of shipping interests.[107] Railroad historians mark the Hepburn Act of 1906 that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates as a damaging blow to the long-term profitability and growth of railroads.[108] After 1910 the lines faced an emerging trucking industry to compete with for freight, and automobiles and buses to compete for passenger service.[109]"}
{"id": "doc368860", "text": "The radial scale is r\u2032(d) and the transverse scale r(d)/(R\u00a0sin\u00a0d/R) where R is the radius of the Earth."}
{"id": "doc368910", "text": "In 1994 the bantustans and the Tricameral Parliament were abolished and the right to vote for the National Assembly was granted to all adult citizens."}
{"id": "doc369151", "text": "Van Gogh suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions and though he worried about his mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly and drank heavily. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with a razor, when in a rage, he severed part of his own left ear. He spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-R\u00e9my. After he discharged himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, he came under the care of the homoeopathic doctor Paul Gachet. His depression continued and on 27 July 1890, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a revolver. He died from his injuries two days later."}
{"id": "doc369166", "text": "Mauve took Van Gogh on as a student and introduced him to watercolour, which he worked on for the next month before returning home for Christmas.[63] He quarrelled with his father, refusing to attend church, and left for The Hague.[note 5][66] Within a month Van Gogh and Mauve fell out, possibly over the viability of drawing from plaster casts.[67] Van Gogh could afford to hire only people from the street as models, a practice of which Mauve seems to have disapproved.[68] In June Van Gogh suffered a bout of gonorrhoea and spent three weeks in hospital.[69] Soon after, he first painted in oils,[70] bought with money borrowed from Theo. He liked the medium, and spread the paint liberally, scraping from the canvas and working back with the brush. He wrote that he was surprised at how good the results were.[71]"}
{"id": "doc369169", "text": "In September 1883, Van Gogh moved to Drenthe in the northern Netherlands. In December, driven by loneliness, he went to live with his parents, then in Nuenen, North Brabant.[81]"}
{"id": "doc369170", "text": "In Nuenen, Van Gogh focused on painting and drawing. Working outside and very quickly, he completed sketches and paintings of weavers and their cottages.[82] From August 1884, Margot Begemann, a neighbour's daughter ten years his senior, joined him on his forays; she fell in love and he reciprocated, though less enthusiastically. They wanted to marry, but neither side of their families were in favour. Margot was distraught and took an overdose of strychnine, but survived after Van Gogh rushed her to a nearby hospital.[75] On 26 March 1885, his father died of a heart attack.[83]"}
{"id": "doc369187", "text": "Still Life with Glass of Absinthe and a Carafe, 1887. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam"}
{"id": "doc369193", "text": "Van Gogh wrote that with The Night Caf\u00e9 he tried \"to express the idea that the caf\u00e9 is a place where one can ruin oneself, go mad, or commit a crime\".[124] When he visited Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in June, he gave lessons to a Zouave second lieutenant \u2013 Paul-Eug\u00e8ne Milliet[125] \u2013 and painted boats on the sea and the village.[126] MacKnight introduced Van Gogh to Eug\u00e8ne Boch, a Belgian painter who sometimes stayed in Fontvieille, and the two exchanged visits in July.[125]"}
{"id": "doc369204", "text": "Van Gogh's Chair, 1888. National Gallery, London"}
{"id": "doc369210", "text": "Despite a pessimistic diagnosis, Van Gogh recovered and returned to the Yellow House on 7 January 1889.[155] He spent the following month between hospital and home, suffering from hallucinations and delusions of poisoning.[156] In March, the police closed his house after a petition by 30 townspeople (including the Ginoux family) who described him as \"le fou roux\" (the redheaded madman);[149] Van Gogh returned to hospital. Paul Signac visited him twice in March;[157] in April Van Gogh moved into rooms owned by Dr Rey after floods damaged paintings in his own home.[158] Two months later, he left Arles and voluntarily entered an asylum in Saint-R\u00e9my-de-Provence. Around this time, he wrote, \"Sometimes moods of indescribable anguish, sometimes moments when the veil of time and fatality of circumstances seemed to be torn apart for an instant.\"[159]"}
{"id": "doc369220", "text": "Between February and April 1890 Van Gogh suffered a severe relapse. Depressed and unable to bring himself to write, he was still able to paint and draw a little during this time,[168] and he later wrote to Theo that he had made a few small canvases \"from memory\u00a0... reminisces of the North\".[169] Among these was Two Peasant Women Digging in a Snow-Covered Field at Sunset. Hulsker believes that this small group of paintings formed the nucleus of many drawings and study sheets depicting landscapes and figures that Van Gogh worked on during this time. He comments that this short period was the only time that Van Gogh's illness had a significant effect on his work.[170] Van Gogh asked his mother and his brother to send him drawings and rough work he had done in the early 1880s so he could work on new paintings from his old sketches.[171] Belonging to this period is Sorrowing Old Man (\"At Eternity's Gate\"), a colour study Hulsker describes as \"another unmistakable remembrance of times long past\".[90][172] His late paintings show an artist at the height of his abilities, according to the art critic Robert Hughes, \"longing for concision and grace\".[114]"}
{"id": "doc369227", "text": "The painter Charles Daubigny moved to Auvers in 1861, and in turn drew other artists there, including Camille Corot and Honor\u00e9 Daumier. In July 1890, Van Gogh completed two paintings of Daubigny's Garden, one of which is likely his final work.[178]"}
{"id": "doc369234", "text": "Van Gogh drew, and painted with watercolours while at school, but only a few examples survive and the authorship of some has been challenged.[199] When he took up art as an adult, he began at an elementary level. In early 1882, his uncle, Cornelis Marinus, owner of a well-known gallery of contemporary art in Amsterdam, asked for drawings of The Hague. Van Gogh's work did not live up to expectations. Marinus offered a second commission, specifying the subject matter in detail, but was again disappointed with the result. Van Gogh persevered; he experimented with lighting in his studio using variable shutters, and with different drawing materials. For more than a year he worked on single figures\u00a0\u2013 highly elaborate studies in black and white,[note 11] which at the time gained him only criticism. Later, they were recognised as early masterpieces.[201]"}
{"id": "doc369236", "text": "Theo criticised The Potato Eaters for its dark palette, which he thought unsuitable for a modern style.[206] During Van Gogh's stay in Paris between 1886 and 1887, he tried to master a new, lighter palette. His Portrait of P\u00e8re Tanguy (1887) shows his success with the brighter palette, and is evidence of an evolving personal style.[207] Charles Blanc's treatise on colour interested him greatly, and led him to work with complementary colours. Van Gogh came to believe that the effect of colour went beyond the descriptive; he said that \"colour expresses something in itself\".[208][209] According to Hughes, Van Gogh perceived colour as having a \"psychological and moral weight\", as exemplified in the garish reds and greens of The Night Cafe, a work he wanted to \"express the terrible passions of humanity\".[210] Yellow meant the most to him, because it symbolised emotional truth. He used yellow as a symbol for sunlight, life, and God.[211]"}
{"id": "doc369237", "text": "Van Gogh strove to be a painter of rural life and nature,[212] and during his first summer in Arles he used his new palette to paint landscapes and traditional rural life.[213] His belief that a power existed behind the natural led him to try to capture a sense of that power, or the essence of nature in his art, sometimes through the use of symbols.[214] His renditions of the sower, at first copied from Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet, reflect Van Gogh's religious beliefs: the sower as Christ sowing life beneath the hot sun.[215] These were themes and motifs he returned to often to rework and develop.[216] His paintings of flowers are filled with symbolism, but rather than use traditional Christian iconography he made up his own, where life is lived under the sun and work is an allegory of life.[217] In Arles, having gained confidence after painting spring blossoms and learning to capture bright sunlight, he was ready to paint The Sower.[208]"}
{"id": "doc369240", "text": "Van Gogh's stylistic developments are usually linked to the periods he spent living in different places across Europe. He was inclined to immerse himself in local cultures and lighting conditions, although he maintained a highly individual visual outlook throughout. His evolution as an artist was slow, and he was aware of his painterly limitations. He moved home often, perhaps to expose himself to new visual stimuli, and through exposure develop his technical skill.[224] Art historian Melissa McQuillan believes the moves also reflect later stylistic changes, and that Van Gogh used the moves to avoid conflict, and as a coping mechanism for when the idealistic artist was faced with the realities of his then current situation.[225]"}
{"id": "doc369261", "text": "Still Life: Vase with Irises Against a Yellow Background, May 1890, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam [245]"}
{"id": "doc369270", "text": "The Flowering Orchards (also the Orchards in Blossom) are among the first groups of work completed after Van Gogh's arrival in Arles in February 1888. The 14 paintings are optimistic, joyous and visually expressive of the burgeoning spring. They are delicately sensitive and unpopulated. He painted swiftly, and although he brought to this series a version of Impressionism, a strong sense of personal style began to emerge during this period. The transience of the blossoming trees, and the passing of the season, seemed to align with his sense of impermanence and belief in a new beginning in Arles. During the blossoming of the trees that spring, he found \"a world of motifs that could not have been more Japanese\".[251] Vincent wrote to Theo on 21 April 1888 that he had 10 orchards and \"one big [painting] of a cherry tree, which I've spoiled\".[252]"}
{"id": "doc369276", "text": "Many of the late paintings are sombre but essentially optimistic and, right up to the time of Van Gogh's death, reflect his desire to return to lucid mental health. Yet some of his final works reflect his deepening concerns.[256][257] Writing in July 1890, from Auvers, Van Gogh said that he had become absorbed \"in the immense plain against the hills, boundless as the sea, delicate yellow\".[181]"}
{"id": "doc369277", "text": "Van Gogh was captivated by the fields in May when the wheat was young and green. His Wheatfields at Auvers with White House shows a more subdued palette of yellows and blues, which creates a sense of idyllic harmony.[258]"}
{"id": "doc369278", "text": "About 10 July 1890 Van Gogh wrote to Theo of \"vast fields of wheat under troubled skies\".[259] Wheatfield with Crows shows the artist's state of mind in his final days; Hulsker describes the work as a \"doom-filled painting with threatening skies and ill-omened crows\".[184] Its dark palette and heavy brushstrokes convey a sense of menace.[260]"}
{"id": "doc369287", "text": "In Paris in 1901 a large Van Gogh retrospective was held at the Bernheim-Jeune Gallery, which excited Andr\u00e9 Derain and Maurice de Vlaminck, and contributed to the emergence of Fauvism.[267] Important group exhibitions took place with the Sonderbund artists in Cologne in 1912, the Armory Show, New York in 1913, and Berlin in 1914.[271] Henk Bremmer was instrumental in teaching and talking about Van Gogh,[272] and introduced Helene Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller to Van Gogh's art; she became an avid collector of his work.[273] The early figures in German Expressionism such as Emil Nolde acknowledged a debt to Van Gogh's work.[274] Bremmer assisted Jacob Baart de\u00a0la\u00a0Faille, whose catalogue raisonn\u00e9 L'Oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh appeared in 1928.[275][note 15]"}
{"id": "doc369291", "text": "Van Gogh's nephew and namesake, Vincent Willem van Gogh (1890\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1978),[287] inherited the estate after his mother's death in 1925. During the early 1950s he arranged for the publication of a complete edition of the letters presented in four volumes and several languages. He then began negotiations with the Dutch government to subsidise a foundation to purchase and house the entire collection.[288] Theo's son participated in planning the project in the hope that the works would be exhibited under the best possible conditions. The project began in 1963; architect Gerrit Rietveld was commissioned to design it, and after his death in 1964 Kisho Kurokawa took charge.[289] Work progressed throughout the 1960s, with 1972 as the target for its grand opening.[287]"}
{"id": "doc369298", "text": "In July 2016, McGowan joined the cast of The CW science fiction TV series The 100, playing King Roan of the Ice Nation, after having previously played the role as a guest star.[13]"}
{"id": "doc369618", "text": "The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina. This adjustment of the lens is known as accommodation (see also below). Accommodation is similar to the focusing of a photographic camera via movement of its lenses. The lens is more flat on its anterior side than on its posterior side."}
{"id": "doc369873", "text": "The four unities is a concept in the common law of real property describing conditions that must exist in order for certain kinds of property interests to be created. Specifically, these four unities must be met in order for two or more people to own property as joint tenants with right of survivorship, or for a married couple to own property as tenants by the entirety. Some jurisdictions may require additional unities."}
{"id": "doc370299", "text": "Ter Haar and Cameron[34] distinguished between those theories that consider a closed system, which is a development of the Sun and possibly a solar envelope, that starts with a protosun rather than the Sun itself, and state that Belot calls these theories monistic; and those that consider an open system, which is where there is an interaction between the Sun and some foreign body that is supposed to have been the first step in the developments leading to the planetary system, and state that Belot calls these theories dualistic."}
{"id": "doc371078", "text": "During its first four seasons, Dawson's Creek was primarily filmed in Wilmington, North Carolina, at EUE/Screen Gems studios and on location around Wilmington, with Southport and Wrightsville Beach also standing in for the fictional town of Capeside, a port city located in mid-Cape Cod.[17] The Wilmington area benefited greatly from the show. While a number of films, commercials and music videos had been shot at the studios, Dawson's Creek was the first to occupy numerous soundstages for many years. Other shows as One Tree Hill later occupied some of those same soundstages for several years and used some of the same locations in Wilmington.[18] In addition to business brought into the community by the project, it attracted attention to the city as a filming location and boosted tourism.[19] The visitors' bureau distributed a special guide to filming locations used in the show.[18]"}
{"id": "doc371079", "text": "For the Leery, Lindley, and Potter homes private residences located along the shores of Hewletts Creek, a stream in New Hanover County, were used.[20] Some of the scenes shown during the opening credits and miscellaneous scenery shots throughout the early episodes were filmed in Martha's Vineyard, an island off the coast of Massachusetts, as well as Masonboro.[18] Interiors for the Potter family's The Icehouse restaurant were filmed at The Icehouse bar in downtown Wilmington, while exteriors were filmed at the Dockside Restaurant in Wrightsville Beach. Nearby constructions at the real Icehouse later forced producers to eliminate the bar from the storyline by burning it down.[18] Other prominent exterior shots include Alderman Hall on the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's campus, serving for Capeside High School.[17]"}
{"id": "doc373861", "text": "It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2018.[26] Premiering at TIFF with a runtime of 137 minutes, the film was later trimmed by some twenty minutes in order to tighten the pacing, a source of contention in many critical reviews.[25] The film will have its European premiere at the London Film Festival in October 2018.[27] The film is scheduled to be released on November 9, 2018.[28]"}
{"id": "doc374002", "text": "Volume rendering of a high resolution computed tomography of the thorax. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the root of the lung have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation."}
{"id": "doc374355", "text": "The radio-announcer that Peter listens to on the rainy day near the beginning of the film is played by Douglas Gresham, co-producer of the movie and C. S. Lewis's stepson.[4] Keynes' voice broke during filming, so some of his voice track had to be re-looped by his sister Soumaya.[4] Mr. Pevensie is only glimpsed in a photo which Edmund tries to retrieve during the bombing, which is of Sim-Evan Jones' father.[5]"}
{"id": "doc376238", "text": "The goal of harmonizing state law is important because of the prevalence of commercial transactions that extend beyond one state.  For example, goods may be manufactured in State A, warehoused in State B, sold from State C and delivered in State D.  The UCC therefore achieved the goal of substantial uniformity in commercial laws and, at the same time, allowed the states the flexibility to meet local circumstances by modifying the UCC's text as enacted in each state.  The UCC deals primarily with transactions involving personal property (movable property), not real property (immovable property)."}
{"id": "doc376241", "text": "The Code, as the product of private organizations, is not itself the law, but only a recommendation of the laws that should be adopted in the states.  Once enacted by a state, the UCC is codified into the state's code of statutes.  A state may adopt the UCC verbatim as written by ALI and NCCUSL, or a state may adopt the UCC with specific changes.  Unless such changes are minor, they can seriously obstruct the Code's express objective of promoting uniformity of law among the various states.  Thus persons doing business in different states must check local law."}
{"id": "doc376243", "text": "In one or another of its several revisions, the UCC has been fully enacted[3] with only minimal changes in 49 states, as well as in the District of Columbia, Guam,[4] the Northern Mariana Islands,[5] and the U.S. Virgin Islands.  In addition, both Louisiana and Puerto Rico have enacted most provisions of the UCC with only minimal changes, except Articles 2 and 2A, preferring instead to maintain their own civil law tradition for governing the sale and lease of goods.[6][7]  Also, some Native American tribes have adopted portions of the UCC, including the Navajo Nation that adopted Articles 1, 2, 3, and 9 with only minimal changes.[8]"}
{"id": "doc376250", "text": "The overriding philosophy of the Uniform Commercial Code is to allow people to make the contracts they want, but to fill in any missing provisions where the agreements they make are silent.  The law also seeks to impose uniformity and streamlining of routine transactions like the processing of checks, notes, and other routine commercial paper.  The law frequently distinguishes between merchants, who customarily deal in a commodity and are presumed to know well the business they are in, and consumers, who are not."}
{"id": "doc376272", "text": "The Model Tribal Secured Transactions Act (MTSTA), a model act tailored to provide Native American tribes with a legal system to govern secured transactions in Indian country, was derived from the UCC, primarily Article 9."}
{"id": "doc376427", "text": "Statue at Upper Entrance"}
{"id": "doc376565", "text": "Attendance and interest in the Women's Division I Championship have grown over the years, especially from 2003 to 2016, when the final championship game was moved to the Tuesday following the Monday men's championship game.[1] The women's championship game is the penultimate overall game of the college basketball season since 2017. From 1982 to 1990, 1996 to 2002, and since 2017 the Women's Final Four is usually played on the Friday before the Men's Final Four or the hours before the men played on the final Saturday of the tournament. The final was usually played the Sunday afternoon following the Men's Final Four; since 2017, Sunday evening."}
{"id": "doc376580", "text": "Since 1982, at least one #1 seed has made the Final Four every year."}
{"id": "doc377034", "text": "Throughout the series, he is joined by others in his quest to protect Starling City. The characters that eventually aid Queen's vigilante efforts include: former soldier John Diggle (David Ramsey), I.T. expert and skilled hacker Felicity Smoak (Emily Bett Rickards), former assassin Sara Lance (Caity Lotz), aspiring vigilante Roy Harper (Colton Haynes), Oliver's sister Thea / Speedy (Willa Holland), and attorney-turned-vigilante Laurel Lance (Katie Cassidy). The group also receives support from Quentin Lance (Paul Blackthorne) who works at the police department. Characters from Oliver's past appear in a separate story arc based on Oliver's flashbacks, which highlight parallels from Oliver's history that shape events in the main story."}
{"id": "doc377065", "text": "In season one, Thea is battling a drug and alcohol problem which she used to fill the pain of losing her brother. After court-ordered community service from taking \"Vertigo\", she grows to be more responsible. Thea's addiction with Vertigo causes a bitter animosity between Oliver's vigilante alter-ego and the drug's creator, The Count. She also falls in love with Roy Harper, a lifelong street criminal who she meets when he steals her purse. Though he initially has no romantic interest in Thea despite an obvious physical attraction to her, mainly out of resentment of her wealth, Roy later begins to genuinely fall in love with her."}
{"id": "doc377067", "text": "In season three, Thea is in Corto Maltese receiving combat training from Malcolm, though she soon decides to return to Starling with Oliver. She reopens her nightclub after Malcolm secretly buys the foundry from Queen Consolidated for her. She learns Oliver's secret identity as the Arrow when he shows her his hideout under the nightclub and begins to distrust Malcolm after learning that he already knew Oliver's secret. After Thea is told that her father used her as a pawn against both Oliver and Ra\u02bes al Ghul by drugging and manipulating her into killing Sara Lance, she arranges for him to be captured by the League in retaliation. She reconciles with Roy but is nearly killed by Ra\u02bes and brought back to life in the Lazarus Pit in exchange for Oliver joining the League of Assassins. Thea blames herself for letting her brother join the League. Roy breaks up with her when he leaves Starling City after faking his death, hoping that Thea can make a life of her own without him. He also leaves her his red costume which she wears to become a vigilante herself as his successor."}
{"id": "doc377105", "text": "In season five, an illusion of Malcolm appears in the Dominators' dream world and opposes Oliver, Thea, John, Ray and Sara when they try to leave, but is swiftly killed by Thea. Malcolm appears in flashbacks working with Konstantin Kovar, giving him sarin gas in exchange for the means to acquire information on Unidac Industries to build the earthquake device. Malcolm returns in the penultimate episode of season five, offering Oliver his assistance in saving his friends, most importantly Thea. After Malcolm frees Thea, Felicity, Curtis and Samantha, Thea accidentally steps on a landmine. As Captain Boomerang approaches them, Malcolm takes Thea's place, telling the others to run. As they run, the landmine is seen exploding in the distance, presumably killing Malcolm and Captain Boomerang."}
{"id": "doc377106", "text": "Malcolm Merlyn is based on the DC Comics character of the same birth name and is the main antagonist of season one."}
{"id": "doc377466", "text": "Although the phenomenon is referred to as \"proton decay\", the effect would also be seen in neutrons bound inside atomic nuclei. Free neutrons\u2014those not inside an atomic nucleus\u2014are already known to decay into protons (and an electron and an antineutrino) in a process called beta decay. Free neutrons have a half-life of about 10 minutes (7002610200000000000\u2660610.2\u00b10.8\u00a0s)[10] due to the weak interaction. Neutrons bound inside a nucleus have an immensely longer half-life\u2014apparently as great as that of the proton."}
{"id": "doc377856", "text": "Another video game, titled Hotel Transylvania, developed by WayForward and published by GameMill Entertainment, was released on September 18, 2012, for Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS at retail.[53][54] The game was also released in the Nintendo eShop in North America on November 15, 2012.[55]"}
{"id": "doc378250", "text": "which searches for printf in section 3 of the man pages."}
{"id": "doc378301", "text": "Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular bacterial chromosome of DNA located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid.[55] The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes[56] and candidate phylum Poribacteria[57] may be exceptions to the general absence of internal membranes in bacteria, because they appear to have a double membrane around their nucleoids and contain other membrane-bound cellular structures. Like all living organisms, bacteria contain ribosomes, often grouped in chains called polyribosomes, for the production of proteins, but the structure of the bacterial ribosome is different from that of eukaryotes and Archaea.[58] Bacterial ribosomes have a sedimentation rate of 70S (measured in Svedberg units): their subunits have rates of 30S and 50S. Some antibiotics bind specifically to 70S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Those antibiotics kill bacteria without affecting the larger 80S ribosomes of eukaryotic cells and without harming the host."}
{"id": "doc379480", "text": "Upon retirement, it is customary for the Sovereign to grant a Prime Minister some honour or dignity. The honour bestowed is commonly, but not invariably, membership of the United Kingdom's most senior order of chivalry, the Order of the Garter. The practice of creating a retired Prime Minister a Knight (or, in the case of Margaret Thatcher, a Lady) of the Garter (KG and LG respectively) has been fairly prevalent since the mid-nineteenth century. Upon the retirement of a Prime Minister who is Scottish, it is likely that the primarily Scottish honour of Knight of the Thistle (KT) will be used instead of the Order of the Garter, which is generally regarded as an English honour.[note 13]"}
{"id": "doc380173", "text": "Withers recalled to Songfacts the original inspiration for the song:"}
{"id": "doc380683", "text": "Tim Burton signed with Walt Disney Pictures to direct two films in Disney Digital 3D, which included Alice in Wonderland[40] and his remake of Frankenweenie. Burton developed the story because he never felt an emotional tie to the original book.[41]"}
{"id": "doc381154", "text": "In March 2016, K. Todd Freeman and Patrick Warburton were cast as Mr. Poe and Lemony Snicket respectively.[55][56] The first season, consisting of eight episodes that cover the first four books, was released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017.[57] A Series of Unfortunate Events was renewed for a second season, which was released on March 30, 2018, and consisted of ten episodes that adapt books five through nine of the novel series.[58] The television series was also renewed for a third and final season, which will air in early 2019 and will also adapt the four remaining books(The Slippery Slope, The Grim Grotto,The Penultimate Peril, and The End. The last season will have 7 episodes, The End only being one episode instead of the standard two episodes. (It is assumed Handler will remain on as screenwriter of the new seasons.[59][60]"}
{"id": "doc381292", "text": "Captain James H. Burton, who was an armorer at the Harper's Ferry Armory, developed an improvement on Mini\u00c3\u00a9's design when he added a deep cavity at the base of the ball, which filled up with gas and expanded the bullet's rim upon firing. The result was not only better range, but also a cheaper bullet, which was used in the Crimean War and then the American Civil War.[1] Burton's version of the ball weighed two ounces.[5]"}
{"id": "doc381923", "text": "Bootlegs exist of Lennon's original demo of the song, which was recorded on 31 May 1963. An acoustic demo from the same era was released on iTunes in December 2013 on the album The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963."}
{"id": "doc382065", "text": "He will return to earth with them, to establish His kingdom of peace and that they will reign with Him as a royal priesthood. After the conclusion of the kingdom of peace, He will hold the Last Judgment. Then God will create a new heaven and a new earth and dwell with His people\"."}
{"id": "doc382236", "text": "The Earth and its Moon are one example of this configuration. Today, the Moon is tidally locked to the Earth; one of its revolutions around the Earth (currently about 29 days) is equal to one of its rotations about its axis, so it always shows one face to the Earth. The Moon will continue to recede from Earth, and Earth's spin will continue to slow gradually. In about 50\u00a0billion years, if they survive the Sun's expansion, the Earth and Moon will become tidally locked to each other; each will be caught up in what is called a \"spin\u2013orbit resonance\" in which the Moon will circle the Earth in about 47 days and both Moon and Earth will rotate around their axes in the same time, each only visible from one hemisphere of the other.[97][98] Other examples are the Galilean moons of Jupiter (as well as many of Jupiter's smaller moons)[99] and most of the larger moons of Saturn.[100]"}
{"id": "doc382548", "text": "In 1996, Eric Cantona became the first non-British or Irish player to captain a winning side in the FA Cup Final."}
{"id": "doc383147", "text": "Twin Peaks premiered on Showtime on May 21, 2017, with a two-hour episode.[2] After the airing, the premiere and an additional two episodes became available online, and the series aired in weekly increments from that point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes.[2] It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale.[91]"}
{"id": "doc384744", "text": "At his trial, Nino pleads guilty to a lesser charge, claims to have been forced to help the gang due to threats, and identifies Kareem as the leader. When Nino is sentenced to only one year in jail, Scotty is outraged. As Nino speaks with reporters outside of the courtroom, the old man again confronts Nino and shoots him in the chest. Scotty and Nick are both satisfied as Nino falls over the balcony to his death. As onlookers look down at Nino's body, an epilogue states to the viewers that decisive action must be taken to stop real-life Nino Brown analogues."}
{"id": "doc386043", "text": "Under Diocletian, the political division of the Roman Empire began. In 285, he promoted Maximian to the rank of Augustus (Emperor) and gave him control of the Western regions of the Empire. In 293, Galerius and Constantius Chlorus were appointed as their subordinates (Caesars), creating the First Tetrarchy. This system effectively divided the Empire into four major regions and created separate capitals besides Rome as a way to avoid the civil unrest that had marked the 3rd century. In the West, the capitals were Maximian's Mediolanum (now Milan) and Constantius' Trier. In the East, the capitals were Sirmium and Nicomedia. On 1 May 305, the two senior Augusti stepped down, and their respective Caesars were promoted to Augusti and appointed two new Caesars, thus creating the Second Tetrarchy."}
{"id": "doc386637", "text": "The Bad News Bears was filmed in and around Los Angeles, primarily in the San Fernando Valley. The field where they played is in Mason Park on Mason Avenue in Chatsworth. In the film, the Bears were sponsored by an actual company, Chico's Bail Bonds. One scene was filmed in the council chamber at Los Angeles City Hall."}
{"id": "doc387897", "text": "Egypt's far-reaching prestige declined considerably toward the end of the Third Intermediate Period. Its foreign allies had fallen under the Assyrian sphere of influence, and by 700\u00a0BC war between the two states became inevitable. Between 671 and 667\u00a0BC the Assyrians began their attack on Egypt. The reigns of both Taharqa and his successor, Tanutamun, were filled with constant conflict with the Assyrians, against whom Egypt enjoyed several victories. Ultimately, the Assyrians pushed the Kushites back into Nubia, occupied Memphis, and sacked the temples of Thebes.[54]"}
{"id": "doc388281", "text": "Patients typically present in good health, with normal respirations and heart rate. If the PDA is moderate or large, widened pulse pressure and bounding peripheral pulses are frequently present, reflecting increased left ventricular stroke volume and diastolic run-off of blood into the (initially lower-resistance) pulmonary vascular bed. Prominent suprasternal and carotid pulsations may be noted secondary to increased left ventricular stroke volume."}
{"id": "doc388285", "text": "In the developing fetus, the DA is the vascular connection between the pulmonary artery and the aortic arch that allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus' lungs, which are fluid-filled and compressed. During fetal development, this shunt protects the right ventricle from pumping against the high resistance in the lungs, which can lead to right ventricular failure if the DA closes in utero."}
{"id": "doc388286", "text": "When the newborn takes his or her first breath, the lungs open and pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. After birth, the lungs release bradykinin to constrict the smooth muscle wall of the DA and reduce blood flow as it narrows and then completely closes. In most newborns with a patent ductus arteriosus, the blood flow is reversed from that of in utero flow; i.e., the blood flow is from the higher-pressure aorta to the now lower-pressure pulmonary arteries."}
{"id": "doc388290", "text": "An echocardiogram of a stented persisting ductus arteriosus: One can see the aortic arch and the stent leaving. The pulmonary artery is not seen."}
{"id": "doc388419", "text": "As of 2018, a total of 1,043 people have been executed in Pennsylvania since 1693,[1] the 3rd highest of any other state or commonwealth in the Union, after New York (1,130) and Virginia (1,361).[2]"}
{"id": "doc388464", "text": "Belle is the fifth Disney Princess, first introduced in Disney's 30th animated feature film Beauty and the Beast (1991). Based on the heroine of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont, Belle was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton[36] and originally animated by James Baxter[37] and Mark Henn.[38] Originally voiced by Paige O'Hara, Belle is currently voiced by Julie Nathanson. O'Hara will, however, return as the voice of Belle in the 2018 film Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2.[39]"}
{"id": "doc388484", "text": "Snow White has her own ride at Disneyland, Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Paris known as \"Snow White's Scary Adventures\"."}
{"id": "doc388703", "text": "After fair ratings for the first three series, it was announced in January 2010 that the BBC had secured funding from the North East Content Fund to produce further episodes of the series. The fourth series was filmed from January to June 2011, and was broadcast that autumn. On 26 March 2012 the BBC announced that four new feature-length episodes were being produced to air later the same year.[1] The fifth series ended on a dramatic cliffhanger, with the fate of both leading characters uncertain. However, in September 2012, lead writer Peter Flannery confirmed that a sixth series consisting of four episodes had been commissioned.[2] The sixth series aired in February 2014. A seventh series of four episodes was subsequently commissioned, and began airing in April 2015.[3] The eighth and final series was broadcast in 2017.[4]"}
{"id": "doc389941", "text": "The top two conference winners received a first-round bye; each played at home against the winner of an elimination match involving two of the four other playoff teams. As in the previous system, the final was hosted by the top surviving seed."}
{"id": "doc390322", "text": "If there is no contract under 2-207(1), then under UCC Sec. 2-207(3), conduct by the parties that recognize there is a contract may be sufficient to establish a contract. The terms for this contract include only those that the parties agree on and the rest via gap fillers."}
{"id": "doc391076", "text": "The song reached number one in more than seven countries and was one of the most popular singles of 1979."}
{"id": "doc391398", "text": "The championship games are usually held at a neutral site, usually a college or NFL stadium needed to accommodate the larger crowds. College and professional fields are also usually better equipped to handle inclement weather which is common since state championship games are typically held in late November to the middle of December. In the vast majority of states, all championship games are played at one site, such as the UNI-Dome in Iowa, War Memorial Stadium in Arkansas, Pratt & Whitney Stadium in Connecticut, Camp Randall Stadium in Wisconsin, Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Georgia (formerly the Georgia Dome), Ford Field in Michigan, the DakotaDome in South Dakota, Kroger Field in Kentucky, the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in Louisiana, Lucas Oil Stadium in Indiana, Memorial Stadium in Nebraska, the Carrier Dome in New York, and AT&T Stadium in Texas."}
{"id": "doc391459", "text": "The Beatles' recording of this song also appeared as the opening track in the 1997 Time-Life 6-CD boxed set, Gold And Platinum: The Ultimate Rock Collection."}
{"id": "doc391548", "text": "Minute Maid Park (home of the Astros) and Toyota\u00a0Center (home of the Rockets), are located in downtown Houston. Houston has the NFL's first retractable-roof stadium with natural grass, NRG Stadium (home of the Texans).[169] Minute Maid Park is also a retractable-roof stadium. Toyota Center also has the largest screen for an indoor arena in the United States built to coincide with the arena's hosting of the 2013 NBA All-Star Game.[170] BBVA Compass Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium for the Houston Dynamo, the Texas Southern Tigers football team, and Houston Dash, located in East Downtown. In addition, NRG\u00a0Astrodome was the first indoor stadium in the world, built in 1965.[171] Other sports facilities include Hofheinz\u00a0Pavilion (Houston Cougars basketball), Rice Stadium (Rice Owls football), and Reliant Arena. TDECU Stadium is where the University of Houston Houston Cougars football team plays.[172] Houston has hosted several major sports events: the 1968, 1986 and 2004 Major League Baseball All-Star Games; the 1989, 2006 and 2013 NBA All-Star Games; Super Bowl VIII and Super Bowl XXXVIII, as well as hosting the 2005 World Series and 1981, 1986, 1994 and 1995 NBA Finals, winning the latter two. NRG Stadium hosted Super Bowl LI on February 5, 2017.[173]"}
{"id": "doc392061", "text": "While the church at Rome claimed a special authority over the other churches, the extant documents of that era yield \"no clear-cut claims to, or recognition, of papal primacy.\"[27][28]"}
{"id": "doc392076", "text": "After the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great legalized Christianity (with the Edict of Milan), he summoned the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea in 325. The bishops at the council confirmed the position of the metropolitan sees of Rome and Alexandria as having authority outside their own province, and also the existing privileges of the churches in Antioch and the other provinces.[65] These sees were later called Patriarchates.[citation needed] These were given an order of precedence: Rome, as capital of the empire was naturally given first place, then came Alexandria and Antioch. In a separate canon the Council also approved the special honor given to Jerusalem over other sees subject to the same metropolitan.[66]"}
{"id": "doc392077", "text": "Roman dominate Emperor Theodosius I convened the second ecumenical council (Constantinople I) at the imperial capital city in 381. The council elevated the see of Constantinople, to a position ahead of the other chief metropolitan sees, except that of Rome thus raising it above the sees of Alexandria and Antioch.[b] This action has been described as sowing the seed for the ecclesiastical rivalry between Constantinople and Rome which was ultimately a factor leading to the schism between East and West.[68][69][c] It demarcated the territory within the praetorian prefecture of the East into five canonical territories corresponding to the five civil dioceses: Diocese of Egypt (metropolis in Alexandria), Diocese of the East (metropolis in Antioch), Diocese of Asia (Metropolis of Ephesus), Diocese of Pontus (metropolis in Caesarea Cappadociae), and Diocese of Thrace (metropolis in Heraclea, later under Constantinople);[citation needed][49][self-published source][71] The council mentioned the churches in the civil dioceses of Asia, Pontus, and Thrace, it decreed that the synod of each province should manage the ecclesiastical affairs of that province alone, except for the privileges already recognized for sees of Alexandria and Antioch.[71]"}
{"id": "doc392155", "text": "The Roman Catholic Church's current official teachings about papal privilege and power that are unacceptable to the Eastern Orthodox churches are the dogma of the pope's infallibility when speaking officially \"from the chair of Peter (ex cathedra Petri)\" on matters of faith and morals to be held by the whole Church, so that such definitions are irreformable \"of themselves, and not by the consent of the Church\" (ex sese et non ex consensu ecclesiae)[240] and have a binding character for all (Catholic) Christians in the world; the pope's direct episcopal jurisdiction over all (Catholic) Christians in the world; the pope's authority to appoint (and so also to depose)[citation needed] the bishops of all (Catholic) Christian churches except in the territory of a patriarchate;[241] and the affirmation that the legitimacy and authority of all (Catholic) Christian bishops in the world derive from their union with the Roman see and its bishop, the Supreme Pontiff, the unique Successor of Peter and Vicar of Christ on earth.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc392476", "text": "A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love of a beautiful young woman named Belle who he imprisons in his castle. All this must be done before the last petal falls from the enchanted rose on his twenty-first birthday. In all animated film appearances, the Beast is voiced by American actor Robby Benson. The 1991 animated film was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1994, with the role being originated by American actor Terrence Mann. Dan Stevens portrays the character in a 2017 live-action adaptation of the original 1991 film."}
{"id": "doc392481", "text": "In the original tale, the Beast is seen to be kind-hearted for the most part, and gentleman-like, with only an occasional tendency to be hot-tempered. Disney's interpretation of the Beast made him more constantly angry and depressed, due to the shame from his unkind actions which led to his transformation, and particularly his struggle of reconciling his hideous appearance with his inner humanity which made him feel hopeless about breaking the curse. Supervising animator Glen Keane describes The Beast as \"a twenty-one-year-old guy who's insecure, wants to be loved, wants to love, but has this ugly exterior and has to overcome this.\"[3] Upon his reform under his love interest Belle, his personality changes to refined and more even-tempered, while naive about the world at the same time."}
{"id": "doc392488", "text": "Unknown to Beast, Belle writes him a special book which he doesn't see until later on. She also meets Forte later on in a chance meeting. Forte tells her that Beast's favorite Christmas tradition was the Christmas tree. Belle becomes frustrated, for no tree she has seen on the grounds has been tall enough to hang ornaments. Forte lies to Belle, saying that a perfect tree can be found in the woods beyond the castle. Reluctant to go against Beast's orders that she never leave the castle, Belle leaves nonetheless in order to find the perfect tree. When Belle does not arrive to see Beast's Christmas present to her, he begins to suspect that she isn't there at all. When Cogsworth, having been ordered to retrieve Belle, explains that the household cannot find her, Beast becomes enraged. He goes to Forte to ask for advice, and Forte lies that Belle has abandoned him. Beast manages to find Belle and saves her in time from drowning after she fell through thin ice."}
{"id": "doc392492", "text": "In the fourth part, The Broken Wing, the Beast loses his temper with Belle again when she brings an injured bird into the castle, as he dislikes birds. As he tries to chase the bird out, however, he falls over on the stairs and hits his head hard, stripping him of his hatred for birds. However, his selfishness still remains, and he locks the bird in a cage in his room, demanding that it sing for him whenever he demands it. The bird, terrified, refuses, until Belle teaches the Beast that the bird will only sing when happy. The Beast lets the bird out, and learns to consider others before himself."}
{"id": "doc392494", "text": "Beast appears as a major Disney character in the bestselling video game series Kingdom Hearts."}
{"id": "doc392495", "text": "In the first Kingdom Hearts, during a time in which the spell had not yet broken, Beast's home is attacked by the Heartless, led by Maleficent, who take Belle captive. Determined to rescue Belle, Beast goes as far as to exploit the power of darkness and risk his own life to transport himself to Hollow Bastion, where Belle is being held captive with the other six Princesses of Heart. Upon arriving in Hollow Bastion, Beast is confronted by Riku, who challenges him to a duel and easily defeats him. Beast is saved at the last minute by Sora, Donald and Goofy, who are looking for Kairi. Allying himself with Sora, since Donald and Goofy have temporarily joined Riku, Beast fights the Heartless and protects Sora while they work their way into the Hollow Baston castle. Entering the castle, Beast, Sora, Donald and Goofy fight their way through until they encounter and defeat Maleficent, who transforms into her dragon form and challenges them once again, only to be defeated once more. The four heroes find Kairi, but the circumstances cause Sora, Donald, Goofy and Kairi to leave Hollow Bastion, and Beast states that he will not leave without Belle. Later on, Beast encounters Sora once again when he returns to Hollow Bastion to lock the Keyhole. During their second search, Beast and Sora find Belle, who embraces Beast and presents Sora with the Divine Rose Keychain. In the Final Mix version of the game, Beast allies himself with Sora once again to fight and defeat Xemnas (then known as \"Unknown\")."}
{"id": "doc392497", "text": "After Sora defeats Ansem, all the previously attacked worlds are restored, including Beast's Castle. Afterwards, Beast and Belle return to their home to carry on with their lives. However, the peace is shattered once again when Beast is approached by Xaldin of Organization XIII to do his bidding. Xaldin is determined to manipulate Beast into becoming a Heartless. If that happens, Beast will not only become a strong Heartless which Sora would have to destroy and feed to Kingdom Hearts, but also leave behind a powerful Nobody for Xaldin to use as he wishes (just like what happened to Xehanort). Manipulated and controlled, Beast is forced to allow the Heartless into the castle and lock the entire servant staff in the dungeons, with Belle too scared to intervene. Beast starts mistreating Belle. When Sora, Donald and Goofy arrive, they are encountered by Beast, who attacks them without hesitation. Sora wins the battle, and Beast comes back to his senses thanks to his servants who were released by Sora. Xaldin appears to flee. Later on, during a ball, Xaldin returns and steals the rose, throwing Beast into a depression and causing him to ask Belle and Sora to leave his castle. However a pep talk from Sora spurs him back into action. Xaldin confronts them and sends his Nobodies at them. They fight the Nobodies off, but Xaldin escapes to the castle drawbridge with Belle and the rose. Belle manages to escape from Xaldin's clutches with the rose, and Xaldin is then killed by Beast, Sora, Donald and Goofy. Belle gives Beast the rose but he is more relieved that she wasn't hurt. Beast then bids a grateful farewell to Sora, and returns to a normal life with Belle, until the spell is finally broken and Beast turns back into a human at the end of the game (a scene witnessed during the game's credits following completion). Beast's Limit attack for Kingdom Hearts II is Twin Howl, where he and Sora violently roar together and slash at enemies furiously."}
{"id": "doc392505", "text": "The Prince was hosting a debutante ball at his castle when a beggar woman appeared at his castle and offered a single rose as payment for shelter from an oncoming storm. The Prince turned her away twice, prompting the beggar to reveal herself to be an enchantress. The Enchantress placed a powerful spell upon the kingdom, turning the Prince into a beast and the servants into animated household objects, while also wiping all memory of the castle from the nearby village's inhabitants. If the Beast was unable to love another and earn that person's love in return, by the time the last petal on the enchanted rose fell, he would remain a beast forever, and in addition his servants would become inanimate antiques."}
{"id": "doc393303", "text": "Joint Sessions and Joint Meetings are traditionally presided over by the Speaker of the House except for the joint session to count electoral votes for President, when the Constitution requires the President of the Senate (the Vice President of the United States) to preside."}
{"id": "doc393485", "text": "Anything you do say may, and will, be given in evidence."}
{"id": "doc397020", "text": "The song's video was shot at Bishop Ford Central Catholic High School in the Prospect Park area of Brooklyn, New York. It was directed by Michael Moore and filmed by four students from the host and other local schools: Chris, 17; Steve, 17; Andy, 18; Charlotte, 13; Roger, 18; and Juan, 17. In the video, Peter Buck and Mike Mills can be seen entering the Career Guidance office with their respective instruments in hand, only to leave armed with nothing more than a dustpan and brush. Bertis Downs makes an appearance as the school's announcer, only to have his microphone commandeered by Michael Stipe."}
{"id": "doc397701", "text": "Give me blood! I will give you freedom\u00a0..."}
{"id": "doc398772", "text": "In an announcement on June 28, 2004, Cassini program scientists described the measurement of the rotational period of Saturn.[66] Because there are no fixed features on the surface that can be used to obtain this period, the repetition of radio emissions was used. This new data agreed with the latest values measured from Earth, and constituted a puzzle to the scientists. It turns out that the radio rotational period had changed since it was first measured in 1980 by Voyager 1, and it was now 6 minutes longer. This, however, does not indicate a change in the overall spin of the planet, but is thought to be due to movement of the source of the radio emissions to a different latitude, at which the rotation rate is different."}
{"id": "doc398839", "text": "The city's and state's status within the new union under the United States Constitution written in 1787 was under question when Governor George Clinton proved reluctant to submit state power to a strong national government, and was opposed to ratification. Some New York City businessmen proposed New York City secession as an alternative to join the union separately, but Alexander Hamilton and others argued persuasively in the Federalist Papers, published in city newspapers, for state ratification, which after much dispute finally passed in 1788. George Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States on the balcony of Federal Hall in 1789, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted in the city. The Supreme Court of the United States sat for the first time in New York. After 1790, Congress left for Philadelphia."}
{"id": "doc398865", "text": "The visual cortex receives its blood supply primarily from the calcarine branch of the posterior cerebral artery."}
{"id": "doc398870", "text": "The primary visual cortex is the most studied visual area in the brain. In mammals, it is located in the posterior pole of the occipital lobe and is the simplest, earliest cortical visual area. It is highly specialized for processing information about static and moving objects and is excellent in pattern recognition.[clarification needed]"}
{"id": "doc399017", "text": "In 1823, after the independence of M\u00e9xico, it seemed imminent that his body would be desecrated, so the mausoleum was removed, the statue and the coat of arms were sent to Palermo, Sicily, to be protected by the Duke of Terranova. The bones were hidden, and everyone thought that they had been sent out of M\u00e9xico. In 1836, his bones were moved to another place in the same building.[clarification needed]"}
{"id": "doc399025", "text": "The muralist Diego Rivera painted several representation of him but the most famous, depicts him as a powerful and ominous figure along with Malinche in a mural in the National Palace in Mexico City."}
{"id": "doc399027", "text": "Later, another monument, known as \"Monumento al Mestizaje\" by Juli\u00e1n Mart\u00ednez y M. Maldonado (1982) was commissioned by Mexican president Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez Portillo to be put in the \"Z\u00f3calo\" (Main square) of Coyoacan, near the place of his country house, but it had to be removed to a little known park, the Jard\u00edn Xicot\u00e9ncatl, Barrio de San Diego Churubusco, to quell protests. The statue depicts Cort\u00e9s, Malinche and their son Mart\u00edn.[50]"}
{"id": "doc399642", "text": "The song was released in the spring of that year and became a top ten hit on the pop charts, reaching #10 and later going gold.[3] It became Tex's biggest hit until the release of \"I Gotcha\" in 1972. During his early years with The Jackson 5, Michael Jackson, who later listed Tex as one of his idols, performed the song and often did it going into audiences and peeking under women's skirts on the behest of his father Joseph.[4]"}
{"id": "doc400438", "text": "Jerusalem was the first center of the church, according to the Book of Acts, and according to the Catholic Encyclopedia: the location of \"the first Christian church\".[8] The apostles lived and taught there for some time after Pentecost.[9] Jesus' brother James was a leader in the church, and his other kinsmen likely held leadership positions in the surrounding area after the destruction of the city until its rebuilding as Aelia Capitolina, c. 130, when all Jews were banished from the city.[9] In about 50, Barnabas and Paul went to Jerusalem to meet with the \"pillars of the church\":[10] James, Peter, and John. Later called the Council of Jerusalem, this meeting, among other things, confirmed the legitimacy of the mission of Barnabas and Paul to the gentiles, and the gentile converts' freedom from most Mosaic law, especially circumcision, which was repulsive to the Hellenic mind.[11] Thus, the Apostolic Decree (Acts 15:19\u201321) may be a major act of differentiation of the Church from its Jewish roots[12], though the decree may simply parallel Jewish Noahide Law and thus be a commonality rather than a differential. In roughly the same time period Rabbinic Judaism made their circumcision requirement of Jewish boys even stricter.[13]"}
{"id": "doc400460", "text": "Rome and Alexandria, which by tradition held authority over sees outside their own province,[54] were not yet referred to as patriarchates.[55]"}
{"id": "doc400486", "text": "By the latter half of the 2nd century, Christianity had spread east throughout Media, Persia, Parthia, and Bactria. The twenty bishops and many presbyters were more of the order of itinerant missionaries, passing from place to place as Paul did and supplying their needs with such occupations as merchant or craftsman. By AD 280 the metropolis of Seleucia assumed the title of \"Catholicos\" and in A.D. 424 a council of the church at Seleucia elected the first patriarch to have jurisdiction over the whole church of the East. The seat of the Patriarchate was fixed at Seleucia-Ctesiphon, since this was an important point on the East-West trade routes which extended both to India and China, Java and Japan. Thus the shift of ecclesiastical authority was away from Edessa, which in A.D. 216 had become tributary to Rome. the establishment of an independent patriarchate with nine subordinate metropoli contributed to a more favourable attitude by the Persian government, which no longer had to fear an ecclesiastical alliance with the common enemy, Rome."}
{"id": "doc400631", "text": "Off the Wall is the fifth studio album by American singer Michael Jackson, released on August 10, 1979 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records. It was his nineteenth album in total since Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 (1969), as well as his first album released through Epic Records, the label he would record on until his death roughly 30 years later. It was released following Jackson's critically well-received film performance in The Wiz. While working on that project, Jackson and Quincy Jones had become friends, and Jones agreed to work with Jackson on his next studio album."}
{"id": "doc401103", "text": "The name \"Uber\" is a reference to the common (and somewhat slangy) word \"uber\", meaning \"topmost\" or \"super\", and having its origins in the German word \u00fcber, meaning \"above\".[9]"}
{"id": "doc401759", "text": "The film was scheduled for release in the US on December 11, 2015, but was released in major markets like Brazil, Russia, India and 37 other countries, as well as parts of the US, on December 3, 2015 to avoid competition from Star Wars: The Force Awakens.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc402145", "text": "Although the Spanish had colonized Florida for two centuries, the state remained the last part of the east coast of the United States to be developed and explored.[21] Following the Civil War, the State of Florida was too far in debt to build roads and rail lines to further its progress. Florida Governor William Bloxham in 1881 appealed directly to a Pennsylvania-based industrialist named Hamilton Disston, initially to build canals to improve steamboat passage through the Caloosahatchee River, and later to drain lands in the central part of the state for agriculture. Disston was furthermore persuaded to purchase 4,000,000 acres (16,000\u00c2\u00a0km2) of land in central Florida for $1 million, which at the time was reported to be the largest purchase of land in human history. Disston was ultimately unsuccessful in his drainage attempts, but his investment sparked the tourist industry and made possible the efforts of railroad magnates Henry Morrison Flagler and Henry Bradley Plant to construct rail lines down the east coast of Florida, including a rail link between Sanford and Tampa. Disston was responsible for creating the towns of Kissimmee, St. Cloud, and several others on the west coast of Florida.[121][122]"}
{"id": "doc402317", "text": "\"Northern Buddhism\""}
{"id": "doc403589", "text": "The modern academic discipline of sociology began with the work of \u00c9mile Durkheim (1858\u20131917). While Durkheim rejected much of the detail of Comte's philosophy, he retained and refined its method, maintaining that the social sciences are a logical continuation of the natural ones into the realm of human activity, and insisting that they may retain the same objectivity, rationalism, and approach to causality.[2] Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895.  In the same year he argued, in The Rules of Sociological Method (1895):[3] \"[o]ur main goal is to extend scientific rationalism to human conduct... What has been called our positivism is but a consequence of this rationalism.\"[4] Durkheim's seminal monograph Suicide (1897), a case study of suicide rates amongst Catholic and Protestant populations, distinguished sociological analysis from psychology or philosophy."}
{"id": "doc404141", "text": "The ecumenical councils followed a democratic form, with each bishop having one vote. Though present and allowed to speak before the council, members of the Imperial Roman/Byzantine court, abbots, priests, monks and laymen were not allowed to vote. The primary goal of these Great Synods was to verify and confirm the fundamental beliefs of the Church as truth, and to remove as heresy any false teachings that would threaten the Church. The Pope of Rome, at that time, held the position of \"first among equals\". And while he was not present at any of the councils he continued to hold this title until the East\u2013West Schism of 1054\u00a0AD."}
{"id": "doc404160", "text": "Neither could death contain the Son of God, the Fountain of Life, who arose from death even in his human nature. Not only this, but he opened the gates of Hades to all the righteous dead of past ages, rescuing them from their fallen human nature and restoring them to a nature of grace with God, bringing them back to life, this time in God's heavenly kingdom. And this path he opened to all who choose to follow him in time yet to come, thus saving the human race. Thus the Orthodox proclaim each year at the time of Pascha (Easter), that Christ \"trampled down death by death, and on those in the tombs bestowed life.\""}
{"id": "doc404242", "text": "Cultural practices differ slightly, but in general Father is the correct form of address for monks who have been tonsured, while Novices are addressed as Brother. Similarly, Mother is the correct form of address for nuns who have been tonsured, while Novices are addressed as Sister. Nuns live identical ascetic lives to their male counterparts and are therefore also called monachoi (monastics) or the feminine plural form in Greek, monachai, and their common living space is called a monastery."}
{"id": "doc404351", "text": "Under Ottoman rule, the Greek Orthodox Church acquired substantial power as an autonomous millet. The ecumenical patriarch was the religious and administrative ruler of the R\u00fbm (Ottoman administrative unit meaning \"Roman\"), which encompassed all the Orthodox subjects of the Empire."}
{"id": "doc404885", "text": "In 1996, she appeared in a lead role in The Craft, in which her character formed a teenage coven with characters portrayed by Neve Campbell, Rachel True and Robin Tunney."}
{"id": "doc404917", "text": "When natural resource management is applied to whole ecosystems, rather than single species, it is termed ecosystem management.[31] A variety of definitions exist: F. Stuart Chapin and coauthors define it as \"the application of ecological science to resource management to promote long-term sustainability of ecosystems and the delivery of essential ecosystem goods and services\",[32] while Norman Christensen and coauthors defined it as \"management driven by explicit goals, executed by policies, protocols, and practices, and made adaptable by monitoring and research based on our best understanding of the ecological interactions and processes necessary to sustain ecosystem structure and function\"[28] and Peter Brussard and colleagues defined it as \"managing areas at various scales in such a way that ecosystem services and biological resources are preserved while appropriate human use and options for livelihood are sustained\".[33]"}
{"id": "doc404918", "text": "Although definitions of ecosystem management abound, there is a common set of principles which underlie these definitions.[32] A fundamental principle is the long-term sustainability of the production of goods and services by the ecosystem;[32] \"intergenerational sustainability [is] a precondition for management, not an afterthought\".[28] It also requires clear goals with respect to future trajectories and behaviors of the system being managed. Other important requirements include a sound ecological understanding of the system, including connectedness, ecological dynamics and the context in which the system is embedded. Other important principles include an understanding of the role of humans as components of the ecosystems and the use of adaptive management.[28] While ecosystem management can be used as part of a plan for wilderness conservation, it can also be used in intensively managed ecosystems[28] (see, for example, agroecosystem and close to nature forestry)."}
{"id": "doc405830", "text": "Described in The Voyage of Bran as \"a silver branch of the sacred apple-tree bearing blossoms\",[3] it is said that \"to enter the Otherworld before the appointed hour marked by death, a passport was often necessary, and this was usually a silver branch,\"[4] thus continuing the apple's divine connection found in Greek and Norse myth.[5]"}
{"id": "doc405920", "text": "The inhabitants of Samaria/Samerina, who agreed [and plotted] with a king [hostile to] me, not to do service and not to bring tribute [to Ashshur] and who did battle, I fought against them with the power of the great gods, my lords. I counted as spoil 27,280 people, together with their chariots, and gods, in which they trusted. I formed a unit with 200 of [their] chariots for my royal force. I settled the rest of them in the midst of Assyria. I repopulated Samaria/Samerina more than before. I brought into it people from countries conquered by my hands. I appointed my eunuch as governor over them. And I counted them as Assyrians."}
{"id": "doc406882", "text": "18th-century depiction of the Sacred Heart from the vision of Marguerite Marie Alacoque (d. 1690). The heart is both \"heart shaped\" and drawn anatomically correct, with both the aorta and the pulmonary artery visible, with the crucifix placed inside the aorta."}
{"id": "doc407115", "text": "The arquebus, in use from 1410, was one of the first hand-held firearms that were relatively light (it still required a stand to balance on) and a single person could operate one. One of these weapons was first recorded as being used in the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, although this was still very much a medieval battle. The term musket originally applied to a heavier form of the arquebus, which fired a shot that could pierce plate armour, though only at close range. In the 16th century it still had to be mounted on a support stick to keep it steady. The caliver was the lighter form of the arquebus. By 1600 armies phased out these firearms in favour of a new lighter matchlock musket. Throughout the 16th century and up until 1690, muskets used the matchlock design."}
{"id": "doc408864", "text": "In the Enchanted Forest, Mulan meets Belle and teams up to hunt down a fearsome creature known as the Yaoguai. After finding out that it was Prince Phillip, cursed by a witch, she teams up with him to find Princess Aurora. Due to the casting of the Evil Queen's curse, they both are unable to continue their search as they were frozen for twenty-eight years."}
{"id": "doc409226", "text": "When Zia and Sadie are visiting the House of Rest, Sadie realizes that Amos is learning the Path of Set, who he was once forced to host. Tawaret, hippo goddess, tells them where Bes once hid his sheut. Carter, Sadie, Zia, and Walt meet and exchange information. They meet Osiris, and persuade him to let Setne go with them.Zia and Carter manage to help Setne retrieve the Book of Thoth from the Temple of the Apis bull. It is revealed that Ra, or more specifically, his morning incarnation, Khepri has chosen Zia as a host. She manage to survive but later Setne tricks them by giving orders to Bloodstained Blade to kill them and at the same time bringing them to the Land of Demons ."}
{"id": "doc409319", "text": "The Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (Plurinational Legislative Assembly or National Congress) has two chambers. The C\u00e1mara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies) has 130 members elected to five-year terms, seventy from single-member districts (circunscripciones), sixty by proportional representation, and seven by the minority indigenous peoples of seven departments. The C\u00e1mara de Senadores (Chamber of Senators) has 36 members (four per department). Members of the Assembly are elected to five-year terms. The body has its headquarters on the Plaza Murillo in La Paz, but also holds honorary sessions elsewhere in Bolivia. The Vice President serves as titular head of the combined Assembly."}
{"id": "doc410114", "text": "This was one of the first of Disney's animated films to be broadcast, albeit severely edited, on television, as part of Disney's anthology series."}
{"id": "doc412168", "text": "Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan, which is present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative cells also contain peptidoglycan, but a very small layer of it that is dissolved when the alcohol is added. This is why the cell loses its initial colour from the primary stain.[1] Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye, and thus are stained violet, while the Gram-negative bacteria do not; after washing, a counterstain is added (commonly safranin or fuchsine) that will stain these Gram-negative bacteria a pink color. Both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria pick up the counterstain. The counterstain, however, is unseen on Gram-positive bacteria because of the darker crystal violet stain."}
{"id": "doc412172", "text": "The Gram stain is not an infallible tool for diagnosis, identification, or phylogeny, and it is of extremely limited use in environmental microbiology. It is used mainly to make a preliminary morphologic identification or to establish that there are significant numbers of bacteria in a clinical specimen. It cannot identify bacteria to the species level, and for most medical conditions, it should not be used as the sole method of bacterial identification. In clinical microbiology laboratories, it is used in combination with other traditional and molecular techniques to identify bacteria. Some organisms are gram-variable (meaning they may stain either negative or positive); some are not stained with either dye used in the Gram technique and are not seen. In a modern environmental or molecular microbiology lab, most identification is done using genetic sequences and other molecular techniques, which are far more specific and informative than differential staining."}
{"id": "doc412180", "text": "Gram-positive bacteria generally have a single membrane (monoderm) surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan. This rule is followed by two phyla: Firmicutes (except for the classes Mollicutes and Negativicutes) and the Actinobacteria.[5][18] In contrast, members of the Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur bacteria) are monoderms but possess a thin or absent (class Dehalococcoidetes) peptidoglycan and can stain negative, positive or indeterminate; members of the Deinococcus-Thermus group, stain positive but are diderms with a thick peptidoglycan.[5][page\u00c2\u00a0needed] [18]"}
{"id": "doc412368", "text": "Some English words vary their accented syllable based on whether they are used as nouns or as adjectives.  In a few words such as minute, this may affect the operation of silent \u27e8e\u27e9: as an adjective, min\u00fate (/ma\u026a\u02c8nju\u02d0t/, \"small\") has the usual value of \u27e8u\u27e9 followed by silent \u27e8e\u27e9, while as a noun m\u00ednute (/\u02c8m\u026an\u026at/, the unit of time) silent \u27e8e\u27e9 does not operate.  See initial-stress-derived noun for similar patterns that may give rise to exceptions."}
{"id": "doc412475", "text": "Members of United States Congress"}
{"id": "doc412731", "text": "The manga has been adapted into an anime series produced by A-1 Pictures, Dentsu Inc., Satelight and Bridge which began broadcasting in Japan on October 12, 2009. Additionally, A-1 Pictures has developed seven original video animations and two animated feature films. The series ended its initial run on March 30, 2013. A second series premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2014, and ended on March 26, 2016. A third series of the anime series is scheduled to air in 2018."}
{"id": "doc413908", "text": "Although all vertebrates have this blind spot, cephalopod eyes, which are only superficially similar, do not. In them, the optic nerve approaches the receptors from behind, so it does not create a break in the retina."}
{"id": "doc413930", "text": "First air date: November 3, 2004"}
{"id": "doc414335", "text": "The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the retina to closest):"}
{"id": "doc414338", "text": "Melanin, a dark colored pigment, helps the choroid limit uncontrolled reflection within the eye that would potentially result in the perception of confusing images."}
{"id": "doc415323", "text": "The Eastern bishops formed the great majority. Of these, the first rank was held by the patriarchs: Alexander of Alexandria and Eustathius of Antioch. Many of the assembled fathers\u2014for instance, Paphnutius of Thebes, Potamon of Heraclea, and Paul of Neocaesarea\u2014had stood forth as confessors of the faith and came to the council with the marks of persecution on their faces. This position is supported by patristic scholar Timothy Barnes in his book Constantine and Eusebius.[32] Historically, the influence of these marred confessors has been seen as substantial, but recent scholarship has called this into question.[27]"}
{"id": "doc415358", "text": "Ancient Church Orders"}
{"id": "doc415369", "text": "Thereupon, the debate about Arius and church doctrine began.  \"The emperor gave patient attention to the speeches of both parties\" and \"deferred\" to the decision of the bishops.[75] The bishops first pronounced Arius' teachings to be anathema, formulating the creed as a statement of correct doctrine. When Arius and two followers refused to agree, the bishops pronounced clerical judgement by excommunicating them from the Church. Respecting the clerical decision, and seeing the threat of continued unrest, Constantine also pronounced civil judgement, banishing them into exile. This was the beginning of the practice of using secular power to establish doctrinal orthodoxy within Christianity, an example followed by all later Christian emperors, which led to a circle of Christian violence, and of Christian resistance couched in terms of martyrdom.[76]"}
{"id": "doc415385", "text": "In that scenario, a relevant Roman precedent is invoked, answering Loughlin's argument as to why the custom of a bishop in Rome would have any bearing on a dispute regarding Alexandria in Oriens, and at the same time correcting Schaff's argument that the bishop of Rome was invoked by way of illustration \"with reference to his own diocese.\" The custom of the bishop of Rome was invoked by way of illustration, not because he presided over the whole Church, or over the western Church or even over \"his own diocese,\" but rather because he presided over a few provinces in a diocese that was otherwise administered from Milan. On the basis of that precedent, the council recognized Alexandria's ancient jurisdiction over a few provinces in the Diocese of Oriens, a diocese that was otherwise administered from Antioch.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc415638", "text": "Elected or nominated posts"}
{"id": "doc416127", "text": "The latitude of the Earth's equator is, by definition, 0\u00b0 (zero degrees) of arc. The Equator is one of the five notable circles of latitude on Earth; the other four are the two Polar Circles (the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle) and the two Tropical Circles (the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn). The Equator is the only line of latitude which is also a great circle \u2014 that is, one whose plane passes through the center of the globe. The plane of Earth's equator, when projected outwards to the celestial sphere, defines the celestial equator."}
{"id": "doc416136", "text": "The sea-level surface of the Earth (the geoid) is irregular, so the actual length of the Equator is not so easy to determine. Aviation Week and Space Technology on 9 October 1961 reported that measurements using the Transit IV-A satellite had shown the equatorial \"diameter\" from longitude 11\u00b0 West to 169\u00b0 East to be 1,000 feet (300\u00a0m) greater than its \"diameter\" ninety degrees away.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc416774", "text": "The axial tilt of Earth and gyroscopic effects of its daily rotation mean that the two opposite points in the sky to which the Earth's axis of rotation points (axial precession) change very slowly (at the current rate it would take just under 26,000 years to make a complete circle). As the Earth follows its orbit around the Sun, the polar hemisphere that faced away from the Sun, experiencing winter, will, in half a year, face towards the Sun and experience summer. This is because the two hemispheres face opposite directions along Earth's axis, and so as one polar hemisphere experiences winter, the other experiences summer."}
{"id": "doc416784", "text": "Although the instant of the solstice can be calculated,[10] direct observation of the solstice by amateurs is impossible because the sun moves too slowly or appears to stand still (the meaning of \"solstice\"). However, by use of astronomical data tracking, the precise timing of its occurrence is now public knowledge. One cannot directly detect the precise instant of the solstice (by definition, one cannot observe that an object has stopped moving until one later observes that it has not moved further from the preceding spot, or that it has moved in the opposite direction)[citation needed]. Further, to be precise to a single day, one must be able to observe a change in azimuth or elevation less than or equal to about 1/60 of the angular diameter of the sun. Observing that it occurred within a two-day period is easier, requiring an observation precision of only about 1/16 of the angular diameter of the sun. Thus, many observations are of the day of the solstice rather than the instant. This is often done by observing the sunrise and sunset or using an astronomically aligned instrument that allows a ray of light to be cast on a certain point around that time."}
{"id": "doc416789", "text": "Length of day increases from the equator towards the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere in December (around the summer solstice there), but decreases towards the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere at the time of the northern winter solstice."}
{"id": "doc417259", "text": "Order: Galliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Numididae"}
{"id": "doc417330", "text": "Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Pelecanidae"}
{"id": "doc417360", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Tityridae"}
{"id": "doc417364", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Laniidae"}
{"id": "doc417406", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Acrocephalidae"}
{"id": "doc417445", "text": "This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017."}
{"id": "doc417733", "text": "This rhyme was first printed in Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, the oldest surviving collection of English language nursery rhymes, published c. 1744 with the lyrics very similar to those still used today:"}
{"id": "doc418129", "text": "A sequel, titled Toy Story 4, will be released on June 21, 2019.[10] The film was originally to be directed by John Lasseter and co-directed by Josh Cooley.[174][175] In July 2017, however, it was announced that Cooley would be the movie's sole director.[176] The film will focus on Bonnie's toys helping Woody to reunite with Bo Peep,[177] who was given away before the events of this film. Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Kristen Schaal and Laurie Metcalf will reprise their roles of Woody, Buzz, Trixie and Mrs. Davis. The rest of this film's cast may also return. Don Rickles also signed on to return to voice Mr. Potato Head; however, Rickles died during production. It is uncertain how his death will affect Potato Head's role in the fourth film."}
{"id": "doc418463", "text": "Wilson: \"But after all, you speak for only five million people.\" Hughes: \"I represent sixty thousand dead.[40]"}
{"id": "doc418571", "text": "Richard Holmes emphasizes the differences and the positives of both versions of the text as he argues:"}
{"id": "doc418974", "text": "The ballad has taken the tune of another Irish ballad, \"The Wearing of the Green\",[1] and was first published in John Keegan Casey's 1866 collection of poems and songs, A Wreath of Shamrocks.  The lyrics were written by Casey (1846\u00e2\u20ac\u201c70), the \"Fenian Poet\", who based the poem on the failed 1798 uprising in Granard, County Longford.[1]"}
{"id": "doc420336", "text": "Bacteria control the production of pathogenicity factors via quorum sensing."}
{"id": "doc420626", "text": "In 1989, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida had opened with 40 to 50 employees,[3] with its original purpose to produce cartoon shorts and featurettes.[4] However, by late 1993, following several animation duties on Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and The Lion King, Disney executives were convinced to allow the Feature Animation Florida studios to produce their first independent film.[5] Around that same time, Disney Feature Animation developed an interest into Asian-themed legends beginning with the optioning several books by children's book author Robert D. San Souci who had a consulting relationship with Disney executive Jay Dyer.[6] Around that same time, a short straight-to-video film titled China Doll about an oppressed and miserable Chinese girl who is whisked away by a British Prince Charming to happiness in the West was in development. Thomas Schumacher asked Souci if he had any additional stories, in which Souci turned in a manuscript of a book based on the Chinese poem \"The Song of Fa Mu Lan\". Ultimately, Disney decided to combine the two separate projects.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc421372", "text": "Early amniotes had four opsins in the cones of their retinas to use for distinguishing colours: one sensitive to red, one to green, and two corresponding to different shades of blue.[39][40] The green opsin was not inherited by any crown mammals, but all normal individuals did inherit the red one. Early crown mammals thus had three cone opsins, the red one and both of the blues.[39] All their extant descendants have lost one of the blue-sensitive opsins but not always the same one: marsupials and placentals (except for cetaceans) retain one blue-sensitive opsin while monotremes retain the other.[41] Some placentals and marsupials, including humans, subsequently evolved green-sensitive opsins; like early crown mammals, therefore, their vision is trichromatic.[42][43]"}
{"id": "doc422133", "text": "Manchester United subsequently won their ninth Premier League title but were denied a unique fourth double by Chelsea's Didier Drogba scoring a late goal in the FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium.[151] In the Champions League, the club reached the semi-finals, recording a 7\u20131 home win over Roma in the quarter-final second leg,[152] but lost at the San Siro to Milan 3\u20130 in the second leg of the semi-final after being 3\u20132 up from the first leg.[153]"}
{"id": "doc422931", "text": "Every state except Nebraska has a bicameral legislature, meaning that the legislature consists of two separate legislative chambers or houses. In each case the smaller chamber is called the Senate and is usually referred to as the upper house. This chamber typically, but not always, has the exclusive power to confirm appointments made by the governor and to try articles of impeachment. (In a few states, a separate Executive Council, composed of members elected from large districts, performs the confirmation function.) Members of the smaller chamber represent more citizens and usually serve for longer terms than members of the larger chamber, generally four years. In 41 states, the larger chamber is called the House of Representatives. Five states designate the larger chamber the Assembly and three states call it the House of Delegates. Members of the larger chamber usually serve for terms of two years. The larger chamber customarily has the exclusive power to initiate taxing legislation and articles of impeachment."}
{"id": "doc422936", "text": "Under the terms of Article V of the U.S. Constitution, state lawmakers retain the power to ratify Constitutional amendments which have been proposed by the Congress and they also retain the ability to call for a national convention to directly pass amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Under Article II, state legislatures choose the manner of appointing the state's presidential electors. Formerly, state legislatures appointed the U.S. Senators from their respective states until the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913 required the direct election of Senators by the state's voters."}
{"id": "doc425042", "text": "The song is often sung in a Cockney accent."}
{"id": "doc425434", "text": "While the mechanisms of color vision at the level of the retina are well-described in terms of tristimulus values, color processing after that point is organized differently. A dominant theory of color vision proposes that color information is transmitted out of the eye by three opponent processes, or opponent channels, each constructed from the raw output of the cones: a red\u2013green channel, a blue\u2013yellow channel, and a black\u2013white \"luminance\" channel. This theory has been supported by neurobiology, and accounts for the structure of our subjective color experience. Specifically, it explains why humans cannot perceive a \"reddish green\" or \"yellowish blue\", and it predicts the color wheel: it is the collection of colors for which at least one of the two color channels measures a value at one of its extremes."}
{"id": "doc425740", "text": "Another feature of the instruction set is the ability to fold shifts and rotates into the \"data processing\" (arithmetic, logical, and register-register move) instructions, so that, for example, the C statement"}
{"id": "doc426844", "text": "Emperor Diocletian (284) undertook the restoration of the State. He ended the Principate and introduced the so-called dominate which tried to give the impression of absolute power. The most marked feature was the unprecedented intervention of the State down to the city level: whereas the State had submitted a tax demand to a city and allowed it to allocate the charges, from his reign the State did this down to the village level. In a vain attempt to control inflation he imposed price controls which did not last. He or Constantine regionalized the administration of the empire which fundamentally changed the way it was governed by creating regional dioceses (the consensus seems to have shifted from 297 to 313/14 as the date of creation due to the argument of Constantin Zuckerman in 2002 \"Sur la liste de Verone et la province de grande armenie, Melanges Gilber Dagron). The existence of regional fiscal units from 286 served as the model for this unprecedented innovation. The emperor quickened the process of removing military command from governors. Henceforth civilian administration and military command would be separate. He gave governors more fiscal duties and placed them in charge of the army logistical support system as an attempt to control it by removing the support system from its control. Diocletian ruled the eastern half (with residence in Nicomedia). In 296 he elevated Maximian as Augustus of the western half where he ruled mostly from Mediolanum (Current day Milan) when not on the move.[37] In 292 he created two 'junior' emeperors, the Caesars, one for each Augustus, Constantius for Britain, Gaul and Spain whose see was in Trier and Licinius in Srimium in the Balkans. The appointment of a Caesar was not unknown: Diocletian tried to turn into a system of non-dynastic succession. Upon abdication in 305 Caesars succeeded and they in turn appointed to colleagues for themselves.[37] After the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian in 305 and a series of civil wars between rival claimants to imperial power during the years 306-313, the Tetrarchy was abandoned. Constantine called the Great undertook a major reform of the bureaucracy not by changing the structure but by rationalizing the competencies of the several ministries during the years 325-330 after he defeated Licinius, emperor in the East at the end of 324.The so-called Edict of Milan of 313, actually a fragment of a Letter from Licinius to the governors of the eastern provinces, granted freedom of worship to everyone including to Christians and ordered the restoration of confiscated church properties upon petition to the newly created vicars of dioceses. He funded the building of several churches and allowed clergy to act as arbitrators in civil suits (a measure that did not outlast him but which was restored in part much later). He transformed the town of Byzantium into his new residence, which however, was not officially anything more than an imperial residence like Milan or Trier or Nicomedia until given a city prefect in May 359 by Constantius II; Constantinople.[38] The creation of Constantinople would have a profound effect on Europe: it was the bulwark against invasion and conquest from the East for 1000 years."}
{"id": "doc427061", "text": "In the late 1990s,[citation needed] Walt Disney Feature Animation started developing a new adaptation of The Snow Queen after the tremendous success of their recent films during the Disney Renaissance era (1989 - 1999), but the project was scrapped completely in late 2002, when Glen Keane reportedly quit the project[40] and went on to work on another project which became Tangled (2010). Even before then, Harvey Fierstein pitched his version of the story to Disney's executives, but was turned down.[42] Paul and Ga\u00ebtan Brizzi, Dick Zondag and Dave Goetz reportedly all tried their hand at it, but failed.[42] After a number of unsuccessful attempts from 2000 to 2002, Disney shelved the project again.[41]:10\u201311 During one of those attempts, Michael Eisner, then-chairman and chief executive officer of The Walt Disney Company, offered his support to the project and suggested doing it with Oscar-winning director John Lasseter at Pixar after the then-expected renewal of Pixar's contract with Disney.[44] But negotiations between Pixar and Disney collapsed in January 2004 and that contract was never renewed.[45] Instead, Eisner's successor Bob Iger negotiated Disney's purchase of Pixar in January 2006 for $7.4 billion, and Lasseter was promoted to chief creative officer of both Pixar and Disney Animation.[46][47]"}
{"id": "doc427398", "text": "The subfamily includes the following genera.[1]"}
{"id": "doc427621", "text": "As of 2011, O'Hara was replaced by Julie Nathanson as the voice of Belle due to her voice changing significantly over the course of twenty years.[6] Despite this, she still paints Belle for Disney Fine Art and also continues to do promotional appearances for Disney.[6][7][8] In 2016, O'Hara appeared at numerous special screenings of Beauty and the Beast in honor of the film's 25th anniversary.[9][10] In July 2017, it was announced that O'Hara would be reprising the role of Belle in the 2018 film Ralph Breaks the Internet.[11]"}
{"id": "doc428400", "text": "A third concept of Heaven, also called shamayi h'shamayim (\u05e9\u05c1\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05c1\u05de\u05d9\u05dd or \"Heaven of Heavens\"), is mentioned in such passages as Genesis 28:12, Deuteronomy 10:14 and 1 Kings 8:27 as a distinctly spiritual realm containing (or being traveled by) angels and God.[4]"}
{"id": "doc428404", "text": "In The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg, this third division of Paradise is said to be, like the other six, \"twelve myriads of miles in width and twelve myriads of miles in length,\"  built of silver and gold, and containing \"the best of everything there is in heaven.\"[2]"}
{"id": "doc428406", "text": "In 2 Corinthians Paul the Apostle writes, \"I know a person in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven\u2014whether in the body or out of the body I do not know; God knows. And I know that such a person\u2014whether in the body or out of the body I do not know; God knows\u2014was caught up into Paradise and heard things that are not to be told, that no mortal is permitted to repeat.\"[6] According to E. W. Bullinger, the Greek says \"caught away\", not \"caught up\" possibly reflecting Jewish beliefs that Paradise was somewhere other than the uppermost heaven.[7]"}
{"id": "doc429400", "text": "There is a further theory, equally unsubstantiated, but traditional in families which supported the Stuart line to the throne, that this is an old Jacobite rhyme that relates to the 1745 rebellion of mainly Scots. In this account the rhyme relates to King George II. It incorrectly implies that as the Jacobite army headed further and further south (\"When the boys came out to play\"), King George fled England for the safety of mainland Europe (\"Georgie Porgie ran away\"). Similarly, the convention of using \"ie\" instead of \"y\" or \"ey\" at the end of words is prevalent in Scotland.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc429685", "text": "Now knowing the truth, the New Kid transports themselves and Cartman back to the present, before Mitch is inaugurated, where they are confronted by the Freedom Pals. While trying to convince Cartman to stop pretending to be Mitch, Mitch shows up on Kyle's hand. After a fight, Kyle admits it to be a trick to get Cartman to stop himself. As Mitch desperately tries to get sworn in, the Freedom Pals reveal his plan to the public, via social media. Cartman's plan was to increase crime wave so Coon can fight crime and become so popular that they would make movies of him. As Mitch chastises the New Kid's choices, Mitch's mother appears on Cartman's right hand and confronts him, and they get into a fight and both \"die\"."}
{"id": "doc430256", "text": "The \"ez\" signifies \"son of\". The name Rodrigo is the Spanish form of Roderick, meaning \"famous power\", from the Germanic elements \"hrod\" (fame) and \"ric\" (power). It was the name of Roderic, the last Visigothic King before the Muslim conquest, and the subject of many legends. The surname Rodr\u00c3\u00adguez could have originated in the 9th century when patronymic names originated."}
{"id": "doc430825", "text": "The following is an alphabetical list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. For chronological tables of members of both houses of the United States Congress from the state (through the present day), see United States Congressional Delegations from Pennsylvania. The list of names should be complete (as of October 21, 2017), but other data may be incomplete."}
{"id": "doc430860", "text": "The Statue of Virgin and Child inside Notre-Dame de Paris"}
{"id": "doc431563", "text": "In 2015, Morgan portrayed Deaf Smith in Texas Rising, a five-part mini-series which aired on the History Channel. Also in 2015, Morgan became a regular cast member for season 2 of the CBS sci-fi drama Extant. He also appeared in an uncredited role in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, as Bruce Wayne's father, Thomas Wayne."}
{"id": "doc433576", "text": "Current United States Congressional seats"}
{"id": "doc434367", "text": "Some groups (for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature[91][92] and Global Footprint Network) have stated that the carrying capacity for the human population has been exceeded as measured using the Ecological Footprint. In 2006, WWF's \"Living Planet Report\" stated that in order for all humans to live with the current consumption patterns of Europeans, we would be spending three times more than what the planet can renew.[93] Humanity as a whole was using, by 2006, 40 percent more than what Earth can regenerate.[94] However, Roger Martin of Population Matters states the view: \"the poor want to get rich, and I want them to get rich,\" with a later addition, \"of course we have to change consumption habits,... but we've also got to stabilise our numbers\".[95] Another study by the World Wildlife Fund in 2014 found that it would take the equivalent of 1.5 Earths of biocapacity to meet humanity's current levels of consumption.[96]"}
{"id": "doc434424", "text": "Says Peter Raven, former President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in their seminal work AAAS Atlas of Population & Environment, \"Where do we stand in our efforts to achieve a sustainable world? Clearly, the past half century has been a traumatic one, as the collective impact of human numbers, affluence (consumption per individual) and our choices of technology continue to exploit rapidly an increasing proportion of the world's resources at an unsustainable rate. ... During a remarkably short period of time, we have lost a quarter of the world's topsoil and a fifth of its agricultural land, altered the composition of the atmosphere profoundly, and destroyed a major proportion of our forests and other natural habitats without replacing them. Worst of all, we have driven the rate of biological extinction, the permanent loss of species, up several hundred times beyond its historical levels, and are threatened with the loss of a majority of all species by the end of the 21st century.\""}
{"id": "doc434733", "text": "Woody coined the phrase \"That state up north\" and \"That team up north\", so he would not have to say the word \"Michigan\". He was famous for his intense hatred of all things Michigan and according to legend, once refused to get gas in an empty tank, saying: \"No, goddammit! We do NOT pull in and fill up. And I'll tell you exactly why we don't. It's because I don't buy one goddam drop of gas in the state of Michigan! We'll coast and PUSH this goddam car to the Ohio line before I give this state a nickel of my money!\"[15]"}
{"id": "doc435057", "text": "The Curse of Sleeping Beauty is a 2016 American fantasy horror film directed by Pearry Reginald Teo and written by Teo alongside Josh Nadler. The film stars Ethan Peck, India Eisley and Natalie Hall. Filming took place in Los Angeles, California. The film was released by 2B Films on May 13, 2016."}
{"id": "doc435075", "text": "Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of  bacterial differentiation.[1] They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane."}
{"id": "doc435076", "text": "Gram-negative bacteria are found everywhere, in virtually all environments on Earth that support life. The gram-negative bacteria include the model organism Escherichia coli, as well as many pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Yersinia pestis. They are an important medical challenge, as their outer membrane protects them from many antibiotics (including penicillin); detergents that would normally damage the peptidoglycans of the (inner) cell membrane; and lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. Additionally, the outer leaflet of this membrane comprises a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) whose lipid A component can cause a toxic reaction when these bacteria are lysed by immune cells. This toxic reaction can include fever, an increased respiratory rate, and low blood pressure \u00e2\u20ac\u201d a life-threatening condition known as septic shock.[2]"}
{"id": "doc435078", "text": "Gram-negative bacteria display these characteristics:"}
{"id": "doc435079", "text": "Along with cell shape, gram-staining is a rapid diagnostic tool and once was used to group species at the subdivision of Bacteria.\nHistorically, the kingdom Monera was divided into four divisions based on gram-staining: Firmacutes  (+), Gracillicutes (\u00e2\u02c6\u2019), Mollicutes (0) and Mendocutes (var.).[3]\nSince 1987, the monophyly of the gram-negative bacteria has been disproven with molecular studies.[4] However some authors, such as Cavalier-Smith still treat them as a monophyletic taxon (though not a clade; his definition of monophyly requires a single common ancestor but does not require holophyly, the property that all descendants be encompassed by the taxon) and refer to the group as a subkingdom \"Negibacteria\".[5]"}
{"id": "doc435081", "text": "Of these two structurally distinct groups of prokaryotic organisms, monoderm prokaryotes are indicated to be ancestral. Based upon a number of different observations including that the gram-positive bacteria are the major reactors to antibiotics and that gram-negative bacteria are, in general, resistant to them, it has been proposed that the outer cell membrane in gram-negative bacteria (diderms) evolved as a protective mechanism against antibiotic selection pressure.[6][7][10][11] Some bacteria such as Deinococcus, which stain gram-positive due to the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer, but also possess an outer cell membrane are suggested as intermediates in the transition between monoderm (gram-positive) and diderm (gram-negative) bacteria.[6][11] The diderm bacteria can also be further differentiated between simple diderms lacking lipopolysaccharide; the archetypical diderm bacteria, in which the outer cell membrane contains lipopolysaccharide; and the diderm bacteria, in which the outer cell membrane is made up of mycolic acid (e. g. Mycobacterium).[8][9][11][12]"}
{"id": "doc435083", "text": "The proteobacteria are a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, Shigella, and other Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Helicobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Bdellovibrio, acetic acid bacteria, Legionella etc. Other notable groups of gram-negative bacteria include the cyanobacteria, spirochaetes, green sulfur, and green non-sulfur bacteria."}
{"id": "doc435084", "text": "Medically relevant gram-negative cocci include the four types that cause a sexually transmitted disease (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), a meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis), and respiratory symptoms (Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae)."}
{"id": "doc435085", "text": "Medically relevant gram-negative bacilli include a multitude of species. Some of them cause primarily respiratory problems (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), primarily urinary problems (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens), and primarily gastrointestinal problems (Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi)."}
{"id": "doc435092", "text": "The adjectives Gram-positive and Gram-negative derive from the surname of Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist; as eponymous adjectives, their initial letter can be either capital G or lower-case g, depending on which style guide (e.g., that of the CDC), if any, governs the document being written.[16] This is further explained at Gram staining \u0e22\u0e07 Orthographic note."}
{"id": "doc436998", "text": "Brian White's character, Joe Bishop, was not included in the second season of the series; the storyline was that Bishop lost his job because he focused too much attention on finding the killer of his brother instead of performing his duties.[9] Ted Whittall, having briefly appeared in the final episode of season one where he revealed himself to be Cat's biological father, announced that he would return for season two in the recurring role of Bob Reynolds on July 8, 2013.[3] On September 6, 2013, it was announced that Annie Ilonzeh would be joining the cast of Beauty & the Beast for the show's upcoming second season, playing the role of Beth Bowman, a journalist and an old friend of Catherine Chandler's.[6] On September 10, 2013, it was reported that Amber Skye Noyes had been cast as Tori Windsor, the innocent daughter of a powerful beast who is rescued by Cat and Vincent.[10] On November 12, 2013, Law & Order actress Elisabeth R\u00f6hm was cast as Dana Landon, a woman who joins forces with Cat on an investigation into a series of undercover operations.[5] On December 4, 2013, Tom Everett Scott joined the cast of the show, playing the recurring role of Sam Landon, an archaeologist with a short fuse who has been isolated from the outside world for many years.[4]"}
{"id": "doc437362", "text": "The Third Amendment to the United States Constitution, expressly prohibited the military from peacetime quartering of troops without consent of the owner of the house. A product of their times, the relevance of the Acts and the Third Amendment has greatly declined since the era of the American Revolution, having been the subject of only one case in over 200 years,[citation needed] Engblom v. Carey in 1982.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc437627", "text": "Structures of the eye"}
{"id": "doc437632", "text": "Tank design gradually improved in the inter-war period also. Reflecting the growth of the automotive industry, tank engines, transmissions, and track systems were improved. By the beginning of the war in September 1939, tanks were available that could travel hundreds of miles on their tracks with a limited number of breakdowns.[3]"}
{"id": "doc437639", "text": "One trend seen in World War II was the usage of older, lighter tank chassis to mount larger weapons in fixed casemates, as self-propelled guns, tank destroyers or assault guns. For example, the Soviet T-34 could mount an 85\u00a0mm gun in the turret, but the same chassis could carry the much more effective 100\u00a0mm gun in a fixed casemate as the SU-100. Likewise, the obsolete German Panzer II light tank, too vulnerable for a direct fire role, was modified to take a powerful 75\u00a0mm PaK 40 gun in an open-topped, fixed casemate as the Marder II self-propelled artillery piece.[7]"}
{"id": "doc437656", "text": "The lack of an adequate high-explosive shell for the 2-pounder and the growing number of 5 cm KwK 38 anti-tank guns in the Afrika Korps gave the German army in Libya a huge advantage for much of late 1941 and early 1942. This began to be offset by late 1942 but the Wehrmacht continued to enjoy a 12\u00e2\u20ac\u201c18 month lead in tank and anti-tank gun development and production until the end of 1944.[15] Britain produced 5000 tanks in the year of 1944.[16]"}
{"id": "doc437662", "text": "Immediately before and during the war, the British produced an enormous array of prototype tanks and modified tanks for a variety of specialist engineering tasks (such as \"Hobart's Funnies\", produced for the invasion of France in 1944).[21]"}
{"id": "doc437667", "text": "The Light Tank M2 series was the most important pre-war US tank. These light tanks were mechanically very reliable, with good mobility. However, they had a high silhouette \u2014 from the use of an air-cooled radial engine for power \u2014 and poor armor. Only a few saw combat, on Guadalcanal. Their importance lies in the fact that they formed the basis for the much more successful Light Tank M3 (a.k.a. Stuart) series beginning in 1941. The Stuart was an improvement of the M2, with heavier armor and a 37\u00a0mm gun. From the M3A1 version, this gun was gyrostabilized.[23]"}
{"id": "doc437668", "text": "The new medium tank just entering production in 1940 was the M2 series. This was a poor design with thin armor, a high silhouette, a 37\u00c2\u00a0mm main gun and seven machine guns.[24]"}
{"id": "doc437677", "text": "Near the end of the war the M26 Pershing tank was deployed as the first operational heavy tank of the US Army. It was designated a heavy tank when it was designed in WWII due to its 90\u00a0mm gun, which was at the time the largest caliber gun found on a US tank. The Pershing was a very modern design with torsion-bar suspension, heavy armor, and an excellent 90\u00a0mm gun. However, it was somewhat underpowered, having the same Ford GAA engine as the M4A3. Intended as an improvement of the M4 Sherman, the prolonged time of development meant that only a small number saw combat in the European theater, most notably in the 9th Armored Division's dramatic dash to take the Bridge at Remagen. In combat it was, unlike the M4 Sherman, fairly equal in firepower and protection to both the Tiger I and Panther tanks. The M26 basic design was good enough to form the basis for all postwar American tanks through the end of the M60 series.[33]"}
{"id": "doc437678", "text": "At the start of the war, France had one of the largest tank forces in the world along with the Soviet, British and German forces. Like the British and the Soviets, the French operated two classes of tank: cavalry tanks and infantry tanks.[4]"}
{"id": "doc437683", "text": "The Panzer III was intended to fight other tanks; in the initial design stage a 50\u00a0mm (2\u00a0inch) gun was specified. However, the infantry at the time were being equipped with the 37\u00a0mm (1.46\u00a0inch) PaK 36, and it was thought that in the interest of standardization the tanks should carry the same armament. As a compromise, the turret ring was made large enough to accommodate a 50\u00a0mm (2\u00a0inch) gun should a future upgrade be required. This single decision later assured the Panzer III a prolonged life in the German army.[39]"}
{"id": "doc437685", "text": "During Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, it was discovered that the Soviet T-34 tank outclassed the Panzer III and IV. Its sloped armor could withstand most German weapons, and its 76.2\u00a0mm gun could penetrate the armor of all German tanks. This forced the Germans to improve their existing models. The Panzer III, which was intended to be the main medium tank, was upgraded to a longer, higher-velocity 50\u00a0mm gun.[39]"}
{"id": "doc437694", "text": "Like the US Army (which utilized French and British tanks in World War I), the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) did not have tanks of its own in World War I, so it started out by purchasing foreign tanks for evaluation during World War I and right after the war ended.[42] Like many other nations, the Japanese initially didn't embrace the tank, as it didn't have the cavalry tradition. Cavalry was used for reconnaissance in the mountainous countryside, and initially, as with most other armies, the first designs were constrained by the tank's infantry-support role. Building tanks of their own met several problems, as Japan's priority tended to be with naval procurements so production for tank steel was on a lower level. However, they finally began designing tanks by the mid-1920s.[43] Inspired by European designs, the Japanese tank program designed and developed the tanks which facilitated their campaigns in China and the Soviet\u2013Japanese border conflicts, prior to World War II. They introduced many innovations as they built their designs, including bell crank suspensions, as pioneers in amphibious tanks, and the use of diesel engines that were less likely to catch fire compared with gasoline tank engines that were being used at the time.[44][45] The Japanese generals had made a mistake in their assessment of the tanks used against China, a country whose army had only three tank battalions, and few anti-tank weapons.[46]"}
{"id": "doc437701", "text": "Like the similar Soviet T-26, the 7TP was a development of the British Vickers 6-ton (Mk.E) which the Poles purchased and licensed for local production. The main new features of 7TP were: a better, more reliable and powerful diesel engine (which made the 7TP world's first diesel tank), 37\u00a0mm anti-tank gun, and slightly thicker armor (17\u00a0mm in front instead of 13\u00a0mm). Only about 132 tanks were produced between 1935 and the outbreak of the war. The weight increased after the initial 7-tonne prototype was made and the actual serial tanks weighed 9.9 tonnes.[58]"}
{"id": "doc438117", "text": "Although the lines were used for the band's Top of the Pops appearance, it was truncated at \"kick you\".[7]"}
{"id": "doc438360", "text": "The draw for the round of 16 was made in Nyon, Switzerland, on 20 December 2012. The first leg was played on 13 February 2013 away from home, and the second leg was played on 5 March 2013 at Old Trafford. As winners of their group, United were drawn against defending Spanish league champions, Real Madrid, who finished as runners-up in Group D. It was fifth tie between the two famed clubs and the first time they have faced one another since 2003 when Real Madrid won the quarter-final tie 6\u20135 on aggregate. This also marked the first time United faced Cristiano Ronaldo since selling him to Madrid in 2009 for a record \u00a380 million. In the first tie, United draw 1\u20131 away from home thanks to a goal by Danny Welbeck. In the second tie, United lost 2\u20131 at home to Real Madrid after a red card was handed to United player Nani for going in with his foot at chest height in the 56th minute. Cristiano Ronaldo scored against his former club in both ties."}
{"id": "doc438381", "text": "Winston works at the Ministry of Truth, or \"Minitrue\", as an editor. He is responsible for historical revisionism; he rewrites records and alters photographs to conform to the state's ever-changing version of history itself, rendering the deleted people \"unpersons\"; the original documents are destroyed by fire in a \"memory hole\". At work, he re-writes a Times article reporting on a government official condemned as a thoughtcriminal by writing a story on a nonexistent war hero named \"Comrade Ogilvy\", and notes the state-sponsored media reporting an increase in the chocolate ration during an actual decrease. Despite his proficiency in his profession, Winston becomes mesmerized by the true past after seeing a photograph of three former high-ranking upper class Inner Party officials in New York, discounting the official government account that they had been collaborating with Eurasian officials. Winston tries to get more information about the true past, and purchases an old journal in an antiques shop in a proletarian neighborhood of London. In a place beside his flat's telescreen where he believes he cannot be seen, he begins writing a journal criticizing the Party and its enigmatic leader, Big Brother. By doing so, he commits a crime that, if discovered by the Thought Police, warrants certain death, and Winston quickly resigns himself to the fact that he will eventually be arrested for thoughtcrime. In the journal, he records his sexual frustration over a young woman maintaining the novel-writing machines at the ministry named Julia, whom Winston is attracted to but suspects is an informant. He also suspects that his superior, an Inner Party official named O'Brien, is a secret agent for an enigmatic underground resistance movement known as the Brotherhood, a group formed by Big Brother's reviled political rival Emmanuel Goldstein."}
{"id": "doc439092", "text": "Someone to Watch Over Me earned positive reviews from critics, and it currently holds a 76% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 25 reviews with the consensus stating: \"Its plot is sometimes hard to swallow, but some fine acting and director Ridley Scott's stylish visual flair make Someone to Watch Over Me an engaging police thriller\"."}
{"id": "doc439366", "text": "Homer arrives in Heaven, where he is greeted by the tour guide who shows him around. He is then shown to his room where he requests to see his family on the big TV screen in his room. Marge and the children are shown being tormented by the devil. He has a talk with God about saving his family. When God refuses to help, due to Jesus' suffering on Earth, Homer becomes angry. He runs around vandalizing Heaven and gets stopped by security. God finally agrees to undo the Rapture by turning back time. Homer later wakes up on the mesa and is reunited with his family, also discovering Moe's Tavern to curiously be back in its normal set up."}
{"id": "doc439513", "text": "In the centuries that followed, people who applied the scientific method in different areas made important advances and discoveries.  For example, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) accurately measured time and experimented to make accurate measurements and conclusions about the speed of a falling body. Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794), a French chemist, used experiment to describe new areas, such as combustion and biochemistry and to develop the theory of conservation of mass (matter).[13] Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) used the scientific method to disprove the prevailing theory of spontaneous generation and to develop the germ theory of disease.[14] Because of the importance of controlling potentially confounding variables, the use of well-designed laboratory experiments is preferred when possible."}
{"id": "doc439756", "text": "Following the theatrical release of Fun and Fancy Free, Walt Disney Productions' bank debt declined from $4.2 million to $3 million.[16] Around this time, Disney acknowledged the need for sound economic policies, but emphasized to the loaners that slashing production would be suicidal. In order to restore the studio to full financial health, he expressed his desire to return to producing full-length animated films. By then, three animated projects\u2014Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan\u2014were in development. Disney felt the characters in Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan were too cold, while Cinderella contained elements similar to Snow White, and greenlit the project. Selecting his top-tier animation talent, Ben Sharpsteen was assigned as supervising producer while Hamilton Luske, Wilfred Jackson, and Clyde Geronimi became the sequence directors.[17] Nevertheless, production on Alice resumed so that both animation crews would effectively compete against each other to see which film would finish first.[18]"}
{"id": "doc439817", "text": "In 986 a monk reported to the Patriarch of the East:[14]"}
{"id": "doc440043", "text": "Note: This article uses the scaling convention where the electric charge, Q, the weak isospin, T3, and the weak hypercharge, YW, are related by Q\u00a0=\u00a0T3\u00a0+\u00a0YW. A different convention used in most other Wikipedia articles is Q\u00a0=\u00a0T3\u00a0+\u00a0\u00bd\u00a0YW.[211] [212] [213]"}
{"id": "doc440112", "text": "Administrative Collegia (ministries) were established in St. Petersburg, to replace the old governmental departments. In 1722 Peter promulgated his famous Table of ranks. As part of the government reform, the Orthodox Church was partially incorporated into the country's administrative structure, in effect making it a tool of the state. Peter abolished the patriarchate and replaced it with a collective body, the Holy Synod, led by a lay government official. Peter continued and intensified his predecessors' requirement of state service for all nobles."}
{"id": "doc440382", "text": "The Congress recognized this limitation and proposed amendments to the Articles in an effort to supersede it.[7] However, nothing ever came of those proposals until the Philadelphia Convention."}
{"id": "doc440395", "text": "While Hamilton's view prevailed during the administrations of Presidents Washington and Adams, historians argue that his view of the General Welfare Clause was repudiated in the election of 1800, and helped establish the primacy of the Democratic-Republican Party for the subsequent 24 years.[22] This assertion is based on the motivating factor which the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions played upon the electorate; the Kentucky Resolutions, authored by Thomas Jefferson, specifically criticized Hamilton's view. Further, Jefferson himself later described the distinction between the parties over this view as \"almost the only landmark which now divides the federalists from the republicans....\"[23]"}
{"id": "doc441683", "text": "It was a throwaway. The only two versions of the song were Ringo and the Rolling Stones. That shows how much importance we put on it: We weren't going to give them anything great, right?"}
{"id": "doc442694", "text": "Exterior scenes such as the arrival of the nerds at college and the fraternity houses were filmed at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. The original Nerds residence, from which they were ousted by the Alpha Betas, was actually Cochise Hall.[3] Their subsequent residence was U of A's Bear Down Gymnasium.[citation needed] The original Alpha Beta fraternity house that is burned down was filmed at the Alpha Gamma Rho house and the Beta Theta Pi house (on University Boulevard). The Pi Delta Pi sorority house was actually the Phi Delta Theta fraternity house.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc443215", "text": "The tenth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on January 24, 2016, on Fox. The season consists of six episodes and concluded airing on February 22, 2016. When Fox initially announced the string of episodes, the network referred to them collectively as an \"event series\".[1] After the episodes' release, Fox began referring to the string of episodes on their website as \"season 10\",[2] as did streaming sites like Amazon.com and Hulu,[3][4] and myriad critics.[5]"}
{"id": "doc444923", "text": "Nine years later, in 1832, Paris is in upheaval because of the impending death of General Lamarque, the only man in the government who shows mercy to the poor. Among those mingling in the streets are the student revolutionaries Marius Pontmercy and Enjolras, who contemplate the effect Lamarque's death will have on the poor and desperate in Paris; the Th\u00e9nardiers, who have since lost their inn and now run a street gang; their daughter \u00c9ponine, who is now grown and has fallen in love with Marius (who is oblivious to her affections); and the streetwise young urchin Gavroche, who knows everything that happens in the slums (\"Look Down\"). The Th\u00e9nardiers prepare to con some charitable visitors, who turn out to be Valjean and Cosette, who has grown into a beautiful young woman. While the gang bamboozles her father, Cosette runs into Marius, and the pair fall in love at first sight. Th\u00e9nardier suddenly recognizes Valjean, but before they can finish the robbery, Javert, now an inspector stationed here in Paris, comes to the rescue (\"The Robbery\"). Valjean and Cosette escape, and only later (when Th\u00e9nardier tips him off) does Javert suspect who they were. Javert makes a vow to the stars (which represent his belief in a just and ordered universe where suffering is a punishment for sin) that he will find Valjean and recapture him (\"Stars\"). Meanwhile, Marius persuades \u00c9ponine to help him find Cosette (\"\u00c9ponine's Errand\")."}
{"id": "doc445076", "text": "The currently binding contract began in 2011, the same year the tournament moved from Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium to TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, a new ballpark across from CenturyLink Center Omaha."}
{"id": "doc445548", "text": "The result of this election was affected by the three-fifths clause of the United States Constitution, by which slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of Congressional apportionment. Historians such as Garry Wills, Leonard L. Richards, and William W. Freehling have written that had slaves not been counted at all, Adams would have won the electoral vote.[4] Jefferson was subsequently criticized as having won \"the temple of Liberty on the shoulders of slaves\".[5] Akhil Reed Amar, a law and political science professor at Yale, argued that the election was a turning point in American history and claimed that \"in a direct election system, the South would have lost every time.\"[6]"}
{"id": "doc446477", "text": "\"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast, \"Evermore\" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version was made available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's single is played in closing credits."}
{"id": "doc446478", "text": "In the animated film, the Beast barely sings because Menken and original Beauty and the Beast lyricist Howard Ashman had not been able to determine a moment within the film during which it would have been suitable for the character to perform his own song. Initially, Menken had especially wanted the Beast to perform \"If I Can't Love Her\", a song he and Rice had written for the character to sing in stage adaptation of the animated film, in the remake, but ultimately decided that an entirely new song that establishes that the Beast has finally learned how to love would be more appropriate due to the film's three-act structure. Musically, \"Evermore\" bears a resemblance to songs from the stage musicals Les Mis\u00e9rables (1980) and The Phantom of the Opera (1986), as well as some of Menken's own earlier compositions, specifically selections from Disney's animated film The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)."}
{"id": "doc446480", "text": "Director Bill Condon originally intended to include most songs from the Broadway musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast in the remake. However, Disney ultimately decided to recruit composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice to write entirely new songs for the film instead.[1] Original Beauty and the Beast composer Menken reunited with Rice, with whom he had previously collaborated on Disney's animated film Aladdin (1992),[2] to write three new songs for the remake.[3] Rice once again replaced original Beauty and the Beast lyricist Howard Ashman, who had passed away shortly before the animated film's release in 1991,[4] similar to the way in which he replaced the lyricist to aid Menken in writing new material for the 1994 stage adaptation.[5] Menken believes that the songs he and Rice had written for the stage musical would not have translated well to the screen due to structural differences between the two formats.[6]"}
{"id": "doc446484", "text": "Similar to \"If I Can't Love Her\", \"Evermore\" provides the Beast with \"a stronger voice\".[36] The song occurs at a pivotal moment in the film during which the Beast bemoans his decision to free Belle,[37] while uncovering both his inner pain and growth as a character as he voices \"a sad sense of longing.\"[38] For the first time, audiences learn exactly how the Beast feels when he allows Belle to rescue Maurice,[39] summarizing his love for her.[40] In the musical sequence, the Beast continues to climb higher up the turret of his castle to watch Belle as she rides away on her horse and gradually disappears into the distance.[29] Staged in a way that resembles a live musical due to Stevens' performance and its cinematography,[39] the orchestra increases and swells as the anguished Beast continues to climb.[41] Menken explained that the character, singing \"with a raw emotion\",[42] watches Belle leave while thinking to himself \"I know what love is now, and it's wonderful, even though I'll never see her again\",[43] and \"Evermore\" captures the Beast's agony as he watches the woman he loves leave him.[44] Citing the song as an example of the film's characters resorting to singing whenever they find that they are not able to speak, Condon described \"Evermore\" as one of the film's \"dramatic high points\", proving that the Beast has finally become \"worthy of love\".[8] For the Beast, the song represents \"an ode to his love for Belle and his unending, longing devotion as she rides away from him, possibly forever\",[45] serving as \"a profound meditation on his own isolation and heartache\".[46] According to Menken, the character is \"basically singing about how he now knows what love is\".[29] The Beast is now shown to be capable of feeling and expressing human emotions,[19] namely heartbreak, loneliness and helplessness,[45] having learned about true love and sacrifice.[47] According to Zoe Nicholson of The Daily Gamecock, \"Evermore\" \"adds humanity not yet seen in a character regarded as savage or spoiled rotten.\"[48] Walt Disney Studios president of music and soundtracks Mitchell Leib described the scene as the film's \"Phantom of the Opera moment.\"[14] Traditionally in Disney films, heroines are typically assigned \"rousing\" musical numbers to perform.[49] Screen Rant contributor Kacey Spivey observed that Belle's departure and the scene represents a reversal of the traditional fairy tale trope in which a princess is trapped in a tower.[45] Instead the Beast is confined to his tower, longing for the heroine to return and free him from his enchantment.[45] Brett Nachman compared the scene to Quasimodo performing \"Out There\" in Disney's animated musical The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996).[25]"}
{"id": "doc446492", "text": "On January 26, 2017, Disney announced that Groban had recorded a cover of \"Evermore\" \u2013 still entitled \"For Evermore\", at the time \u2013 and revealed that his version would be included on the remake's soundtrack in addition to being played during the film's end credits.[104] Groban released a statement, saying: \"I am honored to sing this beautiful new song by two of my absolute favorites, Alan Menken and Tim Rice. Beauty and the Beast has been with me since my childhood and to have a musical connection to this new film makes me so happy.\"[105] The announcement coincided with the studio's release of a new promotional poster for the film,[102] which Disney allowed the singer to premiere using his official Twitter account.[106] A 30-second sample of the track was uploaded to SoundCloud on February 14, 2017,[107] which Groban also shared on Twitter.[108] Groban's version was released as the second single from Beauty and the Beast's soundtrack on March 3, 2017,[63] several days before the album, on which Stevens' original rendition appears, was released.[109][110] Groban promoted the song with a performance on Good Morning America on March 14, 2017.[111][112] The occasion marked both the song's first televised performance,[13] as well as the first time an original song from the remake was performed live on television.[14]"}
{"id": "doc447042", "text": "\"Hey Jude\" was released on 26 August 1968 in the United States and 30 August in the United Kingdom,[80] backed with \"Revolution\" on the B-side of a 7-inch single.[81] It was one of four singles issued simultaneously to launch Apple Records \u2013 the others being Mary Hopkin's \"Those Were the Days\", Jackie Lomax's \"Sour Milk Sea\", and the Black Dyke Mills Band's \"Thingumybob\".[82] In advance of the release date, Apple declared 11\u201318 August to be \"National Apple Week\" in the UK,[82][83] and sent gift-wrapped boxes of the records, marked \"Our First Four\", to Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family, and to Harold Wilson, the prime minister at the time.[84] The release was promoted by Derek Taylor, who, in Doggett's description, \"hyped the first Apple records with typical elan\".[85] \"Hey Jude\" was the first of the four singles, since it was still designated as an EMI/Parlophone release in the UK and a Capitol release in the US, but with the Apple Records logo now added.[86][nb 9] In the US, \"Hey Jude\" was the first Beatles single to be issued in a company sleeve rather than a picture sleeve.[88]"}
{"id": "doc447240", "text": "Meanwhile, Caiaphas, the High Priest of Israel, assembles the Pharisees together at the Sanhedrin to talk about Jesus and his disciples. According to the Pharisees, Jesus's growing following consists of Jews unwilling to accept the Romans as their rulers, and the priests believe that Jesus may come to be seen as a threat to the Roman Empire, and to the priesthood's integrity; if the Romans retaliate, many Jews will suffer, even those who are not following Jesus. Caiaphas then concludes that there could be great bloodshed and the stakes are \"frighteningly high!\". So, for the greater good, he suggests they should \"crush him completely! So like John before him, this Jesus must die!\", and the Pharisees concur upon his decision (\"This Jesus Must Die\"). As Jesus and his followers arrive exultantly in Jerusalem, they are confronted by Caiaphas, who demands that Jesus should postpone this parade, which Jesus says would be futile and change nothing, and he proceeds to greet the happy Israelites instead (\"Hosanna\"). As the crowd cheers him on, they suddenly ask, \"Hey JC, JC, won't you die for me?\" To this, Jesus visibly reacts with concern. Then, one of his apostles, Simon the Zealot, suggests that Jesus lead his mob in a war against Rome and gain absolute power (\"Simon Zealotes\"). Jesus rejects this suggestion, stating that none of his followers understand what true power is, nor do they understand his true message (\"Poor Jerusalem\")."}
{"id": "doc447411", "text": "The film was shot on location in Tulsa, Oklahoma.[5] Coppola filmed The Outsiders and Rumble Fish back-to-back in 1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201da newspaper, used to show a story about the three greasers saving the kids in The Outsiders, includes a real story from 1982 regarding the death of a man hit by a train in Boston.[6] He wrote the screenplay for the latter while on days off from shooting the former. Many of the same locations were used in both films, as were many of the same cast and crew members. The credits are shown at the beginning of the film in the style normally found in a published play."}
{"id": "doc447730", "text": "Set in the middle of Bambi, Bambi II shows the Great Prince of the Forest struggling to raise the motherless Bambi, and Bambi's doubts about his father's love. The film was released direct-to-video on February 7, 2006. While the film was a direct-to-video release in the United States and other countries, including Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan, it was a theatrical release in some countries, including Australia, Austria, Brazil, Dominican Republic, France, Mexico, the United Kingdom and some other European countries.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc448867", "text": "Criminal Minds was renewed for a fourteenth season with an episode order of 15 episodes on May 12, 2018, with the possibility of more episodes to be added later in the season.[2][6]"}
{"id": "doc450131", "text": "The series revolves around a family headed by Ron and Natalie Daise, playing fictionalized versions of themselves, set on the fictional \"Gullah Gullah Island\". Additional cast featured the Daise's actual children Simeon and Sara among others, including a full-body puppet frog, Binyah Binyah ('Binyah' is the Gullah word for 'island native'.)[13] The show was taped and recorded at Nickelodeon Studios in Orlando at Universal Studios Florida, with the show Clarissa Explains It All shot on the same set (interior and exterior).[6][14][15] Outdoor shots featured Beaufort, South Carolina and Fripp Island.[11][16] Charleston, SC was featured in one episode when the family took a trip to the City Market.[17][18]"}
{"id": "doc450661", "text": "If a word ends in \"mi\", \"mou\", \"ni\", \"nou\", or a nasal vowel, it becomes an:"}
{"id": "doc451953", "text": "Another type of radioactive decay results in products that vary, appearing as two or more \"fragments\" of the original nucleus with a range of possible masses. This decay, called spontaneous fission, happens when a large unstable nucleus spontaneously splits into two (or occasionally three) smaller daughter nuclei, and generally leads to the emission of gamma rays, neutrons, or other particles from those products."}
{"id": "doc452001", "text": "then the number of nuclei of B, i.e. the number of decayed A nuclei, is"}
{"id": "doc452002", "text": "The number of decays observed over a given interval obeys Poisson statistics. If the average number of decays is <N>, the probability of a given number of decays N is[20]"}
{"id": "doc452016", "text": "In all of the above examples, the initial nuclide decays into just one product.[23] Consider the case of one initial nuclide that can decay into either of two products, that is A \u2192 B and A \u2192 C in parallel. For example, in a sample of potassium-40, 89.3% of the nuclei decay to calcium-40 and 10.7% to argon-40. We have for all time t:"}
{"id": "doc452024", "text": "For the one-decay solution A \u00e2\u2020\u2019 B:"}
{"id": "doc452039", "text": "In 1992, Jung et al. of the Darmstadt Heavy-Ion Research group observed an accelerated \u03b2\u2212\u00a0decay of 163Dy66+. Although neutral 163Dy is a stable isotope, the fully ionized 163Dy66+ undergoes \u03b2\u2212\u00a0decay into the K and L shells to 163Ho66+ with a half-life of 47\u00a0days.[25]"}
{"id": "doc453079", "text": "The pope (Latin: papa from Greek: \u03c0\u03ac\u03c0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 pappas,[1] a child's word for \"father\"),[2] also known as the pontiff (from Latin pontifex Maximus \"greatest bridge-builder\"), is the Bishop of Rome, and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.[3] The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the supposed apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is said to have given the Keys of Heaven and the powers of \"binding and loosing\", naming him as the \"rock\" upon which the church would be built. The pope is also head of state of Vatican City,[4] a sovereign city-state entirely enclaved within Rome. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.[5]"}
{"id": "doc453089", "text": "It seems that at first the terms \"episcopos\" and \"presbyter\" were used interchangeably.[44] The consensus among scholars has been that, at the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries, local congregations were led by bishops and presbyters whose offices were overlapping or indistinguishable.[45] Some say that there was probably \"no single 'monarchical' bishop in Rome before the middle of the 2nd century...and likely later.\"[46] Other scholars and historians disagree, citing the historical records of St. Ignatius of Antioch (d 107) and St. Irenaeus who recorded the linear succession of Bishops of Rome (the popes) up until their own times.[citation needed] They also cite the importance accorded to the Bishops of Rome in the ecumenical councils, including the early ones.[47]"}
{"id": "doc453091", "text": "During the 1st century of the Church (c. 30\u00e2\u20ac\u201c130), the Roman capital became recognized as a Christian center of exceptional importance. Clement I, at the end of the 1st century, wrote an epistle to the Church in Corinth intervening in a major dispute, and apologizing for not having taken action earlier.[48] However, there are only a few other references of that time to recognition of the authoritative primacy of the Roman See outside of Rome. In the Ravenna Document of 13 October 2007, theologians chosen by the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches stated: \"41. Both sides agree ... that Rome, as the Church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St Ignatius of Antioch,[49] occupied the first place in the taxis, and that the bishop of Rome was therefore the protos among the patriarchs. They disagree, however, on the interpretation of the historical evidence from this era regarding the prerogatives of the Bishop of Rome as protos, a matter that was already understood in different ways in the first millennium.\"[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc453118", "text": "I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.[74]"}
{"id": "doc453128", "text": "The new pope is led through the \"Door of Tears\" to a dressing room where three sets of white papal vestments (immantatio) await: small, medium, and large. Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the \"Fisherman's Ring\" by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, whom he first either reconfirms or reappoints. The pope assumes a place of honor as the rest of the cardinals wait in turn to offer their first \"obedience\" (adoratio) and to receive his blessing.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc453144", "text": "The first record of the application of this title to a Bishop of Rome appears in a synod of 495 with reference to Pope Gelasius I.[108] But at that time, and down to the 9th century, other bishops too referred to themselves as vicars of Christ, and for another four centuries this description was sometimes used of kings and even judges,[109] as it had been used in the 5th and 6th centuries to refer to the Byzantine emperor.[110] Earlier still, in the 3rd century, Tertullian used \"vicar of Christ\" to refer to the Holy Spirit[111][112] sent by Jesus.[113] Its use specifically for the pope appears in the 13th century in connection with the reforms of Pope Innocent III,[110] as can be observed already in his 1199 letter to Leo I, King of Armenia.[114] Other historians suggest that this title was already used in this way in association with the pontificate of Pope Eugene III (1145\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1153).[108]"}
{"id": "doc453153", "text": "From 1863 until 2005, the Annuario Pontificio also included the title \"Patriarch of the West\". This title was first used by Pope Theodore I in 642, and was only used occasionally. Indeed, it did not begin to appear in the pontifical yearbook until 1863. On 22 March 2006, the Vatican released a statement explaining this omission on the grounds of expressing a \"historical and theological reality\" and of \"being useful to ecumenical dialogue\". The title Patriarch of the West symbolized the pope's special relationship with, and jurisdiction over, the Latin Church\u00e2\u20ac\u201dand the omission of the title neither symbolizes in any way a change in this relationship, nor distorts the relationship between the Holy See and the Eastern Churches, as solemnly proclaimed by the Second Vatican Council.[135]"}
{"id": "doc453161", "text": "If anyone says that the blessed Apostle Peter was not established by the Lord Christ as the chief of all the apostles, and the visible head of the whole militant Church, or, that the same received great honour but did not receive from the same our Lord Jesus Christ directly and immediately the primacy in true and proper jurisdiction: let him be anathema.[145]"}
{"id": "doc453172", "text": "Though the progressive Christianisation of the Roman Empire in the 4th century did not confer upon bishops civil authority within the state, the gradual withdrawal of imperial authority during the 5th century left the pope the senior imperial civilian official in Rome, as bishops were increasingly directing civil affairs in other cities of the Western Empire. This status as a secular and civil ruler was vividly displayed by Pope Leo I's confrontation with Attila in 452. The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the Donation of Sutri, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler Pippin the Younger gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards. The pope may have utilized the forged Donation of Constantine to gain this land, which formed the core of the Papal States. This document, accepted as genuine until the 15th century, states that Constantine the Great placed the entire Western Empire of Rome under papal rule. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish ruler Charlemagne as Roman Emperor, a major step toward establishing what later became known as the Holy Roman Empire; from that date onward the popes claimed the prerogative to crown the Emperor, though the right fell into disuse after the coronation of Charles V in 1530. Pope Pius VII was present at the coronation of Napoleon I in 1804 but did not actually perform the crowning. As mentioned above, the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States ended in 1870 with their annexation by Italy."}
{"id": "doc454591", "text": "A dove, representing the Holy Spirit, hovers low in the sky directly above the lamb, surrounded by concentric semicircles of white and yellow hues of varying luminosity, the outermost of which appear like nimbus clouds. Thin golden beams emanating from the dove resemble those surrounding the head of the lamb, as well as those of the three figures in the De\u00ebsis in the upper register. The rays seem to have been painted by van Eyck over the finished landscape, and serve to illuminate the scene in a celestial, supernatural light. This is especially true with the light falling on the saints positioned directly in front of the altar. The light does not give reflection or throw shadow,[41] and has traditionally been read by art historians as representing the New Jerusalem of Revelations which in 21:23, had \"no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it; for the glory of God did Lighten it\".[42]"}
{"id": "doc454592", "text": "The illumination contrasts with the natural and directional lighting of the four upper interior wings, and of each of the outer wings. It has been interpreted as a device to emphasize the presence of the divine and accentuate the paradise of the central landscape.[41] The dove as the Holy Spirit, and the lamb as Jesus, are positioned on the same axis as that of God The Father in the panel directly above; a reference to the Holy Trinity.[43]"}
{"id": "doc454594", "text": "The inscription on the fountain's rim reads HIC EST FONS AQUE VITE PROCENDENS DE SEDE DEI + AGNI (\"This is the fountain of the water of life, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb\"), symbolizing the fountain of life is \"watered by the blood of the Lamb\".[17] From its center rises a column with an angel above bronze dragons, from which streams of water fall into the fountain's basin. A vertical axis forms between the fountain and altar, where the flowing blood testimony to the spirit as cited in John, 5:97.[38] Similar the altar and its ring of angels, the fountain is surrounded by figures arranged in distinct groupings.[46]"}
{"id": "doc455129", "text": "The earliest recorded version of the poem resembling the modern form was printed around 1765 in London in Mother Goose's Melody with the lyrics:"}
{"id": "doc455756", "text": "Tamara \"Tammy\" Swanson (Paula Pell) is Ron's mother. She shares many personality traits with her son, and seems more than aware of the effect his ex-wives have on him. She first appeared in the episode \"Ron & Tammys\". She lives on the farm Ron grew up on, and has an entire room devoted to guns."}
{"id": "doc456580", "text": "The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. These include the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the smallest cardiac veins, and the anterior cardiac veins. Cardiac veins carry blood with a poor level of oxygen, from the myocardium to the right atrium. Most of the blood of the coronary veins returns through the coronary sinus. The anatomy of the veins of the heart is very variable, but generally it is formed by the following veins: heart veins that go into the coronary sinus: the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the posterior vein of the left ventricle, and the vein of Marshall. Heart veins that go directly to the right atrium: the anterior cardiac veins, the smallest cardiac veins (Thebesian veins).[5]"}
{"id": "doc457119", "text": "Season 4 aired from September to December 2014.[9]"}
{"id": "doc457543", "text": "In 2015, British Comedian Alexander Armstrong performed it on his first album A Year of Songs."}
{"id": "doc457828", "text": "Other proposed etymologies draw parallels from Tai-Ngon (\u5824 \u5cb8), the Cantonese name of Cholon, which means \"embankment\" (French: quais),[nb 3] and Vietnamese Sai C\u00f4n, a translation of the Khmer Prey Nokor (Khmer: \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u1793\u1782\u179a). Prey means forest or jungle, and nokor is a Khmer word of Sanskrit origin meaning city or kingdom, and related to the English word 'Nation' \u2014 thus, \"forest city\" or \"forest kingdom\".[nb 4]"}
{"id": "doc458222", "text": "Scenes from Disney's The Rookie were shot here."}
{"id": "doc459280", "text": "Significant numbers of British Churchill, Matilda and Valentine tanks were shipped to the USSR.[53]"}
{"id": "doc459410", "text": "Self-loaders are firearms that use some of the discharge energy to reload the firearm. These are also called semi or full-automatics. These are typically fed from a tube or detachable magazine, sometimes referred to as a \"clip\" (which denotes a magazine reloading device used in certain rifles, or a retainer for flangeless bullets used in certain revolvers). The world's first self-loading firearm is the Maxim gun, developed by British inventor Sir Hiram Maxim in 1884, capable of firing 600 rounds per minute but requires a team of men to maintain and is not portable by one man. The Maxim gun has been used in a vast number of conflicts."}
{"id": "doc459449", "text": "The film began a limited release on December 25, 2016, before a wide release on January 6, 2017.[41][42]"}
{"id": "doc459774", "text": "The resulting embarrassment to the administration and to the party leads Leo to leave Josh out of key budget negotiations, negotiations which eventually result in a complete shutdown of the federal government. Josh soon finds himself stripped of much of his political authority, as freelance political advisor Angela Blake takes up many of his duties. He eventually returns from isolation after the First Lady pointedly asks President Bartlet \"Where's Josh?\". Josh is the only senior staffer to support the President's firm stand against Speaker Jeff Haffley; the President's eventual political victory over Haffley during this conflict is largely due to Josh's advice."}
{"id": "doc460823", "text": "Two major wagon-based transportation networks, one typically starting in Missouri and the other in the Mexican province of Santa Fe de Nuevo M\u00e9xico, served the majority of migrants during the era of westward expansion. Three of the Missouri-based routes\u2014the Oregon, Mormon, and California Trails\u2014were collectively known as the Emigrant Trails. Historians have estimated at least 500,000 emigrants used these three trails between 1843 and 1869, and despite growing competition from transcontinental railroads, some use even continued into the early 20th century. The major southern routes were the Santa Fe Trail, the Southern Emigrant Trail, and the Old Spanish Trail, as well as its wagon road successor the Mormon Road, a southern spur of the California Trail used in the winter that also made use of the western half of the Old Spanish Trail. Regardless of the trail used, the journey was often slow and arduous, fraught with risks from infectious diseases, dehydration, malnutrition, injury, and harsh weather, with as many as one in ten travelers dying along the way, usually as a result of disease."}
{"id": "doc460857", "text": "The President and the Secretary of Defense exercise authority and control of the Armed Forces through two distinct branches of the chain of command. One branch (10 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0162) runs from the President, through the Secretary of Defense, to the Combatant Commanders for missions and forces assigned to their commands. The other branch, used for purposes other than operational direction of forces assigned to the combatant commands, runs from the President through the Secretary of Defense to the Secretaries of the Military Departments, i.e., the Secretary of the Army (10 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a03013), the Secretary of the Navy (10 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a05013), and the Secretary of the Air Force (10 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a08013). The Military Departments, organized separately within the Department, operate under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of that Military Department. The Secretaries of the Military Departments exercise authority through their respective Service Chiefs (i.e., Chief of Staff of the Army, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, and Chief of Staff of the Air Force) over forces not assigned to a Combatant Command. The Service Chiefs, except as otherwise prescribed by law, perform their duties under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretaries of their respective Military Departments, to whom they are directly responsible."}
{"id": "doc460917", "text": "The film was released on June 15, 2018.[7]"}
{"id": "doc461467", "text": "The Beatles recorded \"Money\" in seven takes on July 18, 1963, with their usual lineup. A series of piano overdubs was later added by producer George Martin. The song was released in November 1963 as the final track on their second UK album, With the Beatles.[6]"}
{"id": "doc461902", "text": "This season premiered on July 6, 2004, with weekly showings at 8:00 pm EDT, followed by the Tuesday edition of Big Brother 5. The 2-hour season finale aired on September 21, 2004."}
{"id": "doc462227", "text": "Three years after the events of the second movie, the Bellas have graduated college, but have jobs which they all hate. Desperate to see each other again to sing once more, Beca (Anna Kendrick), Fat Amy (Rebel Wilson), Chloe (Brittany Snow), Aubrey (Anna Camp), Lilly (Hana Mae Lee), Stacie (Alexis Knapp), Cynthia-Rose (Ester Dean), Florencia (Chrissie Fit), Jessica (Kelley Jakle), and Ashley (Shelley Regner) are all thrilled to learn that Emily (Hailee Steinfeld), now a senior at Barden and leader of the Barden Bellas, has seemingly asked for the Bellas to reunite at an event in New York Aquarium to sing with each other once more. Upon arriving at the reunion they are told that the reunion was not for the Bellas to sing together, but to watch Emily sing with the new Bellas."}
{"id": "doc462709", "text": "For an alphabetic species list, see:"}
{"id": "doc465257", "text": "Based on data from the decennial census, each state is allocated a proportion of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives, although each state is guaranteed a minimum of one seat, regardless of population. This apportionment is based on the proportion of each state's population to that of the fifty states together (without regard to the populations of the District of Columbia, AS, GU, MP, PR, or VI). The Electoral College is the body that, every four years, elects the President and Vice President of the United States. Each state's representation in the Electoral College is equal to that state's total number of members in both houses of the United States Congress. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution effectively grants the District of Columbia, which is separate from any state, three votes. More precisely, the district gets as many votes in the Electoral College as it would have if it were a state, with the caveat that the district can have no more votes than the least populous state (which is currently Wyoming). Currently, this caveat is a moot point since the District of Columbia would only be entitled to one representative if it were a state, and is more populous than only two of the seven states with a single member in the House since 2013. Since the Constitution guarantees every state at least one U.S. Representative and two U.S. Senators, it effectively guarantees every state (and, since the ratification of the 23rd Amendment, the District of Columbia) at least three electoral votes. Thus, the total representation in the Electoral College is 538 members (equal to 100 senators plus 435 representatives, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia).[3]"}
{"id": "doc465988", "text": "Transcription is the process of copying genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a transportable complementary strand of RNA.[1] Eukaryotic transcription takes place in the nucleus of the cell and proceeds in three sequential stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.[1] The transcriptional machinery that catalyzes this complex reaction has at its core three multi-subunit RNA polymerases. RNA polymerase I is responsible for transcribing RNA that codes for genes that become structural components of the ribosome. [1]"}
{"id": "doc466241", "text": "The film score was written and produced by Danny Elfman. It won the Golden Satellite Award and was also nominated by the Las Vegas Film Critics."}
{"id": "doc466953", "text": "Hydrostatic pressure is generated by the systolic force of the heart. It pushes water out of the capillaries."}
{"id": "doc467715", "text": "The portal vein or hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver. This blood contains nutrients and toxins extracted from digested contents. Approximately 75% of total liver blood flow is through the portal vein, with the remainder coming from the hepatic artery proper. The blood leaves the liver to the heart in the hepatic veins."}
{"id": "doc468490", "text": "Because Earth takes one year to orbit the Sun, the apparent position of the Sun takes one year to make a complete circuit of the ecliptic. With slightly more than 365 days in one year, the Sun moves a little less than 1\u00c2\u00b0 eastward[3] every day. This small difference in the Sun's position against the stars causes any particular spot on Earth's surface to catch up with (and stand directly north or south of) the Sun about four minutes later each day than it would if Earth would not orbit; a day on Earth is therefore 24 hours long rather than the approximately 23-hour 56-minute sidereal day. \nAgain, this is a simplification, based on a hypothetical Earth that orbits at uniform speed around the Sun. The actual speed with which Earth orbits the Sun varies slightly during the year, so the speed with which the Sun seems to move along the ecliptic also varies. For example, the Sun is north of the celestial equator for about 185 days of each year, and south of it for about 180 days.[4] The variation of orbital speed accounts for part of the equation of time.[5]"}
{"id": "doc469055", "text": "The Robinson projection is a map projection of a world map which shows the entire world at once. It was specifically created in an attempt to find a good compromise to the problem of readily showing the whole globe as a flat image.[1]"}
{"id": "doc469056", "text": "The Robinson projection was devised by Arthur H. Robinson in 1963 in response to an appeal from the Rand McNally company, which has used the projection in general purpose world maps since that time. Robinson published details of the projection's construction in 1974. The National Geographic Society (NGS) began using the Robinson projection for general purpose world maps in 1988, replacing the Van der Grinten projection.[2] In 1998 NGS abandoned the Robinson projection for that use in favor of the Winkel tripel projection, as the latter \"reduces the distortion of land masses as they near the poles\".[3][4]"}
{"id": "doc469130", "text": "The NPC consists of about 3,000 delegates. Delegates to the National People's Congress are elected for five-year terms via a multi-tiered representative electoral system. Delegates are elected by the provincial people's assemblies, who in turn are elected by lower level assemblies, and so on through a series of tiers to the local people's assemblies which are directly elected by the electorate."}
{"id": "doc469134", "text": "The People's Liberation Army has had a large delegation since the founding of the NPC, making up anywhere from 4 percent of the total delegates (3rd NPC), to 17 percent (4th NPC). Since the 5th NPC, it has usually held about 9 percent of the total delegate seats, and is consistently the largest delegation in the NPC. In the 12th NPC, for example, the PLA delegation has 268 members; the next largest delegation is Shandong, with 175 members.[29]"}
{"id": "doc469702", "text": "=\n448\n+\n40\n+\n6\n\n\n{\\displaystyle =448+40+6}"}
{"id": "doc469707", "text": "=\n768\n+\n176\n+\n2\n\n\n{\\displaystyle =768+176+2}"}
{"id": "doc470479", "text": "Proponents of some varieties of rationalism argue that, starting with foundational basic principles, like the axioms of geometry, one could deductively derive the rest of all possible knowledge. The philosophers who held this view most clearly were Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Leibniz, whose attempts to grapple with the epistemological and metaphysical problems raised by Descartes led to a development of the fundamental approach of rationalism. Both Spinoza and Leibniz asserted that, in principle, all knowledge, including scientific knowledge, could be gained through the use of reason alone, though they both observed that this was not possible in practice for human beings except in specific areas such as mathematics. On the other hand, Leibniz admitted in his book Monadology that \"we are all mere Empirics in three fourths of our actions.\"[7]"}
{"id": "doc470536", "text": "Seasons one and two have also been released in the UK."}
{"id": "doc471007", "text": "Rankin/Bass veteran writer Romeo Muller adapted and expanded the story for television as he had done with Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer."}
{"id": "doc472446", "text": "It is generally not safe to assume the size of any datatype. For example, even though most implementations of C and C++ on 32-bit systems define type int to be four octets, this size may change when code is ported to a different system, breaking the code. The exception to this is the data type char, which always has the size 1 in any standards-compliant C implementation. In addition, it is frequently difficult to predict the sizes of compound datatypes such as a struct or union, due to padding. The use of sizeof enhances readability, since it avoids unnamed numeric constants (magic numbers)."}
{"id": "doc474060", "text": "Nevertheless, according to conventional wisdom, since 1301 the Prince of Wales has usually been the eldest living son (if and only if he is also the heir apparent) of the King or Queen Regnant of England (subsequently of Great Britain, 1707, and of the United Kingdom, 1801). That he is also the heir apparent is important. Following the death of Prince Arthur, the Prince of Wales, Henry VII invested his second son, the future Henry VIII, with the title\u00e2\u20ac\u201dalthough only after it was clear that Arthur's wife, Catherine of Aragon, was not pregnant; when Frederick, Prince of Wales died while his father reigned, George II created Frederick's son George (the king's grandson and new heir apparent) Prince of Wales. The title is not automatic and is not heritable; it merges into the Crown when a prince accedes to the throne, or lapses on his death leaving the sovereign free to re-grant it to the new heir apparent (such as the late prince's son or brother). Prince Charles was created Prince of Wales on 26 July 1958,[4] some six years after he became heir apparent, and had to wait another 11 years for his investiture, on 1 July 1969.[5]"}
{"id": "doc474064", "text": "He has a badge of three ostrich feathers (which can be seen on the reverse of the previous design for decimal British two pence coins dated up to 2008); it dates back to the Black Prince and is his as the English heir even before he is made Prince of Wales."}
{"id": "doc474073", "text": "The title Prince of Wales is given only to the heir apparent\u00e2\u20ac\u201dsomebody who cannot be displaced in the succession to the throne by any future birth. The succession had followed male-preference primogeniture, which meant that the heir apparent was the eldest son of the reigning monarch or, if he was deceased, his eldest son and so on, or if the monarch's eldest son had died without issue, the monarch's second eldest son, etc. As such, a daughter of the sovereign who was next in line to the throne was never the heir apparent because she would be displaced in the succession by any future legitimate son of the sovereign."}
{"id": "doc474256", "text": "The song was performed live on all of Jackson's tours."}
{"id": "doc474276", "text": "The Oriental Institute, for the students of which the mosque was constructed, was founded by Leitner in 1881. He had purchased the former Royal Dramatic College building in Woking and established the Institute in order to promote oriental literature. It awarded degrees from the University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan.[2]"}
{"id": "doc474854", "text": "The \"Old Turkey Buzzard\" theme song sequence was shot at Monument Valley, on the Arizona-Utah border. The bird is actually a black vulture rather than a turkey vulture (buzzard)."}
{"id": "doc476498", "text": "Auguste Comte (1798\u20131857) coined the term, Sociology, as a way to apply natural science principles and techniques to the social world in 1838.[31][32] Comte endeavoured to unify history, psychology and economics through the descriptive understanding of the social realm. He proposed that social ills could be remedied through sociological positivism, an epistemological approach outlined in The Course in Positive Philosophy [1830\u20131842] and A General View of Positivism (1844). Though Comte is generally regarded as the \"Father of Sociology\", the discipline was formally established by another French thinker, \u00c9mile Durkheim (1858\u20131917), who developed positivism as a foundation to practical social research. Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895, publishing his Rules of the Sociological Method. In 1896, he established the journal L'Ann\u00e9e Sociologique. Durkheim's seminal monograph, Suicide (1897), a case study of suicide rates among Catholic and Protestant populations, distinguished sociological analysis from psychology or philosophy.[33]"}
{"id": "doc477048", "text": "A starting pistol or starter pistol is a blank handgun[1] that is fired to start track and field races, as well as competitive swimming races at some meets. The sound and smoke of the gun going off serves as the signal for the athletes to begin the event. Starter guns \"cannot fire real ammunition or be modified to fire real ammunition.\"[2] Beside sporting events, they are also used in films and in TV or stage shows.[1] Blank shells or caps are used to prevent expelling projectiles,[1] and only small amount of smoke can be seen when shot. Starting pistols may also include modified versions of standard pistols incapable of firing bullets, most commonly achieved by welding an obstruction into the barrel. This is less common nowadays, especially in Western countries. When electronic timing is used, a sensor is often affixed to the gun, which sends an electronic signal to the timing system upon firing. For deaf competitors or for modern electronic systems, a light may be used instead."}
{"id": "doc479813", "text": "Mel Gibson, star of Braveheart and Mad Max"}
{"id": "doc479842", "text": "In 1956, President Dwight Eisenhower requested permission from Pakistan's new Prime Minister, Huseyn Suhravardie, to lease the Peshawar Air Station (PAS), which was to be used in intelligence gathering of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles.[12] The request was granted, and soon the United States built an airstrip, command and control station at the site before initiating operations.[12] The base was regarded as top-secret, and even the high-ranking Pakistani public officials such as Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, were refused entry to the facility.[12]"}
{"id": "doc480455", "text": "The bridge was conceived by German immigrant John Augustus Roebling in 1852,[17] who spent part of the next 15 years working to sell the idea.[citation needed] He had previously designed and constructed shorter suspension bridges, such as Roebling's Delaware Aqueduct in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania, and the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky. While conducting surveys for the bridge project, Roebling sustained a crush injury to his foot when a ferry pinned it against a piling. After amputation of his crushed toes, he developed a tetanus infection that left him incapacitated and soon resulted in his death in 1869, not long after he had placed his 32-year-old son, Washington Roebling, in charge of the project.[18]"}
{"id": "doc481915", "text": "Isabella Marie \"Bella\" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is a character and the protagonist of the Twilight series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The Twilight series, consisting of the novels Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn, is primarily narrated from Bella's point of view. In the film series, Bella is portrayed by actress Kristen Stewart."}
{"id": "doc483306", "text": "The film opens during the recording of Jim's An American Prayer and quickly moves to a childhood memory of his family driving along a desert highway in 1949, where a young Jim sees an elderly Native American dying by the roadside. In 1965, Jim arrives in California and is assimilated into the Venice Beach culture. During his tenure studying at UCLA, he meets his future girlfriend Pamela Courson, and meets Ray Manzarek for the first time, as well as Robby Krieger and John Densmore; who would found The Doors."}
{"id": "doc483933", "text": "The song was chosen as one of the Songs of the Century by the RIAA. It was featured at the end of Michael Apted's movie Class Action (1991)."}
{"id": "doc484857", "text": "Each one-hour episode took two weeks to film, followed by two months in post production.[1]"}
{"id": "doc484979", "text": "The 2018 UEFA Champions League Final will be played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine.[1]"}
{"id": "doc485206", "text": "The use of /* and */ as block comment delimiters was inherited from PL/I into the B programming language, the immediate predecessor of the C programming language.[33]"}
{"id": "doc485214", "text": "The Ada programming language uses '--' to indicate a comment up to the end of the line."}
{"id": "doc485221", "text": "Since C99, it has also been possible to use the // syntax from C++, indicating a single-line comment."}
{"id": "doc485243", "text": "In modern dialects of Pascal, '{' and '}' are used instead.[41]"}
{"id": "doc486883", "text": "NOTE: First appearances of Patrick and Pippa"}
{"id": "doc487000", "text": "Law & Order: Criminal Intent aired for ten seasons and 195 episodes, which aired between September 30, 2001 and June 26, 2011. Seasons one through seven each consisted of 21 to 23 episodes, seasons eight and nine each consisted of 16, and season ten consisted of 8; each episode lasts approximately sixty minutes including commercials (approx. 43 without commercials)."}
{"id": "doc487275", "text": "Guest starring: Arte Johnson as Irving (Stanley Laurel); Avery Schreiber as Wendell (Oliver Hardy); Burton Gilliam as Tom Colt; Joseph Burke as Sheriff Emmett \"Hammerhand\" Ragsdale; Pat Cranshaw as Doc Petticord;"}
{"id": "doc488007", "text": "In the Season 4 alternate reality finale, Clark was re-imagined as a rap musician, \"C\u00e2\u20ac\u201cSynch\", hoping to play at Booth and Brennan's night club, \"The Lab\". Booth refused to book him because his brother, a re-imagined Grayson Barasa, was a gang leader. In \"The Girl in the Mask\", Brennan compares him to fellow interns Clark and Vincent as the one with \"the most potential and an excellent work ethic\"."}
{"id": "doc489894", "text": "Mid point of the longest north\u00e2\u20ac\u201csouth axis"}
{"id": "doc490060", "text": "Higgins is the estate manager for Robin Masters' beachfront estate on Oahu, called \"Robin's Nest\". After Orson Welles (who voiced Robin Masters) died, the show's writers decided to have Thomas Magnum, a private investigator and Head of Security for Robin's Nest, begin to suspect Higgins is Robin Masters. It later became a long running gag in the series after Thomas told his friends Theodore \"T.C.\" Calvin, and Orville \"Rick\" Wright about his idea. In the final episode of the series, Higgins tells Magnum that he really is Robin Masters. However, Higgins later recants at Rick's wedding. This left a cliffhanger, and 29 years later, still no one knows if Higgins is the mysterious and eccentric Robin Masters."}
{"id": "doc490395", "text": "Principal photography began on March 27, 1989 in Summit County, Colorado,[9] with footage shot in Silverthorne, Breckenridge, and Frisco.[10] From there the production moved to Warner Bros. Studio Facilities in Burbank, California, where the set of the Griswold family's house is located.[11]"}
{"id": "doc490514", "text": "The Holy, blessed be he, has put his name on so they would enter the garden of Eden. And what is the name and the seal that he had put on them? It is \u201cShaddai\u201d. [The letter] shin he put in the nose, dalet \u2013 on the hand, whereas yod on the {circumcised} [membrum]. Accordingly, {when} goes to {his eternal home} (Ecclesiastes 12:5), there is an angel {appointed} in the garden of Eden who picks up every son of which is circumcised and brings him {there}. And those who are not circumcised? Although there are two letters of the name \u201cShaddai\u201d present on them, {namely} shin from the nose and dalet from the hand, the yod (\u2026) is {missing}. Therefore it hints at a demon (Heb. shed), which brings him down to Gehenna."}
{"id": "doc491925", "text": "The variants of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek \u1fec\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Rh\u0113nos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influence of Greek orthography, while the vocalisation -i- is due to the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as *R\u012bnaz, via Old Frankish giving Old English R\u00edn,[3] Old High German R\u012bn, early Middle Dutch (c. 1200) Rijn (then also spelled Ryn or Rin).[4] The diphthong in modern German Rhein (also adopted in Romansh Rein, Rain) is a Central German development of the early modern period, the Alemannic name R\u012b(n) retaining the older vocalism,[note 4] as does Ripuarian Rhing, while Palatine has diphthongized Rhei, Rhoi. Spanish is with French in adopting the Germanic vocalism Rin-, while Italian, Occitan and Portuguese retain the Latin Ren-."}
{"id": "doc492385", "text": "Additional spoken messages on B-side:"}
{"id": "doc492764", "text": "She appeared in Charles II: The Power and The Passion (2003), as Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, and in supporting roles in such films as Interview with the Vampire (1994), Charlotte Gray (2001), The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), and Casanova (2005). In The Queen (2006) she played Cherie Blair, a role she reprised in Peter Morgan's follow-up The Special Relationship."}
{"id": "doc493405", "text": "In 1957, he appeared in the episode \"Revenge\" of the syndicated crime drama Sheriff of Cochise and as Sanders in the episode \"My Horse Ajax\" of NBC's children's western series Fury, starring Peter Graves and Bobby Diamond. At that time, he starred in three episodes as Mr. Blandish in the syndicated romantic comedy series How to Marry a Millionaire (1957\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1959) with Barbara Eden and Merry Anders. He guest-starred about this time on the syndicated adventure series Whirlybirds, starring Kenneth Tobey and Rescue 8, starring Jim Davis and Lang Jeffries. He joined David Janssen in an episode of Richard Diamond, Private Detective."}
{"id": "doc493814", "text": "Malik manipulates Jason; Tasha commits to motherhood; Keira has a humiliating experience."}
{"id": "doc494316", "text": "Coward wrote, \"In Words and Music Romney Brent sang it as a missionary in one of Britain's tropical colonies. Since then I have sung it myself ad nauseam. On one occasion it achieved international significance. This was a dinner party given by Mr Winston Churchill on board HMS Prince of Wales in honour of President Franklin D. Roosevelt on the evening following the signing of the Atlantic Charter. From an eye-witness description of the scene it appears that the two world leaders became involved in a heated argument as to whether 'In Bangkok at twelve o'clock they foam at the mouth and run' came at the end of the first refrain or at the end of the second. President Roosevelt held firmly to the latter view and refused to budge even under the impact of Churchillian rhetoric. In this he was right and when, a little later, I asked Mr Churchill about the incident, he admitted defeat like a man.\"[2]"}
{"id": "doc494397", "text": "Proper nouns, and all proper names, differ from common nouns grammatically. They may take titles, such as Mr Harris or Senator Harris. Otherwise, they normally only take modifiers that add emotive coloring, such as old Mrs Fletcher, poor Charles, or historic York; in a formal style, this may include the, as in the inimitable Henry Higgins. They may also take the in the manner of common nouns in order to establish the context in which they are unique: the young Mr Hamilton (not the old one), the Dr Brown I know; or as proper nouns to define an aspect of the referent: the young Einstein (Einstein when he was young). The indefinite article a may similarly be used to establish a new referent: the column was written by a [or one] Mary Price. Proper names based on noun phrases differ grammatically from common noun phrases. They are fixed expressions, and cannot be modified internally: beautiful King's College is acceptable, but not King's famous College.[14]"}
{"id": "doc495543", "text": "8:24: A radio transmission comes from Flight 11: \"Eh..... We have some planes. Just stay quiet, and you'll be okay. We are returning to the airport.\" It is believed Atta mistakenly held a button directing his voice to radio rather than to the plane's cabin as he intended. A few seconds later, Atta's voice says, \"Nobody move. Everything will be okay. If you try to make any moves, you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet.\" Air traffic controllers hear the transmission."}
{"id": "doc497737", "text": "The British established the Government College University in Lahore, of present-day Pakistan in 1864. The institution was initially affiliated with the University of Calcutta for examination. The prestigious University of the Punjab, also in Lahore, was the fourth university established by the colonials in South Asia, in the year 1882."}
{"id": "doc498104", "text": "The goalkeeper also may try to distract the penalty taker, as the expectation is on the penalty taker to succeed, hence more pressure on the penalty taker, making him more vulnerable to mistakes. For example, in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final between Manchester United and Chelsea, United goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar pointed to his left side when Nicolas Anelka stepped up to take a shot in the penalty shoot out. This was because all of Chelsea's penalties went to the left. Anelka's shot instead went to Van der Sar's right, which was saved. Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar used a method of distracting the players called the \"spaghetti legs\" trick to help his club defeat Roma to win the 1984 European Cup. This tactic was emulated in the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, which Liverpool also won, by Liverpool goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek, helping his team defeat Milan."}
{"id": "doc498147", "text": "Adobe Creative Suite 4 (CS4) was announced on September 23, 2008 and officially released on October 15, 2008.[26] All applications in CS4 featured the same user interface, with a new tabbed interface for working with concurrently running Adobe CS4 programs where multiple documents can be opened inside multiple tabs contained in a single window.[27]"}
{"id": "doc498384", "text": "A teaser trailer was released in March 2015[45] and a trailer was released in April.[46] Another trailer was released in June, which revealed that the film will be given an IMAX release in Japan and internationally.[47][48][49]"}
{"id": "doc498654", "text": "Wonder performed this song, along with \"Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer\", at Michael Jackson's memorial service on July 7, 2009."}
{"id": "doc499702", "text": "The most famous secession movement was the case of the Southern states of the United States. Secession from the United States was accepted in eleven states (and failed in two others). The seceding states joined together to form the Confederate States of America (CSA). The eleven states of the CSA, in order of secession, were: South Carolina (seceded December 20, 1860), Mississippi (seceded January 9, 1861), Florida (seceded January 10, 1861), Alabama (seceded January 11, 1861), Georgia (seceded January 19, 1861), Louisiana (seceded January 26, 1861), Texas (seceded February 1, 1861), Virginia (seceded April 17, 1861), Arkansas (seceded May 6, 1861), North Carolina (seceded May 20, 1861), and Tennessee (seceded June 8, 1861). Secession was declared by its supporters in Missouri and Kentucky, but did not become effective as it was opposed by their pro-Union state governments. This secession movement brought about the American Civil War. The position of the Union was that the Confederacy was not a sovereign nation\u2014and never had been, but that \"the Union\" was always a single nation by intent of the states themselves, from 1776 onward\u2014and thus that a rebellion had been initiated by individuals. Historian Bruce Catton described President Abraham Lincoln's April 15, 1861, proclamation after the attack on Fort Sumter, which defined the Union's position on the hostilities:"}
{"id": "doc499894", "text": "Inspired by the speedy success of the Stockton and Darlington Railway (1825) in England's railway historical record, capitalists in the United States \u2014 already embarking upon great public works infrastructure projects to connect the new territories of the United States with the older seaboard cities industries by the canals of America's Canal Age, almost overnight began dreaming up projects using railroads \u2014 a technology in its infancy, but one employing steam engines which were rapidly becoming widely known from their successful use on steamboats.  American Steam engine pioneers were willing to experiment with Heat Engines using higher pressures than the mainly Atmospheric engines still fashionable in Great Britain. The rest of the world lagged the two English speaking nations.  Railroads began to be proposed where canals wouldn't do, or would be too costly and with an increase in rolling stock tonnage capacity, locomotive power, and a growing confidence born of experience and new materials in less than three decades, the United States generally would discard canals as the principal design choice in favor of far more capable freight haulage technologies."}
{"id": "doc499897", "text": "Railroads gradually replace canals as the first-choice mode of transportation infrastructure to champion and build, while canals hold a whip hand on economy for decades more, but falter on flexible destinations, speed, and where they suffer seasonal stoppages yet service year round needs. By the 1860s, in any case, where all the important older canals were to be found any canal with functions satisfiable by parallel railways (excepting by definition, ship canals) is eyed by investors to be supplanted by a competing railroad. The idea of a rail network in the USA, which is by then showing early signs some areas have overbuilt in the Eastern United States is still not a common business model.  Cut throat competitive capitalism, not co-operation are the rule, and the decade kicks off the forty years or so of the robber barons and excesses in capitalism."}
{"id": "doc500342", "text": "Some residents praise Pusser as an honest cop in a crooked town; others denounce him as a bully willing to break some laws to uphold others. Pusser is betrayed by one of his deputies and is attacked several times. Finally, he and Pauline are ambushed in their car. Pauline is killed and Pusser is seriously injured. He is admitted to the hospital after being shot and while still in a neck and face cast, attends his wife's funeral. Afterward he rams a sheriff cruiser through the front doors of the Lucky Spot, killing two of his would-be assassins."}
{"id": "doc501743", "text": "Members of the House of Lords"}
{"id": "doc502099", "text": "Extensive repairs commenced from 1939 onwards, when Sikandar Hayat Khan began raising funds for this purpose.[22] Renovation was supervised by supervised by the architect Nawab Alam Yar Jung Bahadur.[23] As Khan was largely credited for extensive restorations to the mosque, he was buried adjacent to the mosque in the Hazuri Bagh."}
{"id": "doc504736", "text": "Principal photography took place between October 16 and December 8, 2012,[8] in Bartlesville and Pawhuska, Oklahoma, and Los Angeles, California."}
{"id": "doc504996", "text": "A film based on the television show, Batman, was released in 1966. The film was originally intended to be produced before the series as a way to introduce the series to the public. However, the series' premiere was moved up and the film was forced to wait until the summer hiatus after the first season. The film was produced quickly to get into theatres prior to the start of season two of the television series."}
{"id": "doc505004", "text": "Van Williams and Bruce Lee made a cameo appearance as the Green Hornet and Kato in \"window cameos\" while the Batman and Robin were climbing a building. This was in part one of a two-part second-season episode of the Batman TV series, \"The Spell of Tut\", which aired on September 28, 1966.[37]"}
{"id": "doc505009", "text": "Alan Napier stars as the faithful Alfred Pennyworth as he explains how to get Batman and Robin posters through Fact toothpaste."}
{"id": "doc505032", "text": "The animated television series Batman: The Brave and the Bold is influenced by the 1960s television series. The opening credits feature Batman rope-climbing up a building, something that Adam West and Burt Ward often did in the show.[68] Several villains from the 1960s show including King Tut, Egghead, Mad Hatter, Archer, Bookworm, False Face, Black Widow, Siren, Marsha Queen of Diamonds, Louie the Lilac, Ma Parker, and Shame make cameo appearances as prisoners at Iron Heights prison in the episode \"Day of the Dark Knight!\" They are all captured by Batman and Green Arrow during a mass escape attempt.  In Mayhem of the Music Meister! the same villains have brief cameos. The episode \"Game Over for Owlman!\" shows a room in the Batcave containing \"souvenirs\" of deathtraps that the Joker employed in the 1960s series, with accompanying flashbacks: the giant key from the \"Human Key Duplicator\" from \"The Impractical Joker\", the slot machine-controlled electric chair from \"The Joker Goes to School\", and the giant clam from \"The Joker's Hard Times\". The episode \"The Color of Revenge!\" begins with a flashback to the time of the 1960s television series, using attributes such as the red Batphone, the Shakespeare bust, the sliding bookcase, the Batpoles, Robin in his old television-series costume, and the shot of Batman and Robin fastening their seat belts in the Batmobile. Additionally, the Adam West Batman briefly appears in \"Night of the Batmen!\" as part of an army of Batmen gathered across the Multiverse."}
{"id": "doc506215", "text": "Discovered by Artem Cheprasov, there is a method of multiplication that allows the user to utilize 3 steps to quickly multiply numbers of any size to one another via three unique ways.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc506841", "text": "\"I'll Be There\" remains one of the most popular of the Jackson 5's hits, and has been covered by a number of artists, including Josie and the Pussycats and Mariah Carey, whose cover brought the song back into the public's consciousness two decades after its original release."}
{"id": "doc506854", "text": "During Michael Jackson's memorial service on July 7, 2009, Carey and Lorenz sang their rendition of the song in tribute to Jackson."}
{"id": "doc507218", "text": "President George W. Bush comes to speak at Powers Brothers Aviation and everything becomes a mess. Jack wants George to cut his hair but George likes his hair the way it is. Benny has started dating a 42-year-old man named Randy (Nick Offerman) without telling George.  During the president's speech, Carmen comes to the factory and disrupts it.  After the speech, George steals it from his desk.  This results in the Secret Service coming to George's house to ask about the President's speech, but George doesn't admit to stealing it, but Jack forces George to cut his hair or he will show the camera footage of George taking the speech. George then returns to the factory, and the police arrest him for punching Manny."}
{"id": "doc507632", "text": "The Constitution provides for the creation of at least 8 departments: Departments of State, Justice, Education, Health, Treasury, Labor, Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works. However, due to the increase in population, economy, and public needs over the years, the Puerto Rico government has expanded the executive branch by establishing additional executive departments not specified in the Constitution. These additional departments are established by public law or so-called \"reorganization plans\", as approved by the legislative assembly."}
{"id": "doc508622", "text": "It is the filming site for major motion pictures including Scooby Doo (2002), House of Wax (2005), Superman Returns (2006), Unbroken (2014), The Inbetweeners 2 (2014), San Andreas (2015) Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017), Kong: Skull Island (2017), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Pacific Rim: Uprising (2018), Aquaman (2018) and Dora the Explorer (2019).[48]"}
{"id": "doc509898", "text": "The film was shot in Los Angeles in the summer of 1986. Locations include San Pedro High School, Hancock Park and the Hollywood Bowl.[5]"}
{"id": "doc510177", "text": "The film is currently scheduled to be released in the winter of 2017 in Russia."}
{"id": "doc510841", "text": "The quote appeared at the end of the 2016 film The Promise, a film about the Armenian Genocide.[18]"}
{"id": "doc511592", "text": "A formal announcement in The London Gazette reads: \"The Queen has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 31 December 2012 to declare that all the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales should have and enjoy the style, title and attribute of Royal Highness with the titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their Christian names or with such other titles of honour.\" This refers to any children of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge."}
{"id": "doc511808", "text": "Sunflower field in Maremma"}
{"id": "doc512672", "text": "However, in many jurisdictions, floating charges are required to be registered in order to perfect them; otherwise they may be unenforceable on the bankruptcy of the debtor. This registration requirement has often led to other property rights (such as rights under a defective retention of title clause), which have been re-characterized as a floating charge being held to be void for non-registration."}
{"id": "doc512681", "text": "As most secured lenders will not usually have recourse to their security until the debtor company is in a parlous financial state, the usual position is that even all the remaining assets of the company are not enough to repay the debt secured by the floating charge, leaving the unsecured creditors with nothing. This perception has led to a widening of the classes of preferred creditors who take ahead of the floating charge holders in a number of countries. The introduction of a regime of voidable floating charges for floating charges taken just prior to the onset of insolvency is a partial response to these criticisms."}
{"id": "doc512949", "text": "Arsenal fifth period of success came with the appointment of Ars\u00e8ne Wenger in 1996. Under him, Arsenal won a second league and cup double in 1997\u201398 and then a third in 2001\u201302. In addition, the club were victorious in the 2002\u201303 and 2004\u201305 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003\u201304 without losing a single match. In 2005\u201306 became the first London club to reach the UEFA Champions League Final, and lost 2\u20131 against FC Barcelona. During the following close season, they left their longstanding home of Highbury to the new Emirates Stadium nearby.Their new home would unfortunately see a trophy drought for the next seven years.The Emirates Stadium would have something to celebrate as Arsenal would win 3 FA Cups for the next four seasons."}
{"id": "doc513055", "text": "Total Drama Island sets in a fictional titular reality show that follows the competition of 22 unsuspecting and unknowing teenagers at Camp Wawanakwa, the most rundown, bug-infested, disgusting island located in an unspecified area in Muskoka, Ontario. The campers participate in competitions and challenges which get more insane and dangerous each week to avoid being voted off the island by their fellow campers and teammates. At the end of the series, the winning contestant will win C$100,000. The competition is hosted by Chris McLean, who is assisted by the camp's chef, Chef Hatchet, who is also Chris McLean's best friend despite being mistreated at times. Egotistical and immoral to them, unless it affects him legally, Chris places the show's contestants in various life-threatening challenges."}
{"id": "doc513406", "text": "The growth of railroads and highways across the state, and the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, caused commercial traffic on the canal to decline dramatically during the second half of the 20th century."}
{"id": "doc513535", "text": "Marriages of members of the royal family were formerly regulated by the Royal Marriages Act of 1772 (repealed 2015), which made it illegal for any member of the British royal family (defined as all descendants of King George II, excluding descendants of princesses who marry into \"foreign families\") under the age of 25 to marry without the consent of the ruling monarch. Any member of the royal family over the age of 25 who has been refused the sovereign's consent may marry one year after giving notice to the Privy Council of their intention to so marry, unless Parliament passes an act against the marriage in the interim. In 2005, the Queen consented formally to the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles."}
{"id": "doc515127", "text": "The original Act's long title was An Act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes. It was based largely on a proposed bill originally reported six years earlier on August 16, 1856, to the 34th Congress by the Select Committee on the Pacific Railroad and Telegraph.[2] Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862, the 1862 Act authorized extensive land grants[3] in the Western United States and the issuance of 30-year government bonds (at 6 percent) to the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad (later the Southern Pacific Railroad) companies in order to construct a continuous transcontinental railroad between the eastern side of the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa (opposite from Omaha, Nebraska)[4][5] and the navigable waters of the Sacramento River in Sacramento, California.[6] Section 2 of the Act granted each Company contiguous rights of way for their rail lines as well as all public lands within 200 feet (61\u00c2\u00a0m) on either side of the track.[7]"}
{"id": "doc515771", "text": "The Keys were long accessible only by water. This changed with the completion of Henry Flagler's Overseas Railway in the early 1910s. Flagler, a major developer of Florida's Atlantic coast, extended his Florida East Coast Railway down to Key West with an ambitious series of over-sea railroad trestles. Three hurricanes disrupted the project in 1906, 1909, and 1910."}
{"id": "doc517096", "text": "The Iraqi army, armed mainly with older Soviet and Eastern European built equipment,[209] was overall ill-equipped in comparison to the American and British forces. Attacks on U.S. supply routes by Fedayeen militiamen were repulsed. The Iraqis' artillery proved largely ineffective, and they were unable to mobilize their air force to attempt a defense. The Iraqi T-72 tanks, the most powerful armored vehicles in the Iraqi army, were both outdated and ill-maintained, and when they were mobilized they were rapidly destroyed, thanks in part to the Coalition air supremacy. The U.S. Air Force, Marine Corps and Naval Aviation, and British Royal Air Force operated with impunity throughout the country, pinpointing heavily defended resistance targets and destroying them before ground troops arrived. The main battle tanks of the U.S. and UK forces, the U.S. M1 Abrams and British Challenger 2, functioned well in the rapid advance across the country. Despite the many RPG attacks by irregular Iraqi forces, few U.S. and UK tanks were lost, and no tank crew-members were killed by hostile fire, although nearly 40 M1 Abrams were damaged in the attacks.[210] The only tank loss sustained by the British Army was a Challenger 2 of the Queen's Royal Lancers that was hit by another Challenger 2, killing two crew members."}
{"id": "doc518266", "text": "1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which includes"}
{"id": "doc518268", "text": "In 2005, the South African Constitutional Court set an international precedent in the case of Laugh It Off Promotions CC v South African Breweries International when it found that the small culture jamming company Laugh-it-Off's right to freedom of expression outweighs the protection of trademark of the world's second largest brewery.[4]"}
{"id": "doc518394", "text": "In the United States freedom of expression is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. There are several common law exceptions including obscenity,[214][215] defamation,[214][215] incitement to riot or imminent lawless action,[214][215] fighting words,[214] fraud, speech covered by copyright, and speech integral to criminal conduct; this is not to say that it is illegal, but just that either state governments or the federal government may make them illegal. There are federal criminal law statutory prohibitions covering all the common law exceptions other than defamation, of which there is civil law liability, as well as terrorist threats,[216][217] making false statements in \"matters within the jurisdiction\" of the federal government,[218] spreading false and misleading information relating to death or injury of members of the US Military,[219][220] speech related to information decreed to be related to national security such as military and classified information,[221] false advertising,[215] perjury,[215] privileged communications, trade secrets,[222][223] copyright, and patents. There also exist so-called \"gag orders\" which prevent the recipient of search warrants[224] and certain court orders (such as those concerning national security letters,[225][226][227] subpoenas,[228] pen registers and trap and trace devices,[229][230] 18 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a02703(d) orders,[231][232] suspicious activity reports[233]) from revealing them. Most states and localities have many identical restrictions, as well as harassment, and time, place and manner restrictions. In addition, in California it is a crime to post a police officer's or public safety official's address or telephone number on the Internet for the purpose of obstruction of justice or retaliation for the exercise of official duties.[234][235]"}
{"id": "doc518395", "text": "Historically, local communities and governments have sometimes sought to place limits upon speech that was deemed subversive or unpopular. There was a significant struggle for the right to free speech on the campus of the University of California at Berkeley in the 1960s. And, in the period from 1906 to 1916, the Industrial Workers of the World, a working class union, found it necessary to engage in free speech fights intended to secure the right of union organizers to speak freely to wage workers. These free speech campaigns were sometimes quite successful, although participants often put themselves at great risk.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc519281", "text": "Second World War"}
{"id": "doc519408", "text": "In June 1965, after completing a two-week European tour of France, Italy and Spain, the Beatles attended the London premiere of Help!, their second film, and then returned to the United States for another two-week tour.[41] The tour commenced at Shea Stadium, New York City on Sunday 15 August 1965. The circular stadium had been constructed the previous year, opening on 17 April 1964, with seating arranged in four ascending decks, all of which were filled for the concert.[41] It was the first time in history that a large outdoor stadium had been used for such a purpose, and the event sold out in seventeen minutes.[42]"}
{"id": "doc519493", "text": "Episode count is as of episode 7.8"}
{"id": "doc520021", "text": "The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It also features well-known actors in supporting roles, including Gary Oldman as Sirius Black, David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, Michael Gambon (in his debut in the role of Albus Dumbledore), Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney and Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and is followed by Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire."}
{"id": "doc520683", "text": "On June 14, when the Convention was ready to consider the report on the Virginia plan, William Paterson of New Jersey requested an adjournment to allow certain delegations more time to prepare a substitute plan. The request was granted, and, on the next day, Paterson submitted nine resolutions embodying necessary amendments to the Articles of Confederation, which was followed by a vigorous debate. On June 19, the delegates rejected the New Jersey Plan and voted to proceed with a discussion of the Virginia Plan. The small States became increasingly discontented, and some threatened to withdraw. On July 2, the Convention was deadlocked over giving each State an equal vote in the upper house, with five States in the affirmative, five in the negative, and one divided."}
{"id": "doc520684", "text": "The problem was referred to a committee consisting of one delegate from each State to reach a compromise. On July 5, the committee submitted its report, which became the basis for the \"Great Compromise\" of the Convention. The report recommended that in the upper house each State should have an equal vote and in the lower house, each State should have one representative for every 40,000 inhabitants,[5] counting slaves as three-fifths of an inhabitant,[5] and that money bills should originate in the lower house (not subject to amendment by the upper chamber)."}
{"id": "doc520687", "text": "What was ultimately included in the constitution was a modified form of this plan, partly because the larger states disliked it. In committee, Benjamin Franklin modified Sherman's proposal to make it more acceptable to the larger states. He added the requirement that revenue bills originate in the house."}
{"id": "doc520689", "text": "Senate representation was explicitly protected in Article Five of the United States Constitution:"}
{"id": "doc523031", "text": "Some authors require it be possible to create new functions at runtime to call them 'first-class'. As a result, functions in C are not first-class objects; instead, they are sometimes called second-class objects, because they can still be manipulated in most of the above fashions (via function pointers)."}
{"id": "doc523750", "text": "Hence, the energy released is 0.0238 \u00c3\u2014 931 MeV = 22.2 MeV."}
{"id": "doc524130", "text": "The series follows Piper Chapman, forced to board a bus and a plane without being given any information. Later she discovers that she is in Chicago to testify in the trial of Alex's drug boss, Kubra Balik, and that the stay is temporary. Meanwhile, in Litchfield Penitentiary, a new inmate is raising to power into the prison, by manipulating other inmates and taking control of the drug contraband. Threatened by this new inmate, Red goes to war, to protect her family and her power."}
{"id": "doc524132", "text": "Piper is awakened in solitary and, without being given any information, forced to board a bus and a plane to whereabouts unknown. After she lands, finally realizing she is in Chicago, Piper assumes she has been transferred for killing Pennsatucky and attempts to adjust to her new surroundings. After speaking with Alex, Piper discovers she is in Chicago to testify in the trial of Alex's drug boss, Kubra Balik, and that the stay is temporary. Piper returns to Litchfield along with a Japanese-American inmate named Brook Soso, whom Piper comforts."}
{"id": "doc524514", "text": "When a uranium nucleus fissions into two daughter nuclei fragments, about 0.1 percent of the mass of the uranium nucleus[7] appears as the fission energy of ~200\u00a0MeV. For uranium-235 (total mean fission energy 202.79\u00a0MeV[8]), typically ~169\u00a0MeV appears as the kinetic energy of the daughter nuclei, which fly apart at about 3% of the speed of light, due to Coulomb repulsion. Also, an average of 2.5\u00a0neutrons are emitted, with a mean kinetic energy per neutron of ~2\u00a0MeV (total of 4.8\u00a0MeV).[9] The fission reaction also releases ~7\u00a0MeV in prompt gamma ray photons. The latter figure means that a nuclear fission explosion or criticality accident emits about 3.5% of its energy as gamma rays, less than 2.5% of its energy as fast neutrons (total of both types of radiation ~ 6%), and the rest as kinetic energy of fission fragments (this appears almost immediately when the fragments impact surrounding matter, as simple heat).[10][11] In an atomic bomb, this heat may serve to raise the temperature of the bomb core to 100\u00a0million kelvin and cause secondary emission of soft X-rays, which convert some of this energy to ionizing radiation. However, in nuclear reactors, the fission fragment kinetic energy remains as low-temperature heat, which itself causes little or no ionization."}
{"id": "doc525397", "text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is scheduled to be released July 26, 2019 by Sony Pictures Releasing.[35] The film was originally scheduled for release on August 9 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Tate\u00e2\u20ac\u201cLaBianca murders.[36]"}
{"id": "doc525586", "text": "The western jackdaw was one of the many species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th century work Systema Naturae.[2] Owing to its supposed fondness for picking up coins, Linnaeus gave it the binomial name Corvus monedula, choosing the specific name m\u01d2n\u0113d\u016dla, which is derived from moneta, the Latin stem of the word \"money\".[3][4] Jackdaws are sometimes placed in the genus Coloeus, from the Ancient Greek \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 (koloios) for jackdaw,[5] though most subsequent works have retained the two jackdaw species in Corvus.[6]"}
{"id": "doc525751", "text": "The sixth series of the show began on 17 January 2017. This series was filmed on location in Crete, Greece. The series was confirmed on 2 November 2016.[24] The official list of cast members were released on 13 December 2016.[25] They include four boys; Alex Leslie, Josh Ritchie, Ross Worsick and Sean Pratt, and four girls; Harriette Harper, Maisie Gillespie, Zahida Allen and ZaraLena Jackson. Ross has previously appeared in the first series of the show whereas Josh featured in the first series of Love Island. With the announcement of the line-up it was also confirmed that Geordie Shore star Aaron Chalmers would be arriving on the beach as an ex as well as former The Only Way Is Essex cast member Nicole Bass. Chanelle McCleary, an ex from this series, later went onto appear in the eighteenth series of Big Brother but was evicted a week before the final."}
{"id": "doc526956", "text": "The following C language fragment is syntactically correct, but performs an operation that is not semantically defined (because p is a null pointer, the operations p->real and p->im have no meaning):"}
{"id": "doc527459", "text": "Alan Jackson did a cover the song on his 1999 album Under the Influence."}
{"id": "doc527472", "text": "The song is a classic twelve-bar blues, both in musical structure and the repeated lyrics in each verse and chorus. It is the story of an ending relationship, and a plea from the narrator to her partner for the partner to convince her to remain, to \"give me one reason to stay here, and I'll turn right back around.\" At the end of the song, the partner is apparently given voice for the last line, \"said I told you that I loved you, and there ain't no more to say.\""}
{"id": "doc529465", "text": "In the final match held in Yokohama, Japan, two goals from Ronaldo secured the World Cup for Brazil as they claimed victory over Germany. Ronaldo scored twice in the second half and, after the game, won the Golden Shoe award for the tournament's leading scorer with eight goals. This was the fifth time Brazil had won the World Cup, cementing their status as the most successful national team in the history of the competition. Brazil became the only team since Argentina in 1986 to win the trophy without needing to win a penalty shootout at some stage during the knockout phase, and the total number of penalty shootouts (2) was the lowest since the four-round knockout format was introduced in 1986. Brazil also became the first team to win every match at a World Cup Finals since 1970, and set a new record for highest aggregate goal difference (+14) for a World Cup winner. Brazil's captain Cafu, who became the first player to appear in three successive World Cup finals, accepted the trophy on behalf of the team."}
{"id": "doc530778", "text": "The House of Representatives has 435 members, elected for a two-year term in single-seat constituencies. House of Representatives elections are held every two years on the first Tuesday after November 1 in even years. Special House elections can occur between if a member dies or resigns during a term. House elections are first-past-the-post elections that elect a Representative from each of 435 House districts which cover the United States. The non-voting delegates of Washington, D.C. and the territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands are also elected."}
{"id": "doc530780", "text": "As the redistricting commissions of states are often partisan, districts are often drawn which benefit incumbents. An increasing trend has been for incumbents to have an overwhelming advantage in House elections, and since the 1994 election, an unusually low number of seats has changed hands in each election.[citation needed] Due to gerrymandering, fewer than 10% of all House seats are contested in each election cycle. Over 90% of House members are reelected every two years, due to lack of electoral competition. Gerrymandering of the House, combined with the divisions inherent in the design of the Senate and of the Electoral College, result in a discrepancy between the percentage of popular support for various political parties and the actual level of the parties' representation."}
{"id": "doc531512", "text": "Bay meets the man who molested Travis when he was twelve: his uncle. She tries to make him tell his mother about what happened and reconnect. Chris tries to make Daphne cheat on his drug test so he won't get kicked out of the baseball team for using steroids. Regina finds out her coffeehouse is being robbed, so she put security cameras all over the place. She finds out the culprit is Eric, who has returned to get back a secret stash he hid in the coffeehouse so he and his son, Will, can start a new life. He asks her to come with him, but she refuses."}
{"id": "doc531580", "text": "In an interview with The Scotsman in May 2008, lead singer Dave McCabe described the writing process of the song: \"I could tell you I was inspired by gazing out across the Mersey or walking past Macca's old house, but the truth is I got the idea in a cab on the way to my mum's. The whole song was written before I got there, so 20 minutes, max.\"[1]"}
{"id": "doc531809", "text": "In 2015, he was interviewed as a guest on Episode 301 of Public Radio International's Live Wire Radio."}
{"id": "doc533047", "text": "TILA also gives consumers the right to cancel certain credit transactions that involve a lien on a consumer's principal dwelling, regulates certain credit card practices, and provides a means for fair and timely resolution of credit billing disputes. With the exception of certain high-cost mortgage loans, TILA does not regulate the charges that may be imposed for consumer credit. Rather, it requires uniform or standardized disclosure of costs and charges so that consumers can shop. It also imposes limitations on home equity plans that are subject to the requirements of 12 C.F.R. 1026.40 and certain \"higher-priced\" mortgage loans (HPMLs) that are subject to the requirements of 12 C.F.R. 1026.35. The regulation prohibits certain acts or practices in connection with credit secured by a consumer's principal dwelling."}
{"id": "doc534490", "text": "Planning began in June 2004, and production was much larger than The Curse of the Black Pearl, which was only shot on location in St. Vincent.[9] This time, the sequels would require fully working ships, with a working Black Pearl built over the body of an oil tanker in Bayou La Batre, Alabama. By November, the script was still unfinished as the writers did not want director Gore Verbinski and producer Jerry Bruckheimer to compromise what they had written, so Verbinski worked with James Byrkit to storyboard major sequences without need of a script, while Elliott and Rossio wrote a \"preparatory\" script for the crew to use before they finished the script they were happy with. By January 2005, with rising costs and no script, Disney threatened to cancel the film, but changed their minds. The writers would accompany the crew on location, feeling that the lateness of their rewrites would improve the spontaneity of the cast's performances.[7]"}
{"id": "doc535769", "text": "The first \"proto-gun\", the fire lance, was introduced in 905 AD. This consisted of a bamboo or metal tube attached to a spear filled with gunpowder that could be ignited at will, with a range of five metres. It was capable of killing or maiming several soldiers at a time and was mass-produced and used especially in the defense of cities. Later versions of the fire lance dropped the spear point and had more gunpowder content."}
{"id": "doc535996", "text": "Filming began in January 1975, and concluded approximately three months later, and was shot on location in Salem, Oregon, and the surrounding area, as well as on the Oregon coast.[7][8][9]"}
{"id": "doc536009", "text": "Pakistan became independent of the United Kingdom in 1947, but remained a British Dominion like Canada or Australia until 1956. Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the Government of India Act 1935 with certain adaptations, served as the working constitution of Pakistan, but the need of a full independence and a constitution to be framed by the elected representatives of the people was all the more necessary for the free citizens of a sovereign state. Therefore, the first Constituent Assembly was formed under the Independence Act and was entrusted with two separate functions:[1]"}
{"id": "doc536273", "text": "The most influential empirical and theoretical work in the subject has been done in the United States where teaching programs first emerged and a generation of trained environmental historians is now active.[23] In the United States environmental history as an independent field of study emerged in the general cultural reassessment and reform of the 1960s and 1970s along with environmentalism, \"conservation history\",[34] and a gathering awareness of the global scale of some environmental issues. This was in large part a reaction to the way nature was represented in history at the time, which \u201cportrayed the advance of culture and technology as releasing humans from dependence on the natural world and providing them with the means to manage it [and] celebrated human mastery over other forms of life and the natural environment, and expected technological improvement and economic growth to accelerate\u201d.[35] Environmental historians intended to develop a post-colonial historiography that was \"more inclusive in its narratives\".[14]"}
{"id": "doc536374", "text": "According to the folk etymology found in Genesis 25:26, the name Ya\u02bfaqob[clarification needed] \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1\u200e is derived from aqeb \u05e2\u05b8\u05e7\u05b5\u05d1\u200e \"heel\".[2][3] The historical origin of the name is uncertain. Ya\u02bfqob-'el[clarification needed] is notably recorded as a placename in a list by Thutmose III (15th century BC). The same name is recorded earlier still, in c. 1800 BC, in cuneiform inscriptions (spelled ya-ah-qu-ub-el, ya-qu-ub-el).[4] The suggestion that the personal name may be shortened from this compound name, which would translate to \"may El protect\", originates with Bright (1960).[5] The Septuagint renders the name \u0399\u03b1\u03ba\u03c9\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2, whence Latin Jacobus, English Jacob."}
{"id": "doc536387", "text": "Near Luz en route to Haran, Jacob experienced a vision of a ladder, or staircase, reaching into heaven with angels going up and down it, commonly referred to as \"Jacob's ladder\". He heard the voice of God, who repeated many of the blessings upon him, coming from the top of the ladder."}
{"id": "doc536398", "text": "Jacob asked the being's name, but he refused to answer. Afterwards, Jacob named the place Penuel (Penuw`el, Peniy`el, meaning \"face of God\"),[23] saying: \"I have seen God face to face and lived.\""}
{"id": "doc536531", "text": "In mid-October 1965, the Beatles entered the recording studio. For the first time when making an album, they had an extended period without other major commitments.[133] Until this time, according to George Martin, \"we had been making albums rather like a collection of singles. Now we were really beginning to think about albums as a bit of art on their own.\"[134] Released in December, Rubber Soul has been hailed by critics as a major step forward in the maturity and complexity of the band's music.[132] Their thematic reach was beginning to expand as they embraced deeper aspects of romance and philosophy.[135] Biographers Peter Brown and Steven Gaines attributed the new musical direction to \"the Beatles' now habitual use of marijuana\",[136] an assertion confirmed by the band \u2013 Lennon referred to it as \"the pot album\",[137] and Starr said: \"Grass was really influential in a lot of our changes, especially with the writers. And because they were writing different material, we were playing differently.\"[137] After Help!'s foray into the world of classical music with flutes and strings, Harrison's introduction of a sitar on \"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)\" marked a further progression outside the traditional boundaries of popular music. As their lyrics grew more artful, fans began to study them for deeper meaning. Of \"Norwegian Wood\" Lennon commented: \"I was trying to be sophisticated in writing about an affair\u00a0... but in such a smokescreen way that you couldn't tell.\"[138]"}
{"id": "doc536538", "text": "Among the experimental songs that Revolver featured was \"Tomorrow Never Knows\", the lyrics for which Lennon drew from Timothy Leary's The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Its creation involved eight tape decks distributed about the EMI building, each staffed by an engineer or band member, who randomly varied the movement of a tape loop while Martin created a composite recording by sampling the incoming data.[167] McCartney's \"Eleanor Rigby\" made prominent use of a string octet; Gould describes it as \"a true hybrid, conforming to no recognisable style or genre of song\".[168] Harrison was developing as a songwriter, and three of his compositions earned a place on the record.[169] In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked Revolver as the third greatest album of all time.[145] During the US tour that followed its release, however, the band performed none of its songs.[170] As Chris Ingham writes, they were very much \"studio creations\u00c2\u00a0... and there was no way a four-piece rock 'n' roll group could do them justice, particularly through the desensitising wall of the fans' screams. 'Live Beatles' and 'Studio Beatles' had become entirely different beasts.\"[171] The band's final concert at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on 29 August was their last commercial concert.[172] It marked the end of a four-year period dominated by almost nonstop touring that included over 1,400 concert appearances internationally.[173]"}
{"id": "doc536608", "text": "Ancient Church Orders"}
{"id": "doc537776", "text": "A live-action film based on the manga was released in Japan on July 29, 2017. An anime adaptation based on the sequel manga Tokyo Ghoul:re was released on 3 April 2018."}
{"id": "doc539263", "text": "The third Council of Sirmium, in 357, was the high point of Arianism. The Seventh Arian Confession (Second Sirmium Confession) held that both homoousios (of one substance) and homoiousios (of similar substance) were unbiblical and that the Father is greater than the Son. (This confession was later known as the Blasphemy of Sirmium)"}
{"id": "doc539406", "text": "Before World War I, motorized vehicles were still relatively uncommon, and their use on the battlefield was initially limited, especially of heavier vehicles. Armoured cars soon became more commonplace with most belligerents, especially in more open terrain. On August 23, 1914, the French Colonel Jean Baptiste Eug\u00e8ne Estienne, later a major proponent of tanks, declared: Messieurs, la victoire appartiendra dans cette guerre \u00e0 celui des deux bellig\u00e9rants qui parviendra le premier \u00e0 placer un canon de 75 sur une voiture capable de se mouvoir en tout terrain (\"Gentlemen, the victory will belong, in this war, to the one of the two belligerents who will be the first to succeed in mounting a 75 mm gun on a vehicle capable of moving in all types of terrain\")."}
{"id": "doc539417", "text": "The first fifty had been delivered to France on 30 August. They were 'male' or 'female', depending upon whether their armament comprised two 6-pounder cannon and three Hotchkiss machine guns or four Vickers machine guns and one Hotchkiss. It had a crew of eight, four of whom were needed to handle the steering and drive gears. The tanks were capable of, at best, 6\u00a0km/h (4\u00a0mph), matching the speed of marching infantry with whom they were to be integrated to aid in the destruction of enemy machine guns. In practice, their speed on broken ground could be as little as 1\u00a0mph."}
{"id": "doc539419", "text": "The first use of tanks on the battlefield was the use of British Mark I tanks at the Battle of Flers-Courcelette (part of the Battle of the Somme) on 15 September 1916, with mixed results; many broke down, but nearly a third succeeded in breaking through. Of the forty-nine tanks shipped to the Somme, only thirty-two were able to begin the first attack in which they were used and only nine made it across \"no man's land\" to the German lines. The tanks had been rushed into combat before the design was mature enough (against Churchill's and Ernest Swinton's wishes)[6] and the number was small but their use gave important feedback on how to design newer tanks, the soundness of the concept, and their potential to affect the course of the war. On the other hand, the French Army was critical of the British employment of small numbers of tanks at this battle. They felt the British had sacrificed the secrecy of the weapon while employing it in numbers too small to be decisive. Considering that the British attack was part of an Anglo-French offensive while the Russians were also attacking at the same time, Haig felt justified in making a maximum effort, regardless of the limitations of the tank force."}
{"id": "doc539428", "text": "But industrial initiative also led to swift advances. The car industry, already used to vehicle mass production and having much more experience in vehicle layout, in 1916 designed the first practical light tanks, a class largely neglected by the British. It was Renault's excellent small tank design, the FT, incorporating a proper climbing face for the tracks, that was the first tank to incorporate a top-mounted turret with a full 360\u00c2\u00b0 traverse capability. In fact the FT was in many respects the first truly 'modern' tank having a layout that has been followed by almost all designs ever since: driver at the front; main armament in a fully rotating turret on top; engine at the rear. Previous models had been \"box tanks\", with a single crowded space combining the role of engine room, fighting compartment, ammunition stock and driver's cabin. (A very similar Peugeot prototype, with a fixed casemate mounting a short 75mm cannon, was trialled in 1918 but the idea was not pursued). The FT had the largest production run of any tank of the war, with over 3700 built, more numerous than all British tanks combined. That this would happen was at first far from certain; some in the French army lobbied for the alternative mass production of super-heavy tanks. Much design effort was put in this line of development resulting in the gigantic Char 2C, the most complex and technologically advanced tank of its day. Its very complexity ensured it being produced too late to participate in World War I and in the very small number of just ten, but it was the first tank with a three-man turret; the heaviest to enter service until late in World War II and still the largest ever operational."}
{"id": "doc539988", "text": "The references by Rojas and Hashagen (or Wilkes)[13] give more details about the times for operations, which differ somewhat from those stated above."}
{"id": "doc540344", "text": "The Mini came about because of a fuel shortage caused by the 1956 Suez Crisis.[20]  Petrol was once again rationed in the UK, sales of large cars slumped, and the market for German bubble cars boomed, even in countries like Britain where imported cars were still a rarity. The Fiat 500, launched in 1957, was also hugely successful - especially in its native Italy."}
{"id": "doc540358", "text": "The Mini was marketed under BMC's two main brand names, Austin and Morris, until 1969, when it became a marque in its own right.[17] The Morris version was known to all as \"the Mini\" or the \"Morris Mini-Minor\". This seems to have been a play on words: the Morris Minor was a larger, well known and successful car that continued in production, and minor is Latin for \"lesser\", so an abbreviation of the Latin word for \"least\"\u00a0\u2013 minimus\u00a0\u2013 was used for the new even smaller car. One name proposed for the almost identical Austin version was Austin Newmarket, but it was sold as the Austin Seven (sometimes written as SE7EN in early publicity material\u00a0\u2013 with the '7' using the letter V rotated anti-clockwise so it approximated the number 7), which recalled the popular small Austin 7 of the 1920s and 1930s."}
{"id": "doc540363", "text": "The Mini entered into popular culture in the 1960s with well-publicised purchases by film and music stars.[36]"}
{"id": "doc540404", "text": "The 1275 GT is often incorrectly described as the \"Mini Clubman 1275 GT\". The official name was always just the \"Mini 1275 GT\", and it was a separate, distinct model from the Clubman (although it shared the same frontal treatment as the Mini Clubman, and was launched at the same time)."}
{"id": "doc540469", "text": "A significant functional aspect of the occipital lobe is that it contains the primary visual cortex."}
{"id": "doc540731", "text": "Three major types of issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850: a variety of boundary issues, the status of territory issues, and the issue of slavery. While capable of analytical distinction, the boundary and territory issues were actually included in the overarching issue of slavery. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery interests were each concerned with both the amount of land on which slavery was permitted and with the number of States in the slave or free camps. Since Texas was a slave state, not only the residents of that state but also both camps on a national scale had an interest in the size of Texas."}
{"id": "doc541085", "text": "There is a judicial branch, with the Supreme Court regarded as the highest court of the land."}
{"id": "doc542891", "text": "In series 8, Frank is ready to get married to Libby and he goes missing on his stag night. Libby starts putting up posters because of his disappearance. Carl and Chesney Karib (Qasim Akhtar) find a video on the internet; it is Frank having sex in public. Libby walks in and sees the video. In the feature length 100th episode Frank is accused of beating an old lady who is well known on the estate for her scratch-card winnings. Frank suffers a blackout and throughout the episode has flashbacks of that evening. Not knowing if he actually carried out the attack he hands himself into the police. Carl is convinced Frank is innocent. He digs into the events of that night and finds that a local gangster's brother had actually carried out the attack. Frank, along with Kev devise a plan to work with the police and cut a deal with the gangster that sees Frank set free."}
{"id": "doc542895", "text": "In series 6, feeling unloved by her children and Frank, Monica left once again. However, Monica returned in series 8,[1] after the family receives news that her daughter, Debbie, has been killed. She acted the same way with Frank's new partner, Libby Croker (Pauline McLynn), as she earlier did with Sheila. It soon became apparent that the death was a hoax set up by Monica and her civil partner, a psychiatric nurse called Mildred, who dresses up as an army officer and tells Libby that Debbie was killed in Afghanistan. Monica looked set to claim back her family, even going as far as to demand custody of her youngest children and, when Frank and Libby were reunited, Monica admitted that the reason she returned was truly for Frank as he was the one and she would \"always come back\". However, Frank knew that she would leave again, the same as she did before to him and to Norma and wouldn't let her ruin another of his relationships, so chose to stay with Libby. It was then revealed that Liam (who started warming up to her before leaving in series 6) had decided to live with Monica permanently so he could help her to see love inside herself. She returns in the show's penultimate episode when she sees on the news Frank and Stella are held hostage and tries to negotiate a deal where she would take Stella's place, but ends up locked with her daughter and ex-husband. Soon, Monica and Frank admit to still having feelings and they have sex. In the final episode, she gives birth to her eighth child, Ben, but feels guilty about aborting his twin brother and drowns in her own guilt and neglects Ben, and the returning Fiona is disgusted to know that Monica is still the same person that abandoned her. Monica eventually shows concern and stands up to Frank when she realizes Fiona is taking Stella and Ben with her."}
{"id": "doc543039", "text": "Later in the show on the start of a season Kev and Veronica were seen on TV when apprehended by Romanian authorities for attempting to buy a child from an orphanage. This came sudden and was unknown where they were till the TV report. They were jailed for up to 6 years."}
{"id": "doc543109", "text": "It is shown in Series 7 that Joe continues his secret relationship with Karen, and delivered her newborn son Connor Joseph Maguire whilst the rest of the family was absent. Joe distanced himself from Karen during and after her mental breakdown, but they continued to have feelings for each other. Joe also bought Yvonne Karib's (Kelli Hollis) \"Kash and Carry\" store after learning that she borrowed money off Paddy, as she was already in enough debt. One of the reasons for Yvonne's quick departure with Stan Waterman (Warren Donnelly) was that Stan was beaten up by a masked assailant. They assume Paddy is involved, not knowing Joe himself had beaten Stan in his plans to help convince them to leave. Joe also took over looking after Chesney Karib (Qasim Akhtar), not doing a great job, as Chesney was soon embroiled in a murder investigation. However, the drug-dealer who framed Carl Gallagher (Elliott Tittensor) and Chesney, called Jimmy.D, in his desperation to prevent them from informing the police of the murder he committed, roams around Chatsworth with his associates, terrorising the neighbourhood, and stepping on the toes of the Maguire family in the process. Shane declares Jimmy a marked man. The next morning, Chesney is still hiding in the shop when Joe assures him that things are going to turn out okay. Then a flashback is shown that during Shane's interrogation of rival gang-members for Jimmy's whereabouts, Joe had attacked and presumably murdered Jimmy."}
{"id": "doc543176", "text": "The soundtrack includes seven songs from The Beatles (also known as The White Album), five from Magical Mystery Tour, five from Abbey Road, four from Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, three from With The Beatles, two from A Hard Day's Night, two from Let It Be, one from Help!, one from Rubber Soul, and three other non-album singles."}
{"id": "doc543379", "text": "In the r-process (r is for \"rapid\"), captures happen faster than nuclei can decay. This occurs in environments with a high neutron density, such as a supernova or the merger of two neutron stars. The neutron flux involved may be on the order of 1022 neutrons per square centimeter per second.[89] The r-process does not form as much lead as the s-process. It tends to stop once neutron-rich nuclei reach 126 neutrons. At this point, the neutrons are arranged in complete shells in the atomic nucleus, and it becomes harder to energetically accommodate more of them. When the neutron flux subsides, these nuclei beta decay into stable isotopes of osmium, iridium, and platinum.[90]"}
{"id": "doc543979", "text": "Many philosophers believe that mathematics is not experimentally falsifiable, and thus not a science according to the definition of Karl Popper.[34] However, in the 1930s G\u00f6del's incompleteness theorems convinced many mathematicians[who?] that mathematics cannot be reduced to logic alone, and Karl Popper concluded that \"most mathematical theories are, like those of physics and biology, hypothetico-deductive: pure mathematics therefore turns out to be much closer to the natural sciences whose hypotheses are conjectures, than it seemed even recently.\"[35] Other thinkers, notably Imre Lakatos, have applied a version of falsificationism to mathematics itself.[36][37]"}
{"id": "doc545539", "text": "Elements with atomic numbers 1 through 40 are all stable, while those with atomic numbers 41 through 82 (except technetium and promethium) are metastable.[citation needed] The half-lives of these metastable \"theoretical radionuclides\" are so long (at least 100 million times longer than the estimated age of the universe) that their radioactive decay has yet to be detected by experiment. Elements with atomic numbers 83 through 94 are unstable to the point that their radioactive decay can be detected. Three of these elements, bismuth (element 83), thorium (element 90), and uranium (element 92) have one or more isotopes with half-lives long enough to survive as remnants of the explosive stellar nucleosynthesis that produced the heavy elements before the formation of our solar system. For example, at over 1.9\u00c3\u20141019 years, over a billion times longer than the current estimated age of the universe, bismuth-209 has the longest known alpha decay half-life of any naturally occurring element.[9][10] The very heaviest 24 elements (those beyond plutonium, element 94) undergo radioactive decay with short half-lives and cannot be produced as daughters of longer-lived elements, and thus they do not occur in nature at all."}
{"id": "doc545785", "text": "Kun (\u541b\u3010\u304f\u3093\u3011) is generally used by people of senior status addressing or referring to those of junior status, by anyone addressing or it can be used when referring to men in general, male children or male teenagers, or among male friends. It can be used by males or females when addressing a male whom they are emotionally attached to or have known for a long time. Although it may seem rude in workplaces, the suffix is also used by juniors when referring to seniors in both academic situations and workplaces, more typically when the two people are associated.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc545789", "text": "Chan (\u3061\u3083\u3093) is a diminutive suffix; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing. It is seemingly said to have come from a \"cute\" pronouncing of -san (in Japanese, replacing s sounds with ch sounds is seen as cute), although there is no evidence otherwise as this suffix has been used since the early days of ancient Japan. In general, chan is used for babies, young children, friends, grandparents and adolescents. It may also be used towards cute animals, lovers, close friends, any youthful woman, or between friends. Using chan with a superior's name is considered to be condescending and rude."}
{"id": "doc546646", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the Palm Springs International Film Festival on 2 January 2017. It was released in the United States on 10 March 2017, by CBS Films and Lionsgate, and in the United Kingdom on 14 April 2017, by StudioCanal."}
{"id": "doc546656", "text": "Principal photography on the film began on 8 September 2015 in London and Bristol.[6][7] Filming lasted for seven weeks.[3]"}
{"id": "doc546869", "text": "Notwithstanding early analogues, the concept of \"environmental law\" as a separate and distinct body of law is a twentieth-century development.[4] The recognition that the natural environment was fragile and in need of special legal protections, the translation of that recognition into legal structures, the development of those structures into a larger body of \"environmental law,\" and the strong influence of environmental law on natural resource laws, did not occur until about the 1960s. At that time, numerous influences - including a growing awareness of the unity and fragility of the biosphere; increased public concern over the impact of industrial activity on natural resources and human health; the increasing strength of the regulatory state; and more broadly the advent and success of environmentalism as a political movement - coalesced to produce a huge new body of law in a relatively short period of time. While the modern history of environmental law is one of continuing controversy, by the end of the twentieth century environmental law had been established as a component of the legal landscape in all developed nations of the world, many developing ones, and the larger project of international law."}
{"id": "doc546881", "text": "Defined by the United Nations Environment Programme as \"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,\" sustainable development may be considered together with the concepts of \"integration\" (development cannot be considered in isolation from sustainability) and \"interdependence\" (social and economic development, and environmental protection, are interdependent).[8] Laws mandating environmental impact assessment and requiring or encouraging development to minimize environmental impacts may be assessed against this principle."}
{"id": "doc547406", "text": "Article V, Section 1, states:"}
{"id": "doc548572", "text": "By the time of his death, Darwin had convinced most scientists that evolution as descent with modification was correct, and he was regarded as a great scientist who had revolutionised ideas. In June 1909, though few at that time agreed with his view that \"natural selection has been the main but not the exclusive means of modification\", he was honoured by more than 400 officials and scientists from across the world who met in Cambridge to commemorate his centenary and the fiftieth anniversary of On the Origin of Species.[166] Around the beginning of the 20th century, a period that has been called \"the eclipse of Darwinism\", scientists proposed various alternative evolutionary mechanisms, which eventually proved untenable. Ronald Fisher, an English statistician, finally united Mendelian genetics with natural selection, in the period between 1918 and his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection.[167] He gave the theory a mathematical footing and brought broad scientific consensus that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution, thus founding the basis for population genetics and the modern evolutionary synthesis, with J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright, which set the frame of reference for modern debates and refinements of the theory.[12]"}
{"id": "doc548704", "text": "Navidad\nNacimiento del ni\u00f1ito Jes\u00fas\nD\u00eda del ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas"}
{"id": "doc549341", "text": "In 2011 the Wildcats got off to a good start in the regular season with a record of 12\u20132, with their only losses being North Carolina away and UConn in the Maui Invitational Finals. Conference play was a different matter, and Kentucky would struggle in the SEC losing 6 out of their 8 away games, all of one were against unranked opponents. To close out the season with a three-game defeat No. 13 Florida, No. 23 Vanderbilt and Tennessee at home for a 22\u20138 record. The hot streak would continue and Kentucky would win their 27th SEC Tournament Title. This was enough for No.\u00a04 seed on the East regional where they played Princeton in a very close first-round game that ended in a 59-57 victory for the Cats. Knight, Jones and company would exact their revenge in the second round against West Virginia, who knocked off Kentucky in the 2010 tourney. In the Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight they would upset the No.\u00a01 seed Ohio State Buckeyes and No.\u00a02 seed North Carolina Tar Heels on their way to the school's 14th Final Four. They lost in the Final Four to eventual National Champion No.\u00a03 seed UConn 56\u201355."}
{"id": "doc550451", "text": "The lungs activate one hormone. The physiologically inactive decapeptide angiotensin I is converted to the aldosterone-releasing octapeptide, angiotensin II, in the pulmonary circulation. The reaction occurs in other tissues as well, but it is particularly prominent in the lungs. Angiotensin II also has a direct effect on arteriolar walls, causing arteriolar vasoconstriction, and consequently a rise in arterial blood pressure.[36] Large amounts of the angiotensin-converting enzyme responsible for this activation are located on the surfaces of the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries. The converting enzyme also inactivates bradykinin. Circulation time through the alveolar capillaries is less than one second, yet 70% of the angiotensin I reaching the lungs is converted to angiotensin II in a single trip through the capillaries. Four other peptidases have been identified on the surface of the pulmonary endothelial cells."}
{"id": "doc550633", "text": "More precisely, one may distinguish three types of parameters or parameter modes: input parameters, output parameters, and input/output parameters; these are often denoted in, out, and in out or inout. An input argument (the argument to an input parameter) must be a value, such as an initialized variable or literal, and must not be redefined or assigned to; an output argument must be an assignable variable, but it need not be initialized, any existing value is not accessible, and must be assigned a value; and an input/output argument must be an initialized, assignable variable, and can optionally be assigned a value. The exact requirements and enforcement vary between languages \u00e2\u20ac\u201c for example, in Ada 83 output parameters can only be assigned to, not read, even after assignment (this was removed in Ada 95 to remove the need for an auxiliary accumulator variable). These are analogous to the notion of a value in an expression being an r-value (has a value), an l-value (can be assigned), or an r-value/l-value (has a value and can be assigned), respectively, though these terms have specialized meanings in C."}
{"id": "doc550702", "text": "Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is a serious and life-threatening, but very rare, lung condition that occurs soon after birth of the newborn. Newborn babies with PPHN have high pressure in their lung blood vessels and are not able to get enough oxygen into their bloodstream. About 1 to 2 babies per 1000 babies born in the U.S. develop PPHN shortly after birth, and often they need intensive medical care. It is associated with about a 25% risk of significant long-term neurological deficits.[108] A 2014 meta analysis found no increased risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension associated with exposure to SSRI's in early pregnancy and a slight increase in risk associates with exposure late in pregnancy; \"an estimated 286 to 351 women would need to be treated with an SSRI in late pregnancy to result in an average of one additional case of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.\".[109] A review published in 2012 reached conclusions very similar to those of the 2014 study.[110]"}
{"id": "doc550879", "text": "The Pacific Electric Railway was created in 1901 by railroad executive Henry E. Huntington and banker Isaias W. Hellman.[2] As a Vice President of the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP), operated by his uncle, Collis P. Huntington, Huntington had a background in electric trolley lines in San Francisco where he oversaw SP's effort to consolidate many smaller street railroads into one organized network.[3] Hellman, the President of the Nevada Bank, San Francisco's largest, became one of the largest bond holders for these lines and he and the younger Huntington developed a close business relationship. The success of their San Francisco trolley adventure and Hellman's experience in financing some early Los Angeles trolley lines led them to invest in the purchase of some existing downtown Los Angeles lines which they began to standardize and organize into one network called the Los Angeles Railway. When uncle Collis died, Henry lost a boardroom battle for control of the Southern Pacific to Union Pacific President E. H. Harriman. Huntington then decided to focus his energies on Southern California."}
{"id": "doc551209", "text": "Other studio units have also released films theatrically, namely Walt Disney Television Animation's Disney MovieToons/Video Premiere unit (now DisneyToon Studios) and the studio's distribution unit, which acquires film rights from outside animation studios to release films under the Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, or previously owned Miramax film labels.[citation needed] In 1996, The Walt Disney Studios signed a deal with Tokuma Shoten for distribution rights to the theatrical works of Studio Ghibli worldwide (excluding Asia except for Japan and Taiwan and excluding Grave of the Fireflies which was not published by Tokuma), including what then was the most recent film, Princess Mononoke. The deal later grew to include DVD rights and newer Ghibli movies; the English language Disney release of Spirited Away won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. Studio Ghibli remains wholly independent of Disney and maintains strict creative control over the handling of the foreign language localization Disney produces.[3] All of the theatrical Ghibli back catalog originally included in the deal have since been released to DVD in North America and several other countries. Other studios globally have released films through Walt Disney Pictures which maintains distribution rights in certain territories."}
{"id": "doc551351", "text": "United States Federal student loans and some private student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy only with a showing of \"undue hardship.\" In contrast to credit card debt, which often can be discharged through bankruptcy proceedings,[26][27][28][29] this option is not generally available for educational loan debt.[30][31][32] Additionally, those seeking to discharge their student loan debt must initiate an adversary proceeding, a separate lawsuit within the bankruptcy case where they illustrate the required undue hardship.[33] Many borrowers cannot afford to retain an attorney or the additional litigation costs associated with an adversary proceeding, let alone a bankruptcy case. Further complicating matters, the undue hardship standard varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but is generally difficult to meet, making student loans practically non-dischargeable through bankruptcy. In most circuits discharge depends on meeting three prongs in the Brunner test:[34]"}
{"id": "doc551483", "text": "The inferior vena cava (or IVC) is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. Its walls are rigid and has valves so the blood does not flow down via gravity. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra."}
{"id": "doc551718", "text": "\"Here is eternal spring; for you the very stars of heaven are new.\"[35]"}
{"id": "doc551897", "text": "Burton immediately brought regular collaborators Depp and Danny Elfman aboard. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory represents the first time since The Nightmare Before Christmas that Elfman contributed to a film score using written songs and his vocals. Filming took place from June to December 2004 at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was released to positive critical reception and was a box office success, grossing $475 million worldwide."}
{"id": "doc552141", "text": "Aside from repeats of episodes on ITV3, which occurred on the original week of their broadcast, the show has regularly been repeated on other digital stations. Re-runs of the series began on 1 November 1992, when new digital channel UKTV Gold began broadcasting. The channel broadcast repeats of the series for nearly sixteen years, until 6 October 2008, when the channel was given a revamp by the owners of the network. During the sixteen-year period, re-runs of the series covered every episode broadcast between 16 October 1984, and 8 March 2007.[38] On 7 October 2008, UKTV launched a new British drama channel, Alibi, and from this point on, episodes of the series were broadcast in the 8\u00c2\u00a0am slot on the channel. Alibi broadcast episodes until 23 December 2009, when the show was taken from the channel's schedule due to poor viewer feedback. During the fourteen months that the show broadcast on Alibi, the channel covered all of the episodes broadcast between 25 August 1998 and 27 February 2002. On 27 January 2010, UKTV relocated The Bill to one of its more recent entertainment channels, Watch. Watch began by airing the episode \"Sweet Revenge\", broadcast on 21 March 2007. Thus, they continued in broadcast order, carrying on from where their predecessor, UKTV Gold, had finished. Through the course of the year, the channel continued to broadcast episodes from the latter years of the show, concluding in November 2010 with the episode \"Conviction: Judgement Day\", broadcast on 16 July 2009. Following a short break from the network, the series returned in December 2010, beginning with Episode #001, broadcast on 28 February 2002. This continued on from the broadcast order of episodes repeated on Alibi, carrying on from where the network had finished. As of April 2012, Watch had repeated every single episode from 28 February 2002 to 24 February 2005, and was to begin airing episodes from March 2005. In July 2013 the show started to be broadcast by UKTV channel Drama, starting with episodes from 1998.[39] On 14 August 2017, Drama started showing The Bill from the beginning."}
{"id": "doc552697", "text": "The theorem says two things for this example: first, that 1200 can be represented as a product of primes, and second, that no matter how this is done, there will always be exactly four 2s, one 3, two 5s, and no other primes in the product."}
{"id": "doc552698", "text": "The requirement that the factors be prime is necessary: factorizations containing composite numbers may not be unique (e.g., 12 = 2 \u00d7 6 = 3 \u00d7 4)."}
{"id": "doc552702", "text": "(In modern terminology: if a prime p divides the product ab, then p divides either a or b or both.) Proposition 30 is referred to as Euclid's lemma. And it is the key in the proof of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic."}
{"id": "doc552720", "text": "Assume that s > 1 is the product of prime numbers in two different ways:"}
{"id": "doc553245", "text": "A burial ground in Campeche, Mexico, suggests slaves had been brought there not long after Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s completed the subjugation of Aztec and Mayan Mexico in the 16th century. The graveyard had been in use from approximately 1550 to the late 17th century.[46]"}
{"id": "doc553954", "text": "As of 2013, term limits at the federal level are restricted to the executive branch and some agencies. Judicial appointments at the federal level are made for life, and are not subject to election or to term limits. The U.S. Congress remains (since the Thornton decision of 1995) without electoral limits. During one of Trump's speeches from October 2016, he is quoted as having planned to impose term limits on Congress within his first hundred days in office.[25]"}
{"id": "doc555360", "text": "Once again, Babylon was besieged by the Assyrians, starved into surrender and its allies were defeated. Ashurbanipal celebrated a \"service of reconciliation\", but did not venture to \"take the hands\" of Bel. An Assyrian governor named Kandalanu was appointed as ruler of the city. Ashurbanipal did collect texts from Babylon for inclusion in his extensive library at Ninevah.[19]"}
{"id": "doc555420", "text": "The single mix made its album debut on the Beatles' 1967\u20131970 compilation album. Original pressings erroneously show the running time of 4:01 (from the Let It Be album), and not the single version's running time of 3:52. This version was also included on 20 Greatest Hits, Past Masters Volume 2 and 1."}
{"id": "doc555434", "text": "Per John Winn's \"That Old Magic Feeling\", Mark Lewisohn's \"The Complete Beatles Chronicle\" and Steve Sullivan's \"Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings, Volume 1\""}
{"id": "doc556367", "text": "Jackson reunited with Off the Wall producer Quincy Jones to record his sixth studio album (his second under the Epic label). The pair worked together on 30 songs, nine of which were eventually included.[19] Thriller was recorded at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California, with a production budget of $750,000 (US$1,861,293 in 2016 dollars[20]). The recording for Thriller commenced on April 14, 1982 at 12:00 noon with Jackson and Paul McCartney recording \"The Girl Is Mine\" and the album was completed with the final day of mixing on November 8, 1982.[21] Several members of the band Toto were also involved in the album's recording and production.[19] Jackson wrote four songs for the record: \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\", \"The Girl Is Mine\", \"Beat It\" and \"Billie Jean\".[22] Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write these songs on paper. Instead, he would dictate into a sound recorder; when recording he would sing from memory.[23][24]"}
{"id": "doc556385", "text": "Before the success of Thriller, many felt Jackson had struggled to get MTV airing because he was black.[38] In an effort to attain air time for Jackson, CBS Records President Walter Yetnikoff pressured MTV and declared, \"I'm not going to give you any more videos and I'm going to go public and fucking tell them about the fact you don't want to play music by a black guy.\"[38]"}
{"id": "doc556388", "text": "Today, Thriller is still viewed in a positive light by critics some three decades later. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote that the record had something to interest everyone. He believed it showcased harder funk and hard rock while remaining \"undeniably fun\". He went on to compliment \"Billie Jean\" and \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\" and said, \"The record's two best songs: 'Billie Jean, ... and the delirious 'Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'', the freshest funk on the album [but] the most claustrophobic, scariest track Jackson ever recorded.\" Erlewine gave the opinion that it was an improvement on the artist's previous album, although he was critical of the title track, describing it as \"ridiculous\" and as having the effect of \"arriving in the middle of the record and sucking out its momentum\".[29] In The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), Jon Pareles commented that Jackson \"doubled his ambitions and multiplied his audience\" with the album and wrote of its legacy, \"Thriller had extramusical help in becoming the best-selling noncompilation album of all time: Jackson's dancing feet and dazzling stage presence, amplified by the newfound promotional reach of music video and the Reagan era's embrace of glossy celebrity. But especially in the album's seven hit singles (out of nine songs), the music stands on its own.\"[86]"}
{"id": "doc556389", "text": "Sputnikmusic reviewer Tyler Fisher noted that Thriller \"stands one of Jackson's greatest efforts, giving him an eternal legacy in pop music.\"[87] Culture critic Nelson George wrote that Jackson \"has educated R. Kelly, Usher, Justin Timberlake and countless others with Thriller as a textbook\".[88] As a sign of the album's longevity, in 2003 Thriller was ranked at number 20 on the Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list and was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers at number three of the \"Definitive 200\" albums of all time.[11][89] In 2008, 25 years after its release, the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and, a few weeks later, was among 25 recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as \"culturally significant\".[90][91] In 2009, music critics for MTV Base and VH1 both listed Thriller as the best album released since 1981.[92] Thriller, along with other critic favorites, were then polled by the public. 40,000 people found Thriller to be the Best Album of all time by MTV Generation, gaining a third of all votes.[92][93]"}
{"id": "doc556455", "text": "The Rolling Stones"}
{"id": "doc556460", "text": "Filming began in April 2008,[5] much of it occurring in Columbia, Tennessee[6] and Los Angeles, California,[1][7] and was completed in July 2008.[8] The film was released theatrically by Walt Disney Pictures on April 10, 2009 in the United States and Canada.[9] As the teen sitcom originated on Disney Channel, the network premiered a teaser trailer of the film during their shows. The film achieved commercial success, grossing $155 million in worldwide box office revenue, and receiving mixed critical response."}
{"id": "doc558085", "text": "In furtherance of its theme of reconciling Jews and Gentiles to Jesus, the book describes a variety of visions or visitations to some early inhabitants in the Americas involving Jesus. Most notable among these is a described visit of Jesus to a group of early inhabitants shortly after his resurrection.[64] Many of the book's contributors described other visions of Jesus, including one by the Brother of Jared who, according to the book, lived before Jesus, and saw the \"body\" of Jesus' spirit thousands of years prior to his birth.[60] According to the book, a narrator named Nephi described a vision of the birth, ministry, and death of Jesus,[65] including a prophecy of Jesus' name,[66] said to have taken place nearly 600 years prior to Jesus' birth.[67]"}
{"id": "doc559423", "text": "Syria and the entire Near East and beyond then fell to the vast Neo Assyrian Empire (911 BC \u00e2\u20ac\u201c 605 BC). The Assyrians introduced Imperial Aramaic as the lingua franca of their empire. This language was to remain dominant in Syria and the entire Near East until after the Arab Islamic conquest in the 7th and 8th centuries AD, and was to be a vehicle for the spread of Christianity. The Assyrians named their colonies of Syria and Lebanon Eber-Nari. Assyrian domination ended after the Assyrians greatly weakened themselves in a series of brutal internal civil wars, followed by an attacking coalition of their former subject peoples; the Medes, Babylonians, Chaldeans, Persians, Scythians and Cimmerians. During the fall of Assyria, the Scythians ravaged and plundered much of Syria. The last stand of the Assyrian army was at Carchemish in northern Syria in 605 BC."}
{"id": "doc559430", "text": "The northern Mesopotamian Assyrian kingdom of Adiabene controlled areas of north east Syria between 10 AD and 117 AD, before it was conquered by Rome.[50]"}
{"id": "doc559711", "text": "Furthermore, Darwin built up his theory through a careful examination of considerable empirical data. Boasian research revealed that virtually every claim made by cultural evolutionists was contradicted by the data, or reflected a profound misinterpretation of the data. As Boas's student Robert Lowie remarked, \"Contrary to some misleading statements on the subject, there have been no responsible opponents of evolution as 'scientifically proved', though there has been determined hostility to an evolutionary metaphysics that falsifies the established facts\"."}
{"id": "doc559900", "text": "If a corporation meets the foregoing requirements and wishes to be taxed under Subchapter S, its shareholders may file Form 2553: \"Election by a Small Business Corporation\"[13][14] with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The Form 2553 must be signed by all of the corporation's shareholders. If a shareholder resides in a community property state, the shareholder's spouse generally must also sign the 2553."}
{"id": "doc561914", "text": "Nicholson is a Germanic surname. It is a patronymic form of the given name Nichol, which was a common medieval form of Nicholas.[2]"}
{"id": "doc562262", "text": "Filming began on October 7, 2013 in Cape Town and Johannesburg.[5] Meryl Streep had some of her scenes shot in England, where she also filmed Rob Marshall's Into the Woods, before doing additional filming two months later in Paarl, a town near Cape Town.[6][7] The filming was completed on February 13, 2014 in Utah.[8]"}
{"id": "doc562498", "text": "In all states, the governor is directly elected, and in most cases has considerable practical powers, though this may be moderated by the state legislature and in some cases by other elected executive officials. In the five extant U.S. territories, all governors are now directly elected as well, though in the past many territorial governors were historically appointed by the President of the United States. Governors can veto state bills, and in all but seven states they have the power of the line-item veto on appropriations bills (a power the President does not have). In some cases legislatures can override a gubernatorial veto by a two-thirds vote, in others by three-fifths."}
{"id": "doc562696", "text": "The location scenes in the Alfred Hitchcock-directed film The Birds (1963) were filmed in both Bodega Bay and nearby Bodega (though both were represented as being parts of the movie's Bodega Bay.) The town markets itself with the film in many ways, including its Birds-themed visitors' center, although none of the film's primary locations are found there. The church and schoolhouse shown in the film are located on Bodega Hwy in Bodega[7]. The town was also featured in the cult horror movie Puppet Master (1989)."}
{"id": "doc563699", "text": "The sidereal year is the time taken for the Earth to complete one revolution of its orbit, as measured against a fixed frame of reference (such as the fixed stars, Latin sidera, singular sidus). Its average duration is 7002365256363004000\u00e2\u2122\u00a0365.256363004 mean solar days (365 d 6 h 9 min 9.76 s) (at the epoch J2000.0 = January 1, 2000, 12:00:00 TT).[5]"}
{"id": "doc563701", "text": "The anomalistic year is the time taken for the Earth to complete one revolution with respect to its apsides. The orbit of the Earth is elliptical; the extreme points, called apsides, are the perihelion, where the Earth is closest to the Sun (January 3 in 2011), and the aphelion, where the Earth is farthest from the Sun (July 4 in 2011). The anomalistic year is usually defined as the time between perihelion passages. Its average duration is 7002365259636000000\u00e2\u2122\u00a0365.259636 days (365 d 6 h 13 min 52.6 s) (at the epoch J2011.0).[8]"}
{"id": "doc564138", "text": "The song was inspired by a dream Cash had about Queen Elizabeth II in which the queen compared Cash to \"a thorn tree in a whirlwind.\" Haunted by the dream, Cash became curious if the phrase was a biblical reference and eventually found a similar phrase in the Book of Job.[7]"}
{"id": "doc564708", "text": "Writing about AD 94, Clement of Rome states that the apostles appointed successors to continue their work where they had planted churches and for these in their turn to do the same because they foresaw the risk of discord. He uses both 'bishop' and 'presbyter' to refer to these men.[citation needed] According to Eric G. Jay, the interpretation of his writing is disputed, but it is clear that he supports some sort of approved continuation of the ministry exercised by the apostles[25] which in its turn was derived from Christ.[1]"}
{"id": "doc564709", "text": "Hegesippus (180?) and Irenaeus (180) introduce explicitly the idea of the bishop's succession in office as a guarantee of the truth of what he preached in that it could be traced back to the apostles.[26] and they produced succession lists to back this up.[27] That this succession depended on the fact of ordination to a vacant see and the status of those who administered the ordination is seldom commented on. Woollcombe also states that no one questioned the apostolicity of the See of Alexandria despite the fact that its Popes were consecrated by the college of presbyters up till the time of the Council of Nicaea in 325.[26] On the contrary, other sources clearly state that Mark the Evangelist is the first bishop of Alexandria (Pope of Alexandria),[28] then he ordained Annianus as his successor bishop (2nd Pope)[29] as told by Eusebius (Historia Ecclesiastica 2.24.1)."}
{"id": "doc564728", "text": "An early understanding of apostolic succession is represented by the traditional claims of various churches, as organised around important episcopal sees, to have been founded by specific apostles. On the basis of these traditions, the churches claim to have inherited specific authority, doctrines and/or practices on the authority of their founding apostle(s), which is understood to be continued by the bishops of the apostolic throne of the church that each founded and whose original leader he was. Thus:"}
{"id": "doc564961", "text": "A party cannot seek to exempt himself from liability for loss or damage to the property of another caused by his own dolus or by that of his servants. To permit of such a situation would be contra bonos mores. A party cannot exempt himself from liability for the wilful misconduct, or criminal or dishonest activity (fraud,[83] in other words), of himself or his employees or agents. In Wells v SA Alumenite, the aggrieved party had been induced into buying a lighting company based on a misrepresentation, but there was a clause exempting seller from any misrepresentation. The Appellate Division held that, \"if people sign such conditions they must, in the absence of fraud, be held to them. Public policy so demands.\"[84]"}
{"id": "doc565065", "text": "Unless he cancels the contract, or obtains an order compelling the creditor to accept his performance, it is not clear how the debtor can discharge his debt without having to wait until the period of prescription has run, or until performance has become impossible. Consignation (payment into court with notice to the creditor) appears to have fallen into desuetude, and is in any event impossible or impracticable in many cases (as in the case where perishables are to be delivered). Whether the debtor may sell the goods for the account of the creditor is also uncertain."}
{"id": "doc565399", "text": "Look Who's Talking Too is a 1990 American romantic comedy film and a sequel to director Amy Heckerling's 1989 comedy Look Who's Talking. The film stars the original cast members John Travolta and Kirstie Alley as James and Mollie Ubriacco, the parents of Mikey (voiced by Bruce Willis), a toddler coping with the newest addition to the family, baby Julie (voiced by Roseanne Barr). In addition to this, he is having trouble using a potty, and the unorthodox advice he gets from his playmate, Eddie (voiced by Damon Wayans), doesn't make his problem any better.[1]"}
{"id": "doc565706", "text": "Ancient Church Orders"}
{"id": "doc566021", "text": "Sgt. Pepper was the first pop album to be mastered without the momentary gaps that are typically placed between tracks as a point of demarcation.[89] It made use of two crossfades that blended songs together, giving the impression of a continuous live performance.[90][nb 11] Although both stereo and monaural mixes of the album were prepared, the Beatles were minimally involved in what they regarded as the less important stereo mix sessions, leaving the task to Martin and Emerick.[92] Emerick recalls: \"We spent three weeks on the mono mixes and maybe three days on the stereo.\"[93] He estimates that they spent 700 hours on the LP, more than 30 times that of the first Beatles album, Please Please Me, which cost \u00a3400 to produce.[94] The final cost of Sgt. Pepper was approximately \u00a325,000.[95] The album was completed on 21 April 1967 with the recording of random noises and voices that were included on the run-out groove along with a high-pitched tone, inaudible to human ears, that could be heard by dogs.[96]"}
{"id": "doc566026", "text": "McCartney acts as the master of ceremonies near the end of the \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" track, introducing Starr as an alter ego named Billy Shears.[89] The song then segues into \"With a Little Help from My Friends\" amidst a moment of crowd cheer that Martin had recorded during a Beatles concert at the Hollywood Bowl.[121] Womack describes Starr's baritone lead vocals as \"charmingly sincere\" and he credits them with imparting an element of \"earnestness in sharp contrast with the ironic distance of the title track\".[121] Lennon and McCartney's call and response backing vocals ask Starr questions about the meaning of friendship and true love.[122][nb 16] In MacDonald's opinion, the lyric is \"at once communal and personal\u00c2\u00a0... touchingly rendered by Starr [and] meant as a gesture of inclusivity; everyone could join in.\"[125] Womack agrees, identifying \"necessity of community\" as the song's \"central ethical tenet\", a theme that he ascribes to the album as a whole.[122] Everett notes the track's use of a major key double-plagal cadence that would become commonplace in pop music following the release of Sgt. Pepper. He characterises the arrangement as clever, particularly its reversal of the question and answer relationship in the final verse, in which the backing singers ask leading questions and Starr provides unequivocal answers.[126] The song ends on a vocal high note that McCartney, Harrison and Lennon encouraged Starr to achieve despite his lack of confidence as a singer.[127]"}
{"id": "doc567112", "text": "Conviction is an American legal drama television series on ABC.[1] It premiered on Monday, October 3, 2016.[2] The series, starring Hayley Atwell, was picked up from pilot on May 12, 2016.[3] A full trailer was released on May 17, 2016.[4] On November 8, 2016, ABC announced there would be no back-order for more than the thirteen contracted episodes;[5] however, the remaining episodes of the season aired until its conclusion on January 29, 2017.[6] ABC canceled the series on May 11, 2017.[7]"}
{"id": "doc567275", "text": "When a child has survived one month of life (29 days if lunar month reckoning) a mun yuet (Chinese: \u6eff\u6708; pinyin: m\u01cenyu\u00e8) celebration can be observed, in which duck or chicken eggs dyed red are distributed to guests to signify fertility."}
{"id": "doc567776", "text": "Some humans, for example, Mrs Coulter, are shown to have the ability to go farther from their d\u00e6mons than most others. Mrs Coulter's d\u00e6mon, a golden monkey, goes into Lyra's room when she is staying with Mrs Coulter to find her alethiometer (truth reader) despite not having undergone intercision, with Mrs Coulter talking to Lyra perfectly normally at the same time. The reasons Mrs Coulter can do this are not stated."}
{"id": "doc570839", "text": "Back at the prison, T-Bag is put into solitary confinement for aiding Sara's escape."}
{"id": "doc573905", "text": "In the North:"}
{"id": "doc574823", "text": "Early concepts of built environment date to Classical Antiquity: Hippodamus of Miletos, known as the \"father of urban planning,\"[by whom?] developed Greek cities from 498\u00a0BC to 408\u00a0BC that created order by using grid plans that mapped the city. These early city plans eventually gave way to the City Beautiful movement in the late\u00a01800s and early\u00a01900s, inspired by Daniel Hudson Burnham, a reformist for the Progressivism movement who actively promoted \"a reform of the landscape in tandem with political change.\"[5] The effort was in partnership with others who believed that beautifying American cities would improve the moral compass of the cities and encourage the upper class to spend their money in cities. This beautification process included parks and architectural design.[6] By mid-century modernist \"indifferent\" design influenced the character of work and public spaces, followed by what Alexander describes as a late twentieth century \"revival of interest relating to the concept of place (including the built environment), and its relevance to mental health and other fields of study.\"[7]"}
{"id": "doc575203", "text": "This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of Aristotle.[140] Buridan developed the theory of impetus as the cause of the motion of projectiles, which was an important step towards the modern concept of inertia.[141] The works of these scholars anticipated the heliocentric worldview of Nicolaus Copernicus.[142]"}
{"id": "doc576791", "text": "The government speech doctrine establishes that the government may censor speech when the speech is its own, leading to a number of contentious decisions on its breadth."}
{"id": "doc577385", "text": "Efforts toward more sustainable agriculture are supported in the sustainability community, however, these are often viewed only as incremental steps and not as an end. Some foresee a true sustainable steady state economy that may be very different from today's: greatly reduced energy usage, minimal ecological footprint, fewer consumer packaged goods, local purchasing with short food supply chains, little processed foods, more home and community gardens, etc.[33][34][35]"}
{"id": "doc579105", "text": "California uses a heavily modified version in which the Governor can theoretically nominate any California attorney who has practiced for ten years. But then the nominee must undergo an evaluation by the Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation (JNE) of the State Bar of California, which then forwards a nonbinding evaluation to the Governor. For superior court positions, the Governor can make an appointment after receiving a report from JNE. For appellate court positions, the Governor submits the nomination to the Commission on Judicial Appointments, consisting of the Chief Justice, the Attorney General, and the presiding justice of the affected Court of Appeal district (or the most senior presiding justice for Supreme Court nominations). The CJA holds a public meeting, and receives the report from the JNE Commission, then decides whether to confirm the nominee. Once confirmed, the judge can take office but then must go through retention elections (at different intervals for each level of the judiciary)."}
{"id": "doc579128", "text": "The 2017 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2016\u201317 UEFA Europa League, the 46th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 8th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It was played at the Friends Arena in Solna, Sweden on 24 May 2017,[5] between Dutch side Ajax and English side Manchester United. Manchester United won the match 2\u20130 to secure their first title in this competition.[6] With this victory, they joined Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea as the only clubs to have won all three major European trophies (European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/Europa League, and the now defunct UEFA Cup Winners' Cup).[7]"}
{"id": "doc579135", "text": "The ambassador for the final was former Swedish international player Patrik Andersson, who won the Champions League with Bayern Munich against Valencia in 2001.[16]"}
{"id": "doc579817", "text": "Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district includes parts of Greene, Washington, Allegheny, and Westmoreland counties. The district is represented by Conor Lamb, who was elected March 13, 2018.[4]"}
{"id": "doc580016", "text": "Filming took place from September 22, 1999 to March 3, 2000 in Toronto and in Hamilton, Ontario.[45][46] Locations included Central Commerce Collegiate, Distillery District and Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum.[47] Casa Loma, Roy Thomson Hall and Metro Hall were used for X-Mansion interiors, while Parkwood Estate (located in Oshawa, east of Toronto) was chosen for exteriors.[47] Spencer Smith Park (in Burlington, Ontario) doubled for Liberty Island.[47] Post-production was hectic, with Shuler Donner saying that \"we had to lock picture and score and edit, sometimes at the same time.\"[48]"}
{"id": "doc580220", "text": "Critical reception towards Rachel has remained consistently positive throughout Friends' decade-long run, with The A.V. Club attributing much of the show's early success to the character. However, some of her storylines have been criticized, specifically her romantic relationship with her friend Joey during season ten. Rachel's popularity established her as the show's breakout character, who has since been named one of the greatest television characters of all time, while the character's second season haircut spawned an international phenomenon of its own. Named the \"Rachel\" after her, the character's shag continues to be imitated by millions of women around the world and remains one of the most popular hairstyles in history, in spite of Aniston's own resentment towards it. Rachel is also regarded as a style icon due to her influence on womenswear during the 1990s. Meanwhile, the character's relationship with Ross is often cited among television's most beloved."}
{"id": "doc580244", "text": "Both Rachel and Aniston became fashion icons due to their combined influence on womenswear during the 1990s,[162][163][164] particularly among British women.[165] Vogue's Edward Barsamian credits Rachel with inspiring \"the cool New York look\".[104] According to Stylist, Rachel \"revived [a] love of denim shirts and dungarees\",[165] while Mahogany Clayton of StyleBlazer believes that the character \"managed to dominate every fashion trend that passed by her radar in the most stylish ways possible\".[166] Hailing her as the \"Fash Queen\", Heat magazine observed the character's influence on plaid skirts, denim and overalls.[120] Citing every costume the character wore during the first season of Friends, BuzzFeed determined that Rachel popularized the mullet dress.[167] TV Guide published a list of \"The 17 Ways Rachel from Friends Changed '90s Fashion\".[168] Rachel is often considered to be one of television's best dressed characters.[169] Elle included Rachel in the magazine's \"50 Best Dressed Women on TV\" list.[170] PopSugar ranked Friends 15th on the website's list of \"50 TV Shows That Changed the Way We Dress\", citing Rachel's \"impressive\" wardrobe.[171] InStyle ranked Friends the 36th most fashionable television show of all-time, praising Rachel, Monica and Phoebe's costumes.[172] StyleCaster ranked Rachel among \"The 50 Most Stylish TV Characters Of All Time\" at number 28.[173] Cosmopolitan magazine compiled a list of \"16 things Rachel Green wore to work that we'd totally wear today\",[174] while Virgin Media ranked the character among television's sexiest.[136] Brides magazine ranked Rachel's wedding dress among \"The Best TV Wedding Dresses\", with contributor Jane Frankfort commending the dress with \"set[ting] the tone for the following 10 years together and the many milestones our favorite friends will bring.\"[175]"}
{"id": "doc581881", "text": "Southern Whigs in the Congress, including Representative Milton Brown and Senator Ephraim Foster, both of Tennessee, and Representative Alexander Stephens of Georgia[146] collaborated to introduce a House amendment on January 13, 1845[147] that was designed to enhance slaveowner gains in Texas beyond those offered by the Democratic-sponsored Tyler-Calhoun treaty bill.[148] The legislation proposed to recognize Texas as a slave state which would retain all its vast public lands, as well as its bonded debt accrued since 1836. Furthermore, the Brown amendment would delegate to the U.S. government responsibility for negotiating the disputed Texas-Mexico boundary. The issue was a critical one, as the size of Texas would be immensely increased if the international border were set at the Rio Grande River, with its headwaters in the Rocky Mountains, rather than the traditionally recognized boundary at the Nueces River, 100 miles to the north.[149] While the Tyler-Calhoun treaty provided for the organization of a total of four states from the Texas lands \u2013 three likely to qualify as slave states \u2013 Brown's plan would permit Texas state lawmakers to configure a total of five states from its western region, south of the 36\u00b030' Missouri Compromise line, each pre-authorized to permit slavery upon statehood, if Texas designated them as such.[150]"}
{"id": "doc583523", "text": "Bill Thomas, Jr., son of the late Bill Thomas, who played the original Buckwheat, contacted the studio and was invited down to visit the set, but got the impression that the filmmakers did not want him or any of the surviving original cast members involved in any production capacity. The surviving cast members saw this as especially hurtful, in light of the fact that director Penelope Spheeris had previously made a point of including Buddy Ebsen, from the original Beverly Hillbillies, in her 1993 feature film adaptation of that series. Eugene Jackson, who played the original Pineapple from the silent Our Gang comedies, and tried unsuccessfully to contact the studio to be a part of production, stated, \"It's real cold. They have no respect for the old-timers. At least they could have recognized some of the living legends surviving from the first films.\"[1] Filming took place from January 11, 1994 to April 6, 1994.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc583721", "text": "Dodge v. Woolsey, 59 U.S. 331 (1855): \"[The people] have directed that amendments should be made representatively for them, by the Congress\u00a0...; or where the legislatures of two thirds of the several States shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, become valid, to all intents and purposes, as a part of the constitution, when ratified\u00a0...\""}
{"id": "doc585415", "text": "Lewis reaches out to Stan to help defend the Tri-Lambs, but Stan says no. Lewis angrily reminds Stan that he was forgiving of their rocky past and even defended him when others were telling him Stan was worthless. But Stan says that he is not Lewis' friend and that Lewis will always be a nerd. This betrayal finally spurs Lewis to once again embrace his nerd self. He arranges bail for the arrested Tri-Lambs by putting up his house as collateral. He then calls upon all nerds, those on campus and in the city, who are sympathetic to their cause to participate in a massive nerd strike. Many of the city's basic utilities and services become crippled. To end the strike, Price decides to frame Lewis for embezzling college funds and harvesting marijuana in the basement of the Tri-Lam house. Stan thinks Orrin Price has gone too far, and remembering his law enforcement past, cannot fathom robbery and illegal drugs, yet does not object to Price's actions. The strike is called off after it is public that Lewis was arrested. Betty then confronts Stan about getting Lewis released, even offering herself to him. Stan becomes deeply ashamed, saying he still has a little pride left."}
{"id": "doc585906", "text": "Used by American soldiers in the Western front, the pump action shotgun was a formidable weapon in short range combat, enough so that Germany lodged a formal protest against their use on 14 September 1918, stating \"every prisoner found to have in his possession such guns or ammunition belonging thereto forfeits his life\", though this threat was apparently never carried out. The U.S. military began to issue models specially modified for combat, called \"trench guns\", with shorter barrels, higher capacity magazines, no choke, and often heat shields around the barrel, as well as lugs for the M1917 bayonet. Anzac and some British soldiers were also known to use sawn-off shotguns in trench raids, because of their portability, effectiveness at close range, and ease of use in the confines of a trench. This practice was not officially sanctioned, and the shotguns used were invariably modified sporting guns."}
{"id": "doc586538", "text": "Principal photography on the film began on 12 October 2015 in south of France.[25][27] The BBC and Fox Searchlight subsequently released a promotional image of Saunders and Lumley in character on a yacht.[26] Along with Sawalha, Whitfield and Horrocks,[4] Kathy Burke was confirmed to be reprising her role as Magda,[6] and Kate Moss, Emma Bunton and Lulu would appear in guest roles as themselves, as they had in the TV series.[4] The cameo appearances of Harry Styles, Kelly Hoppen and Kim Kardashian were also announced as filming began.[4] Multiple other celebrity cameos were announced during production,[4][5][8][9][10][11][12] culminating with a 60-name list released in April 2016.[13][14]"}
{"id": "doc586601", "text": "In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation.[30]"}
{"id": "doc587116", "text": "Sentenced to 15 months for a crime committed 10 years earlier, Piper Chapman leaves her supportive fianc\u00c3\u00a9 Larry for her new home: a women's prison. Her counselor, Sam Healy, empathizes with her and tries to gently give her tips to survive. She grapples with the racial dynamics of prison life and learns some of the rules. Unfortunately, she offends Red, the powerful matriarch of the prison kitchen, who responds by serving Piper a bloody tampon and subsequently starving her. Piper is then shocked to discover that Alex Vause, her former lover (who recruited her into carrying drug money) is in the same prison."}
{"id": "doc587517", "text": "By the early 1930s, Vickers had developed an amphibious tank. By using very thin armour, flotation could be achieved without external buoyancy aids. The British Army trialled the Vickers-Carden-Loyd Light Amphibious Tank but did not adopt it for service use. An order was placed with Vickers by the USSR for a small number of tanks. After negotiations to purchase the Vickers tank by Poland failed, they developed their own design the PZIn\u017c 130 but dropped the idea of amphibious tanks as obsolete. A pontoon based tank, the L1E3, was produced by Vickers in 1939."}
{"id": "doc587518", "text": "In World War II the British further developed amphibious tanks. The Crusader was trialled with two pontoons that could be attached or removed, the tracks driving the tank in the water. The \"Medium Tank A/T 1\" was a tank with inbuilt buoyancy some 24\u00a0ft (7.3\u00a0m) long and 11\u00a0ft (3.4\u00a0m) tall. The Valentine, then the M4 Sherman medium tank were made amphibious with the addition of a rubberized canvas screen to provide additional buoyancy and propellers driven by the main engine to give propulsion. These were DD tanks (from \"Duplex Drive\") and the Sherman DD was used on D-Day to provide close fire support on the beaches during the initial landings. The Sherman DD could not fire when afloat as the buoyancy screen was higher than the gun. A number swamped and sank in the operation, due to rough weather in the English Channel (with some tanks having been launched too far out), and to turning in the current to converge on a specific point on the battlefield, which allowed waves to breach over the screens. Those making it ashore, however, provided essential fire support in the first critical hours."}
{"id": "doc588464", "text": "Parliament may determine the number of members of the House of Representatives but the Constitution provides that this number must be \"as nearly as practicable, twice the number of Senators\"; this requirement is commonly called the \"nexus provision\". Hence, the House presently consists of 150 members. Each state is allocated seats based on its population; however, each original state, regardless of size, is guaranteed at least five seats. The Constitution does not guarantee representation for the territories. Parliament granted a seat to the Northern Territory in 1922, and to the Australian Capital Territory in 1948; these territorial representatives, however, had only limited voting rights until 1968.[28] Federal electorates have their boundaries redrawn or redistributed whenever a state or territory has its number of seats adjusted, if electorates are not generally matched by population size or if seven years have passed since the most recent redistribution.[29]"}
{"id": "doc588578", "text": "In 1980 the International Union for the Conservation of Nature published a world conservation strategy that included one of the first references to sustainable development as a global priority[7] and introduced the term \"sustainable development\".[8]:4 Two years later, the United Nations World Charter for Nature raised five principles of conservation by which human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged.[9] In 1987 the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development released the report Our Common Future, commonly called the Brundtland Report. The report included what is now one of the most widely recognised definitions of sustainable development.[10][11]"}
{"id": "doc588590", "text": "Sustainable agriculture consists of environment friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without damage to human or natural systems. It involves preventing adverse effects to soil, water, biodiversity, surrounding or downstream resources\u00e2\u20ac\u201das well as to those working or living on the farm or in neighboring areas. The concept of sustainable agriculture extends intergenerationally, passing on a conserved or improved natural resource, biotic, and economic base rather than one which has been depleted or polluted.[26] Elements of sustainable agriculture include permaculture, agroforestry, mixed farming, multiple cropping, and crop rotation.[27] It involves agricultural methods that do not undermine the environment, smart farming technologies that enhance a quality environment for humans to thrive and reclaiming and transforming deserts into farmlands(Herman Daly, 2017).[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc588612", "text": "The most broadly accepted criterion for corporate sustainability constitutes a firm's efficient use of natural capital.  This eco-efficiency is usually calculated as the economic value added by a firm in relation to its aggregated ecological impact.[76]  This idea has been popularised by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) under the following definition: \"Eco-efficiency is achieved by the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life-cycle to a level at least in line with the earth's carrying capacity\" (DeSimone and Popoff, 1997: 47).[77]"}
{"id": "doc588621", "text": "Working with a different emphasis, some researchers and institutions have pointed out that a fourth dimension should be added to the dimensions of sustainable development, since the triple-bottom-line dimensions of economic, environmental and social do not seem to be enough to reflect the complexity of contemporary society. In this context, the Agenda 21 for culture and the United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG)  Executive Bureau lead the preparation of the policy statement \"Culture: Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development\", passed on 17 November 2010, in the framework of the World Summit of Local and Regional Leaders\u00a0\u2013 3rd World Congress of UCLG, held in Mexico City. This document inaugurates a new perspective and points to the relation between culture and sustainable development through a dual approach: developing a solid cultural policy and advocating a cultural dimension in all public policies. The Circles of Sustainability approach distinguishes the four domains of economic, ecological, political and cultural sustainability.[85][86][87]"}
{"id": "doc589376", "text": "\""}
{"id": "doc590470", "text": "As in the rest of the former Confederacy, North Carolina had become a one-party state, dominated by the Democratic Party. Impoverished by the Civil War, the state continued with an economy based on tobacco, cotton and agriculture. Towns and cities remained few in the east. A major industrial base emerged in the late 19th century in the western counties of the Piedmont, based on cotton mills established at the fall line. Railroads were built to connect the new industrializing cities. The state was the site of the first successful controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air flight, by the Wright brothers, near Kitty Hawk on December 17, 1903. In the first half of the 20th century, many African Americans left the state to go North for better opportunities, in the Great Migration. Their departure changed the demographic characteristics of many areas."}
{"id": "doc590536", "text": "College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North Carolina. College basketball in particular is very popular, buoyed by the Tobacco Road rivalries between Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, and Wake Forest. The ACC Championship Game and the Belk Bowl are held annually in Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium, featuring teams from the ACC and the Southeastern Conference. Additionally, the state has hosted the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four on two occasions, in Greensboro in 1974 and in Charlotte in 1994."}
{"id": "doc591048", "text": "Strong adherents of structured programming make sure each function has a single entry and a single exit (SESE). It has thus been argued[6] that one should eschew the use of the explicit return statement except at the textual end of a subroutine, considering that, when it is used to \"return early\", it may suffer from the same sort of problems that arise for the GOTO statement. Conversely, it can be argued that using the return statement is worthwhile when the alternative is more convoluted code, such as deeper nesting, harming readability."}
{"id": "doc591223", "text": "In the earliest years of the church, the clergy were largely married men. C K Barrett points to 1 Cor 9:5 as clearly indicating that \"apostles, like other Christians, have a right to be (and many of them are) married\" and the right for their wife to be \"maintained by the communities in which they [the apostles] are working.\"[3] However, Paul himself was celibate,[4][5] and there is no consensus that inclusion among the requirements for candidacy to the office of \"overseer\" of being \"the husband of one wife\"[6] meant that celibate Christians were excluded.[7]"}
{"id": "doc591224", "text": "Studies by some Catholic scholars, such as the Ukrainian Roman Cholij[8] and Christian Cochini,[9] have argued for the theory that, in early Christian practice, married men who became priests\u2014they were often older men, \"elders\"\u2014were expected to live in complete continence, refraining permanently from sexual relations with their wives.[10][11] When at a later stage it was clear that not all did refrain, the Western Church limited ordination to unmarried men and required a commitment to lifelong celibacy, while the Eastern Churches relaxed the rule, so that Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches now require their married clergy to abstain from sexual relations only for a limited period before celebrating the Eucharist. The Church in Persia, which in the fifth century became separated from the Church described as Orthodox or Catholic, decided at the end of that century to abolish the rule of continence and allow priests to marry, but recognized that it was abrogating an ancient tradition. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, whose separation, along with the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, came slightly later, allows deacons (who are ordained when they are boys) to marry after ordination, but not priests: any future priests who wish to marry must do so before becoming priests. The Armenian Apostolic Church, which also belongs to Oriental Orthodoxy, while technically prohibiting, like the Eastern Orthodox Church, marriage after ordination to the sub-diaconate, has generally let this rule fall into disuse and allows deacons to marry up to the point of their priestly ordination, thus continuing to maintain the traditional exclusion of marriage by those who are priests.[12] This theory would explain why all the ancient Christian Churches of both East and West, with the one exception mentioned, exclude marriage after priestly ordination, and why all reserve the episcopate (seen as a fuller form of priesthood than the presbyterate) for the celibate."}
{"id": "doc591463", "text": "The other three Beatles were less enthusiastic about McCartney's proposals. They had just completed five months' work on their previous album and were sceptical about the prospects of returning to live performance.[citation needed] George Harrison in particular was opposed to the idea of touring, having taken the strongest dislike of any in the group to the gruelling tours of the Beatlemania era.[4] However, he had recently enjoyed a series of jam sessions with Bob Dylan and the Band in America, rediscovering his liking for straightforward ensemble playing, and was attracted to the idea of the \"back to basics\" approach.[citation needed] The same approach greatly appealed to John Lennon, who had grown increasingly weary of what he regarded as the excessive technical artifice used on their recordings since Revolver and had also made a recent return to no-frills ensemble playing with an appearance on The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus.[citation needed] In addition, all the group members had greatly enjoyed the recording of Lennon's The Beatles track \"Happiness is a Warm Gun\", which, due to its multiple sections and time signature changes, had required the Beatles to focus sharply and revive their ensemble playing skills to lay down a coherent basic rhythm track. In the end, the group agreed to convene for rehearsals immediately following 1 January 1969, even though no firm direction for the new project had been agreed on.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc593061", "text": "Ziegler voiced the character Camille in the animated film, Ballerina (2016), released in the US in 2017 as Leap!,[50] and played Christina in the feature film The Book of Henry (2017).[51] Ziegler expects to do more acting. She told Hunger magazine in 2016: \"I don\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t want to always be seen as a reality TV person. I want people to see that there's more that I can do. ... [T]his year acting is going to be my focus.\"[18] Colin Trevorrow, the director of The Book of Henry, told Entertainment Weekly that Ziegler \"is extraordinarily capable. ... She finds whatever emotion she needs to dial in very quickly. No one taught her how to do that she just knows.\"[52] A reviewer for Santa Monica Daily Press wrote that, in The Book of Henry, \"Ziegler ... does a wonderful job with a character forced to hide her pain\".[53][54]"}
{"id": "doc593715", "text": "In the series finale, Ellie moves with Devon, their daughter and Mary to Chicago."}
{"id": "doc594231", "text": "Gen. Braxton Bragg also effectively used the Southern railway system to amass forces in central Tennessee against the Union forces of Gen. Don Carlos Buell in July, 1862. The rail system was used to move some 35,000 men down the length of the state of Mississippi, then across Mobile Bay to Mobile, Alabama and then up the length of the state of Alabama arriving finally at Dalton, Georgia. This was a total distance of about 766 miles and involved \"more than half a dozen\" railroads. This circuitous route had to be used because the Union Army controlled a key railroad which would have offered a more direct route.[35] According to Jean Edward Smith, \"Bragg had moved men farther and faster than troops had ever been moved before. He had united two Confederate armies, his own and Smith's [Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith] and stood poised to change the direction of the war.\"[36]"}
{"id": "doc594485", "text": "Following the studio's success of live-action adaptations of Disney cartoon films including Maleficent, Cinderella, The Jungle Book and Beauty and the Beast, Disney announced a similar movie that is in development: a live action Peter Pan movie with David Lowery directing and co-writing with Toby Halbrooks.[50]"}
{"id": "doc594518", "text": "Washington, D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of The Federalist Papers, James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the \"seat of government\" found in the United States Constitution. Although he noted potential conflicts of interest, and the need for a \"municipal legislature for local purposes\",[59] Madison did not address the district's role in national voting. Legal scholars disagree on whether a simple act of Congress can admit the District as a state, due to its status as the seat of government of the United States, which Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution requires to be under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; depending on the interpretation of this text, admission of the full District as a state may require a Constitutional amendment, which is much more difficult to enact.[60] However, the Constitution does not set a minimum size for the District. Its size has already changed once before, when Virginia reclaimed the portion of the District south of the Potomac. So the constitutional requirement for a federal district can be satisfied by reducing its size to the small central core of government buildings and monuments.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc594646", "text": "Calder wished the statue to face south so that its face would be lit by the sun most of the day, the better to reveal the details of his work. The statue actually faces northeast, towards Penn Treaty Park in the Fishtown section of the city, which commemorates the site where William Penn signed a treaty with the local Native Americans tribe.[15] Beyond Penn Treaty Park is Pennsbury Manor, Penn's country home in Bucks County. Yet another version for why the statue pointed generally north instead of south is that it was the current architect's method of showing displeasure with the style of the work. By 1894, the statue's design was not in the current, popular Beaux-Arts style and was considered out-of-date even before it was placed on top of the building.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc594776", "text": "The song is an appeal for peace and brotherhood, presenting the polarity of love versus fear, and the choice to be made between them. It is best remembered for the impassioned plea in the lines of its refrain, which is repeated several times in succession to bring the song to its conclusion."}
{"id": "doc594929", "text": "In Canada, the show aired on CTS Ontario from September 2010 until September 2, 2011."}
{"id": "doc595818", "text": "Vision is generated by light that hits the retina of the eye. Photoreceptors in the retina transduce the sensory stimulus of light into an electrical nerve signal that is sent to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. Vision from the left visual field is received on the right side of each retina (and vice versa) and passes through the optic nerve until some information changes sides, so that all information about one side of the visual field passes through tracts in the opposite side of the brain. The nerves reach the brain at the lateral geniculate nucleus, and travel through the optic radiation to reach the visual cortex.[79]"}
{"id": "doc596014", "text": "The transcontinental railroad provided fast, safe, and cheap aftravel. The fare for a one-week trip from Omaha to San Francisco on an emigrant sleeping car was about $65 for an adult. It replaced most of the far slower and more hazardous stagecoach lines and wagon trains. The number of emigrants taking the Oregon and California Trails declined dramatically. The sale of the railroad land grant lands and the transport provided for timber and crops led to the rapid settling of the \"Great American Desert\".[4]"}
{"id": "doc596016", "text": "The Central Pacific Railroad faced a labor shortage in the more sparsely settled West. It recruited Cantonese laborers in China, who did prodigious work building the line over and through the Sierra Nevada mountains and then across Nevada to their meeting in northern Utah."}
{"id": "doc596021", "text": "Subsequently, two other transcontinental lines were built in Canada: the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) opened another line to the Pacific in 1912, and the combined Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTPR)/National Transcontinental Railway (NTR) system opened in 1917 following the completion of the Quebec Bridge, although its line to the Pacific opened in 1914. The CNoR, GTPR, and NTR were nationalized to form the Canadian National Railway, which currently is now Canada's largest transcontinental railway, with lines running all the way from the Pacific Coast to the Atlantic Coast."}
{"id": "doc596855", "text": "The film was released on September 29, 2017, by Netflix.[5]"}
{"id": "doc596861", "text": "A central concept in science and the scientific method is that it must be empirically based on the evidence of the senses. Both natural and social sciences use working hypotheses that are testable by observation and experiment. The term semi-empirical is sometimes used to describe theoretical methods that make use of basic axioms, established scientific laws, and previous experimental results in order to engage in reasoned model building and theoretical inquiry."}
{"id": "doc596882", "text": "Hume concluded that such things as belief in an external world and belief in the existence of the self were not rationally justifiable. According to Hume these beliefs were to be accepted nonetheless because of their profound basis in instinct and custom. Hume's lasting legacy, however, was the doubt that his skeptical arguments cast on the legitimacy of inductive reasoning, allowing many skeptics who followed to cast similar doubt."}
{"id": "doc596891", "text": "Charles Peirce (1839\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[35] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rationalism, most importantly the idea that rational concepts can be meaningful and the idea that rational concepts necessarily go beyond the data given by empirical observation. In later years he even emphasized the concept-driven side of the then ongoing debate between strict empiricism and strict rationalism, in part to counterbalance the excesses to which some of his cohorts had taken pragmatism under the \"data-driven\" strict-empiricist view."}
{"id": "doc597569", "text": "Inhaled nitric oxide is contraindicated in the treatment of neonates known to be dependent on right-to-left shunting of blood. This is as the nitric oxide decreases the pulmonary circulation's resistance by dilating pulmonary blood vessels. The increased pulmonary return increases pressure in the left atrium, causing closure of the foramen ovale and reducing the blood flow through the ductus arteriosus. Closing these shunts can kill neonates with heart malformations that rely on the right-to-left shunting of blood."}
{"id": "doc597575", "text": "Inhaled nitric oxide appears to increase the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) by dilating pulmonary vessels in better-ventilated areas of the lung, moving pulmonary blood flow away from lung segments with low ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratios toward segments with normal or better ratios.[69]"}
{"id": "doc597628", "text": "The amendment as proposed by Congress in 1789 reads as follows:"}
{"id": "doc597637", "text": "This was an intermediate form of the Ninth Amendment that borrowed language from the Virginia proposal, while foreshadowing the final version."}
{"id": "doc597781", "text": "The film is both an homage to, and a self-parody of, Disney's animated features, making numerous references to Disney's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking, traditional animation, and computer-generated imagery. It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004. Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz, who had written songs for previous Disney films, produced the songs of Enchanted, with Menken also composing its score."}
{"id": "doc598055", "text": "First aired January 13, 2004"}
{"id": "doc599368", "text": "Construction began in 1870 and the main line opened all the way from the Great Lakes to the Pacific when former President Ulysses S. Grant drove in the final \"golden spike\" in western Montana on September 8, 1883. The railroad had about 6,800 miles (10,900\u00c2\u00a0km) of track and served a large area, including extensive trackage in the states of Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. In addition, the NP had an international branch to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The main activities were shipping wheat and other farm products, cattle, timber, and minerals; bringing in consumer goods, transporting passengers; and selling land."}
{"id": "doc599371", "text": "Congress granted the railroad a potential 60 million acres (243,000\u00c2\u00a0km2) of land in exchange for building rail transportation to an undeveloped territory. Josiah Perham was elected its first president on December 7, 1864.[1] It could not use all the land and in the end took just under 40 million acres.[2]"}
{"id": "doc599386", "text": "On May 24, 1879, Vermont lawyer Frederick Billings became the president of the company. Billings' tenure would be short but ferocious. Reorganization, bond sales, and improvement in the U.S. economy allowed Northern Pacific to strike out across the Missouri River by letting a contract to build 100 miles (160\u00c2\u00a0km) of railroad west of the river. The railroad's new-found strength, however, would be seen as a threat in certain quarters."}
{"id": "doc599387", "text": "German-born journalist Henry Villard had raised capital for western railroads in Europe in 1871-73. After returning to New York in 1874 he invested on behalf of his clients in railroads in Oregon. Through Villard's work, most of these lines became properties of the European creditors' holding company, the Oregon and Transcontinental Company."}
{"id": "doc599398", "text": "Throughout the mid-1880s, the Northern Pacific pushed to reach Puget Sound directly, rather than by means of a roundabout route that followed the Columbia River. Surveys of the Cascade Mountains, carried out intermittently since the 1870s, began anew. Virgil Bogue, a veteran civil engineer, was sent to explore the Cascades again. On March 19, 1881, he discovered Stampede Pass. In 1883, John W. Sprague, the head of the new Pacific Division, drove the Golden Spike to mark the beginning of the railroad from what would become Kalama, Washington. However, due to impaired health, he was forced to resign a few months later."}
{"id": "doc600028", "text": "I have seen concrete expression of the denial of the dignity of a human being emanating from the conscious, systemic and systematic oppressive and repressive activities of other human beings."}
{"id": "doc600661", "text": "(c) A person appointed as United States attorney under this section may serve until the qualification of a United States Attorney for such district appointed by the President under section 541 of this title."}
{"id": "doc600774", "text": "The movie was filmed on location in and around Queensland, Australia. Production was started on February 12, 2001 at the Warner Bros. Movie World theme park,[6][11] and wrapped in June 2001. The film was originally set to have a much darker tone, essentially poking fun at the original series, much like The Brady Bunch Movie, and was set for a PG-13 rating. Shaggy was set to be a stoner, and there were many marijuana references.[12]"}
{"id": "doc601133", "text": "For purposes of the UCC, a defendant who admits the existence of the contract in his pleadings, under oath in a deposition or affidavit, or at trial, may not use the statute of frauds as a defense. However, a statute of frauds defense may still be available under a state's the general statute."}
{"id": "doc601744", "text": "Germany had far greater resources than did the USSR, and dwarfed its production in every matrix except for oil, having over five times the USSR's coal production, over three times its iron production, three times its steel production, twice its electricity production, and about 2/3 of its oil production.[116] However, it did not equal the Soviets in the quantity of military production for various reasons (in 1943, the Soviet Union manufactured 24,089 tanks to Germany's 19,800). The Soviets incrementally upgraded existing designs, and simplified and refined manufacturing processes to increase production, and were helped by a mass infusion of harder to produce goods such as aviation fuel, machine tools, trucks, and high-explosives from Lend-Lease, allowing them to concentrate on a few key industries. Meanwhile, Germany had been cut off from foreign trade for years by the time it invaded the USSR, was in the middle of two extended and costly theaters at air and sea that further limited production (Battle of the Atlantic and Defence of the Reich), and was forced to devote a large segment of its expenditures to goods the Soviets could cut back on (such as trucks) or which would never even be used against the Soviets (such as ships). Naval vessels alone constituted 10-15% of Germany's war expenditures from 1940 to 1944 depending on the year, while armored vehicles by comparison were only 5-8%.[117]"}
{"id": "doc602150", "text": "The series is set 97 years after a devastating nuclear apocalypse wiped out almost all life on Earth. Over 2,400 survivors live on a single massive station in Earth's orbit called \"The Ark\". After the Ark's life-support systems are found to be failing, 100 juvenile prisoners are sent to the surface in a last attempt to determine whether Earth is habitable. They discover not all humanity was destroyed and some survived the apocalypse: the Grounders, who live in clans locked in a power struggle; the Reapers, another group of Grounders who have become cannibals; and Mountain Men, who live in Mount Weather and locked themselves away before the apocalypse. Under the leadership of Bellamy and Clarke, the 100 attempt to survive the harsh surface conditions, battle hostile Grounders, and establish communication with the Ark."}
{"id": "doc602154", "text": "The 100 premiered on March 19, 2014.[8] On May 8, 2014, The CW renewed The 100 for a second season, which premiered on October 22, 2014.[9][10] On January 11, 2015, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on January 21, 2016.[11][12] On March 12, 2016, The 100 was renewed for a fourth season of 13 episodes, which premiered on February 1, 2017.[13][14][15] On March 10, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on April 24, 2018.[16][17] On May 8, 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season.[1]"}
{"id": "doc602724", "text": "The following is a list of characters that have appeared on the television series. Although some are named for, or based upon characters from Kass Morgan's The 100 series, there are others created solely for the television series."}
{"id": "doc602735", "text": "In the third season, he aligns himself with the new Chancellor after a grounder clan bombed Mount Weather, killing 49 people, including his girlfriend. In the process he betrays Marcus Kane and put the whole of The Ark at risk of death. The bombing was made possible because Bellamy trusted Echo, the grounder he saved in the previous season in Mount Weather, and listened to the false information she delivered. He helps to put in prison his sister's boyfriend Lincoln, which leads to Lincoln's execution. After Pike's election, Bellamy is one of the nine guards (along with Pike himself) that carry out the chancellor's orders to kill the 299 grounder warriors sent by Lexa."}
{"id": "doc602736", "text": "Portrayed by Kelly Hu, Callie \"Cece\" Cartwig (season 1)[5] is the best friend of Abigail Griffin as well as the Ark's communications officer. Callie is first seen talking to the people on The Ark about the 100 going down to Earth. She said that she can't confirm or deny anything at the moment. When Callie comes to know that Abigail Griffin is going to be executed she goes up to Marcus Kane to tell him that he is out of his mind and he can't kill everyone who disagrees with him. Callie says that Abigail is her friend leaving Kane to reply that he can't do anything to stop it. Kane and Callie share a close moment. She tries to implore him to give Abby amnesty, asking him to think of their own relationship. He answers by saying that no matter what he feels, he can't. When its time, Callie breaks into tears walking with Abigail to the place where she will be executed, embracing her and refusing to let go even at the behest of the guards. Abby asks that Callie watch out for her daughter before she dies. When the door is about to close Chancellor Thelonious Jaha demands the execution be stopped immediately. Callie is thrilled for Abigail, able to hold her friend again. Jason Rothenberg revealed that Hu was dropped after the first episode due to budget reasons.[12]"}
{"id": "doc602739", "text": "Portrayed by Isaiah Washington, Thelonious Jaha, commonly referred to as \"Jaha\"[5] is Wells' father and the former Chancellor of the Ark. Jaha, along with Marcus, were best friends with Jake Griffin and his family. However, his and Marcus' friendship with the Griffins deteriorates after Jake's death and Clarke's subsequent arrest but he manages to maintain his friendship with Abby. He loses his power while on Earth as he clashes with Abby and Marcus over their views on the grounders in addition to the unconfirmed destination, the \"city of light\". Along with Murphy, he leads a small group of his followers from Camp Jaha to find the city. Having discovered A.L.I.E., the A.I. that controls the city of light, Jaha has become the delegated leader of A.L.I.E.'s cult, manipulating others into joining to escape the pain of daily life. Jaha is unconcerned about the side-effects even when presented with clear evidence that the city of light erases even good memories to spare the users from psychological pain, such as Jaha having lost all memory of his son, he is soon freed from A.L.I.E.'s control after her defeat. He becomes guilt ridden after he sees all the casualties in Polis due to him feeding everyone a chip. In season 4 he assists Clarke in being a leader for her people such as suggesting they find shelter in a lost bunker, only to discover it couldn't hold out radiation. Jaha tells everyone that if they want to survive the second nuclear explosion they must earn a lottery pick to ensure they will be on that list. He eventually comes to the realization the bunker was a decoy and the real one is in Polis, the grounder capital, so he decides to recruit Gaia on what she knows about the symbol on the token and eventually learns it's a key to open the bunker. He eventually finds it and successfully opens it."}
{"id": "doc602837", "text": "The ascending aorta begins at the opening of the aortic valve in the left ventricle of the heart. It runs through a common pericardial sheath with the pulmonary trunk. These two blood vessels twist around each other, causing the aorta to start out posterior to the pulmonary trunk, but end by twisting to its right and anterior side.[7]:191,204\nThe transition from ascending aorta to aortic arch is at the pericardial reflection on the aorta.[8]:Plate 211"}
{"id": "doc602853", "text": "Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is highest in the aorta and the MAP decreases across the circulation from aorta to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to veins back to atrium. The difference between aortic and right atrial pressure accounts for blood flow in the circulation.[16] When the left ventricle contracts to force blood into the aorta, the aorta expands. This stretching gives the potential energy that will help maintain blood pressure during diastole, as during this time the aorta contracts passively. This Windkessel effect of the great elastic arteries has important biomechanical implications. The elastic recoil helps conserve the energy from the pumping heart and smooth out the pulsatile nature created by the heart. Aortic pressure is highest at the aorta and becomes less pulsatile and lower pressure as blood vessels divide into arteries, arterioles, and capillaries such that flow is slow and smooth for gases and nutrient exchange."}
{"id": "doc602854", "text": "All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills.\nAmphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches.[19]"}
{"id": "doc604235", "text": "The fourth season of the American legal drama series How to Get Away with Murder was ordered on February 10, 2017, by ABC.[1] It began airing on September 28, 2017, with expected 15 episodes like the previous seasons.[2] This was made in a deal with Viola Davis that the series would be a limited series with only 15 or 16 episodes per season.[3][4]"}
{"id": "doc604482", "text": "Among early Christians there was considerable debate over the nature of the Godhead, with some denying the incarnation but not the deity of Jesus (Docetism) and others later calling for an Arian conception of God. Despite at least one earlier local synod rejecting the claim of Arius, this Christological issue was to be one of the items addressed at the First Council of Nicaea."}
{"id": "doc604484", "text": "One purpose of the council was to resolve disagreements in Alexandria over the nature of Jesus in relationship to the Father; in particular, whether Jesus was of the same substance as God the Father or merely of similar substance. All but two bishops took the first position; while Arius' argument failed."}
{"id": "doc605467", "text": "In some Christian folklore, each person has a dedicated guardian angel whose task is to follow the person and try to prevent them from coming to harm, both physical and moral. At the same time each person is assailed by devils, not usually considered as single and dedicated to a single person in the same way as the guardian angel, who try to tempt the person into sin. Both angels and devils are often regarded as having the ability to access the person's thoughts, and introduce ideas."}
{"id": "doc605471", "text": "One may view this image in Freudian terms, with the Angel representing the Super-ego (the source of self-censorship), counterbalanced by the Devil representing the Id (the primal, instinctive desires of the individual)."}
{"id": "doc605887", "text": "Eva Bella and Spencer Lacey Ganus were cast to portray Elsa as a young child and as a teenager, respectively.[12][13] Actress and singer Megan Mullally was originally cast to voice an adult Elsa.[14] but was replaced by Idina Menzel, a Broadway actress and singer best known for performing as Elphaba in Wicked.[2] Menzel already knew Kristen Bell,[15] who voiced Anna, and had previously auditioned for a lead role in the 2010 Disney film Tangled.[16] She was not cast for the part, but the casting director recorded her singing and later showed the recording to Frozen's film executives.[16] Menzel was surprised when she was subsequently asked to audition,[16] and she received the role after reading the script out loud.[15] In interviews, she acknowledged similarities between Elsa, her then-current role, and Elphaba, her previous role.[17] Namely, she said, they were both very powerful and very misunderstood individuals.[18] She further said that she related to the characters, having hidden her singing talent from her peers at school. \"I didn't want to alienate anyone,\" she explained. \"If everyone was singing along in the car to a Madonna song, I didn't join in because when we're younger we're afraid of sticking out or showing off, when in fact we should own those things that make us really unique.\"[2]"}
{"id": "doc605906", "text": "Anna, determined to find Elsa and bring her back, travels through the mountains, encountering Olaf and a mountain man named Kristoff. They reach the ice palace, where Anna attempts to persuade Elsa to return home and mend their relationship. When Elsa ultimately resists (due to her memory of hurting Anna as a child with her powers resurfacing) Anna tells her about the state that Arendelle and all its people was left in. Horrified, Elsa lashes out and accidentally freezes Anna's heart. Now even more horrified at the prospect of hurting her sister and people with her powers, Elsa forces Anna, Kristoff and Olaf out by creating a gigantic snow creature (called Marshmallow by Olaf), that is a symbol of her desire to be alone so as to be able to use her powers without hurting anyone. After this, her ice castle evidently becomes darker and more grotesque, reflecting her torment and re-ignited fears. Meanwhile, Anna becomes weaker day by day and Kristoff takes her back to the trolls, who tell them that only an \"act of true love\" can save her life."}
{"id": "doc606253", "text": "The Judicial branch includes the Supreme Court and lower federal courts interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.[151] The Judicial is independent of the Executive and the Legislative. The Supreme Court has seven members appointed by the President\u2014subject to Senate approval\u2014who serve for life. The lower courts' judges are proposed by the Council of Magistrates (a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, researchers, the Executive and the Legislative), and appointed by the President on Senate approval.[152]"}
{"id": "doc607623", "text": "Proposition Joe hosts a meeting with the heads of the New Day Co-Op consortium of drug dealers. He is in an awkward position, having had an entire shipment of narcotics stolen by Omar. He tries to convince his colleagues that they should pay for a replacement shipment while they work on recovering the stolen drugs. The rest of the Co-Op members are dubious and tell Joe that as the drugs were in the possession of his people when they were stolen, he will have to make up for the loss. Joe threatens to cut them off from his supplier in the future if they insist on this course and this quiets their protests. Marlo Stanfield quizzes Joe about which of his people was there when the shipment was taken. Joe admits that it was his nephew Cheese but tells Marlo that he will protect Cheese from any retribution. He offers to put Marlo in touch with his connection so he can reassure him that Cheese did not steal the drugs for himself."}
{"id": "doc607926", "text": "The origin of the right subclavian from the innominate takes place, in some cases, above the sternoclavicular articulation, and occasionally, but less frequently, below that joint. The artery may arise as a separate trunk from the arch of the aorta, and in such cases it may be either the first, second, third, or even the last branch derived from that vessel; in the majority, however, it is the first or last, rarely the second or third. When it is the first branch, it occupies the ordinary position of the innominate artery; when the second or third, it gains its usual position by passing behind the right carotid; and when the last branch, it arises from the left extremity of the arch, and passes obliquely toward the right side, usually behind the trachea, esophagus, and right carotid, sometimes between the esophagus and trachea, to the upper border of the first rib, whence it follows its ordinary course. In very rare instances, this vessel arises from the thoracic aorta, as low down as the fourth thoracic vertebra. Occasionally, it perforates the Scalenus anterior; more rarely it passes in front of that muscle. Sometimes the subclavian vein passes with the artery behind the Scalenus anterior. The artery may ascend as high as 4\u00c2\u00a0cm. above the clavicle, or any intermediate point between this and the upper border of the bone, the right subclavian usually ascending higher than the left."}
{"id": "doc608137", "text": "It has been shown that many mRNAs in S. aureus carry three prime untranslated regions (3'UTR) longer than 100 nucleotides, which may potentially have a regulatory function.[54]"}
{"id": "doc608249", "text": "Mexico City's Z\u00f3calo, the Plaza de la Constituci\u00f3n, is located at the site of Tenochtitlan's original central plaza and market, and many of the original calzadas still correspond to modern city streets. The Aztec calendar stone was located in the ruins. This stone is 4 meters (13\u00a0ft 1\u00a0in) in diameter and weighs over 20 short tons (17.9 long tons; 18.1 metric tons). It was once located half-way up the great pyramid. This sculpture was carved around 1470 under the rule of King Axayacatl, the predecessor of Tizoc, and is said to tell the history of the Mexicas and to prophesy the future.[38]"}
{"id": "doc609671", "text": "The film is set and filmed in the Chicago area. The lake house itself was built on what is called Maple Lake,[2] located within the Maple Lake Forest Preserve off of 95th Street in the southwest suburbs of Chicago. After filming the house was removed and a simple fishing dock was put in its place. The downtown scenes are in The Loop. The scenes where Kate and Morgan go to Henry's office, and Kate's dramatic exit down the stairs, were filmed at the Chicago Architecture Foundation. The scene where Henry and Alex talk on the street after being in their father's office was filmed on the 400 block of South Michigan Ave, in front of the Fine Arts Building and the Auditorium Theater. Other filming locations include Aurora, Illinois (now the Madison Park community) and Riverside, Illinois, a small town on the outskirts of Chicago that is known for its historic houses, and several Frank Lloyd Wright buildings. The railway station in the movie is the real station of Riverside, and the bridge that Alex crosses while chasing Jack is called the \"Swinging Bridge\"; it crosses the Des Plaines River. The scene where Kate gets stood-up is in Millennium Park at the Park Grill."}
{"id": "doc609767", "text": "PNC Center, Cleveland, Ohio"}
{"id": "doc610143", "text": "Despite her initial denial, Pluto showed a gentle side never seem before which he retrieved her lost flower colar.\nLater, Ham Egg (Grudon in the dub) attacked with his robots in order to promote himself, so Pluto destroyed all of his robot units and as well his airships. However, a debris from one of them was about to crush Uran and Pluto saved her.\nDespite this, Atom arrived believing Pluto to be threatening Uran. However, North#2 was still active and attempted to shoot, seeing this, Pluto launched an attack to destroy North#2 for good and Atom misunderstood his attempt to save Uran as an attack.\nAfter that, Pluto didn't make an attempt to explain himself and engaged in battle with Atom, to the point that both were about to unleasf their powers in a violent blast. With this, Uran jumped amidst the two blasts and got damaged. Atom quickly ran to her, forgetting Pluto could attack anytime. However, Pluto stopped his attack and fled the scene remembering that he owed Atom one for repairing him back then.\nUran believes Pluto to be kind, though he may still keep following his creator's orders."}
{"id": "doc610779", "text": "A large part of Oak Island was granted to the Monro, Lynch, Seacombe and Young families around the same time as the establishment of Chester. The first major group of settlers arrived in the Chester area from Massachusetts in 1761. The following year, Oak Island was officially surveyed and divided into 32 four-acre lots."}
{"id": "doc611282", "text": "Oak Island is a seaside town located mostly on the barrier island of Oak Island (which also contains the town of Caswell Beach), in Brunswick County, North Carolina, United States. The town extends onto the mainland north of the island's bridge. The population was 6,783 at the 2010 census.[5] It was founded in 1999 by the consolidation of the towns of Long Beach and Yaupon Beach. Its main industry is tourism; the town has an average summer population of 30-50,000."}
{"id": "doc611283", "text": "Oak Island is part of the Myrtle Beach metropolitan area.[6]"}
{"id": "doc611287", "text": "Oak Island is located in southeastern Brunswick County at 33\u00b054\u203259\u2033N 78\u00b07\u203250\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff33.91639\u00b0N 78.13056\u00b0W\ufeff / 33.91639; -78.13056 (33.916262, -78.130468).[11] It is bordered to the south by the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by Caswell Beach, to the north in part by the town of St. James, and to the west by the town of Holden Beach across Lockwood Folly Inlet. A significant addition to the town's area has been made since the 2000 census on the North Carolina mainland, west of St. James and extending north to border the city of Boiling Spring Lakes and Southport North Carolina."}
{"id": "doc611358", "text": "Locations north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle experience no sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours."}
{"id": "doc612451", "text": "The new railroad link enabled another important industry to come to Tampa. In 1885, the Tampa Board of Trade enticed Vicente Martinez Ybor to move his cigar manufacturing operations to Tampa from Key West. Proximity to Cuba made importation of \"clear Havana tobacco\" easy by sea, and Plant's railroad made shipment of finished cigars to the rest of the US market easy by land.[43]"}
{"id": "doc613408", "text": "Its origin is cited in the mountains of Santander, but also had lineage in Vizcaya, La Rioja and Navarra. What does appear clear is the enormous difficulty for joint research to those patronymic surname (habitation surname) derived from large families that carry no kinship links between them. In the mountains of Santander there are two houses of this lineage, \"Nestares\" place in 1545 and the \"de Rozas\", in 1590. Both duly proved their nobility."}
{"id": "doc613870", "text": "As part of the Compromise of 1850, Congress abolished the domestic slave trade (though not the legality of slavery) in the District of Columbia. After 1854, Republicans argued that the Slave Power, especially the pro-slavery Democratic Party, controlled two of the three branches of the Federal government."}
{"id": "doc613963", "text": "Arsenal qualified for the group stages of the Champions League in the 2005\u201306 season, finishing first in a group containing Ajax, Sparta Prague and Thun. The club faced Real Madrid in the last 16; a solo goal by Henry at the Estadio Santiago Bernab\u00e9u in the first leg inflicted the home team's first defeat in 18 Champions League matches.[78] Arsenal produced a disciplined display at home a fortnight after to reach the quarter-finals and become the sole English representative left in the competition.[79] At home to Juventus, Arsenal won 2\u20130, and a goalless draw at the Stadio delle Alpi meant the club progressed into the semi-finals against Villarreal.[80] In the club's final European match at Higbhury, Kolo Tour\u00e9 scored a first-half winner to give Arsenal a 1\u20130 win.[81] A late penalty save by goalkeeper Jens Lehmann in the second leg sent Arsenal into the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, staged at the Stade de France, Paris.[82] The result, another goalless draw, was Arsenal's tenth clean sheet in a row \u2013 a new competition record.[83] Defender Sol Campbell, returning from injury praised the team performance in his post-match interview: \"It's brilliant for us. It's also great for the manager Ars\u00e8ne Wenger to get to the final in France \u2013 I'm sure he will get a great reception.\"[84]"}
{"id": "doc614304", "text": "The doctrine of spontaneous generation was coherently synthesized by Aristotle,[2] who compiled and expanded the work of prior natural philosophers and the various ancient explanations of the appearance of organisms; it held sway for two millennia. Today it is generally accepted to have been decisively dispelled during the 19th century by the experiments of Louis Pasteur. He expanded upon the investigations of predecessors (such as Francesco Redi who, in the 17th century, had performed experiments based on the same principles). However, some experimental difficulties were still there and objections from persons holding the traditional views persisted. Many of these residual objections were dealt with by the work of John Tyndall, succeeding the work of Pasteur.[3]"}
{"id": "doc614721", "text": "In the first film, Toy Story (1995), he is shown to be very moody towards Andy's other toys, although he's good friends with Hamm the piggy bank (John Ratzenberger). When Woody (Tom Hanks) accidentally pushes Buzz Lightyear (Tim Allen) out of window, Potato Head accuses Woody of doing it on purpose. When it is later revealed that Buzz is okay, Potato Head feels guilty about what he's done. At the end of the movie, he is overjoyed to hear Molly getting a Mrs. Potato Head on Christmas."}
{"id": "doc614722", "text": "In the second film, Toy Story 2 (1999), he goes with Buzz, Rex (Wallace Shawn), Slinky Dog (Jim Varney) and Hamm to rescue Woody after he is stolen by Al McWhiggin (Wayne Knight). After he saves three Pizza Planet Aliens (Jeff Pidgeon) from falling out of a Pizza Planet truck, his wife, Mrs. Potato Head (Estelle Harris) adopts them, making her husband upset."}
{"id": "doc614724", "text": "He will return in the fourth film Toy Story 4 (2019), where he, Buzz, and the others will help Woody find Bo Peep (Annie Potts). He will be voiced by a new actor in Toy Story 4 because of Rickles's death in 2017.[16]"}
{"id": "doc617309", "text": "The live performances of the song were featured on the Live at Wembley July 16, 1988, Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour, and Michael Jackson: Live at Wembley July 16, 1988 DVDs. Live audio is available in the Live at Wembley July 16, 1988 CD, included as a bonus on Bad 25, and the 1981 live album, The Jacksons Live!"}
{"id": "doc619532", "text": "The main tactic of the German land forces was combined arms combat. German operational tactics relied on highly mobile offensive units, with balanced numbers of well-trained artillery, infantry, engineer and tank formations, all integrated into Panzer divisions. They relied on excellent communication systems, which enabled them to break into a position and exploit it before the enemy could react. Panzer divisions could carry out reconnaissance missions, advance to contact, defend and attack vital positions or weak spots. This ground would then be held by infantry and artillery as pivot points for further attacks. Although their tanks were not designed for tank-versus-tank combat[dubious \u00e2\u20ac\u201c discuss][citation needed], they could take ground and draw the enemy armour on to the division's anti-tank lines. This conserved the tanks to achieve the next stage of the offensive. The units' logistics were self-contained, allowing for three or four days of combat. The Panzer divisions would be supported by motorised and infantry divisions.[65] German tank battalions (Panzer-Abteilungen) were, in theory, mainly equipped with the Panzerkampfwagen III and Panzerkampfwagen IV tanks. However, due to a shortage of these types, the positions were actually in majority filled with the light Panzerkampfwagen II and even lighter Panzerkampfwagen I."}
{"id": "doc620567", "text": "A careful analysis shows that through the way they are used and corrected in the Gregorian calendar, the epacts are actually fractions of a lunation (\u200b1\u204430, also known as a tithi) and not full days. See epact for a discussion."}
{"id": "doc620571", "text": "The ratios of (mean solar) days per year and days per lunation change both because of intrinsic long-term variations in the orbits, and because the rotation of the Earth is slowing down due to Tidal deceleration, so the Gregorian parameters become increasingly obsolete."}
{"id": "doc620573", "text": "Also the drift in ecclesiastical full moons calculated by the Gregorian method compared to the true full moons is affected less than one would expect, because the increase in the length of the day is almost exactly compensated for by the increase in the length of the month, as tidal braking transfers angular momentum of the rotation of the Earth to orbital angular momentum of the Moon."}
{"id": "doc620637", "text": "Both clubs had lost their most recent Champions League final, Bayern in 2010 to Internazionale 2\u20130, Chelsea in 2008 to Manchester United on penalties after a 1\u20131 draw. While that was Chelsea's only Champions League final, Bayern had previously played in eight Champions League/European Cup finals, winning four (1974, 1975, 1976, 2001) and losing four (1982, 1987, 1999 and 2010). The clubs had only met each other once in Europe before, with Chelsea winning 6\u20135 on aggregate in the quarter-finals of the 2004\u201305 UEFA Champions League.[14]"}
{"id": "doc621002", "text": "Local variables cannot shadow variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++."}
{"id": "doc621928", "text": "After a preview at the San Diego Comic-Con, a musical episode of Batman: The Brave and the Bold featuring Harris as the villainous Music Meister premiered on October 23, 2009, on Cartoon Network. As a character who could make anyone do his bidding by singing, he spent most of the episode singing several original songs.[33]"}
{"id": "doc623682", "text": "The U.S. Constitution does not explicitly address how many votes are required for passage of a bill or confirmation of a nominee. Regarding nominations, Article II, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution says the president \"shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges....\"[49] The Constitution includes several explicit supermajority rules, including requiring a two-thirds majority in the Senate for impeachment, confirming treaties,[50] expelling one of its members,[51] and concurring in the proposal of Constitutional Amendments.[52]"}
{"id": "doc623693", "text": "We believe that, under Article II, Section 2, of the United States Constitution, the word \"Advice\" speaks to consultation between the Senate and the President with regard to the use of the president's power to make nominations. We encourage the Executive branch of government to consult with members of the Senate, both Democratic and Republican, prior to submitting a judicial nomination to the Senate for consideration."}
{"id": "doc624619", "text": "The film premiered on 19 May 2018 as the closing film of the 2018 Cannes Film Festival (where it received a standing ovation), and was released in French theaters the same day.[93][94][95][96]"}
{"id": "doc624718", "text": "Harley's latest invention, an efficient laundry transport, leads to trouble. After Daphne uses the invention to transport herself downstairs and nearly gets hurt, she blames Harley when their mother checks on what happened. Suzy sends Harley to her room and puts her on \"lockdown\", the severest form of punishment in the Diaz family. With Harley confined to her bedroom, Tom has Rachel and Georgie work at his marina store, while Harley looks to get back at her younger sister for always getting her in trouble. When she sees Daphne doing something suspicious in the backyard, she elicits Ethan's help and sneaks out of her room. They are ready to bust Daphne as she sells her toys and other things to the neighbors, but when Harley finds out why, she realizes how much she has been neglecting her sister lately. Meanwhile, Rachel and Georgie are put on lockdown after Tom catches them throwing a party in the marina store. Harley manages to return to her bedroom, with her siblings' help, before her older sisters join her in confinement. When Suzy sees evidence suggesting Harley snuck out, Daphne blames Ethan, but Harley comes clean; Suzy adds Ethan to the lockdown. Daphne then gets herself in trouble to join her sisters and spend time with them. All the while, Lewie and Beast are on a week-long camping trip and manage to make it through one day before Suzy decides they have gotten into enough trouble and brings them home."}
{"id": "doc624943", "text": "Oliver Queen first appears in the pilot episode of Arrow as a billionaire playboy being discovered on the deserted island of Lian Yu after being missing for five years following a ship wreck of his family's yacht. Oliver returns to Starling City and is greeted by his mother Moira (Susanna Thompson), his sister Thea (Willa Holland), his best friend Tommy Merlyn (Colin Donnell), and his ex-girlfriend Laurel Lance (Katie Cassidy). Unknown to his friends and family, Oliver has returned to Starling City to carry out a plan of redemption for his father, who was with him during the ship wreck and died while stranded on the island, and whom Oliver believes failed to do everything he could to help the citizens of Starling City. Season one focuses on Oliver readjusting to life during the day, and spending his nights dressed as a hooded vigilante. As his vigilante persona, Oliver carries a bow and arrows, and acts as judge, jury, and if necessary executioner to the wealthy that have used their money and power to take advantage and hurt the citizens of Starling City, and in the process embroiled into conflicts with some of the city's criminals including the Triad leader China White (Kelly Hu) and drug lord The Count (Seth Gabel).[1]"}
{"id": "doc625617", "text": "She has also made brief appearances in such shows as The IT Crowd, Dispatches, Britain's Brightest and 1001 Things You Should Know."}
{"id": "doc625773", "text": "Connecticut is known as the \"Constitution State\". The origin of this nickname is uncertain, but it likely comes from Connecticut's pivotal role in the federal constitutional convention of 1787, during which Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth helped to orchestrate what became known as the Connecticut Compromise, or the Great Compromise. This plan combined the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan to form a bicameral legislature, a form copied by almost every state constitution since the adoption of the federal constitution. Variations of the bicameral legislature had been proposed by Virginia and New Jersey, but Connecticut's plan was the one that was in effect until the early 20th century, when Senators ceased to be selected by their state legislatures and were instead directly elected. Otherwise, it is still the design of Congress."}
{"id": "doc626260", "text": "The 2018 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Pennsylvania, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will be held on May 15.[1]"}
{"id": "doc626437", "text": "The administration of President Franklin Pierce, strongly influenced by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis (later President of the southern seceding Confederate States), saw an opportunity to acquire land for the railroad, as well as to acquire significant other territory from northern Mexico.[3] In the end, territory for the railroad was purchased for $10 million ($270\u00c2\u00a0million today), but Mexico balked at any large-scale sale of territory.[4] In the United States, the debate over the treaty became involved in the dispute over slavery, ending progress[clarification needed] before the American Civil War."}
{"id": "doc626438", "text": "In January 1845 Asa Whitney of New York state presented the United States Congress with the first plan to construct a transcontinental railroad. Although Congress took no action on his proposal, a commercial convention of 1845 in Memphis took up the issue. Prominent attendees included John C. Calhoun, Clement C. Clay, Sr., John Bell, William Gwin, and Edmund P. Gaines, but it was James Gadsden of South Carolina who was influential in the convention's recommending a southern route for the proposed railroad. The route was to begin in Texas and end in San Diego or Mazatl\u00e1n. Southerners hoped that such a route would ensure southern prosperity while opening the \u201cWest to southern influence and settlement\".[5]"}
{"id": "doc626440", "text": "Gadsden had become the president of the South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company in 1839; about a decade later, the company had laid 136 miles (219\u00c2\u00a0km) of track extending west from Charleston, South Carolina, and was 3 million dollars in debt. Gadsden wanted to connect all Southern railroads into one sectional network.[7] He was concerned that the increasing railroad construction in the North was shifting trade in lumber, farm and manufacturing goods from the traditional north-south route based on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to an east-west axis that would bypass the South. He also saw Charleston, his home town, losing its prominence as a seaport. In addition, many Southern business interests feared that a northern transcontinental route would exclude the South from trade with the Orient. Other Southerners argued for diversification from a plantation economy to keep the South independent of northern bankers.[8]"}
{"id": "doc626445", "text": "The Compromise of 1850, which created the Utah Territory and the New Mexico Territory, would facilitate a southern route to the West Coast since all territory for the railroad was now organized and would allow for federal land grants as a financing measure. Competing northern or central routes championed, respectively, by U.S. Senators Stephen Douglas of Illinois and Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri, would still need to go through unorganized territories.[12] Millard Fillmore established a precedent for using federal land grants when he signed a bill promoted by Douglas that allowed a south to north, Mobile to Chicago railroad to be financed by \"federal land grants for the specific purpose of railroad construction\".[13] To satisfy Southern opposition to the general principle of federally supported internal improvements, the land grants would first be transferred to the appropriate state or territorial government, which would oversee the final transfer to private developers.[14]"}
{"id": "doc626446", "text": "By 1850, however, the majority of the South was not interested in exploiting its advantages in developing a transcontinental railroad or railroads in general. Businessmen like Gadsden, who advocated economic diversification, were in the minority. The Southern economy was based on cotton exports, and then-current transportation networks met the plantation system's needs. There was little home market for an intra-South trade. In the short term, the best use for capital was to invest it in more slaves and land rather than in taxing it to support canals, railroads, roads, or in dredging rivers.[15] Historian Jere W. Roberson wrote:[16]"}
{"id": "doc626786", "text": "In \"Remember When,\" Paulie and Tony leave for Miami to lie low while the FBI investigate the old case of Tony's first murder victim, Willie Overall. On the trip and in Miami, Paulie begins to reminisce about the old days, at which point he brings up Pussy Bonpensiero and Ralph Cifaretto and how they all four went out to dinner the night Tony whacked Willie. Tony begins to grow somewhat suspicious of Paulie's idiosyncrasies and inclination to divulge information to other people, and Tony questions him several times about the joke Ralph made about Ginny Sacrimoni's weight. Eventually, Overall's murder is blamed on the deceased Jackie Aprile, Sr., so Tony takes Paulie on a fishing trip to celebrate. Paulie has serious misgivings about going to sea with Tony due to the boat trip that was used to lure Pussy to his death. On the boat, Paulie continues to deny informing Johnny Sack of Ralph's joke about his wife. While Tony seriously considers murdering Paulie, he ultimately decides to spare his life. Seemingly out of \"gratitude\", Paulie sends Carmela a $2,000 espresso machine to replace her broken one. The overly expensive gift from Paulie causes Carmela to exclaim \"what is wrong with that man,\" but Tony defends him, saying it was people like Paulie who allow Tony and Carmela to live the way they do."}
{"id": "doc626977", "text": "Vincent van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles, 1888"}
{"id": "doc627159", "text": "Junker is derived from Middle High German Juncherre, meaning \"young nobleman\"[4] or otherwise \"young lord\" (derivation of jung and Herr), and originally was the title of members of the higher edelfrei (immediate) nobility without or before the accolade. It evolved to a general denotation of a young or lesser noble, often poor and politically insignificant, understood as \"country squire\" (cf. Martin Luther's disguise as \"Junker J\u00c3\u00b6rg\" at the Wartburg; he would later mock King Henry VIII of England as \"Juncker Heintz\"[5]). As part of the nobility, many Junker families only had prepositions such as von or zu before their family names without further ranks. The abbreviation of the title is Jkr., most often placed before the given name and titles, for example: Jkr. Heinrich von Hohenberg. The female equivalent Junkfrau (Jkfr.) was used only sporadically. In some cases, the honorific Jkr. was also used for Freiherren (Barons) and Grafen (Counts)."}
{"id": "doc627424", "text": "Common small arms include:"}
{"id": "doc627432", "text": "I am a Coast Guardsman.\nI serve the people of the United States.\nI will protect them.\nI will defend them.\nI will save them.\nI am their shield.\nFor them I am Semper Paratus.\nI live the Coast Guard core values.\nI am proud to be a Coast Guardsman.\nWe are the United States Coast Guard."}
{"id": "doc628470", "text": "[The President] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments."}
{"id": "doc628911", "text": "British comedians Arthur Mullard and Hylda Baker also released a version of the song in 1978. Their version reached No. 22 in the UK.[9]"}
{"id": "doc629517", "text": "The rock singer Joe Jackson recorded Jumpin' Jive in 1981, which featured several songs by Jordan."}
{"id": "doc632216", "text": "Heads of state from other countries associated with this university include four presidents of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Mohammad Mohammadullah, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, Abdus Sattar, two prime ministers of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and Muhammad Mansur Ali, three prime ministers of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Bogra, Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy, and Nurul Amin, the first premier of Burma under British rule, Ba Maw, the first president of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav and the first democratically elected prime minister of Nepal, Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, and his successor Tulsi Giri."}
{"id": "doc632418", "text": "For the majority of the Vietnam war, the principal weapon of the door gunner was a medium machine gun (MG), initially, a M1919A4 .30 caliber MG, and soon thereafter, the M60 7.62mm MG became the standard helicopter door armament system. Initially however not all helicopters were armed or outfitted with a dedicated MG for door armament. For example the very first U.S. Army helicopter units, flying CH-21 helicopters, that began flying combat missions in Vietnam in 1962 didn't. Therefore door gunners on Vietnam photographs are sometimes seen using an M1 Carbine, an M14 rifle, or an M16 rifle, as their only weapon."}
{"id": "doc633767", "text": "The meaning of basic verbs can be expanded and sometimes radically changed through the use of a number of prefixes. Some prefixes have a specific meaning; the prefix zer- refers to destruction, as in zerrei\u00c3\u0178en (to tear apart), zerbrechen (to break apart), zerschneiden (to cut apart). Other prefixes have only the vaguest meaning in themselves; ver- is found in a number of verbs with a large variety of meanings, as in versuchen (to try) from suchen (to seek), vernehmen (to interrogate) from nehmen (to take), verteilen (to distribute) from teilen (to share), verstehen (to understand) from stehen (to stand)."}
{"id": "doc635523", "text": "The fifty American states are separate sovereigns,[1] with their own state constitutions, state governments, and state courts. All states have a legislative branch which enacts state statutes, an executive branch that promulgates state regulations pursuant to statutory authorization, and a judicial branch that applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations, as well as local ordinances. States retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the federal Constitution, federal statutes, or international treaties ratified by the federal Senate. Normally, state supreme courts are the final interpreters of state institutions and state law, unless their interpretation itself presents a federal issue, in which case a decision may be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court by way of a petition for writ of certiorari.[2] State laws have dramatically diverged in the centuries since independence, to the extent that the United States cannot be regarded as one legal system as to the majority of types of law traditionally under state control, but must be regarded as 50 separate systems of tort law, family law, property law, contract law, criminal law, and so on.[3]"}
{"id": "doc635536", "text": "Uniform acts are proposed by private organizations like ULC to cover areas of law traditionally governed by the states where it would be useful to have a consistent set of rules across the various states. The most successful and influential uniform acts are the Uniform Commercial Code (a joint ALI-ULC project) and the Model Penal Code (from ALI)."}
{"id": "doc636206", "text": "Like all other U.S. states, Alaska is governed as a republic, with three branches of government: an executive branch consisting of the Governor of Alaska and the other independently elected constitutional officers; a legislative branch consisting of the Alaska House of Representatives and Alaska Senate; and a judicial branch consisting of the Alaska Supreme Court and lower courts."}
{"id": "doc636208", "text": "The Alaska Legislature consists of a 40-member House of Representatives and a 20-member Senate. Senators serve four-year terms and House members two. The Governor of Alaska serves four-year terms. The lieutenant governor runs separately from the governor in the primaries, but during the general election, the nominee for governor and nominee for lieutenant governor run together on the same ticket."}
{"id": "doc636318", "text": "The photos, taken with a cheap Instamatic camera, show what appears to be a male ivory-billed woodpecker perched on the trunks of two trees in the Atchafalaya Basin of Louisiana. The bird's distinctive bill is not visible in either photo and the photos\u00a0\u2013 taken from a distance\u00a0\u2013 are very grainy. Lowery presented the photos at the 1971 annual meeting of the American Ornithologists Union. Skeptics dismissed the photos as frauds; seeing that the bird is in roughly the same position in both photos, they suggested they may have been of a mounted specimen."}
{"id": "doc636337", "text": "In March 2006, a team headed by David A. Sibley of Concord, Massachusetts, published a response[28] in the journal Science, asserting that the videotape was most likely of a pileated woodpecker, with mistakes having been made in the interpretation of its posture. They conclude that it lacked certain features of an ivory-billed woodpecker, and had others consistent with the pileated woodpecker; they asserted positively that the blurry video images belonged to pileated woodpecker. The CLO team responded in the same issue of Science, standing by their original findings,[29] stating:"}
{"id": "doc636346", "text": "There were teasing glimpses and tantalizing sounds, but the 2005\u20132006 search for the ivory-billed woodpecker in Arkansas has concluded without the definitive visual documentation being sought. The search, led by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, with support from Audubon Arkansas, stretched from November through April when ivory-bill activity would be highest and a lack of leaf-cover permitted clear views through the dense forest.\u2026 \u201cThe search teams were very skilled, not only technically but in the execution of the search,\u201d said Dr. John Fitzpatrick, director of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. \u201cEven though we didn\u2019t get additional definitive evidence of the ivory-bill in Arkansas, we\u2019re not discouraged. The vastness of the forest combined with the highly mobile nature of the bird warrant additional searching.\u201d"}
{"id": "doc638457", "text": "Among the 59 members three members are nominated by the President. The remaining 56 are elected from 7 provinces equally (Eight each) including 3 female 1 Dalits and 1 from differently abled groups."}
{"id": "doc638689", "text": "The largest party not in government forms Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition."}
{"id": "doc638932", "text": "The British Royal Navy and French industrialists invented tanks in World War I. After initial small-scale use they brought success in the opening assault of the Battle of Cambrai (1917) until German artillerymen learned to resist them. Despite rapidly increasing French production, their numbers remained too small to make more than a modest impact on the progress of the war in 1918. Germany used a few captured enemy tanks, and made a few. Plan 1919 outlined the future use of massive tank formations in great offensives combined with ground attack aircraft."}
{"id": "doc639193", "text": "Historically, there have been differences in systems of succession, mainly revolving around the question of whether succession is limited to males, or whether females are also eligible (historically, the crown often devolved on the eldest male child, as ability to lead an army in battle was a requisite of kingship). Agnatic succession refers to systems where females are neither allowed to succeed nor to transmit succession rights to their male descendants (see Salic Law). An agnate is a kinsman with whom one has a common ancestor by descent in an unbroken male line. Cognatic succession once referred to any succession which allowed both males and females to be heirs, although in modern usage it specifically refers to succession by seniority regardless of sex[citation needed] (absolute primogeniture as in Sweden since 1980). Another factor which may be taken into account is the religious affiliation of the candidate or the candidate's spouse, specifically where the monarch also has a religious title or role; for example the British monarch has the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England and may not profess Roman Catholicism."}
{"id": "doc641270", "text": "In 2008, the Office of Sustainability started the Sustainability Advisors program, in which teachers invite a peer educator to give a lecture covering sustainability concepts.[128]"}
{"id": "doc641297", "text": "For the 2008\u00e2\u20ac\u201c2009 school year, The Diamondback earned a Mark of Excellence award from the Society of Professional Journalists, placing second nationally for Best All-Around Daily Student Newspaper and first in its region in the same category.[173] Three years earlier the newspaper had finished third place nationally for Best All-Around Daily Student Newspaper and first in its region.[174] Notable journalists who have been with The Diamondback include David Simon of HBO's The Wire and NBC's Homicide: Life on the Street, disgraced Jayson Blair, who was editor-in-chief in 1996 (Blair did not graduate, instead taking a job with The New York Times); Norman Chad, who was editor-in-chief in 1978; cartoonists Jeff Kinney, who created the Diary of a Wimpy Kid fiction series and whose Igdoof strip appeared in The Diamondback; Aaron McGruder, who first published his cartoon The Boondocks in The Diamondback; and Frank Cho, who began his career with the popular \"University Squared\" for The Diamondback."}
{"id": "doc641498", "text": "First aired March 9, 2004"}
{"id": "doc641530", "text": "The United States Constitution of 1787 did not use the word \"slavery\" but included several provisions about unfree persons. The Three-Fifths Compromise (in Article I, Section 2) allocated Congressional representation based \"on the whole Number of free Persons\" and \"three fifths of all other Persons\".[11] Under the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article IV, Section 2), \"[n]o person held to service or labour in one state\" would be freed by escaping to another. Article I, Section 9 allowed Congress to pass legislation to outlaw the \"Importation of Persons\", but not until 1808.[12] However, for purposes of the Fifth Amendment\u2014which states that, \"No person shall ... be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law\"\u2014slaves were understood as property.[13] Although abolitionists used the Fifth Amendment to argue against slavery, it became part of the legal basis for treating slaves as property with Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857).[14] Socially, slavery was also supported in law and in practice by a pervasive culture of white supremacy.[15] Nonetheless, between 1777 and 1804, every Northern state provided for the immediate or gradual abolition of slavery, except the border states of Maryland and Delaware. Maryland did not abolish slavery until 1864,[16] and Delaware was one of the last states to hold onto slavery; it was still legal in Delaware when the thirteenth amendment was issued.[17] No Southern state did so, and the slave population of the South continued to grow, peaking at almost 4 million people at the beginning of the American Civil War, in which most slave states sought to break away from the United States.[18]"}
{"id": "doc642762", "text": "\"No, listen to the question and the words in it...\""}
{"id": "doc642895", "text": "In 2008, IKEA paired up with the makers of video game The Sims 2 to make a stuff pack called IKEA Home Stuff, featuring many IKEA products. It was released on 24 June 2008 in North America and 26 June 2008 in Europe. It is the second stuff pack with a major brand, the first being The Sims 2 H&M Fashion Stuff."}
{"id": "doc643072", "text": "The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States was built in the 1860s, linking the railroad network of the eastern US with California on the Pacific coast. Finished on 10 May 1869 at the famous Golden spike event at Promontory Summit, Utah, it created a nationwide mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American West, catalyzing the transition from the wagon trains of previous decades to a modern transportation system.[125] Although an accomplishment, it achieved the status of first transcontinental railroad by connecting myriad eastern US railroads to the Pacific and was not the largest single railroad system in the world. The Canadian Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) had, by 1867, already accumulated more than 2,055\u00a0km (1,277\u00a0mi) of track by connecting Ontario with the Canadian Atlantic provinces west as far as Port Huron, Michigan, through Sarnia, Ontario."}
{"id": "doc643446", "text": "Another app was released on May 17, 2016 called \"Molly's Big Day\". This app focuses on Molly and her big first day in Clowndergarten. There are also activities for the players to do as well."}
{"id": "doc643498", "text": "The Holy Roman Emperors of Ottonian dynasty, when they came to the throne, believed they should have the power to appoint the pope. They also believed they should appoint minor church officials. The result was that, more often than not, bishops, abbots of monasteries, and even the pope were not independent, but resembled lackeys or sycophants of the crown of the Holy Roman Empire. This attitude was bolstered by the general conception that the Holy Roman Emperor and all other European Kings were chosen by God to be leaders."}
{"id": "doc643972", "text": "The poem features, in spoken form, on the album Anthology of 20th Century English Poetry (Part I), originally issued in 1960 on the Folkways Records label and has been used in British television advertisements, including those for Center Parcs and Orange Mobile.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc645561", "text": "Lexa has been well received by critics and fans, who consider her to be one of the show's more interesting and complex characters. She has been a source of frequent debate; one topic is how she was written off the series. Her relationship with Clarke, which was viewed as compelling, significantly impacted the LGBT community, and many viewers embraced it as a positive or tempestuous depiction of friendship, love, and betrayal. The relationship was, however, criticized for being unnecessarily tragic, leading the \"bury your gays\" trope to rise to a national debate."}
{"id": "doc645564", "text": "In \"Remember Me,\" Clarke and a group from the Ark set off to a Grounder camp (Tondc) to complete their agreement for a truce. On the way, Clarke is haunted by visions of Finn. Bellamy tries to convince Clarke to let him go to Mount Weather as an inside man; Clarke says she cannot lose him too. When they arrive at the village, Clarke burns Finn's corpse, along with the corpses of those he killed, in a traditional Grounder funeral. While grieving, Lexa tells Clarke of Costia, her own past love who was tortured and killed by Lexa's enemy, who believed she knew Lexa's secrets. She tells Clarke that love is weakness. At a dinner, Kane gifts Lexa with a bottle of liquor. When Gustus, her right hand, tests it for her, he appears to be poisoned, leading Lexa to believe it was an assassination attempt by the Sky People. Clarke immediately thinks it was Raven, as she was Finn's former girlfriend and loved him. Clarke confronts her; Raven punches Clarke for accusing her of doing it. Lexa nearly kills Raven, but Bellamy figures out it was Gustus who poisoned the cup, and Clarke proves it to Lexa by drinking from the bottle herself. Lexa kills Gustus. When Lincoln confronts Bellamy about how he knew it was Gustus, he says Gustus would do anything to protect Lexa. Clarke decides she sees Lexa's point about how love is a weakness and tells Bellamy he was right and should go to Mount Weather."}
{"id": "doc645572", "text": "In \"Hakeldama,\" Clarke, Lexa, and other Grounders discover an army of fallen Grounders, slain by Pike (the new and destructive leader of the Sky People) and his followers. Indra is found wounded and says Bellamy persuaded Pike to let her live in order to tell Lexa that the Sky People reject the newly-formed coalition. Lexa allows Clarke's return to Arkadia to tell Bellamy and the others to step down. Clarke fails to convince Bellamy, but convinces Lexa to end the cycle of violence in hopes of peace."}
{"id": "doc645600", "text": "Trish Bendix of AfterEllen.com, on the other hand, challenged the outrage, stating that while LGBT visibility matters, fictional characters of color (including transgender characters of color) do not get a tenth of the attention that white television characters do. She hoped to see viewers care more about these characters going forward.[45] The A.V. Club's Kyle Fowle felt that while \"it's certainly frustrating to see one of TV's prominent lesbian characters written off so hastily,\" the show made Lexa's death mean something. In his opinion, episode \"Thirteen\" is \"a remarkable episode, one that deepens the mythology of The 100 while also delivering on a number of character threads that have been left dangling for much of this season so far.\"[24] Damian Holbrook of TV Insider argued that, despite assertions to the contrary, television writers and producers never hastily kill off a character. \"They are humans who come to love their casts and their characters as much as we do, but they are also ultimately telling a story.\"[46]"}
{"id": "doc645602", "text": "Rothenberg said he had not always planned on killing Lexa, but the fact that Debnam-Carey was simultaneously on another show (Fear the Walking Dead), and was therefore unlikely to ever become a series regular on The 100, he felt use of the character would be limited or absent in the future. This is when the writers decided to craft a death scene for her to propel the story forward.[38][48] \"I remember as we were breaking the season, we talked about reincarnation in the Grounder world and how that was how commanders were selected. I didn't want to throw that out as nonsense, which is how Clarke had received it, but I also didn't want to say that it was real reincarnation,\" he said, adding he had been reading The Singularity Is Near by Ray Kurzweil at the time, which \"talks quite a bit about a future where we'll be able to upload our minds\u2014literally upload our consciousness\u2014into a computer and live forever.\" This gave Rothenberg the idea for incorporating a \"technological reincarnation\" storyline. \"The commander A.I. would need to be able to pass itself from person to person over time and [...] Lexa was just the most recent recipient of this artificial intelligence augmentation of her consciousness. So once we came up with that idea, that was the point at which everything jelled and sort of came together storytelling-wise,\" he stated. \"And of course, if you're dealing with a story about reincarnation, you've got to die before you can be reincarnated. So Lexa dying became a very tragic necessity.\"[48] Rothenberg said Clarke was in love with Lexa,[38] that they were soulmates,[49] and Lexa's death will haunt Clarke. \"[She] is going to have to figure out how to compartmentalize, the way that all of us have to do in the real world when people are suddenly and tragically taken away from us,\" he added. \"That's kind of the point of The 100 in many ways. These horrible things happen and yet we still have to figure out a way to move on and be the heroes of our own stories.\"[38]"}
{"id": "doc648018", "text": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third Place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth Place"}
{"id": "doc648335", "text": "The belief that angels can be guides and intercessors for men can be found in Job 33:23-6, and in Daniel 10:13 angels seem to be assigned to certain countries. In this latter case, the \"prince of the kingdom of Persia\" contends with Gabriel. The same verse mentions \"Michael, one of the chief princes\"."}
{"id": "doc648344", "text": "Hebrews 1:14 says: \"Are they not all ministering spirits, sent to minister for them, who shall receive the inheritance of salvation?\" In this view, the function of the guardian angel is to lead people to the Kingdom of Heaven."}
{"id": "doc648355", "text": "According to Aquinas, \"On this road man is threatened by many dangers both from within and without, and therefore as guardians are appointed for men who have to pass by an unsafe road, so an angel is assigned to each man as long as he is a wayfarer.\" By means of an angel, God is said to introduce images and suggestions leading a person to do what is right.[15]"}
{"id": "doc648364", "text": "Perhaps every Christian has a guardian angel. It may be that there is one angel to every Christian, or a score of them; or one may have charge of a score of Christians. Some of the ancient fathers believed that every city had a guardian angel, while others assigned one to every house and every man. None of us know how much we are indebted to angels for our deliverance from imminent peril, disease, and malicious plots of men and devils. Where the pious die, angels are to carry the soul to heaven, though it be a soul of a Lazarus.\"[27]"}
{"id": "doc649566", "text": "Obelisk with a Christmas Tree"}
{"id": "doc649680", "text": "Several scenes in this movie were filmed at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), which is the former Texas Western College, and El Paso High School in El Paso, Texas. Other scenes were filmed at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana, Jesuit High School and Douglas High School, formerly F. T. Nicholls High School, in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Chalmette High School in Chalmette, Louisiana. The IHOP scene was filmed in the old Airline Motors Diner on Airline Highway just west of New Orleans. The school shown for the girls' basketball game in Fort Worth, Texas at the beginning of the film is actually the front of El Paso High School, as shown by the engraving on the top of the columns. The lunchroom basketball trash can scene was filmed at Booker T. Washington High School, the first high school built in New Orleans for African-Americans. Towards the beginning of the film for the shot of Texas Western College, the Wells Fargo Plaza and the Chase Bank Building in downtown El Paso can be seen in the top left corner. The Wells Fargo Plaza was not completed until 1971, and the Chase Bank Building was still the Texas Commerce Bank building until the early 1990s. In addition, Ralph Strangis (the former Dallas Stars play-by-play announcer) had a small speaking role as a courtside broadcaster. Ben Affleck was the original choice for the role of coach Don Haskins, but had to drop out of the filming due to prior commitments. NBA point guard Kirk Hinrich was offered a role in the film, but chose not to participate \"because of time constraints\".[7]"}
{"id": "doc650150", "text": "Rainbows occur frequently in mythology, and have been used in the arts. One of the earliest literary occurrences of a rainbow is in the Book of Genesis chapter 9, as part of the flood story of Noah, where it is a sign of God's covenant to never destroy all life on earth with a global flood again. In Norse mythology, the rainbow bridge Bifr\u00f6st connects the world of men (Midgard) and the realm of the gods (Asgard). Cuchavira was the god of the rainbow for the Muisca in present-day Colombia and when the regular rains on the Bogot\u00e1 savanna were over, the people thanked him offering gold, snails and small emeralds. The Irish leprechaun's secret hiding place for his pot of gold is usually said to be at the end of the rainbow. This place is appropriately impossible to reach, because the rainbow is an optical effect which cannot be approached."}
{"id": "doc650883", "text": "The time has come when badges of honour make our shame glaring in the incongruous context of humiliation, and I for my part, wish to stand, shorn, of all special distinctions, by the side of those of my countrymen who, for their so called insignificance, are liable to suffer degradation not fit for human beings."}
{"id": "doc650941", "text": "The First United States Congress, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, met from March 4, 1789, to March 4, 1791, during the first two years of George Washington's presidency, first at Federal Hall in New York City and later at Congress Hall in Philadelphia. With the initial meeting of the First Congress, the United States federal government officially began operations under the new (and current) frame of government established by the 1787 Constitution. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 of the Constitution. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.  Twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution were passed by this Congress and sent to the states for ratification; the ten ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, are collectively known as the Bill of Rights."}
{"id": "doc650954", "text": "All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket."}
{"id": "doc651760", "text": "Scenes of Kansas and the Loomis home were shot in the Travis section of Staten Island, New York City.[3] Exterior scenes of the high school campus were shot at Horace Mann School in the Bronx. The gothic buildings of the North Campus of The City College of New York stand in for Yale University in New Haven.[4] The scenes at the waterfall were shot in High Falls, New York, summer home of director Kazan.[4]"}
{"id": "doc651946", "text": "Solar rotation varies with latitude because the Sun is composed of a gaseous plasma. The rate of rotation is observed to be fastest at the equator (latitude \u03c6 = 0\u00a0\u00b0), and to decrease as latitude increases. The solar rotation period is 24.47 days at the equator and almost 38 days at the poles. The differential rotation rate is usually described by the equation:"}
{"id": "doc651957", "text": "Each measurement gives a slightly different answer, yielding the above standard deviations (shown as +/-). St. John (1918) was perhaps the first to summarise the published solar rotation rates, and concluded that the differences in series measured in different years can hardly be attributed to personal observation or to local disturbances on the Sun, and are probably due to time variations in the rate of rotation, and Hubrecht (1915) was the first one to find that the two solar hemispheres rotate differently. A study of magnetograph data showed a synodic period in agreement with other studies of 26.24 days at the equator and almost 38 days at the poles.[4]"}
{"id": "doc652514", "text": "\"Days in the Sun\" is prominently featured in a flashback sequence about the death of the Beast's mother. In the lyrics, the Beast's servants and Belle reminisce about earlier parts of their lives. Serving as a replacement of the song \"Human Again\" from the stage adaptation of the original Disney film, it was regarded as a more sombre expression of the subject matter by music critics. An alternative version of \"Days in the Sun\", in which the Beast's mother sings a verse, was made available on the Blu-ray release; it was changed after a test audience confused Harriet Jones with Hattie Morahan, who played the mother and Agathe, respectively. Critical response to \"Days in the Sun\" was mixed; some critics praised its content while others questioned whether it was a necessary addition."}
{"id": "doc652521", "text": "The Blu-ray release of the film includes another version of the song, in which the Beast's mother sings to him.[20] In this version, a sequence showing the Beast's mother singing to her sick child would have been intercut with one of the young Beast singing to his dying mother.[21] The scene and song were changed for the final version because a test audience confused the mother with Agathe.[20] In the original take, the mother was portrayed by Harriet Jones and Agathe by Hattie Morahan. Condon said the changes were a result of his \"mistake\". He said: \"The actresses actually look very much alike, so, sadly when we did it again, even though it is once again Harriet, we had to put her in bed and with dark hair.\" Jones was retained in the film but Condon had the character portrayed as a brunette to avoid confusion. The actor portraying the young Beast was changed because Condon required the part to be sung.[21]"}
{"id": "doc653285", "text": "Continued investment in players followed in successive seasons, and results began to match the upturn in player quality. City reached the 2011 FA Cup Final, their first major final in over thirty years, after defeating derby rivals Manchester United in the semi-final,[27] the first time they had knocked their rival out of a cup competition since 1975. They defeated Stoke City 1\u20130 in the final, securing their fifth FA Cup, the club's first major trophy since winning the 1976 League Cup. In the same week, the club qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1968 with a 1\u20130 Premier League win over Tottenham Hotspur.[28] On the last day of the 2010\u201311 season, City passed Arsenal for third place in the Premier League, thereby securing qualification directly into the Champions League group stage. Strong performances continued to follow in the 2011\u201312 season, with the club beginning the following season in commanding form, including beating Tottenham 5\u20131 at White Hart Lane and humbling Manchester United by a 6\u20131 scoreline in United's own stadium. Although the strong form waned half-way through the season, and City at one point fell eight points behind their bitter rivals with only six games left to play, an unprecedented slump by the previous champions allowed the blue side of Manchester to draw back level with two games to go, setting up a thrilling finale to the season with both teams going into the last day equal on points. Despite City only needing a home win against a team in the relegation zone, they still managed to fall a goal behind by the end of normal time, leading some of United's players to finish their game celebrating in the belief that they had won the league. Two goals in injury time - including one scored almost five minutes after normal time had elapsed - resulted in an almost-literal last-minute title victory, City's first in 44 years, and became only the fifth team to win the Premier League since its creation in 1992. In the aftermath that followed, the event was described by media sources from the UK and around the world as the greatest moment in Premier League history.[29][30] The game was only made all the more notable for former player Joey Barton's sending off, where he committed three separate red card-able incidents on three different players in the space of only a few seconds, resulting in a 12-game ban which effectively forced him to leave English football.[31]"}
{"id": "doc653731", "text": "She first found widespread attention in the 1980s when she became a member of The Comic Strip after graduating from the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. With her comedy partner Dawn French, she wrote and starred in their eponymous sketch show, French and Saunders, for which she and French received a BAFTA fellowship in 2009. She received worldwide acclaim through the early to mid-1990s for writing and playing the lead role of Edina Monsoon in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous."}
{"id": "doc655233", "text": "Pico de Orizaba is the highest summit of M\u00c3\u00a9xico."}
{"id": "doc655666", "text": "The beginnings of the California and Oregon Trails were laid out by mountain men and fur traders from about 1811 to 1840 and were only passable initially on foot or by horseback. South Pass, the easiest pass over the U.S. continental divide of the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean drainages, was discovered by Robert Stuart and his party of seven in 1812 while he was taking a message from the west to the east back to John Jacob Astor about the need for a new ship to supply Fort Astoria on the Columbia River\u00e2\u20ac\u201dtheir supply ship Tonquin had blown up. In 1824, fur traders/trappers Jedediah Smith and Thomas Fitzpatrick rediscovered the South Pass as well as the Sweetwater, North Platte and Platte River valleys connecting to the Missouri River."}
{"id": "doc655676", "text": "Another mixed party on horse back of U.S. Army topographers, hunters, scouts, etc. of about 50 men in 1843\u20131844 led by U.S. Army Colonel John C. Fr\u00e9mont of the U.S. Corp of Topographical Engineers and his chief scout Kit Carson took their exploration company down the Humboldt River, crossing Forty Mile Desert and then following what is now called the Carson River across the Carson Range that is east of what is now called Lake Tahoe\u2014seen but not explored by Fremont from a peak near what is now called Carson Pass. They made a winter crossing of the Carson Range and Sierra Nevadas in February 1843.[16] From Carson pass they followed the northern Sierra's southern slopes, to minimize snow depth, of what is now called the American River valley down to Sutter's Fort located near what is now Sacramento, California. Fremont took the data gathered by his topographers and map makers in his 1843\u201344 and 1846\u201347 explorations of much of the American west to create and publish (by order of Congress) the first \"decent\" map of California and Oregon in 1848.[17]"}
{"id": "doc655750", "text": "After being nearly abandoned, several branches of the Truckee Trail were eventually developed in the early 1860s for freight wagons and emigrants going both ways on the California trail. To be more useful the Truckee Trail needed extensive and expensive work spent on it. The route of the Truckee trail was chosen as the \"best\" way to get a railroad over the Sierras. In 1863 the Central Pacific Railroad put about 300 men to work on the trail and spent over $300,000 working on a \"new\" toll road roughly following the original Truckee route with several new upgrades. In 1864, the CPRR opened the Dutch Flat Donner Lake Toll Wagon Road (DFDLWR) to earn money hauling freight to Nevada while also supplying their railroad workers building the First Transcontinental Railroad from Dutch Flat California over the Donner summit and on to what today is Verdi, Nevada. The freight going to the gold and silver strikes in Nevada at the Comstock Lode were calculated to pay about $13,000,000 per year in wagon tolls\u00e2\u20ac\u201da fraction of this was well worth pursuing.[97] One branch of the original Lincoln Highway over Donner summit built in about 1925 climbed the eastern Sierras to Donner Pass with multiple steep switchbacks. Today, the part of Interstate 80 in California and Nevada from 40 Mile Desert, Truckee River, Donner Pass, Sacramento very roughly approximates the original Truckee Trail route."}
{"id": "doc655763", "text": "In 1855, the California Legislature passed An Act to Construct a Wagon Road over the Sierra Nevada Mountains[115] and appropriated $100,005 dollars to do it. Sherman Day, a part-time California State Senator was appointed to survey the possible routes. After extensive searches, he recommended the Placerville route (Johnson's Cutoff) as the best prospect and surveyed an improved route. The California Supreme Court ruled in 1856 that the law was unconstitutional since it violated the state Constitution's allowable $300,000 debt limit without public vote. Discouraged but not defeated, road proponents got El-Dorado, Sacramento and Yolo counties to kick in $50,000 for road construction. Contracts were let and they got a new bridge across the South Fork American River ($11,300); a new sidehill road along Peavine ridge that was only 100 feet (30\u00a0m) to 500 feet (150\u00a0m) above the river and avoided the sharp ascents and descents there and extensive work on a new road up to Johnson's Summit (Echo Summit) and another less precipitous road down to Lake Valley. This was the first route over the Sierraas on which extensive, public financed, improvements were made. The new route was christened the Day Route. Winter and its attendant runoffs raised havoc with the road and in spring 1860, when the mobs were trying to get to Virginia City, Nevada and the new Comstock Lode strike, it was reported as a barely passably trail in places (April 1860). To get supplies to Virginia City, Nevada and the Comstock area after 1860, the road was extensively improved as a toll road to the mines in Virginia City, Nevada. It is now followed roughly by U.S. Highway 50.[116]"}
{"id": "doc655785", "text": "Competition arrived in July 1864 when the Central Pacific railroad entrepreneurs opened Dutch Flat and Donner Lake Wagon Road (DFDLWR)[126] This route was opened over much of the route the new Central Pacific railroad would use over Donner Summit. This route followed much of the original Truckee Trail route with the major exception that its large work force could smooth and straighten the route and make major side hill cuts that built around many of the steep grades and over or through major obstacles. Below Dutch Flat where the original Truckee Trail diverged from modern roads to descend into a steep canyon and use the Bear River ridge to get around impassable terrain the Dutch Flat and Donner Lake Wagon Road (and the Central Pacific track) was cut around many of the sharp ridges that had prevented a wagon road there. Despite the Dutch Flat and Donner Lake Wagon Road name, the railhead would not actually reach Dutch Flat (about 60 miles (97\u00a0km) east of Sacramento) until July 4, 1866, as it was built over difficult terrain and required very heavy construction to reach Dutch Flat. Their toll road was built with a reported $200,000 (1864 dollars) investment and involved about 350 men and many teams of animals working for over ten months. Initially, the road extended from the railhead (then Newcastle, about 30 miles (48\u00a0km) east of Sacramento) over Donner summit to Verdi, Nevada where it joined the road developed by the Henness Pass road to Virginia City, Nevada. After it was opened, this route was advertised by the California Stage Company to reach Virginia City in three hours less time (about 17 hours) than the Sacramento-Placerville Route and have lower grades and wider roads, (20 feet (6.1\u00a0m)), than the other routes. This new toll road was developed so the new railroad could earn money even as it was being built as well as supplying their own hefty transportation needs. As the railroad construction progressed over the Sierras, freight could be shipped to near the railhead then transferred to wagons that could use the new toll road to complete their journey. It slowly took over much of the shipping to Virginia City and the Washoe district as the railroad progressed over Donner Summit (December 1868) and into Truckee and beyond. Today's Interstate 80 goes over much of the same route and is the main transportation artery over the Sierras in northern California."}
{"id": "doc656863", "text": "The first season of Friends, an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, premiered on NBC on September 22, 1994. Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 18, 1995."}
{"id": "doc658301", "text": "Under Constantine, Christianity did not become the exclusive religion of the state, but enjoyed imperial preference, since the Emperor supported it with generous privileges: clerics were exempted from personal services and taxation, Christians were preferred for administrative posts, and bishops were entrusted with judicial responsibilities.[15] Constantine established the principle that emperors should not settle questions of doctrine, but should summon general ecclesiastical councils for that purpose. The Synod of Arles was convened by Constantine, and the First Council of Nicaea showcased his claim to be head of the Church.[16]"}
{"id": "doc658745", "text": "Installation as nomenclature for a specific form of art came into use fairly recently; its first use as documented by the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1969. It was coined in this context, in reference to a form of art that had arguably existed since prehistory but was not regarded as a discrete category until the mid-twentieth century. Allan Kaprow used the term \"Environment\" in 1958 (Kaprow 6) to describe his transformed indoor spaces; this later joined such terms as \"project art\" and \"temporary art.\""}
{"id": "doc660012", "text": "Beta-minus (\u03b2\u2212) radiation consists of an energetic electron. It is more penetrating than alpha radiation, but less than gamma. Beta radiation from radioactive decay can be stopped with a few centimeters of plastic or a few millimeters of metal. It occurs when a neutron decays into a proton in a nucleus, releasing the beta particle and an antineutrino. Beta radiation from linac accelerators is far more energetic and penetrating than natural beta radiation. It is sometimes used therapeutically in radiotherapy to treat superficial tumors."}
{"id": "doc660236", "text": "The 1920s were a prosperous time for much of the nation, including Florida. The state's new railroads opened up large areas to development, spurring the Florida land boom of the 1920s. Investors of all kinds, many from outside Florida, raced to buy and sell rapidly appreciating land in newly platted communities such as Miami and Palm Beach. Led by entrepreneurs Carl Fisher and George Merrick, Miami was transformed by land speculation and ambitious building projects into an emerging metropolis. A growing awareness in the areas surrounding Florida, along with the Northeast about the attractive south Florida winter climate, along with local promotion of speculative investing, spurred the boom.[68]"}
{"id": "doc660237", "text": "A majority of the people who bought land in Florida hired intermediaries to accomplish the transactions. By 1924, the main issues in state elections were how to attract more industry and the need to build and maintain good roads for tourists.[69] During the time frame, the population grew from less than one million in 1920, to 1,263,540 in 1925.[70]"}
{"id": "doc660256", "text": "Like other states in the South, Florida had many African-American leaders who were active in the civil rights movement. In the 1940s and '50s, a new generation started working on issues, emboldened by veterans who had fought during World War II and wanted to gain more civil rights. Harry Moore built the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Florida, rapidly increasing its membership to 10,000. Because Florida's voter laws were not as restrictive as those of Georgia and Alabama, he had some success in registering black voters. In the 1940s he increased voter registration among blacks from 5 to 31% of those age-eligible.[87]"}
{"id": "doc660265", "text": "Florida has historically been at risk from hurricanes and tropical storms. These have resulted in higher risks and property damage as the concentration of population and development has increased along Florida's coastal areas. Not only are more people and property at risk, but development has overtaken the natural system of wetlands and waterways, which used to absorb some of the storms' energy and excess waters.[93][94][95]"}
{"id": "doc660271", "text": "Flagler built the Florida East Coast Railway from Jacksonville to Key West. Along the route he provided grand accommodations for passengers, including the Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, the Ormond Hotel in Ormond Beach, the Royal Poinciana Hotel and the Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach, and the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami.[103]"}
{"id": "doc660871", "text": "Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) is found in many bacteria and plastids. It tags proteins encoded by mRNAs that lack stop codons for degradation and prevents the ribosome from stalling.[38]"}
{"id": "doc661907", "text": "For newborns with transposition, prostaglandins can be given to keep the ductus arteriosus open which allows mixing of the otherwise isolated pulmonary and systemic circuits. Thus oxygenated blood that recirculates back to the lungs can mix with blood that circulates throughout the body. The arterial switch operation is the definitive treatment for dextro- transposition. [3]Rarely the arterial switch is not feasible due to particular coronary artery anatomy and an atrial switch operation is preferred."}
{"id": "doc662025", "text": "He said to another interviewer that he is concerned about dealing with old news:"}
{"id": "doc663431", "text": "Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the impact of changes to the environment on humans, animals, plants and non-living matter. While environmentalism focuses more on the environmental and nature-related aspects of green ideology and politics, ecologism combines the ideology of social ecology and environmentalism. Ecologism is more commonly used in continental European languages while \u2018environmentalism\u2019 is more commonly used in English but the words have slightly different connotations."}
{"id": "doc663467", "text": "By the mid-1970s, many felt that people were on the edge of environmental catastrophe. The Back-to-the-land movement started to form and ideas of environmental ethics joined with anti-Vietnam War sentiments and other political issues. These individuals lived outside normal society and started to take on some of the more radical environmental theories such as deep ecology. Around this time more mainstream environmentalism was starting to show force with the signing of the Endangered Species Act in 1973 and the formation of CITES in 1975. Significant amendments were also enacted to the United States Clean Air Act[46] and Clean Water Act.[47]"}
{"id": "doc663483", "text": "On an international level, concern for the environment was the subject of a United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972, attended by 114 nations. Out of this meeting developed UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and the follow-up United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. Other international organizations in support of environmental policies development include the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (as part of NAFTA), the European Environment Agency (EEA), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)."}
{"id": "doc664284", "text": "In 1899, gold was found in Alaska itself in Nome, and several towns subsequently began to be built, such as Fairbanks and Ruby. In 1902, the Alaska Railroad began to be built, which would connect from Seward to Fairbanks by 1914, though Alaska still does not have a railroad connecting it to the lower 48 states today. Still, an overland route was built, cutting transportation times to the contiguous states by days. The industries of copper mining, fishing, and canning began to become popular in the early 20th century, with 10 canneries in some major towns."}
{"id": "doc665070", "text": "Occasionally, Scandinavians choose to use their middle name as their surname in everyday life. So Per Gottfrid Svartholm Warg has Per and Gottfrid as his given names, where Gottfrid, not Per, is his name of address, Svartholm as his middle name and Warg as his last name, but in practice he uses Svartholm as a surname. This usage, however, is unofficial. Historically, a middle name could become part of a double-barreled surname (family name) and hence cease to be a middle name, especially if used for several generations. There are many family names of this kind, which contributes to the confusion about middle names that shall not be hyphenated. Some of these double-barreled surnames are combined with a hyphen, while others are not, so a double surname without a hyphen can sometimes be indistinguishable from a middle name followed by a family name."}
{"id": "doc666493", "text": "G. Over Busts on the Ends representation of Arctic & Antarctic Circles on Top Frame."}
{"id": "doc666653", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la B\u00eate) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Am\u00e9ricaine et les contes marins (The Young American and Marine Tales).[1] Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published first by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants[2] (Children's Collection) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889, to produce the version(s) most commonly retold.[1] It was influenced by some earlier stories, such as \"Cupid and Psyche\", written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD, and \"The Pig King\", an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola.[3]"}
{"id": "doc667292", "text": "While this practice is common in the U.S., it is relatively rare elsewhere. In the U.K., successive codes of best practice have recommended against duality.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc668687", "text": "Later in 1941, the first Liberators entered RAF service. This model introduced self-sealing fuel tanks, a 2\u00a0ft 7\u00a0in (79\u00a0cm) plug in the forward fuselage to create more space for crew members and, more vitally, ever more equipment such as ASV MkII radar (anticipated early in the Liberator's development when Reuben Fleet told the engineering team he had a gut feeling the nose was too short). The Mark II was the first Liberator to be equipped with powered turrets, one plane having them installed before leaving San Diego, the remainder having them installed in the field: four Browning Boulton Paul A-type Mk IV with 600 rounds of .303 in the dorsal position; and a Boulton Paul E-type Mk II with 2200 rounds in the tail (later increased to 2500 rounds), supplemented by pairs of guns at the waist position, a single gun in the nose and another in the belly, for a total of fourteen guns. The offensive armament was slightly raised to 64,250 pounds, the maximum altitude lifted from 21,200 to 24,000 feet but the maximum speed was reduced to 263\u00a0mph, largely as a result of increased drag.[10]"}
{"id": "doc669209", "text": "Nintendo planned a mobile game in its Animal Crossing series among the company's first smartphone releases, as announced in early 2016.[5] The Animal Crossing series was selected for its wide demographic reach.[6] The mobile game was originally scheduled for release later that year but was later delayed,[7] as Nintendo prioritized its release of Super Mario Run.[8] Over the next year, Nintendo experimented with microtransactions in the mobile Fire Emblem Heroes.[9] On October 25, 2017, Nintendo revealed Pocket Camp during a Nintendo Direct presentation as its fourth mobile app.[5][9] It was immediately released in Australia the same day for iOS and Android platforms,[10] and was released worldwide in 41 other countries on November 21, 2017.[4][11] An update in December 2017 brought limited edition Christmas-themed items, such as Santa Claus outfits and Christmas trees.[12]"}
{"id": "doc669751", "text": "The phrase Saturday night special is a colloquial term used in the United States and Canada for any inexpensive handgun, especially a mousegun/pocket pistol. Saturday night specials have been defined as compact, inexpensive, small-caliber handguns with perceived low quality;[1] however, there is no official definition of \"Saturday night special\" under US or Canadian federal law. Some states define \"Saturday night specials\" or \"junk guns\" by means of composition or materials strength. Low cost and high availability make these weapons attractive to many buyers despite their shortcomings. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, they were commonly referred to as suicide specials.[2]"}
{"id": "doc670570", "text": "In the C Standard Library, the character reading functions such as getchar return a value equal to the symbolic value (macro) EOF to indicate that an end-of-file condition has occurred. The actual value of EOF is system-dependent (but is commonly -1, such as in glibc[2]) and is distinct from all valid character codes. Block-reading functions return the number of bytes read, and if this is fewer than asked for, then the end of file was reached or an error occurred (checking of errno or dedicated function, such as ferror is often required to determine which)."}
{"id": "doc671111", "text": "Chalcatzingo, in Valley of Morelos, central Mexico, which features Olmec-style monumental art and rock art with Olmec-style figures."}
{"id": "doc671164", "text": "Olmec-style bas relief \"El Rey\" from Chalcatzingo"}
{"id": "doc671577", "text": "The stories take place in the children's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools. Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure, often involving criminals or lost treasure. Sometimes the scene is set close to George's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset, such as the picturesque Kirrin Island, owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay. George's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers' tunnels."}
{"id": "doc671892", "text": "According to the principle of a numerical majority, the will of the more numerous citizens should always rule, regardless of the burdens on the minority. Such a principle tends toward a consolidation of power in which the interests of the absolute majority always prevail over those of the minority. Calhoun believed that the great achievement of the American constitution was in checking the tyranny of a numerical majority through institutional procedures that required a concurrent majority, such that each important interest in the community must consent to the actions of government. To secure a concurrent majority, those interests that have a numerical majority must compromise with the interests that are in the minority. A concurrent majority requires a unanimous consent of all the major interests in a community, which is the only sure way of preventing tyranny of the majority. This idea supported Calhoun's doctrine of interposition or nullification, in which the state governments could refuse to enforce or comply with a policy of the Federal government that threatened the vital interests of the states.[124]"}
{"id": "doc671969", "text": "and the multiples of 6 are:"}
{"id": "doc671973", "text": "where the denominator 42 was used because it is the least common multiple of 21 and 6."}
{"id": "doc671985", "text": "First, factor each number and express it as a product of prime number powers."}
{"id": "doc672521", "text": "In 1988, Chandler was signed by the American Broadcasting Company and brought to Hollywood as part of ABC's new talent program.[15] He made his television film debut that same year as a supporting hero actor in Quiet Victory. Also in 1988, Chandler studied with acting teacher, Milton Katselas.[16] His first major acting experience was a supporting role on television as Army Private William Griner in Tour of Duty. In eight episodes of the last season of the series, he played a member of a special operations squad fighting in Vietnam."}
{"id": "doc672552", "text": "The film was followed by Seed of Chucky in 2004, Curse of Chucky in 2013 and Cult of Chucky in 2017."}
{"id": "doc672961", "text": "The Kingdom of Israel (or Northern Kingdom, or Samaria) existed as an independent state until 722 BCE when it was conquered by the Assyrian Empire, while the Kingdom of Judah (or Southern Kingdom) existed as an independent state until 586 BCE when it was conquered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc673167", "text": "In his autobiography, Moonwalk, Jackson stated the song was not written with someone in mind, but that he had been thinking of someone when singing the song live."}
{"id": "doc673208", "text": "The United States Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall played an important role in defining the power of the federal and state governments during the early 19th century. As the U.S. Constitution does not specifically define many dividing lines between the layers of government, the Supreme Court settled the issue in New York. The question was answered particularly in the cases, McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden, which broadly expanded the power of the national government."}
{"id": "doc674553", "text": "The origins of the melody come from the world of football. During a 1996 pre-season tour of The Netherlands, Sheffield Wednesday F.C. picked up on a chant sung by the fans of FC Utrecht, with a tune inspired by the folk ballad \"Oh My Darling, Clementine\". This was then adapted and brought back to England for the following 1996\u201397 FA Premier League. The chant was sung extensively at the home game with Nottingham Forest on 18 November 1996 helped by the club's resident band. This was slowly picked up by other clubs in the Premier League, helped by the use of it at England matches (where the Sheffield Wednesday band were now invited to play).[1] Sheffield Wednesday had already lost their \"barmy army\" chant to the England cricket team and also other football clubs.[2] In an effort to either stem this spread of the song (or just to keep it unique), the fans of Sheffield Wednesday added their own lyrics to the theme (which continues to this day).[3]  This happened around the time of the Dario G single release."}
{"id": "doc674595", "text": "Before a scheme can enter the PPF it has to go through a period of assessment. Entry to the assessment period is triggered by a qualifying insolvency event. During assessment a valuation is carried out of the scheme's assets and liabilities. If this valuation finds that the scheme can afford to purchase annuities for members at or above the level of compensation the PPF would provide, then the scheme leaves the PPF assessment to wind up independently. If the scheme cannot afford to purchase such benefits for its members, the assets of the scheme transfer into the Fund and the Board takes over responsibility for paying compensation to members. This process is more complex if the company is a multinational company. In October 2011, the Court of Appeal ruled that Nortel Networks \u00a32.1\u00a0billion pension debts should be considered as \"administration expenses\" rather than an unsecured creditor claim.[7] US courts are likely to regard the claim as dating from the moment of underfunding rather than the administration date and hence the regulator is thought unlikely to be able to recover assets in the US.[7]"}
{"id": "doc674940", "text": "Within the fetal right atrium, blood from the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava flow in separate streams to different locations in the heart, and this has been reported to occur through the Coand\u0103 effect.[11]\nAtriums were previously named 'auricles'"}
{"id": "doc675035", "text": "With Elizabeth's accession, it seemed probable that the royal house would bear her husband's name, becoming the House of Mountbatten, in line with the custom of a wife taking her husband's surname on marriage. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house. The Duke complained, \"I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children.\"[60] In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles.[61]"}
{"id": "doc675067", "text": "The Queen does not intend to abdicate,[185] though Prince Charles is expected to take on more of her workload as Elizabeth, who celebrated her 91st birthday in 2017, carries out fewer public engagements.[186] Plans for her death and funeral have been extensively prepared by most British government and media organisations for decades.[187]"}
{"id": "doc675222", "text": "The Constitution entrusts certain powers to the Senate alone. The President may only nominate for appointment Cabinet officials, judges, and other high officers \"by and with the advice and consent\" of the Senate. The Senate confirms most presidential nominees, but rejections are not uncommon. Furthermore, treaties negotiated by the President must be ratified by a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate to take effect. As a result, presidential arm-twisting of senators can happen before a key vote; for example, President Obama's secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, urged her former senate colleagues to approve a nuclear arms treaty with Russia in 2010.[10] The House of Representatives has no formal role in either the ratification of treaties or the appointment of federal officials, other than filling vacancies in the office of Vice-President; a vote in each House is required to confirm a president's nomination for vice-president if a vacancy happens.[11]"}
{"id": "doc677300", "text": "Nila Gumbad: Standing outside the boundary of the complex is the tomb known as Nila Burj (now known as Nila Gumbad) or 'Blue Dome', so called because it carries striking blue glazed tiles. It was built by Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, son of Bairam Khan also a courtier in Mughal Emperor, Akbar's court, for his servant Miyan Fahim. Fahim, who not only grew up with his son, but later also died alongside one of Rahim's own sons, Feroze khan, while fighting against the rebellion of Mughal general Mahabat Khan in 1625/26, during the reign of Jahangir.[42] This structure is known for its unique architecture, as it is octagonal on the outside while square within; its ceiling is decorated with painted and incised plaster, it has a high neck dome and shows a conspicuous absence of a double dome feature, common to tombs of the period."}
{"id": "doc681775", "text": "Their opponents in the final, played on 26 February, were Southampton, who had beaten Liverpool in the semi-finals. Ibrahimovi\u0107 and Lingard gave United a 2\u20130 lead, only for Manolo Gabbiadini to level the scores with a goal on either side of the half-time break; however, Ibrahimovi\u0107 scored in the 87th minute to give United a 3\u20132 victory."}
{"id": "doc681964", "text": "Joseph Lane for vice president"}
{"id": "doc682295", "text": "Judah prospered in the 7th century BCE, probably in a cooperative arrangement with the Assyrians to establish Judah as an Assyrian vassal (despite a disastrous rebellion against the Assyrian king Sennacherib). However, in the last half of the 7th century Assyria suddenly collapsed, and the ensuing competition between the Egyptian and Neo-Babylonian empires for control of Palestine led to the destruction of Judah in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582.[33]"}
{"id": "doc682548", "text": "Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, persistent truncus arteriosus, and Ebsteins anomaly are various congenital cyanotic heart diseases. Congenital cyanotic heart diseases is where something is wrong with the heart of a newborn and it is not oxygenating the blood efficiently."}
{"id": "doc683218", "text": "Batman & Robin is a 1997 American superhero film based on the DC Comics characters Batman and Robin. It is the fourth and final installment of Warner Bros.' initial Batman film series. The film was directed by Joel Schumacher and written by Akiva Goldsman. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, George Clooney, Chris O'Donnell, Alicia Silverstone, and Uma Thurman. Batman & Robin tells the story of Batman and Robin as they attempt to prevent Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from freezing all mankind to death and repopulating the earth with mutant plants, while at the same time struggling to keep their partnership together. It is also to date the only live-action film appearance of Batgirl, who helps the title characters fight the villains."}
{"id": "doc683357", "text": "The function declaration above is cryptic as it does not clearly show what the function accepts as arguments, or the type that it returns. A novice programmer may even assume that the function accepts a single int as its argument and returns nothing, but in reality it also needs a function pointer and returns another function pointer. It can be written more cleanly:"}
{"id": "doc683358", "text": "A typedef can also be used to simplify the definition of array types. For example,"}
{"id": "doc684238", "text": "Ammon maintained its independence from the Assyrian empire through tribute to the Assyrian king, at a time when nearby kingdoms were being raided or conquered.[3] Inscriptions describe the Ammonite king Baasha ben Ruhubi's army fighting alongside Ahab of Israel and Syrian allies against Shalmaneser III at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC, possibly as vassals of Hadadezer, the Aramaean king of Damascus. In 734 BC the Ammonite king Sanipu was a vassal of Tiglath-Pileser III, and Sanipu's successor Pudu-ilu held the same position under Sennacherib and Esarhaddon.[4] An Assyrian tribute-list exists from this period, showing that Ammon paid one-fifth as much tribute as Judah did.[5]"}
{"id": "doc686526", "text": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third Place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth Place"}
{"id": "doc688403", "text": "That I should rise and you should not"}
{"id": "doc688472", "text": "The United States House of Representatives also allows points of order and appeals.[10]"}
{"id": "doc688749", "text": "The creators' first choice for the role of Monica was comedian Janeane Garofalo. Cox had originally been offered the role of Rachel but declined in favor of playing the character's best friend Monica because she was drawn to her strong personality. Meanwhile, the role of Rachel went to actress Jennifer Aniston, Cox's co-star to whom the role of Monica had originally been offered. Before Friends aired, Monica's characterization was greatly debated among writers in regards to the character sleeping with a man on their first date during the pilot. Kauffman in particular greatly defended Monica, arguing with NBC executive Don Ohlmeyer over whether or not this would make the character too promiscuous. Ultimately, the episode aired unchanged after the studio surveyed the audience, the results of which returned in favor of Monica's existing storyline. The character's struggles with childhood obesity, challenges with romantic relationships and complicated relationship with her mother would eventually become popular staples of the show."}
{"id": "doc688882", "text": "-powiemy (We will say, we will be saying)"}
{"id": "doc689012", "text": "Maternal blood flow is approximately 600\u2013700\u00a0ml/min at term."}
{"id": "doc689060", "text": "In 2003, the 7th and 8th levels \u2013 named for leaves of the Paulownia tree, long used as a mon (emblem) for the highest levels of Japanese society \u2013 were moved to a new and distinct order, the single-class Order of the Paulownia Flowers.[5]"}
{"id": "doc690000", "text": "All Eyez on Me is the fourth studio album by American rapper 2Pac (and the last to be released during his lifetime), released on February 13, 1996 by Death Row and Interscope Records. The album features the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"How Do U Want It\" and \"California Love\". It featured five singles in all, the most of any of Shakur's albums. Moreover, All Eyez on Me made history as the first double-full-length hip-hop solo studio album released for mass consumption globally."}
{"id": "doc690001", "text": "All Eyez on Me was the second album by 2Pac to chart at number one on both the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, selling 566,000 copies in the first week. The album won the 1997 Soul Train R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Award posthumously.[1][2] Shakur also won the Award for Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist at the 24th Annual American Music Awards. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA on July 23, 2014, eighteen years after Shakur's death,[3][4] with shipments of over 5 million copies (each disc in the double album counted as a separate unit for certification)."}
{"id": "doc690213", "text": "Despite extensive negotiations between the BBC and the Cuban Government, it was not possible to obtain permission to film in Cuba, so the series was actually shot in the Dominican Republic."}
{"id": "doc690618", "text": "Historians[which?] commonly use the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and the toleration/promotion of Christianity by Emperor Constantine I (reigned 306\u2013337) in the Roman Empire to mark the end of early Christianity and the beginning of the era of the first seven Ecumenical Councils (325\u2013787)."}
{"id": "doc691881", "text": "The rhyme was first recorded by James Orchard Halliwell in the 1840s and gained popularity in the early twentieth century.[2] One legend suggests[3] that this nursery rhyme originated in the once prosperous wool merchant\u2019s village of Lavenham, about 70 miles northeast of London, having been inspired by its multicolored half-timbered houses leaning at irregular angles as if they are supporting each other. Other sources[4] state that the poem originates from British history, specifically the period of the English Stuart King Charles I of England (1600\u20131649). The crooked man is reputed to be the Scottish General Sir Alexander Leslie, who signed a covenant securing religious and political freedom for Scotland. The \"crooked stile\" in the poem was the border between England and Scotland. \"They all lived together in a little crooked house\" refers to the fact that the English and Scots had at last come to an agreement, despite continuing great animosity between the two peoples, who nonetheless had to live with each other due to their common border."}
{"id": "doc692525", "text": "The C language also exhibits the following characteristics:"}
{"id": "doc692555", "text": "Historically, embedded C programming requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations."}
{"id": "doc692559", "text": "As an imperative language, C uses statements to specify actions. The most common statement is an expression statement, consisting of an expression to be evaluated, followed by a semicolon; as a side effect of the evaluation, functions may be called and variables may be assigned new values. To modify the normal sequential execution of statements, C provides several control-flow statements identified by reserved keywords. Structured programming is supported by if(-else) conditional execution and by do-while, while, and for iterative execution (looping). The for statement has separate initialization, testing, and reinitialization expressions, any or all of which can be omitted. break and continue can be used to leave the innermost enclosing loop statement or skip to its reinitialization. There is also a non-structured goto statement which branches directly to the designated label within the function. switch selects a case to be executed based on the value of an integer expression."}
{"id": "doc692575", "text": "A standard-conforming \"hello, world\" program is:[a]"}
{"id": "doc692580", "text": "The closing curly brace indicates the end of the code for the main function. According to the C99 specification and newer, the main function, unlike any other function, will implicitly return a value of 0 upon reaching the } that terminates the function. (Formerly an explicit return 0; statement was required.) This is interpreted by the run-time system as an exit code indicating successful execution.[30]"}
{"id": "doc693223", "text": "Principal photography on the film began in Los Angeles on May 27, 2015.[5] Filming was taking place in a cafe on June 4, 2015 in East Los Angeles.[6]"}
{"id": "doc693852", "text": "The credit provider will not get back the money lent or property sold, and the court does not have a discretion to order this. This is a drastic remedy and a departure from the common law. It was not previously available in the case of unregistered micro-lenders, and is a significant new remedy readily available to consumers."}
{"id": "doc695124", "text": "For example, given the equatorial circumference of the Earth is about 7007400750000000000\u266040075\u00a0km and c about 7008300000000000000\u2660300000\u00a0km/s, the theoretical shortest time for a piece of information to travel half the globe along the surface is about 67 milliseconds. When light is travelling around the globe in an optical fibre, the actual transit time is longer, in part because the speed of light is slower by about 35% in an optical fibre, depending on its refractive index n.[Note 8] Furthermore, straight lines rarely occur in global communications situations, and delays are created when the signal passes through an electronic switch or signal regenerator.[76]"}
{"id": "doc695983", "text": "Examples of character literals in C syntax are:"}
{"id": "doc696366", "text": "Mona's confession creates enough doubt to allow Ashley to be released on bail. The bail is very high, but in the end Pastor Ted pays it. Ashley must remain under house arrest, though. Mona is released from jail due to insufficient evidence to back up her confession. She ends up being placed back at the Radley Sanitarium. Aria and Jake take their relationship to the next level. Emily finds Jenna nearly drowned in the lake at Emily's birthday party. At the hospital, Shana reveals to Spencer that the person Jenna is afraid of is CeCe Drake. Red Coat is seen walking towards the DiLaurentis House at night. She waits until the lights go off in the house and goes under the porch and unscrews a panel, leading to a secret place."}
{"id": "doc697071", "text": "In earlier versions of C, if a function was not previously declared and its name occurred in an expression followed by a left parenthesis, it was implicitly declared as a function that returns an int and nothing was assumed about its arguments. In this case the compiler would not be able to perform compile-time checking of argument types and Syntax arity when the function was applied to some arguments. This can cause problems. The following code illustrates a situation in which the behavior of an implicitly declared function is undefined."}
{"id": "doc698033", "text": "At Al's apartment, Woody learns that he is based on a 1950s[9] television show called Woody's Roundup, and that along with the other Roundup toys \u2013 Jessie, Bullseye, and Stinky Pete the Prospector \u2013 he is set to be sold to a toy museum in Tokyo, Japan. While the others are excited about going, Woody intends to return home to Andy. Stinky Pete explains that the museum is only interested in the collection if it is complete, and without Woody, they will be returned to storage."}
{"id": "doc698039", "text": "Talk of a sequel to Toy Story began around a month after the film's opening, in December 1995.[10] A few days after the original film's release, Lasseter was traveling with his family and found a young boy clutching a Woody doll at an airport. Lasseter described how the boy's excitement to show it to his father touched him deeply. Lasseter realized that his character no longer belonged to him only, but rather it belonged to others, as well. The memory was a defining factor in the production of Toy Story 2, with Lasseter moved to create a great film for that child and for everyone else who loved the characters.[11]"}
{"id": "doc698043", "text": "Secondary characters in Woody's set were inspired by 1950s cowboy shows for children, such as Howdy Doody and Hopalong Cassidy.[15] The development of Jessie was kindled by Lasseter's wife Nancy, who pressed him to include a strong female character in the sequel, one with more substance than Bo Peep.[15] The scope for the original Toy Story was basic and only extended over two residential homes, whereas Toy Story 2 has been described by Unkrich as something \"all over the map\".[11]"}
{"id": "doc698048", "text": "Whilst producing Toy Story, the crew was careful in creating new locations, working within available technology at that time. By production on Toy Story 2, technology had advanced farther to allow more complicated camera shots than were possible in the first film.[11] In making the sequel, the team at Pixar did not want to stray too far from the first film's look, but the company had developed a lot of new software since the first feature had been completed.[18] To achieve the dust visible after Woody is placed on top of a shelf, the crew was faced with the challenge of animating dust, an incredibly difficult task. After much experimentation, a tiny particle of dust was animated and the computer distributed that image throughout the entire shelf. Over two million dust particles are in place on the shelf in the completed film.[19]"}
{"id": "doc698075", "text": "The film was followed by Toy Story 3, released in 2010. In the film, Andy's toys are accidentally donated to a day-care center as he prepares to leave for college. A second sequel, Toy Story 4 will be released on June 21, 2019.[81] The story will follow the toys in a quest to find Bo Peep, who did not appear in the third film except during flashback footage.[82]"}
{"id": "doc698895", "text": "Interest rates on unsecured loans are nearly always higher than for secured loans because an unsecured lender's options for recourse against the borrower in the event of default are severely limited, subjecting the lender to higher risk compared to that encountered for a secured loan. An unsecured lender must sue the borrower, obtain a money judgment for breach of contract, and then pursue execution of the judgment against the borrower's unencumbered assets (that is, the ones not already pledged to secured lenders). In insolvency proceedings, secured lenders traditionally have priority over unsecured lenders when a court divides up the borrower's assets. Thus, a higher interest rate reflects the additional risk that in the event of insolvency, the debt may be uncollectible."}
{"id": "doc699194", "text": "The most common decay mode of a radioisotope of zinc with mass number higher than 66 is beta decay (\u03b2\u2212), which produces an isotope of gallium.[30]"}
{"id": "doc700971", "text": "In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later. Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma. Additional games have since been added. These games work on the 6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano."}
{"id": "doc702263", "text": "In part, secrecy was maintained by the way scripts were written. Performers were given the first two scripts at the start of principal photography, but additional scripts were written only after Chibnall had observed the actors bringing their characters to life.[17] Once the scripts for episodes six, seven, and eight were finished, they were released all at once over a single weekend[16][17][30]\u00e2\u20ac\u201dbut only to those crew and cast who had a need to know.[46] Even after the final three scripts were distributed, just 29 people knew the killer's identity while the final episodes were filmed.[33] This included the four cast members critical to the \"reveal\".[47] Actor Oskar McNamara, who played Danny Latimer, was informed about the killer's identity several days in advance, in part so that he could prepare and in part so the scene could be choreographed and rehearsed.[16] Chibnall informed the remaining three key actors about the murderer's identity during late-night phone calls just hours before they were due on the set to receive their scripts.[46] These three episodes were then shot together.[16]"}
{"id": "doc702815", "text": "The Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) is the former name of the railroad network built between California and Utah, US, that built eastwards from the West Coast in the 1860s, to complete the western part of the \"First Transcontinental Railroad\" in North America. It is now part of the Union Pacific Railroad."}
{"id": "doc702902", "text": "Michael Jackson recorded his own version of \"Rockin' Robin\" in 1972, which was released as a single from his gold-certified solo album titled Got to Be There. It was the biggest hit from the album, hitting no. 1 on the Cash Box singles chart and peaking at no. 2 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts."}
{"id": "doc703485", "text": "Principal photography on the film began on October 21, 2015, in Hollywood North, then in Anaheim, California.[10][11] Filming also took place in the Metro Vancouver area, then at Guildford Park Secondary School and near Guildford Town Centre in Surrey, British Columbia. Port Moody was also shown, with the film festival taking place in City Hall.[12] Filming wrapped on December 3, 2015.[13]"}
{"id": "doc703623", "text": "The 2018 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic Coast Conference held at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York from March 6\u201310, 2018. It was the 65th annual edition of the tournament, and the second year in a row being held at Barclays Center. The Virginia Cavaliers entered the tournament as the top seed, with a 17\u20131 conference record (28\u20132 overall) under the guidance of Tony Bennett. UVA also began the tournament unanimously ranked No. 1 in the country in both major polls."}
{"id": "doc703683", "text": "The origin of the common epithet \"double yellow-headed\" is that this species is differentiated from the others in the yellow-headed amazon complex by possessing both the yellow nape and yellow crown of its two close relatives, hence a \"double-yellow\" head.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc703698", "text": "Belle's strength and love of reading was inspired by American actress Katharine Hepburn's performance as Jo March in the film Little Women (1933), while the writers instilled the adventure-seeking heroine with goals and aspirations beyond romance. However, the story artists and animators often disagreed with Woolverton's liberated vision for the character. Animated by James Baxter and Mark Henn, the former of whom based the character's graceful gait on those of impressionist Edgar Degas' ballerinas, Belle's European facial features were inspired by those of British actresses Vivien Leigh and Audrey Hepburn. Several additional Hollywood actresses inspired Belle's appearance, including Natalie Wood, Elizabeth Taylor, and Grace Kelly."}
{"id": "doc703701", "text": "Before Beauty and the Beast, Disney's tradition of depicting female characters as victims had already long been established.[9] The fact that Belle was hardly depicted as a feminist in earlier versions of the film became a point of contention among the filmmakers.[10] Despite the fact that Disney wanted Beauty and the Beast to resemble an old-fashioned film, the filmmakers envisioned Belle as \"a woman that was ahead of her time\".[11] As the first woman in the history of Disney to write a feature-length animated film,[12] Woolverton decided to explore Belle as an opportunity to create a female character who would ultimately be better received than Disney's previous animated heroines, specifically Ariel from The Little Mermaid.[7][13][14] Woolverton was aware that the task would be particularly challenging due to the previous character's popularity,[14] but fought relentlessly to make sure that she was creating \"a new kind of Disney heroine.\"[15] Inspired by the women's rights movement Woolverton herself had experienced during the 1960s and 1970s,[9] the screenwriter was determined to avoid creating another \"insipid\" Disney princess and decided to conceive Belle as a headstrong feminist.[14] Woolverton strongly believed that contemporary audiences would not identify with Belle unless she was updated appropriately,[9] and thus evolved the character into \"a woman of the '90s\".[16] The screenwriter refused to watch Jean Cocteau's 1946 film adaptation of the fairy tale and chose to base Belle on American actress Katharine Hepburn's portrayal of Jo March in the 1933 film adaptation of Louisa May Alcott's book Little Women instead,[12][17] who she felt was \"a real depiction of womanhood.\"[18] Similarly, story artist Brenda Chapman drew influence from Hepburn's on-screen bickering with actor Spencer Tracy during the scene in which Belle tends to the Beast's wounds.[19]"}
{"id": "doc703702", "text": "Animator Mark Henn observed that, unlike Ariel, Belle does not \"fall in love at first sight\"; instead \"there's an actual relationship you see grow\".[20] In the original fairy tale, Belle has two selfish sisters who both have their own respective love interests, all of whom Woolverton omitted from the screenplay in favor of focusing solely on Belle's relationship with Gaston.[21] At one point, Belle had a younger sister named Clarice and a cruel aunt named Marguerite,[22] both of whom were discarded[23] \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Clarice to emphasize Belle's loneliness,[24] and Marguerite to be replaced by Gaston as the film's villain.[22] Woolverton also eliminated the subplot of Belle asking her father for a rose.[9] Despite constant \"regressive\" re-writes,[15] Woolverton's overall vision for Belle generally remained intact.[9] Beauty and the Beast's story department was predominantly male, a time during which few women were involved.[25] Woolverton often found herself at odds and disagreeing with the more traditional story artists in regards to Belle's role in the film,[26][27] but continued to be supported by Katzenberg and lyricist Howard Ashman.[27]"}
{"id": "doc703705", "text": "30 years-old at the time of her audition, O'Hara consequently imbued Belle's voice with a mature, \"womanly quality\" despite the character's young age.[11][33] Woolverton appreciated the fact that O'Hara sounded more mature than traditional Disney heroines.[38][45] Additionally, O'Hara identified with her character because they were both ostracized by their peers throughout their childhood because of their unconventional interests,[38] explaining, \"I was odd growing up myself. I mean, I was into musical theater and Gershwin and Rodgers and Hammerstein while people were going to Led Zeppelin concerts. So I understood that ... I wasn't the norm either. I was very focused on my career, on my performing all through my childhood and my teens ... I had a one-track mind, and I think that Belle was like that a lot.\"[11] O'Hara also shares Belle's interest in reading.[35] Wise was pleased with the quality of O'Hara's voice, which reminded him of Garland.[35][41] O'Hara initially found it challenging to control her speaking volume due to having been trained to project as a stage actress. O'Hara told The Guardian that to solve this she \"softened and used the microphone.\" As per the filmmakers' encouragement,[39] the actress would occasionally ad-lib her own dialogue, none was included in the final film because it sounded \"too modern\".[46] The animators would videotape O'Hara daily while she recorded to incorporate her \"quirky\" mannerisms, expressions and gestures into the character, among them her hair constantly falling into her eyes.[34] O'Hara and American actor Robby Benson, who provides the voice of the Beast, asked Disney to allow the co-stars to record together as opposed to the traditional method of being isolated in a recording booth, to which the studio agreed despite its costliness.[47] O'Hara credited the filmmaker's decision with developing both the film and Belle and the Beast's relationship.[11] O'Hara and Benson became the first Disney voice actors to record together.[43] In total, the recording process took over two years to complete.[38] O'Hara had already been friends with co-star Richard White, who voices Gaston, for 15 years.[39] Despite her successful stage career, O'Hara was virtually unknown to Hollywood audiences when she was cast in Beauty and the Beast; she was one of the last obscure actresses to be cast in a feature-length Disney animated film before the studio began casting better known talent in subsequent animated projects.[37]"}
{"id": "doc703706", "text": "Since the November 1991 release of Beauty and the Beast, O'Hara has returned to The Walt Disney Company on several occasions to voice Belle in a variety of media and merchandise, including its direct-to-video sequels Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997), Belle's Magical World (1998) and Belle's Tales of Friendship (1999), as well as various video game releases such as the Kingdom Hearts series and several audio and video recordings associated with the Disney Princess franchise.[32] Additionally, O'Hara was hired by Disney to perform the song \"Belle\" at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992.[48] O'Hara has referred to the studio as her \"main employer for 20 years\".[49] In 2011,[50] O'Hara was officially replaced by actress Julie Nathanson, who first voiced Belle in the video game Kinect Disneyland Adventures (2011).[51][52][53] O'Hara revealed to the Las Vegas Review-Journal that news of the replacement greatly upset her to the point of which she was willing to re-record much of Belle's dialogue in an attempt to prove to the company that she is still capable of voicing the character. However, O'Hara eventually admitted that she found the process quite difficult as a result of the way in which her voice has changed over the course of 20 years.[49] In July 2017, it was announced that O'Hara would return as the voice of Belle in the 2018 film Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2.[54]"}
{"id": "doc703711", "text": "Actress and model Sherri Stoner served as the performance model for Belle, providing live-action reference for the animators as they drew the character.[76] Belle's tendency to constantly brush her hair away from her face was also inspired by both Stoner and O'Hara.[42] \"I was constantly doing that and little quirky things that they would catch,\" O'Hara told The Guardian.[42] The animators also incorporated O'Hara's eyes, cheekbones and the way in which she raises her eyebrow into Belle's face.[48] O'Hara felt that Belle originally looked \"too perfect,\" likening the character's appearance to actresses Elizabeth Taylor and Angelina Jolie.[38] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Charles Solomon observed inconsistencies in Belle's appearance, writing, \"The prettiest and liveliest Belle waltzes with Beast in his marble ballroom and weeps over his body before he's transformed into the Prince\" while \"The Belle who receives the library from Beast has wider-set eyes and a more prominent mouth than the noticeably slimmer Belle who sings 'Something There'\".[77]"}
{"id": "doc703714", "text": "Belle debuted in Beauty and the Beast (1991) as a beautiful bibliophile[94][95] who, although praised by her fellow villagers for her unrivaled beauty, is at the same time ridiculed for her intelligence and non-conformity. Having grown weary of her uneventful provincial life, in which she is relentlessly romantically pursued by an arrogant hunter named Gaston, Belle longs for adventure. After her father's horse returns without its rider, she willingly ventures into the woods in search of her father. She persuades the Beast that she will trade her own freedom in return for her father's, since her father is ill in the dungeon, promising to remain with the Beast in his castle among his staff of enchanted objects forever. Belle's curiosity leads her to the forbidden west wing where she discovers an enchanted rose without realizing that it is tied to the Beast's fate; and the Beast's rage at her trespassing causes her to flee the castle on horseback. Belle is pursued by wolves in the woods but they are driven off by the Beast, afterwards Belle helps the injured Beast back to the castle and nurses him back to health. Although she initially dislikes her captor, Belle gradually learns to accept the Beast in spite of his appearance and eventually befriends him. Belle and the Beast's strong bond greatly envies Gaston to the point of which he storms the castle and mortally wounds the Beast, though Gaston falls to his own death in the process. However, Belle confesses her love for the Beast just in time to break the spell under which he had been placed by an enchantress as punishment for his selfish ways, and the Beast ultimately transforms back into a handsome prince.[96]"}
{"id": "doc703715", "text": "In Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997), Belle attempts to reignite the castle's waning spirit by reintroducing and celebrating Christmas, in spite of the Beast's strong resentment towards the holiday. Meanwhile, a solemn pipe organ named Forte grows determined to sabotage Belle and the Beast's burgeoning friendship because he longs to maintain his co-dependent relationship with his master. Tricked by Forte into retrieving a large Christmas tree from a frozen pond, Belle nearly drowns, only to be rescued by the Beast. The Beast, however, having been misinformed by Forte, wrongly accuses Belle of trying to escape again, and locks her in the dungeon as punishment. When the Beast finally discovers the truth, they forgive each other, and Belle helps him thwart Forte's plan to destroy the castle.[97] Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World (1998), depicts Belle as she interacts with both the Beast and his enchanted servants in various segments, exploring themes such as forgiveness, friendship, cooperation and respect.[98]"}
{"id": "doc703717", "text": "Belle appeared in the animated television series Disney's House of Mouse and its direct-to-video films Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse and Mickey's House of Villains.[52] In the television series, Belle is voiced by American actress and singer Jodi Benson, while O'Hara reprises her role in the film.[52][100][101]"}
{"id": "doc703719", "text": "In January 2015, English actress Emma Watson announced that she will be portraying Belle in a live-action adaptation of the film,[107] which was released in 2017.[108] Beauty and the Beast is the first of the Disney remakes in which an A-list actress portrays a Disney princess, as all previous Disney live-action adaptations used then-unknowns. As a feminist and model, Watson suggested several changes to the character in the live-action film. For costume design Watson rejected the traditional \"big princess dress\" and corset for the golden gown as that would have reduced her mobility, with the gown seen as crucial for marketing the film, while for the village scenes she requested boots instead of ballet slippers to give the character more ruggednes. Nonetheless Belle's attire in the live-action remake largely stays true to its animated predecessor.[109][110]"}
{"id": "doc703721", "text": "Belle appeared in the Broadway musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast. The role was originated by actress Susan Egan,[113] who was initially reluctant to audition for Beauty and the Beast because she \"thought it was a terrible idea for Disney to put a cartoon on Broadway.\"[114] However, her agent managed to convince her otherwise,[114] and Egan ultimately turned down callbacks for roles in the musicals My Fair Lady, Carousel and Grease in favor of starring as Belle in Beauty and the Beast because she had always wanted to originate a Broadway role.[115] Egan had never watched Beauty and the Beast prior to her audition,[115] relying solely on \"her own creative instincts\" instead.[114] Egan's performance earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical at the 48th Tony Awards.[116] A total of seventeen actresses have portrayed Belle in the Broadway musical, among them recording artists Debbie Gibson and Toni Braxton, The Sopranos' Jamie-Lynn Sigler, and Disney Channel alumnae Christy Carlson Romano and Anneliese van der Pol,[117] the latter of whom became Broadway's final Belle when the show ended its thirteen-year-long run in 2007.[118] Actress Sarah Litzsinger remains Broadway's longest-running Belle.[119]"}
{"id": "doc703723", "text": "Belle along with Beast and Chip appeared at the 64th Academy Awards as presenters for Best Animated Short Feature. She also makes a brief cameo appearance in Disney's 34th animated feature film The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) during the \"Out There\" musical sequence.[131]"}
{"id": "doc703728", "text": "Belle has garnered widespread acclaim from film critics,[136][137][138] several of whom voiced their preference for the character over her predecessor, Ariel from The Little Mermaid.[138] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post described Belle as a \"compelling\" character who is \"more mature, more womanly and less blandly asexual\" than Ariel, as well as \"a more worldly girl\", describing her as \"a bookworm, with gumption and a mind of her own.\"[139] Similarly comparing Belle to Ariel, John Hartl of The Seattle Times wrote that, in Beauty and the Beast, \"there's rarely a sense of deja vu, perhaps because the heroine is so different from 'Mermaid's' dependent Ariel, and her dilemma is more poignant,\"[140] while Boxoffice scribed, \"Undoubtedly in response to criticism that the cute little 'Mermaid' Ariel was nothing more than a precocious sexpot, the idea-people behind this beauty\u2014aptly named Belle ... chose to make her an icon of self-reliance and a voracious reader with a curiosity and love for everything around her.\"[141] Jennie Punter of The Globe and Mail extolled Belle as a \"smart, courageous ... 'take-charge kind of gal',\" while crowning her the \"main attraction of Beauty and the Beast.\"[142] Emma Cochrane of Empire hailed Belle as \"a feminist heroine who [is] more rounded than previous Disney characters\",[143] while Paste's Annlee Ellingson similarly enjoyed the character's \"feminist kick.\"[144] Stephen Hunter of The Baltimore Sun wrote that \"Belle ... is no passive fairy tale princess, but a real live girl, with a spunky personality and her own private agenda.\"[145] TV Guide wrote that \"The familiar narrative is strengthened by the independent, self-assured character of Belle,\" concluding, \"Unlike Disney heroines from Snow White through Ariel, Belle is smart, knows what she wants, and doesn't spend her time pining away for the love of a handsome prince.\"[146] Marc Bernardin of Entertainment Weekly praised Belle's heroism, dubbing her \"the hero\" of Beauty and the Beast,[147] while Entertainment Weekly's Christian Blauvelt opined, \"Unlike previous Disney heroines who needed to be rescued by a prince themselves, Belle not only saves the Beast's life, she saves his soul.\"[148] TLC's Vicki Arkoff received Belle as a \"smart\" and \"sharp-tongued\" heroine, crediting the character for \"break[ing] Disney's passive-princess mold.\"[149] About.com's David Nusair described Belle as an \"admirable\" heroine.[150] AllMovie's Don Kaye and Perry Seibert echoed each other's reviews of the character, with Kaye describing both Belle and the Beast as \"three-dimensional ... complex individuals who defy stereotyping and change over the course of the story,\"[151] and Seibert calling Belle a \"strong female character\" who \"sidesteps most of the clich\u00e9s surrounding Disney heroines.\"[152] Common Sense Media hailed Belle as \"one of Disney's smartest, most independent heroines.\"[153]"}
{"id": "doc703731", "text": "[T]he movie ... present[ed] audiences with a willful female protagonist that was firmly in control of her romantic destiny and regularly placed reading books above chasing after boys. And it's true that in that respect at least, Belle stood in stark contrast to past Disney heroines ... Still, the filmmakers didn't do the character any favors by swapping out that boy crazy trait for a pronounced maternalistic streak that comes across as a little creepy. Besides being utterly devoted to her father, Belle's relationship with the Beast possesses a distinctly mother/toddler dynamic ... Their romance also lacks spark because \u00e2\u20ac\u201c due to the fundamental set-up of the narrative ... it's always clear that he needs her far more than she needs him. Particularly when compared to some of the dynamic animated heroines that came after her ... today Belle can't help but seem ... bland."}
{"id": "doc703733", "text": "Commentators have generally reacted more cynically towards Belle's relationship with the film's male characters, particularly the Beast, questioning its morality. Writing for the University of Central Florida, Faith Dickens felt that after Belle's introduction, the character becomes little more than \"a vehicle for exploring the Beast's dilemmas,\" while her initial pining for adventure is replaced by romance. Dickens went on to criticize the fact that while Belle appears to be \"perfect the way she is,\" the Beast \"need[s] to be reformed.\"[164] Anna E. Altmann, author of Tales, Then and Now: More Folktales as Literary Fictions for Young Adults, disliked the fact that Belle appears to share a motherly relationship with both the Beast and Maurice. Altman also panned the fact that Belle's interest in reading appears to be limited to fairy tales, ultimately dismissing the character as little more than \"a feisty North American version of\" Beaumont's heroine.[160] Orange Coast writer Henry A. Giroux felt that Belle serves as little more than \"a prop for resolving the Beast's problems.\"[174] Sonia Saraiya of Nerve ranked Belle the sixth most feminist Disney Princess, writing that, unlike Ariel, \"Belle's sass doesn't come from teenage rebellion, but rather from intellectual acuity.\" Saraiya commended Belle for resisting \"her village's expectations of what her life should look like,\" crediting her with being \"the first princess to express some skepticism about married life.\" While calling Belle's sacrifice \"brave,\" the author also labeled it \"not much of a step for womankind,\" in the end accusing her of falling \"for a domineering man.\"[175] Similarly, Kit Steinkellner of HelloGiggles expressed concern over the \"abusive undercurrents running through Belle and Beast\u2019s relationship.\"[88] Meanwhile, Bustle's Mary Grace Garis also commended Belle's aspirations and love of reading, but criticized her relationship with the Beast, concluding, \"Though the \u201990s showed a move toward princesses wanting to buck conventions and free themselves from their fathers (or the town misogynist) the endgame is the still the same, elaborating, \"When the movie ends, they\u2019re still solidly with a man, their dreams of adventure abandoned. Therefore, the Disney renaissance is characterized more by theoretical want of adventure rather than a genuine pursuit.\"[176]"}
{"id": "doc703736", "text": "Belle helped establish Woolverton as a \"legendary screenwriter\";[18] the writer continues to be commended for her dedication to creating strong female characters; ever since Belle, the majority of Woolverton's female characters have been headstrong, independent women, namely Nala in The Lion King (1994), Mulan in Mulan (1998), Alice in Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Maleficent in Maleficent (2014).[14] Susan Wloszczyna of Indiewire wrote that \"Woolverton set a new standard for fully fleshed-out fairy-tale heroines ... with Belle\",[25] in turn paving the way for The Hunger Games' Katniss Everdeen, and Frozen's Anna and Elsa (2013).[14] Woolverton remains protective of Belle,[15] explaining, \"[she] was my first-born child, so there\u2019s a little bit of possessiveness, which really I had to let it go\".[27][215] Beauty and the Beast, Belle performs the film's opening number, \"Belle\", which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992.[216] In 1998, O'Hara was nominated for an Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production for reprising her role as Belle in the second of Beauty and the Beast's three direct-to-video sequels, Belle's Magical World.[217] To commemorate her work on Beauty and the Beast and various contributions to Disney, O'Hara was honored with a Disney Legends award on August 19, 2011.[218] Disney hired Spanish actress Pen\u00e9lope Cruz to pose as Belle in photographer Annie Leibovitz's Disney Dream Portrait Series,[219] while actor Jeff Bridges posed as the Beast.[220] The Daily Mail described the image as Cruz \"wearing Belle's gorgeous yellow gown and being lifted high into the air by her prince,\"[221] accompanied by the phrase \"Where a moment of beauty lasts forever.\"[222]"}
{"id": "doc704392", "text": "In 1960, Swenson appeared in an episode (\"Odyssey of Hate\") on the CBS adventure/action drama series Mr. Lucky. The same year, he was cast in the NBC science fiction series The Man and the Challenge.[citation needed] He appeared twice in the NBC western series, Klondike in the 1960-1961 season and guest starred in two other western series, CBS's Johnny Ringo and NBC's Jefferson Drum. He appeared in films such as North To Alaska (1960) as  Lars Nordquist, One Foot in Hell (1960), Flaming Star (1960), Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), Walk on the Wild Side (1962), The Spiral Road (1962), and Lonely Are the Brave (1962) as Rev. Hoskins, a prison inmate.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc704395", "text": "From 1962 through 1973 Swenson made guest appearance on the TV series Lassie in the episodes \"The Nest\" (1962), \"Crossroad\" (1964), \"In the Eyes of Lassie\" (1965), \"The Homeless\" (1967), \"A Time for Decision\" (1967), \"Hanford's Point\" (1968), \"Other Pastures, Other Fences\" (1971) and later would become a regular playing Karl Burkholm in Season 18 and 19. He is also remembered for his role as the doomsayer in the diner in Alfred Hitchcock's classic The Birds (1963) and had roles in The Prize (1963), Major Dundee (1965), The Sons of Katie Elder (1965), The Cincinnati Kid (1965) and Seconds (1966). Swenson made four guest appearances on Perry Mason, including the part of defendant Axel Norstaad, a Danish woodshop owner in the 1961 episode, \"The Case of the Tarnished Trademark\", and an ex-convict in the 1963 episode, \"The Case of the Bigamous Spouse.\" From 1959 through 1967 Swenson made guest appearance on the TV series Bonanza in the episodes \"Death on Sun Mountain\" (1959), \"Day of Reckoning\" (1960), \"A Natural Wizard\" (1965) and \"Showdown at Tahoe\" (1967)."}
{"id": "doc704819", "text": "SEC. 208. The right of any person to any future payment under this title shall not be transferable or assignable, at law or in equity, and none of the moneys paid or payable or rights existing under this title shall be subject to execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, or other legal process, or to the operation of any bankruptcy or insolvency law."}
{"id": "doc705226", "text": "He went on to say:"}
{"id": "doc705952", "text": "Oxygenated blood is delivered to the fetus via the umbilical vein from the placenta, which is anchored to the wall of the mother's uterus. The chorion acts as a barrier between the maternal and fetal circulation so that there is no admixture of maternal and fetal blood. Blood in the maternal circulation is delivered via open ended arterioles to the intervillous space of the chorionic plate, where it bathes the chorionic villi that carry umbilical capillary beds, thereby allowing gas exchange to occur between the maternal and fetal circulation. Deoxygenated maternal blood drains into open ended intervillous venules to return to maternal circulation. Due to the admixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, maternal blood in the intervillous space is lower in oxygen than arterial blood. As such, fetal hemoglobin must be able to bind oxygen with greater affinity than adult hemoglobin in order to compensate for the relatively lower oxygen tension of the maternal blood supplying the chorion."}
{"id": "doc706930", "text": "Shunting refers to blood that bypasses the pulmonary circulation, meaning that the blood does not receive oxygen from the alveoli. In general, a shunt may be within the heart or lungs, and cannot be corrected by administering oxygen alone. Shunting may occur in normal states:"}
{"id": "doc707795", "text": "Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through a microscope. This is because the thick peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall retains the stain after it is washed away from the rest of the sample, in the decolorization stage of the test."}
{"id": "doc707796", "text": "Gram-negative bacteria cannot retain the violet stain after the decolorization step; alcohol used in this stage degrades the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells, making the cell wall more porous and incapable of retaining the crystal violet stain. Their peptidoglycan layer is much thinner and sandwiched between an inner cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane, causing them to take up the counterstain (safranin or fuchsine) and appear red or pink."}
{"id": "doc707801", "text": "Historically, the kingdom Monera was divided into four divisions based primarily on Gram staining: Firmicutes (positive in staining), Gracilicutes (negative in staining), Mollicutes (neutral in staining) and Mendocutes (variable in staining).[2] Based on 16S ribosomal RNA phylogenetic studies of the late microbiologist Carl Woese and collaborators and colleagues at the University of Illinois, the monophyly of the Gram-positive bacteria was challenged,[3] with major implications for the therapeutic and general study of these organisms. Based on molecular studies of the 16S sequences, Woese recognised twelve bacterial phyla. Two of these were both Gram-positive and were divided on the proportion of the guanine and cytosine content in their DNA. The high G + C phylum was made up of the Actinobacteria and the low G + C phylum contained the Firmicutes.[3] The Actinobacteria include the Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Streptomyces genera. The (low G + C) Firmicutes, have a 45\u00e2\u20ac\u201c60% GC content, but this is lower than that of the Actinobacteria.[1]"}
{"id": "doc709393", "text": "Teotihuacan /te\u026a\u02cco\u028ati\u02d0w\u0259\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0n/,[1] (in Spanish: Teotihuac\u00e1n) (Spanish pronunciation:\u00a0[teotiwa'kan]\u00a0(\u00a0listen), \u00a0modern Nahuatl pronunciation\u00a0(help\u00b7info)), is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico 40 kilometres (25\u00a0mi) northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas."}
{"id": "doc710956", "text": "In the rehearsal studio for Phantasma, Meg is dismayed and hurt to learn that Christine has been assigned the \"leading lady slot\" in the show. Raoul encounters Madame Giry and discovers that the Phantom, not Oscar Hammerstein, is the one for whom Christine will be singing (\"Dear Old Friend\"). Gangle, Fleck and Squelch bring Gustave to the Aerie, where he is greeted by the Phantom. Child prodigy Gustave sings and plays a melody on the piano (\"Beautiful\") that leads the Phantom to suspect he is Gustave's father (\"He plays like me! He's just 10 years old...ten years old\"). The Phantom questions Gustave as he shows him around the dark wonders, illusions, and freaks of Phantasma and discovers that they are kindred spirits. He unmasks himself, believing Gustave will accept him, but Gustave screams in horror and flees (\"The Beauty Underneath\"). Christine comforts Gustave and then asks Meg to take him back to the hotel. When pressed by the Phantom, Christine confesses that Gustave is his son (\"The Phantom Confronts Christine\"). The Phantom makes Christine promise to never tell Gustave that Raoul is not his real father. Christine gives her word and vows to sing for him once more, and then leaves him alone. Stunned by what has transpired, the Phantom declares that everything he creates and owns will be inherited by Gustave. An eavesdropping Madame Giry becomes enraged at the realization that all she and Meg have done for the Phantom over the years has been for nothing."}
{"id": "doc713666", "text": "The national park idea has been credited to the artist George Catlin. In 1832 he traveled the northern Great Plains of the United States, where he became concerned about the destruction of the Indian civilization, wildlife, and wilderness as eastern settlements spread westward. He wrote, \u201cby some great protecting policy of government... in a magnificent park... a nation\u2019s park, containing man and beast, in all the wild[ness] and freshness of their nature\u2019s beauty!\u201d [2]"}
{"id": "doc714655", "text": "In The Enchanted Forest, the Ogre Wars continue but are not going well for the lands controlled by Sir Maurice (Eric Keenleyside). Rumpelstiltskin (Robert Carlyle) arrives and agrees to aid the battle in exchange for Maurice's daughter, Belle (Emilie de Ravin) to be his servant. Belle's fianc\u00c3\u00a9e, Gaston (Sage Brocklebank), and her father are against the terms but Belle agrees. At his castle, Rumpelstiltskin gives Belle a list of tasks, including skinning the children that he hunts for their pelts. At this Belle drops and chips a teacup in shock, but he explains that it is a joke and doesn't mind about the chipped cup. As time goes by, Rumpelstiltskin and Belle develop a strong bond with each other. After a few months of living with him, Belle asks the dark one why she found children's clothing upstairs. Rumpelstiltskin tells her it belonged to his son whom he unfortunately lost along with his wife. Gaston arrives to take Belle back but Rumpelstiltskin turns him into a rose and presents it to her as a gift. When asked about Gaston, Belle says that it was an arranged marriage, not one of love. She left him because she wanted to be heroic and there are not many chances for women to be heroic. Rumpelstiltskin asks Belle to go into town to buy more straw, and she cannot believe he trusts her to come back. Rumpelstiltskin says he does not expect to see her again."}
{"id": "doc714665", "text": "There are multiple references made to Disney's Beauty and the Beast. The chipped tea cup that Belle accidentally drops is a reference to the character Chip in the film.[11][12] Also, Belle's fianc\u00c3\u00a9e in the show is named Gaston, the Disney antagonist, and he was turned into a red rose, which featured prominently in the film.[13] In addition, most of Belle's clothing in the fantasy world appears to be directly inspired by clothing worn by Belle in the Disney film, such as her yellow ballgown and her blue and white plainclothes.[3] Mr. French's flower shop is called \"Game of Thorns,\" a reference to Game of Thrones, a popular fantasy show and book series. The name and a logo can be seen on the side of his van at the start of the episode.[3][14] David is seen reading Anna Karenina, another story about an affair that ends tragically.[3][14] In the end of the episode, a reference to One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is shown, when Regina meets a nurse, who looks like nurse Ratchet and the janitor mopping up bears a striking resemblance to the Chief in the novel and film adaptation.[3]"}
{"id": "doc716388", "text": "Critical analysis of Pinocchio identifies it as a simple morality tale that teaches children of the benefits of hard work and middle-class values. Although it became the first animated feature to win a competitive Academy Award \u2013 winning two for Best Music, Original Score and for Best Music, Original Song for \"When You Wish Upon A Star\" \u2013 it was initially a box office disaster. It eventually made a profit in its 1945 reissue, and is considered one of the greatest animated films ever made, with a rare 100% rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes. The film and characters are still prevalent in popular culture, featuring at various Disney parks and in other forms of entertainment. In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United States National Film Registry for being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."}
{"id": "doc716552", "text": "Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress."}
{"id": "doc716573", "text": "Under Section 2, whenever there is a vacancy in the office of Vice President, the President nominates a successor who becomes Vice President if confirmed by a majority vote of both Houses of the Congress."}
{"id": "doc717117", "text": "The video for chapter four has since been revised to better match chapter five. The original actor for the officer AKA James, Rondolo Bryce, was changed to current actor, Michael Kenneth Williams. And the line \"I said 'This is some bullshit!', as he gave me the ticket\" was changed to \"He flicked his cigarette and then gives me the ticket.\""}
{"id": "doc717374", "text": "It was announced on July 22, 2010 at San Diego Comic-Con International that a new film based on Disney's The Haunted Mansion was in development with Guillermo del Toro writing and producing. Del Toro saw the 2003 film with his daughters; when asked about his involvement in the new project, he said, \"The thing I want to do is remake it.\"[7] Elaborating, he commented, \"The movie I see in my head of Haunted Mansion is not, I believe, what everyone is imagining it to be. It's not just a regular world with a haunted mansion plopped in the middle. I really am thinking of a movie that has a heightened reality.\"[8] Del Toro said that Hatbox Ghost would be the main haunting[8] and added, \"We are not making it a comedy. We are making it scary and fun at the same time, but the scary will be scary.\" It is to be filmed in live-action 3D.[9] To help make a respectful adaptation, del Toro has contacted Walt Disney World Imagineer Jason Surrell, author of The Haunted Mansion: From the Magic Kingdom to the Movies, to act as a possible consultant for the film.[10] Del Toro has also announced he is aiming for a PG-13 rating for The Haunted Mansion.[11] On August 7, 2012, Del Toro mentioned in an interview with Collider that he had submitted his final draft to Disney, and that \"they like the screenplay\" because \"their reaction to the draft was good\".[12] Del Toro revealed that he will co-write the film, but will not direct it.[13] On April 9, 2015, Variety reported that Ryan Gosling is in talks to star in the film and D.V. DeVincentis will work on the film's script.[14]"}
{"id": "doc718115", "text": "The Rolling Stones"}
{"id": "doc719006", "text": "The Beatles, also known as \"The White Album\", is the ninth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968. A double album, its plain white sleeve has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed,[a] which was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's earlier Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Although no singles were issued from The Beatles in Britain and the United States, the songs \"Hey Jude\" and \"Revolution\" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August 1968. The album's songs range in style from British blues and ska to tracks influenced by Chuck Berry and by Karlheinz Stockhausen."}
{"id": "doc719057", "text": "Some songs that the Beatles were working on individually during this period were revisited for inclusion on the group's subsequent albums, while others were eventually released on the band members' solo albums. According to the bootlegged album of the demos made at Kinfauns, the latter of these two categories includes Lennon's \"Look at Me\"[137] and \"Child of Nature\" (eventually reworked as \"Jealous Guy\");[138] McCartney's \"Junk\";[138] and Harrison's \"Not Guilty\" and \"Circles\".[138] In addition, Harrison gave \"Sour Milk Sea\" to the singer Jackie Lomax, whose recording, produced by Harrison, was released in August 1968 as Lomax's debut single on Apple Records.[139] Lennon's \"Mean Mr. Mustard\" and \"Polythene Pam\" would be used for the medley on Abbey Road the following year.[33]"}
{"id": "doc719060", "text": "The Beatles was issued on 22 November 1968 in Britain,[144] with a US release following three days later.[145] The album's working title, A Doll's House, had been changed when the English progressive rock band Family released the similarly titled Music in a Doll's House earlier that year.[115] Schaffner wrote in 1977 of the name that was adopted for the Beatles' double album: \"From the day of release, everybody referred to The Beatles as 'the White Album.'\"[146]"}
{"id": "doc719065", "text": "The album's sleeve was designed by pop artist Richard Hamilton,[144] in collaboration with McCartney.[156] Hamilton's design was in stark contrast to Peter Blake's vivid cover art for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, and consisted of a plain white sleeve. The band's name, in Helvetica,[157] was crookedly blind embossed slightly below the middle of the album's right side,[158] and the cover also featured a unique stamped serial number, \"to create\", in Hamilton's words, \"the ironic situation of a numbered edition of something like five million copies\".[159] In 2008, an original pressing of the album with serial number 0000005 sold for \u00c2\u00a319,201 on eBay.[160] In 2015, Ringo Starr's personal copy number 0000001 sold for a world record $790,000 at auction.[161]"}
{"id": "doc719076", "text": "Among reviews of the 2009 remastered album, Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph found that even its worst songs work within the context of such an eclectic and unconventional collection, which he rated \"one of the greatest albums ever made\".[192] Writing for Paste, Mark Kemp said The Beatles had been wrongly described as \"three solo works in one (plus a Ringo song)\", saying it \"benefits from each member's wildly different ideas\" and offers \"two of Harrison's finest moments\".[202] In his review for The A.V. Club, Chuck Klosterman wrote that the album found the band at their best and rated it \"almost beyond an A+\".[191]"}
{"id": "doc719078", "text": "According to MacDonald, the counterculture of the 1960s analysed The Beatles above and beyond all of the band's previous releases.[49] The album's lyrics progressed from being vague to open-ended and prone to misinterpretation, such as \"Glass Onion\" (e.g., \"the walrus was Paul\")[84] and \"Piggies\" (\"what they need's a damn good whacking\").[105] The release also coincided with public condemnation of Lennon's treatment of Cynthia, and of his and Ono's joint projects, particularly Two Virgins.[207][208] The British authorities similarly displayed a less tolerant attitude towards the Beatles,[209] when London Drug Squad officers arrested Lennon and Ono in October 1968 for marijuana possession, a charge that he claimed was false.[210] In the case of \"Back in the U.S.S.R.\", the words were interpreted by Christian evangelist David Noebel as further proof of the Beatles' compliance in a Communist plot to brainwash American youth.[211]"}
{"id": "doc719678", "text": "We see that Hundred Eyes and the Handmaiden, who he refers to as Lotus, were once friends and lovers, until the Mongolians attacked them, Hundred Eyes believing he watched Lotus die at the hands of an archer. That bit of backstory makes their reunion here that much sweeter, and their separation at the end of the episode all the more heartbreaking."}
{"id": "doc720105", "text": "Mersenne primes Mp are also noteworthy due to their connection to perfect numbers."}
{"id": "doc720110", "text": "A basic theorem about Mersenne numbers states that if Mp is prime, then the exponent p must also be prime. This follows from the identity"}
{"id": "doc720132", "text": "In modern times, the largest known prime has almost always been a Mersenne prime.[74]"}
{"id": "doc720136", "text": "Besides, if we notice those prime factors, and delete \"old prime factors\", for example, 3 divides the 2nd, 6th, 18th, 54th, 162nd, ... terms of this sequence, we only allow the 2nd term divided by 3, if we do, they are"}
{"id": "doc720175", "text": "Least b such that (b + 1)prime(n) \u00e2\u02c6\u2019 bprime(n) is prime are"}
{"id": "doc720207", "text": "Bacteria possess a compact genome architecture distinct from eukaryotes in two important ways: bacteria show a strong correlation between genome size and number of functional genes in a genome, and those genes are structured into operons.[10][11] The main reason for the relative density of bacterial genomes compared to eukaryotic genomes (especially multicellular eukaryotes) is the presence of noncoding DNA in the form of intergenic regions and introns.[11] Some notable exceptions include recently formed pathogenic bacteria. This was initially described in a study by Cole et al. in which Mycobacterium leprae was discovered to have a significantly higher percentage of pseudogenes to functional genes (~40%) than its free-living ancestors.[7]"}
{"id": "doc720754", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit has concluded its eighteenth season and has started its nineteenth season. Each season has aired on NBC and consists of 19 to 25 episodes, each lasting approximately forty minutes (sixty minutes including commercials)."}
{"id": "doc721746", "text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and is the ninth book in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series. On April 28, 2014, Kinney announced the book's name and its cover color. The book was released on November 5, 2014 in the UK.[1]"}
{"id": "doc721916", "text": "Charles is the longest serving Prince of Wales, having surpassed the record held by Edward VII on 9 September 2017.[3] He is the oldest and longest-serving British heir apparent, the longest-serving Duke of Cornwall, and the longest-serving Duke of Rothesay.[2] If he became monarch at present he would be the oldest person to do so; the record holder is William IV, who was 64 when he became king in 1830.[34]"}
{"id": "doc722174", "text": "The Constitution defines the Senate as having two senators for each state in the Union. The size of the House of Representatives is based on the number of states and their populations. The numerical size of the House is set by law, not by the Constitution. The House grew in size as states were admitted throughout the 19th century, and as the nation grew in population. Since the Constitution allows for one representative for as few as 30,000 citizens, Congress passed new, higher limits for the House, which grew in size until a law passed in 1911, based on the National Census of 1910, established the present upper limit of 435 members of the House.[1] Since the House's size was fixed but the population kept growing, instead of a congressperson representing only 30,000 citizens (as the Constitution had previously established), a congressperson represents 600,000 and more persons.[2]"}
{"id": "doc722466", "text": "Hamill was the voice of The Hobgoblin in the 1990s Spider-Man animated series, and his other Marvel superhero genre roles include the Gargoyle in the animated series of The Incredible Hulk, Maximus in Fantastic Four, Klaw in Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes and multiple characters in Ultimate Spider-Man. Hamill voiced Solomon Grundy and Trickster in the DC animated universe series Justice League and Justice League Unlimited, the murderous gangster Tony Zucco in The Batman, an animated series unrelated to the various DC animated universe series. He voiced Spectre in an episode of Batman: The Brave and the Bold."}
{"id": "doc722476", "text": "The short-lived WB live-action series Birds of Prey, based on the comic book of the same title, featured a flashback sequence in which the Joker shoots Barbara Gordon and paralyzes her. This sequence featured Hamill voicing Joker, dubbed over actor/stuntman Roger Stoneburner whose facial structure more resembled the character.[citation needed] The actor's face was shot in the background so as to be slightly blurred.[relevant? \u00e2\u20ac\u201c discuss]"}
{"id": "doc723586", "text": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, American Spanish:\u00a0[sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8mexiko]\u00a0(\u00a0listen);[13] abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital and most populous city of Mexico.[14] Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas.[15] It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350\u00a0ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities."}
{"id": "doc723699", "text": "Mexico City is a destination for many foreign tourists. Wikipedia's sister project Wikivoyage has useful information on tourism in Mexico City. The Historic center of Mexico City (Centro Hist\u8d38rico) and the \"floating gardens\" of Xochimilco in the southern borough have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Famous landmarks in the Historic Center include the Plaza de la Constituci\u8d38n (Z\u8d38calo), the main central square with its epoch-contrasting Spanish-era Metropolitan Cathedral and National Palace, ancient Aztec temple ruins Templo Mayor (\"Major Temple\") and modern structures, all within a few steps of one another. (The Templo Mayor was discovered in 1978 while workers were digging to place underground electric cables)."}
{"id": "doc723700", "text": "The most recognizable icon of Mexico City is the golden Angel of Independence on the wide, elegant avenue Paseo de la Reforma, modeled by the order of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico after the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es in Paris. This avenue was designed over the Americas' oldest known major roadway in the 19th century to connect the National Palace (seat of government) with the Castle of Chapultepec, the imperial residence. Today, this avenue is an important financial district in which the Mexican Stock Exchange and several corporate headquarters are located. Another important avenue is the Avenida de los Insurgentes, which extends 28.8\u00a0km (17.9\u00a0mi) and is one of the longest single avenues in the world."}
{"id": "doc723723", "text": "Mexico City is known for having some of the freshest fish and seafood in Mexico's interior. La Nueva Viga Market is the second largest seafood market in the world after the Tsukiji fish market in Japan."}
{"id": "doc725581", "text": "After interviewing the men, Lieutenant Watters realizes there is a great deal of tension between Walton and Dallis, leading him to believe this might be a murder investigation. The Lieutenant also discovers a tabloid newspaper in their truck with headlines about aliens, hinting that they used the article to concoct their story. The men are accused of murder and are threatened by Travis's brother Dan Walton (Scott MacDonald). The men are offered a lie detector test and take it. After the testing is complete, Rogers is outraged that the results are not shared and he and his guys refuse to come back the next day to take it again. However, after the men leave, the man who administered the tests tells the Sheriff and Lieutenant that with the exception of Dallis' test (which was inconclusive), the other men seem to be telling the truth."}
{"id": "doc725659", "text": "The Primary pretenders to the throne."}
{"id": "doc725920", "text": "The Gators entered the 2006 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament as a No. 3 seed with a 27\u20136 record, and ranked No. 10 by the AP. They beat No. 14 seed South Alabama and No. 11 seed Milwaukee to advance to the Minneapolis regional. There, the Gators defeated the No. 7 seed Georgetown Hoyas and upset the No. 1 seed Villanova Wildcats 75\u201362 to avenge their loss in the previous year's tournament and move on to their second Final Four under Donovan."}
{"id": "doc725928", "text": "In the 2012 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, the Gators were the No. 7 seed in the West Region after losing in the 2012 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament semifinals to Kentucky, finishing with an overall record of 23-10. Florida defeated the No. 10 seed, Virginia, and the No. 15 seed, Norfolk State, to advance to the Sweet 16 in Phoenix. They defeated No. 3 seed Marquette in an upset to advance to the Elite Eight, but their run ended when they were defeated by the No. 4 seed, Louisville, 72\u201368, after blowing a 65\u201354 lead with 8:14 remaining in the game."}
{"id": "doc726012", "text": "A number of people in the New Testament are said to hold one or more of these offices:"}
{"id": "doc726413", "text": "A second season of the anime series was announced on the opening day of the first theatrical film, which was originally set to be released in 2016.[66] It was then confirmed in the January 2017 issue of the"}
{"id": "doc726426", "text": "A live-action film was announced to be in production in October 2011.[104] In December 2012, it was reported that Tetsuya Nakashima left his position as director. According to film distributor Toho, Nakashima had considerable creative differences on the scriptwriting and other matters.[105][106][107] In December 2013, Shinji Higuchi was revealed to be directing, and would also be responsible with the special effects. Writer Y\u00c5\u00absuke Watanabe and critic/subculture expert Tomohiro Machiyama was announced to be scripting the movie with series creator Isayama.[108][109] In July 2014, it was revealed that two films will be released in the summer of 2015. A teaser trailer for the first live-action film was released in March 2015.[110] The following month, Toho released the second trailer for the first film, and announced the second installment will be called Attack on Titan: End of the World.[111] In June 2015, a third trailer for the first film was released, revealing the Three-Dimensional Maneuvering Gear, as well as confirming the film will be released in IMAX theaters in Japan.[112]"}
{"id": "doc726933", "text": "For 400 years Maryland and Virginia have disputed control of the Potomac and its North Branch, since both states' original colonial charters grant the entire river rather than half of it as is normally the case with boundary rivers. In its first state constitution adopted in 1776, Virginia ceded its claim to the entire river but reserved free use of it, an act disputed by Maryland. Both states acceded to the Compact of 1785 and the 1877 Black-Jenkins Award which grants Maryland the river bank-to-bank from the low water mark on the Virginia side, while permitting Virginia full riparian rights short of obstructing navigation."}
{"id": "doc727075", "text": "In February 1553, at age 15, Edward fell ill. When his sickness was discovered to be terminal, he and his Council drew up a \"Devise for the Succession\",  to prevent the country's return to Catholicism. Edward named his first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, as his heir, excluding his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. This decision was disputed following Edward's death, and Jane was deposed by Mary nine days after becoming queen. During her reign, Mary reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which nonetheless became the basis of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559."}
{"id": "doc727452", "text": "The best jet fighters at the end of the war easily outflew any of the leading aircraft of 1939, such as the Spitfire Mark I. The early war bombers that caused such carnage would almost all have been shot down in 1945, many by radar-aimed, proximity fuse-detonated anti-aircraft fire, just as the 1941 \"invincible fighter\", the Zero, had by 1944 become the \"turkey\" of the \"Marianas Turkey Shoot\". The best late-war tanks, such as the Soviet JS-3 heavy tank or the German Panther medium tank, handily outclassed the best tanks of 1939 such as Panzer IIIs. In the navy the battleship, long seen as the dominant element of sea power, was displaced by the greater range and striking power of the aircraft carrier. The chaotic importance of amphibious landings stimulated the Western Allies to develop the Higgins boat, a primary troop landing craft; the DUKW, a six-wheel-drive amphibious truck, amphibious tanks to enable beach landing attacks and Landing Ship, Tanks to land tanks on beaches. Increased organization and coordination of amphibious assaults coupled with the resources necessary to sustain them caused the complexity of planning to increase by orders of magnitude, thus requiring formal systematization giving rise to what has become the modern management methodology of project management by which almost all modern engineering, construction and software developments are organized."}
{"id": "doc727680", "text": "Another View of the North Pole (Rhinefeld)"}
{"id": "doc727789", "text": "The film was shot mostly at various locales in California. The summer camp scenes were filmed at Bluff Lake Camp (then owned by the Pasadena YMCA, now by Habonim Dror's Camp Gilboa) and the family camping scenes later in the movie at Cedar Lake Camp, both in the San Bernardino Mountains near the city of Big Bear Lake in Southern California. The Monterey scenes were filmed in various California locations, including millionaire Stuyvesant Fish's 5,200 acres (21\u00c2\u00a0km2) ranch in Carmel and Monterey's Pebble Beach golf course. The scenes at the Monterey house were shot at the studio's Golden Oak Ranch in Placerita Canyon, where Mitch's ranch was built.[5] It was the design of this set that proved the most popular, and to this day the Walt Disney Archives receives requests for plans of the home's interior design.[6] In fact, there never was such a house; the set was simply various rooms built on a sound stage. Camp Inch was based on a real girls' camp called Camp Crestridge for Girls at the Ridgecrest Baptist Conference Center near Asheville, North Carolina."}
{"id": "doc728072", "text": "The SOS response is the changes in gene expression in Escherichia coli and other bacteria in response to extensive DNA damage. The prokaryotic SOS system is regulated by two key proteins: LexA and RecA. The LexA homodimer is a transcriptional repressor that binds to operator sequences commonly referred to as SOS boxes. In Escherichia coli it is known that LexA regulates transcription of approximately 48 genes including the lexA and recA genes.[53] The SOS response is known to be widespread in the Bacteria domain, but it is mostly absent in some bacterial phyla, like the Spirochetes.[54]\nThe most common cellular signals activating the SOS response are regions of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), arising from stalled replication forks or double-strand breaks, which are processed by DNA helicase to separate the two DNA strands.[38] In the initiation step, RecA protein binds to ssDNA in an ATP hydrolysis driven reaction creating RecA\u2013ssDNA filaments. RecA\u2013ssDNA filaments activate LexA autoprotease activity, which ultimately leads to cleavage of LexA dimer and subsequent LexA degradation. The loss of LexA repressor induces transcription of the SOS genes and allows for further signal induction, inhibition of cell division and an increase in levels of proteins responsible for damage processing."}
{"id": "doc728418", "text": "\u00e2\u20ac\u201d Pakistan founder Jinnah's letter to Ispahani,6 May 1945[13]"}
{"id": "doc729273", "text": "As with many British songs at the time, it was covered elsewhere in Europe."}
{"id": "doc729312", "text": "Stephenson is a medieval patronymic surname meaning \"son of Stephen\". The earliest public record is found in the county of Huntingdonshire in 1279. There are variant spellings including Stevenson.[2] People with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc729567", "text": "The trail was still in use during the Civil War, but traffic declined after 1855 when the Panama Railroad across the Isthmus of Panama was completed. Paddle wheel steamships and sailing ships, often heavily subsidized to carry the mail, provided rapid transport to and from the east coast and New Orleans, Louisiana, to and from Panama to ports in California and Oregon."}
{"id": "doc729569", "text": "In April 1859, an expedition of U.S. Corps of Topographical Engineers led by Captain James H. Simpson left Camp Floyd, Utah, to establish an army supply route across the Great Basin to the eastern slope of the Sierras. Upon return in early August, Simpson reported that he had surveyed the Central Overland Route from Camp Floyd to Genoa, Nevada. This route went through central Nevada (roughly where U.S. Route 50 goes today) and was about 280 miles (450\u00c2\u00a0km) shorter than the \"standard\" Humboldt River California trail route.[37]"}
{"id": "doc729572", "text": "In 1861, John Butterfield, who since 1858 had been using the Butterfield Overland Mail, also switched to the Central Route to avoid traveling through hostile territories during the American Civil War. George Chorpenning immediately realized the value of this more direct route, and shifted his existing mail and passenger line along with their stations from the \"Northern Route\" (California Trail) along the Humboldt River. In 1861, the First Transcontinental Telegraph also laid its lines alongside the Central Overland Route. Several stage lines were set up carrying mail and passengers that traversed much of the route of the original Oregon Trail to Fort Bridger and from there over the Central Overland Route to California. By traveling day and night with many stations and changes of teams (and extensive mail subsidies), these stages could get passengers and mail from the midwest to California in about 25 to 28 days. These combined stage and Pony Express stations along the Oregon Trail and Central Route across Utah and Nevada were joined by the First Transcontinental Telegraph stations and telegraph line, which followed much the same route in 1861 from Carson City, Nevada to Salt Lake City. The Pony Express folded in 1861 as they failed to receive an expected mail contract from the U.S. government and the telegraph filled the need for rapid east\u00e2\u20ac\u201cwest communication. This combination wagon/stagecoach/pony express/telegraph line route is labeled the Pony Express National Historic Trail on the National Trail Map.[38] From Salt Lake City the telegraph line followed much of the Mormon/California/Oregon trails to Omaha, Nebraska."}
{"id": "doc729573", "text": "After the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869, telegraph lines usually followed the railroad tracks as the required relay stations and telegraph lines were much easier to maintain alongside the tracks. Telegraph lines to unpopulated areas were largely abandoned."}
{"id": "doc729661", "text": "The ultimate competitor arrived in 1869, the First Transcontinental Railroad, which cut travel time to about seven days at a low fare of about $60 (economy)[105]"}
{"id": "doc729956", "text": "There have been several speculations about the game's origins including some that it was created in France or Flanders. The earliest of these speculative references is dated Thursday, 10 March 1300 and concerns the future King Edward II playing at \"creag and other games\" in both Westminster and Newenden. It has been suggested that \"creag\" was an Olde English word for cricket but expert opinion is that it was an early spelling of \"craic\", meaning \"fun and games in general\".[2]"}
{"id": "doc732015", "text": "Jackson recorded with Queen singer Freddie Mercury from 1981 to 1983, including a demo of \"State of Shock\", \"Victory\" and \"There Must Be More to Life Than This\".[72] The recordings were intended for an album of duets but, according to Queen's then-manager Jim Beach, the relationship between the singers soured when Jackson insisted on bringing a llama into the recording studio.[73] The collaborations were not officially released until 2014.[74] Jackson went on to record the single \"State of Shock\" with Mick Jagger for the Jacksons' album Victory (1984).[75] Mercury included the solo version of \"There Must Be More To Life Than This\" on his Mr. Bad Guy album (1985).[76] In 1982, Jackson combined his interests in songwriting and film when he contributed the song \"Someone in the Dark\" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The song, with Jones as its producer, won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children for 1983.[77]"}
{"id": "doc732018", "text": "Jackson had the highest royalty rate in the music industry at that point, approximately $2 for every album sold, and was making record-breaking profits from sales of his recordings. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. The era saw the arrival of novelties such as dolls modeled after Jackson, which appeared in stores in May 1984 at a price of $12.[90] Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli writes that \"Thriller stopped selling like a leisure item\u2014like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movie\u2014and started selling like a household staple.\"[91] In 1985, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller won a Grammy for Best Music Video, Longform.[77] Time described Jackson's influence at that point as \"star of records, radio, rock video. A one-man rescue team for the music business. A songwriter who sets the beat for a decade. A dancer with the fanciest feet on the street. A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style and color too\".[90] The New York Times wrote that \"in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else\".[92]"}
{"id": "doc732077", "text": "In the 12 months after his death, Jackson sold more than 8.2 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide, making him the best-selling albums artist of 2009.[336][337] He became the first artist to sell one million downloads in a week in music download history, with a record-breaking 2.6 million downloads of his songs. Three of his albums, Thriller, Number Ones and The Essential Michael Jackson, sold more than any new album, the first time a catalog album has ever scanned more sales than any new album.[338] Jackson also became the first artist in history to have four of the top 20 best-selling albums in a single year in the United States.[336] Following this surge in sales, Sony extended its distribution rights for Jackson's material, which had been due to expire in 2015.[339] On March 16, 2010, Sony Music Entertainment, spearheaded by its Columbia/Epic Label Group division, signed a new deal with the Jackson estate to extend their distribution rights to his back catalogue until at least 2017, and release ten new albums of previously unreleased material and new collections of released work.[340]"}
{"id": "doc732083", "text": "On March 31, 2014, Epic Records announced Xscape, an album of eight songs of unreleased material.[364] It was released on May 13, 2014.[365] On May 12, 2014, another man, Jimmy Safechuck, sued Jackson's estate, claiming Jackson sexually abused him \"from the age of 10 to about 14 or 15\" in the 1980s.[366] During the 2014 Billboard Music Awards on May 18, a \"Pepper's ghost\" likeness of Jackson appeared, dancing to \"Slave to the Rhythm\", one of the tracks from Xscape.[367] Later that year, Queen released three duets that Freddie Mercury had recorded with Jackson in the 1980s.[74]\nIn December 2015, Thriller became the first album in the United States to surpass 30 million shipments, certifying it 30\u00d7 platinum.[83] One year later, the album was certified again at 33\u00d7 platinum, surpassing 33 million shipments after Soundscan added streams and audio downloads to album certifications.[368]."}
{"id": "doc732087", "text": "According to choreographer David Winters, who met and befriended Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV special Diana!, Jackson watched the musical West Side Story almost every week, and it was his favorite film; he paid tribute to it in \"Beat It\" and the \"Bad\" video.[374][380][381]"}
{"id": "doc732096", "text": "He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor.[174] \"Black or White\" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video at that time.[173] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized.[421] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos.[422]"}
{"id": "doc732101", "text": "The media has commonly referred to Jackson as the \"King of Pop\" because, throughout his career, he transformed the art of music videos and paved the way for modern pop music. For much of Jackson's career, he had an unparalleled worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian works.[231] His music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster and steered its focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous artists of various music genres. He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc733127", "text": "We intend to publish nothing we do not think we can morally defend. All that we publish we shall defend.[12]"}
{"id": "doc734288", "text": "The song was recorded by Phil Harris on October 13, 1950, and released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-3968. The record first reached the Billboard charts on November 17, 1950. It lasted 14 weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 1. The words were set to the English folk tune \"The Lincolnshire Poacher\".[1]"}
{"id": "doc734723", "text": "The French naturalist, Pierre Sonnerat was the first to use the vernacular name \"aye-aye\" in 1782 when he described and illustrated the lemur, though it was also called the \"long-fingered lemur\" by English zoologist George Shaw in 1800\u2014a name that did not stick. According to Sonnerat, the name \"aye-aye\" was a \"cri d'exclamation & d'\u00e9tonnement\" (cry of exclamation and astonishment). However, American paleoanthropologist Ian Tattersall noted in 1982 that the name resembles the Malagasy name \"hai hai\" or \"hay hay\", which is used around the island. According to Dunkel et al. in 2012, the widespread use of the Malagasy name indicates that the name could not have come from Sonnerat. Another hypothesis proposed by Simons and Meyers in 2001 is that it derives from \"heh heh\", which is Malagasy for \"I don't know\". If correct, then the name might have originated from Malagasy people saying \"heh heh\" to avoid saying the name of a feared, magical animal.[12]"}
{"id": "doc735487", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on 21 January 2014.[41] It also screened at South by Southwest on 10 March 2014[42] and ARTE Indonesia Arts Festival on 14 March 2014.[43] Following a wide release on 11 April 2014, due to low returns the majority of theaters closed the film one week later. This was similar to what occurred during the theatrical run of the first film.[44]"}
{"id": "doc735792", "text": "It is suspected that Sunglasses Ron is the man sat at the back of the bus in The Jolly Boys' Outing."}
{"id": "doc736126", "text": "DNA transfer between prokaryotic cells occurs in bacteria and archaea, although it has been mainly studied in bacteria. In bacteria, gene transfer occurs by three processes. These are (1) bacterial virus (bacteriophage)-mediated transduction, (2) plasmid-mediated conjugation, and (3) natural transformation. Transduction of bacterial genes by bacteriophage appears to reflect an occasional error during intracellular assembly of virus particles, rather than an adaptation of the host bacteria. The transfer of bacterial DNA is under the control of the bacteriophage\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s genes rather than bacterial genes. Conjugation in the well-studied E. coli system is controlled by plasmid genes, and is an adaptation for distributing copies of a plasmid from one bacterial host to another. Infrequently during this process, a plasmid may integrate into the host bacterial chromosome, and subsequently transfer part of the host bacterial DNA to another bacterium. Plasmid mediated transfer of host bacterial DNA (conjugation) also appears to be an accidental process rather than a bacterial adaptation."}
{"id": "doc736460", "text": "At the end of the 19th century, white Democrats in the South had created state constitutions that were hostile to industry and business development, with anti-industrial laws extensive from the time new constitutions were adopted in the 1890s.[75] Banking was limited,[how?] as was access to credit. States persisted in agricultural economies.[citation needed] Especially in Alabama and Florida, rural minorities held control in many state legislatures long after population had shifted to industrializing cities, and legislators resisted business and modernising interests: Alabama refused to redistrict between 1901 and 1972, long after major population and economic shifts to cities. For decades Birmingham generated the majority of revenue for the state, for instance, but received little back in services or infrastructure.[76]"}
{"id": "doc736558", "text": "Much of the film was shot at Mira Costa High School in Manhattan Beach, California, after the Manhattan Beach Unified School District granted a facilities use permit to The Yard Entertainment, the production company.[5] After two days of filming over the weekend of May 7, 2011, production was halted when it was reported that individuals (some involved with the film, some not) were smoking marijuana on campus, leading the school district to revoke the permit.[5] Vandalism and theft from classrooms were also reported by teachers, and The Yard reportedly offered reimbursement to at least one.[5]"}
{"id": "doc737219", "text": "The series was filmed in black and white at the Selznick Studios and produced by Four Star Television. A number of additional shooting locations were used, with the bulk of the outdoor action sequences shot on the famed Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, Calif., widely regarded as the most heavily filmed outdoor shooting location in the history of TV and the movies. A number of sets on the Republic Pictures backlot in Studio City, Calif., also appear in the series, notably the Western street and the Duchess Ranch set, which at the time of production on the series consisted mainly of a large barn, a main house and a bunkhouse."}
{"id": "doc737252", "text": "Christmas Angel decoration"}
{"id": "doc737388", "text": "Constantius's successor, Julian, known in the Christian world as Julian the Apostate, was a philosopher who upon becoming emperor renounced Christianity and embraced a Neo-platonic and mystical form of paganism shocking the Christian establishment. While not actually outlawing Christianity, he became intent on re-establishing the prestige of the old pagan beliefs and practices.  He modified these practices to resemble Christian traditions such as the episcopal structure and public charity (hitherto unknown in Roman paganism). Julian eliminated most of the privileges and prestige previously afforded to the Christian Church. His reforms attempted to create a form of religious heterogeneity by, among other things, reopening pagan temples, accepting Christian bishops previously exiled as heretics, promoting Judaism, and returning Church lands to their original owners. However, Julian's short reign ended when he died while campaigning in the East. Christianity came to dominance during the reign of Julian's successors, Jovian, Valentinian I, and Valens (the last Eastern Arian Christian emperor)."}
{"id": "doc737601", "text": "Peirce developed the idea that inquiry depends on real doubt, not mere verbal or hyperbolic doubt,[12] and said, in order to understand a conception in a fruitful way, \"Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object\",[2] which he later called the pragmatic maxim. It equates any conception of an object to the general extent of the conceivable implications for informed practice of that object's effects. This is the heart of his pragmatism as a method of experimentational mental reflection arriving at conceptions in terms of conceivable confirmatory and disconfirmatory circumstances\u00e2\u20ac\u201da method hospitable to the generation of explanatory hypotheses, and conducive to the employment and improvement of verification. Typical of Peirce is his concern with inference to explanatory hypotheses as outside the usual foundational alternative between deductivist rationalism and inductivist empiricism, although he was a mathematical logician and a founder of statistics."}
{"id": "doc737743", "text": "\"Here Comes the Sun\" is a song written by George Harrison that was first released on the Beatles' 1969 album Abbey Road. Along with \"Something\" and \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", it is one of Harrison's best-known compositions from the Beatles era. The song was written at the country house of his friend Eric Clapton, where Harrison had chosen to play truant for the day, to avoid attending a meeting at the Beatles' Apple Corps organisation. The lyrics reflect the composer's relief at both the arrival of spring and the temporary respite he was experiencing from the band's business affairs."}
{"id": "doc737771", "text": "According to Ian MacDonald, the lineup on the Beatles' recording was as follows.[11]"}
{"id": "doc738831", "text": "Makers of early cartridge arms had to invent methods of naming cartridges since no established convention existed then.[3] One of the early established cartridge arms was the Spencer repeating rifle, which Union forces used in the American Civil War. It was named based on the chamber dimensions, rather than the bore diameter, with the earliest cartridge called the \"No. 56 cartridge\", indicating a chamber diameter of .56\u00a0in; the bore diameter varied considerably, from .52 to .54\u00a0in.  Later various derivatives were created using the same basic cartridge, but with smaller-diameter bullets; these were named by the cartridge diameter at the base and mouth. The original No. 56 became the .56-56, and the smaller versions, .56-52, .56-50, and .56-46. The .56-52, the most common of the new calibers, used a 50-cal bullet."}
{"id": "doc738832", "text": "Other black powder-era cartridges used naming schemes that appeared similar, but measured entirely different characteristics; .45-70, .44-40, and .32-20 were designated by bullet diameter in hundredths of an inch and standard black powder charge in grains. Optionally, the bullet weight in grains was designated, e.g. .45-70-405.[4] This scheme was far more popular and was carried over after the advent of early smokeless powder cartridges such as the .30-30 Winchester and .22 Long. Later developments used terms to indicate relative power, such as .44 Special and .44 Magnum. Variations on these methods persist today, with new cartridges such as the .204 Ruger and .17 HMR (Hornady Magnum Rimfire)."}
{"id": "doc739350", "text": "On 29 January 2018, several cast members posted to social media that the filming had finished.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc739705", "text": "Apart from being used by Milan and Inter, the Italian national team also plays occasional games there.[11] It has also been used for the European Cup finals of 1965 (won by Inter) and 1970 (won by Feyenoord), and the UEFA Champions League finals of 2001 (won by FC Bayern Munich) and 2016 (won by Real Madrid).[3][12]"}
{"id": "doc742717", "text": "Davidson is a patronymic surname, meaning \"son/descendant of David\" (or \"Beloved Son/Descendent\"; 'David' lit. \"Beloved One\"). There are alternate spellings called septs, including those common in the British Isles and Scandinavia: Davidsen, Davisson, Davison, Daveson, Davidsson. While the given name comes from the Hebrew \"David\", meaning beloved, Davidson is rarely used as a masculine given name or nickname.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc743529", "text": "As an example of the reasoning that finds inconsistencies in calculations when coregencies are a priori ruled out, 2 Kings 18:10 dates the fall of Samaria (the Northern Kingdom) to the 6th year of Hezekiah's reign. William F. Albright has dated the fall of the Kingdom of Israel to 721 BC, while E. R. Thiele calculates the date as 723 BC.[47] If Abright's or Thiele's dating are correct, then Hezekiah's reign would begin in either 729 or 727 BC. On the other hand, 18:13 states that Sennacherib invaded Judah in the 14th year of Hezekiah's reign. Dating based on Assyrian records date this invasion to 701 BC, and Hezekiah's reign would therefore begin in 716/715 BC.[48] This dating would be confirmed by the account of Hezekiah's illness in chapter 20, which immediately follows Sennacherib's departure (2 Kings 20). This would date his illness to Hezekiah's 14th year, which is confirmed by Isaiah's statement (2 Kings 20:6) that he will live fifteen more years (29 \u2212 15 = 14). As shown below, these problems are all addressed by scholars who make reference to the ancient Near Eastern practice of coregency."}
{"id": "doc745801", "text": "Much like Beauty and the Beast, the soundtrack was a massive critical success, receiving universal praise and recognition from both film and music critics. The music featured on the album won several awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television. Its title track and only single, \"Beauty and the Beast\", achieved similar success, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, Academy Award for Best Original Song and Grammy Awards for both Best Song Written for Visual Media and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. The soundtrack was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year."}
{"id": "doc745803", "text": "During the 1970s and 1980s, Walt Disney Feature Animation struggled to release animated feature films that achieved the levels of success of some of the studio's earlier productions did. In 1989, Walt Disney Pictures released The Little Mermaid. An animated musical that features songs written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken, The Little Mermaid was both a tremendous critical and commercial success. Hoping to release a film that achieved similar success, the studio decided to adapt the fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\" by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont into an animated film."}
{"id": "doc746017", "text": "The Equality (Titles) Bill was an unsuccessful piece of legislation introduced in the UK Parliament in 2013 that would have allowed equal succession of female heirs to hereditary titles and peerages. It was nicknamed the \"Downton Abbey law\" because it addressed the same issue that affects Lady Mary Crawley, who cannot inherit the estate because it must pass to a male heir."}
{"id": "doc746306", "text": "Following a referendum in 2009, the Act of Succession was amended so that primogeniture no longer puts males over females. In other words, the first-born child would become heir to the throne regardless of gender.[5]"}
{"id": "doc746693", "text": "4 Was released on WWE's Four Horsemen DVD in 2007."}
{"id": "doc749717", "text": "The film made its television premiere on ABC's The Wonderful World of Disney on November 14, 1999.[26]"}
{"id": "doc750195", "text": "Along the east coast a large-scale electric street railway system known as the Richmond Union Passenger Railway was built by Frank J. Sprague in Richmond, Virginia, and was operating by February 2, 1888. The Richmond system had a large impact upon the burgeoning electric trolley industry. Sprague's use of a trolley pole for D.C. current pick up from a single line (with ground return via the street rails) set the pattern that was to be adopted in many other cities. The North American English use of the term \"trolley\" instead of \"tram\" for a street railway vehicle derives from the work that Sprague did in Richmond and quickly spread elsewhere."}
{"id": "doc750407", "text": "At the Wicket Gate begins the \"straight and narrow\" King's Highway, and Christian is directed onto it by the gatekeeper Goodwill who saves him from Beelzebub's archers at Beelzebub's castle near the Wicket Gate and shows him the heavenly way he must go. In the Second Part, Goodwill is shown to be Jesus himself.[12] To Christian's query about relief from his burden, Goodwill directs him forward to \"the place of deliverance.\"[9][13]"}
{"id": "doc750414", "text": "Just outside the Valley of the Shadow of Death he meets Faithful, also a former resident of the City of Destruction, who accompanies him to Vanity Fair, a place built by Beelzebub where every thing to a human's tastes, delights, and lusts are sold daily, where both are arrested and detained because of their disdain for the wares and business of the Fair. Faithful is put on trial, and executed by burning at the stake as a martyr. A celestial chariot then takes Faithful to the Celestial City, martyrdom being a shortcut there. Hopeful, a resident of Vanity Fair, takes Faithful's place to be Christian's companion for the rest of the way."}
{"id": "doc750416", "text": "The Delectable Mountains form the next stage of Christian and Hopeful's journey, where the shepherds show them some of the wonders of the place also known as \"Immanuel's Land\". The pilgrims are shown sights that strengthen their faith and warn them against sinning, like the Hill Error or the Mountain Caution. On Mount Clear they are able to see the Celestial City through the shepherd's \"perspective glass\", which serves as a telescope. (This device is given to Mercy in the Second Part at her request.) The shepherds tell the pilgrims to beware of the Flatterer and to avoid the Enchanted Ground. Soon they come to a crossroad and a man dressed in white comes to help them. Thinking he is a \"shining one\" (angel), the pilgrims follow the man, but soon get stuck in a net and realize their so-called angelic guide was the Flatterer. A true shining one comes and frees them from the net. The Angel punishes them for following the Flatterer and then puts them back on the right path. The pilgrims meet Atheist, who tells them Heaven and God don't exist, but Christian and Hopeful remember the shepherds and pay no attention to the man. Christian and Hopeful come to a place where a man named Little-Faith is chained by the ropes of seven demons who take him to a shortcut to the Lake of Fire (Hell)."}
{"id": "doc750911", "text": "The story tells of a lush green meadow just \"this side of Heaven\" (i.e. before one enters into it). Rainbow Bridge is the name of both the meadow and the adjoining pan-prismatic conveyance connecting it to Heaven."}
{"id": "doc751410", "text": "On rare occasions, Robinson departed from the stereotypes of African-Americans imposed by Hollywood studios. In a small vignette in Hooray for Love (1935), he played a mayor of Harlem modeled after his own ceremonial honor; in One Mile from Heaven (1937), he played a romantic lead opposite African-American actress Fredi Washington after Hollywood had relaxed its taboo against such roles for blacks.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc751425", "text": "Robinson was inducted into the National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame in 1987."}
{"id": "doc751435", "text": "Robinson is given credit for having popularized the word and claimed to have invented it while still living in Richmond.[20] The Oxford English Dictionary lists the origins of the word as unknown and documents the earliest written use of the word in 1919, by the newspaperman and author Irving Bacheller, in his serialized book, A Man for the Ages; this was followed by uses in 1926 by Carl Van Vechten in his novel Nigger Heaven, in 1934 in Webster's New International Dictionary, and by John O'Hara in his novel Appointment in Samarra.[21] Robinson's biographer credits him with having introduced the word into popular culture via his frequent use in vaudeville, radio, and recordings."}
{"id": "doc751678", "text": "Section 74 of the Constitution provides that a bill to amend the Constitution can only be passed if at least two-thirds of the members of the National Assembly (that is, at least 267 of the 400 members) vote in favour of it. If the amendment affects provincial powers or boundaries, or if it amends the Bill of Rights, at least six of the nine provinces in the National Council of Provinces must also vote for it. To amend section 1 of the Constitution, which establishes the existence of South Africa as a sovereign, democratic state, and lays out the country's founding values, would require the support of three-quarters of the members of the National Assembly. There have been seventeen amendments since 1996."}
{"id": "doc751714", "text": "In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Ron, who has grown taller over the summer, attracts the attention of Lavender Brown. Harry, the new Quidditch Captain, picks Ron to continue as Keeper for the Gryffindor Quidditch team, over competing candidate Cormac McLaggen who is equally-skilled but has difficulty with teamwork and following orders.[HBP\u00a0Ch.11] Upon learning Hermione most likely had kissed Krum, Ron performs increasingly badly at Quidditch, and thrown off by jealousy of his former idol, becomes unkind to Hermione. His low self-esteem is not helped much by his younger sister Ginny who after Ron reacts badly to finding her kissing her boyfriend, throws in the fact that of those in the group, Ron is the only one who has never had his first kiss. To bolster Ron's confidence, Harry pretends to give him Felix Felicis, a potion which makes the drinker lucky; believing he has actually taken it, Ron performs admirably and Gryffindor wins the match. However, this leads to a major row between Ron and Hermione: Hermione accuses Harry of helping Ron cheat, while Ron berates Hermione for having no faith in his abilities.[HBP\u00a0Ch.14] At a post-game celebration, Ron kisses Lavender (though Ginny describes it as \"eating her face\"). Hermione, jealous and seeking retaliation, takes McLaggen as her date to new Potions professor Horace Slughorn's Christmas party, but he proves to be an egomaniac.[HBP\u00a0Ch.15] After Christmas, Hermione continues to ignore Ron, stopping only to give him disdainful looks and occasional snide remarks. By now, Ron is visibly discontent with his relationship with Lavender.[HBP\u00a0Ch.17]"}
{"id": "doc751718", "text": "Ron agrees to go with Harry and Hermione on the quest to destroy all of Voldemort's Horcruxes. Worried that the Ministry, now taken over by Voldemort, will learn he is with Harry on a quest, Ron dresses the family ghoul up in pyjamas and spreads the story he is ill with \"spattergroit\", a type of highly contagious magical illness. Ron disguises himself as Reginald Cattermole as the trio attempts to find the locket Horcrux in the possession of Dolores Umbridge."}
{"id": "doc751719", "text": "Harry decides he wants someone to wear the Horcrux at all times, fearing it might be lost or stolen. This has a much more profound effect on Ron than it seems to have on Hermione or Harry. Ron ends up lashing out in frustration at the lack of comforts and a concrete plan, eventually leaving his friends behind. Distressed over his absence, Harry and Hermione do not even mention his name during the time that he is gone. However, when they finally mention his name, Ron, who had immediately regretted his decision to leave but was captured by Snatchers and then could not return due to Hermione's anti-Death Eater enchantments, was led to Harry's location by unknown magic within the Deluminator he inherited from Dumbledore. Ron dramatically returns by saving Harry from drowning when Harry is attempting to recover Godric Gryffindor's sword from an icy pool. Harry, a sudden believer in the fate created by his return, immediately forgives Ron and insists it must be Ron who uses the sword to destroy Slytherin's locket. However, the portion of Voldemort's soul inside it plays on Ron's insecurities by revealing that Ron thinks he is \"least loved by a mother who craved a daughter\", then showing him a doppelg\u00e4nger of Harry who tells him that Harry was happier without him and a doppelg\u00e4nger of Hermione who does not return his affections and is involved instead with Harry. Ron summons his courage and overcomes the spell, destroying the locket, but is visibly shaken until Harry tells him that he regards Hermione as a sister and a friend, nothing more."}
{"id": "doc751726", "text": "Ron was born into the Weasley family on 1 March 1980,[13][HBP\u00c2\u00a0Ch.18] the sixth of their seven children, and the youngest son. His middle name, Bilius, is the same as that of a deceased uncle. Ron grew up in the family home, The Burrow, near the village of Ottery St Catchpole in Devon. Ron has six siblings; his five older brothers, Bill, Charlie, Percy, twins Fred and George, and a younger sister, Ginny, each with their own distinct personality trait. One recurring factor in Ron's siblings is that they often appear to be more confident, self-assured and, to varying degrees, more outwardly talented than he is."}
{"id": "doc751729", "text": "Ron has made several appearances in parodies of Harry Potter. Seth Meyers appeared as Ron in Saturday Night Live in the sketch in which Lindsay Lohan portrays Hermione.[15] On his The Big Impression show, Alistair McGowan did a sketch called \"Louis Potter and the Philosopher's Scone\". It featured impressions of Anne Robinson as Ron.[16] In 2003, Comic Relief performed a spoof story called Harry Potter and the Secret Chamberpot of Azerbaijan, in which Jennifer Saunders appeared as both Ron and J. K. Rowling.[17][18] In Harry Podder: Dude Where's My Wand?, a play by Desert Star Theater in Utah, written by sisters Laura J., Amy K. and Anna M. Lewis, Ron appears as \"Ron Sneasley\".[19][20] In the Harry Bladder sketches in All That, Ron appears as ReRon and is played by Bryan Hearne. Ron also is a regular character in Potter Puppet Pals sketches by Neil Cicierega. In one of the episodes, \"The Mysterious Ticking Noise\", Ron, along with Snape, Harry, Hermione and Dumbledore, is killed by a bomb placed by Voldemort; the episode being the seventeenth most viewed video of all time as of 2008 and the winner for \"Best Comedy\" of the year 2007 at YouTube.[21] In the 2008 American comedy film Yes Man, Carl (portrayed by Jim Carrey) attends a Harry Potter-themed party hosted by Norman (Rhys Darby), in which Norman disguises as Ron. In A Very Potter Musical (2009) and A Very Potter Sequel (2010), parody musicals by StarKid Productions, Ron was portrayed by Joey Richter."}
{"id": "doc751747", "text": "The city sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel, site of the ancient mid-3rd millennium BC, Assyrian city of Arrapha,[6] and which sits near the Khasa River. The city is mentioned during the Sumero-Akkadian period of Assyria in cuneiform script from about 2400 BC.[7] The region became a part of the Akkadian empire (2335\u20132154 BC) which united all of the Akkadian and Sumerian speaking Mesopotamians under one rule. After its collapse, the language isolate-speaking Gutians, a pre-Iranic race from Ancient Iran, overran the region for a few decades, making Arrapha their capital, before being ejected from Mesopotamia by the Sumerians during the Neo-Sumerian Empire (2112\u20132004 BC). The city later came to be dominated by the Hurrians from eastern Anatolia before being incorporated into the Old Assyrian Empire (2025\u20131750 BC), after which Arrapha and the whole of northern Mesopotamia, together with parts of north east Syria and south east Turkey, became a part of Assyria proper. During the late 15th century BC Assyria and Arrapha was under the domination of the short-lived Mittani-Hurrian empire, but after the Assyrians overthrew and destroyed the Hurri-Mitanni in the early 14th century BC the city was once more under Assyrian rule. Arrapha remained an important Assyrian city until the fall of the Assyrian empire between 615\u2013599 BC. After this it remained a part of the geo-political province of Assyria (Achaemenid Assyria, Athura, Seleucid Syria, Assyria (Roman province) and Assuristan) under various foreign empires, and between the 2nd century BC and 3rd century AD became the capital of the Neo-Assyrian state of Beth Garmai before this was conquered into the Sassanid empire and became a part of Assuristan. The Arab Islamic conquest of the 7th century AD saw the dissolution of Assyria as a geo-political entity."}
{"id": "doc751799", "text": "The Assyrians have an ancient history in Kirkuk, as they do throughout northern Iraq. As Arrapha it was a part of the Old Assyrian Empire (c.1975\u20131750 BC), and fully incorporated into Assyria proper by the 14th century BC during the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365\u2013105 BC), and remained so until the downfall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire between 615 and 599 BC. After this it was an integral part of Achaemenid Assyria (Athura), and during the Parthian Empire was centre to an independent Neo Assyrian state named Beth Garmai, before being incorporated into Assuristan by the Sassanid Empire."}
{"id": "doc751954", "text": "The film's protagonist, Jack Skellington is a skeleton who holds the title of The Pumpkin King. He is popular among the residents of Halloween Town, due to his charming personality and aim to please. Despite a lack of inhibition, he means well. He is in charge of Halloween. Having not left it within many years (as heard in the song Jack's Lament where he mentions England, Kentucky and France), he felt his inspiration for his own holiday waning. Christmas Town gave him new ideas and inspiration. He also appears in The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge.[3]"}
{"id": "doc751967", "text": "In the 2004 video game The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge, Oogie was resurrected by his henchmen Lock, Shock, and Barrel, who sewed him together. He quickly deceived the residents of Halloween Town and tricked the townspeople into making traps for Jack stating that Jack wouldn't return if they can make an even scarier Halloween for next year. Oogie attempted to become the Seven Holidays King, successfully kidnapped the real leaders and tried to murder Santa Claus again. His plans were foiled by Jack. Desperate, Oogie puts up a fight in the Holiday Trash Hill (where all the holiday worlds' garbage goes) by turning into a gigantic junk-filled version of himself named \"Mega-Oogie\", but he is again destroyed."}
{"id": "doc751998", "text": "Oddly enough, Jim Edwards actually contends that \"Tim Burton's animated movie The Nightmare Before Christmas is really a movie about the marketing business.  The movie's lead character, Jack Skellington, the chief marketing officer (CMO) for a successful company decides that his success is boring and he wants the company to have a different business plan.  Some have wondered which real-life company failure the movie is based on: Sergio Zyman's New Coke or Merck's launch and subsequent withdrawal of Vioxx.\"[26]"}
{"id": "doc752256", "text": "One year after being dragged to Purgatory, Dean returns to Earth without Castiel, carrying inside his body the soul of a vampire named Benny. The two brothers begin a fight against Crowley to find the Demon Tablet and lock the Gates of Hell, thereby trapping all demons in Hell. The brothers use Kevin Tran to help them read the tablet and accomplish their goal. Castiel is brought back by an angel named Naomi, and takes possession of the Angel Tablet to break her control of him when she tries to use him to kill Dean. While Kevin works on the tablet, Sam and Dean have an unexpected encounter with their paternal grandfather, Henry Winchester, who was a member of the Men of Letters, an organization dedicated to gathering supernatural knowledge; his disappearance in 1958 was actually him using a time-travel spell to go to the future and escape an attack by the demon Abaddon. Henry is killed protecting his grandsons, but he provides them with access to the Men of Letters bunker, a storehouse for several supernatural artefacts and books, which the Winchesters subsequently adopt as a new 'home'. Kevin eventually translates three trials that must be completed in order to lock the Gates of Hell for good, but although Sam completed the first two, Dean ends the trials before the third can be finished as completing the trials would kill Sam. Unfortunately, Castiel is tricked by the Angel Metatron into completing a series of trials that would have allegedly locked all angels in Heaven, but actually banished every angel apart from Metatron to Earth, the season ending with millions of angels falling from the sky and Castiel stripped of his Grace."}
{"id": "doc752404", "text": "In many languages of the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area, such as Chinese, the syllable structure is expanded to include an additional, optional segment known as a medial, which is located between the onset (often termed the initial in this context) and the rime.  The medial is normally a semivowel, but reconstructions of Old Chinese generally include liquid medials (/r/ in modern reconstructions, /l/ in older versions), and many reconstructions of Middle Chinese include a medial contrast between /i/ and /j/, where the /i/ functions phonologically as a glide rather than as part of the nucleus.  In addition, many reconstructions of both Old and Middle Chinese include complex medials such as /rj/, /ji/, /jw/ and /jwi/.  The medial groups phonologically with the rime rather than the onset, and the combination of medial and rime is collectively known as the final."}
{"id": "doc752669", "text": "In 2010, she played her first comedy role, in the British independent romantic comedy film The Decoy Bride.[19] The Decoy Bride was released in 2012. In 2011, she played the \"Grey Lady\" (revealed to be Helena Ravenclaw) in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2, the final instalment of the Harry Potter film franchise. She replaced Nina Young, the original actress in the role. In 2012, she provided the voice of Merida, the heroine of the Disney/Pixar film Brave, and starred as Dolly in Anna Karenina."}
{"id": "doc753576", "text": "Radon (/\u02c8re\u026ad\u0252n/ RAY-don) is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless[citation needed] noble gas, occurring naturally as the decay product of uranium or thorium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days. Radon is one of the densest substances that remains a gas under normal conditions. It is also the only gas that is radioactive under normal conditions, and is considered a health hazard due to its radioactivity. Intense radioactivity also hindered chemical studies of radon and only a few compounds are known."}
{"id": "doc754076", "text": "Let the product be represented by P:"}
{"id": "doc754366", "text": "The Rolling Stones"}
{"id": "doc754593", "text": "Following the adoption of the M16 rifle, carbine variants were also adopted for close quarters operations. The CAR-15 family of weapons served through the Vietnam War. However, these carbines had design issues, as \"the barrel length was halved\" to 10 inches which \"upset the ballistics\", reducing its range and accuracy and \"led to considerable muzzle flash and blast, so that a large flash suppressor had to be fitted\".[8] \"Nevertheless, as a short-range weapon it is quite adequate and thus, (despite) its caliber, (the XM177 \"Commando\") is classed as a submachine gun.\"[8] In 1984, Colt began work on a new carbine design called the XM4 combining the best features of the Colt Commando and later the M16A2 rifles."}
{"id": "doc755217", "text": "Let freedom reign."}
{"id": "doc755350", "text": "In Germany, the show was given the title Tod in Belfast (\"Death in Belfast\"); the first two series aired together in Germany on ZDF from 15 November to 16 December 2015.[38] The two series were shown in a recut containing 6 episodes with each being 90 minutes long and a total of 540 minutes altogether. This equates to approximately 120 minutes of the whole material of series 1 and 2 being cut. The uncut version was later shown in re-runs by channels ZDFneo and Sky Krimi."}
{"id": "doc756402", "text": "The 2016 TV series follows another army medic, Lance Corporal Georgie Lane (Michelle Keegan), on a humanitarian tour to Kenya with 2 section, and she quickly gets swept up into the antics of a terrorist group. Molly is written out with the story that she has returned for a short tour to Afghanistan (like she does at the end of series 1). It is briefly mentioned by Captain James that he and Molly are now married.[12]"}
{"id": "doc757822", "text": "The English form \"roc\" originates from Arabic ru\u1e35\u1e35 (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064f\u062e\u0651\u200e, translit.\u00a0ar-ru\u1e2b\u1e2b) and that from Persian ru\u1e35.[1] In both languages, Arabic and Persian, the word is written in Arabic alphabet as \u0631\u062e. Common romanizations are ru\u1e35\u1e35 for the Arabic form[1] and ru\u1e35,[1] rokh or rukh for the Persian form."}
{"id": "doc758444", "text": "Bhagya Memorial Girls High School at Esamia Bazar, Koti, Hyderabad, Telangana, which he started in 1913 is still functioning."}
{"id": "doc758677", "text": "A performance which is frequently referenced as an example of the play's curse was the outdoor production directed by Burgess Meredith in 1953 in the British colony of Bermuda, starring Charlton Heston. Using the imposing spectacle of Fort St. Catherine as a key element of the set, the production was plagued by a host of mishaps, including Charlton Heston being burned when his tights caught fire.[113][114]"}
{"id": "doc758894", "text": "The porpoise eye is relatively small for its size, yet they do retain a good degree of eyesight. As well as this, the eyes of a porpoise are placed on the sides of its head, so their vision consists of two fields, rather than a binocular view like humans have. When porpoises surface, their lens and cornea correct the nearsightedness that results from the refraction of light; their eyes contain both rod and cone cells, meaning they can see in both dim and bright light. Porpoises do, however, lack short wavelength sensitive visual pigments in their cone cells indicating a more limited capacity for colour vision than most mammals.[22] Most porpoises have slightly flattened eyeballs, enlarged pupils (which shrink as they surface to prevent damage), slightly flattened corneas and a tapetum lucidum; these adaptations allow for large amounts of light to pass through the eye and, therefore, they are able to form a very clear image of the surrounding area.[19]"}
{"id": "doc758964", "text": "On February 28, 2012, the production of a sequel was announced; it would be directed by Paul Tibbitt, written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger and produced by Stephen Hillenburg[163] for a late-2014 release.[164][165][166] On August 1, 2013, Paramount changed the sequel's release date to February 13, 2015.[167][168][169] It was announced in early June 2014 that the film would instead be released on February 6, 2015, to avoid competition with Universal Pictures' Fifty Shades of Grey, which was set for a February 13, 2015 release.[170] A third film has been announced and had a release date of February 8, 2019, but, in March 2017, it was pushed to August 2, 2019.[171]"}
{"id": "doc759527", "text": "Neural factors that limit acuity are located in the retina or the brain (or the pathway leading there). Examples for the first are a detached retina and macular degeneration, to name just two. Another common impairment, amblyopia, is caused by the visual brain not having developed properly in early childhood. In some cases, low visual acuity is caused by brain damage, such as from traumatic brain injury or stroke. When optical factors are corrected for, acuity can be considered a measure of neural well-functioning."}
{"id": "doc759547", "text": "Light travels from the fixation object to the fovea through an imaginary path called the visual axis. The eye's tissues and structures that are in the visual axis (and also the tissues adjacent to it) affect the quality of the image. These structures are: tear film, cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, vitreous, and finally the retina. The posterior part of the retina, called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is responsible for, among many other things, absorbing light that crosses the retina so it cannot bounce to other parts of the retina. Interestingly, in many vertebrates, such as cats, where high visual acuity is not a priority, there is a reflecting tapetum layer that gives the photoreceptors a \"second chance\" to absorb the light, thus improving the ability to see in the dark. This is what causes an animal's eyes to seemingly glow in the dark when a light is shone on them. The RPE also has a vital function of recycling the chemicals used by the rods and cones in photon detection. If the RPE is damaged and does not clean up this \"shed\" blindness can result."}
{"id": "doc759589", "text": "Vernier acuity measures the ability to align two line segments. Humans can do this with remarkable accuracy. This success is sometimes regarded as hyperacuity. Under optimal conditions of good illumination, high contrast, and long line segments, the limit to vernier acuity is about 8 arc seconds or 0.13 arc minutes, compared to about 0.6 arc minutes (6/4) for normal visual acuity or the 0.4 arc minute diameter of a foveal cone. Because the limit of vernier acuity is well below that imposed on regular visual acuity by the \"retinal grain\" or size of the foveal cones, it is thought to be a process of the visual cortex rather than the retina. Supporting this idea, vernier acuity seems to correspond very closely (and may have the same underlying mechanism) enabling one to discern very slight differences in the orientations of two lines, where orientation is known to be processed in the visual cortex."}
{"id": "doc759590", "text": "The smallest detectable visual angle produced by a single fine dark line against a uniformly illuminated background is also much less than foveal cone size or regular visual acuity. In this case, under optimal conditions, the limit is about 0.5 arc seconds or only about 2% of the diameter of a foveal cone. This produces a contrast of about 1% with the illumination of surrounding cones. The mechanism of detection is the ability to detect such small differences in contrast or illumination, and does not depend on the angular width of the bar, which cannot be discerned. Thus as the line gets finer, it appears to get fainter but not thinner."}
{"id": "doc759856", "text": "On 17 February 2014, Rowling announced that the second Cormoran Strike novel, named The Silkworm, would be released in June 2014. It sees Strike investigating the disappearance of a writer hated by many of his old friends for insulting them in his new novel.[153]"}
{"id": "doc760435", "text": "There was a reading sometime in 2010, with Kristen Bell as Veronica, Christian Campbell as J.D., and Jenna Leigh Green, Corri English, and Christine Lakin as the Heathers.[2]"}
{"id": "doc761123", "text": "This genus is divided into several sections:"}
{"id": "doc761186", "text": "By emitting an electron and an electron antineutrino, one of the neutrons in the carbon-14 atom decays to a proton and the carbon-14 (half-life of 5700 \u00c2\u00b1 40 years[6]) decays into the stable (non-radioactive) isotope nitrogen-14."}
{"id": "doc761733", "text": "This clause was part of the Great Compromise between small and large states. The large states were unhappy with the lopsided power of small states in the Senate, and so the Origination Clause theoretically offsets the unrepresentative nature of the Senate, compensating the large states for allowing equal voting rights to Senators from small states."}
{"id": "doc762682", "text": "Movie actor Samuel L. Jackson performed Green's song in a 2017 TV Commercial for Capital One."}
{"id": "doc763934", "text": "On December 9, 1965, the Orioles traded pitcher Milt Pappas (and several others) to the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for slugging outfielder Frank Robinson. The following year, Robinson won the American League Most Valuable Player award, thus becoming the first (and so far only) man to win the MVP in each league (Robinson won the NL MVP in 1961, leading the Reds to the pennant). In addition to winning the 1966 MVP, Robinson also won the Triple Crown (leading the American League in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in), a feat also achieved the following season by Boston's Carl Yastrzemski. The Orioles won their first-ever American League championship in 1966, and in a major upset, swept the World Series by out-dueling the defending World Champion Los Angeles Dodgers, whose pitching staff was led by aces Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale. The only home run ball ever hit completely out of Memorial Stadium was slugged by Robinson on Mother's Day in 1966, off Cleveland Indians pitcher Luis Tiant. It cleared the left field single-deck portion of the grandstand. A flag was later erected near the spot the ball cleared the back wall, with simply the word \"HERE\" upon it. The flag is now in the Baltimore Orioles Museum."}
{"id": "doc764023", "text": "Originally a waltz, during the British Dixieland Revival in the 1950s and 1960s this melody was often played in fast four/four tempo, notably recorded by the Kenny Ball Band."}
{"id": "doc764184", "text": "Following the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 without issue, her first cousin twice removed, King James VI of Scotland, succeeded to the English throne as James I in the Union of the Crowns. James was descended from the Tudors through his great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII. In 1604, he adopted the title King of Great Britain. However, the two parliaments remained separate until the Acts of Union 1707.[93]"}
{"id": "doc764547", "text": "\"According to the accounts of some, they assembled the children whom they slew in the first month, buying them from their mothers. And they went on killing them in all the feasts which followed, until the rains really began. And thus they slew some on the first month, named Quauitleua; and some in the second, named Tlacaxipeualiztli; and some in the third, named Tocoztontli; and others in the fourth, named Ueitocoztli; so that until the rains began in abundance, in all the feasts they sacrificed children.\" [32]"}
{"id": "doc765127", "text": "It has long been suggested, notably by John Maddicott, that \"Robin Hood\" was a stock alias used by thieves.[92] What appears to be the first known example of \"Robin Hood\" as stock name for an outlaw dates to 1262 in Berkshire, where the surname \"Robehod\" was applied to a man apparently because he had been outlawed.[93] This could suggest two main possibilities: either that an early form of the Robin Hood legend was already well established in the mid-13th century; or alternatively that the name \"Robin Hood\" preceded the outlaw hero that we know; so that the \"Robin Hood\" of legend was so called because that was seen as an appropriate name for an outlaw."}
{"id": "doc765389", "text": "While Gallatin discussed the details of engineering, construction, and costs, including the national benefits to accrue from lowered transportation costs between domestic and international markets, his full $20 million, 10-year plan was never approved. That is not to say his plan was never implemented, however, for with experience in the War of 1812 shortly thereafter and the attendant British blockade, the continued need for such facility was soon highlighted. Since Gallatin had based his proposals on the known advantageous natural geographic features of the country, many of his proposals became the locations of navigation improvements that were surveyed, authorized, and constructed starting with the 1824 General Survey Act and the first of many pieces of rivers and harbors legislation,[3] as well by individual state-built improvements. Since these 1824 acts, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has responsibility for navigation waterway improvements and maintenance. All four proposed sections of Gallatin's intracoastal plan were eventually built; the Delaware and Raritan Canal was later abandoned for a better alternative, but the Cape Cod Canal remains in operation, and the Delaware and the Dismal Swamp portions still form part of the larger present-day Intracoastal Waterway."}
{"id": "doc768172", "text": "A widowed queen consort, or dowager queen, has an important royal position (regardless whether or not she is the mother of the reigning sovereign) but does not normally have any rights to succeed a king as monarch on his death unless she happens to be next in line to the throne (one possibility would be if the King and Queen were also cousins and childless, the King had no other siblings, and she in her other position as his cousin was also his heiress presumptive)."}
{"id": "doc768311", "text": "The cell envelope is composed of the plasma membrane and cell wall. As in other organisms, the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell. In prokaryotes, the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins and other molecules inside the cell compared to its external environment. The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is made up of a polysaccharide backbone consisting of alternating N-Acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) residues in equal amounts. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape. It is relatively porous and is not considered to be a permeability barrier for small substrates. While all bacterial cell walls (with a few exceptions e.g. extracellular parasites such as Mycoplasma) contain peptidoglycan, not all cell walls have the same overall structures. Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival, but is absent in some eukaryotes, several antibiotics (notably the penicillins and cephalosporins) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis, while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane. There are two main types of bacterial cell walls, those of gram-positive bacteria and those of gram-negative bacteria, which are differentiated by their Gram staining characteristics. For both these types of bacteria, particles of approximately 2\u00a0nm can pass through the peptidoglycan.[3] If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed, it is called a protoplast while if it's partially removed, it is called a spheroplast. \u03b2-Lactam antibiotics such as penicillin inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall. The enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears, also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body's main defense against eye infections."}
{"id": "doc768322", "text": "Unlike eukaryotes, the bacterial DNA is not enclosed inside of a membrane-bound nucleus but instead resides inside the bacterial cytoplasm. This means that the transfer of cellular information through the processes of translation, transcription and DNA replication all occur within the same compartment and can interact with other cytoplasmic structures, most notably ribosomes. The bacterial DNA is not packaged using histones to form chromatin as in eukaryotes but instead exists as a highly compact supercoiled structure, the precise nature of which remains unclear.[4] Most bacterial DNA are circular although some examples of linear DNA exist (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi). Along with chromosomal DNA, most bacteria also contain small independent pieces of DNA called plasmids that often encode for traits that are advantageous but not essential to their bacterial host. Plasmids can be easily gained or lost by a bacterium and can be transferred between bacteria as a form of horizontal gene transfer. So plasmids can be described as an extra chromosomal DNA in a bacterial cell."}
{"id": "doc768602", "text": "The film has received generally positive reviews over the years. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an 80% rating based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: \"Batman: The Movie elevates camp to an art form -- and has a blast doing it, every gloriously tongue-in-cheek inch of the way.\"[15] Bill Gibron of Filmcritic.com gave the film 3 out of 5 stars: \"Unlike other attempts at bringing these characters to life...the TV cast really captures the inherent insanity of the roles.\"[16] Variety magazine stated on their review that \"the intense innocent enthusiasm of Cesar Romero, Burgess Meredith and Frank Gorshin as the three criminals is balanced against the innocent calm of Adam West and Burt Ward, Batman and Robin respectively.\"[17]"}
{"id": "doc770526", "text": "In 1761, John Spencer (1734\u20131783), a grandson of the 3rd Earl of Sunderland, was created Baron Spencer of Althorp and Viscount Spencer in the Peerage of Great Britain by King George III. In 1765, he was further created Viscount Althorp and Earl Spencer, also in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1755, he had privately married Margaret Poyntz (1737\u20131814) in his mother's dressing room at Althorp. They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799\u20131864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of \"Father Ignatius of St Paul\". He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married the Honourable Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who later married Prince Charles in 1981."}
{"id": "doc771233", "text": "In addition to 6 cities, the Finals were once again held in Las Vegas.[4]"}
{"id": "doc771658", "text": "Presidents in the countries with a democratic or representative form of government are usually elected for a specified period of time and in some cases may be re-elected by the same process by which they are appointed, i.e. in many nations, periodic popular elections. The powers vested in such presidents vary considerably. Some presidencies, such as that of Ireland, are largely ceremonial, whereas other systems vest the president with substantive powers such as the appointment and dismissal of prime ministers or cabinets, the power to declare war, and powers of veto on legislation. In many nations the president is also the commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces, though once again this can range from a ceremonial role to one with considerable authority."}
{"id": "doc772201", "text": "The Transfiguration also echoes the teaching by Jesus (as in Matthew 22:32) that God is not \"the God of the dead, but of the living\". Although Moses had died and Elijah had been taken up to heaven centuries before (as in 2 Kings 2:11), they now live in the presence of the Son of God, implying that the same return to life can apply to all who face death and have faith.[21]"}
{"id": "doc773043", "text": "The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and thus the head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice."}
{"id": "doc773647", "text": "All songs written by George Harrison, except where noted."}
{"id": "doc773669", "text": "Investigating her father's murder, Emily learns that Conrad often spoke with a \"white-haired man\", whom she discovers is her father's killer. She becomes determined to kill him. Victoria acquires immunity as she exposes Conrad to the SEC. She later hands evidence of David Clarke's innocence over to Daniel, only for Emily to steal it from Daniel's briefcase."}
{"id": "doc773671", "text": "In the second season premiere, the Amanda (Jack Porter's boat) is shown as having sunk, with at least one casualty. Three months earlier, Emily returns to the Hamptons after a long absence and begins to investigate what happened to her mother, Kara Wallace Clarke. At a Memorial Day party, Charlotte tells Emily that Victoria is alive and in hiding before she is taken back to rehab at Conrad's doing. After Emily visits Victoria, she contracts the white-haired man to kill her."}
{"id": "doc775913", "text": "The series is part of the main prime time schedule for TV3, and was first broadcast on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 8:30pm. Initially, the channel revealed that it had commissioned 40 weeks worth of episodes, to air right through until December of that year, with a mid-series break. From September 2016, the series received a major overhaul, with the theme tune being replaced and episodes extended to double length, with only one episode broadcast per week. The series was also moved to 9:00pm on Mondays to allow for story lines and scenes to be grittier, as the series would be post-watershed. A special double episode, commemorating two years on air, was broadcast on January 9, 2017. According to initial showrunner Peter McKenna, 160 episodes have been commissioned, with 60 scripted before the series was brought to air. With each series containing 40 episodes, the series is expected to run for four years before coming up for recommission.[3]"}
{"id": "doc776137", "text": "While a free neutron has a half life of about 10.2 min, most neutrons within nuclei are stable. According to the nuclear shell model, the protons and neutrons of a nuclide are a quantum mechanical system organized into discrete energy levels with unique quantum numbers. For a neutron to decay, the resulting proton requires an available state at lower energy than the initial neutron state. In stable nuclei the possible lower energy states are all filled, meaning they are each occupied by two protons with spin up and spin down. The Pauli exclusion principle therefore disallows the decay of a neutron to a proton within stable nuclei. The situation is similar to electrons of an atom, where electrons have distinct atomic orbitals and are prevented from decaying to lower energy states, with the emission of a photon, by the exclusion principle."}
{"id": "doc776139", "text": "Inside a nucleus, a proton can transform into a neutron via inverse beta decay, if an energetically allowed quantum state is available for the neutron. This transformation occurs by emission of a positron and an electron neutrino:"}
{"id": "doc776142", "text": "Three types of beta decay in competition are illustrated by the single isotope copper-64 (29 protons, 35 neutrons), which has a half-life of about 12.7 hours. This isotope has one unpaired proton and one unpaired neutron, so either the proton or the neutron can decay. This particular nuclide is almost equally likely to undergo proton decay (by positron emission, 18% or by electron capture, 43%) or neutron decay (by electron emission, 39%)."}
{"id": "doc776173", "text": "In practice, the most commonly used small laboratory sources of neutrons use radioactive decay to power neutron production. One noted neutron-producing radioisotope, californium-252 decays (half-life 2.65 years) by spontaneous fission 3% of the time with production of 3.7 neutrons per fission, and is used alone as a neutron source from this process. Nuclear reaction sources (that involve two materials) powered by radioisotopes use an alpha decay source plus a beryllium target, or else a source of high-energy gamma radiation from a source that undergoes beta decay followed by gamma decay, which produces photoneutrons on interaction of the high-energy gamma ray with ordinary stable beryllium, or else with the deuterium in heavy water. A popular source of the latter type is radioactive antimony-124 plus beryllium, a system with a half-life of 60.9 days, which can be constructed from natural antimony (which is 42.8% stable antimony-123) by activating it with neutrons in a nuclear reactor, then transported to where the neutron source is needed.[82]"}
{"id": "doc776472", "text": "The ISO/IEC 9899:1999 publication (commonly known as C99) also allows initial declarations in for loops. All the three sections in the for loop are optional."}
{"id": "doc778535", "text": "\u2020 \u2013 Species is extinct worldwide"}
{"id": "doc779483", "text": "In Disney's 2002 direct-to-video sequel, The Hunchback of Notre Dame II, Quasimodo (again voiced by Hulce) reappears as the protagonist. He remains a bell-ringer, still living in Notre Dame with the gargoyles. He finds love in a beautiful circus performer named Madellaine (voiced by Jennifer Love Hewitt), who ultimately reveals that she is aware that the gargoyles are alive. His love for Madellaine is briefly strained when he learns she was actually working on behalf of a criminal mastermind named Sarousch who plans to steal a particularly valuable bell, La Fidele, from Notre Dame. Madellaine's true feelings for Quasimodo overcome her loyalty to Sarousch, however, and she aids Quasimodo in bringing Sarousch to justice. Quasimodo forgives Madellaine and the two pledge their love to each other."}
{"id": "doc779563", "text": "In most Latin American countries, for example, Costa Rica,[82] Mexico,[83] and Puerto Rico, Saint Valentine's Day is known as D\u00eda de los Enamorados (day of lovers)[84] or as D\u00eda del Amor y la Amistad (Day of Love and Friendship). It is also common to see people perform \"acts of appreciation\" for their friends.[85] In Guatemala it is known as the \"D\u00eda del Cari\u00f1o\" (Affection Day).[86] Some countries, in particular the Dominican Republic and El Salvador,[87] have a tradition called Amigo secreto (\"Secret friend\"), which is a game similar to the Christmas tradition of Secret Santa.[85]"}
{"id": "doc781153", "text": "The script for the film was listed on Hollywood's 2013 Black List.[15] In January 2014, Garrett Hedlund was cast as a younger version of Captain Hook.[16] On January 24, 2014, Jackman was officially cast as the pirate Blackbeard.[9] In February, a casting call was issued for the role of Peter Pan,[17] which went to newcomer Levi Miller in March.[8] In April 2014, Amanda Seyfried was cast.[10] In August 2014, British model Cara Delevingne was chosen to play a mermaid.[18] Rooney Mara was cast as Tiger Lily,[19] causing controversy due to her being of European ancestry, while Tiger Lily is traditionally portrayed as a Native American.[20] Also considered for the role of Tiger Lily were actresses Lupita Nyong'o and Ad\u00e8le Exarchopoulos.[21]"}
{"id": "doc781160", "text": "The film opened in the United Kingdom on October 16, 2015, and France on October 21, 2015, followed by China on October 22, 2015, Japan on October 31, 2015, and Italy on November 12, 2015.[35]"}
{"id": "doc781344", "text": "Boca Grande provided the backdrop for Denzel Washington's movie, Out of Time, where the quiet village was renamed \"Banyan Key\" in reference to the banyan trees that populate the island. Scenes for the 2006 film based on Carl Hiaasen's book Hoot were also filmed on the island, which was again renamed for the filming. This time it became \"Coconut Cove\".[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc782194", "text": "The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw, which was held on 15 April 2016 at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.[23]"}
{"id": "doc782782", "text": "Antibiotics are often grouped by their ability to act on different bacterial groups. Although bacteria are biologically classified using taxonomy, disease-causing bacteria have historically been classified by their microscopic appearance and chemical function. The morphology of the organism may be classified as cocci, diplococci, bacilli (also known as \"rods\"), spiral-shaped or pleomorphic. Additional classification occurs through the organism's ability to take up the Gram stain and counter-stain; bacteria that take up the crystal violet dye stain are referred to as \"gram-positive,\" those that take up the counterstain only are \"gram-negative,\" and those that remain unstained are referred to as \"atypical.\"  Further classification includes their requirement for oxygen (ie, aerobic or anaerobic), patterns of hemolysis, or other chemical properties. The most commonly encountered groupings of bacteria include gram-positive cocci, gram-negative bacilli, atypical bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria.[4] Antibiotics are often grouped by their ability to act on different bacterial groups. For example, 1st-generation cephalosporins are primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria, while 4th-generation cephalosporins are generally effective against gram-negative bacteria."}
{"id": "doc783135", "text": "However, the film remained true to its source material--in particular, the notion that Kimble's kindness led him to help others even when it posed a danger to his liberty or physical safety. The film also showed Gerard pursuing his own investigation into the murder as part of his pursuit of Kimble and coming up with his own doubts as to the case. To coincide with the theatrical release, NBC aired the show's first and last episodes in the summer of 1993, and later hosted the film's broadcast television premiere in 1996. Jones received the 1993 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The film was nominated for six other Academy Awards, including Best Picture. It also spawned a spin-off, U.S. Marshals, in which Jones reprised his role as Gerard. The motion picture was later developed into a parody film as well called Wrongfully Accused, with actor Leslie Nielsen portraying the lead character."}
{"id": "doc783136", "text": "In Other Languages"}
{"id": "doc783808", "text": "The House of Representatives, the Lower House, is made up of 63 (previously 60) Members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies."}
{"id": "doc785041", "text": "New York City was the national capital under the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, the first government. That organization was found to be insufficient, and prominent New Yorker Alexander Hamilton advocated a new government that would include an executive, national courts, and the power to tax. Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention (1786) that called for the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the United States Constitution, in which he also took part. The new government was to be a strong federal national government to replace the relatively weaker confederation of individual states. Following heated debate, which included the publication of the now quintessential constitutional interpretation\u2014The Federalist Papers\u2014as a series of installments in New York City newspapers, New York was the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.[57] New York remained the national capital under the new constitution until 1790, and was the site of the inauguration of President George Washington, the drafting of the United States Bill of Rights, and the first session of the United States Supreme Court. Hamilton's revival of the heavily indebted United States economy after the war and the creation of a national bank significantly contributed to New York City becoming the financial center of the new nation."}
{"id": "doc785116", "text": "The State of New York sends 27 members to the House of Representatives[205] in addition to its two United States Senators. As of the 2000 census and the redistricting for the 2002 elections, the state had 29 members in the House, but the representation was reduced to 27 in 2013 due to the state's slower overall population growth relative to the overall national population growth.[206] From 2016, New York will have 29 electoral votes in national presidential elections (a drop from its peak of 47 votes from 1933 to 1953)."}
{"id": "doc785515", "text": "It is often elongated to a phrase such as \"Talk to the hand, because the ears ain't listening\" or \"Talk to the hand, because the face ain't listening.\"[2]"}
{"id": "doc786083", "text": "In June 2013, shortly after the game's main release, a PlayStation 4 version was announced; it would not be released until January of the following year.[32] In a January 2014 interview, Rollins mentioned internal discussions of creating a PlayStation Vita version of Don't Starve, citing massive community interest in playing it on the PlayStation 4 remotely. An iOS edition[33] was released in July 2014. The company is also considering other mobile phone adaptations,[6] as well as a potential sequel,[12] but is not prioritizing them.[6]"}
{"id": "doc786740", "text": "On 27 November 2017, Clarence House announced that Prince Harry would marry Markle in the spring of 2018.[6] They were engaged earlier the same month in London, with the Prince giving Markle a bespoke engagement ring made by Cleave and Company, the court jewellers and medalists to the Queen, consisting of a large central diamond from Botswana, with two smaller diamonds from his mother's jewellery collection.[7] At the same time, it was announced that they would live at Nottingham Cottage in the grounds of Kensington Palace following their marriage.[8]"}
{"id": "doc787596", "text": "Batman (also known as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 film adaptation of the popular Batman television series, and was the first full-length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character. The 20th Century Fox release starred Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin, as well as Cesar Romero as the Joker, Burgess Meredith as the Penguin, Lee Meriwether as Catwoman, and Frank Gorshin as the Riddler."}
{"id": "doc787597", "text": "The film was directed by Leslie H. Martinson, who also directed a pair of Batman episodes: \"The Penguin Goes Straight\" and \"Not Yet, He Ain't,\" both from season one."}
{"id": "doc787600", "text": "Tom Mankiewicz completed a script titled The Batman in June 1983, focusing on Batman and Dick Grayson's origins, with the Joker and Rupert Thorne as villains, and Silver St. Cloud as the romantic interest.[12] Mankiewicz took inspiration from the limited series Batman: Strange Apparitions (ISBN\u00c2\u00a01-56389-500-5), written by Steve Englehart.[13] Comic book artist Marshall Rogers, who worked with Englehart on Strange Apparitions, was hired for concept art.[10] The Batman was then announced in late 1983 for a mid-1985 release date on a budget of $20 million. Originally, Mankiewicz had wanted an unknown actor for Batman, William Holden for James Gordon, David Niven as Alfred Pennyworth and Peter O'Toole as the Penguin who Mankiewicz wanted to portray as a mobster with low body temperature.[11] Holden died in 1981 and Niven in 1983, so this would never come to pass. A number of filmmakers were attached to Mankiewicz' script, including Ivan Reitman and Joe Dante. Reitman wanted to cast Bill Murray as Batman. For the role of Robin, Eddie Murphy and Michael J. Fox were candidates.[14] Nine rewrites were performed by nine separate writers. Most of them were based on Strange Apparitions. However, it was Mankiewicz's script that was still being used to guide the project.[15]"}
{"id": "doc787615", "text": "Following a rejected Batman origin story reboot Joss Whedon pitched in December 2002,[74][75] Warner Bros. hired Christopher Nolan and David S. Goyer to script Batman Begins.[76] The duo aimed for a darker and more realistic tone, with humanity and realism being the basis of the film.[77] The film was primarily shot in the United Kingdom and Chicago,[78][79] and relied on traditional stunts and scale models with minimal use of computer-generated imagery. Christian Bale starred as Batman, Liam Neeson starred as Ra's al Ghul, and Cillian Murphy as The Scarecrow. Katie Holmes also starred in the movie as Bruce's love interest, Rachel Dawes, a role created for the film. Alfred, the ex-British Army SAS member was played by Michael Caine and Jim Gordon was portrayed by Gary Oldman. A new Batmobile (called the Tumbler) and a more mobile Batsuit were both created specifically for the film.[80][81] The film begins with the death of Bruce's parents and then explores his decision to leave Gotham and his training under the League of Assassins with Ra's al Ghul, before he rebels against the League and adopts the guise of Batman, recognising that he cannot condone their use of lethal force. The League attempt to attack Gotham using Jonathan Crane's weaponised fear toxin, but Batman is able to defeat their plan, with Ra's being killed when a train he is in crashes during a fight with Batman."}
{"id": "doc787828", "text": "In keeping with the Beatles' usual philosophy that tracks released on a single should not appear on new albums, both \"Strawberry Fields Forever\" and \"Penny Lane\" were left off Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.[169] Martin later stated that this was an approach that he had encouraged, and it was a \"dreadful mistake\".[127] The Beatles were displeased that Capitol then included the two songs, along with the band's other non-album singles tracks from 1967, on the Magical Mystery Tour LP, which the company released as a full-length album, in contrast to the six-track double EP released in the UK and many other countries.[174][175]"}
{"id": "doc788472", "text": "Celestial bodies rotating about each other often have elliptic orbits. The special case of circular orbits is an example of a rotation around a fixed axis: this axis is the line through the center of mass perpendicular to the plane of motion. The centripetal force is provided by gravity, see also two-body problem. This usually also applies for a spinning celestial body, so it need not be solid to keep together, unless the angular speed is too high in relation to its density. (It will, however, tend to become oblate.) For example, a spinning celestial body of water must take at least 3 hours and 18 minutes to rotate, regardless of size, or the water will separate[citation needed]. If the density of the fluid is higher the time can be less. See orbital period.[3]"}
{"id": "doc789140", "text": "Human societies are part of the Earth's NPP cycle, but exert a disproportionate influence in it.[27] In 1996, Josep Gar\u00c3\u00ad designed a new indicator of sustainable development based precisely on the estimation of the human appropriation of NPP: he coined it \"HANPP\" (Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production) and introduced it at the inaugural conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics.[28] HANPP has since been further developed and widely applied in research on ecological economics as well as in policy analysis for sustainability. HANPP represents a proxy of the human impact on Nature and can be applied to different geographical scales and also globally."}
{"id": "doc790970", "text": "During his litter duty where Bob helps him, the Grubbs arrive to reveal Joe's deal with them. Bob, angered, calls Joe a spoiled brat and leaves in anger."}
{"id": "doc792177", "text": "The text of Article XV to the United States Constitution, ratified February 3, 1870, states that:"}
{"id": "doc794321", "text": "Post-War NOMA plastic, electrified angel tree-topper"}
{"id": "doc795696", "text": "Breslin and DeRosa deduce Kimbral\u2019s identity as the prison\u2019s owner, and learn that Kimbral kidnapped the operatives as revenge. Breslin is also taken to the prison and Kimbral challenges him to break out of the Prison. Using a high-tech communications toothimplanted inside Breslin,  Hush tries to get the layout of the prison from the outside. Breslin, Shu, and Luke communicate without cameras noticing them when Hush momentarily disables the cameras. Yusheng, Akala, the remaining two Legions, and the cook help on the prison escape. Hush gets 100% layout of the prison and shuts down Galileo. Everyone uses the chance to get to the medical center. The Legions and Akala stay there, while Breslin, Shu, Luke and Yusheng continue on with their plan. While attempting to maintain control of the medical center, the Legions and Akala are killed by Kimbral\u2019s men. Breslin, Shu, Luke and Yusheng get scattered."}
{"id": "doc796735", "text": "Members of the British royal family are granted their own personal arms which are based on the Royal Arms. Only children and grandchildren in the male line of the monarch are entitled to arms in this fashion\u00c2\u00a0: the arms of children of the monarch are differenced with a three-point label; grandchildren of the monarch are differenced with a five-point label. An exception is made for the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, who bears a three-point label. Since 1911, the arms of the Prince of Wales also displays an inescutcheon of the ancient arms of the Principality of Wales. Queens consort and the wives of sons of the monarch also have their own personal coat of arms. Typically this will be the arms of their husband impaled with their own personal arms or those of their father, if armigerous. However, the consorts of a Queen regnant are not entitled to use the Royal Arms. Thus Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh has been granted his own personal arms."}
{"id": "doc796846", "text": "Note: Varies by jurisdiction"}
{"id": "doc799193", "text": "The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the interlobar arteries. The interlobar arteries each in turn branch into arcuate arteries, which in turn branch to form interlobular arteries, and these finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel and into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, through the distal tubule and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal pelvis, the dilated portion of the ureter."}
{"id": "doc799956", "text": "where EL is the ecliptic longitude (essentially, the Earth's position in its orbit). Since the Earth's orbital eccentricity is small, its orbit can be approximated as a circle which causes up to 1\u00b0 of error. The circle approximation means the EL would be 90\u00b0 ahead of the solstices in Earth's orbit (at the equinoxes), so that sin(EL) can be written as sin(90+NDS)=cos(NDS) where NDS is the number of days after the December solstice. By also using the approximation that arcsin[sin(d)\u00b7cos(NDS)] is close to d\u00b7cos(NDS), the following frequently used formula is obtained:"}
{"id": "doc801039", "text": "Examples of plants that use runners are strawberries and currants."}
{"id": "doc802395", "text": "The retaining walls of the platform contain several gateways, all currently blocked. In the eastern wall is the Golden Gate, through which legend states the Jewish Messiah would enter Jerusalem. On the southern face are the Hulda Gates \u2014 the triple gate (which has three arches) and the double gate (which has two arches, and is partly obscured by a Crusader building); these were the entrance and exit (respectively) to the Temple Mount from Ophel (the oldest part of Jerusalem), and the main access to the Mount for ordinary Jews. In the western face, near the southern corner, is the Barclay's Gate \u2013 only half visible due to a building (the \"house of Abu Sa'ud\") on the northern side. Also in the western face, hidden by later construction but visible via the recent Western Wall Tunnels, and only rediscovered by Warren, is Warren's Gate; the function of these western gates is obscure, but many Jews view Warren's Gate as particularly holy, due to its location due west of the Dome of the Rock. Traditional belief considers the Dome of the Rock to have earlier been the location at which the Holy of Holies was placed; numerous alternative opinions exist, based on study and calculations, such as those of Tuvia Sagiv.[145]"}
{"id": "doc802441", "text": "D.S. Armstrong develops a sudden attraction to Leela Lomax (Kirsty-Leigh Porter), who begins receiving sinister messages. Leela immediately reports this to the police and Armstrong takes charge of the case. D.S. Armstrong implies to Leela that her friend, Zack Loveday (Duayne Boachie), could be stalking her, which Leela assumes. D.S. Armstrong provides Leela with her stalker's number and when she calls it, the phone rings in her daughter, Peri Lomax's (Ruby O'Donnell), bag. Peri denies any involvement and D.S. Armstrong concludes the stalker planted the phone on Peri. He later claims that Leela's former husband, Cameron Campbell (Cameron Moore), who is a serial killer, has escaped from prison, with the Lomax family losing their electricity shortly after. D.S. Armstrong fixes their electricity and claims Cameron had been hiding and never escaped. Leela thanks D.S. Armstrong and it is revealed that he is stalking Leela and watching her after planting a virus on her laptop."}
{"id": "doc802928", "text": "While originally announced for a 2016 release, as of June 2018 it has yet to find a distributor and has not been released.[27]"}
{"id": "doc802931", "text": "After the events at Wallace University, Dean Cathy Munsch becomes a global icon and purchases the C.U.R.E. Institute in order to reform America's health care system and to cure incurable diseases. Hester confesses her crimes, leading to the Chanels' release from prison. However, the Chanels remain hated in the nation. Cathy then casts two doctors \u2014 Dr. Cassidy Cascade and Dr. Brock Holt \u2014 to fulfill the mission of the hospital, and installs Zayday Williams and the Chanels as medical students. Meanwhile, flashbacks back to 1985 show the hospital's dark past, as a new serial killer surfaces: the Green Meanie."}
{"id": "doc804930", "text": "Instead of passages from Bernard Barton, however, and Mary Howitt, we think we could have gathered more from the seventeenth century poets; and especially might larger use have been made of that touchingly simple class of religious ballads, which under the name of carols, &c., is so rife throughout the rural districts, and the humbler quarters of England's great towns. Many of these are only orally preserved, but with a little trouble a large number might be recovered. We have before us at this time a collection of carols printed in the cheapest form, at Birmingham, uniting for the most part extreme simplicity, with distinct doctrinal teaching, a combination which constitutes the excellence of a popular religious literature. From this little volume we will extract one which might well take the place of the passage from Milton for Christmas Day. It is called the \"Holly and the Ivy.\""}
{"id": "doc806787", "text": "MC Mong was given this name for his brotherhood in term of answering the quiz wrongly with Eun Jiwon, who was called Ilseop."}
{"id": "doc807066", "text": "The number of cams on each wheel equalled the number of impulses needed to cause them to complete a full rotation. These numbers are all co-prime with each other, giving the longest possible time before the pattern repeated. This number is the product of the number of positions of the wheels i.e. 43 \u00d7 47 \u00d7 51 \u00d7 53 \u00d7 59 \u00d7 37 \u00d7 61 \u00d7 41 \u00d7 31 \u00d7 29 \u00d7 26 \u00d7 23 = 1.6034 \u00d7 1019 (16 billion billion). However, if the five impulses are considered independently, the numbers are much more manageable. The product of the rotation period of any pair of \u03c7 wheels gives numbers between 41 \u00d7 31 = 1271 and 26 \u00d7 23 = 598."}
{"id": "doc809023", "text": "From 1984 through 1992, Sebastian was portrayed by John Routh, who also portrayed The Miami Maniac at baseball games, and later Billy the Marlin for the Florida Marlins. Routh created what is now Sebastian's signature: the C-A-N-E-S cheer, where Sebastian forms the letters with his body.[5]"}
{"id": "doc810925", "text": "Another is used for \"calculating\" the multiples of 9 up to 9 \u00d7 10 using one's fingers. Begin by holding out both hands with all fingers stretched out. Now count left to right the number of fingers that indicates the multiple. For example, to figure 9 \u00d7 4, count four fingers from the left, ending at your left-hand ring finger. Bend this finger down and count the remaining fingers. Fingers to the left of the bent finger represent tens, fingers to the right are ones. There are three fingers to the left and six to the right, which indicates 9 \u00d7 4 = 36. This works for 9 \u00d7 1 up through 9 \u00d7 10."}
{"id": "doc811414", "text": "In the United States, the show was originally licensed by 4Kids Entertainment, which aired and dubbed the first three seasons of the show for Fox's Saturday morning block, the Fox Box, later renamed 4Kids TV, from 2004 to 2007. In 2010, Nickelodeon acquired the rights to localize the series across the United States. Nickelodeon created four one-hour specials to summarize the first two seasons, re-dubbed the third season, produced a new dub for the fourth season, and also co-produced the fifth and sixth seasons. From 26 July 2015 to 23 August 2016, re-runs were shown on Nick Jr. Re-runs began on airing on the Sinclair Broadcast Group children's block, KidsClick, on 9 October 2017.[1]"}
{"id": "doc811624", "text": "The phrase was uttered on 6 November 1938 during Mao's concluding speech while addressing the \"Problems on War and Strategy\" on the party's sixth Central Committee's sixth Plenary session.[2]"}
{"id": "doc811646", "text": "There are other forms of reasoning that are rational but that are generally not taken to be part of logic.  These include inductive reasoning, which covers forms of inference that move from collections of particular judgements to universal judgements, and abductive reasoning,[14] which is a form of inference that goes from observation to a hypothesis that accounts for the reliable data (observation) and seeks to explain relevant evidence. The American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1914) first introduced the term as \"guessing\".[15] Peirce said that to abduce a hypothetical explanation \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n from an observed surprising circumstance \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n is to surmise that \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n may be true because then \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n would be a matter of course.[16] Thus, to abduce \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n from \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n involves determining that \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n is sufficient (or nearly sufficient), but not necessary, for \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n."}
{"id": "doc812322", "text": "The positron emitted by the decay by beta emission usually annihilates immediately with an electron. Their mass-energies plus their kinetic energy is carried off by two gamma rays (photons) with the mass-energy of 511 keV (thousand electron-volts) apiece."}
{"id": "doc812329", "text": "4p \u2192 4He + 2e+ + 2\u03bde"}
{"id": "doc812339", "text": "Deuterium can also be produced by the rare pep (proton\u2013electron\u2013proton) reaction (electron capture):"}
{"id": "doc812613", "text": "Republican candidates include U.S. Representative Lou Barletta,[119] Pennsylvania House of Representatives members Rick Saccone[126] and Jim Christiana,[122] Berwick councilman Andrew Shecktor,[127] Paul Addis,[117] Cynthia Ayers,[118] Jeff Bartos,[120] Paul DeLong,[123] and Robert \"Bobby\" Lawrence.[125]"}
{"id": "doc813141", "text": "During the Moorish period, the town was called Sherish (a transliteration of the Arabic \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0634), from which both Sherry and Jerez are derived. Wines similar in style to Sherry have traditionally been made in the city of Shiraz in mid-southern Iran, but it is thought unlikely that the name derives from there.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc813649", "text": "Pennsylvania radio markets"}
{"id": "doc814675", "text": "The name Poitier actually came from a planter of English heritage who immigrated to Cat Island from Jamaica in the early 1800s. His name was Charles Leonard Poitier. In 1834, his wife's estate on Cat Island had 86 slaves, 39 males and 47 females. The slaves kept the name Poitier, a name that was introduced into England during the Norman conquest in the 11th century. That is where the Poitier name actually came from - not from Haiti.[15][16]"}
{"id": "doc817616", "text": "Some modern scholars, including Andrew Cunningham, Perry Williams and Floris Cohen, argue that natural philosophy is not properly called a science, and that genuine scientific inquiry began only with the scientific revolution.[58] According to Cohen, \"the emancipation of science from an overarching entity called 'natural philosophy' is one defining characteristic of the Scientific Revolution.\"[58] Other historians of science, including Edward Grant, contend that the scientific revolution that blossomed in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries occurred when principles learned in the exact sciences of optics, mechanics and astronomy began to be applied to questions raised by natural philosophy.[58] Grant argues that Newton attempted to expose the mathematical basis of nature \u2013 the immutable rules it obeyed \u2013 and in doing so joined natural philosophy and mathematics for the first time, producing an early work of modern physics.[59]"}
{"id": "doc818346", "text": "== Before"}
{"id": "doc821572", "text": "The practice of using names to identify tropical cyclones goes back several centuries, with storms named after places, saints or things they hit before the formal start of naming in each basin. Examples of such names are the 1911 Ship Cyclone, the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane and the 1938 New England hurricane. The system currently in place provides identification of tropical cyclones in a brief form that is easily understood and recognized by the public. The credit for the first usage of personal names for weather systems is given to the Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge, who named tropical cyclones and anticyclones between 1887 and 1907. This system of naming fell into disuse for several years after Wragge retired, until it was revived in the latter part of World War II for the Western Pacific. Over the following decades formal naming schemes were introduced for several tropical cyclone basins, including the North and South Atlantic, Eastern, Central, Western and Southern Pacific basins as well as the Australian region and Indian Ocean."}
{"id": "doc821574", "text": "The practice of using names to identify tropical cyclones goes back several centuries, with systems named after places, saints or things they hit before the formal start of naming in each basin.[1][2][3] Examples include the 1526 San Francisco hurricane, the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane and the 1938 New England hurricane.[3] Credit for the first usage of personal names for weather is generally given to the Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge, who named named tropical cyclones and anticyclones between 1887\u20131907.[4] Wragge used names drawn from the letters of the Greek alphabet, Greek and Roman mythology and female names, to describe weather systems over Australia, New Zealand and the Antarctic.[2][4] After the new Australian government had failed to create a federal weather bureau and appoint him director, Wragge started naming cyclones after political figures.[5] This system of naming weather systems subsequently fell into disuse for several years after Wragge retired, until it was revived in the latter part of the Second World War.[4] Despite falling into disuse the naming scheme was occasionally mentioned in the press, with an editorial published in the Launceston Examiner newspaper on October 5, 1935 that called for the return of the naming scheme.[1][6] Wragge's naming was also mentioned within Sir Napier Shaw\u2019s \u201cManual of Meteorology\u201d which likened it to a \"child naming waves\".[1]"}
{"id": "doc823398", "text": "On Wednesday September 18, 1968 The Beatles interrupted recording \"Birthday\" at Abbey Road Studios so they could go back to Paul McCartney's house to watch the British TV premiere of the film.[7]"}
{"id": "doc823832", "text": "Subsequent episodes were met with lesser praise by some critics, criticizing the show's reliance upon increasingly implausible red herrings to drive each episode and the withholding of details about each character's background, especially Rosie's, thus making them difficult to relate to or empathize with.[34][35] The first-season finale was met with negative reviews from a number of critics. The Los Angeles Times called it \"one of the most frustrating finales in TV history\",[36] with Alan Sepinwall of HitFix calling the end \"insulting\".[37] Finally, Maureen Ryan of AOL TV said the season \"killed off any interest I had in ever watching the show again.\"[38] \"[The show] began last spring looking like the smartest, most stylish pilot in years,\" complained Heather Havrilevsky in The New York Times Magazine. \"Fast-forward to the finale, in which we learn that what we've been watching is actually a 26-hour-long episode of Law & Order, and we're only halfway through it.\"[39]"}
{"id": "doc824006", "text": "The 2019 NBA All-Star Game will be an exhibition basketball game played on February 17, 2019. It will be the 68th edition of the event. This will be the 2nd time the format will not be East/West. The game will be held at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina, home of the Charlotte Hornets.[1] Charlotte was announced as host on May 24, 2017. It will be the second time that Charlotte will host the All-Star Game, the first time was in 1991, at the Hornets' previous home arena Charlotte Coliseum.[2] The game was supposed to be played in Charlotte in 2017, but was moved to New Orleans because of controversy surrounding the Public Facilities Privacy and Security Act. The game will be televised by TNT for the 17th straight year."}
{"id": "doc824422", "text": "After birth, the ductus arteriosus regresses to form the ligamentum arteriosum. During growth, these arteries descend into their ultimate positions in the chest, creating the elongated recurrent paths.[10]:318\u00e2\u20ac\u201c323"}
{"id": "doc824694", "text": "**The full numbering adjectives in Greek are inflectional for grammatical gender (ie. there is monos [masculine for single/alone], mone [feminine for single/alone] and monon [neuter for single/alone]), grammatical case (ie. nominative, genitive etc.) and grammatical number (singular/plural). The prefixes are produced from the default grammatical type (masculine/nominative/singular)."}
{"id": "doc824758", "text": "Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery."}
{"id": "doc824776", "text": "The film was given a limited theatrical release on Christmas Day 2000, and a wide release on January 12, 2001, with a staggered release to various countries throughout most of the year. The film grossed $66,579,890 worldwide against an $80 million budget."}
{"id": "doc824947", "text": "(I) In the case of every individual other than the individual referred to in items (II) and (III) of this Paragraph or Hindu undivided family or association of persons or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, or every artificial juridical person referred to in sub-clause (vii) of clause (31) of section 2 of the Income-tax Act, not being a case to which any other Paragraph of this Part applies,\u00e2\u20ac\u201d"}
{"id": "doc825186", "text": "The 2010 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match played at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium, home of Real Madrid,[4] on Saturday, 22 May 2010, to determine the winners of the 2009\u201310 UEFA Champions League. It was the first Champions League final to be played on a Saturday, rather than the traditional Wednesday.[5] The match was won by Internazionale, who beat Bayern Munich 2\u20130 to complete the Treble, a feat never before achieved by any team from either Italy or Germany. The refereeing team came from England and was led by Howard Webb.[2]"}
{"id": "doc825187", "text": "The win gave Inter their third European Cup title, and their first since 1965; moreover, it was their first appearance in the final since 1972, and they were the first Italian team to appear since Milan won the competition in 2007. Meanwhile, Bayern had won the competition as recently as 2001 \u2013 their most recent final appearance \u2013 although they were the first German side to reach the final since Bayer Leverkusen in 2002. The 2010 final was the first not to feature an English side since Porto beat AS Monaco in 2004, due to Manchester United being knocked out by Bayern Munich in the quarter-finals on away goals. The Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium had previously hosted three European Cup finals: in 1957, 1969 and 1980."}
{"id": "doc825242", "text": "As well as being broadcast by ITV in the UK, the series was also seen overseas, particularly in the United States, where the episodes initially ran on PBS stations in the Mystery! strand. Later series gained co-production funding from Boston PBS broadcaster WGBH. The shows have also been transmitted on two US cable television stations, Disney Channel and A&E Network, and on CBC in Canada. In the UK, the series has often been repeated: on Granada Plus; on ITV3; and on BBC Two, which ran the complete series on Saturday afternoons from 2003 to 2005. This makes it one of the very few programmes originally produced by an ITV company for broadcast on their own channel to have subsequently been shown on the BBC. In March 2006, the series returned to its original channel for the first time in over a decade, as part of the daytime television line-up on weekday afternoons."}
{"id": "doc827140", "text": "In May 2010, following the box office success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland, which was the second-highest-grossing film of 2010 and earned over $1 billion at the box office worldwide,[7] Walt Disney Pictures began developing a new film adaptation of Cinderella, commissioning a live-action reimagining based on a script by Aline Brosh McKenna and produced by Simon Kinberg.[8] In August 2011, Mark Romanek was brought on to direct.[9] On February 29, 2012, it was announced that Chris Weitz would revise McKenna's script.[10][11] In January 2013, Romanek left the project due to creative differences, as he was developing a version that was darker than Disney wanted.[12] Later that month, Disney negotiated with Kenneth Branagh to take over as director.[13][14]"}
{"id": "doc827208", "text": "In mid-nineteenth-century Antrim the main concentration of the name was found to be to the north of Ballymoney in the barony of Carey. In a final twist to the history of the name in Scotland, many Curries of Arran, Kintyre and the Isles were originally MacCurdys"}
{"id": "doc827507", "text": "Channel 4 initially commissioned a run of 66 episodes, with filming beginning in October 2005.[14] The first episode was broadcast on 31 October that year. Channel 4 then commissioned a second filming period at the end of 2005.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc828063", "text": "The building of roads and canals, the introduction of steamboats and the first railroads were the beginning of a transportation revolution that would accelerate throughout the century.[60]"}
{"id": "doc828130", "text": "Railroads were a highly capital intensive business, with a typical cost of $30,000 per mile with a considerable range depending on terrain and other factors.[88] Private capital for Railroads during the period from 1830\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1860 was inadequate. States awarded charters, funding, tax breaks, land grants, and provided some financing. Railroads were allowed banking privileges and lotteries in some states. Private investors provided a small but not insignificant share or railroad capital.[133] A combination of domestic and foreign investment along with the discovery of gold and a major commitment of America's public and private wealth, enabled the nation to develop a large-scale railroad system, establishing the base for the country's industrialization."}
{"id": "doc828186", "text": "The Pacific Railroad Acts financed several transcontinental railroads by granting land directly to corporations for the first time. In addition to operating revenues, railroads were able to finance networks crossing vast distances by selling granted property adjacent to the tracks; these would become highly desirable plots for new settlers and businesses because of the easy access to long-distance transportation."}
{"id": "doc828252", "text": "At the beginning of the 20th century the railroad network had over-expanded with many miles of unprofitable routes. In 1906 Congress gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to regulate freight rates and the industry was unable to increase revenue enough to cover rising costs. By 1916, the peak year of track mileage, one-sixth of the nations railroad trackage was in bankruptcy."}
{"id": "doc829017", "text": "Elements are composed of one nuclide (mononuclidic elements) or of more naturally occurring isotopes. The unstable (radioactive) isotopes are either primordial or postprimordial. Primordial isotopes were a product of stellar nucleosynthesis or another type of nucleosynthesis such as cosmic ray spallation, and have persisted down to the present because their rate of decay is so slow (e.g. uranium-238 and potassium-40). Post-primordial isotopes were created by cosmic ray bombardment as cosmogenic nuclides (e.g., tritium, carbon-14), or by the decay of a radioactive primordial isotope to a radioactive radiogenic nuclide daughter (e.g. uranium to radium). A few isotopes are naturally synthesized as nucleogenic nuclides, by some other natural nuclear reaction, such as when neutrons from natural nuclear fission are absorbed by another atom."}
{"id": "doc829494", "text": "Vincent is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc830104", "text": "First used in English in the middle of the 13th century, the word \"rice\" derives from the Old French ris, which comes from Italian riso, in turn from the Latin oriza, which derives from the Greek \u1f44\u03c1\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1 (oruza). The Greek word is the source of all European words (cf. Welsh reis, German Reis, Lithuanian ry\u017eiai, Serbo-Croatian ri\u017ea, Polish ry\u017c, Dutch rijst, Hungarian rizs, Romanian orez).[4][5][6]"}
{"id": "doc830308", "text": "In Britain, a group named Ferry Aid released a charity record of the song \"Let It Be\" by The Beatles."}
{"id": "doc832023", "text": "In 1869, Andrew Smith Hallidie had the idea for a cable car system in San Francisco, reportedly after witnessing an accident where a streetcar drawn by horses over wet cobblestones slid backwards, killing the horses.[9]"}
{"id": "doc832551", "text": "Washington played the role of Chancellor Jaha in The 100, an American post-apocalyptic drama television series that began airing on The CW Television Network in spring 2014.  The series is based on a book of the same name by Kass Morgan, and developed by Jason Rothenberg. Washington's character was killed in the second episode of the show's fifth season, \"Red Queen\"."}
{"id": "doc833922", "text": "The draw for the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals placed Germany in Group G along with Portugal, Ghana, and the United States.[113] The German Football Association constructed a purpose built training base, Campo Bahia, for their stay in Brazil. Germany started the tournament with a 4\u20130 defeat of Portugal, with Thomas Muller scoring a hat trick. They drew their next match with Ghana 2\u20132. Miroslav Klose tied Ronaldo's record of fifteen World Cup finals goals in the match. Germany won their final game against the United States 1\u20130. They played Algeria in the round of 16 in a rematch of their encounter in 1982. Germany prevailed 2\u20131 after extra time. They then defeated France 1\u20130 in the quarterfinals. They faced Brazil in the semi-finals where they won a decisive 7\u20131 victory. Klose scored the second goal of the game, surpassing Ronaldo for the record of most goals in the World Cup. Germany defeated Argentina 1\u20130 in the final on 13 July and obtained its fourth title.[114]"}
{"id": "doc833943", "text": "Perihelion currently occurs around January 3, so the Earth's greater velocity shortens winter and autumn in the northern hemisphere. Summer in the northern hemisphere is 4.66 days longer than winter, and spring is 2.9 days longer than autumn."}
{"id": "doc834354", "text": "Blackburn is a surname of English origin. At the time of the British Census of 1881,[1] its frequency was highest in Yorkshire, followed by Cumberland, Lancashire, Lincolnshire, Northumberland, County Durham and Norfolk. In all other British counties, its frequency was below national average. Notable people with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc835424", "text": "With Pennsylvania's action in May 1774 all of the colonies that eventually rebelled had such committees.[23]"}
{"id": "doc837408", "text": "Much of the film was shot in the summer of 1967 (before the Tet Offensive) at Fort Benning, Georgia. Department of Defense cooperation with the film was extensive, with the United States Army providing several UH-1 Huey attack helicopters and a C-7 Caribou light transport. The United States Air Force supplied two C-130 Hercules transports and two A-1 Skyraider attack aircraft as well as film footage of an AC-47 Puff the Magic Dragon gunship and an HC-130 Hercules employing the Skyhook Fulton recovery system for use in the film.  The Army also provided authentic uniforms for use by the actors, including the OG-107 green and \"Tiger Stripe\" Tropical Combat Uniform (jungle fatigues), with correct Vietnam War subdued insignia and name tapes."}
{"id": "doc840074", "text": "Worried and realizing he needs to be a better father to B-Rad, Bill tells Tom what happened and asks Tom to help him. Tom, though, is more focused on the campaign, but Bill says he would rather lose the election than his son. Tom, now frustrated with Bill, yells at him and says that if anything happens to B-Rad, he can turn it around to make Bill the victim, instead. Bill realizes that Tom is hoping that something bad will happen to B-Rad to get votes and fires Tom before driving to South Central Los Angeles to find his son. B-Rad's crew Hadji (Kal Penn), Mocha (Nick Swardson), and Monster (Keili Lefkovitz) also see the news and grab their best weapons (a musket, a spear gun, and an RPG) to save him."}
{"id": "doc840951", "text": "the transferee is a holder in due course and can enforce the instrument without being subject to defenses which the maker of the instrument would be able to assert against the original payee, except for certain real defenses. These real defenses include (1) forgery of the instrument; (2) fraud as to the nature of the instrument being signed; (3) alteration of the instrument; (4) incapacity of the signer to contract; (5) infancy of the signer; (6) duress; (7) discharge in bankruptcy; and, (8) the running of a statute of limitations as to the validity of the instrument. The holder-in-due-course rule is a rebuttable presumption that makes the free transfer of negotiable instruments feasible in the modern economy. A person or entity purchasing an instrument in the ordinary course of business can reasonably expect that it will be paid when presented to, and not subject to dishonor by, the maker, without involving itself in a dispute between the maker and the person to whom the instrument was first issued (this can be contrasted to the lesser rights and obligations accruing to mere holders). Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code as enacted in a particular State's law contemplate real defenses available to purported holders in due course. The foregoing is the theory and application presuming compliance with the relevant law. Practically, the obligor-payor on an instrument who feels he has been defrauded or otherwise unfairly dealt with by the payee may nonetheless refuse to pay even a holder in due course, requiring the latter to resort to litigation to recover on the instrument."}
{"id": "doc841633", "text": "The series premiered on June 7, 2012 on both CTV in Canada and NBC in the United States. On July 25, 2012, CTV ordered a second, 13 episode season for the summer of 2013.[20] NBC, however, pulled the show's final two episodes from its broadcast schedule and made them available on their official website. On November 16, 2012, CTV announced they had increased their episode order for season 2 to eighteen episodes. On November 7, 2013, CTV ordered a third season of Saving Hope that consisted of eighteen episodes and aired in 2014.[21] On November 10, 2014, CTV ordered a fourth season of Saving Hope that consisted of eighteen episodes,[22] and premiered on September 24. 2015.[23] On December 17, 2015, CTV ordered a fifth and final season of Saving Hope that consisted of 18 episodes.[24]"}
{"id": "doc842383", "text": "The United States acquired the southwestern boot heel of the state and southern Arizona below the Gila river in the mostly desert Gadsden Purchase of 1853. This purchase was desired when it was found that a much easier route for a proposed transcontinental railroad was located slightly south of the Gila river. This territory had not been explored or mapped when the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was negotiated in 1848. The ever-present Santa Anna was in power again in 1853 and needed the money from the Gadsden Purchase to fill his coffers and to pay the Mexican Army for that year. The Southern Pacific built the second transcontinental railroad though this purchased land in 1881."}
{"id": "doc843229", "text": "(Ohma (\u30aa\u30fc\u30de, \u014cma))\nA God Warrior who is accidentally activated by those who find him. He is passed around while barely sentient until he is given to Nausica\u00e4 by Namulith. At first he has the mentality of a child or toddler. He assumes Nausica\u00e4 is his mother and sees confirmation of that assumption when she presents him with his missing core component. Nausica\u00e4 gives him the name Ohma, meaning innocence in the Eftal language. Nausica\u00e4 acts out the role of his mother, to control his destructive powers and to adjust his single minded perception of the divisions in the world. Soon afterwards Ohma starts deteriorating and rotting away until his death, although a reason is never given it is assumed that it Is due to the continued use of his nuclear powers(The fire of heaven). Through their interactions Ohma's intelligence increases drastically and he begins to mature: discoursing about justice and how he was tasked with judging mankind. Together they travel to Shuwa where Nausica\u00e4 instructs him to deliver the final blow to the heart of the Crypt, once she discovers the nature of the entities in the Crypt and their designs for the future of the world. Ohma dies from the massive damage received while battling the crypt."}
{"id": "doc844175", "text": "Seeing Gordon\u2019s excellence as a detective, Batman asks Gordon to train him in forensics and deduction. As they track their murderous suspect to the sewers, Batman encounters Waylon Jones, a benign but mutated man whom the media dubbed \u201cKiller Croc,\u201d who is seeking refuge underground out of fear of society\u2019s discrimination over his genetic disorder. With Jones' help, Batman discovers the Riddler's hideout; however, Batman fails to stop him from bombing a rapid transit train. Using discovered clues, Batman deduces that these killings were not random; they were actually targeted. Batman leaves Gordon an encrypted cellphone for the detective to contact him, calling it his \"Bat-Signal\"."}
{"id": "doc845377", "text": "Bartlet asks Leo to run the Democratic National Convention when it seems likely to deadlock. The Democratic Party's eventual presidential nominee, Congressman Matt Santos, selects McGarry as his vice-presidential nominee, a move that both Josh and Bartlet strongly endorse. This is particularly ironic, because McGarry had earlier insisted that Santos drop out of the race for the sake of party unity to allow a less impressive candidate (Vice President Robert Russell) to take on the nod. But McGarry allows Santos to make a closing speech that was so impressive that it helped put him over the top and become the party's presidential nominee. McGarry is not overly impressive on the campaign trail, because he is not familiar with playing the role of a candidate versus an advisor. However Leo rebounds and becomes integral to the campaign, unofficially taking on the role of statesman."}
{"id": "doc845380", "text": "On Election Night, it is said that McGarry has gone up to his hotel room in Houston to take a nap before the results come in. He is later found unconscious by Annabeth Schott who alerts McGarry's Secret Service detail. He is rushed to the hospital, where he is pronounced dead. McGarry's death comes ninety minutes before the polls close in California and other Western states, thus giving some voters this information prior to casting their vote. A hard-line Republican strategist wants to bring up McGarry's death to benefit the Republican presidential nominee, Senator Arnold Vinick, but the visibly disgusted senator tells her that he has been friends with McGarry for decades and will do no such thing, win or lose. Despite McGarry's death, the Santos-McGarry ticket narrowly wins the election over the Vinick-Sullivan ticket by a 30,000-vote margin in Nevada and McGarry posthumously becomes the Vice President-elect after Santos' victory."}
{"id": "doc846246", "text": "Hough's first acting role was in the 2001 feature film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, in an uncredited role as a \"Hogwarts schoolgirl\".[41] She appeared in the 2010 musical Burlesque, starring Cher and Christina Aguilera. In the film, which chronicles a small-town girl (Aguilera) who finds success at a Los Angeles burlesque club, Hough plays a dancer named Georgia.[42]"}
{"id": "doc847439", "text": "One of the first essays advocating a blinded approach to experiments in general came from Claude Bernard in the latter half of the 19th century, who recommended splitting any scientific experiment between the theorist who conceives the experiment and a naive (and preferably uneducated) observer who registers the results without foreknowledge of the theory or hypothesis being tested. This suggestion contrasted starkly with the prevalent Enlightenment-era attitude that scientific observation can only be objectively valid when undertaken by a well-educated, informed scientist.[11]"}
{"id": "doc848379", "text": "For federal offices (President, Vice President, and United States Congress), Election Day occurs only in even-numbered years. Presidential elections are held every four years, in years divisible by four, in which electors for President and Vice President are chosen according to the method determined by each state. Elections to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate are held every two years; all Representatives are elected to serve two-year terms and are up for election every two years, while Senators serve six-year terms, staggered so that one third of Senators are elected in any given general election. General elections in which presidential candidates are not on the ballot are referred to as midterm elections. Terms for those elected begin in January the following year; the President and Vice President are inaugurated (\"sworn in\") on Inauguration Day, which is usually on January 20."}
{"id": "doc849000", "text": "A number of songs written primarily by the duo and recorded by the Beatles were credited as follows:"}
{"id": "doc849003", "text": "The Lennon\u2013McCartney songwriting partnership makes up the majority of the Beatles' catalogue. The first two UK studio albums included 12 cover tunes and 15 Lennon\u2013McCartney songs,[47][48] with one track (\"Don't Bother Me\") credited to George Harrison.[48] Their third UK album, A Hard Day's Night (1964), is the only original Beatles album made up entirely of Lennon\u2013McCartney compositions.[49] The next album released, Beatles for Sale (1964), included six covers and eight Lennon\u2013McCartney originals.[50] The subsequent release, Help! (1965), had two covers and two Harrison compositions along with ten Lennon\u2013McCartney tracks and was the last Beatles album to feature a cover until Let It Be, which featured an arrangement of the traditional Liverpool folk song \"Maggie Mae\". All other songs released on studio albums by the band after Help! were original compositions, with George Harrison contributing between one and four songs on each record, Ringo Starr writing two songs (\"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\") and being given joint credit with Lennon and McCartney for a third (\"What Goes On\"), and a fourth and fifth joint credit on \"Flying\" and \"Dig It\" (both songs credited to all four Beatles), and the rest of the catalogue coming from Lennon and McCartney."}
{"id": "doc849365", "text": "Philadelphia is the Commonwealth's only Class 1 city. It has a government similar to that of the Commonwealth itself, with a mayor with strong appointment and veto powers and a 17-member city council that has both law-making and confirmation powers. Certain types of legislation that can be passed by the city government require state legislation before coming into force. Unlike the other cities in Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia city government also has oversight of county government, and as such controls the budget for the district attorney, sheriff, and other county offices that have been retained from the county's one-time separate existence; these offices are elected for separately than those for the city government proper."}
{"id": "doc851269", "text": "Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In humans, blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle of the heart through arteries to peripheral tissues and returns to the right atrium of the heart through veins. It then enters the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. Arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to all of the cells of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism by cells, to the lungs to be exhaled. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood."}
{"id": "doc851514", "text": "Scenes set in the harbor of Port Royal were filmed at Wallilabou Bay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. A replica of Fort Charles was built on the Palos Verdes Peninsula near Los Angeles, as was Governor Swann's mansion. The scenes set inside the mansion were filmed in Manhattan Beach, California.[3]"}
{"id": "doc851877", "text": "Additional spoken messages on B-side:"}
{"id": "doc853156", "text": "The origin of the word \"lemon\" may be Middle Eastern.[2] The word draws from the Old French limon, then Italian limone, from the Arabic laym\u016bn or l\u012bm\u016bn, and from the Persian l\u012bm\u016bn, a generic term for citrus fruit, which is a cognate of Sanskrit (nimb\u016b, \u201clime\u201d).[6]"}
{"id": "doc853534", "text": "While the tone of the nursery rhyme is ironic and teasing, both the question and answer form[1] and the narrative of the song have been related to \"Lord Randall\", a murder ballad from the British Isles, in which the suitor is poisoned by the woman he visits.[2]"}
{"id": "doc854693", "text": "In 2008, he landed the role of Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight.[19] His wife, Shannon Kenny, was previously involved in a Batman project, voicing the character Inque in the Batman Beyond television series. In 2010, Carbonell joined the series Psych for two episodes playing Declan Rand, a criminal profiler.[20] In 2011, Carbonell starred in the CW series Ringer as FBI agent Victor Machado.[21] Also in 2011, he was announced to guest star in FX comedy series Wilfred, a role which later turned into a recurring one.[22] The following year, Carbonell briefly appeared in The Dark Knight Rises, reprising his role as Mayor Anthony Garcia in the final installment of Christopher Nolan's Dark Knight trilogy.[23]"}
{"id": "doc854779", "text": "The pool is centered by a fountain sculpture designed by Emma Stebbins in 1868 and unveiled in 1873.[8] Stebbins was the first woman to receive a public commission for a major work of art in New York City.[8] The bronze, eight-foot statue depicts a female winged angel touching down upon the top of the fountain, where water spouts and cascades into an upper basin and into the surrounding pool.  It was the only statue in the park called for in the original design. Beneath her are four four-foot cherubs representing Temperance, Purity, Health, and Peace.[8] Also called the Angel of the Waters, the statue refers to Healing the paralytic at Bethesda, a story from the Gospel of John about an angel blessing the Pool of Bethesda, giving it healing powers.[8] In Central Park the referent is the Croton Aqueduct opened in 1842, providing the city for the first time with a dependable supply of pure water: thus the angel carries a lily in one hand, representing purity, and with the other hand she blesses the water below.[8]"}
{"id": "doc855132", "text": "Iltutmish, the successor of Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak, subsequently beautified the mosque in 1213 CE, with a screen wall pierced by corbelled engrailed arches \u00e2\u20ac\u201d a first in India.[2] An inscription on the central arch of the screen as well as two inscriptions of the northern minaret contain his name. The second arch from the south names one Ahmed ibn Muhammad al-Arid as the construction supervisor.[9]"}
{"id": "doc855356", "text": "The film was released on September 14, 2018.[9]"}
{"id": "doc855503", "text": "Both Robert Walpole (1676\u20131745) and Lord Wilmington (c. 1673\u20131743) lived under the reigns of the same six sovereigns: Charles II, James II, William III and his joint sovereign Mary II, Queen Anne, George I and George II."}
{"id": "doc855606", "text": "At least 24 British Prime Ministers were related to at least one other Prime Minister by blood or marriage."}
{"id": "doc856459", "text": "From 1603, Scotland and England shared the same monarch in a personal union when James VI of Scotland was declared King of England and Ireland in what was known as the Union of the Crowns. After James VII of Scotland (II of England) was deposed in 1688 amid Catholic-Protestant disputes, and as the line of Protestant Stuarts showed signs of failing (as indeed occurred in 1714), English fears that Scotland would select a different monarch, potentially causing conflict within Great Britain, and the bankruptcy of many Scottish nobles through the Darien scheme led to the formal union of the two kingdoms in 1707, with the Treaty of Union and subsequent Acts of Union, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish jacobite resistance to the union, led by descendants of James VII/II including Bonnie Prince Charlie, continued until 1746."}
{"id": "doc856725", "text": "The quarter-final matches represented the fifth and sixth times these two clubs had met in Europe in just over 12 months; they had met at the same stage of the previous season's competition and then again in the group stage this season.[26] United went to Rome and secured a 2\u20130 win with a first-half header from Ronaldo and a second-half goal tapped in by Wayne Rooney.[27] United went on to secure the tie in the second leg with a 1\u20130 win,[28] their record 11th consecutive home Champions League win.[29]"}
{"id": "doc856735", "text": "As has taken place for every Champions League final since 1997, a ceremonial handover of the UEFA Champions League trophy was held in the host city; the 2008 ceremony was at the GUM Centre in Moscow's Red Square on 3 April 2008. On behalf of 2007 champions Milan, their technical operations director and former player Leonardo, and club director Umberto Gandini presented the trophy back to UEFA president Michel Platini, who passed it on to the Mayor of Moscow, Yury Luzhkov, for it to be displayed in five cities around the country \u2013 Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Krasnodar, Saint Petersburg and Samara \u2013 before returning to Moscow ahead of the final. Also in attendance at the ceremony were final ambassador Rinat Dasayev and Russian Football Union president Vitaly Mutko.[59][60]"}
{"id": "doc857278", "text": "Ebsen returned to television in 1973 as the title character of Barnaby Jones, which proved to be his second long-running television series. Barnaby Jones was a milk-drinking detective who came out of retirement to investigate the death of his son. Critics and CBS executives ridiculed the age of the show's audience, but it lasted 8 seasons and 178 episodes.[19] When Barnaby Jones was cancelled, it was one of the last surviving 1970s detective dramas. Lee Meriwether, 1955 Miss America, played Barnaby's widowed daughter-in-law, Betty Jones. Ebsen appeared briefly as Barnaby Jones on two other productions: a 1975 episode of Cannon and the 1993 film The Beverly Hillbillies."}
{"id": "doc857632", "text": "A British version of the song, called \"The Farmyard, or The Merry Green Fields,\" was collected in 1908 from a 74-year-old Mrs. Goodey at Marylebone Workhouse, London, and published in Cecil Sharp's Collection of English Folk Songs."}
{"id": "doc858827", "text": "6999960000000000000\u00e2\u2122\u00a00.96"}
{"id": "doc858917", "text": "6999610000000000000\u00e2\u2122\u00a00.61"}
{"id": "doc858919", "text": "7000659000000000000\u00e2\u2122\u00a06.59"}
{"id": "doc859016", "text": "6999860000000000000\u00e2\u2122\u00a00.86"}
{"id": "doc859040", "text": "6998600000000000000\u00e2\u2122\u00a00.06"}
{"id": "doc859664", "text": "Although the sixth through ninth seasons were filmed in Los Angeles, the series' second movie, The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008), was filmed in Vancouver,[80] According to Spotnitz, the film script was written specifically for the city and surrounding areas.[80] The 2016 revival was also shot there.[81][82]"}
{"id": "doc859731", "text": "Machinegun ammo was designated by manufacturers with an extra code letter. It was either added as a letter code between the Manufacturer's Code and the Interfix Number or as a prefix or suffix to the Lot Sequence Number."}
{"id": "doc860546", "text": "Some building materials might be considered \"sustainable\" by some definitions and under some conditions. For example, wood might be thought of as sustainable if it is grown using sustainable forest management, processed using sustainable energy. delivered by sustainable transport, etc.: Under different conditions, however, it might not be considered as sustainable. The following materials might be considered as sustainable under certain conditions, based on a Life-cycle assessment."}
{"id": "doc860592", "text": "As populations and resource demands climb, waste production contributes to emissions of carbon dioxide, leaching of hazardous materials into the soil and waterways, and methane emissions. In America alone, over the course of a decade, 500 trillion pounds of American resources will have been transformed into nonproductive wastes and gases.[67] Thus, a crucial component of sustainable living is being waste conscious. One can do this by reducing waste, reusing commodities, and recycling."}
{"id": "doc861483", "text": "Boyd is a Scottish surname. It originated from a habitational name from the island of Bute, located in the Firth of Clyde.[1][2] The surname was very common in Edinburgh in the 17th century.[2] The Scottish Gaelic form of the surname is Boid (masculine),[3] and Bhoid (feminine)."}
{"id": "doc863660", "text": "In the eighteenth century a powerful new case for skepticism was offered by the Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711\u20131776). Hume was an empiricist, claiming that all genuine ideas can be traced back to original impressions of sensation or introspective consciousness. Hume argued forcefully that on empiricist grounds there are no sound reasons for belief in God, an enduring self or soul, an external world, causal necessity, objective morality, or inductive reasoning. In fact, he argued that \u201cPhilosophy would render us entirely Pyrrhonian, were not Nature too strong for it.\u201d[11] As Hume saw it, the real basis of human belief is not reason, but custom or habit. We are hard-wired by nature to trust, say, our memories or inductive reasoning, and no skeptical arguments, however powerful, can dislodge those beliefs. In this way, Hume embraced what he called a \u201cmitigated\u201d skepticism, while rejecting an \u201cexcessive\u201d Pyrrhonian skepticism that he saw as both impractical and psychologically impossible."}
{"id": "doc863686", "text": "The longest reign of a British monarch is that of the current monarch, Elizabeth II (7004240010000000000\u266065\u00a0years, 259\u00a0days since 6 February 1952). The second longest reign is the 63 years 216 days of Victoria between 1837 and 1901. Queen Elizabeth II's reign became longer than Queen Victoria's on 9 September 2015. The third longest reign was that of George III, who reigned for 59 years 96 days between 1760 and 1820."}
{"id": "doc863698", "text": "The longest-lived male consort is her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who is 7004351990000000000\u266096\u00a0years, 135\u00a0days old and is also the longest-lived male descendant of Queen Victoria. Queen Victoria's longest-lived descendant overall was Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (1883-1981) at 97 years 312 days (Prince Philip would surpass her on April 18, 2019, and Queen Elizabeth II would pass her as longest-lived holder of a British royal title from birth on February 27, 2024). The longest-lived holder of a British royal title by marriage was Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester (1901-2004) at 102 years 319 days (Prince Philip would surpass her on April 24, 2024; Queen Elizabeth II would pass her age on March 7, 2029)."}
{"id": "doc864003", "text": "In Create-a-Sim there are more than a dozen new clothes and hairstyles available for your Sims and the new muscle definition is introduced. For the first time in a Sims game, players are able to choose the bust size for teen, adult and elder females (this feature would later be available in the base game for The Sims 4). There are also 2 new traits: Shy and Star Quality. Sims that dance frequently throughout the day eventually get the Club Dance interaction. In build mode, there are now half walls and a few new flooring, and wall covering options and one new flowering plant. Additionally, pools can be placed on other building levels (2nd, 3rd, 4th floors and the basement.) In buy mode, there are new objects such as hot tubs, strobe lights, dance floors, and new object additions (new couches, beds, bar stools, etc.)"}
{"id": "doc864016", "text": "The game was released on October 26, 2010[10] in North America.[11]"}
{"id": "doc864555", "text": "Many jurisdictions offer a simplified process for filing a civil complaint for unrepresented litigants. For example, in North Carolina, pro se litigants can file a 50B (also called a DVPO, for Domestic Violence Protective Order) complaint with the Clerk of Court.[28]"}
{"id": "doc864645", "text": "In August 1503 James IV, King of Scots, married Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII of England. Almost 100 years later, when Elizabeth I was in the last decade of her reign, it was clear to all that James VI of Scotland, the great-grandson of James IV and Margaret Tudor, was the only generally acceptable heir to the English throne. From 1601, Elizabeth I's chief minister Sir Robert Cecil maintained a secret correspondence with James in order to prepare in advance for a smooth succession. Elizabeth died on 24 March 1603, and James was proclaimed king in London later the same day. Despite sharing a monarchy, Scotland and England continued as separate countries with separate parliaments for over one hundred more years."}
{"id": "doc864822", "text": "Real Madrid won the match 2\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1 for their fourth UEFA Super Cup title."}
{"id": "doc865153", "text": "Filming for the series takes place in Los Angeles, California.[22] The pilot was filmed during the first quarter of 2018.[citation needed] Filming for season one began in July.[23]"}
{"id": "doc865438", "text": "In 1852, Kummer proved that if m and n are nonnegative integers and p is a prime number, then the largest power of p dividing \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(\n\n\n\nm\n+\nn\n\nm\n\n\n)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tbinom {m+n}{m}}}\n\n equals pc, where c is the number of carries when m and n are added in base p. Equivalently, the exponent of a prime p in \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(\n\n\nn\nk\n\n\n)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tbinom {n}{k}}}\n\n equals the number of nonnegative integers j such that the fractional part of k/pj is greater than the fractional part of n/pj. It can be deduced from this that \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(\n\n\nn\nk\n\n\n)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tbinom {n}{k}}}\n\n is divisible by n/gcd(n,k). In particular therefore it follows that p divides \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(\n\n\n\np\n\nr\n\n\ns\n\n\n)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tbinom {p^{r}}{s}}}\n\n for all positive integers r and s such that s\u00a0<\u00a0pr. However this is not true of higher powers of p: for example 9 does not divide \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(\n\n\n9\n6\n\n\n)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tbinom {9}{6}}}\n\n."}
{"id": "doc865796", "text": "Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). Enzymes facilitating the process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors. In eukaryotic cells the primary transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to proceed. Processing includes the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail to the pre-mRNA chain, followed by splicing. Alternative splicing occurs when appropriate, increasing the diversity of the proteins that any single mRNA can produce. The product of the entire transcription process (that began with the production of the pre-mRNA chain) is a mature mRNA chain."}
{"id": "doc866296", "text": "According to the Hebrew Bible, the United Monarchy was established under Saul and continued under King David and Solomon with its capital in Jerusalem. After Solomon's reign, the nation split into two kingdoms, the Kingdom of Israel (in the north) and the Kingdom of Judah (in the south). The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Assyrian ruler Sargon II in the late 8th century BCE with many people from the capital Samaria being taken captive to Media and the Khabur River valley. The Kingdom of Judah continued as an independent state until it was conquered by a Babylonian army in the early 6th century BCE, destroying the First Temple that was at the center of ancient Jewish worship. The Judean elite was exiled to Babylonia and this is regarded as the first Jewish Diaspora. Later many of them returned to their homeland after the subsequent conquest of Babylonia by the Persians seventy years later, a period known as the Babylonian Captivity. A new Second Temple was constructed, and old religious practices were resumed."}
{"id": "doc866429", "text": "The set of all primes is sometimes denoted by \n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\mathbf {P} }\n\n (a boldface capital P)[10] or by \n\n\n\n\nP\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\mathbb {P} }\n\n (a blackboard bold capital P).[11]"}
{"id": "doc866436", "text": "The terms in the product are called prime factors. The same prime factor may occur more than once; this example has two copies of the prime factor \n\n\n\n3\n\n\n{\\displaystyle 3}\n\n.\nWhen a prime occurs multiple times, exponentiation can be used to group together multiple copies of the same prime number: for instance, in the second way of writing the product above, \n\n\n\n\n3\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle 3^{2}}\n\n denotes the square or second power of \n\n\n\n3\n\n\n{\\displaystyle 3}\n\n."}
{"id": "doc866437", "text": "The central importance of prime numbers to number theory and mathematics in general stems from the fundamental theorem of arithmetic.[42] This theorem states that every integer larger than 1 can be written as a product of one or more primes. More strongly, \nthis product is unique in the sense that any two prime factorizations of the same number will have the same numbers of copies of the same primes,\nalthough their ordering may differ.[43]  So, although there are many different ways of finding a factorization using an integer factorization algorithm, they all must produce the same result. Primes can thus be considered the \"basic building blocks\" of the natural numbers.[44]"}
{"id": "doc866442", "text": "By the fundamental theorem, \n\n\n\nN\n\n\n{\\displaystyle N}\n\n has a prime factorization"}
{"id": "doc866490", "text": "In addition to the aforementioned tests that apply to any natural number, some numbers of a special form can be tested for primality more quickly.\nFor example, the Lucas\u2013Lehmer primality test can determine whether a Mersenne number (one less than a power of two) is prime, deterministically,\nin the same time as a single iteration of the Miller\u2013Rabin test.[133] This is why since 1992 (as of  January\u00a02018[update]) the largest known prime has always been a Mersenne prime.[134]\nIt is conjectured that there are infinitely many Mersenne primes.[135]"}
{"id": "doc866501", "text": "with \n\n\n\nk\n\n\n{\\displaystyle k}\n\n a natural number.[164] They are named after Pierre de Fermat, who conjectured that all such numbers are prime. The first five of these numbers \u2013 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65,537 \u2013 are prime,[165] but \n\n\n\n\nF\n\n5\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle F_{5}}\n\n is composite and so are all other Fermat numbers that have been verified as of 2017.[166] A regular \n\n\n\nn\n\n\n{\\displaystyle n}\n\n-gon is constructible using straightedge and compass if and only if the odd prime factors of \n\n\n\nn\n\n\n{\\displaystyle n}\n\n (if any) are distinct Fermat primes.[165] Likewise, a regular \n\n\n\nn\n\n\n{\\displaystyle n}\n\n-gon may be constructed using straightedge, compass, and an angle trisector if and only if the prime factors of \n\n\n\nn\n\n\n{\\displaystyle n}\n\n are any number of copies of 2 or 3 together with a (possibly empty) set of distinct Pierpont primes, primes of the form \n\n\n\n\n2\n\na\n\n\n\n3\n\nb\n\n\n+\n1\n\n\n{\\displaystyle 2^{a}3^{b}+1}\n\n.[167]"}
{"id": "doc866525", "text": "These Transjordanian kingdoms were in continuous conflict with the neighbouring Hebrew kingdoms of Israel and Judah, centered west of the Jordan River, though the former was known to have at times controlled small parts east of the River.[33] Frequent confrontations ensued and tensions between them increased.[34] One record of this is the Mesha Stele erected by the Moabite king Mesha in around 840 BC on which he lauds himself for the building projects that he initiated in Moab and commemorates his glory and victory against the Israelites.[34] The stele constitutes one of the most important direct accounts of Biblical history.[32] Subsequently, the Assyrian Empire reduced these kingdoms to vassals.[35] When the region was later under the influence of the Babylonians, the Old Testament mentions that these kingdoms aided them in the 597 BC sack of Jerusalem.[35]"}
{"id": "doc866703", "text": "At age 11, Robinson made his professional acting debut in a stage version of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.[7]"}
{"id": "doc867288", "text": "These kinds of songs can be traced back to 17th-century British radical protestants and later commonly appeared in ballads as well as some religious songs: examples include \"What Wondrous Love Is This\", \"Brave Benbow\", \"The Ballad of Captain Kidd\", \"Sam Hall\" and \"Ye Jacobites by Name\".[1][verification needed]"}
{"id": "doc868419", "text": "Along its route are the 46-mile-long (74\u00a0km) Withlacoochee State Trail, the longest paved rail trail in Florida,[2] the Cypress Lake Preserve, a 324-acre (1.31\u00a0km2) park with approximately 600 feet (180\u00a0m) of frontage,[3] and Nobleton Wayside Park, a 2-acre (8,100\u00a0m2) park in Nobleton that includes a boat ramp, shelter, basketball court, and picnic tables."}
{"id": "doc868589", "text": "Since 1789, when the Federal Government began operating under the Constitution, the number of citizens per congressional district has risen from an average of 33,000 in 1790 to almost 700,000 as of 2008[update]. Prior to the 20th century, the number of representatives increased every decade as more states joined the union, and the population increased. In 1911, Public Law 62-5 raised the membership of the U.S. House to 433 with a provision to add one permanent seat each upon the admissions of Arizona and New Mexico as states. As provided, membership increased to 435 in 1912. As of May 2016, there is approximately one representative for every 720,000 people in the state."}
{"id": "doc868590", "text": "In 1921, Congress failed to reapportion the House membership as required by the United States Constitution. This failure to reapportion may have been politically motivated, as the newly elected Republican majority may have feared the effect such a reapportionment would have on their future electoral prospects.[7][8] Then in 1929 Congress (Republican control of both houses of congress and the presidency) passed the Reapportionment Act of 1929 which capped the size of the House at 435 (the then current number). This cap has remained unchanged for more than eight decades. Three states \u2013 Wyoming, Vermont, and North Dakota \u2013 have populations smaller than the average for a single district."}
{"id": "doc868658", "text": "Still, the Coens open the film with a voice-over narration by Tommy Lee Jones (who plays Sheriff Ed Tom Bell) set against the barren Texas country landscape where he makes his home. His ruminations on a teenager he sent to the chair explain that, although the newspapers described the boy's murder of his 14-year-old girlfriend as a crime of passion, \"he told me there weren't nothin' passionate about it. Said he'd been fixin' to kill someone for as long as he could remember. Said if I let him out of there, he'd kill somebody again. Said he was goin' to hell. Reckoned he'd be there in about 15 minutes.\"[61] Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert praised the narration. \"These words sounded verbatim to me from No Country for Old Men, the novel by Cormac McCarthy\", he said. \"But I find they are not quite. And their impact has been improved upon in the delivery. When I get the DVD of this film, I will listen to that stretch of narration several times; Jones delivers it with a vocal precision and contained emotion that is extraordinary, and it sets up the entire film.\"[11]"}
{"id": "doc869916", "text": "2017 also saw the debut of This Beautiful Fantastic, an indie film in which Brown-Findlay starred as Bella Brown, a repressed foundling who forms a new life through her relationships with a curmudgeonly neighbor (Tom Wilkinson), a gifted cook (Andrew Scott) and an eccentric inventor (Jeremy Irvine).[25]"}
{"id": "doc870966", "text": "During the 1950s Color Field painting initially referred to a particular type of abstract expressionism, especially the work of Mark Rothko, Clyfford Still, Barnett Newman, Robert Motherwell and Adolph Gottlieb. It essentially involved abstract paintings with large, flat expanses of color that expressed the sensual, and visual feelings and properties of large areas of nuanced surface. Art critic Clement Greenberg perceived Color Field painting as related to but different from Action painting. The overall expanse and gestalt of the work of the early color field painters speaks of an almost religious experience, awestruck in the face of an expanding universe of sensuality, color and surface. During the early-to-mid-1960s, Color Field painting came to refer to the styles of artists like Jules Olitski, Kenneth Noland, and Helen Frankenthaler, whose works were related to second-generation abstract expressionism, and to younger artists like Larry Zox, and Frank Stella, \u00e2\u20ac\u201c all moving in a new direction. Artists like Clyfford Still, Mark Rothko, Hans Hofmann, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Kenneth Noland, Helen Frankenthaler, Larry Zox, and others often used greatly reduced references to nature, and they painted with a highly articulated and psychological use of color. In general these artists eliminated recognizable imagery. In Mountains and Sea, from 1952, (see above) a seminal work of Color Field painting by Helen Frankenthaler the artist used the stain technique for the first time."}
{"id": "doc872070", "text": "The four are taken to the cockpit, where Marshall reunites with his family. Korshunov forces him to contact Petrov to arrange for Radek's release. Marshall surrenders himself to Korshunov to save Alice. Bennett is urged by Dean to declare the President incapable under the 25th amendment, so as to override Radek's release, but she refuses. While Korshunov and his men celebrate the news of Radek's release, Marshall breaks free and kills the last two of Korshunov's men. Korshunov drags Grace down to the cargo hold, wherein Grace briefly distracts Korshunov and a fight ensues wherein Marshall kills him. Marshall then lifts his order, and Radek is subsequently killed when he attempts to escape."}
{"id": "doc872601", "text": "On 27 February of the previous year, Theodosius I established, with the Edict of Thessalonica, the Christianity of the First Council of Nicaea as the official state religion, reserving for its followers the title of Catholic Christians and declaring that those who did not follow the religion taught by Pope Damasus I of Rome and Pope Peter of Alexandria were to be called heretics:[34]"}
{"id": "doc872897", "text": "In January 2010, he launched a national campaign to end child homelessness. As keynote speaker at The Children's Philanthropy Center Annual Youth Symposium in Northern Virginia, he inspired young activists to use their voice to create change.  The message, \"You Matter! Let Your Voice Be Heard\" became the signature anthem for their youth advocacy movement.[10]"}
{"id": "doc873329", "text": "In C, variables with block scope enter scope when they are declared (not at the top of the block), move out of scope if any (non-nested) function is called within the block, move back into scope when the function returns, and move out of scope at the end of the block. In the case of automatic local variables, they are also allocated on declaration and deallocated at the end of the block, while for static local variables, they are allocated at program initialization and deallocated at program termination."}
{"id": "doc873479", "text": "(Member Provisional Assembly of Punjab)"}
{"id": "doc873480", "text": "(Member Provisional Assembly of Punjab)"}
{"id": "doc873481", "text": "(Member National Assembly of Pakistan)"}
{"id": "doc873559", "text": "The concept of an overland connection crossing the Bering Strait goes back before the 20th century. William Gilpin, first governor of the Colorado Territory, envisioned a vast \"Cosmopolitan Railway\" in 1890 linking the entire world through a series of railways."}
{"id": "doc873561", "text": "A syndicate of American railroad magnates proposed in 1904 (through a French spokesman) a Siberian-Alaskan railroad from Cape Prince of Wales in Alaska through a tunnel under the Bering Strait and across northeastern Siberia to Irkutsk via Cape Dezhnev, Verkhnekolymsk and Yakutsk. The proposal was for a 90-year lease, and exclusive mineral rights for 8 miles (13\u00c2\u00a0km) each side of the right-of-way. It was debated by officials and finally turned down on March 20, 1907.[6]"}
{"id": "doc874101", "text": "The song is an upbeat waltz, with lyrics sung by several of the enchanted objects/house servants in the castle of the Beast, who are hopeful that now that he and Belle are getting closer to one another, they could fall in love and break the spell on their castle, which would restore all of them to human form. The song also expands the role of The Wardrobe, giving her a solo verse in the number. In the film, where it falls between \"Something There\" and \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"Human Again\" is primarily performed by Lumi\u00e8re (Jerry Orbach), Cogsworth (David Ogden Stiers), Mrs. Potts (Angela Lansbury), and The Wardrobe (Jo Anne Worley). Neither Belle nor the Beast sing in the song, but they are seen in a brief scene where Belle teaches the Beast to read starting with Romeo & Juliet (King Arthur in the stage version and demo)."}
{"id": "doc874107", "text": "Kirk Wise explained the motivation behind the song's removal from the film and reinstatement in the stage version thus: \"Back when it was originally written and storyboarded it was initially 11 minutes long, which is a pretty heavy milieu for an animated feature that already had a lot of songs. Length was one problem and the structure of the song was also a problem at the time because it indicated the passage of time, months of time, leaves falling. That presented a couple story problems for us because we kept asking, 'Well what? Is Maurice wandering around in the woods all this time? Is Gaston just sitting around in a tavern drinking beer after beer growing a long white beard?' we couldn't quite figure out what to do with the other characters during this time that Belle's at the castle and keep the motor of the story running. Those were the reasons for cutting it at the time. It wasn't until we saw the Broadway version where Alan[Menken] had made a substantial edit in the music and had found a slightly different place for the song to sit, so we realized there was a way to make this work. The bridge which was all about time passing was removed... so that issue went away. And Alan did a couple of additional edits for us when we were tailoring it for the movie, and now it works. There's a great little suite of music now that starts with \"Something There,\" the song that B&B sing while they're having a little snowball fight, which segues into \"Human Again\" which gives the object perspective on what they hope for when B&B fall in love and that transitions into \"Beauty and the Beast\" the ballad, which is the culmination of their relationship. So, it's a nice little story within a story now.\"[3]"}
{"id": "doc874322", "text": "Some environmental scientists also see the world entering a Planetary Phase of Civilization, characterized by a shift away from independent, disconnected nation-states to a world of increased global connectivity with worldwide institutions, environmental challenges, economic systems, and consciousness.[64][65] In an attempt to better understand what a Planetary Phase of Civilization might look like in the current context of declining natural resources and increasing consumption, the Global scenario group used scenario analysis to arrive at three archetypal futures: Barbarization, in which increasing conflicts result in either a fortress world or complete societal breakdown; Conventional Worlds, in which market forces or Policy reform slowly precipitate more sustainable practices; and a Great Transition, in which either the sum of fragmented Eco-Communalism movements add up to a sustainable world or globally coordinated efforts and initiatives result in a new sustainability paradigm.[66]"}
{"id": "doc874861", "text": "The genus contains over 200 species.[1] They include:"}
{"id": "doc875841", "text": "Information from the light on each retina is taken to the occipital lobe via the optic nerve and optic radiation (after a synapse in the lateral geniculate body of the posterior thalamus), where it is interpreted as vision. The peristriate area 19 interprets accommodation, and sends signals via the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and the 3rd cranial nerve to the ciliary muscle, the medial rectus muscle and (via parasympathetic fibres) the sphincter pupillae muscle.[2][3]"}
{"id": "doc876038", "text": "The Assembly had 145 members who were either nominated or indirectly elected from the provinces.[3]"}
{"id": "doc876844", "text": "The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645) is a 2011 amendment reforming the judicial appointments procedure as well as expanding the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)."}
{"id": "doc877114", "text": "The lateral geniculate nucleus is divided into laminae (zones), of which there are three types: the M-laminae, consisting primarily of M-cells, the P-laminae, consisting primarily of P-cells, and the koniocellular laminae. M- and P-cells receive relatively balanced input from both L- and M-cones throughout most of the retina, although this seems to not be the case at the fovea, with midget cells synapsing in the P-laminae. The koniocellular laminae receive axons from the small bistratified ganglion cells.[11][12]"}
{"id": "doc877115", "text": "After synapsing at the LGN, the visual tract continues on back to the primary visual cortex (V1) located at the back of the brain within the occipital lobe. Within V1 there is a distinct band (striation). This is also referred to as \"striate cortex\", with other cortical visual regions referred to collectively as \"extrastriate cortex\". It is at this stage that color processing becomes much more complicated."}
{"id": "doc877131", "text": "Marine mammals, adapted for low-light vision, have only a single cone type and are thus monochromats.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc877184", "text": "The series for the first two seasons was shot on a modular indoor soundstage at General Service Studios in Hollywood, and made economical use of a small number of sets and scenic props which were rearranged frequently to suggest the ostensibly vast jungles, ancient cities and cave systems. As is traditional in many effect scenes, miniatures or scale-version settings were used for insertion of live-action scenes.  Additional locations were often rendered using scale miniatures and  chroma key."}
{"id": "doc877823", "text": "Prime number: An integer with exactly two positive divisors: itself and 1. The primes form an infinite sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6."}
{"id": "doc877974", "text": "At a Sunset Boulevard mansion in early 1949, the body of Joe Gillis floats in the swimming pool. In a flashback, Joe relates the events leading to his death."}
{"id": "doc878338", "text": "I'd prefer to die of old age, your honor, but if that ain't possible, I'll take the firing squad."}
{"id": "doc878352", "text": "In the mid-19th century, when rhetorical, emotional oratory was common, some church members and leaders used strong language that included notions of people making restitution for their sins by giving up their own lives."}
{"id": "doc879199", "text": "A number of rival theories explain how the term came about, though all accept that it derives from a familiar diminutive form of the name George,[22] \"a very common name among the pitmen\"[12][23] (coal miners) in North East England; indeed, it was once the most popular name for eldest sons in the region.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc881796", "text": "The strain of recording the White Album also took its toll on EMI recording engineer Geoff Emerick. Like Starr, he left during the sessions, which commenced in June and concluded in October.[18] These were the first signs of the group's emerging disunity and antipathy.[12] Upon completion and release of The Beatles, the band no longer gave collective interviews or recorded appearances, and public relations were carried out individually. Other evidence of the group's collective alienation came with the release of their 1968 Christmas fan club recording; the contributions were entirely individual and Lennon made disparaging remarks about his bandmates' apparent disdain for Ono.[1]"}
{"id": "doc881797", "text": "By the end of 1968, the Beatles' status as a group entity was in limbo. McCartney suggested a group project involving rehearsing, recording and performing the songs in a live concert. The project soon adopted a working title of Get Back but would eventually see official release as the Let It Be album and film in 1970. Although the sessions for their double album had involved a degree of ensemble playing, the band were ill-prepared to settle comfortably back into this mode; in particular, Lennon had descended into heroin addiction[citation needed], leaving him variously incommunicative or highly critical of the venture. On 10 January 1969, eight days after filmed rehearsals commenced at Twickenham Film Studios, Harrison's frustration and resentment peaked and he informed his bandmates that he was leaving. Having enjoyed rewarding collaborations outside the Beatles during much of 1968, particularly with Eric Clapton, Bob Dylan and the Band, the combined patronising by McCartney and estrangement from Lennon had taken its toll. The band were therefore on the verge of potential collapse and at an impasse. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine cited a recording that exists from the Twickenham sessions the day after Harrison's departure in which Lennon suggests inviting Clapton to take over lead guitar duties."}
{"id": "doc882983", "text": "The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003, which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series. Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series Lost and 24, Fox decided to back production in 2004. The first season received generally positive reviews,[2] and performed well in the ratings. The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run, but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity. Prison Break was nominated for several industry awards, including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama, which it won. In the United States, all five seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally."}
{"id": "doc884188", "text": "Consider the roll of a fair die and let A = 1 if the number is even (i.e. 2, 4, or 6) and A = 0 otherwise. Furthermore, let B = 1 if the number is prime (i.e. 2, 3, or 5) and B = 0 otherwise."}
{"id": "doc884430", "text": "Joost van den Vondel, Dutch poet and playwright"}
{"id": "doc884614", "text": "Many of the bishops of Rome in the first three centuries of the Christian era are obscure figures. Several suffered martyrdom along with members of their flock in periods of persecution. Most of them engaged in intense theological arguments with other bishops."}
{"id": "doc884729", "text": "The following day is also a holy day of obligation in all of Spain:"}
{"id": "doc884905", "text": "Many of the show's estimated five thousand plus episodes exist:"}
{"id": "doc885054", "text": "The celebrity cast line-up for the sixteenth series was confirmed on 7 November 2016.[6][7][8]"}
{"id": "doc887635", "text": "Between 674 and 671\u00c2\u00a0BC the Assyrians, tiring of Egyptian meddling, began their invasion of Egypt under King Esarhaddon, the successor of Sennacherib. Assyrian armies had been the best in the world since the 14th century BC, and conquered this vast territory with surprising speed. Taharqa was driven from power by Esarhaddon, and fled to his Nubian homeland. Esarhaddon describes \"installing local kings and governors\" and \"All Ethiopians I deported from Egypt, leaving not one to do homage to me\"."}
{"id": "doc887699", "text": "Eratosthenes first calculated the radius of the Earth in about 230\u00c2\u00a0BC by comparing shadows in wells during the summer solstice.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc889047", "text": "The Beatles' final paid concert \u2014 not only of the tour, but also of the band's career \u2014 took place on 29 August 1966 at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, California. Only 25,000 tickets were sold despite the fact that Candlestick Park has a capacity for 42,500 people. A local company called Tempo Productions was in charge of the arrangement and due to the low ticket sales and other expenses, this concert resulted in a loss for them. At 9:27 pm, the Beatles finally took the stage and proceeded to play eleven songs: \"Rock And Roll Music\", \"She's A Woman\", \"If I Needed Someone\", \"Day Tripper\", \"Baby's In Black\", \"I Feel Fine\", \"Yesterday\", \"I Wanna Be Your Man\", \"Nowhere Man\", \"Paperback Writer\" and \"Long Tall Sally\"."}
{"id": "doc889101", "text": "The game was initially released in Japan on November 29, 2012,[8] before eventually being released in Europe on March 28, 2014, Australia on March 29, 2014, and North America on August 29.[5]"}
{"id": "doc890256", "text": "Evan Rachel Wood was offered Jill Johnson's role, but turned it down. Camilla Belle was then approached and almost turned the role down due to her personal dislike for horror films but Simon West convinced her that he was going more for a psychological thriller and so she accepted. To prepare for her role Belle had to do two months of weight-training and learning how to run. Belle was injured twice on the set, she struck a wooden bridge cutting and scarring her hand and also slammed her head against a glass window.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc890257", "text": "Principal photography began on January 1, 2005 and completed on 28 February 2005 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Bellarmine-Jefferson High School was used to portray the high school seen in the film while Signal Hill was used to portray the carnival shown in the film. Running Springs was used as the filming location for the road sequences. The house that was used in the film is located in Culver Studios - 9336 W. Washington Blvd., Culver City."}
{"id": "doc890682", "text": "Truman lures the Rosellini crew to a darkened cemetery, where an extended battle ensues, including the arrival of the Gates clan (and their hound dogs and rattlesnakes). In the end, Truman has Joey pinned on the ground with a knife to his throat only to be stopped when Poppa John Isabella arrives with members of the Gates family held at gunpoint. He orders Truman to drop the knife and move out of the way. Papa John has learned the truth about Lawrence's murder, and to Joey's horror, he points the gun not at Truman, but at him. Joey asks him what is he going to do. The Don tells Joey, \"This is for killing my son,\" and he fatally shoots Joey."}
{"id": "doc890684", "text": "Some of the home scenes and the opening scenes were filmed in the small Perry County Kentucky coal camp of Hardburly. Others were done at the MC Napier High School gym in Hazard and in Letcher County near Carbonton."}
{"id": "doc890730", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the San Francisco International Film Festival on April 14, 2018. It was released on June 8, 2018 on Netflix."}
{"id": "doc891692", "text": "The character was first brought to life in an early television play telecast live in 1949 by CBS television, as part of their anthology series Studio One. She was played by character actress Mary Wickes. E.G. Marshall portrayed Mr. Banks and future Lassie child star Tommy Rettig played Michael. David Opatoshu played Bert, who was a Match Man (a seller of matches) in this version."}
{"id": "doc893144", "text": "gorillas\u00a0(genus Gorilla)"}
{"id": "doc893803", "text": "Illinois is divided into 18 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives."}
{"id": "doc894422", "text": "Each member in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit."}
{"id": "doc894707", "text": "1. Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence."}
{"id": "doc896716", "text": "Delegates, understanding that the number of states would inevitably increase,[12] did agree to include wording into this clause to preclude formation of a new state out of an established one without the consent of the established state as well as the Congress.[3] It was anticipated that Kentucky (which was a part of Virginia), Franklin (which was a part of North Carolina, and later became part of the Southwest Territory), Vermont (to which New York asserted a disputed claim), and Maine (which was a part of Massachusetts), would become states. As a result of this compromise, new breakaway states are permitted to join the Union, but only with the proper consents.[13]"}
{"id": "doc897013", "text": "These twelve possibilities can be conveniently expressed as 00, e1, o6 or 25 where o is an odd digit and e an even digit."}
{"id": "doc898833", "text": "The building of the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad, completed in 1883, finally linked Pensacola and the Panhandle solidly with the rest of the state and ended the region's isolation, although from time to time during the twentieth century there were still occasional calls for annexation that generated some public discussion but no legislative action."}
{"id": "doc901372", "text": "The supraorbital ridge or brow ridge, known as superciliary arches in medicine, refers to a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates. In Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans) the eyebrows are located on their lower margin."}
{"id": "doc901884", "text": "The evaluation of processes that protect the environment alongside resource and energy consumption to most favourable to least favourable actions.[1] The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability.[1] To be sustainable, waste management cannot be solved only with technical end-of-pipe solutions and an integrated approach is necessary.[2]"}
{"id": "doc902520", "text": "\"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\" is a popular English Christmas  carol from the West Country of England."}
{"id": "doc902546", "text": "On Frege's account, any referring expression has a sense as well as a referent. Such a \"mediated reference\" view has certain theoretical advantages over Mill's view. For example, co-referential names, such as Samuel Clemens and Mark Twain, cause problems for a directly referential view because it is possible for someone to hear \"Mark Twain is Samuel Clemens\" and be surprised \u00e2\u20ac\u201c thus, their cognitive content seems different."}
{"id": "doc902657", "text": "Monroe is a surname of Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc903103", "text": "Regarding the different meaning of the suffixes, \"-ov\", \"-ev\"/\"-ova\", \"-eva\" are used for expressing relationship to the father and \"-in\"/\"-ina\" for relationship to the mother (often for orphans whose father is dead)."}
{"id": "doc903105", "text": "In addition, many Czechs and some Slovaks have German surnames due to mixing between the ethnic groups over the past thousand years. Deriving women's names from German and other foreign names is often problematic since foreign names do not suit Czech language rules, although most commonly -ov\u00e1 is simply added (Schmidtov\u00e1; umlauts are often, but not always, dropped, e.g. M\u00fcllerov\u00e1), or the German name is respelled with Czech spelling (\u0160mitov\u00e1). Hungarian names, which can be found fairly commonly among Slovaks, can also be either left unchanged (Hungarian Nagy, fem. Nagyov\u00e1) or respelled according to Czech/Slovak orthography (masc. Na\u010f, fem. Na\u010fov\u00e1)."}
{"id": "doc903109", "text": "A separate class of surnames derive from the names of noble clans. These are used either as separate names or the first part of a double-barrelled name. Thus, persons named Jan Nieczuja and Krzysztof Nieczuja-Machocki might be related. Similarly, after World War I and World War II, many members of Polish underground organizations adopted their war-time pseudonyms as the first part of their surnames. Edward Rydz thus became Marshal of Poland Edward \u015amig\u0142y-Rydz and Zdzis\u0142aw Jeziora\u0144ski became Jan Nowak-Jeziora\u0144ski."}
{"id": "doc903129", "text": "In Montenegro and Herzegovina, family names came to signify all people living within one clan or bratstvo. As there exists a strong tradition of inheriting personal names from grandparents to grandchildren, an additional patronymic usually using suffix -ov had to be introduced to make distinctions between two persons bearing the same personal name and the same family name and living within same area. A noted example is Marko Miljanov Popovi\u0107, i.e. Marko, son of Miljan, from Popovi\u0107 family."}
{"id": "doc904083", "text": "Alex (Malcolm McDowell), the main character, is a charismatic, antisocial delinquent whose interests include classical music (especially Beethoven), rape, and what is termed \"ultra-violence\". He leads a small gang of thugs, Pete (Michael Tarn), Georgie (James Marcus), and Dim (Warren Clarke), whom he calls his droogs (from the Russian word \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433, \"friend\", \"buddy\"). The film chronicles the horrific crime spree of his gang, his capture, and attempted rehabilitation via a controversial psychological conditioning technique by the Minister of the Interior (Anthony Sharp) named Ludovico. Alex narrates most of the film in Nadsat, a fractured adolescent slang composed of Slavic (especially Russian), English, and Cockney rhyming slang."}
{"id": "doc904153", "text": "The angels mentioned in the Torah, the older books of the Hebrew Bible, are without names. Shimon ben Lakish of Tiberias (AD 230\u00e2\u20ac\u201c270), asserted that all the specific names for the angels were brought back by the Jews from Babylon, and modern commentators would tend to agree.[3]\nAccording to the Talmud, Raphael is identified as one of the three angels that appeared to Abraham in the oak grove of Mamre, in the region of Hebron. (Gen. xviii; Bava Metzia 86b). Michael, as the greatest, walked in the middle, with Gabriel to his right and Raphael to his left (Yoma 37a). All three angels were commanded to carry out a specific mission. Gabriel's mission was to destroy Sodom; Michael's mission was to inform Sarah that she would give birth to Issac in a year's time; Raphael's mission was to heal Abraham (from his recent circumcision) and save Lot. Rashi writes, \"Although Raphael's mission included two tasks, they were considered a single mission since they were both acts that saved people.\" [4]"}
{"id": "doc904885", "text": "A large share of all civil cases filed in state courts are debt collection cases. For example, in Colorado in 2002, about 87% of all civil cases filed in the courts of inferior jurisdiction were debt collection and eviction cases, while in the court of general jurisdiction, about 60% of all civil cases (other than domestic relations and probate cases) were debt collection, foreclosure, and tax collection cases. A large share of the balance of civil cases in courts of limited jurisdiction involve temporary restraining orders, typically in non-marital domestic relations contexts, and name change petitions (generally for marriage, divorce or child custody reasons). A large share of the balance of civil cases in courts of general jurisdiction involve divorces, child custody disputes, child abuse cases, uncontested probate administrations, and personal injury cases that do not involve workplace injuries (which are usually handled through a non-judicial workers compensation process)."}
{"id": "doc905064", "text": "For earth outer core, \u03c1 is approximately 104 kg/m3,[19] \u03a9=2\u03c0/day = 7.3x10\u22125 seconds and \u03c3 is approximately 107\u03a9\u22121m\u22121.[20]\nThis gives 2.7x10\u22124 Tesla."}
{"id": "doc905614", "text": "In the Nickelodeon show Drake & Josh, Drake, Josh, and Megan take a trip to Mystic Mountain (parody of Magic Mountain) in the episode \"The Demonator\", and they ride the \"Demonator\". Also, in another Nickelodeon show Zoey 101 Zoey and Lisa take Michael to Mystic Mountain (both Drake & Josh and Zoey 101 were created by Dan Schneider), and they help Michael overcome his roller coaster fear in the episode \"Rollercoaster\". He rides the \"Spine Twister\", which was actually the Goliath from Magic Mountain. In 1990, Nickelodeon's Wild and Crazy Kids, the wooden roller coaster,Colossus, was featured as a game called \"Wacky RollerCoaster Spill\". In the movie This Is Spinal Tap, the band performs as second billing to a puppet show at the fictional \"Themeland Amusement Park\" in Stockton, California, located 300 miles (480\u00c2\u00a0km) north of Santa Clarita. The actual filming location is Magic Mountain's amphitheater. The Kidsongs video Ride the Roller Coaster is set at Six Flags Magic Mountain. Nick Cannon group The School Gyrls movie premiere was at Magic Mountain. In the new movie Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer, they go to a theme park and ride a roller coaster for the first time. The coaster was Goliath. Goliath was also featured as the \"Aquaman\" roller coaster in the third season of the HBO series Entourage."}
{"id": "doc906433", "text": "After eating, Abraham and the three visitors got up. They walked over to the peak that overlooked the 'cities of the plain' to discuss the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah for their detestable sins that were so great, it moved God to action. Because Abraham's nephew was living in Sodom, God revealed plans to confirm and judge these cities. At this point, the two other visitors left for Sodom. Then Abraham turned to God and pleaded decrementally with Him (from fifty persons to less) that \"if there were at least ten righteous men found in the city, would not God spare the city?\" For the sake of ten righteous people, God declared that he would not destroy the city.[Genesis 18:17\u00e2\u20ac\u201c33]"}
{"id": "doc906677", "text": "Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961\u00a0\u2013 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent to the British throne, and the mother of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex."}
{"id": "doc906768", "text": "In January 2017, Diana's sons commissioned a statue of their mother for Kensington Palace to commemorate the 20th anniversary of her death.[286] In an official statement released by Kensington Palace, William and Harry said \"Our mother touched so many lives. We hope the statue will help all those who visit Kensington Palace to reflect on her life and her legacy.\"[286] The money will be raised through public donations, and a small committee consisting of close friends and advisers, including Diana's sister Lady Sarah McCorquodale, are said to be working on the project.[385] In December 2017, it was announced that Ian Rank-Broadley had been commissioned to execute the statue. Its completion is expected in 2019.[386][387]"}
{"id": "doc908573", "text": "It was also a site for filming of parts of Disney's hit 1950s TV series, Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier."}
{"id": "doc911115", "text": "National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship)"}
{"id": "doc911121", "text": "The basis for the subregionals returned to the approach used between 1982 and 2002; the top sixteen teams, as chosen in the bracket selection process, hosted the first two rounds on campus. The process was generally followed in 2016, with the exception that if one of the top 16 teams was unable to host, another team would be selected. Michigan State was a 4 seed, but was unable to host because the Spartans' home of the Breslin Center hosted a state high school tournament during the weekend of the first two rounds. As a result, Mississippi State hosted in Starkville.[5]"}
{"id": "doc911130", "text": "Sweet Sixteen & Elite Eight Friday/Sunday"}
{"id": "doc911132", "text": "Sweet Sixteen & Elite Eight Saturday/Monday"}
{"id": "doc913113", "text": "Chandler's best friend is Ross Geller (David Schwimmer), who was his college roommate. He and Ross were in a band named Way/No Way during college. He met Ross's sister, Monica Geller (Courteney Cox), and her friend, Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), while celebrating Thanksgiving at Ross's House. Chandler was the first person to know about Ross's love for Rachel. He moved to New York City and lives across the hall from Monica and, through her, meets Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow). At some point during this time, Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc) moves in with him and they become best friends. Chandler has a very good sense of humor, and is notoriously sarcastic. He is the highest earning member of his friends circle on account of responsible income management, having learned the value of money from a young age. He suffers from commitment issues, but later marries Monica."}
{"id": "doc913417", "text": "Following his abdication in 1936 the former King Edward VIII was given the title Duke of Windsor."}
{"id": "doc914073", "text": "While seeking for the Baptism with the Holy Ghost in Los Angeles, after Sister Ferrell [sic] laid hands on me I praised and praised God and saw my Savior in the heavens. And as I praised, I came closer and closer and I was so small. By and by I swept into the wound in His side, and He was not only in me but I in Him, and there I found that rest that passeth all understanding, and He said to me, you are in the bosom of the Father. He said I was clothed upon and in the secret place of the Most High. But I said, Father, I want the gift of the Holy Ghost, and the heavens opened and I was overshadowed, and such power came upon me and went through me. He said, Praise Me, and when I did, angels came and ministered unto me. I was passive in His hands working on my vocal cords, and I realized they were loosing me. I began to praise Him in an unknown language.[58]"}
{"id": "doc914411", "text": "Notre Dame College was first established at Laxmibazaar, Old Dhaka in November, 1949 with the name \"St. Gregory College\". In 1954-55, the institution was transferred to Arambagh, Motijheel from its initial location of Dhaka with the present name \u00e2\u20ac\u201c \"Notre Dame\", referring to Mary or Maryam, mother of Jesus Christ.[3][4]"}
{"id": "doc915221", "text": "Later, the 3rd dynasty of Ur under Ur-Nammu and Shulgi, whose power extended as far as southern Assyria, was the last great \"Sumerian renaissance\", but already the region was becoming more Semitic than Sumerian, with the resurgence of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites) who were to found several competing local powers in the south, including Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna and some time later Babylonia. The last of these eventually came to briefly dominate the south of Mesopotamia as the Babylonian Empire, just as the Old Assyrian Empire had already done so in the north from the late 21st century BC. The Sumerian language continued as a sacerdotal language taught in schools in Babylonia and Assyria, much as Latin was used in the Medieval period, for as long as cuneiform was utilized."}
{"id": "doc915626", "text": "Surveying the political instability, Bhutto's central government sacked two provincial governments within six months, arrested the two chief ministers, two governors and forty-four MNAs and MPAs, obtained an order from the Supreme Court banning the NAP and charged them all with high treason, to be tried by a specially constituted Hyderabad Tribunal of handpicked judges."}
{"id": "doc915991", "text": "The seventh season of Friends, an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, premiered on NBC on October 12, 2000. Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 17, 2001."}
{"id": "doc917675", "text": "This results in two opposing interpretations of this slot, that of Friedlein and that of many other experts such as Ifrah,[4] and Menninger[2] who propose the one and two thirds usage."}
{"id": "doc917792", "text": "The weekend of celebrations ended with a balcony appearance at Buckingham Palace. The Queen appeared on the balcony with the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cornwall, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duchess of Cambridge, and Prince Harry in front of cheering crowds outside the palace and along The Mall. There followed a feu de joie and a flypast by the Red Arrows and historic aircraft,[175] including the last flying Lancaster bomber in Britain. Several media commentators commented on the significance of only senior members of the royal family appearing on the balcony. BBC royal correspondent Peter Hunt remarked that it \"sent a message demonstrating both continuity and restraint at a time of austerity\".[176]"}
{"id": "doc918892", "text": "In the child process, the return value appears as zero (which is an invalid process identifier). The child process prints the desired greeting message, then exits. (For technical reasons, the POSIX _exit function must be used here instead of the C standard exit function.)"}
{"id": "doc919332", "text": "Later rabbinical sources preserve several traces of the Bosom of Abraham teaching.[13][14] In Kiddushin 72b, Adda bar Ahavah of the third century, is said to be \"sitting in the bosom of Abraham\", Likewise \"In the world to come Abraham sits at the gate of Gehenna, permitting none to enter who bears the seal of the covenant\" according to Rabbi Levi in Genesis Rabba 67.[15] In the 1860s Abraham Geiger suggested that the parable of Lazarus in Luke 16 preserved a Jewish legend and that Lazarus represented Abraham's servant Eleazar[16]"}
{"id": "doc919333", "text": "The Bosom of Abraham occurs in only one New Testament passage, the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, which is only in the gospel of Luke (16:19\u00e2\u20ac\u201c31; see Luke 16:22 and Luke 16:23). Leprous Lazarus is carried by the angels to that destination after death. Abraham's bosom contrasts with the destination of a rich man who ends up in Hades. The account corresponds closely with documented 1st century AD Jewish beliefs (see above), that the dead were gathered into a general tarrying-place, made equivalent with the Sheol of the Old Testament. In Christ's account, the righteous occupied an abode of their own, which was distinctly separated by a chasm from the abode to which the wicked were consigned. The chasm is equivalent to the river in the Jewish version, but in Christ's version there is no angelic ferryman, and it is impossible to pass from one side to the other."}
{"id": "doc919340", "text": "When Christians pray that the angels may carry the soul of the departed to \"Abraham's Bosom\", non-Orthodox Christians might mean it as heaven; as it is taught in the West that those in the Limbo of the Fathers went to heaven after the Ascension of Jesus, and so Abraham himself is now in heaven. However, the understanding of both Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy preserves the Bosom of Abraham as distinct from heaven.[25]"}
{"id": "doc919720", "text": "Barclaycard Arena, Birmingham"}
{"id": "doc919955", "text": "\"How then were your eyes opened?\" they asked. He replied, \"The man they call Jesus made some mud and put it on my eyes. He told me to go to Siloam and wash. So I went and washed, and then I could see.\""}
{"id": "doc920086", "text": "When followed by a plural predicative complement, a plural verb must be used:[25]"}
{"id": "doc920532", "text": "Prince William and Kate Middleton met in 2001. Their engagement on 20 October 2010 was announced on 16 November 2010. The build-up to the wedding and the occasion itself attracted much media attention, being compared in many ways with the 1981 marriage of William's parents. The occasion was a public holiday in the United Kingdom and featured many ceremonial aspects, including use of the state carriages and roles for the Foot Guards and Household Cavalry. Events were held around the Commonwealth to mark the wedding; organisations and hotels held events across Canada,[1] over 5,000 street parties were held throughout the United Kingdom, and one million people lined the route between Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace.[2][3] The ceremony was viewed live by tens of millions more around the world, including 72 million live streams on YouTube.[4] In the United Kingdom, television audiences peaked at 26.3 million viewers, with a total of 36.7 million watching part of the coverage."}
{"id": "doc920537", "text": "On 23 November 2010, the date of the ceremony was confirmed as Friday 29 April 2011.[23][24] The Queen in her British Council ordered on 15 December 2010 that the wedding day would be a public holiday throughout the United Kingdom.[23][25][26] It was also declared an official public holiday in the British Overseas Territories of Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos, and the British Crown Dependencies of Guernsey, Jersey, and the Isle of Man.[27][28][29] As 29 April fell six days before elections for the Scottish Parliament and the Alternative Vote referendum, this attracted political comment.[30][31][32] John Curtice, a professor of politics at the University of Strathclyde, stated for the Scottish elections that the date was \"unfortunate\" and was \"likely to see the Royal Family getting caught up in political debate\".[33]"}
{"id": "doc920692", "text": "The 2012 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a single-elimination tournament involving 68 schools playing to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 13, 2012, and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans."}
{"id": "doc920729", "text": "2012 marked the second year of a 14-year partnership between CBS Sports and Turner Broadcasting cable networks TBS, TNT and truTV to cover the entire tournament under the NCAA March Madness banner. CBS aired the Final Four and championship rounds for the 31st consecutive year."}
{"id": "doc920736", "text": "At the closing of the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Stadium, the Prince Albert, Duke of York, the second son of King George V, addresses them with a strong stammer. His search for treatment has been discouraging, but his wife Elizabeth persuades him to see the Australian-born Lionel Logue, a non-medically trained Harley Street speech defects therapist. \"Bertie,\" as he is called by his family, believes the first session is not going well although Lionel (he insists that all his patients address him as such) manages to have the potential client recite, on an acetate recording, Hamlet's \"To be, or not to be\" soliloquy sublimely all the while hearing piped-in classical music on a pair of head phones. Bertie is disappointed and Lionel gives him the recording as a souvenir."}
{"id": "doc920840", "text": "The Hague has its share of museums, most notably the Mauritshuis, located next to the Binnenhof, which exhibits many paintings by Dutch masters, such as Johannes Vermeer, Rembrandt van Rijn and Paulus Potter. Other museums include the science museum Museon, the modern art museum Gemeentemuseum, the historic museum Haags Historisch Museum, the national postal museum Museum voor Communicatie, the Museum Bredius, the Louis Couperus Museum, the museum Beelden aan Zee in Scheveningen, and the former prison housed in a 15th-century gatehouse, the Gevangenpoort."}
{"id": "doc922263", "text": "The cardiovascular systems of humans are closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels. In contrast, oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the blood vessel layers and enter interstitial fluid, which carries oxygen and nutrients to the target cells, and carbon dioxide and wastes in the opposite direction. The other component of the circulatory system, the lymphatic system, is open."}
{"id": "doc922271", "text": "The circulatory system of the lungs is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein."}
{"id": "doc922273", "text": "A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung."}
{"id": "doc922301", "text": "In reptiles, the ventricular septum of the heart is incomplete and the pulmonary artery is equipped with a sphincter muscle. This allows a second possible route of blood flow. Instead of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, the sphincter may be contracted to divert this blood flow through the incomplete ventricular septum into the left ventricle and out through the aorta. This means the blood flows from the capillaries to the heart and back to the capillaries instead of to the lungs. This process is useful to ectothermic (cold-blooded) animals in the regulation of their body temperature."}
{"id": "doc922314", "text": "Michael Servetus was the first European to describe the function of pulmonary circulation, although his achievement was not widely recognized at the time, for a few reasons. He firstly described it in the \"Manuscript of Paris\"[24][25] (near 1546), but this work was never published. And later he published this description, but in a theological treatise, Christianismi Restitutio, not in a book on medicine. Only three copies of the book survived but these remained hidden for decades, the rest were burned shortly after its publication in 1553 because of persecution of Servetus by religious authorities."}
{"id": "doc923363", "text": "The Disney-produced English dub was recorded in 1998 and planned for release on video in 1999, but Disney eventually decided to release it to theaters instead."}
{"id": "doc923913", "text": "Medina is a habitational Spanish surname of Arabic-Moorish origin coming from several places. The surname is borne by Moriscos and Sephardic Jews. Notable people with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc924826", "text": "Many years later, the FREQUENCY statement had no effect on the code, and was treated as a comment statement, since the compilers no longer did this kind of compile-time simulation. A similar fate has befallen compiler hints in several other programming languages; for example C's register keyword.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc925929", "text": "Between 2005 and 2011, there was a Premier League representative in seven of the eight Champions League finals, with only \"Top Four\" clubs reaching that stage. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) and Chelsea (2012) won the competition during this period, with Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) and Manchester United (2009 and 2011) all losing Champions League finals. Leeds United were the only non-\"Top Four\" side to reach the semi-finals of the Champions League, in the 2000\u201301 season. No Premier League side has reached the final since Chelsea's victory in 2012 - with only two reaching the semi-finals."}
{"id": "doc926314", "text": "Even if a government's executive officer or legislature is partisan, appointments of cabinet members, judges, or directors of government agencies, may be nonpartisan. The intent of appointing government officials in a nonpartisan manner is to insure the officers can perform their duties free from partisan politics, and are chosen in a fair manner that does not adversely affect a political party. Twelve US states use the Missouri Plan, and two use a variation of it, to choose judges in a nonpartisan manner. Several countries with partisan parliaments use nonpartisan appointments to choose presidents."}
{"id": "doc926861", "text": "On February 4, 2013, Marc Webb posted on Twitter that principal photography had begun and that the sequel was being shot on 35 mm film in the anamorphic format,[47][48] instead of being filmed digitally as the preceding film was. Sony revealed this would be the first Spider-Man film to be filmed entirely in New York State, including a car-chase scene that was filmed in Rochester because the speed laws are less restrictive in upstate New York.[49]\nIt became the largest film production ever in New York State.[50] The decision to film in Williamsburg, Brooklyn near the Passover holiday caused some controversy, as critics believed that this was culturally insensitive, and would cause problems with parking.[51] The filming company decided to work with the community and then agreed to adjust its production activities for Passover.[52][53] The producers had assembled a 200-person crew for the 10-day shoot in Rochester, with a total number of 250 local crew members and 150 local extras.[54] The prominent scenes were shot mostly on Main Street of Rochester and were digitally remastered to look like New York City.[55]"}
{"id": "doc928587", "text": "The Establishment Clause was based on a number of precursors, including the Constitutions of Clarendon, the Bill of Rights 1689, and the Pennsylvania and New Jersey colonial constitutions.  An initial draft by John Dickinson was prepared in conjunction with his drafting the Articles of Confederation.  In 1789, then-congressman James Madison prepared another draft which, following discussion and debate in the First Congress, would become part of the text of the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights. The second half of the Establishment Clause includes the Free Exercise Clause, which allows individual citizens freedom from governmental interference in both private and public religious affairs."}
{"id": "doc928962", "text": "The term is derived from the low German"}
{"id": "doc929272", "text": "The human eye's detection system, which is in the retina consists primarily of two types of light detectors: rod cells that capture light, dark, and shapes/figures, and the cone cells that detect color. A typical retina contains 120 million rods and 4.5 million to 6 million cones, which are divided among three groups that are sensitive to red, green, and blue light. This means that the eye has far more resolution in brightness, or \"luminance\", than in color. However, post-processing of the optic nerve and other portions of the human visual system combine the information from the rods and cones to re-create what appears to be a high-resolution color image."}
{"id": "doc929397", "text": "The earliest known printing of the words was in the \"Buchan Observer\" 1908. In 1930 the words and tune were given in John Ord's \"Bothy Ballads\". The tune there is in the minor key, and is not used today. The tune that is now usually fitted to the words is given in Colm O'Lochlainn's \"Irish Street Ballads\" (1939). This might explain why the song is claimed both by the Scots and the Irish. The Irish version of the words is \"Carnlough Bay\", which is in County Antrim. Edith Fowke recovered a version in Ontario in 1957. Some sources claim that it was written by Alex MacKay, from Antrim in about 1900, but without printed evidence it is hard to establish this claim. Bob Dylan used the tune for the song \"Walls of Red Wing\" on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1\u20133 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961\u20131991."}
{"id": "doc930061", "text": "LaMarr's voice over credits include a starring role on Justice League and Justice League Unlimited as John Stewart/Green Lantern, a major role as Hermes Conrad and various other characters on Futurama, and the title roles on Samurai Jack and Static Shock. Besides this he also voiced Hector Con Carne in Evil Con Carne. LaMarr reprised his role as Hermes Conrad in the Futurama movies Bender's Big Score, The Beast with a Billion Backs, Bender's Game, Into the Wild Green Yonder, and upon the series return in 2010. He also voices Wilt and other recurring characters in Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Carver Descartes on The Weekenders, Philly Phil in Class of 3000, and he portrayed the character Osmosis Jones in the television series Ozzy & Drix. He was also Gabe Wallace, and other characters in Kaijudo: Rise of the Duel Masters. He additionally voices Jazz, Omega Supreme, Oil Slick, and Jetstorm on Transformers Animated. LaMarr portrayed Nautolan Jedi Master Kit Fisto in Star Wars : The Clone Wars on Cartoon Network; he also played Amit Noloff, a one time character, and a Tactical Droid. He portrayed Aquaman, and voiced other characters in Young Justice, and he is the voice of Baxter Stockman in the new Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. He also lent his voice to the character of Lucius Fox for DC Super Hero Girls. LaMarr also provided voice talent to J.A.R.V.I.S. throughout the series of The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes."}
{"id": "doc930149", "text": "Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald is scheduled to be released by Warner Bros. Pictures on 16 November 2018.[33][34] The film will get an IMAX, IMAX 3D, and 2D release.[35]"}
{"id": "doc930753", "text": "The arena is primarily the home venue for the NBA's Boston Celtics and the NHL's Boston Bruins. It has hosted the 1996 NHL All-Star Game, the 2008 and 2010 NBA Finals, and the 2011 and 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. While dominant in their previous arena, Boston Garden, the Celtics and Bruins were initially much less successful in their new home as both teams missed the playoffs numerous times and failed to make their league's conference finals until 2008. That year the Celtics defeated their arch-rival Los Angeles Lakers in six games, clinching the 2008 NBA championship in the Garden. The Bruins overcame the Vancouver Canucks in seven games to capture the 2011 Stanley Cup, winning all games in the Garden with lopsided scores (8-1, 4-0, and 5-2) and then taking the championship on the road at Rogers Arena. In the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs, the Bruins overcame a 4-1 deficit in the deciding Game 7 against the Toronto Maple Leafs to win 5-4 in overtime, en route to making it to the Finals; the Chicago Blackhawks hoisted the Stanley Cup in the Garden after a stunning comeback in the final minute of Game Six."}
{"id": "doc930758", "text": "TD Garden is one of two NBA arenas (along with Amway Center, home of the Orlando Magic) with parquet floors. The Celtics are best known for the tradition of the parquet floor from their Boston Garden years, originally built after World War II because of cost and the scarcity of lumber in that time. The Celtics are also the only NBA team to use an oak floor, whereas the other 29 teams use maple floors. However, a traditional floor was used in the 2006 NCAA Women's Final Four, the 2009 NCAA Men's East Regional and the 2018 NCAA Men's East Regional (NCAA rules require a special NCAA-specification floor be used for all tournament games). When the 2012 NCAA Men's East Regional was held at TD Garden, a maple parquet floor was used with the same NCAA-specific design."}
{"id": "doc933773", "text": "The fifth season of Friends, an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, premiered on NBC on September 24, 1998. Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 20, 1999."}
{"id": "doc934401", "text": "In the earliest versions of C, functions with no specific result defaulted to a return type of int and functions with no arguments simply had empty argument lists. Pointers to untyped data were declared as integers or pointers to char. Some early C compilers had the feature, now seen as an annoyance, of generating a warning on any function call that did not use the function's returned value. Old code sometimes casts such function calls to void to suppress this warning.  By the time Bjarne Stroustrup began his work on C++ in 1979\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1980, void and void pointers were part of the C language dialect supported by AT&T-derived compilers.[1]"}
{"id": "doc934719", "text": "In 1877, following the Reconstruction Era, developers constructed the first railroad to San Antonio, connecting it to major markets and port cities. Texas was the first state to have major cities develop by railroads rather than waterways. In Texas, the railroads supported a markedly different pattern of development of major interior cities, such as San Antonio, Dallas and Fort Worth, compared to the historical development of coastal port cities in the established eastern states."}
{"id": "doc935115", "text": "Ships after 1848 provided easy, cheap, links among the coastal towns within California and on routes leading there. Nearly all cargo to California came by sailing ship until the completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad in 1869. The sea route was more than 17,000 miles (27,000\u00c2\u00a0km) route from the east coast or Europe around Cape Horn in South America. This route averaged about 200 days by \"standard\" sailing ship or about 120 days by Clipper. One of the main problems that occurred during the gold rush was the lack of a paying cargo for ships leaving California. Food, supplies and passengers were the main cargo coming to California; but there were only a limited return trade of returning passengers, mail and gold. Many of the sailing ships that arrived in San Francisco Bay were abandoned there or converted into warehouses or landfill."}
{"id": "doc935125", "text": "The Pony Express used much of this same route across Nevada and the Sierras in 1860-1861. These combined stage and Pony Express stations along the Central Route across Utah and Nevada were joined by the first transcontinental telegraph stations (completed 24 October 1861). The Pony express terminated soon after the telegraph was established. This combination wagon-stagecoach-pony express-telegraph line route is labeled the Pony Express National Historic Trail on the National Trail Map.[88] From Salt Lake City, the telegraph line followed much of the Mormon-California-Oregon trail(s) to Omaha, Nebraska. After the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, the telegraph lines along the railroad tracks became the main line, since the required relay stations, lines and telegraph operators were much easier to supply and maintain along the railroad. The telegraph lines that diverged from the railroad lines or significant population centers were largely abandoned."}
{"id": "doc935127", "text": "California's first railroad was built from Sacramento to Folsom, California starting in February 1855. This 22 miles (35\u00a0km) line was meant to take advantage of the prosperous gold diggings in Placerville, California but were completed at about the same time (February 1856) as the mining near there came to an end. The first Transcontinental Railroad from Sacramento, California to Omaha, Nebraska was completed on 9 May 1869. The Central Pacific Railroad, the Pacific end of the railroad, largely took over nearly all freight across the Sierra Nevada (U.S.) mountains in Northern California. By 1870 there were railroad connections to Oakland, California and via a train ferry to San Francisco, California from Sacramento\u2014effectively connecting all the major cities in California then to the east coast."}
{"id": "doc936401", "text": "The song may have derived from Irish sources from the early 19th century. Edward Bunting noted a song by the name \"Rose Connolly\" in 1811 in Coleraine.[5][6][7] A version with slightly different lyrics is known from Galway in 1929.[5] There are lyrical similarities to W. B. Yeats' 1899 poem \"Down by the Salley Gardens\", which itself probably derives from the Irish ballad, \"The Rambling Boys of Pleasure\".[5] The first versions of \"Rose Connoley\" probably derive from the Irish ballads \"The Wexford Girl\" and \"The Rambling Boys of Pleasure\", or similar songs.[5] \"The Wexford Girl\" gave rise to \"The Knoxville Girl\", a very similar murder ballad to \"Down in the Willow Garden\".[3] Unlike other Irish ballads, \"Down in the Willow Garden\" was initially restricted to the Appalachian region of the United States, and D. K. Wilgus mused that \"It is as if an Irish local song never popularized on broadsides was spread by a single Irish peddler on his travels through Appalachia.\"[5]"}
{"id": "doc936409", "text": "It is usually sung to a tune known as \"Rosin the Beau,\"[5] in 3/4 time.[11]"}
{"id": "doc936624", "text": "Elliott Gould and Christina Pickles reprised their roles as Jack and Judy Geller. The set for the Geller house was used previously in \"The One Where Joey Moves Out\", for Jack's birthday party and in the season seven episode \"The One Where Rosita Dies\", when Ross and Monica visit their parent's garage. The flashback in Thanksgiving 1987 was Monica and Chandler's first meeting along with Rachel and Chandler. Bright commented that the show tries not to contradict itself; \"once we establish something, we try not to undo it.\"[6] In \"The Pilot\" it appears Rachel meets Chandler for the first time. She also meets him in a later flashback episode, \"The One Where The Stripper Cries\". To excuse the continuity error, Bright adds they do not remember each other meeting because they look different.[6]"}
{"id": "doc936874", "text": "The movie teaser was released on 1 January 2018 and registered 10 million digital views within 29 hours on YouTube.[6]"}
{"id": "doc938300", "text": "Chapter 29, referring to the second day of creation, before the creation of human beings, says that \"one from out the order of angels\"[21] or, according to other versions of 2 Enoch, \"one of the order of archangels\"[22][23] or \"one of the ranks of the archangels\"[24] \"conceived an impossible thought, to place his throne higher than the clouds above the earth, that he might become equal in rank to [the Lord's] power. And [the Lord] threw him out from the height with his angels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless.\" Although in this chapter the name \"Satanail\" is mentioned only in a heading added in one manuscript,[19][25] this chapter too is often understood to refer to Satanail and his angels, the Grigori.[19][24]"}
{"id": "doc938302", "text": "The longer recension of 2 Enoch 18:3 identifies the prisoners of second heaven as the angels of Satanail.[27]"}
{"id": "doc938718", "text": "The first 100 prime numbers are:"}
{"id": "doc938942", "text": "The role of Charlotte was initially cast with Emily Lloyd. She had begun shooting the film when Cher supposedly made a complaint that she couldn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t play her daughter because she was too fair-haired and Winona Ryder replaced her (Cher and director Benjamin both felt Ryder looked more convincing as her daughter.) Cher was also a fan of Ryder's performance in the film Heathers and wanted to work with her.  This statement would be rather ironic given that all of Cher's real-life children are blond/fair, and given that Winona Ryder's real hair color is blonde.[3]"}
{"id": "doc939289", "text": "In 1851, Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault showed that the plane of oscillation of a pendulum, like a gyroscope, tends to stay constant regardless of the motion of the pivot, and that this could be used to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth. He suspended a pendulum free to swing in two dimensions (later named the Foucault pendulum) from the dome of the Panth\u00e9on in Paris. The length of the cord was 67\u00a0m (220\u00a0ft). Once the pendulum was set in motion, the plane of swing was observed to precess or rotate 360\u00b0 clockwise in about 32 hours.[58] This was the first demonstration of the Earth's rotation that didn't depend on celestial observations,[59] and a \"pendulum mania\" broke out, as Foucault pendulums were displayed in many cities and attracted large crowds.[60][61]"}
{"id": "doc942208", "text": "The founder Principal of the college was Prof. (Retd)Dr. Ashiq Hussain Cheema, a Veterinary Pathologist. While the current principal is Prof. Dr. Muhammad Younus Rana, a pathologist. A piece of 100-acre land was transferred to CVAS on 13-02-2007 for its permanent campus located at 12\u00c2\u00a0km on Jhang-Cheniot road close to Chenab College. Prof. Dr. M. Younus Rana has struggled a lot with full dedication and spirit for the release of budget as well as developmental, administrative and academic activities of the institution after taking over the charge of the principal."}
{"id": "doc946247", "text": "In the United States, the song was released on the Capitol album Beatles '65. The mono version \u2014 also released as a single on Capitol \u2013 features an exclusive mix with added reverb and a shorter fade as created by Beatles producer George Martin.  The stereo version of the LP presented a duophonic mix featuring a layer of reverb added by executive Dave Dexter, Jr."}
{"id": "doc946285", "text": "When the series ended in the U.K., a further seven volumes were issued exclusively in Australia, meaning that over-all 28 volumes, all 200 original episodes were released on VHS except \"Heroes\", \"Incognito\", \"Cow Tipping\", \"Canoe\" and \"True Crime\"."}
{"id": "doc949124", "text": "Deceased \u00a0\u00a0Living \u00a0\u00a0Disputed"}
{"id": "doc950615", "text": "The Telemovie was also syndicated as four half-hour episodes in later U.S. airings.[18]"}
{"id": "doc951306", "text": "Monism in modern philosophy of mind can be divided into three broad categories:"}
{"id": "doc952400", "text": "La Calavera Catrina ('Dapper Skeleton', 'Elegant Skull') is a 1910\u20131913 zinc etching by famous Mexican printmaker, cartoon illustrator and lithographer Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe Posada.[1] The image depicts a female skeleton dressed only in a hat, her chapeau en attende is related to European styles of the early 20th century. She is offered as a satirical portrait of those Mexican natives who, Posada felt, were aspiring to adopt European aristocratic traditions in the pre-revolution era. She, in particular, has become an icon of the Mexican D\u00eda de Los Muertos, or Day of the Dead."}
{"id": "doc952618", "text": "In an attempt to duplicate the success of Flo's \"Kiss my grits!\", Belle began using a new put-down: \"Butter my biscuits!\". Belle often used the phrase, \"My little voice\", who called her \"Isabelle\", which she usually used when starting to tell others what she thinks is best."}
{"id": "doc952661", "text": "Depending on the context, \"cone\" may also mean specifically a convex cone or a projective cone."}
{"id": "doc952662", "text": "Cones can also be generalized to higher dimensions."}
{"id": "doc952849", "text": "The National Assembly of Kenya has a total of 349 seats; 205 members are elected from the constituencies, 47 women are elected from the counties and 12 members are nominated representatives."}
{"id": "doc952880", "text": "In Japan, both houses of today's national parliament, the National Diet (Kokkai), are directly elected, and although the two chambers differ in legislative and political authority, term length and age restriction of eligibility, the members of both houses are generally equal in personal status (financial compensation, immunity, etc.). There are currently 717 Members of the National Diet (Kokkai giin, \u56fd\u4f1a\u8b70\u54e1): 475 Members of the House of Representatives (Sh\u016bgiin giin, \u8846\u8b70\u9662\u8b70\u54e1) and 242 Members of the House of Councillors (Sangiin giin, \u53c2\u8b70\u9662\u8b70\u54e1). The former are elected in general/by-/repeat elections of members of the House of Representatives (Sh\u016bgiin giin s\u014d-/hoketsu-/sai-senkyo), the latter in regular/by-/repeat elections of members of the House of Councillors (Sangiin giin ts\u016bj\u014d-/hoketsu-/sai-senkyo). Under the postwar constitution, the prime minister is elected by the National Diet and must be a member of the National Diet, as must the majority of other ministers; by practice, all prime ministers since 1947 have been members of the House of Representatives so far."}
{"id": "doc953504", "text": "Cariamiformes (seriemas)"}
{"id": "doc953506", "text": "Psittacopasserae (parrots and songbirds)"}
{"id": "doc955504", "text": "The film was originally planned to be released in 2017, though it was later announced that it was delayed to a later release date of January 5, 2018.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc955601", "text": "In Acts 1:26, especially v. 14, Mary is the only one other than the eleven apostles to be mentioned by name who abode in the upper room, when they returned from Mount Olivet. Some[who?] speculate that the \"elect lady\" mentioned in 2\u00c2\u00a0John 1:1 may be Mary. From this time, she disappears from the biblical accounts, although it is held by Catholics that she is again portrayed as the heavenly woman of Revelation.[Rev 12:1]"}
{"id": "doc955622", "text": "It was necessary that the body of the one who preserved her virginity intact in giving birth should also be kept incorrupt after death. It was necessary that she, who carried the Creator in her womb when he was a baby, should dwell among the tabernacles of heaven.[109]"}
{"id": "doc955743", "text": "After a pre-Broadway tryout in Denver, Colorado from July to September 2007, the musical began Broadway previews in November 3 2007 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, replacing Disney's Beauty and the Beast. The production officially opened on January 10, 2008 and closed on August 30, 2009 after 685 performances and 50 previews. It introduced Broadway debuts by director Francesca Zambello and Sierra Boggess in the title role."}
{"id": "doc958366", "text": "In Mexico, after the national anthem was established in 1854, most of the states of the federation adopted local anthems, which often emphasize heroes, virtues or particular landscapes."}
{"id": "doc958476", "text": "The TV series The Librarians (2014) paid tribute to Northern Exposure by setting its final episode of Season 2 in the quirky small town of Roslyn, Washington."}
{"id": "doc959206", "text": "Limited liability company members may, in certain circumstances, also incur a personal liability in cases where distributions to members render the LLC insolvent.[14]"}
{"id": "doc959527", "text": "The \"Beare\" suffix came from the Beara peninsula that was named for the Spanish princess Bera, the wife of the first King of\nMunster. They continued to be harassed by the Normans and so allied themselves with the McCarthys and the O'Donoghues.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc960776", "text": "In order to encourage settlement of western lands, Congress passed the first of several Homestead Acts in 1862, granting parcels in 40-acre (160,000\u00c2\u00a0m2) increments to homesteaders who could maintain a living on land for a period of time. Congress also made huge land grants to various railroads working to complete a transcontinental rail system. Much of these latter grants intentionally included mineral and timber-rich lands so that the railroads could get financing to build. Again, the hypothesis was that the railroads would sell off the land to get money."}
{"id": "doc962084", "text": "The term \"nasal cavity\" can refer to each of the two sides of the nose or to the two sides combined."}
{"id": "doc963099", "text": "The Land of Nod (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05e0\u05d5\u05d3\u202c, eretz-Nod) is a place mentioned in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible, located \"on the east of Eden\" (qidmat-\u2018Eden), where Cain was exiled by God after Cain had murdered his brother Abel. According to Genesis 4:16:"}
{"id": "doc963332", "text": "The game was originally announced by Tarsier Studios in May 2014 under the title Hunger with no known publisher for release on PlayStation 4. After a teaser trailer in February 2015, nothing was heard of the project until August 2016, when Bandai Namco Entertainment announced that they had entered into a worldwide publishing agreement with Tarsier for the project, which was now re-titled Little Nightmares.[6]"}
{"id": "doc963669", "text": "Since 1947, Pakistan has had eighteen prime ministers, aside from the appointed caretaker prime ministers who were only mandated to oversee the system until the election process was finished. In Pakistan's parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is sworn-in by the President and usually is the Chairman or/ the President of the party or coalition that has a majority in the National Assembly\u00e2\u20ac\u201c the lower house of Pakistan Parliament."}
{"id": "doc963670", "text": "After the Partition of India on the midnight of 14/15 August 1947, Pakistan followed the British system by creating the post of Prime Minister based at the Prime Minister's Secretariat.[3][4] The then Governor-General of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, took advice from the Founding Fathers of the nation and appointed Liaquat Ali Khan to establish and lead his administration on 15 August 1947.[5] Before the presidential system in 1960, seven prime ministers had served between 1947 until martial law in 1958. In 1971, the office was again revived but ceased to exist shortly.[6][7] Executive powers and authority was given to the Prime Minister when the full set of the Constitution of Pakistan was promulgated in 1973 but the post was ceased from its effective operations after another martial law in 1977.[8][9] After the general elections held in 1985, the office came to its existence.[6] Between 1988\u201399, the office was held by Benazir Bhutto of the PPP and Nawaz Sharif of PML(N), each holding the office for two non-consecutive terms between 1988 and 1999: Bhutto during 1988\u201390 and 1993\u201396;[10] and Sharif during 1990\u201393 and 1997\u201399.[11][12]"}
{"id": "doc964756", "text": "Most of the scenes in The Kid from the Big Apple were filmed at an apartment block in Taman Yulek, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur.[1]"}
{"id": "doc964811", "text": "Tucci played the role of the composer Maestro Cadenza in the live-action remake of Beauty and the Beast."}
{"id": "doc965461", "text": "In the film, with Cobra operative Zartan still impersonating the President of the United States, the terrorist organization is able to frame the Joes as traitors, and have them nearly annihilated in an airstrike. Cobra Commander places the world leaders under Cobra's control, and gains access to their advanced warheads. Outnumbered and outgunned, the surviving Joes form a plan with the original G.I. Joe, General Joseph Colton, to overthrow the Cobra Commander and his allies.[11]"}
{"id": "doc965463", "text": "Following the events of The Rise of Cobra, Duke (Channing Tatum) has become the leader of the G.I. Joe unit, which is framed for stealing nuclear warheads from Pakistan by Zartan (Arnold Vosloo), who is impersonating the President of the United States (Jonathan Pryce). The unit is subsequently eliminated in a military air strike with Duke as one of the casualties. The only survivors are Roadblock (Dwayne Johnson), Flint (D.J. Cotrona), and Lady Jaye (Adrianne Palicki)."}
{"id": "doc966112", "text": "As people flee Staten Island on the night of the experiment, Nya joins her friends Dolores, Luisa and Selina in a church to wait out the Purge. Dmitri has stayed behind because Capital A has sent Anna and Elsa, two hookers, to his office. Skeletor commits the first-ever murder during the Purge, and the video recorded by the NFFA goes viral. The NFFA also observe that more parties than killings are taking place. Isaiah confronts Skeletor during the Purge but cannot shoot him. Skeletor chases Isaiah throughout the streets but Isaiah manages to hide and he calls Nya to help. Anna and Elsa are revealed to be Purgers who attempt to kill Dmitri, but Dmitri fights them off and learns that Capital A had sent them in an attempt to take over Dmitri's business. Skeletor captures Nya in the streets and attempts to rape her, but Isaiah stabs him in the back and they escape."}
{"id": "doc966365", "text": "The Compromise of 1790 was a compromise between Alexander Hamilton on the one hand and Thomas Jefferson and James Madison whereby Hamilton won the decision for the national government to take over and pay the state debts, while Jefferson and Madison obtained the national capital (District of Columbia) for the South. The compromise resolved the deadlock in Congress. Southerners were blocking the assumption of state debts by the treasury, thereby destroying the Hamiltonian program for building a fiscally strong nation state. Northerners rejected the proposal, much desired by Virginians, to locate the permanent national capital on the Virginia-Maryland border. The compromise made possible the passage of the Residence and Funding (Assumption) Acts in July and August 1790. Historian Jacob Cooke says it is, \"generally regarded as one of the most important bargains in American history, ranking just below the better known Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.\"[1]"}
{"id": "doc966476", "text": "Rome had no single constitutional office, title or rank exactly equivalent to the English title \"Roman emperor\". Romans of the Imperial era used several titles to denote their emperors, and all were associated with the pre-Imperial, Republican era."}
{"id": "doc967500", "text": "Fritz originated as a German nickname for Friedrich, or Frederick (der alte Fritz was a nickname for King Frederick II of Prussia and Frederick III, German Emperor), as well as for similar names including Fridolin. Fritz was also a name given to German troops by the British and others in the First and Second World Wars, equivalent to Tommy, as the British troops were called by German and other troops.[1] Other common bases for which the name Fritz was used include the surnames Fritsche, Fritzsche, Fritsch, and Frisch(e)."}
{"id": "doc967808", "text": "The 2010 United States House of Representatives elections were held November 2, 2010, as part of the 2010 midterm elections (along with Senate elections), at the midpoint of President Barack Obama's first term in office. Voters of the 50 U.S. states chose 435 U.S. Representatives. Voters of the U.S. territories, commonwealths, and the District of Columbia chose their non-voting delegates.[a]"}
{"id": "doc968501", "text": "Harlaxton Manor, in England, was used as the exterior of Hill House. The billiard room scene was filmed in the Great Hall of the manor, while many of the interior sets were built inside the dome-shaped hangar that once housed The Spruce Goose, near the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary steamship, in Long Beach, California. The kitchen scenes were filmed at Belvoir Castle. Principal photography began on November 30 1998 and ended April 9 1999."}
{"id": "doc969155", "text": "The rhyme was first printed by James Hogg in Jacobite Reliques in 1820, as a Jacobite song about the Battle of Sheriffmuir (1715) which includes the words:"}
{"id": "doc969509", "text": "Rock Band 4 is the fourth main installment in the rhythm game series, Rock Band, developed by Harmonix. The game was released in October 2015, following a five-year hiatus from the release of Rock Band 3. Following the over-saturation of the rhythm game market in 2009, weak sales of Rock Band 3 led Harmonix to put the series on hiatus, though the company continued to provide downloadable content through 2013. The release of Rock Band 4 was prompted by several factors, including the market penetration of the eighth generation consoles PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, a stronger internal vision for what Rock Band 4 should be within Harmonix, and continued support from fans of the series."}
{"id": "doc970185", "text": "Unterberger praised the Beatles' version in his review, saying:"}
{"id": "doc971351", "text": "The Union had a 3-1 superiority in railroad mileage and (even more important) an overwhelming advantage in engineers and mechanics in the rolling mills, machine shops, factories, roundhouses and repair yards that produced and maintained rails, bridging equipage, locomotives, rolling stock, signaling gear, and telegraph equipment. In peacetime the South imported all its railroad gear from the North; the Union blockade completely cut off such imports. The lines in the South were mostly designed for short hauls, as from cotton areas to river or ocean ports; they were not designed for trips of more than 100 miles or so, and  such trips involved numerous changes of trains and layovers.[35] The South's 8,500 miles (13,700\u00a0km) of track comprised enough of a railroad system to handle essential military traffic along some internal lines, assuming it could be defended and maintained. As the system deteriorated because of worn out equipment, accidents and sabotage, the South was unable to construct or even repair new locomotives, cars, signals or track. Little new equipment ever arrived, although rails in remote areas such as Florida were removed and put to more efficient use in the war zones. Realizing their enemy's dilemma, Union cavalry raids routinely destroyed locomotives, cars, rails, roundhouses, trestles, bridges, and telegraph wires. By the end of the war, the southern railroad system was totally ruined. Meanwhile, the Union army rebuilt rail lines to supply its forces. A Union railroad through hostile territory, as from Nashville to Atlanta in 1864, was an essential but fragile lifeline\u2014it took a whole army to guard it, because each foot of track had to be secure. Large numbers of Union soldiers throughout the war were assigned to guard duty and, while always ready for action, seldom saw any fighting.[36]"}
{"id": "doc971641", "text": "In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates."}
{"id": "doc971992", "text": "Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart. Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and right to the left and right lungs respectively. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins."}
{"id": "doc973089", "text": "Beauty & the Beast was an American television series filmed in Toronto, Canada, very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS series of the same name, created by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin that premiered October 11, 2012, on The CW.[1] Kristin Kreuk and Jay Ryan star in the title roles alongside Austin Basis, Nina Lisandrello, Nicole Gale Anderson, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Max Brown, Brian J. White, Amber Skye Noyes, and Michael Roark."}
{"id": "doc973765", "text": "In February 2017, Momentum Pictures acquired the distribution rights to the film, later setting it for an October 13, 2017 release.[4]"}
{"id": "doc974518", "text": "The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838,[16] and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County.[17]"}
{"id": "doc974653", "text": "When the latitude difference is 1 degree, corresponding to \u00cf\u20ac/180 radians, the arc distance is about"}
{"id": "doc975622", "text": "Aurora (also known as Sleeping Beauty[1][2] or by her alias \"Briar Rose\"[3]) is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 16th animated feature film Sleeping Beauty (1959). Originally voiced by singer Mary Costa, Aurora is the only daughter of King Stefan and Queen Leah. As revenge for not being invited to Aurora's christening, an evil fairy named Maleficent curses the newborn princess, foretelling that she will die on her 16th birthday by pricking her finger on a spinning wheel's spindle. Determined to prevent this, three good fairies raise Aurora as a peasant in order to protect her, patiently awaiting her 16th birthday \u00e2\u20ac\u201c the day the spell is to be broken by a kiss from her true love, Prince Phillip."}
{"id": "doc975794", "text": "If a life tenant purports to transfer the underlying 'reversionary' interest, which a life tenant never has, this constitutes an actionable breach of trust for damages and may constitute criminal fraud however may not entitle the ultimate reversioner (or substituted beneficiaries) to be able to obtain a court declaration that the property is their own if that property is in the hands of an innocent purchaser for value without notice (bona fide purchaser)."}
{"id": "doc977122", "text": "Under the tail of the Spirit of St. Louis"}
{"id": "doc978510", "text": "Excerpts of the poem were also utilised by George Harrison in his song Ding Dong, Ding Dong (\"Ring out the old \u2013 Ring in the new. Ring out the false \u2013 Ring in the true\"). Harrison misattributed these passages to Sir Frank Crisp once they were all written and engraved on walls and other parts of Friar Park, the mansion bought by Harrison which once belonged to Sir Frank."}
{"id": "doc979054", "text": "The First Council of Constantinople (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 commonly known as Greek: \u0392\u0384 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \"Second Ecumenical\"; Latin: Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum or Latin: Concilium Constantinopolitanum A) was a council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople in AD 381 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I.[1][2] This second ecumenical council, an effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom,[3] confirmed the Nicene Creed, expanding the doctrine thereof to produce the Niceno\u2013Constantinopolitan Creed, and dealt with sundry other matters. It met from May to July 381 in the Church of Hagia Irene and was affirmed as ecumenical in 451 at the Council of Chalcedon."}
{"id": "doc979079", "text": "Baronius asserted that the third canon was not authentic, not in fact decreed by the council. Some medieval Greeks maintained that it did not declare supremacy of the Bishop of Rome, but the primacy; \"the first among equals\", similar to how they today view the Bishop of Constantinople. Throughout the next several centuries, the Western Church asserted that the Bishop of Rome had supreme authority, and by the time of the Great Schism the Roman Catholic Church based its claim to supremacy on the succession of St. Peter. When the First Council of Constantinople was approved, Rome protested the diminished honor to be afforded the bishops of Antioch and Alexandria.[citation needed] The status of these Eastern patriarchs would be brought up again by the Papal Legates at the Council of Chalcedon. Pope Leo the Great,[24] declared that this canon had never been submitted to Rome and that their lessened honor was a violation of the Nicene order. At the Fourth Council of Constantinople (869), the Roman legates[25] asserted the place of the bishop of Rome's honor over the bishop of Constantinople's. After the Great Schism of 1054, in 1215 the Fourth Lateran Council declared, in its fifth canon, that the Roman Church \"by the will of God holds over all others pre-eminence of ordinary power as the mother and mistress of all the faithful\".[26][27] Roman supremacy over the whole world was formally claimed by the new Latin patriarch. The Roman correctores of Gratian,[28] insert the words: \"canon hic ex iis est quos apostolica Romana sedes a principio et longo post tempore non recipit\" (\"this canon is one of those that the Apostolic See of Rome has not accepted from the beginning and ever since\")."}
{"id": "doc980032", "text": "This involves the alpha-decay of 147Sm to 143Nd with a half-life of 1.06 x 1011 years. Accuracy levels of within twenty million years in ages of two-and-a-half billion years are achievable.[23]"}
{"id": "doc980033", "text": "This involves electron capture or positron decay of potassium-40 to argon-40. Potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.3 billion years, and so this method is applicable to the oldest rocks. Radioactive potassium-40 is common in micas, feldspars, and hornblendes, though the closure temperature is fairly low in these materials, about 350\u00a0\u00b0C (mica) to 500\u00a0\u00b0C (hornblende)."}
{"id": "doc980993", "text": "Introduced in: \"Body Harvest\", although he may be heard on WCTR beforehand."}
{"id": "doc981651", "text": "The Gospel of Mark 6:3 and the Gospel of Matthew 13:55\u201356 state that James, Joses (or Joseph), Jude and Simon were the brothers of Jesus, the son of Mary. The same verses also mention unnamed sisters of Jesus. Mark 3:31\u201332 tells about \"Jesus' mother and brothers\" looking for Jesus. A verse in the Epistle to the Galatians 1:19 mentions seeing James, \"the Lord's brother\", and none other of the apostles except Peter, when Paul went to Jerusalem after his conversion. The \"brothers of the Lord\" are also mentioned, alongside (but separate from) Cephas and the apostles in 1 Corinthians 9:5, in which it is mentioned that they had wives. Some scholars claim that Jesus' relatives may have held positions of authority in the Jerusalem area until Trajan excluded Jews from the new city that he built on its ruins.[8]"}
{"id": "doc982473", "text": "The American M1 Abrams main battle tank is powered by a gas turbine of 1,500\u00a0hp (1,100\u00a0kW),[27] that it is able to function also with a mix at 50% of wood powder and biodiesel, diesel fuel or kerosene. Its advantages over turbo-diesel engine, are the small size and light weight, the lack of a radiator (which gives an advantage against the effect of gun and cannon shots and missile strikes suffered in battle). A setback is the high fuel consumption, since the turbine engine has not the ability to work at a low revolutions per minute rate, much lower than ideal, and during the march this engine consumes twice as much fuel as a modern turbo-diesel engine with intercooler and direct injection."}
{"id": "doc985384", "text": "Like Hero, Ptolemy in his Optics (preserved only in the form of a Latin translation of a gravely defective Arabic version) considered the visual rays as proceeding from the eye to the object seen, but, unlike Hero, considered that the visual rays were not discrete lines, but formed a continuous cone. Ptolemy extended the study of vision beyond direct and reflected vision; he also studied vision by refracted rays (dioptrics), when we see objects through the interface between two media of different density. He conducted experiments to measure the path of vision when we look from air to water, from air to glass, and from water to glass and tabulated the relationship between the incident and refracted rays.[7]"}
{"id": "doc986835", "text": "The First Presidency is the highest ranking priesthood quorum of the church. The counselors assist the church president and work closely with him in guiding the entire church and carrying out the duties of the president of the church. The First Presidency has the theoretical authority to make the final decision on nearly all issues that might affect the church or its operations, but in practice, the First Presidency has delegated much of its decision-making power to members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, the Seventy, the Presiding Bishopric, and local leaders of the church. Nevertheless, the First Presidency has retained its overarching decision-making power in a number of significant areas and may, at any time, choose to overrule the decisions of a lesser church quorum or authority."}
{"id": "doc986920", "text": "Michigan State began the 2013\u201314 season looking to continue Tom Izzo's Final Four streak: every player who had played four years for Izzo had made at least one Final Four. After beating No. 1 Kentucky in the Champions Classic, the Spartans moved to the No. 1 spot in the country.[148] The Spartans held the No. 1 spot for three weeks before losing to North Carolina in the ACC-Big Ten Challenge.[149] The Spartans cruised through the remaining non-conference schedule, finishing 11\u20131, to begin the Big Ten season ranked No. 5 in the country. The Spartans won their first seven conference games, but due to injuries to Keith Appling, Adriean Payne, and Brendan Dawson, MSU lost five of their last eight conference games to finish in a second-place tie with Wisconsin at 12\u20136. The Spartans, finally healthy and at full strength, beat Northwestern,[150] No. 12 Wisconsin,[151] and No. 8 Michigan to capture the Big Ten Tournament championship.[152] This marked Michigan State's fourth tournament championship. Michigan State earned a No. 4 seed in the NCAA Tournament's East Region. With wins against Delaware[153] and Harvard, they advanced to the Sweet Sixteen for the third straight year and the 12th time in 17 years.[154] They defeated No. 1-seeded Virginia in the Sweet Sixteen to advance to the Elite Eight for the first time since 2010.[155] There they fell to No. 7 seed and eventual National Champion, Connecticut. With the loss, the Tom Izzo's Final Four streak ended.[156] Shortly after the season, Gary Harris declared for the NBA Draft.[157]"}
{"id": "doc987544", "text": "(7) who is less than 16 years of age and the person is four or more years older than the complainant and the complainant and person are not married to each other."}
{"id": "doc988606", "text": "The English name Vienna is borrowed from the homonymous Italian version of the city's name or the French Vienne. The etymology of the city's name is still subject to scholarly dispute. Some claim that the name comes from Vedunia, meaning \"forest stream\", which subsequently produced the Old High German Uuenia (Wenia in modern writing), the New High German Wien and its dialectal variant Wean.[42]"}
{"id": "doc988607", "text": "Others believe that the name comes from the Roman settlement name of Celtic extraction Vindobona, probably meaning \"fair village, white settlement\" from Celtic roots, vindo-, meaning \"bright\" or \"fair\"\u00a0\u2013 as in the Irish fionn and the Welsh gwyn\u00a0\u2013, and -bona \"village, settlement\".[43] The Celtic word Vindos may reflect a widespread prehistorical cult of Vindos, a Celtic God. A variant of this Celtic name could be preserved in the Czech, Slovak and Polish names of the city (V\u00edde\u0148, Viede\u0148 and Wiede\u0144 respectively) and in that of the city's district Wieden.[44]"}
{"id": "doc988735", "text": "The film was shot on location in Los Angeles, New York City and Peru, Vermont. Filming took place between November 5, 1986 and February 3, 1987."}
{"id": "doc990426", "text": "The foramen ovale normally closes at birth. At birth, when the lungs become functional, the pulmonary vascular pressure decreases and the left atrial pressure exceeds that of the right. This forces the septum primum against the septum secundum, functionally closing the foramen ovale. In time the septa eventually fuse, leaving a remnant of the foramen ovale, the fossa ovalis."}
{"id": "doc990514", "text": "The Overseas Railroad linked Key West to the mainland in 1912; it was destroyed in the 1935 Labor Day hurricane. The Overseas Highway, and extension of U.S. Route 1 in Florida, was completed in 1938; it was built atop many of the footings of the railroad."}
{"id": "doc990522", "text": "Key West was relatively isolated until 1912, when it was connected to the Florida mainland via the Overseas Railway extension of Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway (FEC). Flagler created a landfill at Trumbo Point for his railyards. The Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 destroyed much of the railroad and killed hundreds of residents, including around 400 World War I veterans who were living in camps and working on federal road and mosquito-control projects in the Middle Keys. The FEC could not afford to restore the railroad."}
{"id": "doc993779", "text": "Wizard Island is a volcanic cinder cone which forms an island at the west end of Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The top of the island reaches 6,933 feet (2,113\u00a0m) above sea level, about 755 feet (230\u00a0m) above the average surface of the lake. The cone is capped by a volcanic crater about 500 feet (150\u00a0m) wide and 100 feet (30\u00a0m) deep. The crater was named the \"Witches Cauldron\" by William Gladstone Steel in 1885, who also gave Wizard Island its name at the same time.[5] The land area of the island is 315.85 acres (127.82\u00a0ha)."}
{"id": "doc993796", "text": "In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, BBC Worldwide so far released two volumes of DVDs, each containing ten episodes. The full 52 episodes have now been made available through iTunes."}
{"id": "doc994518", "text": "From 1521, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire incorporated the region into the Spanish Empire, with New Spain its colonial era name and Mexico City the center of colonial rule. It was built on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and became the capital of New Spain. During the colonial era, Mexico's long-established Mesoamerican civilizations mixed with European culture. Perhaps nothing better represents this hybrid background than Mexico's languages: the country is both the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world and home to the largest number of Native American language speakers in North America. For three centuries Mexico was part of the Spanish Empire, whose legacy is a country with a Spanish-speaking, Catholic and largely Western culture."}
{"id": "doc994525", "text": "The Mexican Revolution is the chaotic period between 1910 and 1920 when Mexicans fought to determine their future after the end of the D\u00edaz era. Although little had been done for the nation's poor, the sparking forces of the Mexican Revolution were elites outside D\u00edaz's inner circle, such as Francisco Madero, a member of one of the richest land-owning families in Mexico, plus liberal intellectuals, and industrial labor activists. The fraudulent election of 1910 keeping 80-year-old D\u00edaz in power brought opposition elements together, unleashing a 10-year civil war known as the Mexican Revolution (1910\u201320). The conflict was not a unified one, but took place mainly in Mexico's north with organized armies of movement under leaders such as Pancho Villa and Alvaro Obreg\u00f3n and in the center of Mexico, particularly the state of Morelos with guerrilla peasants fighting under the leadership of Emiliano Zapata. The war killed a tenth of the nation's population and drove many northern Mexicans across the U.S. border to escape the fighting. The Revolution ended the system of large landed estates, or haciendas, that had originated with the Spanish Conquest."}
{"id": "doc995340", "text": "In Bangladesh it is common to use the term je je, jar jar (\u09af\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7,\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09b0) 'his his, whose whose'."}
{"id": "doc996239", "text": "A 1998 study of photometric variations indicates that Proxima Centauri rotates once every 83.5 days.[56] A subsequent time series analysis of chromospheric indicators in 2002 suggests a longer rotation period of 7002116600000000000\u2660116.6\u00b10.7\u00a0days.[57] This was subsequently ruled out in favor of a rotation period of 7001826000000000000\u266082.6\u00b10.1\u00a0days.[14]"}
{"id": "doc996399", "text": "House of Representatives"}
{"id": "doc998011", "text": "If the court authorises the issuing of an emoluments-attachment order in terms of section 65J(1), the order must be issued in the form prescribed by the rules, and must contain sufficient information, including the identity number, work number or date of birth of the judgment debtor, to enable the garnishee to identify the judgment debtor."}
{"id": "doc998023", "text": "Section 65A(1) provides that, where a judgment debtor is a juristic person, either a director or an officer of the juristic person may be called upon as a representative of the juristic person, in his personal capacity, to appear before the court to show cause why he should not be ordered to pay the judgment debt in instalments."}
{"id": "doc998434", "text": "Playa del Carmen (Spanish pronunciation:\u00a0['pla\u029da \u00f0el 'karmen]) is a city located along the Caribbean Sea in the municipality of Solidaridad, in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is a popular tourist area in eastern Mexico. Playa del Carmen features a wide array of tourist activities due to its geographical location in the Riviera Maya. It has also been the destination of PGA Tour golf tournaments and the set location for various television shows. The town has become one of the fastest to grow in population size in Mexico."}
{"id": "doc999468", "text": "In the loosest sense of group ownership, a lack of legal framework, rules and regulations may mean that group ownership of property places every member in a position of responsibility (liability) for the actions of each other member. A structured group duly constituted as an entity under law may still not protect members from being personally liable for each other's actions. Court decisions against the entity itself may give rise to unlimited personal liability for each and every member. An example of this situation is a professional partnership (e.g. law practice) in some jurisdictions. Thus, being a partner or owner in a group may give little advantage in terms of share ownership while producing a lot of risk to the partner, owner or participant."}
{"id": "doc999787", "text": "In late 2012, Bretherton left Vexcon because of personal family issues and moved to Illinois; officially ending the show after six seasons."}
{"id": "doc1000202", "text": "Mesoamerica was a region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.[1][2] It is one of six areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently, and the second in the Americas along with Norte Chico (Caral-Supe) in present-day northern coastal Peru."}
{"id": "doc1001881", "text": "This Aztec victory is still remembered as \u201cLa Noche Triste,\u201d The Night of Sorrows. Popular tales say that Cort\u00e9s wept under a tree the night of the massacre of his troops at the hands of the Aztecs."}
{"id": "doc1002546", "text": "Once Upon a Time in Mexico (also known as Desperado 2) is a 2003 American contemporary western action film written, co-produced, edited, scored, and directed by Robert Rodriguez. It is the third and final film in Rodriguez's Mexico Trilogy, and is a sequel to El Mariachi and Desperado. The film features Antonio Banderas in his second and final performance as El Mariachi. In the film, El Mariachi is recruited by CIA agent Sheldon Sands (Johnny Depp) to kill Armando Barillo (Willem Dafoe), a Mexican drug lord who is planning a coup d'\u00e9tat against the President of Mexico. At the same time, El Mariachi seeks revenge against a corrupt general responsible for the death of his wife, Carolina (Salma Hayek)."}
{"id": "doc1002584", "text": "In January 2016, 52 episodes of the anime appeared on Netflix, initially under its original title Detective Conan before changing to its English moniker Case Closed. The episodes are listed as \"season one\", although in reality they are episodes #748 to #799. The episodes are only available in Japanese, but are subtitled. The availability is likely part of Netflix's efforts to expand its anime catalog.[69]"}
{"id": "doc1005393", "text": "With the majority of the script set on an island in the Caribbean, the filmmakers decided to shoot in The Bahamas, Basing their production out of the Atlantis resort in Nassau, cast and crew flew in from Los Angeles, Miami and New York City to commence filming."}
{"id": "doc1005942", "text": "The degree to which the President of the United States's political party has control over the House of Representatives and Senate often determines his political strength - such as the ability to pass sponsored legislation, ratify treaties, and have Cabinet members and judges approved."}
{"id": "doc1006037", "text": "Modern time separates each position by a colon or point. For example, the time might be 10:25:59 (10 hours 25 minutes 59 seconds). Angles use similar notation. For example, an angle might be 10\u00b025'59\" (10 degrees 25 minutes 59 seconds). In both cases, only minutes and seconds use sexagesimal notation\u2014angular degrees can be larger than 59 (one rotation around a circle is 360\u00b0, two rotations are 720\u00b0, etc.), and both time and angles use decimal fractions of a second. This contrasts with the numbers used by Hellenistic and Renaissance astronomers, who used thirds, fourths, etc. for finer increments. Where we might write 10\u00b025'59.392\", they would have written 10\u00b025\u203259\u203323\u203431\u205712''''' or 10\u00b025I59II23III31IV12V."}
{"id": "doc1006143", "text": "Filming locations include Coconino National Forest, Kaibab National Forest, Wupatki National Monument and Sedona, Arizona.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1006755", "text": "The film was shot during eleven weeks with five weeks taking place in Ventura, California.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1007189", "text": "In the 114th Congress, Democrats hold six seats and Republicans hold six seats, representing New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives. The 115th Congress saw Democrats holding seven seats and Republicans holding five, with seven-term Republican incumbent Scott Garrett of the 5th District replaced by Democrat Josh Gottheimer."}
{"id": "doc1007190", "text": "List of members of the New Jersey United States House delegation, their terms, their district boundaries, and the districts' political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 12 members, including 7 Democrats, and 5 Republicans."}
{"id": "doc1007260", "text": "The existence of an ecclesiastical hierarchy is emphasized by St. Stephan I, 251, in a letter to the bishop of Antioch: \"Therefore did not that famous defender of the Gospel [Novatian] know that there ought to be one bishop in the Catholic Church [of the city of Rome]? It did not lie hidden from him...\" (Denziger \u0e22\u0e0745)."}
{"id": "doc1008940", "text": "The movie adaptation was filmed mostly in the Leewood Estates neighborhood of Eastchester, New York in the spring and summer of 1981. Many scenes were filmed at the town's high school, as well as Rutgers University."}
{"id": "doc1010216", "text": "The receptive field tends to favor movement (such as a light or dark spot moving over the field, as in center-to-periphery (or vice versa)), as well as contours (due to their nonuniformity in the receptive fields). The center of the visual field has as much diameter as its dendrite spread, so the periphery is founded by amacrine cells connecting a wide area of bipolars to the ganglion.  These amacrine cells can also inhibit signals of the periphery from being transmitted to the ganglion, thus rendering it on-center, off-periphery.  In the rabbit, one direction, the \"preferred,\" of a moving patch of light will excite a ganglion cell, whereas the opposite (\"null\") direction will not, also inhibiting spontaneous activity.  Thus, there may be a linear nature of photoreceptors, one inhibiting its following neighbor when moving in the null direction, but arriving too late at the adjacent cell when traveling in the preferred direction.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1010218", "text": "Receptive fields of cells in the visual cortex are larger and have more-complex stimulus requirements than retinal ganglion cells or lateral geniculate nucleus cells. Hubel and Wiesel (e.g., Hubel, 1963; Hubel-Wiesel 1959) classified receptive fields of cells in the visual cortex into simple cells, complex cells, and hypercomplex cells. Simple cell receptive fields are elongated, for example with an excitatory central oval, and an inhibitory surrounding region, or approximately rectangular, with one long side being excitatory and the other being inhibitory. Images for these receptive fields need to have a particular orientation in order to excite the cell. For complex-cell receptive fields, a correctly oriented bar of light might need to move in a particular direction in order to excite the cell. For hypercomplex receptive fields, the bar might also need to be of a particular length."}
{"id": "doc1011075", "text": "Batman '66 features a version of Killer Croc in the reality of the 1966 television series. This version of Waylon Jones was a henchman of King Tut and drank an elixir that transformed him into the reptilian monster Killer Croc. He uses his newfound strength to commit various crimes in Gotham. Batman and Robin interrogate his girlfriend Eva and find out she's in on his plan to become Gotham's biggest crime lord. They chase him down into the sewer where they defeat Croc and hand him over to the police.[19]"}
{"id": "doc1012137", "text": "In early episodes the team used Colt AR-15 SP1 semi-automatic rifles (with automatic sound effects, simulating the M16), while in later seasons they used the Ruger Mini-14, and on rare occasions, the selective fire AC-556K variant of the Mini-14. Hannibal is also seen using an M60 machine gun (which Hannibal called \"Baby\") in some episodes as well as a Micro-Uzi. MAC-11s with parts added to simulate the Uzi appear in at least two early episodes. Hannibal's sidearms are either a nickel-plated Smith & Wesson Model 59, or a stainless steel Smith & Wesson Model 639. Unusually in the episode \"Black Day At Bad Rock\" he is seen carrying a Browning Hi-Power. Many antagonists and members of the team are seen using 1911s as well. Starting from Season 4, the then-exotic Steyr AUG bullpup rifle also became prominent in the series. \"So many different firearms were used in the 1980s hit 'The A-Team' that it\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s impossible to list them all. For five seasons, the wrongly accused foursome used rifles, handguns, submachine guns and shotguns to bring justice for the little guy while trying to stay out of jail. And the best part had to be that regardless of the number of explosions or rounds fired, nobody ever got seriously hurt except for the occasional flesh wound of a team member.\"[42] As a result, the American Rifleman declared The A-Team the Number One Show on Television to regularly feature firearms.[42]"}
{"id": "doc1013992", "text": "The boom in Cuba's sugar industry in the 19th century made it necessary for the country to improve its transportation infrastructure. Planters needed safe and efficient ways to transport the sugar from the plantations to the ports, in order to maximize their returns. Many new roads were built, and old roads were quickly repaired. Railroads were built relatively early, easing the collection and transportation of perishable sugar cane. It was now possible for plantations all over this large island to have their sugar shipped quickly and easily."}
{"id": "doc1014848", "text": "\"The More We Get Together\" is a traditional British folk song and popular children's song. Like \"Did You Ever See a Lassie?\", its tune was taken from a 1679 Viennese tune by Marx Augustin, \"Oh du lieber Augustin\"."}
{"id": "doc1014857", "text": "In Eastern Orthodox tradition, the woman's name at the time of her meeting Jesus is unknown, though she was later christened \"Photini\". She is celebrated as a saint of renown. As further recounted in John 4:28-30 and John 4:39-42, she was quick to spread the news of her meeting with Jesus, and through this many came to believe in him. Her continuing witness is said to have brought so many to the Christian faith that she is described as \"equal to the apostles\". Eventually, having drawn the attention of Emperor Nero, she was brought before him to answer for her faith, suffering many tortures and dying a martyr after being thrown down a dry well. She is remembered on the Sunday four weeks after Pascha, which is known as \"the Sunday of the Samaritan Woman\"."}
{"id": "doc1014858", "text": "In Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, a celebration of the Samaritan woman takes place on the fourth Friday of Lent. The custom of the day involves churches, schools, and businesses giving away fruit drinks to passers-by.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1014955", "text": "Contrasted with that is nemesis, the divine punishment that determines the fall or death of the character."}
{"id": "doc1016286", "text": "In addition, miscellaneous pronunciation differences exist when compared with other varieties of English in relation to seemingly random words. For example, as with American English, the vowel in yoghurt is pronounced as /\u0259\u0289/ (\"long 'O'\") rather than /\u0254/ (\"short o\"); vitamin, migraine and privacy are pronounced with /\u0251e/ (as in mine) rather than /\u026a/, /i\u02d0/ and /\u026a/ respectively; paedophile is pronounced with /e/ (as in red) rather than /i\u02d0/; and urinal is pronounced with schwa /\u0259/ rather than /\u0251e/ (\"long i\"). As with British English, advertisement is pronounced with /\u026a/; tomato and vase are pronounced with /\u0250\u02d0/ (as in father) instead of /\u00e6\u026a/; zebra is pronounced with /e/ (as in red) rather than /i\u02d0/; and buoy is pronounced as /bo\u026a/ (as in boy) rather than /\u02c8b\u0289\u02d0i\u02d0/. Two examples of miscellaneous pronunciations which contrast with both standard American and British usages are data, which is pronounced with /\u0250\u02d0/ (\"dah\") as opposed to /\u00e6\u026a/ (\"day\"); and maroon, pronounced with /\u0259\u0289/ (\"own\") as opposed to /\u0289\u02d0/ (\"oon\")."}
{"id": "doc1017147", "text": "Writing in dissent, Justice Harlan argued that the statements cited by Justice Black had uniformly been in the context of the Great Compromise. Justice Harlan further argued that the Convention debates were clear to the effect that Article I, \u0e22\u0e07 4, had vested exclusive control over state districting practices in Congress and that the Court action overrode a congressional decision not to require equally populated districts.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1018572", "text": "The Jackson 5 was one of the first groups of black American performers to attain a crossover following, preceded by the Supremes, the Four Tops and the Temptations. They were also the first group to debut with four consecutive number one hits on the Hot 100 with the songs \"I Want You Back\", \"ABC\", \"The Love You Save\", and \"I'll Be There\".[2] Scoring 16 top forty singles on the Hot 100, after continuing with further hits such as \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" and \"Dancing Machine\", most of the group with the exception of Jermaine, left Motown for Epic Records in 1975. At that time, with brother Randy taking Jermaine's place, they released five albums between 1976 and 1981, including the hit albums, Destiny (1978) and Triumph (1980), and the hit singles, \"Enjoy Yourself\", \"Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)\" and \"Can You Feel It\". In 1983, Jermaine reunited with the band to perform on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever and subsequently released the Victory album the following year. After the end of their tour to promote the album, Michael and Marlon Jackson promptly left the group. The remaining four released the poorly received 2300 Jackson Street album in 1989 before being dropped from their label. They have sold approximately 75 million records worldwide.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1018577", "text": "Starting in August, the Jackson Five performed as the opening act for the Supremes, whose lead singer Diana Ross was planning to leave for a solo career at the end of the year. After performing at the Daisy in Los Angeles and at the Miss Black America Pageant in New York, the group recorded their first single, \"I Want You Back\", written by a newly assembled Motown team called the Corporation, which consisted of three composers and songwriters Freddie Perren, Deke Richards and Alphonzo Mizell with Gordy as a fourth partner. In October, their first single for Motown was released and the group promoted it while performing at the Hollywood Palace with Ross hosting. In December, the brothers made their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show. Afterwards, their debut album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, was released that same month."}
{"id": "doc1018578", "text": "In January 1970, \"I Want You Back\" topped the Billboard Hot 100. Led by the Corporation, the Jackson 5 released two more number-one singles, \"ABC\" and \"The Love You Save\". A fourth single, \"I'll Be There\", co-written and produced by Hal Davis, became the band's fourth number-one single, making them the first recording act to have their first four singles reach the top of the Hot 100. All four singles were almost as popular in other countries as they were in the United States. Releasing a succession of four albums in one year, the Jackson 5 replaced the Supremes as Motown's best-selling group. They continued their success with singles such as \"Mama's Pearl\", \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" and \"Sugar Daddy\", giving them a total of seven top ten singles within a two-year period."}
{"id": "doc1019583", "text": "Silva is a surname in Portuguese-speaking countries, such as Portugal[1][2][3] and Brazil.[4][5] Its meaning is derived from the Latin word silva meaning 'forest' or 'woodland'."}
{"id": "doc1019772", "text": "Though Spencer made some valuable contributions to early sociology, not least in his influence on structural functionalism, his attempt to introduce Lamarckian or Darwinian ideas into the realm of sociology was unsuccessful. It was considered by many, furthermore, to be actively dangerous. Hermeneuticians of the period, such as Wilhelm Dilthey, would pioneer the distinction between the natural sciences (Naturwissenschaften) and human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften). In the United States, the sociologist Lester Frank Ward, who would be elected as the first president of the American Sociological Association, launched a relentless attack on Spencer's theories of laissez-faire and political ethics. Although Ward admired much of Spencer's work he believed that Spencer's prior political biases had distorted his thought and had led him astray.[19] In the 1890s, \u00c9mile Durkheim established formal academic sociology with a firm emphasis on practical social research.  By the turn of the 20th century the first generation of German sociologists, most notably Max Weber, had presented methodological antipositivism. However, it should be noted that Spencer's theories of laissez-faire, survival-of-the-fittest and minimal human interference in the processes of natural law had an enduring and even increasing appeal in the social science fields of economics and political science, and one writer has recently made the case for Spencer's importance for a sociology that must learn to take energy in society seriously.[20]"}
{"id": "doc1019814", "text": "The House of Representatives is headed by the Speaker, currently Gloria Macapagal Arroyo of Pampanga. The official headquarters of the House of Representatives is at the Batasang Pambansa (literally, national legislature) located in the Batasan Hills in Quezon City in Metro Manila. The building is often simply called Batasan and the word has also become a metonym to refer to the House of Representatives."}
{"id": "doc1020266", "text": "In Monty Python's Life of Brian, the first line is quoted by Michael Palin as Pontius Pilate.[3] In Carry On Cleo (1964), the line is begun several times by Julius Caesar, played by actor Kenneth Williams."}
{"id": "doc1020899", "text": "The axe was psychologically intimidating to the people of Christian territories the Vikings sacked. King Magnus of Norway inherited his axe from his patron saint father, Olav Haraldsson. He named this axe Hel, the name of the Norse goddess of death. Christians associated this name with the word Hell. The axe of Magnus is still portrayed in the Norwegian coat of arms.[31]"}
{"id": "doc1021503", "text": "The military academy scenes, portrayed as being in Colorado, were filmed at Pomona College in Claremont, California in 1986.[4] The Kirkeby mansion at 750 Bel Air Road, Los Angeles (also the home of the Clampett family on the CBS comedy The Beverly Hillbillies) was used to portray the Cutler estate.[5] Parts of the film were also shot in Monument Valley, Utah.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1021710", "text": "In 1899, the United States Army and Navy placed orders with Smith & Wesson for two to three thousand Model 1899 Hand Ejector revolvers chambered for the M1892 .38 Long Colt U.S. Service Cartridge. With this order, the Hand Ejector Model became known as the .38 Military and Police model.[3] That same year, in response to reports from military sources serving in the Philippines on the relative ineffectiveness of the new cartridge, Smith & Wesson began offering the Military & Police in a new chambering, .38 S&W Special (a.k.a. .38 Special), a slightly elongated version of the .38 Long Colt cartridge with greater bullet weight (158 grains) and powder charge increased from 18 to 21 grains of gunpowder.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1021718", "text": "After World War II, Smith & Wesson returned to manufacturing the M&P series. Along with cosmetic changes and replacement of the frame fitting grip with the Magna stocks, the spring-loaded hammer block safety gave way to a cam-actuated hammer block that rode in a channel in the side plate (Smith 1968). In 1957, Smith & Wesson adopted the convention of using numeric designations to distinguish their various models of handguns, and the M&P was renamed the Model 10.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1026132", "text": "English also has some multipliers and distributive numbers, such as singly."}
{"id": "doc1026141", "text": "Any ordinal name that doesn't end in \"first\", \"second\", or \"third\", ends in \"th\"."}
{"id": "doc1026259", "text": "The finals were watched by 43 million people, with a peak concurrent viewership of 14.7 million viewers, breaking 2015's finals' viewer records."}
{"id": "doc1026678", "text": "\"So the agent called and they said, 'Well, this is what you got to do.' And I'm like, 'Okay.' And he sent me the script and they phoned back and said, 'Oh, bring Ellie along.' And I was like, 'No, no, no. Don't bring Ellie along. I'm not just going to bring her to audition.' And they said, 'Okay.' [I] put the phone down, [they] ring back up and said, 'Okay, they'll see Ellie.' So we both went along to audition. They sent Ellie a script. They weren't auditioning girls until, I believe the week after.\"[79]"}
{"id": "doc1027625", "text": "Example implementation of binary search in C:"}
{"id": "doc1027652", "text": "Note the use of short-circuit evaluation of the Boolean && (AND) operators, so that the recursive call is only made if the node is valid (non-Null). Note that while the first term in the AND is a pointer to a node, the second term is a bool, so the overall expression evaluates to a bool. This is a common idiom in recursive short-circuiting. This is in addition to the short-circuit evaluation of the Boolean || (OR) operator, to only check the right child if the left child fails. In fact, the entire control flow of these functions can be replaced with a single Boolean expression in a return statement, but legibility suffers at no benefit to efficiency."}
{"id": "doc1027724", "text": "Hathaway portrayed princesses and appeared in family-oriented films over the next three years, subsequently becoming known in mainstream media as a children's role model.[32] After voicing Haru Yoshioka for the English version of The Cat Returns (2002),[33] she starred in Douglas McGrath's comedy-drama Nicholas Nickleby (2002), which opened to positive reviews. The Deseret News said that the cast was \"terrific\".[34] The film did not enter wide release and failed at the North American box office, totaling less than $4\u00c2\u00a0million in ticket sales.[35] The fantasy romantic comedy film Ella Enchanted (2004), in which Hathaway played the titular character, also performed poorly at the box-office.[36] She first read the book the film is based on when she was 16, and stated that the script was originally much closer to the book, but did not work as a film, and therefore prefers the film the way it became.[19] The film opened to mostly mixed reviews.[37] Hathaway sang three songs on the film's soundtrack, including a duet with singer Jesse McCartney.[38]"}
{"id": "doc1029479", "text": "Season three, in the Flashpoint timeline Joe is an alcoholic who is not fully committed to his job and is estranged from his children. He is unaware that Wally is the Flash. In the reset timeline, Joe and Iris are not speaking because Joe never told her that her mother was alive; however, they reconcile after Barry reveals the timeline changes. Joe fears for Wally's life after discovering Wally has dreams of being Kid Flash. After Wally becomes a speedster, however, Joe eventually accepts his son's destiny. He begins to move on from his widowhood by dating district attorney Cecile Horton. In an alternate 2024, Joe grieves over Iris' death and Wally's paralysis and catatonia."}
{"id": "doc1029757", "text": "Filming took place in Cambodia where an explosion was shot in Phnom Penh with 300 children as extras.[10] Scenes were shot in San Diego at Blue Foot Bar and in a house in the North Park area.[11] Other locations included Mexico, Puerto Rico,[11] Ukraine, Florida,[11] and at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1030288", "text": "On the November 5, 2000 general election, voters approved a citizens initiative referendum to amend the Florida Constitution to require the construction of a Florida high-speed corridor statewide rail system connecting all of the state's major cities. The rail system would likely run alongside the state's interstate system, and would likely be similar to those found in Japan and other locales."}
{"id": "doc1030289", "text": "However, in 2004, the amendment was removed from the constitution via another ballot referendum. Governor Jeb Bush and some other legislators pushed for the inclusion of the ballot item to remove the amendment, claiming the rail network would be too costly to build. Jeb Bush, however, claimed that he was not opposed to the eventual construction of such a system, but that it should be managed by the Florida Department of Transportation. Proponents dispute the claim that the cost would be too high and say the presented cost estimates were highly exaggerated.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1030462", "text": "By around 750 BC, the Kushites (Nubians) were growing their influence over Thebes and Upper Egypt. Kush, the former colony of Egypt became an empire in itself. In 721 BC, King Shabaka of the Kushites defeated the combined forces of Osorkon IV (22nd Dynasty), Peftjauawybast (23rd Dynasty) Bakenranef (24th Dynasty) and reunified Egypt yet again. His reign saw a significant amount of building work undertaken throughout Egypt, especially at the city of Thebes, which he made the capital of his kingdom. In Karnak he erected a pink granite statue of himself wearing the Pschent (the double crown of Egypt). Taharqa accomplished many notable projects at Thebes (i.e. the Kiosk in Karnak) and Nubia before the Assyrians started to wage war against Egypt."}
{"id": "doc1031886", "text": "A pull cord ran down the hollow handle from the detonator within the explosive head, terminating in a porcelain ball held in place by a detachable base closing cap. To use the grenade, the base cap was unscrewed, permitting the ball and cord to fall out. Pulling the cord dragged a roughened steel rod through the igniter, causing it to spark and start the five-second fuse burning. This simple design (popularly known as the \"potato masher\") continued to evolve throughout the First and Second World Wars, with the Model 24 grenade becoming one of the most easily recognized of all German small arms."}
{"id": "doc1032688", "text": "The following family tree of Henry VIII's six wives is the closest lineage of him."}
{"id": "doc1032830", "text": "The original lyrics, including the commonly excised introductory verse, are in the Georgia Code under license.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc1033272", "text": "In the third Quell (year 75), portrayed in Catching Fire, the rule change requires the tributes to be chosen from the surviving victors, as a reminder that not even the strongest can hope to defy the Capitol. At this time, 59 victors are still alive, including the only living female victor from District 12, Katniss Everdeen. In the book, Katniss suspects President Snow actually made up the rule for this Quell, which conveniently serves the purpose of his vendetta against her. In the film, it is implied that Snow makes the rule under counsel of his new Head Gamemaker Plutarch Heavensbee, in order to exterminate the living victors. This Quell has no winner, and is the last Hunger Game. Katniss destroys the force field surrounding the arena, and becomes one of six survivors. Heavensbee is revealed as the leader of an underground Capitol rebel group, working for Alma Coin, who presides over District 13 and uses the collapse of the Quell to launch a second civil war."}
{"id": "doc1033766", "text": "In 1789, the House of Representatives met, for the first time, in New York. They then moved to Philadelphia in 1790, and in 1800, the House of Representatives met in Washington DC, and would meet there for decades to come. From then hence forth, many laws and acts were implemented such as the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1803 to the abolish of slavery in 1865. After the ratification of the US Constitution, the amount of representatives for every state now depends on the population of the state. This results in fair and efficient voting and passing of laws.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1034008", "text": "Left 6th aortic arch: pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus"}
{"id": "doc1035806", "text": "The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated wavelengths, make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances."}
{"id": "doc1036602", "text": "The earliest assertion of the theories of nullification and interposition is found in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798, which were a protest against the Alien and Sedition Acts. In these resolutions, authors Thomas Jefferson and James Madison argued that \"the states\" have the right to interpret the Constitution and can declare federal laws unconstitutional when the federal government exceeds its delegated powers. These resolutions are considered the foundational documents of the theories of nullification and interposition."}
{"id": "doc1036650", "text": "Several prominent real-life Baltimore figures, including former Maryland Governor Robert L. Ehrlich Jr.; Rev. Frank M. Reid III; former police chief, convicted felon, and radio personality Ed Norris; Virginia Delegate Rob Bell; Baltimore Sun reporter and editor David Ettlin; Howard County Executive Ken Ulman; and former mayor Kurt Schmoke have appeared in minor roles despite not being professional actors.[9][10] \"Little Melvin\" Williams, a Baltimore drug lord arrested in the 1980s by an investigation that Burns had been part of, had a recurring role as a deacon beginning in the third season. Jay Landsman, a longtime police officer who inspired the character of the same name,[11] played Lieutenant Dennis Mello.[12] Baltimore police commander Gary D'Addario served as the series technical advisor for the first two seasons[13][14] and has a recurring role as prosecutor Gary DiPasquale.[15] Simon shadowed D'Addario's shift when researching his book Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets and both D'Addario and Landsman are subjects of the book.[16]"}
{"id": "doc1036707", "text": "Proposition Joe tries to engineer conflict between Omar Little and Marlo to convince Marlo to join the co-op. Omar robs Marlo who, in turn, frames Omar for a murder and organises attempts to have him murdered in jail but Omar manages to beat the charge with the help of Bunk. Omar is told that Marlo set him up, so takes revenge on him by robbing the entire shipment of the co-op. Marlo is furious with Joe for allowing the shipment to be stolen. Marlo demands satisfaction, and as a result, Joe sets up a meeting between him and Spiros Vondas, who assuages Marlo's concerns. Having gotten a lead on Joe's connection to the Greeks, Marlo begins investigating them to learn more about their role in bringing narcotics into Baltimore."}
{"id": "doc1038212", "text": "Pakistan's founder is Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who is hailed as Quaid-e-Azam or \"Great Leader\" and Baba-e-Qaum or Father of Nation. Other prominent founders include the poet Allama Iqbal or spiritual Father, believed to be the first person to propagate the idea of a state for India's Muslims, Fatima Jinnah (Mother of nation) and members of Pakistan's first Cabinet such as Liaquat Ali Khan - Shaheed-e-Millat, Abdul Rab Nishtar, Malik Feroze Khan Noon, Khwaja Nazimuddin and I. I. Chundrigar. Some historians credit the Muslim reformist Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as a founder of Pakistan"}
{"id": "doc1038435", "text": "If it ever matters to you whether something he said is real or fictional, it's crucial to check it out with a more reliable source.[21]"}
{"id": "doc1040316", "text": "He guest-starred in 1960 in several other westerns, including Pony Express, The Man from Blackhawk, and Tombstone Territory. He guest-starred in the episode \"Trail of the Dead\", the story of five missing western prospectors, of Rod Cameron's modern western syndicated series State Trooper. He appeared with Sammy Jackson in the episode \"Resurrection\" of the syndicated American Civil War drama, The Gray Ghost. He  was cast as Big Red in the 1959 episode \"Woman in the River\" of the ABC/Warner Bros. detective series Bourbon Street Beat, starring Andrew Duggan and Richard Long. He made several appearances as Briscoe Darling Jr. on The Andy Griffith Show."}
{"id": "doc1040948", "text": "Some of the symbolism within the coronation ceremony for British monarchs, in which they are anointed with holy oils by the Archbishop of Canterbury, thereby ordaining them to monarchy, perpetuates the ancient Roman Catholic monarchical ideas and ceremonial (although few Protestants realize this, the ceremony is nearly entirely based upon that of the Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor).[citation needed] However, in the UK, the symbolism ends there, since the real governing authority of the monarch was all but extinguished by the Whig revolution of 1688\u00e2\u20ac\u201c89 (see Glorious Revolution). The king or queen of the United Kingdom is one of the last monarchs still to be crowned in the traditional Christian ceremonial, which in most other countries has been replaced by an inauguration or other declaration.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1041089", "text": "Current Big Ten Conference basketball programs have combined to win 11 NCAA men's basketball championships. Indiana has won five, Michigan State has won two, while Maryland, Michigan, Wisconsin have won one national championship each. 11 of the 14 current conference members have advanced to the Final Four at least once in its history. Nine Big Ten schools (Indiana, Michigan State, Illinois, Purdue, Ohio State, Maryland, Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin) are among the national top-50 in all-time NCAA tournament appearances."}
{"id": "doc1041131", "text": "He used the term again on 7 July 1970, and the media began also to use it, for example in The Economist on 15 August 1970, and Newsweek on 19 March 1973."}
{"id": "doc1041502", "text": "Unlike most common law jurisdictions the personality rights in civil law are generally inheritable, thus one can make a claim against someone who invades the privacy of a deceased relative if the memory of their character is besmirched by such publication."}
{"id": "doc1042554", "text": "Pakistan Muslim League/IJI/Pakistan Muslim League (N)"}
{"id": "doc1043414", "text": "Languages that treat accented letters as variants of the underlying letter usually alphabetize words with such symbols immediately after similar unmarked words. For instance, in German where two words differ only by an umlaut, the word without it is sorted first in German dictionaries (e.g. schon and then sch\u00f6n, or fallen and then f\u00e4llen). However, when names are concerned (e.g. in phone books or in author catalogues in libraries), umlauts are often treated as combinations of the vowel with a suffixed e; Austrian phone books now treat characters with umlauts as separate letters (immediately following the underlying vowel)."}
{"id": "doc1043479", "text": "During World War II, some U.S. aircrew (primarily Navy and Marine Corps) were issued .38 Special S&W Victory revolvers as sidearms in the event of a forced landing. In May 1943, a new .38 Special cartridge with a 158 grains (10.2\u00a0g), full-steel-jacketed, copper flash-coated bullet meeting the requirements of the rules of land warfare was developed at Springfield Armory and adopted for the Smith & Wesson revolvers.[17] The new military .38 Special loading propelled its 158 grains (10.2\u00a0g) bullet at a standard 850\u00a0ft/s (260\u00a0m/s) from a 4-inch (100\u00a0mm) revolver barrel.[17]  During the war, many U.S. naval and marine aircrew were also issued red-tipped .38 Special tracer rounds using either a 120 or 158\u00a0gr (7.8 or 10.2\u00a0g) bullet for emergency signaling purposes.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1043480", "text": "In 1956, the U.S. Air Force adopted the Cartridge, Caliber .38, Ball M41, a military variant of the .38 Special cartridge designed to conform to the rules of land warfare.  The original .38 M41 ball cartridge used a 130-grain full-metal-jacketed bullet, and was loaded to an average pressure of only 13,000 pounds per square inch (90\u00a0MPa), giving a muzzle velocity of approximately 725\u00a0ft/s (221\u00a0m/s) from a 4-inch (100\u00a0mm) barrel.[18][19] This ammunition was intended to prolong the life of S&W M12 and Colt Aircrewman revolvers equipped with aluminum cylinders and frames, which were prone to stress fractures when fired with standard .38 ammunition.  By 1961, a slightly revised M41 .38 cartridge specification known as the Cartridge, Caliber .38 Ball, Special, M41 had been adopted for U.S. armed forces using .38 Special caliber handguns.[19]  The new M41 Special cartridge used a 130-grain FMJ bullet loaded to a maximum allowable pressure of 16,000\u00a0psi (110,000\u00a0kPa) for a velocity of approximately 950\u00a0ft/s (290\u00a0m/s) in a solid 6-inch (150\u00a0mm) test barrel, and about 750\u00a0ft/s (230\u00a0m/s) from a 4-inch (100\u00a0mm) revolver barrel.[20][21]  The M41 ball cartridge was first used in .38 revolvers carried by USAF aircrew and Strategic Air Command security police, and by 1961 was in use by the U.S. Army for security police, dog handlers, and other personnel equipped with .38 Special caliber revolvers.[21]  A variant of the standard M41 cartridge with a semi-pointed, unjacketed lead bullet was later adopted for CONUS (Continental United States) police and security personnel.[19]\nAt the same time, .38 tracer cartridges were reintroduced by the US Navy, Marines, and Air Force to provide a means of emergency signaling by downed aircrew.  Tracer cartridges in .38 Special caliber of different colors were issued, generally as part of a standard aircrew survival vest kit."}
{"id": "doc1044670", "text": "The wolverine's questionable reputation as an insatiable glutton (reflected in the Latin genus name Gulo) may be in part due to a false etymology. The less common name for the animal in Norwegian, fjellfross, meaning \"mountain cat\", is thought to have worked its way into German as Vielfra\u00c3\u0178,[66] which means \"glutton\" (literally \"devours much\"). Its name in other West Germanic languages is similar (e.g. Dutch: veelvraat)."}
{"id": "doc1045032", "text": "Animal Crossing: City Folk (\u8857\u3078\u884c\u3053\u3046\u3088 \u3069\u3046\u3076\u3064\u306e\u68ee, lit. Let's Go to the City: Animal Forest; known in Europe and Oceania as Animal Crossing: Let's Go to the City) was released for the Wii in North America on November 16, 2008, Japan on November 20, 2008, Australia on December 4, 2008, and Europe on December 5, 2008.[17] It was later released in South Korea in 2010.[18] It was the first Wii game to utilize the Wii Speak, an accessory that allows players to talk to each other during online play."}
{"id": "doc1045588", "text": "The Second Council of Constantinople is the fifth of the first seven ecumenical councils recognized by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. It is also recognized by the Old Catholics and others. Protestant opinions and recognition of it are varied. Some Protestants, such as Calvinists and Lutherans, recognise the first four councils,[2] whereas most High Church Anglicans accept all seven. Constantinople II was convoked by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I under the presidency of Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople. It was held from 5 May to 2 June 553. Participants were overwhelmingly Eastern bishops\u00a0\u2013  only sixteen Western bishops were present, including nine from Illyricum and seven from Africa, but none from Italy\u00a0\u2013  out of the 152 total.[1][3]"}
{"id": "doc1046884", "text": "Art director Robert Stromberg, who worked on Avatar and Alice in Wonderland, drew inspiration from the films of Frank Capra and James Wong Howe to achieve the Art Deco design he envisioned for the Emerald City. Stromberg contrasted the colorful tonal qualities of Oz with the restrained appearance of Alice, affirming that although both films explore similar fantasy worlds, the overall atmosphere and landscape of each \"are completely different.\"[40] In 2011, Stromberg and his team visited the Walt Disney archives during the pre-production phase to reference production art from Disney's animated films such as Pinocchio, Bambi, Fantasia, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Alice in Wonderland, and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, drawing from designs and textures, in order to give certain settings in the film an affectionate nod to the classic Disney style.[41] Costume designer Gary Jones focused on authenticity with his wardrobe designs: \"We started by doing a lot of research and having ideas of the ways (costumes) should look in order to be (historically accurate) but as we went on, we really began creating a whole new world.\"[42]"}
{"id": "doc1047493", "text": "The story was repeated on BBC Four over the Christmas period 2015, with the four episodes shown over two nights, attracting viewing figures of 0.14m, 0.18m, 0.06m and 0.09m respectively.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1048266", "text": "Becker is one of the German-language surnames, along with B\u00e4cker and Baecker, that derive from the [ba\u02d0k]~[b\u025bk] root, which refers to baking. The surname began as a name for a baker (and thus his family). In northern Germany it can also derive from the word Beck for Bach (\u2033creek\u2033 or \u2033brook\u2033) to denote origin. Notable people with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc1049873", "text": "A much more efficient method is the Euclidean algorithm, which uses a division algorithm such as long division in combination with the observation that the gcd of two numbers also divides their difference. To compute gcd(48,18), divide 48 by 18 to get a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 12. Then divide 18 by 12 to get a quotient of 1 and a remainder of 6. Then divide 12 by 6 to get a remainder of 0, which means that 6 is the gcd. Note that we ignored the quotient in each step except to notice when the remainder reached 0, signalling that we had arrived at the answer. Formally the algorithm can be described as:"}
{"id": "doc1049883", "text": "Example: (a, b, d) = (48, 18, 0) \u2192 (24, 9, 1) \u2192 (12, 9, 1) \u2192 (6, 9, 1) \u2192 (3, 9, 1) \u2192 (3, 6, 1) \u2192 (3, 3, 1)\u00a0; the original gcd is thus 2d = 21 times a= b= 3, that is 6."}
{"id": "doc1050188", "text": "The 1998 miniseries Gordon of Gotham takes place nearly 20 years prior to the current events of the DC Universe and two months before his arrival in Gotham in Batman: Year One. It reveals that Gordon, during his tenure in Chicago, struggled with his wife over conceiving a child while taking university night classes in criminology. He becomes a minor celebrity after a foiling a late-night robbery attempt. However, after deciding to investigate a corrupt fellow officer, he is assaulted and discredited. Gordon then uncovers evidence of rigging in the city council election and brings down two of his fellow officers, which leads to his commander recommending that he take a detective position opening in Gotham."}
{"id": "doc1051791", "text": "In Belle's dream, she and Rumplestiltskin dance to an instrumental version of the title song from Beauty and the Beast. Belle's yellow dress is similar to the one her Disney counterpart wears in the dance scene from the movie."}
{"id": "doc1051902", "text": "Lucas and Moore wrote the script after executive producer Chris Bender's friend disappeared and had a large bill after being sent to a strip club. After Lucas and Moore sold it to the studio for $2 million, Philips and Jeremy Garelick rewrote the script to include a tiger as well as a subplot involving a baby and a police cruiser, and also including boxer Mike Tyson. Filming took place in Nevada for 15 days, and during filming, the three main actors (Cooper, Helms, and Galifianakis) formed a real friendship."}
{"id": "doc1052463", "text": "Vega (pronounced [\u02c8be\u0263a]) is a Spanish surname than means \"dweller in the meadow\", or \"one who lives on the plain\". Other versions of the surname Vega are Vegas or Vegaz. Notable people with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc1052760", "text": "Opposition to the War of 1812 was centered in New England. Delegates to a convention in Hartford, Connecticut met in December 1814 to consider a New England response to Madison\u2019s war policy. The debate allowed many radicals to argue the cause of states\u2019 rights and state sovereignty. In the end, moderate voices dominated and the final product was not secession or nullification, but a series of proposed constitutional amendments.[23] Identifying the South\u2019s domination of the government as the cause of much of their problems, the proposed amendments included \"the repeal of the three-fifths clause, a requirement that two-thirds of both houses of Congress agree before any new state could be admitted to the Union, limits on the length of embargoes, and the outlawing of the election of a president from the same state to successive terms, clearly aimed at the Virginians.\u201d[24] The war was over before the proposals were submitted to President Madison."}
{"id": "doc1053048", "text": "Ernest's position was often linked to his brother Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. The two boys were raised as though twins, and became closer upon the separation and divorce of their parents, as well as the eventual death of their mother. The princes' relationship experienced phases of closeness as well as minor arguments as they grew older; after Albert's death in 1861, Ernest became gradually more antagonistic to Victoria and her children, as well as increasingly bitter toward the United Kingdom, publishing anonymous pamphlets against various members of the British royal family. Despite their increasingly differing political views and opinions however, Ernest accepted his second eldest nephew Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, as his heir-presumptive. Upon Ernest's death on 22 August 1893 at Reinhardsbrunn, Alfred succeeded to the ducal throne."}
{"id": "doc1053329", "text": "Brady made several guest appearances on the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, playing James Stinson, the gay brother of Neil Patrick Harris's character, Barney Stinson. Brady has also appeared as a guest star for the MTV show Wild 'N Out, and lent his voice to the Adult Swim show Robot Chicken."}
{"id": "doc1053454", "text": "A video game based on this reality show was developed by Ludia for the Wii. It was released on November 2, 2010 in North America.[57]"}
{"id": "doc1053537", "text": "Before the independence of Pakistan, the area of the present day North Nazimabad Town was semi-arid land with small Sindhi and Kalmati Balochi villages nearly 15 km from downtown Karachi. The Government of Pakistan bought the land in 1950 from the local landlord and tribal leader Masti Brohi Khan in order to resettle the Muslim refugees from India that were living in tent cities in central Karachi.[1] This suburb developed as KDA Scheme no 2 was named after Khawaja Nazimuddin who was the second Governor-General of Pakistan and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well. In late 1958, the northern area of Nazimabad, was to be developed as KDA Scheme 2' a.k.a. Timuria by Karachi Improvement Trust (KIT). North Nazimabad was originally established in 1958, with Karachi Improvement Trust (KIT) starting that housing scheme. The land was purchased by Pakistan Public Works Department from Sardar Masti Brohi Khan. The name North Nazimabad became popular and was later adopted instead of Timuria.[2] Taimooria or Timuria was named after Amir Timur the progenitor of Mughal Empire of South Asia. North Nazimabad was developed as a residential area for federal government employees. It was planned and designed in late 1950s by Carlo Scarpa & Aldo Rossi, the Italian planners and architects. But in the early 1960s the capital of Pakistan was transferred from Karachi to newly developed capital Islamabad. On account of these two factors it is ranked as the most modern-planned town of Karachi, with blocks located alphabetically. North Nazimabad Town has a comparatively high literacy rate amongst other towns in whole Karachi [3] and a relatively low crime rate. It is considered as a middle class suburb of Karachi."}
{"id": "doc1053964", "text": "In February 2013, Apple informed developers that they could begin using appstore.com for links to their apps.[23][24][25] In June at its developer conference, Apple announced an upcoming \"Kids\" section in App Store, a new section featuring apps categorized by age range, and the section was launched alongside the release of iOS 7 in September 2013.[26][27]"}
{"id": "doc1053988", "text": "In November 2012, Boyfriend Maker, a dating sim game, was removed due to \"reports of references to violent sexual acts and paedophilia\" deemed inappropriate to Boyfriend Maker's age rating of 4+.[143] A revised version called Boyfriend Plus was approved by Apple in April 2013.[144]"}
{"id": "doc1054919", "text": "The coronation of Charlemagne as \"Roman\" emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800 was a deprived act of legitimate juridical profile: only the Roman emperor of the East (called \"Byzantine\" later by the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century) would be crowned a peer of him in the western part, which is why Constantinople was always suspicious of that act."}
{"id": "doc1055238", "text": "In 1956, MGM sold the television rights for The Wizard of Oz to CBS, which scheduled it to be shown in November of that year. In a landmark event, the film became the first American theatrical fiction film to be shown complete in one evening on prime time television over a major American commercial network. (Olivier's version of Hamlet was shown on prime time network TV a month later, but split in half over two weeks, and the 1950 film, The Titan: Story of Michelangelo was telecast by ABC in 1952, but that was a documentary.) Beginning in 1959, and lasting until 1991, telecasts of The Wizard of Oz became an annual tradition, drawing huge audiences in homes all over the U.S. and earning additional profits for MGM. The studio was all too happy to see Oz become, through television, one of the two or three most famous films MGM has ever made, and one of the few films that nearly everybody in the U.S. has seen at least once. Today The Wizard of Oz is regularly shown on the Turner-owned channels, no longer just once a year."}
{"id": "doc1055373", "text": "In May 2008, the IRS issued a letter which states that the UCC had taken appropriate steps and that the denomination's tax status was not in jeopardy. [60]"}
{"id": "doc1055660", "text": "Another type of torque-free precession can occur when there are multiple reference frames at work. For example, Earth is subject to local torque induced precession due to the gravity of the sun and moon acting on Earth's axis, but at the same time the solar system is moving around the galactic center. As a consequence, an accurate measurement of Earth's axial reorientation relative to objects outside the frame of the moving galaxy (such as distant quasars commonly used as precession measurement reference points) must account for a minor amount of non-local torque-free precession, due to the solar system\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s motion."}
{"id": "doc1055719", "text": "Conquest of the Persian Empire"}
{"id": "doc1055720", "text": "Conquest of Roman Syria"}
{"id": "doc1056762", "text": "where d is the number of days since 1 January 2000 00:00:00 in the Terrestrial Time scale used in astronomical ephemerides; for Universal Time (UT) add the following approximate correction to d:"}
{"id": "doc1056790", "text": "Two seasons of the show have been planned, with the first season of four 30-minute episodes released on July 7, 2017. This season represents the first part of the trilogy that Ellis has laid out in 2007.[5] The second season will be eight episodes long and is planned for a 2018 release.[17][18][3] Ellis said that the second season, completing the trilogy, is where he had been able to deviate somewhat from the game, and has been better anticipate the show's release on Netflix in terms of scenes and episode lengths.[5] Shankar believes that there is an opportunity for more stories to be told borrowing from other games in the series, noting that overall he sees the series as \"a story about a family and multiple generations of this family\" with many tales to draw from.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1057032", "text": "Monique Gabriela Curnen and Ron Dean portray Anna Ramirez and Michael Wuertz respectively, corrupt detectives in Gordon's unit. Nestor Carbonell appears as Anthony Garcia, the mayor of Gotham. Ng Chin Han portrays Lau, a corrupt Chinese LSI Holdings accountant at Wayne Enterprises and Triad boss. Eric Roberts plays Sal Maroni, an Italian mafia boss who takes over Carmine Falcone's mob, and Ritchie Coster portrays the Chechen, a Chechen mafia boss in charge of drug-trafficking for the mob. Anthony Michael Hall appears as Mike Engel, a Gotham Cable News reporter, and Keith Szarabajka portrays Gerard Stephens, a detective in Gordon's unit. Joshua Harto plays Coleman Reese, an M&A law accountant at Wayne Enterprises who deduces Bruce's persona of Batman from Fox and plans to reveal it to Gotham. Melinda McGraw appears as Barbara Gordon, Gordon's wife, while Nathan Gamble appears as James Gordon Jr., Gordon's ten-year-old son. Michael Jai White portrays Gambol, a African mafia boss in charge of illegal gambling and extortion for the mob. Colin McFarlane reprises his role as Gillian B. Loeb, the Police Commissioner of Gotham."}
{"id": "doc1058046", "text": "Hold Your Fire"}
{"id": "doc1058398", "text": "Fourteen isotopes of berkelium were identified with mass numbers 238\u2013252.[58] Only 249Bk is available in large quantities; it has a relatively short half-life of 330 days and emits mostly soft \u03b2-particles, which are inconvenient for detection. Its alpha radiation is rather weak (1.45\u00d710\u22123% with respect to \u03b2-radiation), but is sometimes used to detect this isotope. 247Bk is an alpha-emitter with a long half-life of 1,380 years, but it is hard to obtain in appreciable quantities; it is not formed upon neutron irradiation of plutonium because of the \u03b2-stability of isotopes of curium isotopes with mass number below 248.[64]"}
{"id": "doc1059057", "text": "After Nader Shah was killed and his empire collapsed in 1747, the Koh-i-Noor fell to his grandson, who in 1751 gave it to Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the Afghan Empire, in return for his support.[23] One of Ahmed's descendants, Shuja Shah Durrani, wore a bracelet containing the Koh-i-Noor on the occasion of Mountstuart Elphinstone's visit to Peshawar in 1808.[26] A year later, Shujah formed an alliance with the United Kingdom to help defend against a possible invasion of Afghanistan by Russia.[27] He was quickly overthrown, but fled with the diamond to Lahore, where Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire, in return for his hospitality, insisted upon the gem being given to him, and he took possession of it in 1813.[22]"}
{"id": "doc1059060", "text": "In due course, the Governor-General received the Koh-i-Noor from Dr Login, who had been appointed Governor of the Citadel, on 6 April 1848 under a receipt dated 7 December 1849, in the presence of members of the Board of Administration for the affairs of the Punjab: Sir Henry Lawrence (President), C. G. Mansel, John Lawrence and Sir Henry Elliot (Secretary to the Government of India)."}
{"id": "doc1059219", "text": "The C language does not have a global keyword. However, variables declared outside a function have \"file scope,\" meaning they are visible within the file. Variables declared with file scope are visible between their declaration and the end of the compilation unit (.c file) (unless shadowed by a like-named object in a nearer scope, such as a local variable); and they implicitly have external linkage and are thus visible to not only the .c file or compilation unit containing their declarations but also to every other compilation unit that is linked to form the complete program. External linkage, however, is not sufficient for such a variable's use in other files: for a compilation unit to correctly access such a global variable, it will need to know its type. This is accomplished by declaring the variable in each file using the extern keyword. (It will be declared in each file but may be defined in only one.) Such extern declarations are often placed in a shared header file, since it is common practice for all .c files in a project to include at least one .h file: the standard header file errno.h is an example, making the errno variable accessible to all modules in a project. Where this global access mechanism is judged problematic, it can be disabled using the static keyword which restricts a variable to file scope, and will cause attempts to import it with extern to raise a compilation (or linking) error.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1060115", "text": "The arena is expected to be ready for the start of the 2018-19 NBA season.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1060782", "text": "Enos is a friendly gentleman encountered by teenager Annie Phillips in Friday the 13th. He agrees to drive her part of the way to Camp Crystal Lake and, during the drive, he informs Annie about the 1958 murders of camp counselors Barry and Claudette, as well as the mysterious fires and water contamination. Unfortunately, his warnings are dismissed by Annie. He is played the late Rex Everhart (who later became known as the voice of Belle's father, Maurice, from Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1991 film))."}
{"id": "doc1061142", "text": "Filming took place in Burbank, California; Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming; two abandoned World War II airship hangars at the former Brookley Air Force Base in Mobile, Alabama; and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad depot in Bay Minette. The home where Barry was abducted is located outside the town of Fairhope, Alabama. Roy Neary's home is at Carlisle Drive East in Mobile. The UFOs fly through the former toll booth at the Vincent Thomas Bridge, San Pedro, California. The Gobi Desert sequence was photographed at the Dumont Dunes, California, and the Dharmsala-India exteriors were filmed at the small village of Hal near Khalapur, 35 miles (56\u00c2\u00a0km) outside Bombay, India.[21] The hangars in Alabama were six times larger than the biggest sound stage in the world.[14][22] Various technical and budgetary problems occurred during filming. Spielberg called Close Encounters \"twice as bad and twice as expensive [as Jaws]\".[8]"}
{"id": "doc1061580", "text": "Badshahi Mosque, Lahore"}
{"id": "doc1062301", "text": "Light or medium-pigmented brown eyes can also be commonly found in South Europe, among the Americas, and parts of Central Asia (Middle East and South Asia)."}
{"id": "doc1063714", "text": "Principal photography began in September 2012 in Los Angeles.[38] Although some scenes were originally planned to be shot in Queensland, Australia,[39] all filming, except for two establishing shots in London, took place in the Southern California area, including the Walt Disney Studios lot in Burbank, Disneyland Park in Anaheim, Big Sky Ranch in Simi Valley, the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden in Arcadia, Heritage Square Museum in Montecito Heights, Ontario International Airport in San Bernardino, Courthouse Square at Universal Studios, and the TCL Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.[38][40] The largest set built for the film was the interior of the Walt Disney Studios' Animation Building, which production designer Michael Corenblith referred to as \"a character in the story\".[41] The exterior of the Beverly Hills Hotel and Disney's personal office were also recreated, with the Langham Huntington in Pasadena acting as an interior double for the Beverly Hills Hotel.[38] To ensure authenticity, Corenblith used photographs and a furniture display from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library as references for Disney's office; the set was also adorned with Disney's personal Academy Awards loaned from a Walt Disney World Resort exhibit.[14][40][42] For the Disneyland sequences, scenes were shot during the early morning with certain areas cordoned off during the park's operation, including the park's entrance courtyard, Main Street U.S.A., Sleeping Beauty Castle, Fantasyland, and the King Arthur Carrousel attraction.[43] Extra roles were filled by Disneyland Resort cast members.[44] In order for the park to be portrayed accurately in the story's time period, Corenblith had the Main Street storefronts redressed to reflect their 1961 appearance; post-1961 attractions were kept obstructed so they would not show up on camera.[38][45] To recreate the original film's premiere at the Chinese Theatre, set designers closed Hollywood Boulevard and recreated the street and theater to resemble their 1964 appearances.[42] After scheduled filming in Australia had been scrapped, cinematographer John Schwartzman compared the landscape of Queensland with that of rural Southern California, and realized that both had similar traits in natural lighting.[41]"}
{"id": "doc1063840", "text": "In the predominantly Roman Catholic Philippines, the day is commemorated with street processions, the Way of the Cross, the chanting of the Pasy\u00f3n, and performances of the Sen\u00e1kulo or Passion play. Some devotees engage in self-flagellation and even have themselves crucified as expressions of penance despite health risks and strong disapproval from the Church.[59]"}
{"id": "doc1064230", "text": "The Alameda Terminal was the site of the arrival of the first train via the First Transcontinental Railroad into the San Francisco Bay Area on September 6, 1869. The transcontinental terminus was switched to the Oakland Mole two months later, on November 8, 1869."}
{"id": "doc1064409", "text": "Upon first hearing the song, the man who discovered the band, Alan McGee, boisterously claimed that the song was \"one of the greatest social statements of the past 25 years\".[2]"}
{"id": "doc1066673", "text": "The Mirror of Souls is a magical mirror. If somebody has evil in their soul, it will be revealed in the mirror's gaze in which the person's eyes will glow with demonic fire. The Mirror of Souls was located about an hour's ride away from Belle's castle and she eventually recovers it. Later, through the mirror's reflection, Belle discovers that Gaston has evil in his soul which also revealed that he was the one who tortured the young Ogre."}
{"id": "doc1068154", "text": "France automatically qualified as hosts for Euro 2016.[25] Benzema and Hatem Ben Arfa were not in the squad.[26][27] France were drawn in Group A of the tournament alongside Romania, Switzerland and Albania.[28] France won their group with wins over Romania and Albania and a goalless draw against Switzerland and were poised to play the Republic of Ireland in the round of sixteen.[29][30][31] Ireland took the lead after just two minutes through a controversially awarded penalty, which was converted by Robbie Brady. A brace from Antoine Griezmann, however, helped France to win the match 2\u20131 and qualify for the quarter-finals, where they beat a resilient Iceland 5\u20132 to set up a semi-final clash against world champions and tournament co-favourites Germany.[32][33][34] France won the match 2\u20130, marking their first win over Germany at a major tournament since 1958.[35][36] France, however, were beaten by Portugal 1\u20130 in the final courtesy of an extra-time goal by Eder. Griezmann was named the Player of the Tournament and was also awarded the Golden Boot in addition to being named in the Team of the Tournament, alongside Dimitri Payet. The defeat meant that France became the second nation to have lost the final on home soil, after Portugal lost the final to Greece in 2004.[37][38][39][40][41]"}
{"id": "doc1068708", "text": "A large number of pine trees were blown down near the city of Jupiter. One man near Lemon City was killed by falling timber. Small watercraft, docks and boathouses sustained damage, but otherwise the storm's effects on the east coast were more moderate compared to other areas. Portions of the Florida East Coast Railroad bed were washed out, and repairs were anticipated to be costly. An American schooner blew ashore at Boca Raton, killing three and leaving the rest of the crew stranded for 12\u00c2\u00a0hours until help arrived. Estimates of the cyclone's impact on citrus crops in the region vary widely.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1068994", "text": "In the 17th century, a synthesis of the ideas of these two disciplines, that is the deductive and the experimental, leads to the development of a process of thinking known as the scientific method. With the introduction of the scientific method, the modern science of chemistry was born."}
{"id": "doc1069317", "text": "Filming took place at Lyndhurst Estate in Tarrytown, New York, with additional footage at nearby Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. Curtis followed this film one year later with Night of Dark Shadows, another expansion of the Shadows franchise, dealing with the witch Angelique."}
{"id": "doc1070768", "text": "The tradition of placing a bean, candy or figurine of the baby Jesus inside the cake is followed. Whoever finds it must take it to the nearest church on February 2, D\u00c3\u00ada de la candelaria (Candlemas Day), which celebrates the presentation of Jesus in the Temple. According to the Jewish tradition, an infant was to be presented to God in the Temple forty days after his birth. The use of candles on Candlemas represents the light of Christ presented to the world. In Mexico and the Mexican diaspora in the United States, people who find the baby Jesus figurine in their piece of cake usually agree to host a party on Candlemas (February 2) and to provide the guests with tamales and atole.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1070787", "text": "Rosca de reyes in Mexico"}
{"id": "doc1071289", "text": "The Griffine, Bustard, Turkey & Capon\nLett other hungry Mortalls gape on\nAnd on theire bones with Stomacks fall hard,\nBut lett All Souls' Men have ye Mallard.\nCHORUS:\nHough the bloud of King Edward,\nBy ye bloud of King Edward,\nIt was a swapping, swapping mallard!"}
{"id": "doc1071290", "text": "So have I stood at eve on Isis' banks\nTo hear the merry Christ-church bells ring round.\nSo have I sat too in thy honoured shades\nDistinguish'd Magdalen, on Cherwell's brink,\nTo hear thy silver Wolsey tones so sweet.\nAnd so too have I paus'd and held my oar\nAnd suffer'd the slow stream to bear me home,\nNo speed required while Wykeham's peal was up."}
{"id": "doc1074194", "text": "Angel is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon and David Greenwalt for the American television programs Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off series Angel. The character is portrayed by actor David Boreanaz. As introduced in Buffy in 1997, Angel is a love interest for heroine Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a young woman whose destiny as \"the Slayer\" is to fight the forces of evil, such as vampires and demons. However, their relationship is complicated by the fact that Angel is himself a vampire cursed with remorse and a human soul, which motivates him to assist Buffy in her duties as Slayer. The character's popularity led to the production of the spin-off Angel, which follows the character's struggle towards redemption after moving to Los Angeles. In addition to the two television series, the character appears in the comic book continuations of both series, as well as much other expanded universe literature. Angel appears in the most television episodes of all the characters of both Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, appearing in 167 episodes (57 in Buffy and all 110 in Angel)."}
{"id": "doc1074209", "text": "A second volume of the series launched alongside Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten in 2014. Angel defends Magic Town against threats such as Amy Madison during Faith's absence, and acquires several new allies: Eldre Koh, an ancient Nitobe demon freed from his prison by the end of magic; Detective Brandt; Rory, a magically-mutated bartender; and the mutant Tricia and her boyfriend Parker. Angel is also aided by Sophronia and Lavinia, as well as Nadira, a Slayer who hated him for his actions as Twilight but found inner peace after being mutated, and has a deep connection with the magic of Magic Town, which has become sentient. Following Illyria's death in Buffy Season Nine, Angel finds Fred alive again, having been restored by the reset of the laws of magic; she is forced to share her body with Illyria but is able to keep the ancient demon mostly under control. Faith also returns, now working for Zane Pharmaceuticals. A crossover with Buffy Season Ten reveals a new demon villain: Archaeus, who sired the Master and is able to control all the vampires from that bloodline, including Angel, Spike and Drusilla. Angel travels to San Francisco to help Buffy combat the demon lord, discovering that Buffy and Spike are now in a relationship, which Angel believes will not last. Meanwhile, Faith and Fred discover Drusilla in Magic Town, building a vampire army for Archaeus, who follows Angel back to London. The season ends with a conflict between Archaeus and his vampire army (including Drusilla and Detective Brandt), and Angel and his makeshift 'family' (Faith, Fred/Illyria, Koh, Nadira, Sophronia and Lavinia, and the Magic Town populace). Observing the battle, the sentient magic is almost convinced to join Archaeus, but ultimately defends Nadira from him and traps Archaeus inside a statue."}
{"id": "doc1075668", "text": "The second point ensures that the only sequence usable as an argument must change with each I/O action; the first allows different calls to an I/O-performing function to return different results on account of the sequence arguments having changed.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc1076334", "text": "On March 15, 1820, Maine was separated from Massachusetts and entered the Union as the 23rd State as a result of the enactment of the Missouri Compromise."}
{"id": "doc1076782", "text": "Below is the full text of the official lyrics.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1077629", "text": "It is also used sometimes as a component word of a multi-word surname such as Mart\u00ednez del R\u00edo.  Mart\u00ednez comes from the personal name \"Martin\", itself derived from the Latin Martinus, whose root is Mars, the name of the Roman god of fertility and war. The name Martin became popular throughout Christian Europe after it was borne by a famous 4th-century saint who was active in Roman Gaul (now France), Martin of Tours."}
{"id": "doc1078877", "text": "The following verses (10:28\u00e2\u20ac\u201c59) reveal that Ezra had a vision of the heavenly Jerusalem, the true city of Zion, which the angel of the Lord invites him to explore.  As the angel tells Ezra at the end of Chapter 10 in the Authorised Version:"}
{"id": "doc1079691", "text": "The Night Cafe, (1888), by Vincent van Gogh, used red and green to express what Van Gogh called \"the terrible human passions.\""}
{"id": "doc1079922", "text": "Other appearances were on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, Private Secretary,Playhouse 90, The Rifleman, Bat Masterson, The Jack Benny Program, Yancy Derringer, Riverboat, Bourbon Street Beat, 77 Sunset Strip, Hennesey, The Twilight Zone, Bonanza, The Man and the Challenge, One Step Beyond, The Untouchables, Have Gun-Will Travel, The Tab Hunter Show, Pete and Gladys, The Donna Reed Show, Bachelor Father, Going My Way, and twice on Mister Ed."}
{"id": "doc1080514", "text": "Inside scenes were shot on a sound stage at the Warner Bros studio facility and the actors and crew stayed in luxury homes and apartments on the Gold Coast.[citation needed] McConaughey mentioned having a python in the backyard of his house in Port Douglas. McConaughey said, \"There were other days like the day we went out diving and swam with a dugong, which was very cool.\"[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1080704", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 10 September 2016. It was released in the United Kingdom on 1 September 2017, by Lionsgate."}
{"id": "doc1080713", "text": "The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 10 September 2016.[10][11] It was released in the United Kingdom on 1 September 2017[12] and in the United States on 8 September 2017, in a limited release and through video on demand by RLJ Entertainment.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1081224", "text": "On March 2, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season, and production for the second season began on May 5, 2016.[44] Thirteen new episodes were ordered and were released on December 9, 2016.[45][46] On December 24, 2016, the series was renewed for a third season, to be released in 2017.[47] and On December 31, 2016, it was confirmed that the season was given an 18-episode order.[48] Production for the third season began on March 18, 2017,[49] and ended on September 2, 2017.[50] It was announced on June 26, 2017 that the third season would be split into two parts, with the release of the first part on September 22, 2017 to consist of nine episodes.[51] It was announced on November 13, 2017 that the second half, also consisting of nine episodes, would be released on December 22, 2017.[52] On January 29, 2018, the series was renewed for a fourth season of thirteen episodes."}
{"id": "doc1081395", "text": "In April 2009, a game called Baby Shaker was approved for the App Store then later removed due to complaints. The game allowed the user to shake their phone in order to quiet a crying cartoon baby onscreen.[33] The app was criticized for making light of shaken baby syndrome, a condition where shaking a baby results in severe brain injury.[34]"}
{"id": "doc1082535", "text": "Syd Cain returned as art director and was involved searching for locations with Guy Hamilton in March 1972.[117] Principal photography began on 13 October 1972 in the Irish Bayou in Louisiana for a boat chase scene.[118] On 29 November production moved to Jamaica, which doubled for the fictional island San Monique, the home of antagonist Kananga. In December, production was divided between interiors in Pinewood Studios, while a separate unit also shot in Harlem.[119]"}
{"id": "doc1083962", "text": "Filming began in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia on 28 September 2009 with early shooting in Dungog.[17] Raymond Terrace was chosen as a major location for producing the film as it is \"a great country town\".[18] Historic King Street, the former main street of the town, was transformed from a normally quiet location into Main Street, Wirrawee. The street began its transformation in September 2009, with set areas including the \"Wirrawee Cinema\" and the Lee family's Thai restaurant. Filming began in King Street on 21\u00a0October 2009 and continued until 27\u00a0October 2009. Filming in other locations in the town ended on 6 November 2009.[19][20] Other filming locations included Maitland, the Blue Mountains and the Luskintyre bridge. The Fox Studios site in Sydney was also used.[21] The explosions of the house and bridge were filmed, scaled-down, at Terrey Hills in northern Sydney."}
{"id": "doc1084332", "text": "The show has been criticised for its negative and stereotypical representation of Essex, and there have been a number of complaints to ITV2.[62] Some Essex residents felt it was not a true representation of the area and the people who live there.[62][63][64][65][66][67] Kirk Norcross responded to this criticism by saying, \"We are all from Essex, so this is Essex. It's not acting. It's not like they've got people from America and said 'Right, act like you think you know where Essex is.' We are Essex people so what you're watching is Essex.\"[68]"}
{"id": "doc1085571", "text": "Some of the essential elements that make up the human body, mainly potassium and carbon, have radioactive isotopes that add significantly to our background radiation dose. An average human contains about 30 milligrams of potassium-40 (40K) and about 10 nanograms (10\u22128\u00a0g) of carbon-14 (14C),[citation needed] which has a decay half-life of 5,730 years. Excluding internal contamination by external radioactive material, the largest component of internal radiation exposure from biologically functional components of the human body is from potassium-40. The decay of about 4,000 nuclei of 40K per second[15] makes potassium the largest source of radiation in terms of number of decaying atoms. The energy of beta particles produced by 40K is also about 10 times that from the beta particles from 14C decay. 14C is present in the human body at a level of 3700 Bq with a biological half-life of 40 days.[16] There are about 1,200 beta particles per second produced by the decay of 14C. However, a 14C atom is in the genetic information of about half the cells, while potassium is not a component of DNA. The decay of a 14C atom inside DNA in one person happens about 50 times per second, changing a carbon atom to one of nitrogen.[17] The global average internal dose from radionuclides other than radon and its decay products is 0.29\u00a0mSv/a, of which 0.17\u00a0mSv/a comes from 40K, 0.12\u00a0mSv/a comes from the uranium and thorium series, and 12\u00a0\u03bcSv/a comes from 14C.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1086818", "text": "Meet Joe Black is a 1998 American romantic fantasy film  directed and produced by Martin Brest, and starring Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins, and Claire Forlani. The screenplay by Bo Goldman, Kevin Wade, Ron Osborn and Jeff Reno is loosely based on the 1934 film Death Takes a Holiday."}
{"id": "doc1086963", "text": "(Dunchad) Duncan, originally a forename[2] is one of the earliest names in Scotland \u2013 and originates from the Dalriadan Celtic Celtic Scotii (Scots) from Ireland who colonised the south west of Scotland from about the 4th century AD. D\u00fanchad (Duncan mac Conaing) co-ruled Dalriada with Conall II (c.650 - 654).[3]"}
{"id": "doc1087169", "text": "The Arizona Wildcats have been to four Final Fours, which is tied for 21st all time among Division I schools.\u00c2"}
{"id": "doc1087988", "text": "This is a list of the highest known prices paid for paintings. The earliest sale on the list (Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh) is from 1987, and more than tripled the previous record price, set only two years before, introducing a new era in top picture prices. The sale was also significant in that for the first time a \"modern\" painting (in this case from 1888) became the record holder, as opposed to the old master paintings which had always previously held it. The current record price is approximately $450 million paid for Leonardo Da Vinci's Salvator Mundi in November 2017."}
{"id": "doc1088133", "text": "As of 2018, Pennsylvania has an estimated population of 12,823,989, which is an increase of 18,452 from the previous year and an increase of 121,610 since the year 2010. Net migration to other states resulted in a decrease of 27,718, and immigration from other countries resulted in an increase of 127,007. Net migration to the Commonwealth was 98,289. Migration of native Pennsylvanians resulted in a decrease of 100,000 people. From 2008 to 2012, 5.8% of the population was foreign-born.[78] The state has an estimated 2017 poverty rate of 13.2%.[79] The state also has the 3rd-highest proportion of elderly (65+) citizens in 2005.[79]"}
{"id": "doc1088161", "text": "Pennsylvania has had five constitutions during its statehood:[118] 1776, 1790, 1838, 1874, and 1968. Before that the province of Pennsylvania was governed for a century by a Frame of Government, of which there were four versions: 1682, 1683, 1696, and 1701.[118] The capital of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg. The legislature meets in the State Capitol there."}
{"id": "doc1088162", "text": "The current Governor is Tom Wolf. The other elected officials composing the executive branch are the Lieutenant Governor Michael Stack, Attorney General Joshua Shapiro, Auditor General Eugene DePasquale, and Pennsylvania Treasurer Joe Torsella. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor run as a ticket in the general election and are up for reelection in 2018. Pennsylvania will hold elections for Attorney General, Auditor General and Treasurer in 2020.[119]"}
{"id": "doc1088182", "text": "Pennsylvania's two U.S. Senators are Bob Casey, Jr. and Pat Toomey."}
{"id": "doc1088192", "text": "Pennsylvania is home to the nation's first zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo.[161] Other long-accredited AZA zoos include the Erie Zoo and the Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium. The Lehigh Valley Zoo and ZOOAMERICA are other notable zoos. The Commonwealth boasts some of the finest museums in the country, including the Carnegie Museums in Pittsburgh, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and several others. One unique museum is the Houdini Museum in Scranton, the only building in the world devoted to the legendary magician.[162] Pennsylvania is also home to the National Aviary, located in Pittsburgh."}
{"id": "doc1088751", "text": "Thus the north was freed from the evil of Angmar, but Arnor was no more: those that remained of its people became the Rangers of the North."}
{"id": "doc1088928", "text": "Back in the gym with the Red Team, Adrian is the next to get a talking to from Dolvett. He thinks that Adrian's biggest obstacle - aside from being shut out by his teammates - is the fact he doesn't listen."}
{"id": "doc1090039", "text": "Writer Don Payne conceived of the idea of his first film while working on The Simpsons television series, saying that as a fan of comics, the idea of a romantic comedy with a superhero twist was \"a fitting first feature\". The spec script (at that time called Super Ex) attracted the attention of production company Regency Enterprises and director Ivan Reitman, and the film was fast-tracked for production. Filming took place over four weeks in New York City and featured Westchester high school Port Chester High School for the main characters' high school scenes."}
{"id": "doc1090888", "text": "\"Just Be a Man About It\" is a telephone breakup song, with Toni once again questioning the status of a partner\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s manhood and Dr. Dre playing the wayward lover breaking the news to her.[1] According to producer Teddy Bishop, Martin Lawrence and Will Smith were originally considered to perform the speaking parts of the song. However, due to scheduling conflicts it never happened. Dr. Dre was asked to appear on the song due to being in the studio next door while the song was being recorded.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1091030", "text": "Ben appeared in a total 16 (17) episodes and was played chronologically: as an infant by Michael Gunderson Season 1 to 2, by brothers Charles Thomas Allen and John Christopher Allen from Season 3 to 5, and by Cole Sprouse from Season 6 to 8."}
{"id": "doc1091040", "text": "Ross and Rachel also marry each other after getting heavily drunk in Las Vegas. This marriage ends in a divorce."}
{"id": "doc1091592", "text": "Pier in Oakville, Ontario"}
{"id": "doc1093057", "text": "If, for example, you wanted to multiply 9 by 3, you observe that the sum and difference are 12 and 6 respectively. Looking both those values up on the table yields 36 and 9, the difference of which is 27, which is the product of 9 and 3."}
{"id": "doc1094305", "text": "Filming took place in the fall of 1984 at locations in Pennsylvania and Florida. All above-ground scenes were filmed at several locations around Florida, where Romero was living at the time. The opening scene was filmed in Fort Myers, Florida.[7] The fenced in compound with the helicopter landing pad was shot at a location called Bowman's Beach Helistop in Sanibel. Underground scenes were filmed in a former mine shaft located near Wampum, Pennsylvania, converted into a long-term storage facility for important documents. Though the mine maintained a constant temperature of about 50 degrees Fahrenheit, its high humidity played havoc with the crew's equipment and props. Mechanical and electrical failures were a constant problem throughout filming, and caused several of special effects leader Tom Savini's props to fail during the filming. Despite these failures, Savini was nominated and won the 1985 Saturn Award for best makeup effects. The remote location also complicated the transportation of crew members and equipment. Cast and crew would often sleep in the mine overnight to avoid the time-consuming travel to and from the shooting location. \"Zombie\" extras were recruited from among the citizens of Pittsburgh, with preference given to those who had worked on previous Romero films. Extras were paid $1.00 for their services, and given a hat that read \"I was a Zombie in Day of the Dead\"."}
{"id": "doc1094361", "text": "In November 2014, Netflix announced its plans of creating a television series to adapt the entire novel series.[47] The series stars Neil Patrick Harris, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes and Presley Smith, with Patrick Warburton as narrator.[48][49] The series, also titled A Series of Unfortunate Events, premiered on January 13, 2017.[50] The first season consisted of eight episodes, and adapts the first four books of the series. A Series of Unfortunate Events season two was released on March 30, 2018, which contains 10 episodes, adapting books five through nine of the novel series, with a third season planned to be released in 2019, to adapt the four remaining books.[51]"}
{"id": "doc1095662", "text": "Among the heaviest nuclei, starting with tellurium nuclei (element 52) containing 106 or more nucleons, electric forces may be so destabilizing that entire chunks of the nucleus may be ejected, usually as alpha particles, which consist of two protons and two neutrons (alpha particles are fast helium nuclei). (Beryllium-8 also decays, very quickly, into two alpha particles.) Alpha particles are extremely stable. This type of decay becomes more and more probable as elements rise in atomic weight past 106."}
{"id": "doc1096264", "text": "I, (Insert full name), do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, her heirs and successors, according to law. So help me God."}
{"id": "doc1096393", "text": "Sophia is first introduced in the season one episode \"Tell It to the Frogs\", where it is revealed that Ed abuses Carol, slapping her across the face for not coming with him right away. For this he is beaten savagely by Shane, who promises to beat him to death if he lays his hand on Carol, Sophia or anyone else in the camp. In the next episode, \"Vatos\", Ed's injuries are revealed to have confined him to his tent, and so during dinner he implored Sophia to stay with him and keep him company. However, Carol stood her ground, and said that Sophia wanted to join everyone else. Towards the end of the episode, a herd of walkers leads to the deaths of Ed and Amy, another survivor, and several unnamed people before all the walkers are killed. In the episode \"Wildfire\", Rick Grimes decides to lead the group away from the current site and travel to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) because of its assumed security and to possibly find a cure for Jim, a survivor who had been bitten when the camp was attacked. Morales announces that his family will be leaving the group to find family in Alabama. Sophia is saddened by Eliza's leaving, and Eliza gives Sophia her doll to remember her by. Sophia and Carol appear to have become more enthusiastic and open members of the group following Ed's death. They travel with the rest of the group to the CDC."}
{"id": "doc1098312", "text": "Eerie, Indiana is an American television series that originally aired on NBC from September 15, 1991 to April 12, 1992. The series was created by Jos\u00e9 Rivera and Karl Schaefer, with Joe Dante serving as creative consultant."}
{"id": "doc1098357", "text": "Attenuators may be classified according to the type of molecule which induces the change in RNA structure. It is likely that transcription-attenuation mechanisms developed early, perhaps prior to the archaea/bacteria separation and have since evolved to use a number of different sensing molecules (the tryptophan biosynthetic operon has been found to use three different mechanisms in different organisms.)[1]"}
{"id": "doc1098803", "text": "A letter of credit or LC can also be the source of payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit will pay an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. They are also used in the land development process to ensure that approved public facilities (streets, sidewalks, stormwater ponds, etc.) will be built. The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros and traveler's cheque. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a commercial invoice, bill of lading, and a document proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin."}
{"id": "doc1098823", "text": "Afterwards, he appeared in several movies in small roles, such as the 1988 film The Presidio and in 1990, he appeared in an episode of the TV series Night Court, and a small role in Batman Returns in 1992 as one of The Penguin's henchmen. He also co-starred as \"Judge Mental\" on the kids' gameshow Pictionary. In his later years, he became an active member in a clean and sober fellowship and spent a great deal of time and effort in service to others suffering from substance abuse."}
{"id": "doc1100566", "text": "However, as environmental technologies were to make up a potential market, some countries made large investments in renewable energies, energy conservation and sustainable transport. Many governments launched national plans to promote sustainable energy. In 2003, the European Union members created an emission trading scheme, and in 2007 they assembled a climate and energy package to reduce further their carbon emission and improve their energy-efficiency. In 2009, the United States Obama administration set up the Green New Deal, a plan to create millions of jobs in sectors related to environmentalism."}
{"id": "doc1101054", "text": "From 1945 until the original Warner Bros. Cartoons studio closed, Freleng had almost exclusive use of Tweety at the Warner cartoon studio (much like Yosemite Sam), with the exception of a brief cameo in No Barking in 1954, directed by Chuck Jones (that year, Freleng used Pep\u00e9 Le Pew, a Jones character, for the only time in his career and the only time in a Tweety short, Dog Pounded)."}
{"id": "doc1101311", "text": "The modern situation in Sursilvan (one of the Rhaeto-Romance languages) is unique in that the original nominative/oblique distinction has been reinterpreted as a predicative/attributive distinction:[35]:381"}
{"id": "doc1101731", "text": "Hinton's acting debut at the age of six months old was in the arms of Jayne Mansfield in the TV show \"Playhouse 90\". In 1962, he played Jafar Mainwaring, a child character in the 1962 film Hero's Island. In 1963, he was cast in an uncredited role in Walt Disney's Son of Flubber and as Rocky in the episode \"Getting Ed's Goat\" of CBS's sitcom, Mr. Ed, starring Alan Young and Connie Hines. Shortly before he was cast as Israel Boone, Hinton appeared as Benjie Diel in the 90-minute episode \"The Ben Engel Story\" of ABC's Western series Wagon Train.[1] He went on to appear in numerous features and television shows. One day his mother dropped him off at Twentieth Century Fox (dressed in knee high socks and lederhosen) to audition for a role in The Sound of Music, and the boy unintentionally got lost. He wandered into the wrong line of kids; by the time his mother found him, Darby had turned in his lederhosen for a coonskin cap to play  Fess Parker's son Israel, on Daniel Boone, for the next six years."}
{"id": "doc1101734", "text": "In 1988, Hinton appeared in the first episode, \"Road Ranger,\" of the short-lived NBC series The Highwayman, starring Sam J. Jones. Hinton's later appearances were on NBC's Hunter, starring Fred Dryer, and CBS's Knots Landing. He also appeared in the 1991-92 series P.S. I Luv U starring Greg Evigan and Connie Sellecca. He guest-starred, too, on  Fox Television's Beverly Hills, 90210 in the role of a physician. His last screen appearances were on March 16, 1999, in the episode \"Career Day\" of the Warner Bros. series Rescue 77 and as Mikey's father in the 2003 film Just for Kicks.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1102442", "text": "The National Assembly (Urdu: \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e) is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1102445", "text": "General elections under the new Constitution were held on 28 March 1962 and elections to the special seats reserved for women were held on 29 May 1962. The first session of the third National Assembly was held on 8 June 1962 at Ayub Hall, Rawalpindi."}
{"id": "doc1103331", "text": "Cumberland County\nDauphin County\nFranklin County\nLancaster County\nLebanon County\nPerry County\nYork County"}
{"id": "doc1104225", "text": "Robert Williams posits that the \"origin and earliest development of episcopacy and monepiscopacy and the ecclesiastical concept of (apostolic) succession were associated with crisis situations in the early church.\"[58]"}
{"id": "doc1104251", "text": "In 1985, Tim Burton and Paul Reubens invited Elfman to write the score for their first feature film, Pee-wee's Big Adventure.  Elfman was apprehensive at first, because of his lack of formal training, but with orchestration assistance from Oingo Boingo guitarist and arranger Steve Bartek, he achieved his goal of emulating the mood of such composers as Nino Rota and Bernard Herrmann.[17]  In the booklet for the first volume of Music for a Darkened Theatre, Elfman described the first time he heard his music played by a full orchestra as one of the most thrilling experiences of his life.  Elfman immediately developed a rapport with Burton[17] and has gone on to score all but three of Burton's major studio releases: Ed Wood, which was under production while Elfman and Burton were having a serious disagreement,[18] Sweeney Todd, and most recently Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children.  Elfman also provided the singing voice for Jack Skellington in Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas and the voices of both Barrel and the \"Clown with the Tear-Away Face\".  In 1990, Elfman composed the iconic orchestra piece, 'Ice Dance', for the Tim Burton film Edward Scissorhands. Years later he provided the voice for Bonejangles the skeleton in Corpse Bride and the voices of the Oompa-Loompas in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory."}
{"id": "doc1104254", "text": "In October 2013, Elfman returned to the stage to sing his vocal parts to a handful of Nightmare Before Christmas songs as part of a concert titled Danny Elfman's Music from the Films of Tim Burton.[19][20] He composed the film score for Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), and composed additional music for Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) together with Brian Tyler."}
{"id": "doc1104361", "text": "Rose of the northern transept"}
{"id": "doc1104413", "text": "The Nishan-e-Haider was established by the Government of Pakistan and named after Ali ibn Abi Talib on 16 March 1957,[citation needed] the year that Pakistan became a republic. It was applied retrospectively from the date of Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947. It is Pakistan's highest award and takes precedence over all military and civil awards. Of the ten Nishan-e-Haider recipients to date, nine have been from the Army and one from the Air Force."}
{"id": "doc1105038", "text": "The proposed 21 regional railroads were as follows:"}
{"id": "doc1105530", "text": "Underwood trails Dunbar in the polls, eventually losing the New Hampshire primary. Realizing that he needs Claire to win, he persuades her to come back by promising to support her run for a congressional district in Texas. However, he sandbags her prospective candidacy by endorsing a political ally's daughter, in order to keep Claire focused on his campaign. On the day of the South Carolina primary, Claire retaliates by arranging for two compromising photos to be leaked: one of Underwood's father with a Klansman, and one of Underwood posing with a Confederate Civil War re-enactor. Underwood deduces that Claire was behind the leaks, and confronts her. Claire calmly admits what she did, and puts forth a proposition: that she run as his vice president. He angrily rejects the idea."}
{"id": "doc1105537", "text": "When Romero's committee intensifies its investigation, Underwood tries to divert public attention by ordering troops into Syria under the pretense of preventing a terrorist attack. This provokes Durant to testify against him; before she can take the stand, however, Underwood pushes her down a flight of stairs, incapacitating her. When Walker testifies about Underwood's role in the Chinese money laundering, Underwood takes the stand in his own defense and stuns the committee by resigning the presidency. When Claire demands an explanation, Underwood reveals that his resignation is part of a plan to ensure that they control the country for years to come: Claire from the White House, he from the private sector. To tie up loose ends, he has Macallan and Harvey killed, and persuades Stamper to \u201cconfess\u201d to murdering Barnes."}
{"id": "doc1106009", "text": "b evaluates to false if unsigned char is 8 bits wide. This is because 256 does not fit in the data type, which results in the lower 8 bits of it being used, resulting in a zero value. However, changing the type causes the previous code to behave normally:"}
{"id": "doc1106533", "text": "Before 1856 there was minimal discussion of statehood within Minnesota. However, as discussion of a potential transcontinental railroad in the U.S. became serious, leaders in Minnesota recognized that a territory was in a weak position to lobby for this economic opportunity.[139]"}
{"id": "doc1107236", "text": "The portrait was executed on a fabric support of natural material constituted by two pieces (originally three) joined together. The join is clearly visible as a seam passing from top to bottom, with the Virgin's face and hands and the head of the angel on the left piece. It passes through the left wrist of the Virgin. The fabric is mounted on a large metal sheet to which it has been glued for some time.[58] The image, currently set in a massive frame protected behind bullet-proof glass, hangs inclined at a slight angle on the wall of the basilica behind the altar. At this point, there is a wide gap between the wall and the sanctuary facilitating closer viewing from moving walkways set on the floor beneath the main level of the basilica, carrying people a short distance in either direction. Viewed from the main body of the basilica, the image is located above and to the right of the altar and is retracted at night into a small vault (accessible by steps) set into the wall.[59] An intricate metal crown designed by the painter Salom\u00e9 Pina according to plans devised by R\u00f3mulo Escudero and P\u00e9rez Gallardo, and executed by the Parisian goldsmith, Edgar Morgan, is fixed above the image by a rod, and a massive Mexican flag is draped around and below the frame.[60]"}
{"id": "doc1107283", "text": "Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, GCVO, CSM, PC (born Camilla Rosemary Shand, later Parker Bowles; 17 July 1947) is a member of the British royal family. She is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, heir apparent to the British throne. Instead of using the title of Princess of Wales, she uses the title Duchess of Cornwall, her husband's secondary designation. In Scotland, she is known as the Duchess of Rothesay."}
{"id": "doc1107323", "text": "Although legally she is Princess of Wales, Camilla has adopted the feminine form of her husband's highest-ranking subsidiary title, Duke of Cornwall, because the title Princess of Wales became strongly associated with the previous holder of that title, Diana. She will legally become queen consort, in accordance with English common law,[213] if Charles becomes king.[214][215] Clarence House stated on the occasion of their wedding in 2005 that Camilla would adopt the style of Princess Consort,[216] but there is no legal or historical precedent for such a title.[213] \"Princess Consort\" mirrors the style of Albert, Prince Consort, husband of Queen Victoria. In 2018, Clarence House removed the statement regarding Camilla being styled as princess consort.[217]"}
{"id": "doc1107586", "text": "It is rarely joined with the left subclavian artery, except in cases of transposition of the aortic arch."}
{"id": "doc1107701", "text": "The actual house photographed and filmed to depict Spellman Manor is a Victorian mansion located at 64 E. Main St. in Freehold, New Jersey.[7] The exteriors for Westbridge High School, which Sabrina attended, were Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey."}
{"id": "doc1108390", "text": "Most federal agencies are created by Congress through statutes called \"enabling acts\" which define the scope of an agency's authority. Because the Constitution does not expressly mention federal agencies (as it does the three branches), some commentators have called agencies the \"headless fourth branch\" of the federal government. However, most independent agencies are technically part of the executive branch, with a few located in the legislative branch of government. By enacting the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in 1946, Congress established some means to oversee government agency action. The APA established uniform administrative law procedures for a federal agency's promulgation of rules, and adjudication of claims. The APA also sets forth the process for judicial review of agency action."}
{"id": "doc1108793", "text": "not a joke [bob]"}
{"id": "doc1110589", "text": "In what is sometimes referred to as Hume's problem of induction, he argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally; instead, our trust in causality and induction result from custom and mental habit, and are attributable only to the experience of \"constant conjunction\" of events. This is because we can never actually perceive that one event causes another, but only that the two are always conjoined. Accordingly, to draw any causal inferences from past experience it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past, a presupposition which cannot itself be grounded in prior experience.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1111694", "text": "In embryonic development, the lungs begin to develop as an outpouching of the foregut, a tube which goes on to form the upper part of the digestive system. When the lungs are formed the fetus is held in the fluid-filled amniotic sac and so they do not function to breathe. Blood is also diverted from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus. At birth however, air begins to pass through the lungs, and the diversionary duct closes, so that the lungs can begin to respire. The lungs only fully develop in early childhood."}
{"id": "doc1111696", "text": "Both lungs have a central recession called the hilum at the root of the lung, where the blood vessels and airways pass into the lungs.[1] There are also bronchopulmonary lymph nodes on the hilum.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1111703", "text": "The mediastinal surface of the left lung has a large cardiac impression where the heart sits. This is deeper and larger than that on the right lung, at which level the heart projects to the left.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1113128", "text": "NBC Universal commissioned Universal Media Studios to produce an English-language version of the serial, using a different cast and script.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1113377", "text": "This concept of \"orthodoxy\" began to take on particular significance during the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine I, the first to actively promote Christianity. Constantine convened the first Ecumenical Council, the Council of Nicea, which attempted to provide the first universal creed of the Christian faith."}
{"id": "doc1113864", "text": "where rorbit is the radius of the Earth's orbit around the Sun."}
{"id": "doc1116765", "text": "Vincent van Gogh's \"Sunflowers\" paintings are some of the best-known 19th-century still-life paintings. Van Gogh uses mostly tones of yellow and rather flat rendering to make a memorable contribution to still-life history. His Still Life with Drawing Board (1889) is a self-portrait in still-life form, with Van Gogh depicting many items of his personal life, including his pipe, simple food (onions), an inspirational book, and a letter from his brother, all laid out on his table, without his own image present. He also painted his own version of a vanitas painting Still Life with Open Bible, Candle, and Book (1885).[58]"}
{"id": "doc1117345", "text": "\"Georgia\" probably stems from the Persian designation of the Georgians \u2013 gur\u011f\u0101n, in the 11th and 12th centuries adapted via Syriac gurz-\u0101n/gurz-iy\u0101n and Arabic \u0135ur\u0135an/\u0135urzan. Lore-based theories were given by the traveller Jacques de Vitry, who explained the name's origin by the popularity of St. George amongst Georgians,[11] while traveller Jean Chardin thought that \"Georgia\" came from Greek \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 (\"tiller of the land\"). As Prof. Alexander Mikaberidze adds, these century-old explanations for the word Georgia/Georgians are rejected by the scholarly community, who point to the Persian word gur\u011f/gur\u011f\u0101n (\"wolf\"[12]) as the root of the word.[13] Starting with the Persian word gur\u011f/gur\u011f\u0101n, the word was later adopted in numerous other languages, including Slavic and West European languages.[13][14] This term itself might have been established through the ancient Iranian appellation of the near-Caspian region, which was referred to as Gorgan (\"land of the wolves\"[15]).[13]"}
{"id": "doc1117614", "text": "With the creation of the Supreme Court of Calcutta in 1773 many Hindus of Bengal showed eagerness to learn the English language. David Hare, in collaboration with Raja Radhakanta Deb had already taken steps to introduce English education in Bengal. Babu Buddinath Mukherjee advanced the introduction of English as a medium of instruction further by enlisting the support of Sir Edward Hyde East, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Fort William who called a meeting of 'European and Hindu Gentlemen' in his house in May 1816. The purpose of the meeting was to \"discuss the proposal to establish an institution for giving a liberal education to the children of the members of the Hindu Community\". The proposal was received with unanimous approbation and a donation of over Rs. 100, 000 was promised for the setting up of the new college. Raja Ram Mohan Roy showed full sympathy for the scheme but chose not to come out in support of the proposal publicly for fear of \"alarming the prejudices of his orthodox countrymen and thus marring the whole idea\"."}
{"id": "doc1117624", "text": "The entrance of the campus is marked with a small guard house on the left. On the wall of the guard room is a plaque dedicated to durwan (guard) Ram Eqbal Singh, who died defending the institute from the rioters.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1119214", "text": "In 1982, the UN developed the World Charter for Nature, which recognized the need to protect nature from further depletion due to human activity. It states that measures need to be taken at all societal levels, from international to individual, to protect nature. It outlines the need for sustainable use of natural resources and suggests that the protection of resources should be incorporated into national and international systems of law.[21] To look at the importance of protecting natural resources further, the World Ethic of Sustainability, developed by the IUCN, WWF and the UNEP in 1990,[22] set out eight values for sustainability, including the need to protect natural resources from depletion. Since the development of these documents, many measures have been taken to protect natural resources including establishment of the scientific field and practice of conservation biology and habitat conservation, respectively."}
{"id": "doc1119543", "text": "The federal government in 1864\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1868 had authorized and chartered the Union Pacific Railroad and provided it with capital of $100 million, to complete a transcontinental line west from the Missouri River to the Pacific coast. The federal government offered to assist the railroad with a loan of $16,000 to $48,000 per mile, according to location, for a total of more than $60 million in all, and a land grant of 20 million acres, worth $50 to $100 million. The offer initially attracted no subscribers for additional financing, as the conditions were financially daunting."}
{"id": "doc1119544", "text": "The railroad would have to be built for 1,750 miles through desert and mountain, which would mean extremely high freight costs for supplies. In addition, there was the likely risk of armed conflict with hostile tribes of Indians, who occupied many territories in the interior, and no probable early business to pay dividends.[4] Moreover, and even more importantly, at the time there was no demand for railroad freight or passenger traffic for virtually the entire right-of-way (ROW) from the Missouri River to the California coast; since no towns or cities of any significance yet existed on the western prairies, there was neither commercial activity of any kind nor any commerce from Nebraska to the California border. Nor were there any branch lines running either north or south of the proposed ROW that would have been able to expand their traffic by connection with other future transcontinental railways. And finally, contrary to fiscal reality, the entire railroad scheme was being proposed as a \"going concern\"; that is, as a financially viable idea which could both be successfully built with only \"below-market\" financing and, thereafter, continue to function as a going business enterprise, earning its operating expenses through freight and passenger rail revenues while providing profits for investors, interest payments to the US government for its borrowed U.S. government capital (at the Federal funds rate, based upon the US government bond rates), and, ultimately, realizing the retirement of its debt to the U.S. government. Private capital recognized that the realization of the objectives and economic projections of this proposed model were impossible. There simply was not a foreseeable demand for freight or passenger service capable of generating sufficient revenues. As a result, private investors refused to invest."}
{"id": "doc1119808", "text": "The quest to achieve a First Transcontinental Railroad across the U.S. was delayed somewhat by the American Civil War before being finally completed in May 1869. There followed a rush to complete additional railway lines to open up new frontier areas for economic development, a situation in which the United States government and the great railroad companies of the day maintained a common interest. Rather than directly undertaking railroad construction as a public works project of the federal government, Congress granted cash loans and grants of public land to subsidize construction.[1] Some 129 million acres (52.2 million hectares) of public land was ultimately transferred from public ownership to the privately owned railways as part of this process.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1121527", "text": "Pharaoh Taharqa's reign and that of his eventual successor, his cousin Tantamani, were filled with constant conflict with the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Around 670 BC, emperor Esarhaddon (681\u00e2\u20ac\u201c669 BCE) conquered Lower Egypt, but allowed local kingdoms there to exist in order to enlist them as his allies against the Kushite rulers of Upper Egypt, who had been accepted with reluctance."}
{"id": "doc1121529", "text": "In 664 BCE, the Assyrians laid the final blow, sacking Thebes and Memphis. The same year, Taharqa died. The new Kushite king, Tantamani (664\u2013653 BCE), killed Necho I that same year when he tried to invade Lower Egypt. However, Tantamani was unable to defeat the Assyrians, who backed Necho\u2019s son, Psamtik I. Tantamani eventually abandoned his attempt to conquer Lower Egypt and retreated to Napata. However, his authority over Upper Egypt was acknowledged until the 8th regnal year of his reign at Thebes (or 656 BC), when Psamtik I dispatched a naval fleet to Upper Egypt and succeeded in placing all of Egypt under his control."}
{"id": "doc1124580", "text": "Chalcatzingo, in Valley of Morelos, central Mexico, which features Olmec-style monumental art and rock art with Olmec-style figures."}
{"id": "doc1124677", "text": "An example of infinite recursion in C."}
{"id": "doc1124683", "text": "An example of a very large stack variable in C:"}
{"id": "doc1124783", "text": "Members of Congress in both houses are elected by direct popular vote. Senators are elected via a statewide vote and representatives by voters in each congressional district. Congressional districts are apportioned to the states, once every ten years, based on population figures from the most recent nationwide census. Each of the 435 members of the House of Representatives is elected to serve a two-year term representing the people of their district. Each state, regardless of its size, has at least one congressman or congresswoman. Each of the 100 members of the Senate is elected to serve a six-year term representing the people of their state. Each state, regardless of its size, has two senators. Senatorial terms are staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Each staggered group of one-third of the senators is called a 'class'. No state has both its senators in the same class.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1125024", "text": "Casting was problematic. Richard Pryor was Brooks' original choice to play the Sheriff Bart, but the studio, claiming his history of drug arrests made him uninsurable, refused to approve financing with Pryor as the star.[9] Cleavon Little was cast in the role, and Pryor remained as a writer. Brooks offered the other leading role, the Waco Kid, to John Wayne; he declined, deeming the film \"too blue\" for his family-oriented image, but assured Brooks that \"he would be the first one in line to see it.\"[11] Gig Young was cast, but he collapsed during his first scene from what was later determined to be alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and Gene Wilder was flown in to replace him.[12][13] Johnny Carson and Wilder both turned down the Hedley Lamarr role before Harvey Korman was cast.[14] Madeline Kahn objected when Brooks asked to see her legs during her audition. \"She said, 'So it\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s THAT kind of an audition?'\" Brooks recalled. \"I explained that I was a happily married man and that I needed someone who could straddle a chair with her legs like Marlene Dietrich in Destry Rides Again. So she lifted her skirt and said, 'No touching.'\"[15]"}
{"id": "doc1127543", "text": "The city of Whittier also hosts film crews for various motion picture, television and feature films. In Robert Zemeckis' Back to the Future trilogy of time travel adventure movies (1985, 1989, 1990), Whittier High School was used as Hill Valley High School. Michael J. Fox's character travels back in time on the huge parking lot of the Puente Hills Mall in the City of Industry that served as the location of the fictitious Twin Pines Mall / Lone Pine Mall. The Gamble House in Pasadena provided the exterior of Christopher Lloyd's character's 1950s mansion. The city of El Monte served as a dilapidated future neighborhood. Another movie starring Fox, Teen Wolf. was largely filmed in Arcadia. The Pasadena Chapter building of the Red Cross served as JAG Headquarters for the TV series JAG, and the Caltech campus is regularly seen as the \"Cal Sci\" campus in the TV series Numb3rs. The actual house used as the residence of the main characters is also located in the southern end of Pasadena. Uptown Whittier was a principal location for the 1987 release Masters of the Universe, and many scenes of the film show the buildings of the neighborhood as they appeared before most of them were damaged or destroyed by the Whittier Narrows earthquake of that year. Forrest Gump (1994), starring Tom Hanks, was partially filmed at East Los Angeles College in Monterey Park. The downtown portion of Myrtle Avenue in Monrovia has been used in many movies and television commercials. Multiple locations throughout Monrovia also played the role of the fictitious Rome, WI in the TV series Picket Fences.Pinky's Record Store in Friday; The 90s television show Roswell filmed in Covina, most noticeably the downtown area. Most recently, the former location of a now closed IKEA in the City of Industry was used to film scenes in the movie Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), starring Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt. Across the street from the defunct IKEA is Speed Zone, an amusement center with 4 race tracks, it has been featured in the films Guess Who and Clerks 2 and on TV in Melrose Place (2009 TV series), Coordinates: 34\u00b006\u203207\u2033N 118\u00b006\u203210\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff34.10194\u00b0N 118.10278\u00b0W\ufeff / 34.10194; -118.10278 CSI: Miami, Hell's Kitchen, Attack of the Show!, Freaks And Geeks, and more.[55]"}
{"id": "doc1128302", "text": "There are several explanations about the etymology of this name:"}
{"id": "doc1128770", "text": "Under the Constitution, Congress can vest these courts with jurisdiction to hear cases involving the Constitution or federal law and certain cases involving disputes between citizens of different states or countries. Article III includes provisions to protect the courts against influence by the other branches of government: judges may not have their salaries reduced during their tenure in office, and their appointment is for life (barring impeachment)."}
{"id": "doc1129694", "text": "Jack has become increasingly annoyed with his disruptive neighbours. He takes a walk with Victor to their local pub, the Clansman, as they complain about their run-down Glasgow neighbourhood, Craiglang. On the way, Jack attempts to persuade Victor to let Jack move into his spare room, an idea which Victor is strongly opposed to. However, the pair hear from Isa (who lives on the same floor as Victor in the Osprey Heights tenements) that the owner of the flat next to Victor's, old man Hannigan, has just died. Jack immediately latches onto the idea of moving into the flat, and, under the guise of being mourners at Hannigan's wake, he and Victor examine it, managing to embarrass themselves hugely in the process. Reasonably pleased with what he has seen, Jack makes plans to move into the flat. However, the beat-up removals lorry cheaply arranged to move Jack's furniture, bursts into flames shortly after setting off on the journey to Osprey Heights, destroying all of Jack's belongings. Meanwhile, Winston is trying to train his grandson, Joe, for a boxing match. Despite Joe's short, scrawny build and obvious lack of talent for the sport, Winston keeps pushing him, much to the annoyance of everyone else, who clearly see that there is nothing in it. During the fight (shown in a brief post-credits sequence), Joe is flattened within seconds."}
{"id": "doc1129916", "text": "The perpetual resource concept is a complex one because the concept of resource is complex and changes with the advent of new technology (usually more efficient recovery), new needs, and to a lesser degree with new economics (e.g. changes in prices of the material, changes in energy costs, etc.).  On the one hand, a material (and its resources) can enter a time of shortage and become a strategic and critical material (an immediate exhaustibility crisis), but on the other hand a material can go out of use, its resource can proceed to being perpetual if it was not before, and then the resource can become a paleoresource when the material goes almost completely out of use (e.g. resources of arrowhead-grade flint).  Some of the complexities influencing resources of a material include the extent of recyclability, the availability of suitable substitutes for the material in its end-use products, plus some other less important factors."}
{"id": "doc1130168", "text": "(Episodes) 45 minutes"}
{"id": "doc1130696", "text": "The production planned to tour the UK again beginning in September 2017, with cast and further dates to be announced.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1131204", "text": "In an interview with The Quietus the English songwriter and musician John Lydon cited the poem as a favourite.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1132252", "text": "The Uniform Power of Attorney Act employs the term agent.[3] As an agent, an attorney-in-fact is a fiduciary for the principal, so the law requires an attorney-in-fact to be completely honest with and loyal to the principal in their dealings with each other."}
{"id": "doc1132271", "text": "In English and Welsh law, anyone with capacity can grant a power of attorney. These can be general (i.e., to do anything which can legally be done by an attorney), or relate to a specific act (e.g., to sell freehold property). A power of attorney is only valid while the donor has the capacity to ratify the attorney's actions, unless it is made in the form of a lasting power of attorney and registered with the Office of the Public Guardian.[citation needed] This new form of power of attorney was introduced in 2007 under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and replaced the former enduring power of attorney, although EPAs correctly made before the law changed are still valid. EPAs only need to be registered if the donor has since lost capacity."}
{"id": "doc1132967", "text": "It is remembered chiefly for its refrain, which goes:"}
{"id": "doc1133242", "text": "The primary circadian clock in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep\u00e2\u20ac\u201cwake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. The retina of the eye contains \"classical\" photoreceptors (\"rods\" and \"cones\"), which are used for conventional vision. But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.[45]"}
{"id": "doc1134636", "text": "\""}
{"id": "doc1135778", "text": "In Malaysia and Singapore this vehicle is commonly known as Kapcai or Kapchai, a slang word derived from Cantonese, being a combination of the word \"Cub\" from the word Honda Cub and \"\u4ed4\" in Chinese. In Cantonese, \"\u4ed4\" (pronounced \"jai\", or in pinyin \"zai\") means \"little\" (or its derivatives, e.g. \"small\", \"mini\", etc.). Therefore,\"Kapcai\" literally means a \"Little Cub\". With Honda being a very popular brand in Malaysia, all underbone motorbikes have come to be called \"kapchai\". In Indonesia, it is called \"motor bebek\"[better\u00a0source\u00a0needed][7] (literally means \"duck bike\"). In Greece is known as Papi or Papaki, a slang that also means duck."}
{"id": "doc1136161", "text": "The English aristocratic Spencer family has resided at their ancestral home at Althorp, Northamptonshire, since the early 16th century. The Estate now covers 14,000 acres (57\u00c2\u00a0km2) in Northamptonshire, Warwickshire and Norfolk. From pre-Tudor times the Spencers had been farmers, coming to prominence in Warwickshire in the 15th century when John Spencer became feoffee of Wormleighton in 1469, and a tenant at Althorp in 1486. His nephew, another John, used the gains from trade in livestock and commodities to buy both properties. He was knighted in 1504 and died in 1522. John's descendants expanded the family holdings through business dealings and marriage into the peerage. The family is related through marriage to the Churchills of Blenheim Palace, a line that included the Dukes of Marlborough and Winston Churchill. From the Althorp line came the Earls of Sunderland, the later Dukes of Marlborough, and the Earls Spencer. The family captured international attention when Lady Diana Frances Spencer married Prince Charles on 29 July 1981, and her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997.[37]"}
{"id": "doc1136713", "text": "In the Abrahamic religions, fallen angels are angels who have sinned against God and were expelled from Heaven. They are former agents of God and the enemies of God and humanity. The term \"fallen angel\" does not appear in the Bible, but it is used of angels who sinned, such as those referred to in 2 Peter 2:4: \"For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment\". It is also used to describe angels cast down to the Earth during the War in Heaven, as well as Satan (who is distinct from Lucifer, particularly in Luciferianism),[1] demons,[2] and certain Watchers.[3] A similar notion can be found in Nahj al-Balagha, an Islamic collection of sermons, letters, and narrations attributed to Ali: \"Allah, the Glorified One, will not let a human being enter paradise if he does the same thing for which Allah turned an angel from it\".[4] Al-Tha'alibi related in his Qisas Al-Anbiya a tradition, in which Satan is held to be chained in the lowest hell in the midst of the rebel angels.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1136735", "text": "Further references to fallen angels can be found in some Shia accounts. In a narrative from Ja'far al-Sadiq, Idris met an angel, which the wrath of God fell upon, and his wings and hair were cut off; after Idris prayed for him to God, his wings and hair were restored. In return they become friends and in request the angel took Idris to the Heavens to meet the angel of death.[52]"}
{"id": "doc1136780", "text": "Mike first appears after he is sent to remove all evidence of drugs from Jesse's apartment and to coach him on how to interact with authorities after Jesse wakes from his heroin-induced sleep to find his girlfriend Jane dead, having choked on her own vomit."}
{"id": "doc1136889", "text": "In 2000, while filming Campfire Stories in Hamburg, New Jersey, Sigler was paralyzed from the waist down for several days by Lyme disease.[8] Sigler played the title role in Cinderella on tour and at The Theatre at Madison Square Garden in 2001.[9] She then spent five months on Broadway from October 2002 through February 2003 playing Belle in Beauty and the Beast. She has continued to appear in theatrical roles."}
{"id": "doc1138037", "text": "The song is also the theme to the BBC Radio sitcom North by Northamptonshire."}
{"id": "doc1138522", "text": "Many businesses are operated through a separate entity such as a corporation or a partnership (either formed with or without limited liability). Most legal jurisdictions allow people to organize such an entity by filing certain charter documents with the relevant Secretary of State or equivalent, and complying with certain other ongoing obligations. The relationships and legal rights of shareholders, limited partners, or members are governed partly by the charter documents and partly by the law of the jurisdiction where the entity is organized. Generally speaking, shareholders in a corporation, limited partners in a limited partnership, and members in a limited liability company are shielded from personal liability for the debts and obligations of the entity, which is legally treated as a separate \"person\". This means that unless there is misconduct, the owner's own possessions are strongly protected in law if the business does not succeed."}
{"id": "doc1139136", "text": "Also notice that the dual parent and solo parent charts use different income ranges so that direct comparison between the two should be undertaken with care."}
{"id": "doc1141073", "text": "The state religion of the empire was polytheistic, worshiping a diverse pantheon that included dozens of deities. Many had officially recognized cults large enough so that the deity was represented in the central temple precinct of the capital Tenochtitlan. The imperial cult, specifically, was that of Huitzilopochtli, the distinctive warlike patron god of the Mexica. Peoples in conquered provinces were allowed to retain and freely continue their own religious traditions, so long as they added the imperial god Huitzilopochtli to their local pantheons."}
{"id": "doc1141791", "text": "The federal nature of the Commonwealth and the structure of the Parliament of Australia were the subject of protracted negotiations among the colonies during the drafting of the Constitution. The House of Representatives is elected on a basis that reflects the differing populations of the States. Thus New South Wales has 48 members while Tasmania has only five.  But the Senate is elected on a basis of equality among the States: all States elect 12 Senators, regardless of population. This was intended to allow the Senators of the smaller States to form a majority and thus be able to amend or reject bills originating in the House of Representatives. The ACT and the NT each elect two Senators."}
{"id": "doc1142095", "text": "Animated films Open Season, and The Ant Bully, were released in analog 3D in 2006. Monster House and The Nightmare Before Christmas were released on XpanD 3D, RealD and Dolby 3D systems in 2006."}
{"id": "doc1142116", "text": "In 2004 The Polar Express was the first stereoscopic 3D computer-animated feature film. The 3D version was solely release in Imax theaters. In November 2005, Walt Disney Studio Entertainment released Chicken Little in digital 3D format, being Disney's first CGI-animated film in 3D. The film was converted from 2D into 3D in post production.  nWave Pictures' Fly Me To The Moon 3D (2008) was actually the first animated film created for 3D and released exclusively in 3D in digital theaters around the world.  No other animation films have released solely in 3D since.  The first 3D feature by DreamWorks Animation, Monsters vs Aliens, followed in 2009 and used a new digital rendering process called InTru3D, which was developed by Intel to create more realistic animated 3D images. InTru3D is not used to exhibit 3D films in theaters; they are shown in either RealD 3D or IMAX 3D."}
{"id": "doc1144972", "text": "The project was first announced on March 4, 2016, which stated that Disney is developing The Nutcracker and the Four Realms, with Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m set to direct, continuing its model of developing classic fairy tales. The project is based on The Nutcracker and the Mouse King by E. T. A. Hoffmann, with Ashleigh Powell on board to write the script.[13] On July 27, 2016, it was announced that Mackenzie Foy was cast as the lead of the film as Clara.[2] Misty Copeland confirmed joining the project via her Instagram and that she will play the lead ballerina role in the sole dance sequence in the film.[7] Variety reported on July 29, 2016, that Morgan Freeman was joining the cast.[5] On August 16, 2016, it was revealed that Keira Knightley will play the Sugar Plum Fairy.[3] Helen Mirren was cast on August 25, 2016 as the villainous Mother Ginger.[4] The Mexican actor Eugenio Derbez confirmed his participation on the film on March 21, 2017 as the Flower Realm King.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1145120", "text": "Lilly appears very briefly in the comic series. She, along with other townsfolk from the community of Woodbury are rallied against a group at the prison led by Rick Grimes after they are made out by Philip Blake / The Governor to be savages and a threat to their well-being. Once arriving at the prison and engaging in an intense firefight, she is ordered by Philip to kill Lori Grimes. After shooting them, Lilly is horrified to discover that Lori had been holding a baby [Judith] while attempting to escape and crushed Judith. When a large crowd of zombies breaks through into the prison yard, Lilly shoots The Governor in the back of the head as revenge for forcing her to kill a mother and child. She kicks him into the horde, and is ripped apart while attempting to lead the remnants of the Woodbury survivors into the prison. Lilly's continued adventures are presented in the Walking Dead novels."}
{"id": "doc1148543", "text": "The originating concept behind the first Volkswagen, the company, and its name, is the notion of a people\u2019s car \u2013 a car affordable and practical enough for common people to own.[19] Hence the name, which is literally \"people's car\" in German, pronounced [\u02c8f\u0254lksva\u02d0\u0261\u0259n]). Although the Volkswagen was mainly the brainchild of Ferdinand Porsche and Adolf Hitler,[20] the idea is much older than Nazism, and existed since mass-produced cars came around.[19] Contrary to the United States, where the Ford Model T had become the first car to motorize the masses, contributing to household car ownership of about 33% in 1920 and some 46% in 1930 \u2014 by the early 1930s, the German auto industry was still mostly limited to luxury models, and the average German could rarely afford anything more than a motorcycle. As a result, only one German out of 50 owned a car.[21]"}
{"id": "doc1148551", "text": "On 26 May 1938, Hitler laid the cornerstone for the Volkswagen factory in Fallersleben.[13] He gave a speech, in which he named the car Kraft-durch-Freude-Wagen (\"Strength Through Joy Car\", usually abbreviated to KdF-Wagen).[34] The name refers to Kraft durch Freude ('Strength Through Joy'), the official leisure organization of Nazi Germany. The model village of Stadt des KdF-Wagens was created near Fallersleben in Lower Saxony in 1938 for the benefit of the workers at the newly built factory."}
{"id": "doc1149306", "text": "The founders and activists as well had different occupations and practiced a wide range of high and middle-status occupations, and many pursued more than one career simultaneously. However, the more influential founding fathers were trained and professional barristers and lawyers.[citation needed] Notable activist, Sir Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed, was a mathematician who helped forming in the first educational policy of the country.[citation needed] Ra'ana Ali Khan was an economist; and Abu Bakr Ahmad, a political scientist; M.M. Sharif, a philosopher; and Shaukat Hyatt Khan, an officer in the British Army, are the quiet few notable personalities who played an integrated role in the movement.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1149597", "text": "Scientific method began developing in the Muslim world, where significant progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from c. 1000, in his Book of Optics.[55] The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the \"first scientist\" for his development of the modern scientific method.[56]"}
{"id": "doc1149626", "text": "Modern geology, like modern chemistry, gradually evolved during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Beno\u00eet de Maillet and the Comte de Buffon saw the Earth as much older than the 6,000 years envisioned by biblical scholars. Jean-\u00c9tienne Guettard and Nicolas Desmarest hiked central France and recorded their observations on some of the first geological maps. Aided by chemical experimentation, naturalists such as Scotland's John Walker,[111] Sweden's Torbern Bergman, and Germany's Abraham Werner created comprehensive classification systems for rocks and minerals\u2014a collective achievement that transformed geology into a cutting edge field by the end of the eighteenth century. These early geologists also proposed a generalized interpretations of Earth history that led James Hutton, Georges Cuvier and Alexandre Brongniart, following in the steps of Steno, to argue that layers of rock could be dated by the fossils they contained: a principle first applied to the geology of the Paris Basin. The use of index fossils became a powerful tool for making geological maps, because it allowed geologists to correlate the rocks in one locality with those of similar age in other, distant localities. Over the first half of the 19th century, geologists such as Charles Lyell, Adam Sedgwick, and Roderick Murchison applied the new technique to rocks throughout Europe and eastern North America, setting the stage for more detailed, government-funded mapping projects in later decades."}
{"id": "doc1150456", "text": "In combat the fate of the future we'll settle,"}
{"id": "doc1151104", "text": "Following the American Revolution, statesmen from Delaware were among the leading proponents of a strong central United States with equal representation for each state."}
{"id": "doc1152526", "text": "The Moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always showing the same face, with its near side marked by dark volcanic maria that fill the spaces between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent impact craters. As seen from the Earth, it is the second-brightest regularly visible celestial object in Earth's sky, after the Sun. Its surface is actually dark, although compared to the night sky it appears very bright, with a reflectance just slightly higher than that of worn asphalt. Its gravitational influence produces the ocean tides, body tides, and the slight lengthening of the day."}
{"id": "doc1152614", "text": "This position places its holder in leadership of the nation and in control over all matters of internal and foreign policy.[6] The last holder of this position was Shahid Khaqan Abbasi who was replaced by caretaker Prime Minister Nasirul Mulk on 1 June 2018. The Prime Minister is elected by the members of the National Assembly and therefore is usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament. The Constitution of Pakistan vests the executive powers in the Prime Minister, who is responsible for appointing the Cabinet as well as running the executive branch, taking and authorising executive decisions, appointments and recommendations that require executive confirmation of the Prime Minister.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1152620", "text": "From 1988 to 1993, the power struggle between the Prime Minister and Presidency continued with President dismissing the National Assembly on three different occasions. At the 1997 elections, the PML(N) secured a two-thirds majority in the Parliament and drafted the XIII and XIV Amendments to reverse the eighth amendment to the Constitution; this allowed Nawaz Sharif to centralize more executive powers.[18] After the draw down of civil-military relations in 1999, Chairman joint chiefs General Pervez Musharraf staged a coup d'\u00e9tat against the PML(N)'s government and held nationwide elections in 2002.[19]"}
{"id": "doc1152621", "text": "With no party gaining a majority, a coalition was formed with the PML(Q)\u00a0\u2013 a breakaway of the PML(N) and a pro-Musharraf party\u00a0\u2013 leading with MQM. After some political wrangling, Zafarullah Jamali became the Prime Minister, and passed the XVII amendment which partially restored the power of the President to dissolve the National Assembly, but made the dissolution subject to the Supreme Court of Pakistan's approval.[20]"}
{"id": "doc1153299", "text": "Television episodes and productions filmed there include: Rawhide, Gunsmoke, Little House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven, Father Murphy, Carniv\u00e0le, and The Thorn Birds.[1][4] Other films shot here include Coming to America (1988) starring Eddie Murphy, The Yellow Rose (1983-84), Tales from the Crypt (1989\u20131996), Sidekicks (1974), The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991) and Siringo (1996).[5]"}
{"id": "doc1153924", "text": "Moreover, the writing for purposes of satisfying the statute of frauds does not need to be the actual contract. It might be a letter, memorializing and formalizing an oral arrangement already made over the phone. Therefore, the signed writing does not need to contain all of the terms that the parties agreed to. At common law, only the essential terms were required in the signed writing. Under the UCC, the only term that must be present in the writing is the quantity. The writing also does not need to be one document, but if there are multiple documents, they must all obviously refer to the same transaction, and they all must be signed. The signature itself does not need to be a full name. Any mark made with the intent to authenticate the writing is satisfactory, such as initials or even such as an X by an illiterate party."}
{"id": "doc1154433", "text": "In late 2017, Ward was seen promoting the Batman television series and other classic television series on the MeTV television network."}
{"id": "doc1154850", "text": "The on-location scenes of The Amityville Horror were filmed at a private residence in Toms River, New Jersey, which had been converted to look like the 112 Ocean Avenue home after authorities in Amityville denied permission for filming on the actual location.[5] Exterior scenes were also filmed in Toms River and Point Pleasant Beach. Local police and ambulance workers would play extras in the film, while the Toms River Volunteer Fire Company was used to provide the rain during several scenes. Indoor shots were filmed at the MGM studio lot in Los Angeles, California.[6][7]"}
{"id": "doc1155053", "text": "Among the categories of bacteria most known to infect patients are the category MRSA (resistant strain of S. aureus), member of gram-positive bacteria and Acinetobacter (A. baumannii), which is gram-negative. While antibiotic drugs to treat diseases caused by gram-positive MRSA are available, few effective drugs are available for Acinetobacter. Acinetobacter bacteria are evolving and becoming immune to existing antibiotics, so in many cases, polymyxin-type antibacterials need to be used. \"In many respects it\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s far worse than MRSA,\" said a specialist at Case Western Reserve University.[20]"}
{"id": "doc1155179", "text": "By the twentieth century, the industrial revolution had led to an exponential increase in the human consumption of resources. The increase in health, wealth and population was perceived as a simple path of progress. However, in the 1930s economists began developing models of non-renewable resource management (see Hotelling's rule) and the sustainability of welfare in an economy that uses non-renewable resources."}
{"id": "doc1155180", "text": "Concerns about the environmental and social impacts of industry had been expressed by some Enlightenment political economists and in the Romantic movement of the 1800s. Overpopulation had been discussed in an essay by Thomas Malthus (see Malthusian catastrophe), while John Stuart Mill foresaw the desirability of a stationary state economy, thus anticipating concerns of the modern discipline of ecological economics.[67][68][69][70][71]"}
{"id": "doc1155687", "text": "The film premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on 22 January 2016 and was released in cinemas on 31 March 2016 in New Zealand by Madman Entertainment and The Orchard. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in America on 25 October 2016 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment."}
{"id": "doc1156527", "text": "It is revealed that Eleven woke up in the Upside Down shortly after having destroyed the creature, and returned to the human world; however, with the government forces still searching for her, she was forced to flee into the forest, where she struggled to survive. She found the eggos Hopper left for her, and followed them to him. After this, the two move into a cabin in the woods where he forbids her to leave, fearing for her safety. Hopper hides Eleven for almost a year, telling no one of her whereabouts. During this time, Eleven has managed to gain better control over her powers; she is less weakened by the use of her telekinesis, and she is now able to project her mind into other dimensions without the use of a sensory deprivation tank. She uses the latter ability to listen to Mike's attempts to contact her, though she is increasingly frustrated at her inability to reply. Eleven also significantly expands her vocabulary during this time, learning from Hopper and television."}
{"id": "doc1156528", "text": "Eleven becomes restless and longs to reunite with Mike, and this causes tension between her and Hopper. She runs away from home one day and travels to Hawkins Middle School. When she finds Mike, he is with Max, a new student. Eleven mistakenly thinks that Max is Mike's new girlfriend and, out of spite, uses her powers to knock her off of her skateboard before leaving. Upon returning to the cabin, she gets into a heated argument with Hopper over her leaving the cabin, ending with her using her powers to damage the cabin out of anger. The next day, cleaning the mess she made of the cabin, she discovers by looking through records in the cabin's basement that her birth mother is alive, a contradiction to what Hopper had told her. She then goes to meet her birth mother, Terry, and her aunt, Becky, and discovers what happened to Terry at Hawkins Laboratory. While there, she realizes Terry is trying to talk with her, but due to her catatonic state, is unable to. Eleven, using her powers, views a flashback from her mother. Terry, after her daughter was taken from her, attempted to force her way into Hawkins Lab to save her. As a response, Brenner and his assistants captured her and subjected her to electroshock therapy, resulting in her current condition. Eleven then uses her abilities to find out she has a \"sister\"\u00a0\u2013 another gifted girl taken by Dr. Brenner for experimentations\u00a0\u2013 and sets out to find her."}
{"id": "doc1156828", "text": "On November 10, it was announced that Victoria Smurfit would return as Cruella De Vil for numerous episodes during the second half of the season,[29] beginning with the thirteenth episode, \"Labor of Love\".[84] On November 16, it was announced that Bailee Madison would be returning in the same episode to reprise her role as a young Snow White, joined by newcomers Jonathan Whitesell and Kacey Rohl, who will be portraying Hercules and Megara, respectively.[39] On December 3, 2015, the cast of the mid-season finale, \"Swan Song\", was revealed with Eric Keenleyside returning as Maurice,[85] Belle's father and Oliver Bell being introduced as a Young Killian.[85] On December 4, it was announced that Rachel Shelley would be reprising her role as Milah, Rumplestiltskin's ex-wife and Hook's ex-lover, for at least one episode in the second half of the season.[40] On December 8, it was announced that the character of Dorothy Gale (previously portrayed by Matreya Scarrwener) will be returning midway through the second half of the season to be portrayed by a new actress, as the character will be aged up to her late 20s-early 30s.[86] On December 18, it was revealed that the recurring role had been recast to Teri Reeves, who will be making her first appearance in the 16th episode of the season.[31] On January 8, 2016, it was announced that the character of Gaston from Beauty and the Beast will be reappearing in an upcoming episode in the back-half of the 5B arc. This marks his first appearance since the season one episode \"Skin Deep.\" Wes Brown will be taking over the role from Sage Brocklebank.[46] On February 9, it was announced that Ava Acres and Isabella Blake-Thomas were cast as young versions of Regina and Zelena, respectively. They will appear via flashbacks in the nineteenth episode, \"Sisters.\"[47] On February 18, it was announced that Costas Mandylor will be appearing as Captain Silver, a pirate from Hook's past.[42] On February 23, it was announced that Rya Kihlstedt had been cast as Cleo, Emma's former mentor, in a flashback to a time before Emma became a bail bonds woman.[48] On March 15, it was announced that Sam Witwer and Hank Harris will be appearing in the recurring roles of Jacob and Nathaniel for a mental hospital arc, starting at the end of this season and into the sixth season.[87]"}
{"id": "doc1157159", "text": "After his accession to the throne in 1910, George became sovereign of all the orders awarded by the British Empire and (later) Commonwealth, including those awarded him prior to his accession."}
{"id": "doc1159969", "text": "After the death of Anne with no living children, George Louis, the son of Sophia of Hanover\u2014granddaughter of James VI and I through his daughter Elizabeth\u2014was the closest heir to the throne who was not Catholic.[i]"}
{"id": "doc1160263", "text": "The concept of sustainable development can be traced to the energy (especially fossil oil) crisis and environmental pollution concerns of the 1960s and 1970s.[11] The Rachel Carson book, \u201cSilent Spring\u201d,[12] published in 1962, is considered to be one of the first initial efforts to describe sustainable development as related to green building.[13] The green building movement in the U.S. originated from the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices. There are a number of motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, modern sustainability initiatives call for an integrated and synergistic design to both new construction and in the retrofitting of existing structures. Also known as sustainable design, this approach integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used."}
{"id": "doc1160422", "text": "It appears in the pamphlet Haue with You to Saffron-Walden (published in 1596) written by Thomas Nashe (who mentions that the rhyme was already old and its origins obscure):[2]"}
{"id": "doc1160985", "text": "However, these dates and times do not represent the maxima and minima for observers on the Earth's surface."}
{"id": "doc1161950", "text": "Note: Varies by jurisdiction"}
{"id": "doc1162080", "text": "95 episodes (1995\u00e2\u20ac\u201c2000)"}
{"id": "doc1163498", "text": "Tin Toy gained Disney's attention, and the new team at The Walt Disney Company\u2014CEO Michael Eisner and chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg in the film division\u2014began a quest to get Lasseter to come back.[13] Lasseter, grateful for Jobs' faith in him, felt compelled to stay with Pixar, telling co-founder Ed Catmull, \"I can go to Disney and be a director, or I can stay here and make history.\"[13] Katzenberg realized he could not lure Lasseter back to Disney and therefore set plans into motion to ink a production deal with Pixar to produce a film.[13] Disney had always made all their movies in-house and refused to change this. But when Tim Burton, who used to work at Disney, wanted to buy back the rights to The Nightmare Before Christmas, Disney struck a deal allowing him to make it as a Disney movie outside the studio. This opened the door for Pixar to make their movies outside Disney.[14]"}
{"id": "doc1163509", "text": "The Pixar team came back with a new script three months later, with the character of Woody morphed from being a tyrannical boss of Andy's other toys to being their wise and caring leader. It also included a more adult-oriented staff meeting amongst the toys rather than a juvenile group discussion that had existed in earlier drafts. Buzz Lightyear's character was also changed slightly \"to make it more clear to the audience that he really doesn't realize he's a toy.\"[52] Katzenberg and Schneider approved the new approach, and by February 1994 the film was back in production.[49] The voice actors returned in March 1994 to record their new lines.[36] When production was greenlit, the crew quickly grew from its original size of 24 to 110, including 27 animators, 22 technical directors, and 61 other artists and engineers.[53][54] In comparison, The Lion King, released in 1994, required a budget of $45\u00a0million and a staff of 800.[53] In the early budgeting process, Jobs was eager to produce the film as efficiently as possible, impressing Katzenberg with his focus on cost-cutting. Despite this, the $17\u00a0million production budget was proving inadequate, especially given the major revision that was necessary after Katzenberg had pushed them to make Woody too edgy. Jobs demanded more funds to complete the film right and insisted that Disney was liable for the cost overruns. Katzenberg was not willing, and Ed Catmull was able to reach a compromise.[49]"}
{"id": "doc1163516", "text": "It was difficult for crew members to perceive the film's quality during much of the production process when the finished footage was in scattered pieces and lacked elements like music and sound design.[61] Some animators felt the film would be a significant disappointment commercially, but felt animators and animation fans would find it interesting.[61] According to Lee Unkrich, one of the original editors of Toy Story, a scene was cut out of the original final edit. The scene features Sid, after Pizza Planet, torturing Buzz and Woody violently. Unkrich decided to cut right into the scene where Sid is interrogating the toys because the creators of the movie thought the audience would be loving Buzz and Woody at that point.[64] Another scene, where Woody was trying to get Buzz's attention when he was stuck in the box crate, was shortened because the creators felt it would lose the energy of the movie.[64] Peter Schneider had grown optimistic about the film as it neared completion, and announced a United States release date of November, coinciding with Thanksgiving weekend and the start of the winter holiday season.[65]"}
{"id": "doc1163626", "text": "\u00e2\u20ac\u201c Harrison discussing Phil Spector's early involvement on the album"}
{"id": "doc1164435", "text": "Scenes that include the \"mailbox baseball\" game and the junkyard scenes were filmed in Veneta, Oregon. The junkyard is still in operation. The campout/standing guard scene was filmed in Eugene, Oregon, just a few miles from Veneta. The general store is in Franklin, Oregon, just north of Veneta. Scenes along the railroad tracks were shot near Cottage Grove, Oregon, along the Oregon, Pacific and Eastern Railway. The line was abandoned 1994; the roadbed was repurposed as the Row River National Recreation Trail."}
{"id": "doc1166624", "text": "The film is set, and was filmed in its entirety, in the geologically and historically rich Isle of Purbeck area of Dorset in South West England. The characters visit a number of significant points of interest including Corfe Castle, Stair Hole, Kimmeridge, Lulworth Cove and the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site. The location was chosen at the suggestion of the producer David Rose, who came from Purbeck: \"I told him about the quarries in the district and asked him to film everything out of doors, under the skies; he reneged only slightly on this condition \u00e2\u20ac\u201c there is one sequence of about one minute twenty seconds, in the Greyhound pub near Corfe Castle, and one short scene in a toilet. Apart from that, the only interiors are those of some very small tents.\"[3] The campsite used for filming was Corfe Castle Campsite, just outside Corfe Castle, which is still used as a campsite today. The quarry visited is Keats Quarry in Acton."}
{"id": "doc1167678", "text": "When the Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel in 722 BCE, Jerusalem was strengthened by a great influx of refugees from the northern kingdom. The First Temple period ended around 586 BCE, as the Babylonians conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and laid waste to Solomon's Temple.[113]"}
{"id": "doc1168119", "text": "The length of the mean solar day is slowly increasing due to the tidal acceleration of the Moon by the Earth and the corresponding slowing of Earth's rotation by the Moon."}
{"id": "doc1168954", "text": "The 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell,[22] which soon replaced the older term of (natural) philosopher. Among the most influential ideas of the 19th century were those of Charles Darwin (alongside the independent researches of Alfred Russel Wallace), who in 1859 published the book The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolution by natural selection. Another important landmark in medicine and biology were the successful efforts to prove the germ theory of disease. Following this, Louis Pasteur made the first vaccine against rabies, and also made many discoveries in the field of chemistry, including the asymmetry of crystals. In chemistry, Dmitri Mendeleev, following the atomic theory of John Dalton, created the first periodic table of elements. In physics, the experiments, theories and discoveries of Michael Faraday, Andre-Marie Ampere, James Clerk Maxwell, and their contemporaries led to the creation of electromagnetism as a new branch of science. Thermodynamics led to an understanding of heat and the notion of energy was defined. Other highlights include the discoveries unveiling the nature of atomic structure and matter, simultaneously with chemistry \u00e2\u20ac\u201c and of new kinds of radiation. In astronomy, the planet Neptune was discovered. In mathematics, the notion of complex numbers finally matured and led to a subsequent analytical theory; they also began the use of hypercomplex numbers. Karl Weierstrass and others carried out the arithmetization of analysis for functions of real and complex variables. It also saw rise to new progress in geometry beyond those classical theories of Euclid, after a period of nearly two thousand years. The mathematical science of logic likewise had revolutionary breakthroughs after a similarly long period of stagnation. But the most important step in science at this time were the ideas formulated by the creators of electrical science. Their work changed the face of physics and made possible for new technology to come about: Thomas Alva Edison gave the world a practical everyday lightbulb. Nikola Tesla pioneered the induction motor, high frequency transmission of electricity, and remote control. Other new inventions were electrical telegraphy and the telephone."}
{"id": "doc1169637", "text": "Colby appeared as Lieutenant Bill Cranston in Gotham in 2014.[4] In 2016, he starred as Ed Manion in the miniseries Madoff and from 2017 to 2018 Colby starred as Burleson in Empire.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1170314", "text": "In the 1994 episode of Family Matters, \"Stefan Returns\", Freddie Jackson (in a cameo) appears singing the song while Stefan and Laura were dancing."}
{"id": "doc1170374", "text": "Zimmerman eventually left his truck and walked down the sidewalk between Twin Trees Lane to Retreat View Circle and gave police an address on Retreat View Circle.[166] He told investigators that he was not following Martin but was \"just going in the same direction he was\" to find an address, but admitted that he had also left his truck to try to see in which direction Martin had gone.[162] The altercation began, he said, when Martin suddenly appeared while Zimmerman was walking back to his vehicle. He described Martin at different points in the interviews as appearing \"out of nowhere\", \"from the darkness\", and as \"jump[ing] out of the bushes\".[162][163] Zimmerman said that Martin asked, \"You got a fucking problem, homie?\" Zimmerman replied no, then Martin said \"You got a problem now\" and punched Zimmerman.[167] As they struggled on the ground, Zimmerman on his back with Martin on top of him, Zimmerman yelled for help \"probably 50 times\". (See Background yells for help in 9-1-1 calls) Martin told him to \"Shut the fuck up\" as he hit him in the face and pounded his head on a concrete sidewalk.[163] When Zimmerman tried to move off the concrete, Martin saw his gun and said \"You're going to die tonight motherfucker!\" Martin grabbed for the gun, but Zimmerman grabbed it first. He said after firing his weapon at Martin, he was not sure at first that he had hit him, so he got on top of him in order to subdue him.[162][163] Bystanders and police arrived shortly after Martin was shot.[168][169]"}
{"id": "doc1170390", "text": "In recordings of the 9-1-1 calls, yells for help are audible in the background. Zimmerman's family says it was Zimmerman yelling for help, Martin's family says it was Martin yelling for help, and independent audio analysts offer differing opinions as to who was yelling for help. During the trial, friends and family members of both Zimmerman and Martin testified as to who they thought the voice was, but expert testimony regarding voice identification was not allowed.[191]"}
{"id": "doc1170391", "text": "In an interview with prosecutors on March 19, Zimmerman's father identified the yells as George Zimmerman's, stating, \"There is no doubt who is yelling for help. It is absolutely my son.\" Other relatives of Zimmerman, including his brother, concur and are equally adamant.[192] During a bond hearing on June 29, the 9-1-1 recording was played in court, and Zimmerman's father testified that \"it was definitely George's\" voice heard yelling for help in the recorded 9-1-1 call.[193]"}
{"id": "doc1170851", "text": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth place"}
{"id": "doc1173346", "text": "In the modern era, the Speaker is elected at the beginning of the new Congress by a majority of the Representatives-elect from candidates separately chosen by the majority- and minority-party caucuses. In cases of an unexpected vacancy during a Congress a new Speaker is elected by a majority of the House from candidates previously chosen by the majority and minority parties.[1] While no rule exists, based on tradition and practice from the earliest days of the nation, to be elected speaker a candidate must receive an absolute majority of all votes cast for individuals, i.e. excluding those who abstain. If no candidate wins such a majority, then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected. There have been 14 instances of Speaker elections requiring multiple ballots.[1] The Speaker is traditionally the majority party's leader in the chamber, although unlike other House leadership, there is no Constitutional requirement that the speaker be an elected member of the House (every house speaker to date has been an elected member of the House).[2] The most recent election to occur mid-way through a Congress occurred on October 29, 2015, when it elected Congressman Paul Ryan of Wisconsin to the office."}
{"id": "doc1173469", "text": "The C programming language is type-safe in limited contexts; for example, a compile-time error is generated when an attempt is made to convert a pointer to one type of structure to a pointer to another type of structure, unless an explicit cast is used.  However, a number of very common operations are non-type-safe; for example, the usual way to print an integer is something like printf(\"%d\", 12), where the %d tells printf at run-time to expect an integer argument. (Something like printf(\"%s\", 12), which erroneously tells the function to expect a pointer to a character-string, may be accepted by compilers, but will produce undefined results.) This is partially mitigated by some compilers (such as gcc) checking type correspondences between printf arguments and format strings."}
{"id": "doc1173691", "text": "Creative destruction has also been linked to sustainable development. The connection was explicitly mentioned for the first time by Stuart L. Hart and Mark B. Milstein in their 1999 article Global Sustainability and the Creative Destruction of Industries,[59] in which he argues new profit opportunities lie in a round of creative destruction driven by global sustainability. (An argument which they would later on strengthen in their 2003 article Creating Sustainable Value[60] and, in 2005, with Innovation, Creative Destruction and Sustainability.[61]) Andrea L. Larson agreed with this vision a year later in Sustainable Innovation Through an Entrepreneurship Lens,[62] stating entrepreneurs should be open to the opportunities for disruptive improvement based on sustainability. In 2005, James Hartshorn (et al.) emphasized the opportunities for sustainable, disruptive improvement in the construction industry in his article Creative Destruction: Building Toward Sustainability.[63]"}
{"id": "doc1174709", "text": "Most English personal pronouns have five forms: the nominative and oblique case forms, the possessive case, which has both a determiner form (such as my, our) and a distinct independent form (such as mine, ours) (with two exceptions: the third person singular masculine and the third person singular neuter it, which use the same form for both determiner and independent [his car, it is his]), and a distinct reflexive or intensive form (such as myself, ourselves). The interrogative personal pronoun who exhibits the greatest diversity of forms within the modern English pronoun system, having definite nominative, oblique, and genitive forms (who, whom, whose) and equivalently coordinating indefinite forms (whoever, whomever, and whosever)."}
{"id": "doc1174737", "text": "The series was renewed for a 16-episode seventh season, which began on July 12, 2017.[1] As of September 13, 2017,[update] 102 episodes of Suits\u00c2\u00a0have aired."}
{"id": "doc1175661", "text": "It appears, however, that it is not known for certain when the name was first recorded."}
{"id": "doc1176070", "text": "Sounds as part of a linguistic system are called phonemes.[63] Phonemes are abstract units of sound, defined as the smallest units in a language that can serve to distinguish between the meaning of a pair of minimally different words, a so-called minimal pair. In English, for example, the words bat [b\u00e6t] and pat [p\u02b0\u00e6t] form a minimal pair, in which the distinction between /b/ and /p/ differentiates the two words, which have different meanings. However, each language contrasts sounds in different ways. For example, in a language that does not distinguish between voiced and unvoiced consonants, the sounds [p] and [b] (if they both occur) could be considered a single phoneme, and consequently, the two pronunciations would have the same meaning. Similarly, the English language does not distinguish phonemically between aspirated and non-aspirated pronunciations of consonants, as many other languages like Korean and Hindi do: the unaspirated /p/ in spin [sp\u026an] and the aspirated /p/ in pin [p\u02b0\u026an] are considered to be merely different ways of pronouncing the same phoneme (such variants of a single phoneme are called allophones), whereas in Mandarin Chinese, the same difference in pronunciation distinguishes between the words [p\u02b0\u00e1] 'crouch' and [p\u00e1] 'eight' (the accent above the \u00e1 means that the vowel is pronounced with a high tone).[64]"}
{"id": "doc1176632", "text": "In Bourne shell, operator -lt means \"less than\"."}
{"id": "doc1177572", "text": "Promotional music videos were released for both \"Lookin' at Me\" and \"24 Hrs. to Live.\""}
{"id": "doc1177694", "text": "Beam Spray Gun\nThe original gun of the RGM-79 GM. A small beam handgun which shoots rapidly and has a fast recharge rate. It causes weak damage however. Unlockable through the \"Extra Options\" menu."}
{"id": "doc1177731", "text": "All of Texas' thirty-six seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election in 2018.[49]"}
{"id": "doc1177855", "text": "As Christianity spread, it acquired certain members from well-educated circles of the Hellenistic world; they sometimes became bishops, but not always. They produced two sorts of works: theological and \"apologetic\", the latter being works aimed at defending the faith by using reason to refute arguments against the veracity of Christianity. These authors are known as the Church Fathers, and study of them is called patristics. Notable early Fathers include Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyons, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, and Origen of Alexandria."}
{"id": "doc1177870", "text": "Constantine also played an active role in the leadership of the Church. In 316, he acted as a judge in a North African dispute concerning the Donatist controversy. More significantly, in 325 he summoned the Council of Nicaea, the first Ecumenical Council. Constantine thus established a precedent for the emperor as responsible to God for the spiritual health of their subjects, and thus with a duty to maintain orthodoxy. The emperor was to enforce doctrine, root out heresy, and uphold ecclesiastical unity.[46]"}
{"id": "doc1177947", "text": "Under Ottoman rule, the Greek Orthodox Church acquired substantial power as an autonomous millet. The ecumenical patriarch was the religious and administrative ruler of the entire \"Greek Orthodox nation\" (Ottoman administrative unit), which encompassed all the Eastern Orthodox subjects of the Empire."}
{"id": "doc1179535", "text": "When this calculation is done for objects on the surface of the Earth, or aircraft that rotate with the Earth, one has to account for the fact that the Earth is rotating and the centrifugal acceleration has to be subtracted from this. For example, the equation above gives the acceleration at 9.820\u00a0m/s2, when GM = 3.986\u00d71014 m3/s2, and R=6.371\u00d7106 m. The centripetal radius is r = R cos(latitude), and the centripetal time unit is approximately (day / 2\u03c0), reduces this, for r = 5\u00d7106 metres, to 9.79379\u00a0m/s2, which is closer to the observed value."}
{"id": "doc1179550", "text": "The episode received generally positive reviews, and was largely described as an effective conclusion to the love triangle subplot. According to Nielsen Media Research, \"The Duel\" was seen by 8.35 million viewers. During its original American broadcast, it received particularly strong competition from the CBS drama series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, which that night featured the final appearance of actor William Petersen."}
{"id": "doc1181096", "text": "When a name is fully assimilated, the final vowel is often changed to inflectional o, rather than the o being added to the full root. As with borrowed common nouns, this may be criticized if the vowel is part of the root rather than inflectional in the source language, because the resulting form may not be readily recognized by native speakers of the source language. However, it is a common phenomenon in inflectional languages such as Russian or Latin. If a name is not fully assimilated, the accusative case may be tacked on with a hyphen, as -n if the name ends in a vowel, or as -on if it does not (Zamenhof-on)."}
{"id": "doc1182827", "text": "By the time the United States took control of the Panama Canal project on May 4, 1904, the Isthmus of Panama was notorious for tropical diseases. An estimated 12,000 workers had died during the construction of the Panama Railway and over 22,000 during the French effort to build a canal.[1] Many of these deaths were due to disease, particularly yellow fever and malaria. At several times, construction on the Panama Railway had actually halted due to the lack of healthy workers."}
{"id": "doc1183356", "text": "After Friends, Cox starred in the independent film November (2005) which had a limited theatrical release; costarred with Tim Allen in the critically derided Zoom (2006), and cameoed in the big-budget remake of The Longest Yard (2005) as Lena, the girlfriend of Paul Crewe (Adam Sandler). She voiced Daisy in the animated film Barnyard (2006). A Friends reunion film was rumored to be in production following the success of Sex and the City (2008),[17] but this has been denied by Warner Bros. and others."}
{"id": "doc1185297", "text": "\"As soon as I said it, it ruined everything. Everybody thought it was the worst thing you could ever say. Those words haunt me to this day, and will continue to haunt me. They overshadow what I've accomplished in this game.\"[56]"}
{"id": "doc1185427", "text": "Nichols' brother, Thomas, was a member of the Heaven's Gate cult. He died on March 26, 1997 in the cult's mass suicide that purposely coincided with the passing of the Hale-Bopp comet.[31] A member for 20 years,[32] he identified himself as the brother of Nichols in the group video tape prior to the event and left a final message saying: \"I'm the happiest person in the world.\"[33]"}
{"id": "doc1185579", "text": "Amtrak and the Florida East Coast Railway have been planning to make stations along Florida's East Coast. The cities talked about[by whom?] include: Stuart, Fort Pierce, Vero Beach, Melbourne, Titusville, Cocoa, Daytona Beach and St. Augustine, Florida.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1185589", "text": "FINALE (6) Joey Graceffa (Patch ripped off and spurted blood by Dr. Altagracia). Iman Crosson (Arms Ripped Off in Boiler Room). Meghan Camarena (Killed by Zombified Sam Pepper while trying to escape)."}
{"id": "doc1185713", "text": "Male guest:"}
{"id": "doc1185939", "text": "On January 9, 2018, Fox picked up three additional episodes for a total of 15.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1186883", "text": "It is the coming of the End Times: the Apocalypse is near, and Final Judgement will soon descend upon the human species. This comes as a bit of bad news to the angel Aziraphale (who was the guardian of the Eastern Gate of Eden) and the demon Crowley (who, when he was originally named Crawly, was the serpent who tempted Eve to eat the apple), respectively the representatives of Heaven and Hell on Earth, as they have become used to living their cozy, comfortable lives and have, in a perverse way, taken a liking to humanity. As such, since they are good friends (despite ostensibly representing the polar opposites of Good and Evil), they decide to work together and keep an eye on the Antichrist, destined to be the son of a prominent American diplomat stationed in Britain, and thus ensure he grows up in a way that means he can never decide between Good and Evil, thereby postponing the end of the world."}
{"id": "doc1187141", "text": "Rudd is a surname of English, Scottish, Welsh and Jewish origin."}
{"id": "doc1188058", "text": "The show premiered for two series on the British television channel Channel 4 on December 2011 and February 2013, respectively. After its addition to the catalogue in December 2014, Netflix purchased the programme in September 2015. It commissioned a series of 12 episodes later divided into the third and fourth series, each six episodes; the former was released on 21 October 2016 and the latter on 29 December 2017."}
{"id": "doc1189628", "text": "Wilhelm Dilthey (1833\u20131911), in contrast, fought strenuously against the assumption that only explanations derived from science are valid.[8] He reprised the argument, already found in Vico, that scientific explanations do not reach the inner nature of phenomena[8] and it is humanistic knowledge that gives us insight into thoughts, feelings and desires.[8] Dilthey was in part influenced by the historicism of Leopold von Ranke (1795\u20131886).[8]"}
{"id": "doc1189650", "text": "The modern academic discipline of sociology began with the work of \u00c9mile Durkheim (1858\u20131917). While Durkheim rejected much of the details of Comte's philosophy, he retained and refined its method, maintaining that the social sciences are a logical continuation of the natural ones into the realm of human activity, and insisting that they may retain the same objectivity, rationalism, and approach to causality.[23] Durkheim set up the first European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux in 1895, publishing his Rules of the Sociological Method (1895).[41] In this text he argued: \"[o]ur main goal is to extend scientific rationalism to human conduct... What has been called our positivism is but a consequence of this rationalism.\"[29]"}
{"id": "doc1189653", "text": "At the turn of the 20th century, the first wave of German sociologists formally introduced methodological antipositivism, proposing that research should concentrate on human cultural norms, values, symbols, and social processes viewed from a subjective perspective. Max Weber argued that sociology may be loosely described as a 'science' as it is able to identify causal relationships\u2014especially among ideal types, or hypothetical simplifications of complex social phenomena.[44] As a nonpositivist, however, one seeks relationships that are not as \"ahistorical, invariant, or generalizable\"[45] as those pursued by natural scientists. Weber regarded sociology as the study of social action, using critical analysis and verstehen techniques. The sociologists Georg Simmel, Ferdinand T\u00f6nnies, George Herbert Mead, and Charles Cooley were also influential in the development of sociological antipositivism, whilst neo-Kantian philosophy, hermeneutics, and phenomenology facilitated the movement in general."}
{"id": "doc1190303", "text": "Alfred reveals to Wayne that his parents collaborated with Falcone and Hill to control Gotham and had done it to secure his future. Wayne re-investigates the death of his parents at the hands of Joe Chill (Jarion Monroe) and discovers that it was not a mugging, but an assassination. Wayne confronts Falcone, now in police custody, where he claims that he had nothing to do with the Waynes' deaths before he is shot and killed by a drugged Renee Montoya (Krizia Bajos). Based on Montoya's testimony upon recovering from the drugs, Batman deduces that Cobblepot (now calling himself the \"Penguin\") had synthesized the stolen chemicals and was behind the assassination. After discovering that Cobblepot plans to kill Catwoman, Wayne arranges a meeting with Kyle where they fight off armed thugs sent by Cobblepot. Wayne and Alfred decrypt the phone of one of the thugs and uncover a voicemail between Hill and Cobblepot. Wayne confronts Hill (Robert Pescovitz) as either himself or as Batman where he reveals that he hired Cobblepot to leak information about the Waynes in order to discredit Dent's campaign."}
{"id": "doc1191951", "text": "The Rolling Stones"}
{"id": "doc1192026", "text": "Fan support of the 'Classic' series, while not as pronounced as in its heyday in the 1980s, has continued in light of the current revival of the program, with a huge resurgence in mainstream popularity that reached its peak at the height of Matt Smith's tenure as the Doctor. As of 2016, many annual fan-run events occur in America that are exclusively devoted to both 'generations' of the series: the popular Gallifrey One (which has been running annually since 1990) which takes place in February in the Los Angeles area; Chicago TARDIS (begun in 2000) taking place in late November; Hurricane Who (begun in 2009) taking place in Orlando; the Sci Fi Sea Cruise which runs out of different ports annually to destinations such as Mexico and the Caribbean; and such newer events as Long Island Who (New York), Regeneration Who (Maryland), WhoFestDFW (Texas), ConKasterborous (Alabama), Time Eddy (Kansas), Console Room (Minnesota), TimeGate (Georgia) and Anglicon (Washington state). In recent years, many major comic book/media events such as the very popular San Diego Comic Con and other local comic events, plus trade shows such as Wizard World and DragonCon, have featured top-billed Doctor Who actors as guest stars. Other local events, including those promoted by the Meetup.com website, have spawned local fan gatherings, including the Tampa Time Lord Fest in Florida and the \"Galliday\" themed event at Disneyland in southern California."}
{"id": "doc1192046", "text": "Neisseria meningitides has multiple type II restriction endonuclease systems that are employed in natural genetic transformation. Natural genetic transformation is a process by which a recipient bacterial cell can take up DNA from a neighboring donor bacterial cell and integrate this DNA into its genome by recombination. Although early work on restriction modification systems focused on the benefit to bacteria of protecting themselves against invading bacteriophage DNA or other foreign DNA, it is now known that these systems can also be used to restrict DNA introduced by natural transformation from other members of the same, or related species."}
{"id": "doc1192997", "text": "While they are filming in a supposedly safe Capitol neighborhood, Boggs, the team's commander, is killed. Before he dies, he puts Katniss in charge. She decides on her own to try to infiltrate the Capitol and kill Snow. Her team follows her. In the intense urban warfare that ensues, most of Katniss's comrades, including Finnick, are killed. Katniss perseveres alone. As she reaches Snow's mansion, a hoverplane drops parachutes carrying bombs, some of which explode among a group of children being used as human shields around the mansion. Rebel medics (including Katniss's sister Prim) rush in to help the injured children, but in a calculated move, the rest of the bombs go off, taking a heavy toll on the medics. Prim is killed and Katniss sustains severe burns, but the rebels succeed in taking the Capitol."}
{"id": "doc1197760", "text": "Although they lack a fovea, some diurnal lemurs have a cone-rich, although less clustered, area centralis.[88] This area centralis has a high rod-to-cone cell ratio in many diurnal species studied thus far, whereas diurnal anthropoids have no rod cells in their fovea. Once again, this suggests lower visual acuity in lemurs than in anthropoids.[90] Furthermore, the rod-to-cone cell ratio can be variable even among diurnal species. For instance, Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) and the indri (Indri indri) have only a few large cones scattered along their predominantly rod-dominated retina. The eyes of the ring-tailed lemur contain one cone to five rods. Nocturnal lemurs such as mouse lemurs and dwarf lemurs, on the other hand, have retinas made up entirely of rod cells.[20]"}
{"id": "doc1198819", "text": "Alternatively, the song can be interpreted to provide detailed information on Tom's story. The song refers an event happening much later, after \"Space Oddity.\" Ground control receives a message from the \"Action Man,\" referring to Tom, and he says \"I've loved all I've needed to love. Sordid details following...\".[4] He talks about how the shrieking of nothing is killing him, how all he has are his pictures of women to keep him company, and how he now has neither money nor hair. He wants to kick the habit but the planet is \"glowing;\" essentially he cannot quit whatever is influencing him\u2014and killing him\u2014because the feeling is too pleasurable and addictive. The exact source of the influence is not defined. The later verses seem to reflect more on Bowie's literal battle with addiction, specifically about wanting to stay clean but being stuck with a \"valuable friend.\" The song again refers directly to Tom toward the end, where he has become more of a legend, but not for his heroics. He has become a nursery rhyme in the minds of the public, with mothers warning against drug use by telling their children if they want \"to get things done, you'd better not mess with Major Tom.\" [4]"}
{"id": "doc1199221", "text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days is a novel written by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney, and is the fourth book in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series.[1]\nIt was released on October 12, 2009 in the USA and October 13, 2009, in Canada. The film, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days, released on August 3, 2012, was based on the book and its predecessor, The Last Straw."}
{"id": "doc1199279", "text": "The Festival Cervantino Barroco is held each year in the historic center featuring invited artists from various parts of Mexico and abroad. It is held in various forums in the city and includes concerts, plays, exhibitions and conferences.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1200685", "text": "The effect of a goto statement is to cause the next statement to be executed to be the statement appearing at (or immediately after) the indicated label."}
{"id": "doc1201849", "text": "In 1926 Vernadsky coined the term biogeochemistry as a sub-discipline of geochemistry.[36] However, the term nutrient cycle pre-dates biogeochemistry in a pamphlet on silviculture in 1899: \"These demands by no means pass over the fact that at places where sufficient quantities of humus are available and where, in case of continuous decomposition of litter, a stable, nutrient humus is present, considerable quantities of nutrients are also available from the biogenic nutrient cycle for the standing timber.[37]:12 In 1898 there is a reference to the nitrogen cycle in relation to nitrogen fixing microorganisms.[38] Other uses and variations on the terminology relating to the process of nutrient cycling appear throughout history:"}
{"id": "doc1202159", "text": "David Collins has said that he is interested in filming the next season of Queer Eye in the Midwest, and that he would like to bring the Fab Five to his hometown, Cincinnati, Ohio: \"I'm from Cincinnati, Ohio, born and raised. I would like to go the tristate region, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky, because you can base in Cincinnati and go across the bridge to Kentucky and go up the interstate to Indiana. The corn-fed midwestern folk are where I'm from \u00e2\u20ac\u201d and I love actually being from Ohio, it's a great place to be from.\"[5]"}
{"id": "doc1202333", "text": "The geosyncline concept was first developed by the American geologists James Hall and James Dwight Dana in the mid-19th century during the classic studies of the Appalachian Mountains.[1][4] \u00c9mile Haug actualized the geosyncline concept and \"reintroduced\" it to Europe with a 1900 publication.[5][6] Eduard Suess, a leading geologist of his time, disapproved the concept of geosyncline and argued in 1909 against its use due to its associated theories.[6][7] This did not stop further development of the concept by Leopold Kober and Hans Stille in the first half of the 20th century,[8] both of whom worked on a contracting Earth framework.[8] Stille and Kober had rather similar views.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1202504", "text": "The limited series began filming in September 2015[113] and was completed by April 2016.[112] It was shot continuously from a single, long-shooting script before being edited into separate episodes. The series premiered on May 21, 2017, and consists of 18 episodes.[114]"}
{"id": "doc1202814", "text": "With the exceptions of the dukedoms of Cornwall and Rothesay (which can only be held by the eldest son of the Sovereign), royal dukedoms are hereditary, according to the terms of the Letters Patent that created them, which usually contain the standard remainder to the \"heirs male of his body\". The British monarch also holds and is entitled to the revenues of the Duchy of Lancaster, and within the borders of the County Palatine of Lancashire is by tradition saluted as \"The Duke of Lancaster\". Even when the monarch is a Queen regnant, she does not use the title of Duchess."}
{"id": "doc1203769", "text": "The gang searches for the Golden Pumpkin before Captain Hook takes it."}
{"id": "doc1203840", "text": "Captain Hook kidnaps Queen Coralie, the mermaid ruler of Neptune City."}
{"id": "doc1203872", "text": "Captain Hook forgets where he buried his teddy bear's toy pirate ship, but he remembers when he's asleep and dreaming."}
{"id": "doc1204604", "text": "Discovered in 1953 by Jacques Monod and colleagues, the trp operon in E. coli was the first repressible operon to be discovered. While the lac operon can be activated by a chemical (allolactose), the tryptophan (Trp) operon is inhibited by a chemical (tryptophan). This operon contains five structural genes: trp E, trp D, trp C, trp B, and trp A, which encodes tryptophan synthetase. It also contains a promoter which binds to RNA polymerase and an operator which blocks transcription when bound to the protein synthesized by the repressor gene (trp R) that binds to the operator. In the lac operon, lactose binds to the repressor protein and prevents it from repressing gene transcription, while in the trp operon, tryptophan binds to the repressor protein and enables it to repress gene transcription. Also unlike the lac operon, the trp operon contains a leader peptide and an attenuator sequence which allows for graded regulation.[16] This is an example of the corepressible model."}
{"id": "doc1204609", "text": "Pascale Cossart's laboratory was the first to experimentally identify all operons of a microorganism, Listeria monocytogenes. The 517 polycistronic operons are listed in a 2009 study describing the global changes in transcription that occur in L. monocytogenes under different conditions.[19]"}
{"id": "doc1204806", "text": "Upon a demise of the Crown (the death or abdication of a sovereign), it is customary for the accession of the new monarch to be publicly proclaimed by the Governor-General on behalf of the Federal Executive Council, which meets at Government House, Canberra, after the accession. Parallel proclamations are made by the governors in each state.[21] Regardless of any proclamations, the late sovereign's heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony. Following an appropriate period of mourning, the monarch is also crowned in the United Kingdom, though this ritual is not necessary for a sovereign to reign; for example, Edward VIII was never crowned, yet was undoubtedly king during his short time on the throne. After an individual ascends the throne, he or she typically continues to reign until death. There is no provision in the law for a monarch to unilaterally abdicate; the only Australian monarch to abdicate, Edward VIII, did so as a consequence of abdicating as monarch of the United Kingdom, with which the Australian government had agreed.[citation needed][22]"}
{"id": "doc1205332", "text": "Al Weisel of Rolling Stone called the song a \"haunting ballad about a woman trapped in a bad relationship.\"[4] When \"Better Man\" was performed on VH1 Storytellers in 2006, Vedder introduced it as a song about \"abusive relationships.\"[5] Before a performance of the song at Pearl Jam's show on April 3, 1994 in Atlanta at the Fox Theatre, Vedder clearly said \"it's dedicated to the bastard that married my Momma.\" He was referring to his stepfather, Peter Mueller, a California attorney whom Vedder had long believed to be his biological father and who divorced his mother in the early 1980's.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1205818", "text": "Rebecca or Rebekah (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e7\u05b8\u05d4 (Rivkah)) is a feminine given name originating from the Hebrew language. The name comes from the verb \u05e8\u05d1\u05e7 (rbq), meaning \"to tie firmly\"; Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names and the NOBS Study Bible Name List suggest the name means \"snare\", \"noose\", \"tied up\", \"secured\", and even \"beautifully ensnaring\".[1] W. F. Albright held that it meant \"soil, earth\".[2]"}
{"id": "doc1206462", "text": "The series enjoyed a seven and a half-season run on NBC, drawing respectable, if not always high, ratings. As the shortened eighth and final season began (only 16 of 19 episodes produced were aired by NBC), Universal released a syndicated rerun package of episodes from earlier seasons under the title The Raymond Burr Show, reflecting the practice of that time to differentiate original network episodes from syndicated reruns whenever possible. After NBC's mid-season cancellation, however, the syndicated episodes reverted to the Ironside title."}
{"id": "doc1207260", "text": "Plaza de Mayo"}
{"id": "doc1207422", "text": "During the tour Eddie, still known to his band as Joe, begins to have more frequent flashbacks to his former life. His anger and pride peak when lead guitarist Rick Diesel calls a woman they met at gig who wants the band to audition for an upcoming music festival. Eddie's angry tirade is soothed by sax player Hilton Overstreet's cool demeanor and Rick's fast talking. Eddie caves into the band's desire to do the large public he so fears. He agrees under the condition that they lock themselves away in a cabin, where there are \"no distractions\" so they can get back to the music. The band begins to lose its momentum and Eddie's wrath finally explodes. He smashes his guitar into pieces and storms off. Hilton confronts him and says, \"It's a shame to destroy all those songs by Eddie Wilson.\" In one of the movie's defining moments, Hilton says, \"I knew who you were from the moment I heard you play. The way a man plays\u00e2\u20ac\u201dhe's born with it; like fingerprints.\" He suggests that Eddie has no destiny but musician Eddie Wilson and not Joe West, construction worker."}
{"id": "doc1208808", "text": "In 2007, the Football Association of Ireland and Scottish Football Association proposed the expansion of the tournament, which was later confirmed by the UEFA Executive Committee in September 2008.[57][58] Out of the 53 member associations of UEFA, only England and Germany opposed the expansion.[59] On 28 May 2010, UEFA announced that Euro 2016 would be hosted by France. France beat bids of Turkey (7\u20136 in voting in second voting round) and Italy, which had the least votes in first voting round.[60] UEFA Euro 2016 was the first to have 24 teams in the finals.[61] This was the third time France have hosted the competition. Portugal, which qualified for the knock-out phase despite finishing third in its group, went on to win the championship by defeating heavily favoured host team France 1\u20130 in the final, thanks to a goal from Eder in the 109th minute. Cristiano Ronaldo, Portugal's best player, came out of the game due to injury in the 25th minute. This was the first time Portugal won a major tournament."}
{"id": "doc1209437", "text": "Sport fishing attracted enthusiasts to Sarasota and the area because of the amazing bounty of the bay. Tarpon was the biggest draw, but gigantic gar as well as many other species abounded to attract people such as Owen Burns and Powel Crosley. The first settled permanently and became one of the most important developers of Sarasota and the second, who more typically, built a winter retreat here and participated in the sport via the clubs, organizations, and tournaments focused on fishing."}
{"id": "doc1210865", "text": "John is later wounded and encouraged to return home, but he re-enlists for a second time. Four years pass, and John is informed that his father has had a stroke - instead of being deployed with the rest of his unit, John is being sent home to be with his dad. When John arrives at the hospital, he learns that his father is alive, but in grave condition. In addition to reading his father articles from coin collectors' newsletter (which Mr. Tyree has collected, along with his beloved coins, for decades), John writes a letter to his father, which he reads to him at the hospital; John's voice-over at the beginning of the film was from this letter, in which he told his father that the first thing to cross his mind after he was shot was coins, and the last thing to cross his mind before he lost consciousness was his dad. Soon afterward, his father dies."}
{"id": "doc1211009", "text": "Subsistence farming continues today in large parts of rural Africa,[3] and parts of Asia and Latin America. Subsistence agriculture had largely disappeared in Europe by the beginning of World War I, and in North America with the movement of sharecroppers and tenant farmers out of the American South and Midwest during the 1930s and 1940s.[1] As recently as the 1950s, it was still common on family farms in North America and Europe to grow much of a family's own food and make much of its own clothing, although sales of some of the farm's production earned enough currency to buy certain staples, typically including sugar; coffee and tea; petroleum distillates (petrol, kerosene, fuel oil); textile products such as bolts of cloth, needles, and thread; medicines; hardware products such as nails, screws, and wire; and a few discretionary items such as candy or books. Many of the preceding items, as well as occasional services from physicians, veterinarians, blacksmiths, and others, were often bought with barter rather than currency. In Central and Eastern Europe subsistence and semi-subsistence agriculture reappeared within the transition economy since about 1990.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1212031", "text": "When Ben's sham marriage is discovered by an INS agent, he is told he is going to jail. He gets money together to pay a fine in lieu of jail time, but Sara tricks him into giving her the money so that she can go on the lam. At the end of the episode \"The Leak\", Cassidy drives Ben to jail, telling Sock \"When this is all over, my boyfriend will no longer be married\". Early in the next episode, \"Cancun,\" Ben arrives at the Work Bench disappointed that his friends forgot to pick him up after serving his eight-day sentence. It is revealed later that Cassidy broke up with him during the jail sentence."}
{"id": "doc1214168", "text": "\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson recorded for his sixth studio album Thriller (1982). It is the opening track of the album and was released as its fourth single on May 8, 1983 by Epic Records. The song was written, composed by Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones (with Jackson as co-producer)."}
{"id": "doc1214542", "text": "Senator William H. Seward from New York"}
{"id": "doc1214905", "text": "After Hezekiah became sole ruler in c. 715 BCE, he formed alliances with Ashkelon and Egypt, and made a stand against Assyria by refusing to pay tribute.[31] (Isaiah 30\u201331; 36:6\u20139) In response, Sennacherib of Assyria attacked the fortified cities of Judah. (2 Kings 18:13) Hezekiah paid three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold to Assyria \u2013 requiring him to empty the temple and royal treasury of silver and strip the gold from the doorposts of Solomon's Temple. (2 Kings 18:14\u201316)[31] However, Sennacherib besieged Jerusalem[32] (2 Kings 18:17) in 701 BCE, though the city was never taken."}
{"id": "doc1216309", "text": "An FLP can also be formed as a family limited liability company (FLLC), which offers legal advantages over an LP. While the GP of an FLP is personally liable for all debts and obligations of the FLP. no \"member\" (instead of \"partner\") of a FLLC is personally liable. Furthermore, in an FLLC, there are no restrictions on members participating in management, unlike the restrictions on LPs. A FLLC is often managed by a group of \"managing members\" or one or more \"managers\"."}
{"id": "doc1216785", "text": "These words were chanted by a prisoner as his heart was ripped out by Mola Ram in the 1984 George Lucas and Steven Spielberg film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom."}
{"id": "doc1217265", "text": "Many types of transcribed RNA, such as transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and small nuclear RNA, do not undergo translation into proteins."}
{"id": "doc1218368", "text": "As the season progresses, Alex is able to prove her innocence with the help of her friends. She discovers that the suspected bomber is former FBI analyst-trainee Elias Harper, who planted the bomb on the instructions of a terrorist mastermind. Having cleared her name at a congressional hearing, Parrish is reinstated as an FBI agent and assigned to the field office in New York. In the operations section, she works to uncover the mastermind behind the bombings, as the 2016 Presidential election nears. The supervising training agent Liam O'Connor is eventually revealed to be the responsible individual and is shot and killed by Parrish and Booth. Parrish is fired from the FBI because of the subsequent publicity of the bombings and Liam's treachery. Two months later, she is approached by Matthew Keyes, who offers her a position at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)."}
{"id": "doc1219482", "text": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third Place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth Place"}
{"id": "doc1219625", "text": "The Night Before is a 2015 American Christmas comedy film directed by Jonathan Levine, written by Levine, Evan Goldberg, Kyle Hunter and Ariel Shaffir. The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Seth Rogen and Anthony Mackie as three childhood friends who annually reunite on Christmas Eve. Lizzy Caplan, Jillian Bell, Mindy Kaling and Michael Shannon also star."}
{"id": "doc1219639", "text": "The film was originally scheduled to be released on December 11, 2015, but Sony moved the release date over to November 25, 2015,[20] and later to November 20, 2015.[21]"}
{"id": "doc1220082", "text": "The origins of this song are obscure. The earliest extant record is a version noted in Anne Gilchrist's Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society (1937), learnt from her Welsh nurse in the 1870s under the title \"Jack Jintle\" with the lyrics:[1]"}
{"id": "doc1220233", "text": "The Executive Branch also includes several agencies, boards and commissions, some of which are under the auspices of one of the cabinet-level departments.[77]"}
{"id": "doc1220638", "text": "Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John Sutter, Sr., his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr., and James W. Marshall. Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutter's Fort, which was established by Sutter. During the California Gold Rush, Sacramento was a major distribution point, a commercial and agricultural center, and a terminus for wagon trains, stagecoaches, riverboats, the telegraph, the Pony Express, and the First Transcontinental Railroad."}
{"id": "doc1220654", "text": "With its new status and strategic location, Sacramento quickly prospered and became the western end of the Pony Express. Later it became a terminus of the First Transcontinental Railroad, which began construction in Sacramento in 1863 and was financed by \"The Big Four\"\u00e2\u20ac\u201dMark Hopkins, Charles Crocker, Collis P. Huntington, and Leland Stanford."}
{"id": "doc1221858", "text": "In 1992, with grand ceremony, the Orioles began their season in a brand new ballpark, Oriole Park at Camden Yards. The name of the new park though did have much controversy in it. Many felt that since the Orioles' new home was so close to Babe Ruth's birthplace that the new park should have been named after Ruth instead of being indirectly named after the Earl of Camden, Charles Pratt, who was a Britisher who never set foot on American soil. There was also the superficial connection to the fact that Ruth played for the Orioles early in his career, but the Orioles team that Ruth played for was in no way related to the Orioles team that moved to Baltimore from St. Louis."}
{"id": "doc1222389", "text": "On July 6, 2008, during an interview with Fox News, a microphone picked up Jackson whispering to fellow guest Reed Tuckson:[72] \"See, Barack's been, ahh, talking down to black people on this faith-based... I want to cut his nuts off.\"[73] Jackson was expressing his disappointment in Obama's Father's Day speech chastisement of black fathers.[74] Subsequent to his Fox News interview, Jackson apologized and reiterated his support for Obama.[73]"}
{"id": "doc1223270", "text": "The song was released in 1965 on the Help album. In November 1977, Capitol Records scheduled the release of \"Girl\" backed with \"You're Gonna Lose That Girl\" as a single (Capitol 4506) to accompany the release of Love Songs, a compilation album which contained both songs. However, the single was cancelled before it was issued."}
{"id": "doc1223275", "text": "R. Stevie Moore covered the song on his 2009 album R. Stevie Moore Plays Songs by the Beatles."}
{"id": "doc1224325", "text": "The name of the road is often said to owe its name to Tom Cribb, a famous bare-knuckle boxer from the Bristol area. However, this was proved wrong in the 1960s by the discovery of a map showing the current name dated to four years prior to his 1781 birth.[1] The book's author goes on to speculate that the true origin of the name may be from Crybe's dwelling (Crybe being a personal name), or from crib \u00e2\u20ac\u201c a manger or hovel. But all that we can truly glean from this is that the causeway - i.e. the Roman road - was named for a family with the surname Cribb (which may or may not have been closely related to the boxer's family: he was from Hanham on the opposite side of Bristol). This local family was probably also commemorated in the smallholding called Crybescroft which existed in Henbury in 1281.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1228726", "text": "Cattle and horses were introduced into Florida in the 16th century.[94] The cattle introduced by the Spanish persist today in two rare breeds: Florida Cracker cattle and Pineywoods cattle.[95] The Florida Cracker Horse, which is still used by some Florida cowboys, is descended from horses introduced by the Spanish.[96] From shortly after 1565 until the end of the 17th century, cattle ranches owned by Spanish officials and missions operated in northern Florida to supply the Spanish garrison in St. Augustine and markets in Cuba. Raids into Spanish Florida by the Province of Carolina and its Native American allies, which wiped out the native population of Florida, led to the collapse of the Spanish mission and ranching systems.[97][98]"}
{"id": "doc1228728", "text": "The Florida cowhunter or cracker cowboy tradition gradually assimilated to western cowboy tradition during the 20th century (although the vaquero tradition has had little influence in Florida). Texas tick fever and the screw-worm were introduced to Florida in the early 20th century by cattle entering from other states. These pests forced Florida cattlemen to separate individual animals from their herds at frequent intervals for treatment, which eventually led to the widespread use of lassos. Florida cowboys continue to use dogs and bullwhips for controlling cattle.[101]"}
{"id": "doc1229449", "text": "Since the mid-1990s, a few states have enacted covenant marriage laws, which allow couples to voluntarily make a divorce more difficult for themselves to obtain than usual. For example, couples who choose to undertake a covenant marriage may be required to undergo counseling before a divorce can be granted, or to submit their conflicts to mediation. In states lacking such provisions, some couples sign contracts undertaking the same obligations.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1231969", "text": "The German and Austrian equivalent of an hereditary knight is a Ritter. This designation is used as a title of nobility in all German-speaking areas. Traditionally it denotes the second lowest rank within the nobility, standing above \"Edler\" (Noble) and below \"Freiherr\" (baron). For its historical association with warfare and the landed gentry in the Middle Ages, it can be considered roughly equal to the titles of \"Knight\" or \"Baronet\"."}
{"id": "doc1234227", "text": "In 722 BCE, the Assyrians, under Sargon II, successor to Shalmaneser V, conquered the Kingdom of Israel, and many Israelites were deported to Mesopotamia.[21]The Jewish proper diaspora began with the Babylonian exile in the 6th century BCE.[22]"}
{"id": "doc1234954", "text": "in SI units with shaft angular speed expressed in radians per second, and T expressed in newton-meters,"}
{"id": "doc1235322", "text": "In Persian teachings the Morning Star or Ishtar is called Zohra or Zohrah and commonly related to a \"beautiful woman\".[96] Two fallen angels named Harut and Marut were seduced by her beauty to commit shirk, murder, adultery and drinking wine. In their drunken state, Zohra elicited from these angels the secret words to ascend to heaven. Then she uttered the secret words, she elevated to the first heaven, but was imprisoned or transformed into Venus.[97]"}
{"id": "doc1236143", "text": "Among Gram-negative bacteria, the emergence of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins has been a major concern. It appeared initially in a limited number of bacterial species (E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens, and P. aeruginosa) that could mutate to hyperproduce their chromosomal class C \u03b2-lactamase. A few years later, resistance appeared in bacterial species not naturally producing AmpC enzymes (K. pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., P. mirabilis) due to the production of TEM- or SHV-type ESBLs (extended spectrum beta lactamases). Characteristically, such resistance has included oxyimino- (for example ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime, as well as the oxyimino-monobactam aztreonam), but not 7-alpha-methoxy-cephalosporins  (cephamycins; in other words, cefoxitin and cefotetan); has been blocked by inhibitors such as clavulanate, sulbactam or tazobactam and did not involve carbapenems and temocillin. Chromosomal-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamases represent a new threat, since they confer resistance to 7-alpha-methoxy-cephalosporins (cephamycins) such as cefoxitin or cefotetan but are not affected by commercially available \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors, and can, in strains with loss of outer membrane porins, provide resistance to carbapenems.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1236851", "text": "As with the Beatles' 1962-1966 and The Basement Tapes, all the selections could fit on a single 80-minute CD, but were nevertheless released on two CDs to match the LP."}
{"id": "doc1237955", "text": "Any appearances with members that differ from the best-known line-up (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr) are marked accordingly."}
{"id": "doc1238357", "text": "\"I've done some things in my life I think are very important, and my one sentence in history turns out to be something I said off the top of my head which became completely distorted and misunderstood. But I've become more accepting of fate as I get older.\"[24]"}
{"id": "doc1239504", "text": "Beef \u2013 Refers to the power of a light, such as \u201cbeef it up.\u201d"}
{"id": "doc1240560", "text": "The eyes are also sensitive to sun exposure at about the same UV wavelengths as skin; snow blindness is essentially sunburn of the cornea. Wrap-around sunglasses or the use by spectacle-wearers of glasses that block UV light reduce the harmful radiation. UV light has been implicated in the development of age-related macular degeneration,[38] pterygium[39] and cataract.[40]  Concentrated clusters of melanin, commonly known as freckles, are often found within the iris."}
{"id": "doc1241567", "text": "As of July 2018, members of the Republican Party hold almost a three-fourths majority of seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. There are 72 Republicans and 27 Democrats. Two seats are vacant pending special elections.[41]"}
{"id": "doc1241568", "text": "Originally, the House was apportioned according to a method spelled out in the state constitution, in which each county formed a legislative district.  Representation was determined by taking the total population of the state, according to the most recent federal census, and that number was divided by one hundred, with the quotient equaling one ratio. Counties having a population less than one full ratio received one Representative; every county containing an entire ratio but less than two ratios was to be assigned two Representatives; every county containing a population of two entire ratios but less than three ratios was to be assigned three Representatives; and every county containing a population of three entire ratios but less than four ratios was to be assigned four Representatives. After the first four Representatives, a county was to qualify for additional representation on the basis of two whole ratios of population for each additional Representative."}
{"id": "doc1242329", "text": "Several musical antecedents have been cited for the melody:"}
{"id": "doc1243029", "text": "The caves under the enclosure are not themselves generally accessible; the waqf have historically prevented access to the actual tombs out of respect for the dead. Only two entrances are known to exist, the most visible of which is located to the immediate southeast of Abraham's cenotaph on the inside of the southeastern section. This entrance is a narrow shaft covered by a decorative grate, which itself is covered by an elaborate dome. The other entrance is located to the southeast, near the mihrab, and is sealed by a large stone, and usually covered by prayer mats; this is very close to the location of the seventh step on the outside of the enclosure, beyond which the Mamelukes forbade Jews from approaching."}
{"id": "doc1244692", "text": "The remarkable difference of the popular system is the use of the term \"moreno\". This is actually difficult to translate into English, and carries a few different meanings. Derived from Latin maurus, meaning inhabitant of Mauritania,[55]:14 traditionally it is used as a term to distinguish White people with dark hair, as opposed to \"ruivo\" (redhead) and \"loiro\" (blonde).[56] It is also commonly used as a term for people with an olive complexion, a characteristic that is often found in connection with dark hair.[57] In connection to this, it is used as a term for suntanned people, and is commonly opposed to \"p\u00e1lido\" (pale) and \"amarelo\" (yellow), which in this case refer to people who aren't frequently exposed to sun. Finally, it is also often used as a euphemism for \"pardo\" and \"preto\".[58]"}
{"id": "doc1244989", "text": "Twelve new bright lights appear, one of which is St. Bonaventure, a Franciscan, who recounts the life of St. Dominic, founder of the order to which Aquinas belonged. The two orders were not always friendly on earth, and having members of one order praising the founder of the other shows the love present in Heaven[19] (Canto XII). The twenty-four  bright lights revolve around Dante and Beatrice, singing of the Trinity, and Aquinas explains the surprising presence of King Solomon, who is placed here for kingly, rather than philosophical or mathematical wisdom (Cantos XIII and XIV):"}
{"id": "doc1245017", "text": "From the Primum Mobile, Dante ascends to a region beyond physical existence, the Empyrean, which is the abode of God. Beatrice, representing theology,[45] is here transformed to be more beautiful than ever before, and Dante becomes enveloped in light, rendering him fit to see God[45] (Canto XXX):"}
{"id": "doc1245931", "text": "Themes and tone vary from episode-to-episode, but all have elements of comedy and horror. The first series, which first aired in February\u2013March 2014, contains six episodes\u2014\"Sardines\", \"A Quiet Night In\", \"Tom & Gerri\", \"Last Gasp\", \"The Understudy\" and \"The Harrowing\u2014 as well as a special online-only episode called \"The Inventors\". The second series first aired in March\u2013April 2015, and contains six episodes: \"La Couchette\", \"The 12 Days of Christine\", \"The Trial of Elizabeth Gadge\", \"Cold Comfort\" \"Nana's Party\" and \"S\u00e9ance Time\". The third series started in December 2016 with the Christmas special \"The Devil of Christmas\", continuing in February\u2013March with \"The Bill\", \"The Riddle of the Sphinx\", \"Empty Orchestra\", \"Diddle Diddle Dumpling\" and \"Private View\". A fourth series is in production."}
{"id": "doc1246068", "text": "Belle is represented throughout the series as a hopeful individual who sees the best in people (occasionally, to a fault), a knowledgeable bookworm well-versed in many languages, and a steadfast heroine determined to help those in need."}
{"id": "doc1246069", "text": "Belle grew up in the Enchanted Forest as the daughter of Sir Maurice (Eric Keenleyside) and his wife Colette (Frances O'Connor). She always had a close relationship with her mother, having been introduced to her love for books[9] and taught different skills such as how to translate fairy language.[10] Belle also had a childhood friend by the name of Samuel.[11] However, besides this, not much else is known about Belle's life growing up. Nearing adulthood, Belle is startled to learn that war is ready to break out between her father's kingdom and the ogres."}
{"id": "doc1246072", "text": "Belle and Rumplestiltskin's bond is further explored when Belle is targeted by the Queens of Darkness - Maleficent (Kristin Bauer van Straten), Ursula (Merrin Dungey), and Cruella De Vil (Victoria Smurfit) - who ransom her for Rumplestiltskin's enchanted gauntlet. The Dark One meets the three women at Demon's Bluff with the gauntlet, and is given no choice but to hand it over when Ursula threatens Belle's life. Once again, she sees something good in him beneath the beast.[16] One day, Belle is sent out to the market in order to pick up things for Rumplestiltskin when she stumbles upon her old friend Samuel, injured, so she brings him back to the Dark Castle to nurse him back to health. As it turns out however, he was only there to steal Rumplestiltskin's dagger, giving him control over the Dark One, and so Belle betrays him to protect Rumple.[11] As Belle and Rumple grow closer, his attitude towards her becomes more playful and lighthearted. Belle opens up Rumple's nailed down curtains and even convinces him to share the story of his lost son (Dylan Schmid). The Dark One agrees to tell Belle everything if she returns home from town with straw, this being his subtle way of setting her free, having developed genuine feelings for her. Though Belle plans not to return at first, she runs into the Evil Queen (Lana Parrilla) on the road and learns that Rumplestiltskin's curse can be broken with a kiss of true love. Realizing that she's in love with the Dark One and that he loves her back, Belle returns and attempts to break his curse, only for it to backfire when Rumplestiltskin learns it was the Queen's idea. He lashes out at Belle and sends her back to the dungeon, and eventually kicks her out of his castle altogether. Belle argues that power won't be enough for Rumple and that he is only doing this because he doesn't believe anyone could truly love him. Before leaving, she says, \"Now, you've made your choice. And you're going to regret it. Forever. All you'll have is an empty heart... and a chipped cup.\" [13][17]"}
{"id": "doc1246808", "text": "The Alabama House of Representatives is composed of 105 members, all elected from single-member districts of equal population across the state in the same cycle. Each member represents a district of approximately 40,000 people,[11] and is elected to a four-year term. The Speaker of the House is currently Mac McCutcheon, a Republican.[12] The current partisan line-up of the House of Representatives is 72 Republicans and 33 Democrats."}
{"id": "doc1247565", "text": "Initially, bishops were chosen by the local clergy with approval from nearby bishops. \"A newly elected bishop was installed in office and given his authority [...] by the bishops who supervised the election and performed the ordination.\"[1] The bishops of the most important sees sought acceptance from Rome. The early church fathers attest to the fact that the Church of Rome - in effect its diocese - was the central point of authority. They attest to the Church's reliance on Rome for advice, for mediation of disputes, and for guidance on doctrinal issues. They note, as Ignatius of Antioch (ca 1st century) does, that Rome \"holds the presidency\" among the other churches, and that, as Irenaeus (ca 2nd century) explains, \"because of its superior origin, all the churches must agree\" with Rome. They are also clear on the fact that it is full communion with Rome and the bishop of Rome that causes one to be in communion with the Catholic Church. This displays a recognition that, as Cyprian of Carthage (3rd century) puts it, Rome is \"the principal church, in which sacerdotal unity has its source.\"[2] By the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the metropolitan bishop had a role of the greatest importance in the selection. The Council decreed that the consent of the metropolitan bishop was normally required.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1248125", "text": "Both John Lennon and George Harrison used the Gibson J-160E, an acoustic guitar with an electric pickup at the base of the fretboard. The resonant character of the full acoustic body, combined with the electric pickup, meant that this guitar was susceptible to feedback, employed to great effect on the intro to \"I Feel Fine\". Lennon also used a Framus Hootenanny twelve-string acoustic, which can be seen in the movie Help! and heard on the title song and \"You've Got to Hide Your Love Away\". This twelve-string guitar accounted for audibly richer rhythm guitar parts on songs like these, in comparison to the six-string Gibsons. After Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Lennon moved on to a Martin D-28 from C. F. Martin & Company (alternating between the J-160E and the D-28 for The White Album) while Harrison upgraded to a Gibson J-200 Jumbo (which Lennon used on \"Two of Us\" and other acoustic tracks on Let It Be)."}
{"id": "doc1248140", "text": "Ringo played a Premier kit in 1963 on Please Please Me"}
{"id": "doc1248532", "text": "Railroads reached their maturity in the early 20th century, as trains carried the bulk of land freight and passenger traffic in the industrialized countries of the world. By the mid-20th century, however, they had lost their preeminent position. The private automobile had replaced the railroad for short passenger trips, while the airplane had usurped it for long-distance travel, especially in the United States. Railroads remained effective, however, for transporting people in high-volume situations, such as commuting between the centres of large cities and their suburbs, and medium-distance travel of less than about 300 miles between urban centres."}
{"id": "doc1248717", "text": "The film begins with a short text introduction stating the purpose of the footage and its intent: \"For the fans...\" After short dialogues from various dancers, Ortega is heard talking through the original concert opening sequence involving a body suit made from screens which display fast clips and images with bright intensity from which Jackson emerges on stage. Immediately after this, Jackson begins \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\" first solo, which pauses half-way through and a small snippet of Jackson singing \"Speechless\" a cappella is shown. Jackson is then joined by dancers and completes the first number. A short clip showing rehearsals of the \"toaster\" mechanism is shown before rehearsal footage of \"Jam\" is played. This plays directly into the green screen adaptation of soldiers dancers for \"Bad\" which are also used for \"They Don't Care About Us\" which is shown next. From here, the film shows Michael directing Ortega and his band for his solo rehearsal performance of \"Human Nature\" which he performs a cappella, then acoustic and finally with full band. Green screen rehearsals for the video vignette for \"Smooth Criminal\" come next (with scenes from his film Moonwalker as well as the film Gilda featuring Rita Hayworth as the title character singing \"Put the Blame on Mame\"), with dress rehearsals of the song following, including parts of the vignette intertwined with the dancing. Jackson is seen next directing his musical team for the cues in his song \"The Way You Make Me Feel\". Jackson then performs a rehearsal with dancers which he alters and changes as he goes. Jackson then rehearses a medley of The Jackson 5 songs: \"I Want You Back\", \"The Love You Save\", \"I'll Be There\" and \"Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)\". After this, Jackson sings with Judith Hill, one of his backup singers, on his duet song \"I Just Can't Stop Loving You\" in which he sings at full strength, directing his partner as he goes. The filming for the \"Thriller\" vignette is then shown with Jackson and Ortega watching with 3D glasses. Jackson is then seen rehearsing \"Thriller\" with the vignette intertwined like that in \"Smooth Criminal.\" Footage of the show's aerialists rehearsing to the instrumental of \"Who Is It\" is shown next."}
{"id": "doc1248995", "text": "Von Miller's organization hosts two events for Denver-area children: Von's Vision Day and Von Miller's Back to School Vision Day. Von's Vision Day is a two-day program. The foundation partners with national and regional eyewear retailers to provide a citywide vision day for low-income Denver children. On the first day of the program, children receive free screenings, and if needed, free eye exams and an invitation to pick up their corrective eyewear at a later date. After the prescription glasses have been cut, Von hosts a Reveal Party where children are fitted for their glasses.[74] Children have the opportunity to interact with Von Miller and feel comfortable in their new glasses.[75]"}
{"id": "doc1249764", "text": "Assyrian palace reliefs and sculptures from:"}
{"id": "doc1249983", "text": "Presumably, this arises from an unequal growth of the aorticopulmonary septum. The aorta is too large, thus \"overriding,\" and this \"steals\" from the pulmonary artery, which is therefore stenosed. This then prevents ventricular wall closure, therefore VSD, and this increases the pressures on the right side, and so the R ventricle becomes bigger to handle the work."}
{"id": "doc1251647", "text": "The cover was designed by Apple Records creative director Kosh. It is the only original UK Beatles album sleeve to show neither the artist name nor the album title on its front cover, which was Kosh's idea, despite EMI claiming the record would not sell without this information. He later explained that \"we didn't need to write the band's name on the cover\u00c2\u00a0... They were the most famous band in the world\".[85]"}
{"id": "doc1251654", "text": "Many critics have since cited Abbey Road as the Beatles' greatest album.[117] In a retrospective review, Nicole Pensiero of PopMatters called it \"an amazingly cohesive piece of music, innovative and timeless\".[118] Mark Kemp of Paste viewed the album as being \"among The Beatles' finest works, even if it foreshadows the cigarette-lighter-waving arena rock that technically skilled but critically maligned artists from Journey to Meatloaf would belabor throughout the '70s and '80s\".[114] Neil McCormack of The Daily Telegraph dubbed it the Beatles' \"last love letter to the world\" and praised its \"big, modern sound\", calling it \"lush, rich, smooth, epic, emotional and utterly gorgeous\".[110] AllMusic's Richie Unterberger felt that the album shared Sgt. Pepper's \"faux-conceptual forms\", but had \"stronger compositions\", and wrote of its standing in the band's catalogue: \"Whether Abbey Road is the Beatles' best work is debatable, but it's certainly the most immaculately produced (with the possible exception of Sgt. Pepper) and most tightly constructed.\"[107] Ian MacDonald gave a mixed opinion of the album, noting that several tracks had been written at least a year previously, and would possibly have been unsuitable without being integrated into the medley on side two. He did, however, praise the production, particularly the sound of Starr's bass drum.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1253247", "text": "Charles Spencer from The Daily Telegraph wrote: \"Overpaid, over-sexed and over here, it will, I suspect be some time before London says Bye Bye Baby (Baby Goodbye) to the PHENOMENAL Jersey Boys.\"[48] Benedict Nightingale from The Times said, \"Oh What a Night. There were times when I felt that the performers were making even the Beatles sound somewhat lacking in musical texture.\"[49] Quentin Letts from The Daily Mail said, \"I must say I thoroughly enjoyed it. This is a big thumper of a show with fantastic songs.\"[50]"}
{"id": "doc1253410", "text": "The fourth season was again set on Vancouver Island, in Quatsino Territory, located near Port Hardy, British Columbia."}
{"id": "doc1254733", "text": "A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 2010 American supernatural slasher film directed by Samuel Bayer and written by Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer as a remake of Wes Craven's 1984 film of the same name, which revolves around a group of teenagers who are being stalked in their dreams by an enigmatic man named Freddy Krueger."}
{"id": "doc1254764", "text": "The remake is currently the eighth all-time highest grossing slasher film in unadjusted dollars.[60] It is also ninth all-time among horror remakes, dating back to 1982, in unadjusted dollars.[61] When comparing its opening weekends to other slasher films and horror remakes, A Nightmare on Elm Street sits in fifth spots for both categories.[62][63] The 2010 remake currently sits as the second highest grossing Nightmare on Elm Street film in the franchise in North America, just behind Freddy vs. Jason ($82,622,655), in unadjusted dollars.[41]"}
{"id": "doc1254817", "text": "Gotham is an American crime-drama television series developed by Bruno Heller, based on characters appearing in and published by DC Comics in their Batman franchise, primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne. The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon, while Heller executive produces along with Danny Cannon, who also directed the pilot. As originally conceived, the series would have served as a straightforward story of Gordon's early days on the Gotham City Police Department."}
{"id": "doc1255451", "text": "In Joey, Joey implies that all his friends got married. This is your proof."}
{"id": "doc1256783", "text": "Glaciation and subsequent retreat caused speciation in many boreal forest birds,[67] such as with North American sapsuckers (Yellow-bellied, Red-naped, and Red-breasted); the warbler's in the genus Setophaga (S. townsendii, S. occidentalis, and S. virens), Oreothlypis (O. virginiae, O. ridgwayi, and O. ruficapilla), and Oporornis (O. tolmiei and O. philadelphia now classified in the genus Geothlypis); Fox sparrow's (sub species P. (i.) unalaschensis, P. (i.) megarhyncha, and P. (i.) schistacea); Vireo (V. plumbeus, V. cassinii, and V. solitarius); tyrant flycatcher's (E. occidentalis and E. difficilis); chickadee's (P. rufescens and P. hudsonicus); and thrush's (C. bicknelli and C. minimus).[67]"}
{"id": "doc1257475", "text": "A virtual retinal display (VRD), also known as a retinal scan display (RSD) or retinal projector (RP), not to be confused with a \"Retina Display\", is a display technology that draws a raster image (like a television picture) directly onto the retina of the eye. The user sees what appears to be a conventional display floating in space in front of them. For true stereoscopy, each eye must be provided with its own discrete display. To produce a virtual display that occupies a usefully large visual angle but does not involve the use of relatively large lenses or mirrors, the light source must be very close to the eye. A contact lens incorporating one or more semiconductor light sources is the form most commonly proposed. As of 2013, the inclusion of suitable light-beam-scanning means in a contact lens is still very problematic, as is the alternative of embedding a reasonably transparent array of hundreds of thousands (or millions, for HD resolution) of accurately aligned sources of collimated light."}
{"id": "doc1258664", "text": "this man DAT give-IMPF"}
{"id": "doc1259591", "text": "The importance of the commemoration was waning in 1844, with the approach of the Mexican\u2013American War of 1846\u20131848.[50]"}
{"id": "doc1260115", "text": "Generally, arterial smooth muscle responds to carbon dioxide by producing vasodilation, and responds to oxygen by producing vasoconstriction. Pulmonary blood vessels within the lung are unique as they vasodilate to high oxygen tension and vasoconstrict when it falls. Bronchiole, smooth muscle that line the airways of the lung, respond to high carbon dioxide producing vasodilation and vasoconstrict when carbon dioxide is low. These responses to carbon dioxide and oxygen by pulmonary blood vessels and bronchiole airway smooth muscle aid in matching perfusion and ventilation within the lungs. Further different smooth muscle tissues display extremes of abundant to little sarcoplasmic reticulum so excitation-contraction coupling varies with its dependence on intracellular or extracellular calcium.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1260420", "text": "Many students' unions in Britain, Ireland, and others[69] use a similar ballot option called 're-open nominations' (RON)[70] in IRV and single transferable vote (STV) elections. These include the National Union of Students in the UK and UCD Student's Union in Ireland. The difference is that RON is a vote against all candidates in FPTP (first-past-the-post) and all subsequent candidates in an IRV or STV election."}
{"id": "doc1260422", "text": "In a multi-member constituency there are two approaches. In the first, when a RON candidate is elected, all other candidates below RON are declared not to be elected and the counting process stops, the election is then re-run for that and all other unfilled positions. In the second, RON is elected to a position, then any surplus is transferred to another RON(2) candidate as if such an option had been presented on the ballot paper. If RON(2) is elected, then the process carries on with RON(3), RON(4) candidates and so on until all seats are filled. This is sometimes called the Stack RON method."}
{"id": "doc1263474", "text": "Filming took place on location, in a house in the wealthy Buckhead area of Atlanta.[3] Holly Berenson's bakery was depicted at Belly General Store in Virginia-Highland, a century-old bungalow-style neighborhood with several small-scale historic retail clusters, a few miles northeast of Downtown Atlanta.[4] Scenes from Eric's workplace were filmed at Turner Broadcasting System (TBS) off Techwood Drive in Atlanta. Filming also took place at Philips Arena.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1264052", "text": "The characters live, for the most part, in hollow trees amidst lushly rendered backdrops of North American wetlands, bayous, lagoons and backwoods. Fictitious local landmarks\u00a0\u2014 such as \"Miggle's General Store and Emporium\" (a.k.a. \"Miggle's Miracle Mart\") and the \"Fort Mudge Memorial Dump\", etc.\u00a0\u2014 are occasionally featured. The memorial dump was destroyed in an inferno caused by Owl's disastrous attempt to launch a rocket ship, in the strips from April 27, 1990 to May 18, 1990, and was under reconstruction when the strip terminated. The landscape is fluid and vividly detailed, with a dense variety of (often caricatured) flora and fauna. The richly textured trees and marshlands frequently change from panel to panel within the same strip. Like the Coconino County depicted in Krazy Kat and the Dogpatch of Li'l Abner, the distinctive cartoon landscape of Kelly's Okefenokee Swamp became as strongly identified with the strip as any of its characters."}
{"id": "doc1265623", "text": "On March 20, 2017, the film was scheduled for a September 15, 2017, release date.[27]"}
{"id": "doc1265795", "text": "The difference between homonyms and polysemes is subtle. Lexicographers define polysemes within a single dictionary lemma, numbering different meanings, while homonyms are treated in separate lemmata. Semantic shift can separate a polysemous word into separate homonyms. For example, check as in \"bank check\" (or Cheque), check in chess, and check meaning \"verification\" are considered homonyms, while they originated as a single word derived from chess in the 14th century. Psycholinguistic experiments have shown that homonyms and polysemes are represented differently within people's mental lexicon: while the different meanings of homonyms (which are semantically unrelated) tend to interfere or compete with each other during comprehension, this does not usually occur for the polysemes that have semantically related meanings.[5][6][7][8] Results for this contention, however, have been mixed.[9][10][11][12]"}
{"id": "doc1267063", "text": "In the book The Folk Songs of North America, folk music historian Alan Lomax suggests that the song originated in the 17th century, and (based on plot similarities) that John Gay's 1728 The Beggar's Opera was inspired by Gay hearing an Irish ballad-monger singing \"Whiskey in the Jar\". In regard to the history of the song, Lomax states, \"The folk of seventeenth century Britain liked and admired their local highwaymen; and in Ireland (or Scotland) where the gentlemen of the roads robbed English landlords, they were regarded as national patriots. Such feelings inspired this rollicking ballad.\"[4]"}
{"id": "doc1267318", "text": "In the film, Hickok calls on his friends Earp, Calamity Jane, Bat Masterson, Doc Holliday, Charlie Bassett, Luke Short and Bill Tilghman to help clean up a wild cowtown. Promotional copy for the film prominently mentioned Earp: \"Back in the days when the West was young and wild, \"Wild Bill\" fought and loved and adventured with such famous frontiersmen as Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp.\"[234] Earp was described in the promotional copy as \"Deputy Sheriff to Bat Masterson of Dodge City, known as one of the three greatest gun-men that ever lived, along with Bat Masterson and \"Wild Bill\" Hickok\".[234] In reality, Earp was a virtually unknown assistant marshal in Dodge City when Wild Bill Hickok was murdered in 1876.[286]"}
{"id": "doc1267320", "text": "With the emergence of television in the 1950s, producers spun out a large number of Western-oriented shows. At the height of their popularity in 1959, there were more than two dozen \"cowboy\" programs on each week. At least six of them were connected in some extent to Wyatt Earp: The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, Tombstone Territory, Broken Arrow, Johnny Ringo, and Gunsmoke.[34]"}
{"id": "doc1267765", "text": "There are anastomoses between the Circumflex and right coronary arteries and between the anterior and posterior inter-ventricular arteries. In the normal heart these anastomoses are non-functional."}
{"id": "doc1268295", "text": "Many senior leaders of the Afghanistan Taliban were closely associated with and had attended the Darul Uloom Haqqania seminary in Akora Khattak in Pakistan, including Mullah Omar, and its role in supporting the Taliban.[6][7] The seminary is run by Maulana Sami ul Haq of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam who is often referred to as the \"Father of the Taliban\".[6][8]"}
{"id": "doc1269703", "text": "Episodes included such well-known faces as Stratford Johns, Terence Alexander, Roger Delgado, William Franklyn, Michael Goodliffe, and Barry Foster, among others.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1270352", "text": "It has also been covered by Seattle-based Beatles cover band Apple Jam on their album Off the Beatle Track."}
{"id": "doc1271924", "text": "The term globalization is derived from the word globalize, which refers to the emergence of an international network of economic systems.[13] One of the earliest known usages of the term as a noun was in a 1930 publication entitled Towards New Education, where it denoted a holistic view of human experience in education.[14] A related term, corporate giants, was coined by Charles Taze Russell (of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society) in 1897[15] to refer to the largely national trusts and other large enterprises of the time. By the 1960s, both terms began to be used as synonyms by economists and other social scientists. Economist Theodore Levitt is widely credited with coining the term in an article entitled \"Globalization of Markets\", which appeared in the May\u00e2\u20ac\u201cJune 1983 issue of Harvard Business Review. However, the term 'globalization' was in use well before this (at least as early as 1944) and had been used by other scholars as early as 1981.[16] Levitt can be credited with popularizing the term and bringing it into the mainstream business audience in the later half of the 1980s. Since its inception, the concept of globalization has inspired competing definitions and interpretations, with antecedents dating back to the great movements of trade and empire across Asia and the Indian Ocean from the 15th century onwards.[17][18] Due to the complexity of the concept, research projects, articles, and discussions often remain focused on a single aspect of globalization.[19]"}
{"id": "doc1272096", "text": "Portia Tenenbaum \u00e2\u20ac\u201c The rich frenemy of London. In some episodes, they are friends and in other episodes, they are competitors. The two speak by telephone and go on shopping trips together (most of times to Paris. In the episode \"Neither a Borrower Nor a Speller Bee\", Portia had gained publicity doing charity works. London also competes with her for more fame on the Internet with her own web show called \"Yay Me! Starring London Tipton\". In \"Cody Goes to Camp\" Mr. Moseby was horrified at the thought that Portia might teach London how to drive as she once drove her father's yacht through piers 10, 11 and 12, because of being distracted putting on sunscreen. She is never seen."}
{"id": "doc1272206", "text": "In his tenure with the film series, Barry's music, variously brassy and moody, achieved very wide appeal. For From Russia with Love he composed \"007\", an alternative James Bond signature theme, which is featured in four other Bond films (Thunderball, You Only Live Twice, Diamonds Are Forever and Moonraker). The theme \"Stalking\", for the teaser sequence of From Russia with Love, was covered by colleague Marvin Hamlisch for The Spy Who Loved Me (1977). (The music and lyrics for From Russia with Love's title song were written by Lionel Bart, whose musical theatre credits included Oliver!) Barry also contributed indirectly to the soundtrack of the spoof version of Casino Royale (1967): his Born Free theme appears briefly in the opening sequence."}
{"id": "doc1272382", "text": "Appointing himself President after the resignation of President Rafiq Tarar, Musharraf held nationwide general elections in 2002 to transfer the executive powers to newly elected Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali, who was succeeded in the 2004 by Shaukat Aziz. During the election campaign of 2007, Benazir Bhutto was assassinated which led to a series of important political developments including the left-wing alliance led by the PPP. Historic general elections held in 2013 marked the return of PML(N) with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif assuming the leadership of the country for the third time in its history."}
{"id": "doc1273458", "text": "The program was successful and Aniston, along with her co-stars, gained worldwide reputation among television viewers. Aniston received a salary of US$1\u00a0million per episode for the last two seasons of Friends, as well as five Emmy nominations (two for Supporting Actress, three for Lead Actress), including a win for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.[39] She was also nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and won, in 2003, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. According to the Guinness World Book of Records (2005), Aniston (along with her female costars) became the highest paid TV actresses of all time with US$1\u00a0million-per-episode paycheck for the tenth and final season of Friends.[40] Her character's relationship with Ross Geller, portrayed by David Schwimmer in the show, was widely popular among audiences, and the couple were frequently voted as TV's favorite couple by polls and magazines.[41]"}
{"id": "doc1273973", "text": "You'll die slow but calm\nRecognize my face, so there won't be no mistake\nSo you know where to tell Jake, lame nigga\nBrave nigga, turned front page nigga"}
{"id": "doc1276601", "text": "Two weeks into their relationship, the couple booked into a hotel in Bayswater, following a meal out.[1][3] In the hotel room, Lynch raped and beat Piper, threatened to cut her with a razor and hang her, and stabbed her several times in the arms.[1] After eight hours at the hotel,[1] they drove back to Piper's Golders Green flat.[3] Piper was treated for her wounds at Royal Free Hospital, but withheld the nature of the incident from the doctors and police, because she was afraid of Lynch.[1][3]"}
{"id": "doc1276617", "text": "Undo Me eventually began to air weekly from 30 January 2014, by which time the proposed six-episode series had shrunk to four parts and acquired the name Bodyshockers, with each episode having a sub-title linked to the episode's main theme."}
{"id": "doc1276686", "text": "Written by John Mann and Geoffrey Kelly, the song tells of a drinking spree in London. The lyrics and the musical setting clearly revel in the fun of the experience, but also show a longing for the rest and comfort of home:"}
{"id": "doc1276688", "text": "British geographical references such as Euston Station, Charing Cross Road and Yorkshire appear in the lyrics. The later choruses switch the length of time that the narrator has been gone from a week to a month, and in some live performances change from a month to a year. The song's musical arrangement incorporates the traditional reels \"Castle Kelly\", \"Glass of Beer\" and \"Swallow's Tail\".[4]"}
{"id": "doc1277183", "text": "Each Judge Mathis episode runs for one hour and typically consists of 4 cases.[1] The show is broadcast weekdays nationwide in the United States. It is also broadcast in Canada through Omni Television.[3][4] The show has aired since 1999 and has aired over 2000 episodes."}
{"id": "doc1278394", "text": "Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox are the names of a pair of large statues of the American folk hero Paul Bunyan and his ox, located in Bemidji, Minnesota. This roadside attraction has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988. Much like the architecture found in such structures as the Benewah Milk Bottle, the Teapot Dome Service Station or the comparably colossal Dinosaur Park sculptures in South Dakota, it served to attract the attention of motorists passing by and coincided with the dramatic rise in the popularity of automobiles.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1279689", "text": "The .357 Magnum is the oldest \"magnum\" handgun cartridge. Smith & Wesson played a major part in the development and success of the cartridge and revolver that went with it. Firearms writer and experimenter Philip Sharpe is credited for its development during the 1930s when police agencies were asking for a more powerful round. S&W's Dan Wesson agreed to produce a new revolver that would handle \"high-intensity\" .38 Special loads, but only if Winchester would develop a new cartridge. Elmer Keith, a well known author and wildcatter at the time, was experimenting with hand loading .38 Special ammunition beyond their original specifications, taking advantage of the newer and better designed firearm frames and metallurgy, and also played a major role in the development of the .357 Magnum. Winchester introduced the .357 Magnum, which was dimensionally identical to the .38 Special except for a .125 inch longer case, and the first revolvers (referred to as \".357 Magnum Models\") were completed by S&W on April 8, 1935.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1281693", "text": "Mexican cuisine is a style of food which is primarily a fusion of indigenous Mesoamerican cooking with European (especially Spanish) cooking developed after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. The basic staples remain the native corn, beans and chili peppers but the Europeans introduced a large number of other foods, the most important of which were meat from domesticated animals (beef, pork, chicken, goat and sheep), dairy products (especially cheese) and various herbs and spices.[6] While the Spanish initially tried to superimpose their diet on the country, this was not possible thanks largely to Mexico's highly developed indigenous cuisines. Instead, the foods and cooking techniques of both the indigenous Mexicans and the Spanish began to be mixed contributing to the development of an even more varied and rich cuisine. Over the centuries, this resulted in various regional cuisines, based on local conditions such as those in the north, Oaxaca, Veracruz and the Yucat\u00c3\u00a1n Peninsula. Mexican cuisine is highly tied to the culture, social structure and its popular traditions, the most important example of which is the use of mole for special occasions and holidays, particularly in the South region of the country. For this reason and others, Mexican cuisine was added by UNESCO to its list of the world's \"intangible cultural heritage\".[7]"}
{"id": "doc1281695", "text": "Most of today's Mexican cuisine is based on pre-Hispanic traditions, including the Aztecs, Maya, and the Indigenous peoples of Mexico combined with culinary trends introduced by Spanish colonists."}
{"id": "doc1281699", "text": "Central Mexico's cuisine is largely made up of influences from the rest of the country, but also has its authentics, such as barbacoa, pozole, menudo, tamales, and carnitas. Southeastern Mexico, on the other hand, is known for its spicy vegetable and chicken-based dishes. The cuisine of Southeastern Mexico also has quite a bit of Caribbean influence, given its geographical location. Veal is common in the Yucat\u00e1n. Seafood is commonly prepared in the states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico, the latter having a famous reputation for its fish dishes, in particular \u00e0 la veracruzana. In modern times, other cuisines of the world have become very popular in Mexico, thus adopting a Mexican fusion. For example, sushi in Mexico is often made with a variety of sauces based on mango or tamarind, and very often served with serrano-chili-blended soy sauce, or complemented with vinegar, habanero and chipotle peppers. The most internationally recognized dishes include chocolate, tacos, quesadillas, enchiladas, burritos, tamales and mole among several others. Regional dishes include mole poblano, chiles en nogada and chalupas from Puebla, cabrito and machaca from Monterrey, cochinita pibil from Yucat\u00e1n, Tlayudas from Oaxaca, as well as barbacoa, chilaquiles, milanesas, and many others."}
{"id": "doc1283772", "text": "The city's original downtown area, on the James River waterfront, changed rapidly from a farm trading town to a new city in the last quarter of the 19th century. Development of the railroad terminal, with its coal piers, other harbor-related facilities, and the shipyard, brought new jobs and workers to the area. Although fashionable housing and businesses developed in downtown, the increase in industry and the development of new suburbs pushed and pulled retail and residential development to the west and north after World War II. Such suburban development was aided by national subsidization of highway construction and was part of a national trend to newer housing."}
{"id": "doc1283940", "text": "The American television series Ghost Adventures filmed an episode at the Bell Witch Cave.[86]"}
{"id": "doc1284168", "text": "Over the course of its broadcast, Breaking Bad aired 62 episodes over five seasons. The pilot episode was first aired on January 20, 2008, and the series finale was broadcast on September 29, 2013."}
{"id": "doc1284211", "text": "On June 17, 2014, Nickelodeon ordered a fourth season of the show.[5] On July 10, 2015, a fifth and final season was announced.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1284258", "text": "This interpretation of Vinland as \"pasture-land\" rather than \"vine-land\" was accepted by Valter Jansson in his classic 1951 dissertation on the vin-names of Scandinavia, by way of which it entered popular knowledge in the later 20th century. It was rejected by Einar Haugen (1977), who argued that the vin element had changed its meaning from \"pasture\" to \"farm\" long before the Old Norse period. Names in vin were given in the Proto-Norse period, and they are absent from places colonized in the Viking Age. Haugen's basis for rejection has since been challenged.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1284333", "text": "The album debuted on Billboard magazine's Top LP's chart in the issue dated July 25, 1964, and reached number 75 during its 10 weeks there.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1285744", "text": "Filming began in February 2005;[36] the crew filmed for ten hours a day for thirty-one days.[20][29] The eleven-year-old Palmer had to follow the United States' child labor laws, which necessitated spending at least three hours a day at school, one on recreation, and one at lunch.[20][29] Nevertheless, Palmer appeared in almost every scene, about which Ganis commented, \"I honestly don't know how we figured it out, but we did\".[20] To get the filming done on time, Atchison storyboarded the scenes ahead of time and chatted with cinematographer David Mullen, the production designer Warren Young, and Glenn Farr to compile a list of scenes.[29] This way, the filming team began each day knowing what shots they would take, their order, and the performances scheduled for each day.[20][29] Most of the filming took place in South Los Angeles,[20] which Atchison picked as the filming location due to their low budget.[9] Scenes were also filmed at the University of Southern California, Hollywood Palladium\u2014which stood in for the Grand Ballroom of the Washington, D.C. Hyatt Hotel\u2014and Venice High School.[37]"}
{"id": "doc1285909", "text": "A quark of one flavor can transform into a quark of another flavor only through the weak interaction, one of the four fundamental interactions in particle physics. By absorbing or emitting a W boson, any up-type quark (up, charm, and top quarks) can change into any down-type quark (down, strange, and bottom quarks) and vice versa. This flavor transformation mechanism causes the radioactive process of beta decay, in which a neutron (n) \"splits\" into a proton (p), an electron (e\u2212) and an electron antineutrino (\u03bde) (see picture). This occurs when one of the down quarks in the neutron (udd) decays into an up quark by emitting a virtual W\u2212 boson, transforming the neutron into a proton (uud). The W\u2212 boson then decays into an electron and an electron antineutrino.[63]"}
{"id": "doc1285910", "text": "Both beta decay and the inverse process of inverse beta decay are routinely used in medical applications such as positron emission tomography (PET) and in experiments involving neutrino detection."}
{"id": "doc1286622", "text": "When renovators were cleaning the angel on the spire in 1997, they found a note in a bottle left in one of the folds of the angel's gown. In the note, renovators from 1953 apologized for what they felt was rushed and shoddy work (Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev wanted the angel refurbished for the 250th anniversary of the city that year). It is said that the renovators in 1997 left another message for future generations, but the contents of that message have not been revealed."}
{"id": "doc1287820", "text": "The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is approximately 21:17 or 1.24."}
{"id": "doc1287918", "text": "The term tucker bag appears in a number of traditional Australian songs and poems, including the lyrics in Waltzing Matilda \"Whose is that jumbuck you've got in your tucker bag?\", reflecting the tucker bag's place in Australian culture and history. The title of the song itself derives from the way a tucker bag swayed to-and-fro on a swagman's back as he walked along, who was said to be out \"waltzing Matilda\", i.e., the tucker bag."}
{"id": "doc1288170", "text": "Pakistan is a multi-party democracy. The country has many political parties and it is common for the country to be ruled by a coalition government. The Parliament of Pakistan is bicameral, consisting of the National Assembly of Pakistan and the Senate. The main political parties in Pakistan are listed below in alphabetical order."}
{"id": "doc1288281", "text": "Most handbooks derive the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning \"flat land\",[20] related to German Tenne \"threshing floor\", English den \"cave\".[20] The -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland (see marches), with probable references to the border forests in south Schleswig.[21]"}
{"id": "doc1289342", "text": "As the lead track on Revolver, \"Taxman\" represents the only time a UK-issued Beatles studio album opened with a Harrison song or lead vocal."}
{"id": "doc1291233", "text": "Nagel is a German and Dutch surname. Meaning \"nail\" in both languages, the surname is metonymic referring to the uccupation of a nail maker.[1] Notable people with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc1291603", "text": "Meanwhile, Tris and David meet with the council. Tris disagrees with the council's objectives and criticizes how they have done nothing to stop the violence in Chicago. The council responds that David has full power to intervene whenever he desires, revealing that he has lied to her from the beginning. During the return flight to the Bureau, Tris ends their partnership. Upon her return, she gathers Caleb and Christina in David's hovercar to return to Chicago. Nita helps them escape, revealing the Davids rule is not popular with everyone in the Bureau."}
{"id": "doc1291616", "text": "A theatrical sequel, based on the latter half of the Allegiant book, was originally meant to wrap up the series and was originally planned for a March 24, 2017 release, later a June 9, 2017 release[45], with Lee Toland Krieger directing.[46]"}
{"id": "doc1293555", "text": "In the United States, this rule still exists at common law. However, the Uniform Commercial Code (\"UCC\") dispenses with it in \u0e22\u0e07 2-207. (but it can also be argued that \u0e22\u0e07 2-207(1) enforces the mirror image rule)[5] Therefore, its applicability depends upon what law governs. Most states have adopted the UCC, which governs transactions in goods. Contracts for services or land, for example, would not be governed by the UCC. The 2nd restatement of contracts also provides that when parties have not agreed to an essential term, \"a term which is reasonable in the circumstances is supplied by the court.\" However, it may not be possible for a reasonable term to be supplied by the court."}
{"id": "doc1294428", "text": "The .30-06 Springfield cartridge (pronounced \"thirty-aught-six\" or \"thirty-oh-six\"), 7.62\u00d763mm in metric notation and called \".30 Gov't '06\" by Winchester,[3] was introduced to the United States Army in 1906 and later standardized; it remained in use until the early 1980s. The \".30\" refers to the caliber of the bullet in inches. The \"06\" refers to the year the cartridge was adopted\u20141906. It replaced the .30-03, 6mm Lee Navy, and .30-40 Krag cartridges. The .30-06 remained the U.S. Army's primary rifle and machine gun cartridge for nearly 50 years before being replaced by the 7.62\u00d751mm NATO (commercial .308 Winchester) and 5.56\u00d745mm NATO, both of which remain in current U.S. and NATO service. It remains a very popular sporting round, with ammunition produced by all major manufacturers."}
{"id": "doc1294814", "text": "Like the chief justice, associate justices are nominated by the President of the United States and are confirmed by the United States Senate by majority vote. This is provided for in Article II of the Constitution, which states that the president \"shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court.\" Although the Constitution refers to them as \"Judges of the Supreme Court\", the title actually used is \"Associate Justice\", introduced in the Judiciary Act of 1789.[1] Associate justices were traditionally styled \"Mr. Justice\" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to \"Justice\" in 1980, a year before Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female justice.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1295396", "text": "An official Disney.com blog Oh My Disney stated the Evil Queen has been \"the original Disney villain, and we\u2019re really not exaggerating.\"[311] According to The Daily Telegraph, La Verne's role as the Queen \"was credited as the model for such future villains as Ursula in The Little Mermaid (1989) and Scar in The Lion King (1994).\"[46] Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty inherited a number of characteristics from the Queen, including the cowl, high collar, billowing cloak, arched eyebrows, cruel lips, and raven familiar. An abandoned concept from Snow White was that the Queen kidnap the Prince and lock him in her dungeon; similarly, in Sleeping Beauty, Maleficent kidnaps Prince Philip.[312] Lady Bane, a vain evil sorceress from Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears, too bears a similarity to the Evil Queen in her costume and character. Four wicked witches of the East, West, North and South, resembling the Witch from Disney's Snow White, are also the villains Mickey has to kill to save Disneyland in 1988's Mickey Mouse: The Computer Game.[313] The first names for the magic-wielding antagonist couple The Glooms in Disney XD's own series The 7D (2014) \u2015 set in a timeframe before the Seven Dwarfs first met Snow White \u2015 might have been inspired by the Evil Queen character's alternate name \"Grimhilde\", with the bumbling warlock husband named \"Grim\" and the determined witch wife named \"Hildy\"."}
{"id": "doc1296606", "text": "The fact that a contract is one of utmost good faith does not mean, however, that it gives rise to a general fiduciary relationship. The relationship between insured and insurer is not akin to the relationship between, say, guardian and ward, principal and agent,[3] or trustee and beneficiary. In these latter instances, the inherent character of the relationship is such that the law has traditionally imported general fiduciary obligations. The insurer-insured relationship is contractual; the parties are parties to an arms-length agreement. The principle of uberrima fides does not affect the arms-length nature of the agreement, and cannot be used to find a general fiduciary relationship. The insurance contract, as noted above, imposes certain specific obligations on its parties. These obligations, however, do not import general fiduciary duties into each and every insurance relationship. Before such fiduciary obligations can be imported there must be specific circumstances in the relationship that call for their imposition."}
{"id": "doc1297270", "text": "A remixed and remastered version of the 1977 album The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl was released on 9 September 2016, to coincide with the release of the film.[14][15]"}
{"id": "doc1297326", "text": "In his book about courtly life in ancient Japan, The World of the Shining Prince, Ivan Morris compares mono no aware to Virgil's term lacrimae rerum, Latin for \"tears of things\".[2]"}
{"id": "doc1298513", "text": "She played Jude in all three Bridget Jones films and Moaning Myrtle in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). She co-starred in the British film Close Your Eyes (2002) along with Goran Vi\u0161nji\u0107 and Miranda Otto and also played French princess Sophie-Philippine in Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette (2006)."}
{"id": "doc1298637", "text": "A large part of the filming for the first season took place in Toronto and the Republic of Ireland. The third and fourth seasons were also largely filmed in Toronto. Rockwood Conservation Area near Guelph, Ontario and Parkwood Estate in Oshawa, Ontario have also been used to mimic 16th-century Scotland for the show's production.[26][22][27][28]"}
{"id": "doc1299060", "text": "Gavin & Stacey is a British romantic situation comedy that follows the long-distance relationship of Gavin (Mathew Horne) from Billericay in Essex, England, and Stacy (Joanna Page) from Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. The writers of the show, actors James Corden and Ruth Jones, also co-star as Gavin and Stacey's friends, Smithy and Nessa. Other prominent cast members include Alison Steadman and Larry Lamb, who play Gavin's parents, Pam and Mick, and Melanie Walters and Rob Brydon, who portray Stacey's mother, Gwen, and her uncle, Bryn."}
{"id": "doc1299275", "text": "Tom Winter (Robert Hogan, 1968\u20131969, episodes 419\u2013514)"}
{"id": "doc1300782", "text": "Finally, articles 18(I),184(I), and 195(I) of the Taiwanese Civil Code address the \"personality right\" to privacy and the right to compensation when one injures the \"rights\" of another, such as when someone uses another's name illegally.[69]"}
{"id": "doc1301755", "text": "In Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries, there has been particular devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel, who has been adopted as a patron saint of several places, as she has been in other Catholic-majority countries. In addition, Carmen and Mar\u00c3\u00ada del Carmen have been popular given names for girls in Spanish-speaking countries. For example, an annual festival, known as Mamacha Carmen, is held in the highland Paucartambo District, Peru, featuring a procession with the Virgin and traditional dancers. Veneration of the Virgen del Carmen (often also associated with the Stella Maris) is particularly strong in coastal towns of Spain."}
{"id": "doc1301778", "text": "Oaxaca, Mexico"}
{"id": "doc1304447", "text": "The growing environmental movement of the early 1970s also influenced the ethical and practical evolution of HSUS. The burgeoning crisis of pollution and wildlife-habitat loss made the public increasingly aware that humans needed to change their behavior toward other living things. By that time, too, the treatment of animals had become a topic of serious discussion within moral philosophy."}
{"id": "doc1304637", "text": "In the video game, Ken's name became Kevin in order to give a feel of a \"looser\" video game adaptation and to reference Double Dragon 3 where \"Billy\" was mis-introduced as \"Bimmy.\"[43]"}
{"id": "doc1305242", "text": "Here is the part of Haile Selassie\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s speech put to music by Marley in his original song \"War\" (Bob Marley slightly modified the original words, changing each \"that until\" to \"until\" and added the word \"war\" several times):"}
{"id": "doc1306761", "text": "\"Not So Suite 16\"; \"Neither a Borrower Nor a Speller Bee\"; \n\"Kept Man\"; \"Volley Dad\""}
{"id": "doc1307727", "text": "A genus (/\u02c8d\u0292i\u02d0n\u0259s/, pl.\u00a0genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus."}
{"id": "doc1307736", "text": "Within the same kingdom one generic name can apply to only one genus. However, many names have been assigned (usually unintentionally) to two or more different genera. For example, the platypus belongs to the genus Ornithorhynchus although George Shaw named it Platypus in 1799 (these two names are thus synonyms). However, the name Platypus had already been given to a group of ambrosia beetles by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1793. A name that means two different things is a homonym. Since beetles and platypuses are both members of the kingdom Animalia, the name could not be used for both. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach published the replacement name Ornithorhynchus in 1800."}
{"id": "doc1308445", "text": "The game is available on the Wii, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, Microsoft Windows, OS X, iOS and Android. The OS X version of the game was released on 22 February 2011 by Feral Interactive.[1][3] The game was released for the PlayStation 4 on 21 October 2016, as part of the Lego Harry Potter Collection, which bundles the game with its sequel, Lego Harry Potter: Years 5\u20137.[4] Other versions of the game were released on 29 June 2010 in North America, 25 June 2010 in Europe, and 30 June 2010 in Australia."}
{"id": "doc1310966", "text": "In April 2005, Robinson declared for the NBA draft, forgoing his final year of college eligibility.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1311000", "text": "In June 2016, Robinson had a tryout with the Seattle Seahawks.[68]"}
{"id": "doc1311119", "text": "Filming took place at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. The castle scenes were shot on location at Corfe Castle, Dorset, England.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1312663", "text": "In consequence of the atonement of Jesus Christ, a son or daughter of God the Father may overcome physical and spiritual death and return to live with God forever. Those individuals who receive this\u2014which is described as the \"greatest gift of God\"[92]\u2014are said to enter into a state of \"exaltation\" after they are resurrected.[79] Exaltation is also called \"salvation\" or \"eternal life\".[93]"}
{"id": "doc1313601", "text": "Co-starring with Jackson was former Playboy centerfold Ola Ray. The video was choreographed by Michael Peters (who had worked with the singer on his prior hit \"Beat It\"), and Jackson. Jackson contacted Landis after seeing his film An American Werewolf in London; make-up artist Rick Baker and composer Elmer Bernstein (who composed incidental music for the video) were also brought from the film to work on the video. The video (like the song) contains a spoken word performance by horror film veteran Vincent Price. \"Thriller\" was the third and final video for the Thriller album. The red jacket that Jackson wore was designed by Landis' wife Deborah Landis to make him appear more \"virile\".[9]"}
{"id": "doc1313629", "text": "In December 2009, the music video for \"Thriller\" was selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, \"Thriller\" is the first music video to ever be inducted.[37] The Registry explained, \"because of the way the recording industry is evolving and changing, we thought it would be good to go back to the development of an earlier seismic shift, which was the development of the music video\"[34] and described the music video as being \"the most famous music video of all time\".[38] The coordinator of the National Film Preservation Board, who decides upon candidates for inclusion in the National Film Registry, Steve Legett, noted that the music video was considered for induction for years, but was chosen mainly due to Jackson's death that year.[39] In a poll conducted by Myspace in 2010, which asked over one thousand users on their site to name the most influential music video of all time from a list of twenty videos selected by music and entertainment critics, Michael Jackson's Thriller was voted the most influential video.[40]"}
{"id": "doc1313800", "text": "Juan Gris, 1914, The Sunblind, collage and oil on canvas, 92 \u00d7 72.5\u00a0cm"}
{"id": "doc1314852", "text": "A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Subsets of the prime numbers may be generated with various formulas for primes. The first 1000 primes are listed below, followed by lists of notable types of prime numbers in alphabetical order, giving their respective first terms. 1 is neither prime nor composite."}
{"id": "doc1314857", "text": "Primes such that the sum of digits with 10 as the base is a prime."}
{"id": "doc1314899", "text": "As of June 2017, these are the only known double Mersenne primes, and number theorists think these are probably the only double Mersenne primes."}
{"id": "doc1314900", "text": "Eisenstein integers that are irreducible and real numbers (primes of the form 3n\u00a0\u2212\u00a01)."}
{"id": "doc1314917", "text": "Primes in the Fibonacci sequence F0\u00a0=\u00a00, F1\u00a0=\u00a01, Fn = Fn\u22121 + Fn\u22122."}
{"id": "doc1314944", "text": "a = 8: 73 (the only prime for a = 8)"}
{"id": "doc1314963", "text": "37, 59, 67, 101, 103, 131, 149, 157, 233, 257, 263, 271, 283, 293, 307, 311, 347, 353, 379, 389, 401, 409, 421, 433, 461, 463, 467, 491, 523, 541, 547, 557, 577, 587, 593, 607, 613 (\u00e2\u20ac\u0160A000928)"}
{"id": "doc1314964", "text": "Primes p such that (p, p\u00e2\u02c6\u20195) is an irregular pair.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1314979", "text": "Lucky numbers that are prime."}
{"id": "doc1314995", "text": "Newman\u2013Shanks\u2013Williams numbers that are prime."}
{"id": "doc1315001", "text": "All prime numbers except 2 are odd."}
{"id": "doc1315015", "text": "Primes in the Perrin number sequence P(0)\u00a0=\u00a03, P(1)\u00a0=\u00a00, P(2)\u00a0=\u00a02, P(n)\u00a0=\u00a0P(n\u22122)\u00a0+\u00a0P(n\u22123)."}
{"id": "doc1315064", "text": "Where p and 2p+1 are both prime."}
{"id": "doc1315074", "text": "2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 41, 47, 59, 71 (\u00e2\u20ac\u0160A002267)"}
{"id": "doc1315083", "text": "Where (p, p+2) are both prime."}
{"id": "doc1315096", "text": "As of 2015[update], no Wall-Sun-Sun primes are known."}
{"id": "doc1315097", "text": "Wedderburn-Etherington numbers that are prime."}
{"id": "doc1315109", "text": "As of 2015[update], these are the only known Wolstenholme primes."}
{"id": "doc1315443", "text": "Atole served at the Atole Fair in Coacalco de Berrioz\u00e1bal, State of Mexico"}
{"id": "doc1316312", "text": "The country has a bicameral legislature and a political party system, based on universal adult suffrage and fair elections. The Senate has 21 members, appointed by the Governor-General on behalf of the monarch, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition, and seven in the Governor-General\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s sole discretion. The House of Assembly has 30 members, all elected. Both houses debate all legislation. However, the House of Assembly may override Senate's rejection of money bills and other bills except bills amending the Constitution."}
{"id": "doc1316703", "text": "The 3\u00e2\u20ac\u00b2-end of nascent messenger RNA is the site of post-transcriptional polyadenylation, which attaches a chain of 50 to 250 adenosine residues to produce mature messenger RNA. This chain helps in determining how long the messenger RNA lasts in the cell, influencing how much protein is produced from it."}
{"id": "doc1319036", "text": "Once the S-curve is established, the committee must place the teams throughout the four regions. They were originally referred to as East, Mideast, Midwest, and West. In 1985, the Mideast designation became the Southeast, and later the South Regional in 1998. The women's tournament continued to use the Mideast terminology through 2004. In 2004, the NCAA started to identify the men's regions only by the city in which the regional semifinals and finals were played, with the same change being made for the women's tournament in 2005. The NCAA reverted to the East/South/Midwest/West designations for the men's tournament starting in 2007, but continues to designate women's regionals by their cities. Typically the cities selected will be spread throughout the country and conform roughly to the old geographic distinctions. While the regions are named for certain cities, the first and second round games are played in different cities which need not be anywhere near the regional finals. In 2005 the Austin, Texas men's regional was fed by games in Indianapolis, Indiana; Tucson, Arizona; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Worcester, Massachusetts. This is due to the \"pod\" system enacted before the 2002 tournament to minimize travel for as many teams as possible, especially in the early rounds. Any team may be sent to any region and any pod, although the tournament does try to keep teams, especially the top-seeded teams, closer to home. However, in 2004, Pittsburgh played its first two tournament games in Milwaukee and not in Buffalo or Columbus, cities to which it was closer. This was done to keep a lower-seeded team, the Wisconsin Badgers, close to its campus. Similarly, two east-coast teams, Maryland and Syracuse, traveled to Denver, where their opening round opponents were BYU and UTEP, both of which were geographically closer to Denver. In addition, in 2009, Kansas and West Virginia, the two higher seeds, traveled to Minneapolis to play their opponents North Dakota State and Dayton, although Dayton and North Dakota State are geographically closer to Minneapolis than Kansas and West Virginia. To make matters worse for both latter teams, Kansas City (Kansas) and Greensboro NC (West Virginia) were both 1st-2nd round sites that year."}
{"id": "doc1319038", "text": "Teams are spread out according to conference. The first three teams selected from each conference must be placed in different regions (with a slight exception in 2014, when 11th seed play-in team Tennessee was placed in the Midwest Region with conference foe 8th seed Kentucky). When a conference has more than three teams in the tournament, the committee tries to seed the teams so that they cannot meet until the regional final. Before 2006, this was an absolute rule. However, in the summer of 2005, the NCAA changed its rules to allow intraconference matchups as early as the second round of the tournament, assuming that all measures to keep the teams apart until the regional finals have been exhausted. The NCAA was preparing for the chance that a conference would place more than eight teams in the tournament, which became a realistic possibility when the Big East, already a power conference, expanded to 16 members, with several of the new members having traditionally strong programs. The Big East placed a record eleven teams in the 2011 Tournament and nine teams in the 2012 Tournament. Although the Big East split into two leagues in 2013, the issue of conferences placing more than eight teams in the tournament remained, due to several other leagues expanding in the early 2010s (notably the ACC to 15, and the Big Ten and SEC to 14 each)."}
{"id": "doc1319077", "text": "He also played a patient named Joe Dugan (a campaign manager of a New Jersey senator) in the House episode of \"Office Politics\" in 2010."}
{"id": "doc1320382", "text": "According to Igor A. Shiklomanov, it takes 2500 years for the complete recharge and replenishment of oceanic waters, 10,000 years for permafrost and ice, 1500 years for deep groundwater and mountainous glaciers, 17 years in lakes and 16 days in rivers.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1321056", "text": "Daniel Bell popularized the term through his 1974 work The Coming of Post-Industrial Society.[2] Although some have credited Bell with coining the term,[3] French sociologist Alain Touraine published in 1969 the first major work on the post-industrial society. The term was also used extensively by social philosopher Ivan Illich in his 1973 paper Tools for Conviviality. and appears occasionally in Leftist texts throughout the mid-to-late 1960s.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1321073", "text": "One of the word's early users, Ivan Illich, prefigured this criticism and invented the term Conviviality, or the Convivial Society, to stand as a positive description of his version of a post-industrial society."}
{"id": "doc1321248", "text": "After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Senate continued to function under the barbarian chieftain Odoacer, and then under Theoderic the Great who founded the Ostrogothic Kingdom. The authority of the Senate rose considerably under barbarian leaders who sought to protect the institution. This period was characterized by the rise of prominent Roman senatorial families such as the Anicii, while the Senate's leader, the princeps senatus, often served as the right hand of the barbarian leader. It is known that the Senate installed Laurentius as antipope in 498 despite the fact that both King Theodoric and Emperor Anastasius supported Pope Symmachus."}
{"id": "doc1321778", "text": "A friend in the film industry helped get him a few bit parts that brought him to the attention of Warner Bros., which was developing a western style television series."}
{"id": "doc1321868", "text": "In 1937, the Red Army had assigned engineer Mikhail Koshkin to lead a new team to design a replacement for the BT tanks at the Kharkiv Komintern Locomotive Plant (KhPZ). The prototype tank, designated A-20, was specified with 20\u00a0mm (0.8\u00a0in) of armour, a 45\u00a0mm (1.77\u00a0in) gun, and the new Model V-2-34 engine, using less-flammable diesel fuel in a V12 configuration designed by Konstantin Chelpan. It also had an 8\u00d76-wheel convertible drive similar to the BT tank's 8\u00d72, which allowed it to run on wheels without caterpillar tracks.[13] This feature had greatly saved on maintenance and repair of the unreliable tank tracks of the early 1930s, and allowed tanks to exceed 85 kilometres per hour (53\u00a0mph) on roads, but gave no advantage in combat and its complexity made it difficult to maintain. By 1937\u201338, track design had improved and the designers considered it a waste of space, weight, and maintenance resources, despite the road speed advantage.[14] The A-20 also incorporated previous research (BT-IS and BT-SW-2 projects) into sloped armour: its all-round sloped armour plates were more likely to deflect rounds than perpendicular armour.[15]"}
{"id": "doc1321871", "text": "Valuable lessons from Lake Khasan and Khalkhin Gol regarding armour protection, mobility, quality welding, and main guns were incorporated into the new T-34 tank, which represented a substantial improvement over the BT and T-26 tanks in all four areas.[22] Koshkin's team completed two prototype T-34s in January 1940. In April and May, they underwent a grueling 2,000-kilometre (1,200\u00c2\u00a0mi) drive from Kharkiv to Moscow for a demonstration for the Kremlin leaders, to the Mannerheim Line in Finland, and back to Kharkiv via Minsk and Kiev.[21] Some drivetrain shortcomings were identified and corrected.[23]"}
{"id": "doc1321876", "text": "Subassemblies for the T-34 originated at several plants: Kharkiv Diesel Factory N.75 supplied the model V-2-34 engine, Leningrad Kirovsky Factory (formerly the Putilov works) made the original L-11 gun, and the Dinamo Factory in Moscow produced electrical components. Tanks were initially built at KhPZ N.183, in early 1941 at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory (STZ), and starting in July at Krasnoye Sormovo Factory N.112 in Gorky.[26][notes 1]"}
{"id": "doc1321878", "text": "While these factories were being rapidly moved, the industrial complex surrounding the Dzherzhinski Tractor Factory in Stalingrad continued to work double shifts throughout the period of withdrawal (September 1941 to September 1942) to make up for production lost, and produced 40% of all T-34s during the period.[32] As the factory became surrounded by heavy fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942, the situation there grew desperate: manufacturing innovations were necessitated by material shortages, and stories persist of unpainted T-34 tanks driven out of the factory directly to the battlefields around it.[33] Stalingrad kept up production until September 1942."}
{"id": "doc1321882", "text": "At the start of the war, T-34s comprised about four percent of the Soviet tank arsenal, but by the end it made up at least 55% of tank production (based on figures from;[40] Zheltov 2001 lists even larger numbers)."}
{"id": "doc1321883", "text": "Following the end of the war, a further 2,701 T-34s were built prior to the end of Soviet production. Under licence, production was restarted in Poland (1951\u201355) and Czechoslovakia (1951\u201358), where 1,380 and 3,185 T-34-85s were made, respectively, by 1956.[41] Altogether, as many as 84,070 T-34s are thought to have been built, plus 13,170 self-propelled guns built on T-34 chassis.[42] It was the most-produced tank of the Second World War, and the second most-produced tank of all time, after its successor, the T-54/55 series.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1321884", "text": "The T-34 had well-sloped armour, a relatively powerful engine and wide tracks.[27] The initial T-34 version had a powerful 76.2\u00a0mm gun, and is often called the T-34/76 (originally a World War II German designation, never used by the Red Army). In 1944, a second major version began production, the T-34-85, with a larger 85\u00a0mm gun intended to deal with newer German tanks.[27]"}
{"id": "doc1321892", "text": "The F-34 76.2\u00a0mm (3\u00a0in) gun, fitted on the vast majority of T-34s produced through to the beginning of 1944, was able to penetrate any early German tank's armour at normal combat ranges. When firing APCR shells, it could pierce 92\u00a0mm of armour at 500 m.[57] The best German tanks of 1941, the Panzer III and Panzer IV, had no more than 50 or 60\u00a0mm frontal armour.[58] The F-34 also fired an adequate high explosive round."}
{"id": "doc1321904", "text": "The T-34's wide track and good suspension gave it excellent cross-country performance. Early in the tank's life, however, this advantage was greatly reduced by the numerous teething troubles the design displayed: a long road trip could be a lethal exercise for a T-34 tank at the start of the war. When in June 1941, the 8th Mechanised Corps of D.I. Ryabyshev marched towards Dubno, the corps lost half of its vehicles. A.V. Bodnar, who was in combat in 1941-42, recalled:"}
{"id": "doc1321914", "text": "Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, its invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June 1941. The existence of the T-34 proved a psychological shock to German soldiers, who had expected to face an inferior enemy.[77] The T-34 was superior to any tank the Germans then had in service. Initially, the Wehrmacht had great difficulty destroying T-34s in combat, as standard German anti-tank weaponry proved ineffective against its heavy, sloped armour. The diary of Alfred Jodl seems to express surprise at the appearance of the T-34 in Riga.[78]"}
{"id": "doc1321924", "text": "The Soviet high command's decision to focus on one cost-effective design, cutting costs and simplifying production wherever possible while only allowing relatively minor improvements, had proven to be an astute choice for the first two years of the war. However, the battles in the summer of 1943 demonstrated that the 76.2\u00c2\u00a0mm gun of the T-34 was no longer as effective as it was in 1941. Soviet tank crews were unable to penetrate the frontal armour of the new German Panther or Tiger I tanks at standard combat ranges without tungsten rounds, and had to rely on tactical skill through flanking maneuvers and combined arms.[95]"}
{"id": "doc1321929", "text": "The T-34-85 gave the Red Army a tank with better armour and mobility than the German Panzer IV tank and StuG III assault gun. While it could not match the armour or weapons of the heavier Panther and Tiger tanks, its improved firepower made it much more effective than earlier models. In comparison with the T-34-85 program, the Germans instead chose an upgrade path based on the introduction of completely new, expensive, heavier, and more complex tanks, greatly slowing the growth of their tank production and aiding the Soviets in maintaining a substantial numerical superiority in tanks.[105] By May 1944, T-34-85 production had reached 1,200 tanks per month.[106] In the entire war, production figures for all Panther types reached no more than 6,557, and for all Tiger types 2,027.[107] Production figures for the T-34-85 alone reached 22,559.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1321931", "text": "The first captured T-34s entered German service during the summer of 1941. In order to prevent recognition mistakes, large-dimension crosses or even swastikas were painted on the tanks, including on top of the turret, in order to prevent strikes from Axis aircraft. Modified T-34s were also used as artillery tractors, recovery vehicles, and ammunition carriers. Badly damaged tanks were either dug in as pillboxes or were used for testing and training purposes."}
{"id": "doc1321939", "text": "Czechoslovak-produced T-34-85s were used by Egypt in the Arab-Israeli Wars of 1956 and 1967 in the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt went on to build the T-34-100, a local and unique conversion that was made up of a Soviet BS-3 100\u00c2\u00a0mm heavy field-artillery gun mounted within a modified turret of the T-34-85. In 1956, they were used as regular tanks to support Egyptian infantry, but by 1967, they were simply dug in to be used as defensive gun-emplacements. Israel captured many of Egypt's T-34-85s but it is unknown if they ever saw active service in the Israeli Army, but it is known that the captured Egyptian T-34-85s were re-painted by Israel and also displayed on parade after the Suez Crisis of 1956 with Israeli Army markings."}
{"id": "doc1321967", "text": "The T-34 (German designation: T-34/76) was the original tank with a 76.2\u00c2\u00a0mm gun in a two-man turret."}
{"id": "doc1322161", "text": "The following C code fragment illustrates the difference between the pre and post increment and decrement operators:"}
{"id": "doc1323081", "text": "As of the 2016 UEFA Club Rankings.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1323591", "text": "1 (23) \"The Eternity Ring\"2 (24) \"The Cage\"  3 (25) \"Sunflower\""}
{"id": "doc1324046", "text": "The soft lead Mini\u00e9 ball was first introduced in 1847 by Claude-\u00c9tienne Mini\u00e9, a captain in the French Army. It was another improvement of the work done by Delvigne. As designed by Mini\u00e9, the bullet was conical in shape with a hollow cavity in the rear, which was fitted with a small iron cap instead of a wooden plug. When fired, the iron cap would force itself into the hollow cavity at the rear of the bullet, thus expanding the sides of the bullet to grip and engage the rifling. In 1855, the British adopted the Mini\u00e9 ball for their Enfield rifles. In 1855 James Burton, a machinist at the US Armory at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia improved the Mini\u00e9 Ball further by eliminating the metal cup in the bottom of the bullet.[23][24] The Mini\u00e9 ball first saw widespread use in the American Civil War. Roughly 90% of the battlefield casualties in this war were caused by Mini\u00e9 balls fired from rifled muskets.[25]"}
{"id": "doc1324516", "text": "The character has been featured in various media adaptations, such as feature films, television series and video games. For example, the Riddler has been voiced by John Glover in the DC animated universe, Robert Englund in The Batman, and Wally Wingert in the Batman: Arkham series and Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders. His live-action portrayals include Frank Gorshin and John Astin in the 1960s Batman television series, Jim Carrey in the 1995 film Batman Forever, and Cory Michael Smith in the television show Gotham. In 2009, The Riddler was ranked as IGN's 59th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1324848", "text": "Iqbal was the first patron of Tolu-e-Islam, a historical, political, religious and cultural journal of the Muslims of British India. In 1935, according to his instructions, Syed Nazeer Niazi initiated and edited the journal,[40] named after the famous poem of Iqbal, Tulu'i Islam. Niazi also dedicated the first edition of this journal to Iqbal. For a long time, Iqbal wanted a journal to propagate his ideas and the aims and objectives of the All India Muslim League. The journal played an important role in the Pakistan movement.[34]"}
{"id": "doc1325273", "text": "Also the Italian for \"German\", tedesco (local or archaic variants: todesco, tudesco, todisco), comes from the same Old High German root, although not the name for \"Germany\" (Germania). Also in the standardised Romansh language Germania is the normal name for Germany but in Sursilvan, Sutsilvan and Surmiran it is commonly referred to as Tiaratudestga, Tearatudestga and Tera tudestga respectively, with tiara/teara/tera meaning land. French words thiois, tudesque, th\u00c3\u00a9otisque and Thiogne and Spanish tudesco share this etymology."}
{"id": "doc1325284", "text": "In English, the name \"Almain\" or \"Alman\" was used for Germany and for the adjective German until the 16th century, with \"German\" first attested in 1520, used at first as an alternative then becoming a replacement, maybe inspired mainly by the need to differ them from the more and more independently acting Dutch. In Othello ii,3, (about 1603), for example, Shakespeare uses both \"German\" and \"Almain\" when Iago describes the drinking prowess of the English:"}
{"id": "doc1325295", "text": "In East Asia, the names have generally been imported directly from German \"deutsch\" or Dutch \"duits\" in various ways."}
{"id": "doc1325435", "text": "The seventeenth state to host the tournament was North Carolina in 1999, followed by Washington in 2015; Wisconsin is scheduled to be the nineteenth, in 2017."}
{"id": "doc1327525", "text": "In the 11th century in Persia, a calendar reform led by Khayyam was announced in 1079, where the length of the year was measured as 365.24219858156 days.[2] Given that the length of the year is changing in the sixth decimal place over a person's lifetime, this is outstandingly accurate. For comparison the length of the year at the end of the 19th century was 365.242196 days, while today it is 365.242190 days.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1328111", "text": "Barcelona were to show the match live from their Mini Estadi on a 70-metre (230\u00a0ft) television screen for an estimated audience of 15,276. Before the final an estimated 1.2 million people converged on to the streets of Barcelona, as the team toured the city on two open-top double-decker buses to celebrate winning La Liga. Arsenal went into the match with the record for the longest time without a conceding a goal. They had gone 919 minutes without conceding since conceding against AFC Ajax in the group stages. Arsenal were featuring in their first European final six years to the day since their last final. They faced Galatasaray in the 2000 UEFA Cup Final; the match had finished goalless after 90 minutes and extra time. Arsenal lost the subsequent penalty shootout 4\u20131. Of the players who featured in that final, only Thierry Henry and Dennis Bergkamp remained at the club, whilst Sylvinho, who had featured for Arsenal in the final, was now a Barcelona player.[15]"}
{"id": "doc1328113", "text": "Neither side had been beaten en route to the final, with Arsenal only conceding two goals in their 12 matches before the final, including a record ten successive matches without conceding. Barcelona, on the other hand, had scored 114 goals in all competitions before the final. The two finalists were guaranteed a financial windfall from their progress to the final. Arsenal would receive a revenue of around \u20ac37.3\u00a0million if they won and approximately \u20ac34.7\u00a0million if they lost. Barcelona would earn \u20ac31.5\u00a0million from revenue if they won, and around \u20ac28.9\u00a0million if they were to lose. Included in the total for participating in the final, the UEFA Champions League winners would collect approximately \u20ac6.4\u00a0million, with the runners-up receiving approximately \u20ac3.8\u00a0million.[20] The final marked the appearance of a new trophy following Liverpool's triumph over Milan the previous year. As Liverpool won the competition for the fifth time they were entitled to keep the trophy, creating the need for a new trophy.[21]"}
{"id": "doc1328955", "text": "The primary decay mode before the most abundant isotope, 102Ru, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before 102Ru is technetium and the primary decay product after is rhodium.[12][13]"}
{"id": "doc1329011", "text": "In addition to Impression: Sunrise (pictured above), Monet presented four oil paintings and seven pastels. Among the paintings he displayed was The Luncheon (1868), which features Camille Doncieux and Jean Monet, and which had been rejected by the Paris Salon of 1870.[29] Also in this exhibition was a painting titled Boulevard des Capucines, a painting of the boulevard done from the photographer Nadar's apartment at no. 35. Monet painted the subject twice, and it is uncertain which of the two pictures, that now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, or that in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, was the painting that appeared in the groundbreaking 1874 exhibition, though more recently the Moscow picture has been favoured.[30][31] Altogether, 165 works were exhibited in the exhibition, including 4 oils, 2 pastels and 3 watercolours by Morisot; 6 oils and 1 pastel by Renoir; 10 works by Degas; 5 by Pissarro; 3 by C\u00e9zanne; and 3 by Guillaumin. Several works were on loan, including C\u00e9zanne's Modern Olympia, Morisot's Hide and Seek (owned by Manet) and 2 landscapes by Sisley that had been purchased by Durand-Ruel.[26][27][28]"}
{"id": "doc1329035", "text": "The Studio Boat, 1874, Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands"}
{"id": "doc1329094", "text": "Water lilies (Yellow Nirwana), 1920, The National Gallery, London, London"}
{"id": "doc1329122", "text": "According to van den Hoek, Mann and Jahns (1995):"}
{"id": "doc1330250", "text": "On 13 February 2009, former Men at Work band member Ron Strykert was arrested for allegedly making death threats against Hay.[14][15]"}
{"id": "doc1332302", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la B\u00eate) is a 2014 Franco-German romantic fantasy film based on the traditional fairy tale of the same name by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. Written by Christophe Gans and Sandra Vo-Anh and directed by Gans, the film stars L\u00e9a Seydoux as Belle and Vincent Cassel as the Beast.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1332310", "text": "In France, the film received positive reviews.[12] France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions called the film Christophe Gans' \"greatest success\". They praised the colours and contrasts of the landscape, which they said recalled the work of American painter Maxfield Parrish, and the visual style, which they compared to films by Mario Bava and Tsui Hark. They also noted that Gans had successfully differentiated the film from the source material and prior adaptations, while keeping the \"spirit\" of the original story.[13] Laurent Pecha of EcranLarge remarked that while the film was \"far from perfect\", it was \"so ambitious\" compared to the \"doldrums\" of French cinema that Gans won her over. She called the introduction \"spectacular\" and praised Gans for his willingness to make the audience believe the \"incredible and improbable love story\", praising the \"excellent\" Seydoux and Cassel.[14] Writing for TF1, Olivier Corriez gave the film 4 stars out of 5 and remarked that it was not easy to offer a modern interpretation of Beauty and the Beast as it had been adapted so many times before, but found Gans' film \"flamboyant\" but \"accessible to all audiences\". He said that it \"plays wonderfully on contrasts\" and praised Seydoux for her \"charm and tenderness\" and Cassel for providing \"brutality [and] weakness.\"[15]"}
{"id": "doc1333507", "text": "Any units of angular measure could have been chosen for right ascension, but it is customarily measured in hours (h), minutes (m), and seconds (s), with 24h being equivalent to a full circle. Astronomers have chosen this unit to measure right ascension because they measure a star's location by timing its passage through the highest point in the sky as the Earth rotates. The highest point in the sky, called meridian, is the projection of a longitude line onto the celestial sphere. Since a complete circle contains 24h of right ascension or 360\u00b0 (degrees of arc), \u200a1\u204424 of a circle is measured as 1h of right ascension, or 15\u00b0; \u200a1\u2044(24\u00d760) of a circle is measured as 1m of right ascension, or 15 minutes of arc (also written as 15\u2032); and \u200a1\u2044(24\u00d760\u00d760) of a circle contains 1s of right ascension, or 15 seconds of arc (also written as 15\u2033). A full circle, measured in right-ascension units, contains 24\u2009\u00d7\u200960\u2009\u00d7\u200960 = 86\u2009400s, or 24\u2009\u00d7\u200960 = 1\u2009440m, or 24h.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1333905", "text": "Sustainable development seeks to combat the idea that, while moving away from traditional sources of energy, civilisation would be forced to sacrifice growth, innovation, and progress. The 1983 World Commission on Environment and Development, convened by UN General Assembly, provided the most-cited definition of the concept: \"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.\" This aspiration contains within it two key concepts:"}
{"id": "doc1334192", "text": "Combat experience against the French Somua S35 cavalry tank and Char B1 heavy tank, and the British Matilda II infantry tanks during the Battle of France in June 1940 showed that the German Army needed better armed and armoured tanks.[14]"}
{"id": "doc1334203", "text": "The ammunition for the Tiger had electrically fired primers. Four types of ammunition were available but not all were fully available; the PzGr 40 shell used tungsten, which was in short supply as the war progressed."}
{"id": "doc1334215", "text": "In 1943, Japan bought several specimens of German tank designs for study. A single Tiger I was apparently purchased, along with a Panther and two Panzer IIIs, but only the Panzer IIIs were actually delivered.[37] The undelivered Tiger was loaned to the German Wehrmacht by the Japanese government."}
{"id": "doc1334238", "text": "Efforts were hastened to get cruiser tanks armed with 17-pounder guns into operation. The A30 Challenger was already at the prototype stage in 1942,[67] but this tank was relatively unprotected, having a front hull thickness of 64\u00c2\u00a0mm, and in the end was fielded in only limited numbers (around 200 were ordered in 1943), though crews liked it for its high speed. The Sherman Firefly, armed with the 17-pounder, was a notable success even though it was only intended to be a stopgap design. Fireflies were successfully used against Tigers; in one engagement, a single Firefly destroyed three Tigers in 12 minutes with five rounds.[68] Over 2,000 Fireflies were built during the war. Five different 17-pounder-armed British designs saw combat during the war: the A30 Challenger, the A34 Comet (using the OQF 77mm HV variant), the Sherman Firefly, the 17pdr SP Achilles, and the 17pdr SP Archer self-propelled gun, while one more, the A41 Centurion, was about to enter service as the European war ended. In 1944 the British introduced an APDS round for the 17-pounder, which increased penetration performance considerably."}
{"id": "doc1334550", "text": "The series follows a group of park rangers as they work through their daily lives in the fictional Brickleberry National Park near Hazlehurst in the Driftless Region of Illinois."}
{"id": "doc1335341", "text": "Outdoor street scenes were filmed on 1st Avenue and 100th Street in East Harlem. The outdoor school scenes were filmed on the same block, at Junior High School 99 at 410 East 100th Street (now the Renaissance Charter High School for Innovation).[3][4] Some indoor school and classroom scenes were filmed at the former Haaren HS on 59th St and 10th Ave (today's John Jay College of Criminal Justice), and a production studio in Chelsea."}
{"id": "doc1335520", "text": "In 1994, Schwimmer was cast as Dr. Ross Geller in NBC's situation comedy Friends, a series that revolved around a group of friends who live near each other in Manhattan. He played a hopeless-romantic paleontologist who works at a museum and later becomes a professor at a university. Schwimmer initially turned down the role as Ross, but accepted later.[10] Executive producer Kevin S. Bright said that he had previously worked with Schwimmer,[11] the character of Ross was written with him in mind, and he was the first actor cast.[10] The show debuted on September 22, 1994, and was watched by almost 22\u00c2\u00a0million American viewers.[12] Friends quickly developed a loyal audience, with the show and Schwimmer receiving strong reviews. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette was complimentary of Schwimmer, calling him \"terrific\".[13] Variety's television reviewer, said: \"All six of the principals, especially (Courteney) Cox and Schwimmer, appear resourceful and display sharp sitcom skills\".[14] For this performance, he earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995.[15]"}
{"id": "doc1335898", "text": "Special legal entities are created with the addition of status terms: Estate, Deceased, Orphan, Widow, Feme Covert (French), etc.[2][unreliable source]"}
{"id": "doc1336091", "text": "Note: In this table, time is expressed in Ephemeris Time (more precisely Terrestrial Time) with days of 86,400 SI seconds. Y is years since the epoch (2000), expressed in Julian years of 365.25\u00a0days. For calendric calculations, one would probably use days measured in the time scale of Universal Time, which follows the somewhat unpredictable rotation of the Earth, and progressively accumulates a difference with ephemeris time called \u0394T."}
{"id": "doc1336177", "text": "Before the core gameplay begins, a prologue cutscene is presented to the player, where an interviewer is questioning \"Mr. Afton\", supposedly the creator of the game's animatronic characters, on certain design choices he has made when building the animatronics. Afton lists several features of Circus Baby, such as her ability to make ice cream and inflate balloons at her fingertips. The interviewer is unsatisfied with this answer, as the features Afton mentioned were not what he was referring to. [1]"}
{"id": "doc1336187", "text": "The trailer for the game[9] was released on Cawthon's official YouTube page featuring new animatronics and a new location. The release date was later confirmed to be 7 October 2016.[8][10]"}
{"id": "doc1336590", "text": "Release Date: March 31, 2011"}
{"id": "doc1337053", "text": "Photoreceptors are capable of phototransduction, a process which converts light (electromagnetic radiation) into, among other types of energy, a membrane potential. The three primary types of photoreceptors are: Cones are photoreceptors which respond significantly to color. In humans the three different types of cones correspond with a primary response to short wavelength (blue), medium wavelength (green), and long wavelength (yellow/red).[7] Rods are photoreceptors which are very sensitive to the intensity of light, allowing for vision in dim lighting. The concentrations and ratio of rods to cones is strongly correlated with whether an animal is diurnal or nocturnal. In humans rods outnumber cones by approximately 20:1, while in nocturnal animals, such as the tawny owl, the ratio is closer to 1000:1.[7] Ganglion Cells reside in the adrenal medulla and retina where they are involved in the sympathetic response. Of the ~1.3 million ganglion cells present in the retina, 1-2% are believed to be photosensitive ganglia.[8] These photosensitive ganglia play a role in conscious vision for some animals,[9] and are believed to do the same in humans.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1338792", "text": "First, a reduction in aminoacyl-tRNA will cause the prokaryotic cell to respond by lowering transcription and translation. This occurs through a series of steps, beginning with stringent factors binding to ribosomes and catalyzing the reaction:\nGTP + ATP --> pppGpp + AMP"}
{"id": "doc1338793", "text": "The \u00ce\u00b3-phosphate is then removed and ppGpp will bind to and inhibit RNA polymerase. This binding causes a reduction in rRNA transcription. A reduced amount of rRNA means that ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) will be translated but will not have an rRNA to bind to. Instead, they will negatively feedback and bind to their own mRNA, repressing r-protein synthesis. Note that r-proteins preferentially bind to its complementary rRNA if it is present, rather than mRNA."}
{"id": "doc1339771", "text": "Sanchez takes Bond to his base, which is disguised as the headquarters of a religious cult. Bond learns that Sanchez's scientists can dissolve cocaine in petrol and then sell it disguised as fuel to Asian drug dealers. The televangelist Professor Joe Butcher serves as middleman, working under Sanchez's business manager Truman-Lodge. During Sanchez's presentation to potential Asian customers, Dario discovers Bond and betrays him to Sanchez. Bond starts a fire in the laboratory, but is captured again and placed on the conveyor belt that drops the brick-cocaine into a giant shredder. Bouvier arrives and shoots Dario, allowing Bond to pull Dario into the shredder, killing him."}
{"id": "doc1339975", "text": "The film was nominated for two Academy Awards and received an award from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD).[12][13][14]"}
{"id": "doc1340739", "text": "It was not released in Japan, Australia and New Zealand."}
{"id": "doc1340806", "text": "Guardiola finished the season by leading Bar\u00e7a to the final of the Champions League, where they beat Manchester United 2\u20130. In doing so, they became the first Spanish club to win the domestic cup, the league, and the European club titles (the treble) in the same season. The treble-winning season is regarded as one of the club's finest in its history[48] Furthermore, Guardiola became the youngest man to coach a Champions League winning team.[49]"}
{"id": "doc1341113", "text": "A Middle Assyrian letter during the reign of Shalmaneser I includes a reference to the \"travel to Canaan\" of an Assyrian official.[23]"}
{"id": "doc1341149", "text": "Just after the Amarna period a new problem arose which was to trouble the Egyptian control of southern Canaan (the rest of the region now being under Assyrian control). Pharaoh Horemhab campaigned against Shasu (Egyptian = \"wanderers\") or living in nomadic pastoralist tribes, who had moved across the Jordan to threaten Egyptian trade through Galilee and Jezreel. Seti I (c. 1290\u00c2\u00a0BC) is said to have conquered these Shasu, Semitic-speaking nomads living just south and east of the Dead Sea, from the fortress of Taru (Shtir?) to \"Ka-n-'-na\". After the near collapse of the Battle of Kadesh, Rameses II had to campaign vigorously in Canaan to maintain Egyptian power. Egyptian forces penetrated into Moab and Ammon, where a permanent fortress garrison (Called simply \"Rameses\") was established."}
{"id": "doc1341888", "text": "Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/Punjabi: \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200e, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani business magnate and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2013 until disqualification for life by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2017. He had previously served as the Prime Minister twice in the 90s (1990\u201393 and 1997\u201399) and the Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990. He is Pakistan's longest-serving prime minister.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1341905", "text": "Sharif took steps to initiate Islamization and conservatism at once.[47] The continuation of conservative change in Pakistan society was encouraged, a policy started by Zia ul Haq. Reforms were made to introduce fiscal conservatism, supply-side economics, bioconservatism and religious conservatism in Pakistan.[47]"}
{"id": "doc1342042", "text": "Prime Minister Sharif has always been a staunch advocate of constructing nuclear reactors. In November 2013, Sharif ceremonially broke ground on a $9.59\u00c2\u00a0billion nuclear power complex to be built in Karachi. Upon completion, the reactors will produce 2200MW of electricity.[255] During the groundbreaking ceremony, Sharif stated that Pakistan will construct six nuclear power plants during his term in office.[256] He went on to say that Pakistan has plans on constructing a total of 32 nuclear power plants by 2050, which will generate more than 40,000MW of energy.[257] In February 2014, Sharif confirmed to the IAEA that all future civilian nuclear power plants and research reactors will voluntarily be put under IAEA safeguards.[258]"}
{"id": "doc1343239", "text": "Children's Day in Mexico started in 1925. This celebrarion had its origins during the \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n's presidential period after the country joined the Geneva Conventions and looking after the wellness of the vulnerable children affected by the World War I. Later, the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child was adopted on 26 November 1924 by the League of Nations recognizing that children are the most affected by the war events."}
{"id": "doc1343593", "text": "Only four members of Palin's film crew completed the circumnavigation: Clem Vallance, Roger Mills (the directors), Angela Elbourne, and Ann Holland (the production assistants). The three others who started with him left when they got to Hong Kong, and were replaced by others. Strictly speaking, it was only Palin who obeyed the rules of the journey, as the production team was not allowed on the road trip across Saudi Arabia and Qatar (Palin and Clem Vallance did this stretch) or on the Yugoslav ship (Palin and Nigel Meakin did this stretch). The remainder of the team flew on these stretches. During the Jeddah to Dubai episode, Palin managed to snap a few pictures which are seen in the documentary."}
{"id": "doc1344098", "text": "In July 2017, A24 acquired worldwide distribution rights to the film.[28] The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 1, 2017,[29] and screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2017,[30] and the New York Film Festival on October 8, 2017.[31] Focus Features acquired international distribution rights to the film.[32] It was released theatrically in the United States on November 3, 2017,[33] in the United Kingdom on February 16, 2018, and in Ireland on February 23, 2018.[34]"}
{"id": "doc1344965", "text": "Notaries in the United States are much less closely regulated than notaries in most other common-law countries, typically because U.S. notaries have little legal authority. In the United States, a lay notary may not offer legal advice or prepare documents - except in Louisiana and Puerto Rico - and in most cases cannot recommend how a person should sign a document or what type of notarization is necessary. There are some exceptions; for example, Florida notaries may take affidavits, draft inventories of safe deposit boxes, draft protests for payment of dishonored checks and promissory notes, and solemnize marriages. In most states, a notary can also certify or attest a copy or facsimile."}
{"id": "doc1345313", "text": "The exterior shots of locations intended to be in Des Moines, Iowa, Kearney, Nebraska, and Lincoln, Nebraska, were all filmed in Lincoln, Nebraska. Many scenes were filmed on or near the campus of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.[4] During filming in Lincoln, Debra Winger met the then-governor of Nebraska, Bob Kerrey, and wound up dating him for two years.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1345740", "text": "On 14 January 1987, the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals in Manhattan upheld a decision by the U.S. District Court to send the legal case against UCC to India. It ruled UCIL was a separate and independent legal entity managed and staffed by Indian citizens."}
{"id": "doc1346601", "text": "Zak, Aaron, Bill and Jay travel to the Bell Witch Cave in a secluded area near Cross Plains, Tennessee, where they will investigate the notorious legend of the Bell Witch that has plagued the Bell family and other families on the nearby farmland in 1817. This is the first time in Paranormal TV that the case is documented."}
{"id": "doc1347235", "text": "Gavin & Stacey is an award winning British television comedy series, following the lives of the title characters Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Stacey (Joanna Page), who, before marrying, live on opposite sides of the country, Gavin in Billericay, Essex, and Stacey in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan. During the first two series Gavin lives with his parents Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman) but in the third series he has moved, with Stacey, to Barry and lives with Stacey's mum. He has a best friend Neil \"Smithy\" Smith (James Corden). For most of the episodes Stacey lives in Barry with her mum Gwen (Melanie Walters), with an extended family of Uncle Bryn (Rob Brydon) across the street, and best friend Vanessa Shanessa \"Nessa\" Jenkins (Ruth Jones), but for a short while during series two she lived with Gavin, Pam and Mick in Essex."}
{"id": "doc1347475", "text": "The Council of Nicaea in 325 had noted the primacy of the See of Rome, followed by the Sees of Alexandria and Antioch. At the time, the See of Constantinople was not yet of ecclesiastical prominence, but its proximity to the Imperial court gave rise to its importance. The Council of Constantinople in 381 modified the situation somewhat by placing Constantinople second in honor, above Alexandria and Antioch, stating in Canon III, that \"the bishop of Constantinople... shall have the prerogative of honor after the bishop of Rome; because Constantinople is New Rome\". In the early 5th century, this status was challenged by the bishops of Alexandria, but the Council of Chalcedon confirmed in Canon XXVIII:"}
{"id": "doc1348006", "text": "Paired DNA and RNA molecules are comparatively stable at room temperature but the two nucleotide strands will separate above a melting point that is determined by the length of the molecules, the extent of mispairing (if any), and the GC content. Higher GC content results in higher melting temperatures; it is, therefore, unsurprising that the genomes of extremophile organisms such as Thermus thermophilus are particularly GC-rich. On the converse, regions of a genome that need to separate frequently \u2014 for example, the promoter regions for often-transcribed genes \u2014 are comparatively GC-poor (for example, see TATA box). GC content and melting temperature must also be taken into account when designing primers for PCR reactions."}
{"id": "doc1348556", "text": "He also has a tendency to confuse certain phrases and adages, saying things like \"Significant Mother\" or \"Catch-23\"."}
{"id": "doc1349036", "text": "Bedroom in Arles (French: La Chambre \u00c3\u00a0 Arles; Dutch: Slaapkamer te Arles) is the title given to each of three similar paintings by 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh."}
{"id": "doc1349039", "text": "Van Gogh started the first version during mid October 1888 while staying in Arles, and explained his aims and means to his brother Theo:"}
{"id": "doc1349041", "text": "In April 1889, van Gogh sent the initial version to his brother regretting that it had been damaged by the flood of the Rh\u00f4ne while he was interned at the Old Hospital in Arles. Theo proposed to have it relined and sent back to him in order to copy it. This \"repetition\" in original scale (Van Gogh's term was \"r\u00e9petition\") was executed in September 1889. Both paintings were then sent back to Theo.[7][8][9]"}
{"id": "doc1349043", "text": "In The Bedroom the miniature portrait to the left recalls van Gogh's Peasant of Zundert self-portrait. The one to the right cannot be linked convincingly to any existing painting by van Gogh."}
{"id": "doc1350139", "text": "The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dissolved on October 24, 1954, by Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad. The dissolution was challenged by the president of the assembly in the notable case of Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, in which the federal court took the side of the governor general, in spite of dissent from one judge. Mohammad Ali Bogra was the Prime Minister of Pakistan at the time."}
{"id": "doc1350141", "text": "After coming to power, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto invited the leaders of the parliamentary parties to meet him on October 17, 1972, which resulted in an agreement known as the 'constitutional accord', after an intensive discussion. As per consultations floated by the PPP, the National Assembly of Pakistan appointed a 25-member committee, on April 17, 1972, to prepare a draft of the permanent constitution of Pakistan. Mahmud Ali Kasuri was the elected chairman of the committee. On October 20, 1972, the draft bill for the constitution was signed by leaders of all parliamentary groups in the National Assembly. A bill to provide a constitution for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was introduced in the assembly on February 2, 1973. The assembly passed the bill nearly unanimously on April 10, 1973 and it was endorsed by the acting President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on April 12, 1973.[3] The constitution came into effect on August 14, 1973. On the same day, Bhutto took over as the prime minister and Choudhary Fazal-e-Elahi as the president. On July 5, 1977, General Zia staged a military coup and suspended the constitution, which was restored in 1985. Similarly, when General Musharraf took over in 1999, the constitution was suspended for several years."}
{"id": "doc1352422", "text": "Sometimes the arterial pressure drops significantly when a patient stands up from sitting. This is known as orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension); gravity reduces the rate of blood return from the body veins below the heart back to the heart, thus reducing stroke volume and cardiac output.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1353689", "text": "Fourth public release"}
{"id": "doc1354535", "text": "Regulation of gene expression can occur through cell-cell communication or quorum sensing (QS) via the production of small molecules called autoinducers. The extracellular accumulation of these molecules signals to bacteria to alter gene expression and coordinate behavior. P. aeruginosa employs three interconnected QS systems \u2013 lasRl, rhlRl, and PQS \u2013 that each produce unique signaling molecules.[38] Detection of these molecules indicates P. aeruginosa is growing as biofilm within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.[39] QS is known to control expression of a number of virulence factors, including the pigment pyocyanin. Another form of gene regulation that allows the bacteria to rapidly adapt to surrounding changes is through environmental signaling. Recent studies have discovered anaerobiosis can significantly impact the major regulatory circuit of QS. This important link between QS and anaerobiosis has a significant impact on production of virulence factors of this organism.[40] Garlic experimentally blocks quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa.[41]"}
{"id": "doc1354717", "text": "\"The Wind That Shakes the Barley\" is an Irish ballad written by Robert Dwyer Joyce (1836\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1883), a Limerick-born poet and professor of English literature. The song is written from the perspective of a doomed young Wexford rebel who is about to sacrifice his relationship with his loved one and plunge into the cauldron of violence associated with the 1798 rebellion in Ireland.[1] The references to barley in the song derive from the fact that the rebels often carried barley or oats in their pockets as provisions for when on the march. This gave rise to the post-rebellion phenomenon of barley growing and marking the \"croppy-holes,\" mass unmarked graves into which slain rebels were thrown, symbolizing the regenerative nature of Irish resistance to British rule. As the barley will grow every year in the Spring time of the year this is said to symbolize Irish resistance to British oppression and that Ireland will never yield and will always oppose British rule on the island.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1356310", "text": "Ichiemon, also known as \"Ichiemon the Announcer\", serves mostly in the role of comic relief, providing amusing commentary during the eating contest in episode 6 and the baseball game in episode 23. His name \"Oshaberi\" literally translates to \"honorable talker\" and is meant to imply that he is a gossip.[6] He wears a strange hat that appears to be a newspaper folded up like origami."}
{"id": "doc1357000", "text": "In 2015, he appeared as Dr. William Golliher in the Amazon original series Bosch.[6] In 2016, he had a recurring role as shady investor William Sutter on the USA Network drama Suits."}
{"id": "doc1357059", "text": "He later voiced characters for Hanna-Barbera's television cartoons, including Barney Rubble on The Flintstones and Mr. Spacely on The Jetsons. Blanc was also the original voice of Woody Woodpecker for Universal Pictures and provided vocal effects for the Tom and Jerry cartoons directed by Chuck Jones for MGM, replacing William Hanna. During the golden age of radio, Blanc also frequently performed on the programs of famous comedians from the era, including Jack Benny, Abbott and Costello, Burns and Allen and Judy Canova.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1357070", "text": "Blanc also originated the voice and laugh of Woody Woodpecker for the theatrical cartoons produced by Walter Lantz for Universal Pictures, but stopped voicing the character after he was signed to an exclusive contract with Warner Bros. (His laugh was used in the cartoons until 1951, while his \"Guess who!?\" signature line was used until the end of the series in 1972).[8]"}
{"id": "doc1357270", "text": "LP vinyl released by RSO; compact disc released by Polydor"}
{"id": "doc1357287", "text": "Inductivist methodology supposed that one can somehow move from a series of singular existential statements to a universal statement. That is, that one can move from 'this is a white swan', 'that is a white swan', and so on, to a universal statement such as 'all swans are white'. This method is clearly deductively invalid, since it is always possible that there may be a non-white swan that has eluded observation (and, in fact, the discovery of the Australian black swan demonstrated the deductive invalidity of this particular statement)."}
{"id": "doc1357314", "text": "Many contemporary philosophers of science and analytic philosophers are strongly critical of Popper's philosophy of science.[13] Popper's mistrust of inductive reasoning has led to claims that he misrepresents scientific practice."}
{"id": "doc1357322", "text": "Some falsificationists saw Kuhn's work as a vindication, since it provided historical evidence that science progressed by rejecting inadequate theories, and that it is the decision, on the part of the scientist, to accept or reject a theory that is the crucial element of falsificationism. Foremost amongst these was Imre Lakatos."}
{"id": "doc1364067", "text": "When Rosemary calls Donald Baumgart, the actor who goes blind and is replaced by Guy, the voice heard is that of actor Tony Curtis. Farrow, who had not been told who would be reading Baumgart's lines, recognized the voice but could not place it. The slight confusion she displays throughout the call was exactly what Polanski hoped to capture by not revealing Curtis' identity in advance."}
{"id": "doc1365395", "text": "Famously, eight years before Lincoln's speech, during the Senate debate on the Compromise of 1850, Sam Houston had proclaimed: \"A nation divided against itself cannot stand.\""}
{"id": "doc1365486", "text": "British folk group the Unthanks include the song \"Magpie\" on their 2015 album Mount the Air, with lyrics containing portions of this rhyme.[10] The song is featured in the final scene of the first episode of the third season of Detectorists, backing a time-warp scene with multiple visual clues to the lyrics.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1365680", "text": "Justice Antonin Scalia's majority opinion, The People are the fourth branch via grand juries [3]"}
{"id": "doc1366138", "text": "In the opening sequence, a narrator (series producer Harve Bennett) identifies the protagonist, \"Steve Austin, astronaut. A man barely alive.\" Richard Anderson, in character as Oscar Goldman, then intones off-camera, \"Gentlemen, we can rebuild him. We have the technology. We have the capability to make the world's first bionic man. Steve Austin will be that man. Better than he was before. Better...stronger...faster.\" During the first season, beginning with \"Population: Zero\", Anderson, as Goldman, intoned more simply, \"We can rebuild him. We have the technology. We can make him better than he was. Better...stronger...faster.\" During the operation, when he is having his bionics fitted, a list of items and numbers is displayed and lists his powerplant as \"atomic\"."}
{"id": "doc1366471", "text": "Amacrine cells and other retinal interneuron cells are less likely to be near neighbours of the same subtype than would occur by chance, resulting in 'exclusion zones' that separate them. Mosaic arrangements provide a mechanism to distribute each cell type evenly across the retina, ensuring that all parts of the visual field have access to a full set of processing elements.[6] MEGF10 and MEGF11 transmembrane proteins have critical roles in the formation of the mosaics by starburst amacrine cells and horizontal cells in mice.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1366696", "text": "From c. 3500 BC until the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 24th century BC, Mesopotamia had been dominated by largely Sumerian cities and city states, such as Ur, Lagash, Uruk, Kish, Isin, Larsa, Adab, Eridu, Gasur, Assur, Hamazi, Akshak, Arbela and Umma, although Semitic Akkadian names began to appear on the king lists of some of these states (such as Eshnunna and Assyria) between the 29th and 25th centuries BC. Traditionally, the major religious center of all Mesopotamia was the city of Nippur where the god Enlil was supreme, and it would remain so until replaced by Babylon during the reign of Hammurabi in the mid-18th century BC."}
{"id": "doc1366727", "text": "Karaindash strengthened diplomatic ties with the Assyrian king Ashur-bel-nisheshu and the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III and protected Babylonian borders with Elam."}
{"id": "doc1366730", "text": "Burna-Buriash II ascended to the throne in 1359 BC, he retained friendly relations with Egypt, but the resurgent Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1050 BC) to the north was now encroaching into northern Babylonia, and as a symbol of peace, the Babylonian king took the daughter of the powerful Assyrian king Ashur-uballit I in marriage. He also maintained friendly relations with Suppiluliuma I, ruler of the Hittite Empire."}
{"id": "doc1366731", "text": "He was succeeded by Kara-\u1e2barda\u0161 (who was half Assyrian, and the grandson of the Assyrian king) in 1333 BC, however a usurper named Nazi-Buga\u0161 deposed him, enraging Ashur-uballit I, who invaded and sacked Babylon, slew Nazi-Buga\u0161, annexed Babylonian territory for the Middle Assyrian Empire, and installed Kurigalzu II (1345\u20131324 BC) as his vassal ruler of Babylonia."}
{"id": "doc1366734", "text": "An Assyrian governor/king named Enlil-nadin-shumi was placed on the throne to rule as viceroy to Tukulti-Ninurta I, and Kadashman-Harbe II and Adad-shuma-iddina succeeded as Assyrian governor/kings, subject to Tukulti-Ninurta I until 1216 BC."}
{"id": "doc1366743", "text": "Nebuchadnezzar was succeeded by his two sons, firstly Enlil-nadin-apli (1103\u20131100), who lost territory to Assyria. The second of them, Marduk-nadin-ahhe (1098\u20131081 BC) also went to war with Assyria. Some initial success in these conflicts gave way to a catastrophic defeat at the hands of the powerful Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I (1115\u20131076 BC), who annexed huge swathes of Babylonian territory, thus further expanding the Assyrian Empire. Following this a terrible famine gripped Babylon, inviting attacks and migrations from the northwest Semitic Aramaeans and Suteans from the Levant."}
{"id": "doc1366744", "text": "In 1072 BC Marduk-shapik-zeri signed a peace treaty with Ashur-bel-kala (1075\u20131056 BC) of Assyria, however his successor Kada\u0161man-Buria\u0161 was not so friendly to Assyria, prompting the Assyrian king to invade Babylonia and depose him, placing Adad-apla-iddina on the throne as his vassal. Assyrian domination continued until c. 1050 BC, with Marduk-ahhe-eriba and Marduk-zer-X regarded as vassals of Assyria. After 1050 BC the Middle Assyrian Empire descended into a period of civil war, followed by constant warfare with the Arameans, Phrygians, Neo-Hittite states and Hurrians, allowing Babylonia to once more largely free itself from the Assyrian yoke for a few decades."}
{"id": "doc1366756", "text": "The Assyrian king Shalmaneser V was declared king of Babylon in 727 BC, but died whilst besieging Samaria in 722 BC."}
{"id": "doc1366757", "text": "Revolt was then fomented against Assyrian domination by Marduk-apla-iddina II, a Chaldean malka (chieftain) of the far south east of Mesopotamia, with strong Elamite support. Merodach-Baladan managed to take the throne of Babylon itself between 721\u2013710 BC whilst the Assyrian king Sargon II (722\u2013705 BC) were otherwise occupied in defeating the Scythians and Cimmerians who had attacked Assyria's Persian and Median vassal colonies in ancient Iran. Marduk-apla-iddina II was eventually defeated and ejected by Sargon II of Assyria, and fled to his protectors in Elam. Sargon II was then declared king in Babylon."}
{"id": "doc1366760", "text": "Despite being an Assyrian himself, Shamash-shum-ukin, after decades subject to his brother Ashurbanipal, declared that the city of Babylon (and not the Assyrian city of Nineveh) should be the seat of the immense empire. He raised a major revolt against his brother, Ashurbanipal. He led a powerful coalition of peoples also resentful of Assyrian subjugation and rule, including; Elam, the Persians, Medes, the Babylonians, Chaldeans and Suteans of southern Mesopotamia, the Arameans of the Levant and southwest Mesopotamia, the Arabs and Dilmunites of the Arabian Peninsula and the Canaanites-Phoenicians. After a bitter struggle Babylon was sacked and its allies vanquished, Shamash-shum-ukim being killed in the process. Elam was destroyed once and for all, and the Babylonians, Persians, Chaldeans, Arabs, Medes, Elamites, Arameans, Suteans and Canaanites were violently subjugated, with Assyrian troops exacting savage revenge on the rebelling peoples. An Assyrian governor named Kandalanu was placed on the throne to rule on behalf of the Assyrian king.[9] Upon Ashurbanipal's death in 627 BC, his son Ashur-etil-ilani (627\u00e2\u20ac\u201c623 BC) became ruler of Babylon and Assyria."}
{"id": "doc1366762", "text": "It was during the reign of Sin-shar-ishkun that Assyria's vast empire began to unravel, and many of its former subject peoples ceased to pay tribute, most significantly for the Assyrians; the Babylonians, Chaldeans, Medes, Persians, Scythians, Arameans and Cimmerians."}
{"id": "doc1366765", "text": "In 615 BC, while the Assyrian king was fully occupied fighting rebels in both Babylonia and Assyria itself, Cyaxares launched a surprise attack on the Assyrian heartlands, sacking the cities of Kalhu (the Biblical Calah, Nimrud) and Arrapkha (modern Kirkuk), Nabopolassar was still pinned down in southern Mesopotamia and thus not involved in this breakthrough."}
{"id": "doc1366769", "text": "The Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II, whose dynasty had been installed as vassals of Assyria in 671 BC, belatedly tried to aid Egypt's former Assyrian masters, possibly out of fear that Egypt would be next to succumb to the new powers without Assyria to protect them, having already been ravaged by the Scythians. The Assyrians fought on with Egyptian aid until what was probably a final decisive victory was achieved against them at Carchemish in north western Assyria in 605 BC. The seat of empire was thus transferred to Babylonia[16] for the first time since Hammurabi over a thousand years before."}
{"id": "doc1366772", "text": "The Scythians and Cimmerians, erstwhile allies of Babylonia under Nabopolassar, now became a threat, and Nebuchadnezzar II was forced to march into Anatolia and rout their forces, ending the northern threat to his Empire."}
{"id": "doc1368159", "text": "Ray Charles Robinson was the son of Bailey Robinson, a laborer, and Aretha (or Reatha) Williams. At the time, his mother was a teenage orphan making a living as a sharecropper. They lived in Greenville, Florida with Robinson's father and his wife, Mary Jane Robinson. The Robinson family had informally adopted Aretha (or Reatha), and she took the surname Robinson. When she became pregnant by Bailey, incurring scandal, she left Greenville late in the summer of 1930 to be with family members in Albany, Georgia for the baby's birth, after which mother and child returned to Greenville. She and Mary Jane then shared in Ray's upbringing. He was deeply devoted to his mother and later recalled her perseverance, self-sufficiency, and pride as guiding lights in his life. His father abandoned the family, left Greenville, and married another woman elsewhere.[14]"}
{"id": "doc1369505", "text": "The 2017 FIFA Club World Cup Final was the final match of the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup, the 13th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised football tournament contested by the champions of the six continental confederations, as well as the league winner from the host nation. The final was played at the Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates on 16 December 2017 and was contested between Spanish club and title holders Real Madrid, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League, and Brazilian club Gr\u00eamio, representing CONMEBOL as the reigning champions of the Copa Libertadores.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1369510", "text": "Real Madrid qualified for their fourth Club World Cup by winning the 2016\u201317 UEFA Champions League. The club previously won the 2014 and 2016 editions of the Club World Cup, second only to FC Barcelona in number of wins.[6] Madrid entered the competition in the semi-finals, facing UAE Pro-League champions Al-Jazira, who had won against Oceania champion Auckland City FC of New Zealand and Asian champions Urawa Red Diamonds of Japan.[7] Real Madrid won the match 2\u20131, after controversial decisions by the referee and video assistant referee system.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1369722", "text": "Rick's group escapes Terminus after discovering they engage in cannibalism, and with the help of Carol, who had launched a walker horde on the site. After meeting Fr. Gabriel Stokes at his church, the group makes plans to head to Washington D.C. While Daryl and Carol are catching up, they see a car drive by with a similar white cross on it, and they give chase. This leads them to find that Beth was taken to Gracy Memorial Hospital, where she was forced to work by corrupt cops on patients there. After Carol is captured, Daryl lead Rick's group to try to rescue them. Carol is saved but Beth is killed in a standoff with the cops, and Daryl returns her body to the church to bury her."}
{"id": "doc1370225", "text": "which is now [10;1,2, 10,2,1,20,1,2, 10,2,1,20,1,2, ...] evaluated at the third term and every six terms thereafter."}
{"id": "doc1370451", "text": "The seventh and final season mainly follows Santos and Vinick on the campaign trail, while also addressing the aftermath of the shuttle leak investigation. The Bartlet administration's last year in office is featured, but not prominently. Toby admits to leaking the story about a military spacecraft and President Bartlet is forced to fire him. Later, he refuses to name his recently deceased brother as the source of the classified information, despite being urged to by his ex-wife, his lawyer and a federal prosecutor, as he feels it would be wrong to dishonor his memory. Also, C.J.'s tenure as Chief of Staff becomes more stressful as she deals with the war between Russia and China over Kazakhstan. The presidential race tightens up when Vinick's lead is dampened by an accident at a nuclear plant he had championed. Leo suffers a heart attack, and dies on the night of the election \u2014 reflecting the death of portrayer John Spencer \u2014 which Santos eventually wins.  The last few episodes show the final days of the Bartlet administration and Santos' transition; in the series finale, Santos is sworn in as President."}
{"id": "doc1370970", "text": "The desire to make a sacrifice is in our hearts\nLet us see what strength there is in the arms of our executioner"}
{"id": "doc1370974", "text": "No sword can sever hands that have the heat of battle within,\nNo threat can bow heads that have risen so\u00a0...\nYea, for in our insides has risen a flame,\nand the desire to make a Sacrifice is in our hearts\u00a0..."}
{"id": "doc1373009", "text": "September 25 \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 Constitutional amendments proposed by Congress"}
{"id": "doc1373323", "text": "The First Transcontinental Railroad in the U.S. was built across North America in the 1860s, linking the railroad network of the eastern U.S. with California on the Pacific coast. Finished on May 10, 1869 at the Golden spike event at Promontory Summit, Utah, it created a nationwide mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American West, catalyzing the transition from the wagon trains of previous decades to a modern transportation system. It achieved the status of first transcontinental railroad by connecting myriad eastern U.S. railroads to the Pacific. However it was not the world's longest railroad, as the Canadian Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) had, by 1867, already accumulated more than 2,055 kilometres (1,277\u00c2\u00a0mi) of track by connecting Portland, Maine, and the three northern New England states with the Canadian Atlantic provinces, and west as far as Port Huron, Michigan, through Sarnia, Ontario."}
{"id": "doc1373324", "text": "Authorized by the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and heavily backed by the federal government, the first transcontinental railroad was the culmination of a decades-long movement to build such a line and was one of the crowning achievements of the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, completed four years after his death. The building of the railroad required enormous feats of engineering and labor in the crossing of plains and high mountains by the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) and Central Pacific Railroad, the two federally chartered enterprises that built the line westward and eastward respectively.[12] The building of the railroad was motivated in part to bind the Union together during the strife of the American Civil War. It substantially accelerated the populating of the West by white homesteaders, led to rapid cultivation of new farm lands. The Central Pacific and the Southern Pacific Railroad combined operations in 1870 and formally merged in 1885; the Union Pacific originally bought the Southern Pacific in 1901 and was forced to divest it in 1913, but took it over again in 1996."}
{"id": "doc1373330", "text": "Fogel concludes that railroads were important but not \"essential\" to late 19th century growth in the U.S. in the sense that a possible alternative existed even if it was never tried. Fogel focuses on the \u201csocial saving\u201d created by railroads, which he defines as the difference between the actual level of national income in 1890 and the theoretical level of national income if transportation somehow existed in the most efficient way possible to the absence of the railroad.[18] He found that without the railroad, America\u2019s gross national product (GNP) would have been 7.2% less in 1890. While the largest contribution to GNP growth made by any single innovation before 1900, this percentage only represents 2\u20133 years of GNP growth.[18]"}
{"id": "doc1373335", "text": "As early as the 1930s, automobile travel had begun to cut into the rail passenger market, somewhat reducing economies of scale, but it was the development of the Interstate Highway System and of commercial aviation in the 1950s and 1960s, as well as increasingly restrictive regulation, that dealt the most damaging blows to rail transportation, both passenger and freight. General Motors and other were convicted of running the streetcar industry into the ground purposefully in what is referred to as the Great American Streetcar Scandal. There was little point in operating passenger trains to advertise freight service when those who made decisions about freight shipping traveled by car and by air, and when the railroads' chief competitors for that market were interstate trucking companies."}
{"id": "doc1374770", "text": "* - Indicates one vacated Final Four appearance."}
{"id": "doc1376157", "text": "Charles Laughton and Vivien Leigh recite this poem in the film Sidewalks of London, also known as St. Martins Lane (1938)."}
{"id": "doc1376321", "text": "This tradition was also adopted in places with a broad cultural relation with Spain and Latin American countries, as well as Hispanic communities in the United States. The Philippines has adopted the tradition as well."}
{"id": "doc1376345", "text": "In surnames, it can appear by itself or in combination with an article (compare French de la, de l'). The most common cases of this are van de, van der and van den, where the articles are all current or archaic forms of the article de \"the\". Less common are van het and van 't, which use the similar but neutral article het. Common is also the contraction ver- of van der, which can be written as a single word with the rest of the surname; an example can be found in Johannes Vermeer (van der meer \"of the lake\")."}
{"id": "doc1376346", "text": "The German \"von\" is a cognate of Dutch \"van\", though unlike the German \"von\", the Dutch \"van\" is more often part of a common surname than an indication of nobility or royalty. It can both imply nobility (Willem van Oranje \"William of [the] Orange [family]\") or signify any ancestral relation to a particular place (Jan van Ghent \"John [who hails] from Ghent\")."}
{"id": "doc1376793", "text": "P>The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve and pumps it into the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary circulation."}
{"id": "doc1376814", "text": "TR>\nPulmonary artery pressure\nsystolic\n15\u00e2\u20ac\u201c30"}
{"id": "doc1376863", "text": "The Mexican people lift this monument in honor of the admirable cultures that flourished during the Pre-Columbian period in regions that are now territory of the Republic. In front of the testimonies of those cultures, the Mexico of today pays tribute to the indigenous people of Mexico, in whose example we recognize characteristics of our national originality."}
{"id": "doc1376868", "text": "Statue of Xiuhcoatl"}
{"id": "doc1377115", "text": "where \n\n\n\nd\n\n\n{\\displaystyle d}\n\n is the distance to the screen, \n\n\n\nr\n\n\n{\\displaystyle r}\n\n is the resolution of the screen in pixels per unit length, and \n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\u2218\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle 1^{\\circ }}\n\n is the aperture of a cone having the apex on focus, height \n\n\n\nd\n\n\n{\\displaystyle d}\n\n, and the base in the eye lens \u2014the optical correspondent to a cone inside the eye having the same base and the apex in the other focus, the fovea. That aperture, which can be measured by visual field tests, varies widely among different human subjects."}
{"id": "doc1377661", "text": "Clearly, accessing a will yield the value of 8 because the previous instruction modified the contents of a by way of the pointer ptr."}
{"id": "doc1377683", "text": "For example, in C"}
{"id": "doc1377686", "text": "which says to cast the integer pointer of money to a char pointer and assign to bags."}
{"id": "doc1377701", "text": "This implementation uses a pointer to the first element in the list as a surrogate for the entire list. If a new value is added to the beginning of the list, head has to be changed to point to the new element. Since C arguments are always passed by value, using double indirection allows the insertion to be implemented correctly, and has the desirable side-effect of eliminating special case code to deal with insertions at the front of the list:"}
{"id": "doc1378028", "text": "In 2015, the 40th anniversary tour was staged in the London Playhouse Theatre and also broadcast in many cinemas across Europe, as well as on BBC in October 2015, with Richard O'Brien taking the role as narrator for the London dates only. On opening night, he received seven standing ovations when appearing on-stage. Tickets for the first week sold out in 72 hours so a second week was added.[40] A charity gala night on 17 September at the Playhouse featured actors Stephen Fry, Anthony Head and former Spice Girl Emma Bunton sharing the role of narrator.[40] A UK-wide tour followed the London production.[40]"}
{"id": "doc1378090", "text": "In 1986, an authorized production was staged in Mexico, presented again by Julissa.[95]"}
{"id": "doc1379061", "text": "Paul is becoming an accomplished guitarist and dreams of attending Juilliard. David and Norah live almost completely separate lives and differ on what Paul should do when he's older. Norah simply wants her son to be happy, while David pushes Paul to follow a career path that will guarantee stability, money, and success."}
{"id": "doc1379360", "text": "The tidal locking effect is also experienced by the larger body A, but at a slower rate because B's gravitational effect is weaker due to B's smaller mass. For example, Earth's rotation is gradually being slowed by the Moon, by an amount that becomes noticeable over geological time as revealed in the fossil record.[5] Current estimations are that this (together with the tidal influence of the Sun) has helped lengthen the Earth day from about 6 hours to the current 24 hours. Currently, atomic clocks show that Earth's day lengthens by about 15 microseconds every year.[6] Given enough time, this would create a mutual tidal locking between Earth and the Moon, where the length of a day has increased and the length of a lunar month has shortened until the two are the same. However, Earth is not expected to become tidally locked to the Moon before the Sun becomes a red giant and engulfs Earth and the Moon.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc1380356", "text": "The Earth, in addition to its diurnal (daily) rotation upon its axis and annual rotation around the Sun, incurs a precessional motion involving a slow periodic shift of the axis itself: approximately one degree every 72 years. This motion, which is caused mostly by the Moon's gravity, gives rise to the precession of the equinoxes in which the Sun's position on the ecliptic at the time of the vernal equinox, measured against the background of fixed stars, gradually changes with time."}
{"id": "doc1380357", "text": "In graphical terms, the Earth behaves like a spinning top, and tops tend to wobble as they spin. The spin of the Earth is its daily (diurnal) rotation. The spinning Earth slowly wobbles over a period slightly less than 26,000 years. From our perspective on Earth, the stars are ever so slightly 'moving' from west to east at the rate of one degree approximately every 72 years. One degree is about twice the diameter of the Sun or Moon as viewed from Earth. The easiest way to notice this slow movement of the stars is at any fixed time each year. The most common fixed time is at the vernal equinox around 21 March each year."}
{"id": "doc1380860", "text": "Hess or He\u00df, a German and Ashkenazic surname, meaning somebody originally from the region of Hesse.[1] Two alternative origins have been reported. Usage in the south of Germany may arise from a contraction of the personal name Matth\u00e4us, whereas appearance in Germany or The Netherlands may arise from a modification of the personal name Hesso.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1381513", "text": "The origin of the name is unclear."}
{"id": "doc1382073", "text": "Assyria was a major Mesopotamian kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East and the Levant. It existed as a state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC in the form of the Assur city-state,[1] until its collapse between 612 BC and 609 BC, spanning the Early to Middle Bronze Age through to the late Iron Age.[2][3] From the end of the seventh century BC to the mid-seventh century AD, it survived as a geopolitical entity, for the most part ruled by foreign powers, although a number of Neo-Assyrian states arose at different times during the Parthian and early Sasanian Empires between the mid-second century BC and late third century AD, a period which also saw Assyria become a major centre of Syriac Christianity and the birthplace of the Church of the East.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1382083", "text": "Greco-Roman classical writers such as Julius Africanus, Marcus Velleius Paterculus and Diodorus Siculus dated the founding of Assyria to various dates between 2284 BC and 2057 BC,[17][18][19] listing the earliest king as Belus or Ninus."}
{"id": "doc1382094", "text": "Most of Assyria briefly became part of the Neo-Sumerian Empire (or 3rd dynasty of Ur) founded in c. 2112 BC. Sumerian domination extended as far as the city of Ashur, but appears not to have reached Nineveh and the far north of Assyria. One local ruler (shakkanakku"}
{"id": "doc1382123", "text": "Assyria once more began to expand with the rise of Adad-nirari II in 911 BC. He cleared Aramean and other tribal peoples from Assyria's borders and began to expand in all directions into Anatolia, Ancient Iran, Levant and Babylonia."}
{"id": "doc1382143", "text": "When the Seleucids lost control of Assyria proper, the name Syria survived but was erroneously applied not only to the land of Assyria itself, but also now to Aramea (also known as Eber Nari) to the west that had once been part of the Assyrian empire, but apart from the north eastern corner, had never been a part of Assyria itself, nor inhabited by Assyrians. This was to lead to both the Assyrians from Northern Mesopotamia and the Arameans and Phoenicians from the Levant being collectively dubbed Syrians (and later also Syriacs) in Greco-Roman and later European culture, regardless of ethnicity, history or geography."}
{"id": "doc1382169", "text": "In reaction against Ottoman cruelty, the Assyrians took up arms, and an Assyrian war of independence was fought during World War I which took place in what is today south eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, north western Iran and north eastern Syria. For a time, the Assyrians fought successfully against overwhelming numbers, scoring a number of victories against the Ottomans and Kurds, and also hostile Arab and Iranian groups. However, due to the collapse of the Russian Empire\u2014due to the Russian Revolution\u2014and the similar collapse of the Armenian Defense, the Assyrians were left without allies. As a result, The Assyrians were vastly outnumbered, outgunned, surrounded, cut off, and without supplies. The only option they had was to flee the region into northwest Iran and fight their way, with around 50,000 civilians in tow, to British train lines going to Mandatory Iraq. The sizable Assyrian presence in south eastern Anatolia which had endured for over four millennia was thus reduced to no more than 15,000 by the end of World War I, and by 1924 many of those who remained were forcibly expelled in a display of ethnic cleansing by the Turkish government, with many leaving and later founding villages in the Sapna and Nahla valleys in the Dohuk Governorate of Iraq."}
{"id": "doc1382170", "text": "In 1920 the Assyrian settlements in Mindan and Baquba were attacked by Iraqi Arabs, but the Assyrian tribesmen displayed their military prowess by successfully defeating and driving off the Arab forces.[75] The Assyrians also sided with the British during the Iraqi revolt against the British."}
{"id": "doc1382171", "text": "The Assyrian Levies were founded by the British in 1922, with ancient Assyrian military rankings, such as Rab-shakeh, Rab-talia and Turtanu, being revived for the first time in millennia for this force. The Assyrians were prized by the British rulers for their fighting qualities, loyalty, bravery and discipline, and were used to help the British put down insurrections among the Arabs, Kurds and Turcoman, guard the borders with Iran and Turkey, and protect British military installations. During the 1920s Assyrian levies saw action in effectively defeating Arab and Kurdish forces during anti-British rebellions in Iraq.[75][76][77]"}
{"id": "doc1382207", "text": "Between 150 BC and 226 AD, Assyria changed hands between the Parthian Empire and the Romans until coming under the rule of the Sasanian Empire from 226\u2013651, where it was known as As\u014drist\u0101n."}
{"id": "doc1382286", "text": "Certain aspects of the succession rules have been challenged in the courts. For example, under the provisions of the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, Catholics are barred from succeeding to the throne; this prohibition has been upheld twice by Canadian courts, once in 2003 and again in 2014.[96][97][98][99]"}
{"id": "doc1382750", "text": "A variety of real celebrities provide voices for the radio DJs in the game, including fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld, musicians Iggy Pop,[87] Femi Kuti,[88] Jimmy Gestapo[89] and Ruslana,[90] and real-life radio talk show host Lazlow Jones.[91] Saturday Night Live actors Bill Hader and Jason Sudeikis appear on the liberal and conservative radio talk shows respectively, with Fred Armisen playing several guests on Lazlow's \"Integrity 2.0\".[91] Numerous other comedians, including Jim Norton, Patrice O'Neal, Rick Shapiro, and Robert Kelly, as well as radio hosts Opie and Anthony appeared on the radio and/or as characters in-game.[92]"}
{"id": "doc1383497", "text": "On January 31, 2013 during the presentation of its upcoming film lineup, Toei announced that the anime will be out in Fall 2013. According to the news source Oricon, this film has Toei Animation's highest production budget ever at the equivalent of over 30 million U.S. dollars. [4][5]"}
{"id": "doc1384361", "text": "Filmed at \"Pratty's\" pub in Gloucester, Massachusetts."}
{"id": "doc1384376", "text": "Episodes 4-7 were filmed at Mercer Island VFW near Seattle."}
{"id": "doc1384430", "text": "Episode 6 filmed at Harlem Yacht Club in City Island, New York; Episodes 7-10 filmed at Mercer Island VFW near Seattle."}
{"id": "doc1384588", "text": "In C and C++, the function prototype of the main function looks like one of the following:"}
{"id": "doc1384589", "text": "The parameters argc, argument count, and argv, argument vector,[4] respectively give the number and values of the program's command-line arguments. The names of argc and argv may be any valid identifier in C, but it is common convention to use these names. In C++, the names are to be taken literally, and the \"void\" in the parameter list is to be omitted, if strict conformance is desired.[5] Other platform-dependent formats are also allowed by the C and C++ standards, except that in C++ the return type must always be int;[6] for example, Unix (though not POSIX.1) and Windows have a third argument giving the program's environment, otherwise accessible through getenv in stdlib.h:"}
{"id": "doc1384591", "text": "The value returned from the main function becomes the exit status of the process, though the C standard only ascribes specific meaning to two values: EXIT_SUCCESS (traditionally 0) and EXIT_FAILURE. The meaning of other possible return values is implementation-defined. In case a return value is not defined by the programmer, an implicit return 0; at the end of the main() function is inserted by the compiler; this behavior is required by the C++ standard."}
{"id": "doc1384604", "text": "In D, the function prototype of the main function looks like one of the following:"}
{"id": "doc1385345", "text": "The pulmonary veins carry relatively oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The superior and inferior venae cavae carry relatively deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower systemic circulations, respectively."}
{"id": "doc1385349", "text": "Veins serve to return blood from organs to the heart. Veins are also called \"capacitance vessels\" because most of the blood volume (60%) is contained within veins. In systemic circulation oxygenated blood is pumped by the left ventricle through the arteries to the muscles and organs of the body, where its nutrients and gases are exchanged at capillaries. After taking up cellular waste and carbon dioxide in capillaries, blood is channeled through vessels that converge with one another to form venules, which continue to converge and form the larger veins. The de-oxygenated blood is taken by veins to the right atrium of the heart, which transfers the blood to the right ventricle, where it is then pumped through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. In pulmonary circulation the pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, which empties into the left ventricle, completing the cycle of blood circulation."}
{"id": "doc1385353", "text": "The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. These include the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the smallest cardiac veins, and the anterior cardiac veins. Coronary veins carry blood with a poor level of oxygen, from the myocardium to the right atrium. Most of the blood of the coronary veins returns through the coronary sinus. The anatomy of the veins of the heart is very variable, but generally it is formed by the following veins: heart veins that go into the coronary sinus: the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the posterior vein of the left ventricle, and the vein of Marshall. Heart veins that go directly to the right atrium: the anterior cardiac veins, the smallest cardiac veins (Thebesian veins).[4]"}
{"id": "doc1385395", "text": "A simple, but very inefficient primality test uses Wilson's theorem, which states that p is prime if and only if:"}
{"id": "doc1385832", "text": "News of Mulder's arrest spreads to the FBI. Upon hearing that he has resurfaced, and in such a dire manner, Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) and Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) visit him in military custody. During his time in captivity, Mulder receives mysterious visits from two phantoms of his past: Alex Krycek (Nicholas Lea) and X (Steven Williams). Meanwhile, Scully and Skinner go to great lengths to get him released, but are unsuccessful. Mulder's fate is ultimately made the subject of a military tribunal with Deputy Director Alvin Kersh (James Pickens, Jr.) in charge. At the outset, it appears Mulder will become the hopeless victim of a show trial stacked against him."}
{"id": "doc1386116", "text": "The eye is not shaped like a perfect sphere, rather it is a fused two-piece unit, composed of the anterior segment and the posterior segment. The anterior segment is made up of the cornea, iris and lens. The cornea is transparent and more curved, and is linked to the larger posterior segment, composed of the vitreous, retina, choroid and the outer white shell called the sclera. The cornea is typically about 11.5\u00a0mm (0.3\u00a0in) in diameter, and 1/2\u00a0mm (500\u00a0\u03bcm) in thickness near its center. The posterior chamber constitutes the remaining five-sixths; its diameter is typically about 24\u00a0mm. The cornea and sclera are connected by an area termed the limbus. The iris is the pigmented circular structure concentrically surrounding the center of the eye, the pupil, which appears to be black. The size of the pupil, which controls the amount of light entering the eye, is adjusted by the iris' dilator and sphincter muscles."}
{"id": "doc1386120", "text": "The eye is made up of three coats, or layers, enclosing various anatomical structures. The outermost layer, known as the fibrous tunic, is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer, known as the vascular tunic or uvea, consists of the choroid, ciliary body, pigmented epithelium and iris. The innermost is the retina, which gets its oxygenation from the blood vessels of the choroid (posteriorly) as well as the retinal vessels (anteriorly)."}
{"id": "doc1386159", "text": "Various eye care professionals, including ophthalmologists (eye doctors/surgeons), optometrists, and opticians, are involved in the treatment and management of ocular and vision disorders. A Snellen chart is one type of eye chart used to measure visual acuity. At the conclusion of a complete eye examination, the eye doctor might provide the patient with an eyeglass prescription for corrective lenses. Some disorders of the eyes for which corrective lenses are prescribed include myopia (near-sightedness) which affects about one-third[citation needed] of the human population, hyperopia (far-sightedness) which affects about one quarter of the population, astigmatism, and presbyopia (the loss of focusing range during aging)."}
{"id": "doc1386166", "text": "Another view of the eye and the structures of the eye labeled"}
{"id": "doc1386686", "text": "Tom falls in love with Becky Thatcher, a new girl in town, and persuades her to get \"engaged\" by kissing him. But their romance collapses when she learns Tom has been \"engaged\" previously to Amy Lawrence. Shortly after Becky shuns him, he accompanies Huckleberry Finn to the graveyard at night, where they witness a trio of body snatchers, Dr. Robinson, Muff Potter, and Injun Joe, getting into a fight in which Robinson is murdered by Injun Joe."}
{"id": "doc1386691", "text": "In the meantime, Tom goes on a picnic to McDougal's Cave with Becky and their classmates. Tom and Becky get separated from the others and wander lost in the extensive cave complex for the next few days. Becky gets extremely dehydrated and starved, so Tom's search for a way out gets even more desperate. He accidentally encounters Injun Joe in the caves one day, but he is not seen by his nemesis. Eventually, he finds a way out, and they are joyfully welcomed back by their community. As a preventive measure, Judge Thatcher, Becky's father, has McDougal's Cave sealed off with an iron door, but this traps Injun Joe inside. When Tom hears of the sealing several days later he directs a posse to the cave, they find Injun Joe's corpse just inside the sealed entrance, starved to death."}
{"id": "doc1386925", "text": "The light weight of short-barreled shotguns, particularly in configurations that lack substantial stocks, leads some users to use short 'minishells' with lower shot and powder loading for comfortable casual use.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1387772", "text": "Gollum speaks in an idiosyncratic manner, often referring to himself in the third person, and frequently talks to himself. When not referring to himself in third person, he sometimes speaks of himself in the plural as \"we\", hinting at his split personality. The rare occasions when he actually says \"I\" are interpreted by Frodo as an indication that Sm\u00c3\u00a9agol's better self has the upper hand. Gollum also uses his own versions of words similar to the original words. He usually adds -es to the end of a plural, resulting in words such as \"hobbitses\" instead of hobbits, \"Bagginses\" instead of Baggins, or \"birdses\" instead of birds. When forming the present tense of verbs, he frequently extends the third person singular ending -s to other persons and numbers, resulting in constructions like \"we hates it\" (by analogy with \"he hates it\"). In general, Gollum is represented as very fond of sibilants, often drawing them out. Within Tolkien's larger scheme, English in the books represents the Westron or Common Tongue of Middle-earth. Gollum is thus understood to have spoken Westron in a non-standard way, which is then translated as non-standard English. Since he is often described as hissing, the fondness for sibilants was apparently an actual feature of his idiosyncratic Westron."}
{"id": "doc1389070", "text": "Georg Luger developed the 9\u00d719mm Parabellum cartridge from his earlier 7.65\u00d721mm Parabellum round, which itself was derived from the original 7.65\u00d725mm Borchardt cartridge in the Borchardt C-93 pistol. Shortening the length of the cartridge case used in the Borchardt pistol allowed him to improve the design of the toggle lock and to incorporate a smaller, angled grip. Luger's work on the Borchardt design evolved into the Luger pistol, first patented in 1898 and chambered in 7.65\u00d721mm Parabellum. Demand from Germany for a larger caliber in their military sidearm led Luger to develop the 9\u00d719mm Parabellum cartridge for the eventual P08 pistol. This was achieved by removing the bottleneck shape of the 7.65\u00d721mm Parabellum case, resulting in a tapered rimless cartridge encasing a bullet that was 9\u00a0mm in diameter."}
{"id": "doc1389346", "text": "Describing his painting, The Night Caf\u00e9, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: \"I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens.\"[18]"}
{"id": "doc1389488", "text": "The song has remained enduringly popular and is an example of the political and sociological thread running through much of Siffre\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s lyrics and poetry. It won the Ivor Novello Award for \"Best Song Musically and Lyrically\", and has been used in Amnesty International campaigns, a television advertisement and Alice Walker's film against female genital mutilation: Warrior Marks."}
{"id": "doc1390065", "text": "In 2013, Evans starred as the main antagonist Owen Shaw in the blockbuster Fast & Furious 6, and also played Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit.[2] Evans also portrayed the vampire Dracula in the character's film origin story, Dracula Untold.[3] In 2017, Evans starred as Gaston in Disney's live action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, and portrayed American psychologist William Moulton Marston, creator of fictional character Wonder Woman, in the biographical drama Professor Marston and the Wonder Women."}
{"id": "doc1390073", "text": "In 2016, Evans appeared in the thriller film The Girl on the Train, co-starring Emily Blunt.[18] In 2017, he had the villainous role of Gaston in Disney's live action remake, Beauty and the Beast, which co-stars Emma Watson;[19] and also played the lead role, William Moulton Marston, the creator of Wonder Woman, in the film Professor Marston and the Wonder Women."}
{"id": "doc1390300", "text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules is a satirical realistic fiction novel by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney, based on the FunBrain.com version. It is the sequel to Diary of a Wimpy Kid, followed by The Last Straw.[2] The hardcover was released on February 1, 2008.[3] Rodrick Rules was named New York Times bestseller among awards and praise. A film of the same name was released on March 25, 2011."}
{"id": "doc1390312", "text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules is the second book in an twelve book franchise. The third, The Last Straw was released January 13, 2009, has been on the list for 65 weeks (peaking at number 1).[4] The fourth, Dog Days was released October 12, 2009. The book was peaking at #1 for all 25 weeks of publication, making Dog Days the #1 Best Selling Book of 2009.[5] The fifth, The Ugly Truth was released November 9, 2010.[6] The sixth, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever was released November 15, 2011.[7] The seventh, The Third Wheel was released on November 13, 2012. The eighth, Hard Luck was released on November 5, 2013. The ninth, The Long Haul was released on November 4, 2014. The tenth, Old School was released on November 3, 2015. The eleventh, Double Down was released November 1, 2016. The twelveth, The Getaway was released November 7, 2017. The Thirteenth, \u2018\u2019The Meltdown will be released October 30, 2018 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Mom's Rules"}
{"id": "doc1391278", "text": "Today the legacy of the Aztecs lives on in Mexico in many forms. Archeological sites are excavated and opened to the public and their artifacts are prominently displayed in museums. Place names and loanwords from the Aztec language Nahuatl permeate the Mexican landscape and vocabulary, and Aztec symbols and mythology have been promoted by the Mexican government and integrated into contemporary Mexican nationalism as emblems of the country.[140]"}
{"id": "doc1391281", "text": "In the realm of religion, late colonial paintings of the Virgin of Guadalupe have examples of her depicted floating above the iconic nopal cactus of the Aztecs.\u00a0Juan Diego, the Nahua to whom the apparition was said to appear, links the dark Virgin to Mexico\u2019s Aztec past.[146]"}
{"id": "doc1391659", "text": "In the Al-Burhan (On Demonstration) section of The Book of Healing, Avicenna discussed the philosophy of science and described an early scientific method of inquiry. He discusses Aristotle's Posterior Analytics and significantly diverged from it on several points. Avicenna discussed the issue of a proper methodology for scientific inquiry and the question of \"How does one acquire the first principles of a science?\" He asked how a scientist would arrive at \"the initial axioms or hypotheses of a deductive science without inferring them from some more basic premises?\" He explains that the ideal situation is when one grasps that a \"relation holds between the terms, which would allow for absolute, universal certainty\". Avicenna then adds two further methods for arriving at the first principles: the ancient Aristotelian method of induction (istiqra), and the method of examination and experimentation (tajriba). Avicenna criticized Aristotelian induction, arguing that \"it does not lead to the absolute, universal, and certain premises that it purports to provide.\" In its place, he develops a \"method of experimentation as a means for scientific inquiry.\"[73]"}
{"id": "doc1392288", "text": "Though most of the show's episodes were taped in ABC's studios in Los Angeles, a number of \"special\" episodes were recorded on location, including one in Hawaii, one in New Orleans, one in Nashville (featuring most of the cast of the Grand Ole Opry), and a Thanksgiving episode in Parton's hometown of Sevierville, Tennessee, featuring most of her extended family."}
{"id": "doc1393769", "text": "Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus. Alpha particle emissions are generally produced in the process of alpha decay, but may also be produced in other ways. Alpha particles are named after the first letter in the Greek alphabet, \u03b1. The symbol for the alpha particle is \u03b1 or \u03b12+. Because they are identical to helium nuclei, they are also sometimes written as He2+ or 4\n2He2+ indicating a Helium ion with a +2 charge (missing its two electrons). If the ion gains electrons from its environment, the alpha particle can be written as a normal (electrically neutral) helium atom 4\n2He."}
{"id": "doc1393773", "text": "High-energy beta particles may produce X-rays known as bremsstrahlung (\"braking radiation\") or secondary electrons (delta ray) as they pass through matter. Both of these can cause an indirect ionization effect."}
{"id": "doc1393796", "text": "Outside the nucleus, free neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of 14 minutes, 42 seconds. Free neutrons decay by emission of an electron and an electron antineutrino to become a proton, a process known as beta decay:[17]"}
{"id": "doc1393854", "text": "As a part of the retina, bipolar cells exist between photoreceptors (rod cells and cone cells) and ganglion cells. They act, directly or indirectly, to transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells."}
{"id": "doc1394206", "text": "The Oregon Question originated in the 18th century during the early European or American exploration of the Pacific Northwest. Various Empires began to consider the area suitable for colonial expansion, including the Americans, Russians, Spanish and British. Naval captains such as the Spanish Juan Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9rez Hern\u00e1ndez, British George Vancouver and American Robert Gray gave defining regional water formations like the Columbia River and the Puget Sound their modern names and charted in the 1790s. Overland explorations were commenced by the British Alexander Mackenzie in 1792 and later followed by the American Lewis and Clark expedition, which reached the mouth of the Columbia River in 1805. These explorers often claimed in the name of their respective governments sovereignty over the Northwest Coast. The knowledge of fur-bearing animal populations like the California sea lion, North American beaver and the Northern fur seal were used to create an economic network called the maritime fur trade. The fur trade would remain the main economic interest that drew Euro-Americans to the Pacific Northwest for decades. Merchants exchanged goods for fur pelts along the coast with indigenous nations such as the Chinookan people, the Aleuts and the Nuu-chah-nulth."}
{"id": "doc1394217", "text": "Floyd continued to authorise legislation calling for an American colony on the Pacific. His career as a Representative ended in 1829, with the Oregon Question not discussed at Congress until 1837. The northern border proposed by Floyd was at first the 53\u00b0, and later 54\u00b040\u2032.[21] These bills were still met with the apathy or opposition of other Congressional members, one in particular being tabled for consideration by a vote of 100 to 61.[21] Missouri Senator Thomas H. Benton became a vocal supporter of Floyd's efforts, and thought that they would \"plant the germ of a powerful and independent Power beyond the Rockies.\"[21] John C. Calhoun, then Secretary of War, while somewhat interested in Floyd's considered bills, gave his opinion to that the HBC was an economic threat to American commercial interests in the west."}
{"id": "doc1394743", "text": "The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court, the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is composed of 160 members elected from 12 counties each divided into single-member electoral districts across the Commonwealth. The House of Representatives convenes at the Massachusetts State House in Boston."}
{"id": "doc1394755", "text": "14 Representatives (9 Democrats, 5 Republicans)"}
{"id": "doc1394758", "text": "12 Representatives (10 Democrats, 2 Republicans)"}
{"id": "doc1394760", "text": "37 Representatives (33 Democrats, 3 Republicans, 1 Vacant)"}
{"id": "doc1395334", "text": "The genus Phausis, usually placed in the tribe Photinini of the Lampyrinae, might represent another rather distinct lineage instead."}
{"id": "doc1395336", "text": "The film's general tone is much darker and the dream sequences are more Gothic than the previous films of the series, and a blue filter lighting technique is used in most of the scenes. The film's main titles do not display the \"5\" that was used in all of the promotional material, TV spots, trailers, and merchandise. The main titles simply say \"A Nightmare on Elm Street: The Dream Child\". Released on August 11, 1989, the film grossed over $22.2 million at domestic box office to a generally unfavourable critical reception."}
{"id": "doc1396327", "text": "On May 8, 2014, Beauty & the Beast was renewed for a third season of 13 episodes.[6] Filming on season three commenced on August 29, 2014,[7] and ended on February 12, 2015.[8] Season three was originally set to premiere on May 21, 2015,[9] but the premiere date was later moved by The CW to June 11, 2015.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1396483", "text": "The Rolling Stones"}
{"id": "doc1397224", "text": "Milan gained entry to the competition by finishing third in the 2005\u201306 Serie A.[4] Milan had originally finished second in Serie A, but were docked 30 points for their part in a match-fixing scandal.[4][5] The original punishment, reduced on appeal, would have barred them from the Champions League altogether.[5] Their opponents in the third qualifying round were Serbian team Red Star Belgrade. Two victories, 1\u20130 at home and 2\u20131 away, ensured Milan's passage to the group stage of the Champions League. They were drawn in Group H alongside AEK Athens of Greece, Anderlecht of Belgium and French team Lille. Milan won three matches, drew one and lost two to finish top of the group with 10 points and progress to the knockout stage.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1397231", "text": "The Olympic Stadium in Athens was selected as the venue for the 2007 UEFA Champions League Final at the April 2005 meeting of the UEFA Executive Committee in Tallinn, Estonia. The meeting also determined the venues for the 2006 final and the 2006 and 2007 UEFA Cup finals.[14] Shortly before the final, the UEFA Champions League trophy was returned to UEFA by Ludovic Giuly, representing the 2006 winners, Barcelona. UEFA president Michel Platini then presented the trophy to the Mayor of Athens, Nikitas Kaklamanis, so that it might be put on display in and around the city.[15] The stadium had hosted the showpiece event before. The most recent was the 1994 final. Coincidentally Milan were the winners, beating Barcelona 4\u20130. The other final held at the ground was in 1983, when Hamburg beat Juventus 1\u20130. The ground had also played host to the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final in 1987, when Ajax beat Lokomotiv Leipzig 1\u20130.[16]"}
{"id": "doc1397232", "text": "Adidas, the official match ball supplier to all major UEFA, FIFA and IOC tournaments, unveiled the official match ball for the 2007 UEFA Champions League final on 9 March 2007, presenting the Adidas Finale Athens. The design of the Adidas Finale Athens was based on the widely recognisable UEFA Champions League Starball logo and was blue and white, representing the colours of the Greek national flag.[17] The final matched two of the top goal-scorers in the competition that season. Milan's Kak\u00e1 finished on top of the scoring charts with ten goals, and Liverpool's Peter Crouch entered the game tied for third with six goals in total.[18]"}
{"id": "doc1400297", "text": "In late June 2008, the parties agreed to divide the 26 nominated seats in the Constituent Assembly between nine parties: the CPN (M) was to receive nine of these seats, while the Nepali Congress (NC) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN (UML)) (which respectively placed second and third in the election) would each receive five, the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum would receive two, and the Sadbhavana Party, the Nepal Workers and Peasants Party, Janamorcha Nepal, and the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) would each receive one nominated seat.[5][8] Due to its failure in drafting a new constitution, the CA was dissolved on May 28, 2012 after its original and extended total tenure of 4 years.[9] The next Nepalese Constituent Assembly elections initially slated for November 22, 2012 [10] were held a year later on November 19, 2013 after being postponed several times.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1400520", "text": "The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government. Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts, and place limitations on their jurisdiction. Article III federal judges are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die."}
{"id": "doc1400527", "text": "Federal judges, like Supreme Court Justices, are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die."}
{"id": "doc1400528", "text": "In April 2013, about 10 percent of federal seats were vacant, with 85 of 856 positions unfilled and 4 vacancies on the prestigious Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.[1] The high vacancy rate has been attributed to politics, particularly Senate filibustering of potential appointees by Senators.[1] In many cases there is no nominee for the position; however, the Senate has a tradition of senatorial courtesy in which nominees are only considered if the home senators approve.[2] In May 2013 Congressional Research Service published a paper analyzing the vacancies and appointment process.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1401076", "text": "The precision field may be omitted, or a numeric integer value, or a dynamic value when passed as another argument when indicated by an asterisk *. For example, printf(\"%.*s\", 3, \"abcdef\") will result in abc being printed."}
{"id": "doc1401088", "text": "Some compilers, like the GNU Compiler Collection, will statically check the format strings of printf-like functions and warn about problems (when using the flags -Wall or -Wformat). GCC will also warn about user-defined printf-style functions if the non-standard \"format\" __attribute__ is applied to the function."}
{"id": "doc1402781", "text": "The Church Fathers are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. The earliest Church Fathers, within two generations of the Twelve apostles of Christ, are usually called Apostolic Fathers for reportedly knowing and studying under the apostles personally. Important  Apostolic Fathers include Clement of Rome,[81] Ignatius of Antioch and Polycarp of Smyrna. In addition, the Didache and Shepherd of Hermas are usually placed among the writings of the Apostolic Fathers although their authors are unknown."}
{"id": "doc1402783", "text": "Clement wrote about the order with which Jesus commanded the affairs of the Church be conducted, and the selection of persons was also \"by His supreme will determined.\"[83] Clement also refers the way \"rivalry ... concerning the priesthood\" was resolved by or through Moses and that likewise, the apostles \"gave instructions, that when these should fall asleep, other approved men should succeed them in their ministry.\""}
{"id": "doc1405222", "text": "Extra-biblical traditions were used in the writing of the screenplay and some characters (such as Zerah) and situations were invented for the film for brevity or dramatic purposes. Notably, Jesus of Nazareth depicts Judas Iscariot as a well-intentioned man initially, but later as a dupe of Zerah who betrays Jesus largely as a result of Zerah's false platitudes and pretexts. However, in accordance with the Gospels, the film depicts Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea as sympathetic members of the Sanhedrin. Many of the miracles of Jesus, such as the changing of water into wine at the wedding at Cana, the transfiguration, and the calming of the storm are not depicted, although Jesus healing the blind man and the crippled woman on Sabbath, the feeding of the multitude, and the raising of Lazarus from the dead are presented here."}
{"id": "doc1405971", "text": "The Beatles performed the song in many of their early Hamburg shows, and also played it on the BBC show Pop Go The Beatles. In late 1964, exhausted from non-stop touring and recording and short of original material, they decided to record several of their old rock and rhythm and blues favorites to fill out their LP release Beatles for Sale. Among these was a version of Berry's tune that eventually became as well known as the original. The lead vocal in The Beatles' version was performed by John Lennon. In contrast to Berry's even-toned rendition, Lennon sang it as loudly and dynamically as his voice would permit. In the United States, it was released on the LP, Beatles '65. The song was part of the set list for the group's final tour in 1966 - the performance from their June 30 show at the Nippon Budokan was included in 1996's Anthology 2 - and was also performed during the Get Back/Let It Be Sessions in January 1969."}
{"id": "doc1406086", "text": "An additional group of dopamine-secreting neurons is found in the retina of the eye.[37] These neurons are amacrine cells, meaning that they have no axons.[37] They release dopamine into the extracellular medium, and are specifically active during daylight hours, becoming silent at night.[37] This retinal dopamine acts to enhance the activity of cone cells in the retina while suppressing rod cells\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe result is to increase sensitivity to color and contrast during bright light conditions, at the cost of reduced sensitivity when the light is dim.[37]"}
{"id": "doc1406392", "text": "The number 7005206265000000000\u2660206265 is approximately equal to the number of arcseconds in a circle (7006129600000000000\u26601296000), divided by 2\u03c0."}
{"id": "doc1407398", "text": "The language surrounding automatic, semi-automatic, self-loading, etc., often causes confusion due to differences in technical usage between different countries and differences in popular usage. For example, the term \"automatic pistol\" technically refers to a machine pistol which is capable of firing multiple round bursts for a single pull of the trigger, although in popular US usage it is also used as a synonym for a semi-automatic pistol. In the case of pistols, an 'automatic pistol', a 'semi-automatic pistol', or a 'self-loading pistol', all usually imply a handgun that is semi-automatic, self-loading, and magazine-fed with a magazine that is removable, producing one shot fired for each trigger pull. The term pistol may refer to handguns in general, or may be used to differentiate (semi-automatic) pistols from revolvers."}
{"id": "doc1407409", "text": "In Belgium in 1896, the first American gun designer to develop self-loading semi-automatic pistols was John Browning, whose models were first manufactured by the Belgian firm of Fabrique Nationale (FN) in Europe and later by Colt in the U.S. Like Luger's work conducted around the same time in Germany, Browning's first successful design was in 7.65\u00a0mm, the Browning M1900. Browning also devised a slightly different 7.65\u00a0mm Browning (.32 Auto) cartridge for his semi-automatic pistol that differed from Luger's 7.65\u00a0mm Parabellum. Browning also designed .25, .38, .380, and .45 ACP cartridges in addition to .32 ACP for his semi-automatic pistol designs."}
{"id": "doc1407628", "text": "The Golden Compass film stars Dakota Blue Richards as Lyra, Nicole Kidman as Mrs. Coulter, and Daniel Craig as Lord Asriel. Eva Green plays Serafina Pekkala, Ian McKellen voices Iorek Byrnison, and Freddie Highmore voices Pantalaimon."}
{"id": "doc1407767", "text": "This unique sidearm was also known as the \"Grape Shot Revolver.\" It was developed in New Orleans in 1856 by Jean Alexander Le Mat, whose manufacturing effort was backed by P. G. T. Beauregard, who became a general in the Confederate States Army. Fewer than 100 were made by John Krider of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1859, including the first 25 prototypes. It is estimated that 2,900 were produced in Li\u00e9ge, Belgium and Paris, France. The European made pistols were shipped through Birmingham, England, where they were proofmarked.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1407977", "text": "The third sequel was released in China on February 16, 2018.[8] During the event it was announced that the film will be released on 16 February 2018, the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period, which is also the first day of the Year of the Dog."}
{"id": "doc1410020", "text": "The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers."}
{"id": "doc1410472", "text": "The Washington planners, who included Burnham, Saint-Gaudens, Charles McKim of McKim, Mead, and White, and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., visited many of the great cities of Europe. They hoped to make Washington monumental and green like the European capitals of the era; they believed that state-organized beautification could lend legitimacy to government during a time of social disturbance in the United States. The essence of the plan surrounded the United States Capitol with monumental government buildings to replace \"notorious slum communities\". At the heart of the design was the creation of the National Mall and eventually included Burnham's Union Station. The implementation of the plan was interrupted by World War I but resumed after the war, culminating in the construction of the Lincoln Memorial in 1922."}
{"id": "doc1410557", "text": "The game will be televised nationally by ESPN"}
{"id": "doc1411599", "text": "The Constitution of the United States states:"}
{"id": "doc1411626", "text": "\"A View to a Kill\" is the thirteenth single by the English new wave and synthpop band Duran Duran, released on 6 May 1985. Written and recorded as the theme for the 1985 James Bond movie of the same name, it became one of the band's biggest hits. It remains the only James Bond theme song to have reached number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100; it also made it to number 2 for three weeks on the UK Singles Chart.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc1411861", "text": "Seasons pass and Will, though determined to forget Anna, remains miserable. Spike and Honey find the numbers to Anna's New York and London agents, encouraging him to reach out, but Will decides to throw them away. At a dinner with his friends, Will discovers that Anna is now an Oscar winner and back in town making a period film. He visits her location shoot, where Anna sees him and invites him past security. Although things are not going well on set, she asks him to stay because there are \"things to say\". He is surprised to find that it is a Henry James film, something he had previously suggested would be a good role for Anna. Given headphones to listen to the actors over their microphones, Will overhears Anna bantering with her rude co-star, until the co-star mentions seeing Will and Anna refers to him dismissively. Saddened, Will leaves the set."}
{"id": "doc1411867", "text": "Stuart Craig, the production designer, was pleased to do a contemporary film, saying \"we're dealing with streets with thousands of people, market traders, shop owners and residents which makes it really complex\".[8] Filming began on 17 April 1998 in West London and at Shepperton Studios.[1] Will's bookshop was on Portobello Road, one of the main areas in which filming took place. Other places within Notting Hill included Westbourne Park Road, Golborne Road, Landsdowne Road and the Coronet Cinema.[8] Will's house, 280 Westbourne Park Road, was owned by Richard Curtis and behind the entrance there is a grand house, not the flat in the film that was made up in the studios. The blue door was auctioned for charity. The current door is blue again. The Travel Book Store is located at 142 Portobello Road.[9] After filming for six weeks in Notting Hill, filming moved to the Ritz Hotel, where work had to take place at night, the Savoy Hotel, the Nobu Restaurant, the Zen Garden of the Hempel Hotel and Kenwood House.[8] One of the final scenes takes place at a film premiere, which presented difficulties. Michell wanted to film Leicester Square but was declined. Police had found fans at a Leonardo DiCaprio premiere problematic and were concerned the same might occur at the staged premiere. Through a health and safety act, the production received permission to film and constructed the scene in 24 hours.[8] Interior scenes were the last to be filmed, at Shepperton Studios.[8] The final cut was 3.5 hours long, 90 minutes edited out for release.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1411912", "text": "Through the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress established a six-member Supreme Court. The court was composed of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices. It was given exclusive original jurisdiction over all civil actions between states, or between a state and the United States, as well as over all suits and proceedings brought against ambassadors and other diplomatic personnel; and original, but not exclusive, jurisdiction over all other cases in which a state was a party and any cases brought by an ambassador. The Court was given appellate jurisdiction over decisions of the federal circuit courts as well as decisions by state courts holding invalid any statute or treaty of the United States; or holding valid any state law or practice that was challenged as being inconsistent with the federal constitution, treaties, or laws; or rejecting any claim made by a party under a provision of the federal constitution, treaties, or laws.[46]"}
{"id": "doc1411918", "text": "Washington, Jefferson, and James Madison, then a representative from Virginia, all supported a permanent capital on the Potomac; Hamilton backed a temporary capital in New York City, and a permanent one in Trenton, New Jersey. At the same time, Hamilton's funding proposal, a plan in which the federal government would assume debts incurred by states in waging the Revolutionary War was failing to garner enough support to pass. Jefferson, understanding that Hamilton needed southern votes to pass his funding plan, and keenly aware that the Potomac capital concept would fail without additional northern support, made use of an opportunity provided by a chance encounter with Hamilton to an informal dinner meeting at which interested parties could discuss a \"mutual accommodation.\"[52] The deal subsequently struck, known as the Compromise of 1790, cleared the way for passage, in July 1790, of the Residence Act. The act transferred the federal capital to Philadelphia for 10 years, while a permanent capital along the Potomac was under construction. Hamilton's debt assumption plan became law with the passage of the Funding Act of 1790.[59][60]"}
{"id": "doc1412494", "text": "The ITR-3 Form particularly applies to those Individuals and Hindu Undivided Families who are registered as Partners in a firm. As per Rule 12 of the Income Tax Rules, 1962, this form does not apply to those who are Proprietors of a firm. It is mainly for the business which includes partnership deals. It is also applicable for professionals but it should be a partnership profession.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1413571", "text": "In 1990, he played the adult version of main character Bill in the TV adaptation of Stephen King's novel It."}
{"id": "doc1415401", "text": "In the past century, agriculture has been characterized by increased productivity, the substitution of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for labor, water pollution, and farm subsidies. In recent years there has been a backlash against the environmental effects of conventional agriculture, resulting in the organic, regenerative, and sustainable agriculture movements.[69][78] One of the major forces behind this movement has been the European Union, which first certified organic food in 1991 and began reform of its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2005 to phase out commodity-linked farm subsidies,[79] also known as decoupling. The growth of organic farming has renewed research in alternative technologies such as integrated pest management and selective breeding.[80] Recent mainstream technological developments include genetically modified food.[81] Demand for non-food biofuel crops,[82] development of former farm lands, rising transportation costs, climate change, growing consumer demand in China and India, and population growth,[83] are threatening food security in many parts of the world.[84][85][86][87][88] The International Fund for Agricultural Development posits that an increase in smallholder agriculture may be part of the solution to concerns about food prices and overall food security, given the favorable experience of Vietnam.[89] Soil degradation and diseases such as stem rust are major concerns globally;[90] approximately 40% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded.[91][92] By 2015, the agricultural output of China was the largest in the world, followed by the European Union, India and the United States.[77] Economists measure the total factor productivity of agriculture and by this measure agriculture in the United States is roughly 1.7 times more productive than it was in 1948.[93]"}
{"id": "doc1416739", "text": "The film was shot on location in London and Washington, D.C. During a set visit, Time Out London noted the style of filming is highly similar to The Thick of It:"}
{"id": "doc1418632", "text": "Benthamism, the utilitarian philosophy founded by Jeremy Bentham, was substantially modified by his successor John Stuart Mill, who popularized the word 'Utilitarianism'.[1] In 1861, Mill acknowledged in a footnote that, though \"believing himself to be the first person who brought the word 'utilitarian' into use, he did not invent it. Rather, he adopted it from a passing expression in\" John Galt's 1821 novel Annals of the Parish.[2] Mill seems to have been unaware that Bentham had used the term 'utilitarian' in his 1781 letter to George Wilson and his 1802 letter to \u00c9tienne Dumont.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1418778", "text": "The Mud Dogs home games were filmed at Spec Martin Stadium in DeLand, Florida, home of the local high school team (the DHS Bulldogs). The classrooms and gym where Bobby takes the GED are part of Stetson University, also located in DeLand. Stetson's Carlton Student Union building is featured in the scene where Bobby is told his mother has been hospitalized."}
{"id": "doc1419198", "text": "Until World War II, Tallahassee remained a small southern town with virtually the entire population living within 1 mile (1.6\u00c2\u00a0km) of the Capitol.[citation needed] The main economic drivers were the colleges and state government, where politicians met to discuss spending money on grand public improvement projects to accommodate growth in places such as Miami and Tampa Bay, hundreds of miles away from the capital. By the 1960s there was a movement to transfer the capital to Orlando, closer to the growing population centers of the state. That movement was defeated; the 1970s saw a long-term commitment by the state to the capital city, with construction of the new capitol complex and preservation of the old Florida State Capitol building."}
{"id": "doc1419915", "text": "The Arches area was first brought to the attention of the National Park Service by Frank A. Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. Wadleigh, accompanied by railroad photographer George L. Beam, visited the area in September 1923 at the invitation of Alexander Ringhoffer, a Hungarian-born prospector living in Salt Valley. Ringhoffer had written to the railroad in an effort to interest them in the tourist potential of a scenic area he had discovered the previous year with his two sons and a son-in-law, which he called the \"Devil's Garden\" (known today as the \"Klondike Bluffs\"). Wadleigh was impressed by what Ringhoffer showed him, and suggested to Park Service director Stephen T. Mather that the area be made a national monument."}
{"id": "doc1421127", "text": "As of the end of the sixth series in 2007, the number of episodes is 29. The possibility of more episodes was in doubt after Shaw became involved in other projects,[1] and the series had been officially cancelled by the BBC by 2009.[2][3] The pilot and all 6 series have been released on DVD in the UK (minus episodes 24 & 25). The pilot and first series were released in North America in March 2010."}
{"id": "doc1422800", "text": "Greenwalt and Kouf served as executive producers for the series, along with Sean Hayes and Todd Milliner.[14] The series was produced by Universal Media Studios and Hazy Mills Productions. It was filmed on location in and around Portland.[15] Greenwalt and Kouf told Portland's NBC affiliate KGW[citation needed] they chose Portland because of its plentiful forests in the city's two largest parks, Washington Park and Forest Park."}
{"id": "doc1423679", "text": "The Grand Final is held at Old Trafford, Manchester, the largest capacity stadium in the North of England."}
{"id": "doc1423992", "text": "Applications to bind a person over may be made in a variety of circumstances: e.g. for minor assaults inside private premises where there are no truly independent witnesses; continuing domestic disputes; or for minor cases where it is obvious that both parties are at fault with no independent evidence to support either party's counter-allegation."}
{"id": "doc1425878", "text": "In 1982, Madonna, aged 24, was living in New York, and trying to set up her music career.[1] She was joined by her Detroit boyfriend Steve Bray who became the drummer of her band, the Breakfast Club, which played generally hard-rock music. Soon they abandoned playing songs in the hard-rock genre, and got signed by a music management company called Gotham Records, planning to move in a new musical direction.[2] They decided to pursue the funk genre, but the record company was not happy with their musical talents and they were dropped from the label; Madonna and Bray left the band also.[1] Meanwhile, she had written and developed some songs on her own. She carried rough tapes of three of the songs, \"Everybody\", \"Ain't No Big Deal\" and \"Burning Up\". At that time she was frequenting the Danceteria nightclub in New York. It was here that Madonna convinced the DJ Mark Kamins to play \"Everybody\".[1] The song was received positively by the crowd, and Kamins decided that he should get Madonna a record deal, on the understanding that he would get to produce the single.[1] He took her to his boss Chris Blackwell, who owned Island Records, but Blackwell refused to sign Madonna so they approached Sire Records.[3] Michael Rosenblatt, who worked in the artists and repertoire department of Sire, offered Madonna $5,000 in advance, plus $1,000 in royalties, for each song she wrote.[4][5]"}
{"id": "doc1425919", "text": "Party divisions of United States Congresses have played a central role in the organization and operations of both chambers of the United States Congress\u2014the Senate and the House of Representatives\u2014since its establishment as the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States in 1789. Political parties had not been anticipated when the U.S. Constitution was drafted in 1787, nor did they exist at the time the first Senate elections and House elections occurred in 1788 and 1789. Organized political parties developed in the U.S. in the 1790s, but political factions\u2014from which organized parties evolved\u2014began to appear almost immediately after the 1st Congress convened. Those who supported the Washington administration were referred to as \"pro-administration\" and would eventually form the Federalist Party, while those in opposition joined the emerging Democratic-Republican Party.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1427177", "text": "Preparations for the LP's release continued in late June and early July 1963, including the manufacturing of masters and metal parts and the printing of 6,000 front covers.[10] But, despite the claims of many older Beatles books and discographies  that Introducing... The Beatles was first released on 22 July 1963,[11][12][13] no documentation exists to confirm that the album was released at any time in 1963.[14]"}
{"id": "doc1427181", "text": "Metal parts were already at Vee-Jay's three primary pressing plants, and 6,000 front covers were already printed. But it had no back cover prepared. So, as a stopgap, the label used a back cover slick made from one side of its standard inner sleeve, consisting of full-colour reproductions of the covers of 25 \"other fine albums of significant interest\".[19] This cover is known by collectors as the \"Ad Back\" version and is highly sought. A second stopgap back cover was used when the \"Ad Back\" slicks were exhausted; because it is all-white with no printing at all, it is known by collectors as the \"Blank Back\" edition and is also very rare. Finally, third editions contain Vee-Jay's official back cover, with Introducing The Beatles near the top and the song titles in two columns underneath. All of these were available on the market within days of the 10 January release date.[19]  Also in January, \"Please Please Me\" was reissued as a single, this time with \"From Me to You\" as the B-side.[20][21]"}
{"id": "doc1427193", "text": "From the start of Beatlemania in the United States until the October 1964 expiration of its rights to Beatles music, Vee-Jay issued four LP albums, four singles, and an EP out of the 16 tracks it gained from its 1963 license period.  On 22 March 1965, Capitol issued The Early Beatles, which contained 11 of the 14 tracks that had previously been issued on Introducing... The Beatles.[36]  \"Misery\" and \"There's a Place\", two of the other three songs, would not make their Capitol Records LP debut until 1980, on the US version of Rarities.  The other Introducing... song was \"I Saw Her Standing There\", first released in the UK on the Please Please Me LP.  The song appeared in the US on both the Vee-Jay album as well as Capitol's Meet The Beatles! LP. These two albums marked the only time that two different Beatles' albums, each from a different record label, were released in the same month with one song appearing on both albums. There is a difference between the two tracks in that Paul's count-off is cut short on the Vee-Jay release by three numbers leaving only \"four!\" on the intro. Later, in the summer of 1964, Capitol would release Something New in the United States with five songs that had already appeared on the American A Hard Day's Night soundtrack album released by United Artists Records about one month earlier."}
{"id": "doc1427198", "text": "There are also known fake versions of Songs, Pictures, and Stories of the Fabulous Beatles.[37] These counterfeits often omit \"Stories\" from the album title, since they are circulated without the gatefold cover and the text inside, renaming it Songs and Pictures of the Fabulous Beatles. These versions have 3 songs not on the original album. \"From Me To You\" (in place of \"Anna\"), \"Love Me Do\" (in place of \"Ask Me Why\") and \"P.S I Love You\", which opens side 2 rather than \"Please Please Me\" (The song is rather placed on side 1, track 3).[37]"}
{"id": "doc1428083", "text": "Friday accompanies Crusoe home to England, and is his companion in the sequel The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, in which Friday is killed in a sea battle. In Jules Verne's L'\u00c3\u2030cole des Robinsons (1882), the castaways rescue an African Negro on their island who says his name is Carefinotu. T. Artelett proposes to call him Mercredi (\"Wednesday\"), \"as it is always done in the islands with Robinsons,\"[1] but his master Godfrey prefers to keep the original name."}
{"id": "doc1429442", "text": "The film features computer-animated creatures in live-action settings.[10] Live-action footage was filmed in New Zealand and in the southern part of the U.S. state of Alaska. Director Nightingale said, \"[They] have that kind of temperate climate which represents the period very well. The world was a bit warmer then, so they would have had 24 hours of sunshine in the summer and 24 hours of darkness in the winter.\"[17] Filming began in 2011 in Alaska, where Evergreen Films is headquartered.[18] In the second half of 2011, more than 55 people were working out of Evergreen's office in the Alaskan city of Anchorage.[19] While the film's dinosaurs lived in Alaska during the Late Cretaceous period approximately 70 million years ago, they lived more in the northern part of the state due to the climate at the time. Filmmakers considered Southeast Alaska's rainforests below the Arctic Circle close to the climate that the dinosaurs experienced, so they filmed there and in Southcentral Alaska. Specific locations included Crow Creek Mine near Girdwood, Alaska and the Kenai Peninsula.[20] In 2012, the state government of Alaska awarded the production companies a subsidy of US$1.7 million.[21] Additional filming also took place on South Island in New Zealand.[16] For a river chase scene, filming was performed at rapids in New Zealand using a helicopter and with a 3D camera rig in a rubber boat.[17] At the locations, the crew built dinosaur shapes out of PVC drain pipes to give the filmmakers a sense of the dinosaurs' scale when filming the live-action backdrop.[22]"}
{"id": "doc1430768", "text": "Michael Jackson had seven number one hits on the Top 100 Singles charts."}
{"id": "doc1430993", "text": "The nursery rhyme \"Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush\" uses the tree in the refrain, as do some contemporary American versions of the nursery rhyme \"Pop Goes the Weasel\"."}
{"id": "doc1430994", "text": "Vincent van Gogh featured the mulberry tree in some of his paintings, notably Mulberry Tree (M\u00c3\u00bbrier, 1889, now in Pasadena's Norton Simon Museum). He painted it after a stay at an asylum, and he considered it a technical success.[23]"}
{"id": "doc1431001", "text": "Mulberry Tree by Vincent van Gogh, 1889"}
{"id": "doc1433613", "text": "With the emergence of an externally consistent green economics and agreement on definitions of potentially contentious terms such as full-cost accounting, natural capital and social capital, the prospect of formal metrics for ecological and social loss or risk has grown less remote since the 1990s.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1434866", "text": "Abdullah Yusuf Ali, whose The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary is among the most widely known English versions of the Qur'an,[5] explained that this tree \"marked the bounds of heavenly knowledge as revealed to men, beyond which neither Angels nor men could pass.\"[3]"}
{"id": "doc1435232", "text": "Jackson has performed the song on most of her tours including the janet. Tour, The Velvet Rope Tour, All for You Tour, Rock Witchu Tour, Number Ones, Up Close and Personal, Unbreakable World Tour, and State of the World Tour."}
{"id": "doc1435310", "text": "Archaeological evidence from this era is believed to corroborate some Biblical events. In 925 BCE, Pharaoh Sheshonk I of the Third Intermediate Period is recorded to have invaded Canaan following the Battle of Bitter Lakes, and is thought to be the same as Shishak, the first Pharaoh mentioned in the Bible who captured and pillaged Jerusalem. There was an at least partial Egyptian withdrawal from Palestine in this period, though it is likely that Bet Shean was an Egyptian garrison as late as the beginning of the 10th century BCE.[32] The Kurkh Monolith, dated c. 835 BCE, describes King Shalmaneser III of Assyria's Battle of Qarqar, where he fought alongside the contingents of several kings, among them King Ahab and King Gindibu. The Mesha Stele, from c. 850 BCE, recounts the conquering of Moab, located East of the Dead Sea, by king Omri, and the successful revolt of Moabian king Mesha against Omri's son, presumably King Ahab (and French scholar Andr\u00e9 Lemaire reported that line 31 of the Stele bears the phrase \"the house of David\" (in Biblical Archaeology Review [May/June 1994], pp.\u00a030\u201337).[43]). Inscriptions at Tel Dan and Tell es-Safi record parts of the conquest of the region by Hazael of Aram Damascus in the 830s BCE.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1435759", "text": "Turkey vulture, a New World vulture"}
{"id": "doc1436063", "text": "A version of the title of the speech appears in Benjamin Clementine's Winston Churchill`s Boy song."}
{"id": "doc1437877", "text": "The town continued to grow at a moderate pace. Railroads finally arrived to connect with the Central Pacific and San Francisco in 1876. The impact was small. Much greater was the impact of the Santa Fe system (through its subsidiary California Southern Railroad) in 1885. The Santa Fe and Southern Pacific lines provided direct connections to the East, competed vigorously for business with much lower rates, and stimulated economic growth. Tourists poured in by the thousands every week, and many planned on returning or resettling.[47]"}
{"id": "doc1438166", "text": "San Miguel Mission in Santa Fe, New Mexico"}
{"id": "doc1439388", "text": "Some have seen the publication of Against Method as leading to Feyerabend's isolation from the community of philosophers of science, who objected to his view that there is no such thing as the scientific method.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1440230", "text": "Debnam-Carey guest starred in season two of CW's The 100, first appearing in episode six as Commander Lexa, a powerful leader of twelve clans. She became one of the fan favorites. At San Diego Comic Con International 2015, it was confirmed by show's creator Jason Rothenberg that Debnam-Carey would be returning to the show's third season in a recurring role.[20]"}
{"id": "doc1441161", "text": "The alternate hit version also appeared on the New Jack City soundtrack."}
{"id": "doc1442519", "text": "The railroads began to decline after the Great Depression.[6] A shift in transportation accelerated after World War II with the federal subsidy of the Interstate Highway System and increased competition from trucking companies. One of the first Class I railroads to shut down was the O&W, in 1957, leaving Port Jervis totally reliant on the Erie. A few years later, in 1960, the Erie, also on a shaky financial footing, merged with Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad to become the Erie Lackawanna. Railroad restructuring continued and in 1976, the Erie Lackawana became part of Conrail, along with a number of other struggling railroads, such as the Penn Central.[5] Since the breakup of Conrail, the trackage around Port Jervis has been controlled by Norfolk Southern. The decline of the railroads was an economic blow to Port Jervis. The city has struggled to find a new economic basis."}
{"id": "doc1443647", "text": "In 2005, Marsters filmed a thriller, Shadow Puppets, with Jolene Blalock. Late that year, Marsters appeared on the television series Smallville playing Dr. Milton Fine\u2014the popular Superman villain \"Brainiac\"\u2014in eight episodes throughout the show's fifth season. He reprised his role as Brainiac in a four-episode arc in the seventh season, and did a cameo voice-over in season eight. He returned for one episode in the show's final season.[10] On October 29, 2005, Marsters presented two performances of his own abridged adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth with American actress Cheryl Puente as Lady Macbeth, followed by question and answer sessions with the audience and acoustic concerts in London."}
{"id": "doc1443952", "text": "After considering how the ideas of means and ends relate to decision-making,[30]:504 Simon distinguishes among \"objectively\", \"subjectively\", \"consciously\", \"deliberately\", \"organizationally\", and \"personally\" rational decisions.[1]:76\u00e2\u20ac\u201c77[4]:85"}
{"id": "doc1445420", "text": "Bobbie eventually broke up with Scott, because of his dirty tactics against Alexis in the run for D.A. Later, Luke returned to town and was arrested again. But Nikolas Cassadine had obtained tapes of Laura confessing to Rick Webber's murder, and Alexis used the tapes to force Scott to drop the charges against Luke, in return for Alexis dropping out of the election. Scotty then had Luke committed to an asylum, for what he had done to Laura. Scott was an extremely corrupt DA, frequently using his position to take action against his enemies, at one point even ordering Luke arrested by his own son, Lucky."}
{"id": "doc1445498", "text": "Gaston is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film Beauty and the Beast (1991). Voiced by American actor and singer Richard White, Gaston is an arrogant man whose unrequited feelings for the intellectual Belle drive him to murder his adversary, the Beast, once he realizes she cares for him instead. Gaston serves as a foil personality to the Beast, who was once as vain as Gaston prior to his transformation."}
{"id": "doc1445499", "text": "An original character who is not present in the Beauty and the Beast fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont upon which the film is based, Gaston was inspired by Avenant, a character filmmaker Jean Cocteau created specifically for his 1946 film adaptation of the story. Created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton, who based the character on some of the ex-boyfriends she dated in her past, Gaston was developed specifically for Disney's adaptation of Beauty and the Beast because the studio felt that the film could benefit from a strong villain, who is lacking in the original fairy tale. As the character evolved from a nonthreatening aristocrat into an arrogant man relentlessly seeking Belle's hand in marriage, Gaston ultimately replaced a female relative of Belle's who the filmmakers had originally created to serve as the film's villain."}
{"id": "doc1445510", "text": "From very early during the film, audiences are led to expect that Gaston's obsession with Belle will eventually drive him to battle the Beast, Belle's love interest and protector.[31] Despite their obvious differences, Gaston and the Beast boast several similarities, namely their shared interest in Belle \u2013 Gaston's climatic fight with the Beast is driven by the fact that both characters are in love with the same person, albeit differently \u2013[21] exaggerated musculature,[49] and respective goals motivated by their own insecurities.[21] Additionally, both characters use Belle's loyalty to her father to manipulate her.[51] The scene in which Gaston sits in his large chair in the village tavern is a reference to him and the Beast's similarities.[49] Decorated with fur and horns, Gaston's chair resembles the Beast when viewed from behind.[49] In his book The Meanings of \"Beauty and the Beast\": A Handbook, author Jerry Griswold observed that \"given the dramatic contrast between Gaston and the Beast ... the title of the film may actually refer to them alone.\"[49] In her book Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works, author Phyllis Frus observed that the villain's subtle, entirely non-physical transformation into a more demonic version of himself forces the character to suffer a \"loss of humanity\", in the end justifying his ultimate death.[1] By the end of the film, Gaston has essentially traded places with the Beast, the latter of whom was originally depicted as the story's antagonist.[21] Frus elaborated, \"few viewers predict that\" Gaston \"will finish the film snarling like an animal ... before falling to his death\", concluding that the character \"does not need to magically turn into a beast at the end because, as a male, he is already 'beastly'.\"[1]"}
{"id": "doc1445515", "text": "Gaston appears in the 2017 remake as played by Welsh actor Luke Evans. During an interview with Empire magazine, Evans said that Gaston would retain his hunter background, yet would also be a former soldier in the French army. He also implied that this version of Gaston is darker than the original.[73] In the film, Gaston plays out the same role as in the animated movie, though with a few differences. Bored with his peaceful life after returning from the war, Gaston pursues Belle, determined to marry her, as she is the most beautiful girl in the village and the only one good enough for him. He also finds her independence to be a thrilling challenge, and shows obvious disgust with the bimbettes who constantly fawn over him purely because of his appearance. He accosts her at her home, subtly offering his hand in marriage for when Maurice dies, but she turns him down. Gaston sulks in the tavern until LeFou cheers him up with a song. Maurice appears, claiming that Belle has been imprisoned by the Beast. Intrigued, Gaston offers to help Maurice free her as means of gaining both Maurice and Belle's favor. Gaston comes to doubt Maurice's claims and reveals the only reason for helping him was so he could give Gaston Belle's hand in marriage. When Maurice refuses to allow Gaston to marry Belle, Gaston ties him to a tree, leaving him to the wolves. He hopes by doing this, it would coerce Belle into marrying him, as he tells Lefou that after Maurice dies there will be no one to take care of Belle except for him. Maurice later accuses Gaston of his crime, but Gaston fools the people into thinking Maurice is mad and arranges for him to be locked up in the asylum. He privately offers to put a stop to it if he lets him marry Belle, but Maurice still refuses. When Belle turns up and proves the Beast's existence with the mirror, Gaston's jealousy drives him to rally the people to storm the castle and kill the Beast, but not before he orders Tom, Dick, and Stanley to lock Belle alongside her father to prevent her from warning the Beast. He confronts the Beast alone and shoots him in the back. Belle appears and the Beast fights back, holding Gaston over a chasm, but Gaston begs for mercy and is spared. Instead of leaving, Gaston stands on a nearby stone bridge and shoots the Beast again, this time fatally. In response to the Beast's life fading, the castle begins to crumble and the bridge where Gaston is standing breaks into pieces, sending Gaston falling to his death. Unlike in the animated movie, Gaston's death is shown onscreen."}
{"id": "doc1446034", "text": "Films made at least partially in the area include A Breed Apart, Searching for Angela Shelton, Last of the Mohicans (box office #1 film in the U.S.), Being There, My Fellow Americans, Loggerheads, The Fugitive (#1 film), All the Real Girls, Richie Rich, Thunder Road, Hannibal (#1 film), Songcatcher, Patch Adams (#1 film), Nell, Forrest Gump (#1 film), Mr. Destiny, Dirty Dancing, Bull Durham, The Private Eyes, The Swan, The Clearing, The Conquest of Canaan, House of Poets, The Purple Box, 28 Days, and The Hunger Games (box office #1 film)."}
{"id": "doc1448736", "text": "Benson is a common patronymic surname of English origin meaning \"son of Ben\" (Benedict, Benjamin, Bennett).[1][2] Benson is uncommon as a first name, but quite common as a surname in English speaking countries."}
{"id": "doc1448795", "text": "The standing figure on Pier C is thought to be a woman, possibly Pakal\u2019s mother, Lady Zac-Kuk. The appearance of the psychoduct (a hollow duct that goes from the outer temple into the tomb of Pakal) and the stone band that connects to it have led many to compare the structure to an umbilical cord. The fact that this \u201cumbilical cord\u201d connects the figure on Pier C to Pakal\u2019s tomb (and by extension, Pakal himself) supports the identification of the figure as Lady Zac-Kuk. The umbilical cord can then be interpreted as a reference to the royal bloodline."}
{"id": "doc1449831", "text": "Thomas Connolly (Blacklister No. 11) is the US Attorney General, who is a good friend and colleague of Harold Cooper. Connolly was captured alongside Cooper by men working for Ruth Kipling/The Judge(Blacklister No. 57) and taken to a makeshift prison to be put on trial. He tried to reason with her that Alan Ray Rifkin broke the law by committing mass murders in Afghanistan and their forced confession on him was necessary to avoid similar situations. Kipling wasn't convinced and she was about ready to make both Connolly and Cooper suffer the same fate, until Red shows up to prove Rifkin's guilt and coerced her to do the right thing. He becomes a member of the Cabal in Episode 20 of season 2, \"Leonard Caul\", and manipulated Cooper on the Cabal's behalf. Connolly is later shot and killed by Liz Keen when it became clear that he had coerced Cooper's doctor to fake Cooper's cancer and planned to destroy the other Task Force members. Liz then spends months on the run for the crimes she was framed for, including Connolly's murder. Red eventually forces Laurel Hitchins, another Cabal member to publicly exonerate Liz. However, she demands that Liz plead guilty to involuntary manslaughter in Connolly's murder since there had been witnesses and he was well-liked. Liz took the deal and got three years probation, but could not regain her position amongst the FBI as a result. When Laurel exonerated Liz, she was forced to admit that Connolly was part of the Cabal."}
{"id": "doc1449851", "text": "The Cabal smuggled him into the US to complete a high-priority mission. He blew up the CIA's Office of Russian and European Analysis, killing the agents inside. Cooper's task force found evidence that indicated Karakurt was planning to infect US Senator Hawkins with a customized biological weapon at a memorial service for the agents killed in the bombing. Elizabeth Keen managed to get Hawkins to safety before Karakurt could carry out his attack, but the senator mysteriously collapsed and died. It turned out that Karakurt had merely been a decoy, and that the Cabal had secretly infected Liz with the weapon and used the threat of Karakurt to get her to unwittingly infect Hawkins, then framed her as a Russian spy and as the assassin of Hawkins. Tom Keen later tracked down and captured the real Karakurt in hopes of using him to exonerate Liz. When Matias Solomon and an assault team attack their location, Ressler and Tom reluctantly allow Karakurt to aid them in stopping the killers. Karakurt saves Tom's life during the battle and is then promptly restrained once more. While Solomon tries to force them to turn Karakurt over to him, Cooper knocks him out from behind and he is arrested. Karakurt later reluctantly agrees to testify about the Cabal and Ressler has him led into the courthouse in front of the press and exposes him as the true terrorist and not Elizabeth Keen. This, along with Red's efforts, exonerate Liz."}
{"id": "doc1449866", "text": "At that point the rays of the setting sun become a kind of road from the earth to the sky. She has a vision of redeemed souls winding their way to Heaven. Her vision is that she, Claud, and \"proper\" white Christians are at the back of the throng. In front of them, arriving in heaven first, are all the people Mrs Turpin considers inferior and unworthy of either her or God's love and at the rear of this parade into heaven she sees the faces of herself, Claud, and her proper Christian friends as they appear \"shocked and altered.\" This seems to be her revelation: that even what she considers to be basic human virtues are incomparable and expendable to God."}
{"id": "doc1450365", "text": "To visualize this story, Disney selected 50 percent of its new CGI animation team from its 2D animation staff, and placed them through a rigorous eighteen-month training program, which included an introductory to Alias's Maya that would serve as the main 3D animation software used on the project. As some of the animators had worked on Dinosaur (2000), which used live-action backgrounds,[17] the animation team took inspiration for its staging, coloring, and theatrical lighting from Mary Blair's background designs featured in Peter Pan (1953), and Alice in Wonderland (1951)."}
{"id": "doc1450680", "text": "\"Those among us who are unwilling to expose their ideas to the hazard of refutation do not take part in the game of science.\""}
{"id": "doc1451667", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Muscicapidae"}
{"id": "doc1451671", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Mimidae"}
{"id": "doc1451760", "text": "He guested occasionally on radio as late as 1946, often with Edgar Bergen. Shortly before his death that year, Fields recorded a spoken-word album, including his \"Temperance Lecture\" and \"The Day I Drank a Glass of Water\", at Les Paul's studio, where Paul had installed his new multi-track recorder. The session was arranged by Paul's old Army pal Bill Morrow, one of Fields' radio writers. It was Fields' last performance."}
{"id": "doc1451837", "text": "Some scenes from the beginning of the film were shot on location in the Providence, Rhode Island, metropolitan area, including shots of the skyline and The Big Blue Bug; scenes from the beginning of their road trip were shot in locations in Cumberland, Rhode Island.[14][better\u00a0source\u00a0needed]"}
{"id": "doc1452587", "text": "Animation of the rotation of Eros"}
{"id": "doc1452752", "text": "The Roman Catholic church celebrates three days of Allhallowtide from 31 October to 1 November, marking All Saints' Eve All Saints' Day and the second of November as All Souls' Day. The Mexican holiday celebrated at Hallowtide is called Dia de Los Muertos or Day of the Dead - prior to the Spanish colonisation and the conversion of local people to Christianity, this festival was celebrated in the summer time.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1454405", "text": "This is a list of The Bill episodes."}
{"id": "doc1454442", "text": "Chemistry remains the strongest subject in the country with the International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences playing the lead role with the largest postgraduate research program in the country having about 600 students enrolled for PhD.[6].[7]Physics (theoretical, nuclear, particle, laser, and quantum physics), material science, metallurgy (engineering), biology, and mathematics, are some of the other fields in which Pakistani scientists have contributed. From the 1960s and onwards, the Pakistani government made the development and advancement of science a national priority and showered top scientists with honours. While the government has made efforts to make science a part of national development, there have been criticisms of federal policies, such as the government's dissolution of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC)\u2014 an administrative body that supervised research in science \u2014 in 2011. This attempted dissolution failed to materialise because of a Supreme Court of Pakistan decision on a petition filed by Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman, former Federal Minister of Science & technology and former founding Chairman of the Higher Education Commission.[8] Pakistani scientists have also won acclaim in mathematics and in several branches of physical science, notably theoretical and nuclear physics, chemistry, and astronomy. Professor Abdus Salam, a theoretical physicist won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979, being the first and only Pakistani to date to have received the honor. Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman an organic chemist was elected as Fellow of Royal Society (London) in 2006 in recognition of his contributions in the field of natural products thereby becoming the first scientist from the Islamic world to receive this honour for work carried out within an Islamic country.[9]. The contributions of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman to uplift science and higher education in Pakistan were internationally acknowledged and a tribute paid to him in the world's leading science journal Nature that termed him as \"a force of nature\"[10]."}
{"id": "doc1455255", "text": "The executive magistrates of the Roman Kingdom were elected officials of the ancient Roman Kingdom. During the period of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman King was the principal executive magistrate.[1] He was the chief executive, chief priest, chief lawgiver, chief judge, and the sole commander-in-chief of the army.[1][2] His powers rested on law and legal precedent, and he could only receive these powers through the political process of an election. In practice, he had no real restrictions on his power. When war broke out, he had the sole power to organize and levy troops, to select leaders for the army, and to conduct the campaign as he saw fit.[2] He controlled all property held by the state, had the sole power to divide land and war spoils, was the chief representative of the city during dealings with either the Gods or leaders of other communities, and could unilaterally decree any new law.[2] Sometimes he submitted his decrees to either the popular assembly or to the senate for a ceremonial ratification, but a rejection did not prevent the enactment of a decree. The king chose several officers to assist him,[9] and unilaterally granted them their powers. When the king left the city, an Urban Prefect presided over the city in place of the absent king.[9] The king also had two Quaestors as general assistants, while several other officers assisted the king during treason cases. In war, the king occasionally commanded only the infantry, and delegated command over the cavalry to the commander of his personal bodyguards, the Tribune of the Celeres.[9] The king sometimes deferred to precedent, often simply out of practical necessity. While the king could unilaterally declare war, for example, he typically wanted to have such declarations ratified by the popular assembly.[9][10]"}
{"id": "doc1455444", "text": "The player has a larger selection of body types for Sims as muscle and body weight sliders have been introduced. However, toddlers do not have the option to have their weight customized. The Late Night expansion pack also added sliders for breast size and muscle definition that are also included in the base game. Expanded skin tone options have also been added. Each skin tone can be further customized with a light to dark slider. The player is able to pick their Sim's shoes, a feature previously limited to console versions of The Sims and The Sims 2."}
{"id": "doc1455462", "text": "Copies of the video game Spore also came packaged with fliers advertising the game, with information stating whole-neighborhood accessibility and endless possibilities on character creation. On October 31, 2008, two teaser trailers were released by Electronic Arts featuring a comical view on the 2008 presidential election in the United States. Candidates John McCain and Barack Obama were included along with respective running mates Sarah Palin and Joe Biden. In the eighth expansion pack of The Sims 2, The Sims 2: Apartment Life, new objects were added including logo posters and framed screenshots. The game was shipped with a code and an Internet address, where the player could download clothing with The Sims 3 logo on it. Another developer walk through was released on November 6, 2008, featuring in-depth previews of the neighborhood and Create-A-Sim."}
{"id": "doc1455469", "text": "Some of EA's other PC titles from the same time period, such as Spore and Dead Space, used a SecuROM copy restriction scheme that requires online and offline authentication and limits the number of times a user can install the game to five. While it was speculated that The Sims 3 would use the same system, on March 26, 2009, executive producer Rod Humble revealed that The Sims 3 uses traditional disk-based copy protection as Sims 2 did and does not require online authentication to install. A product key is also required. However, SecuROM based restriction is still present within the digital version of the title, limiting users to a total of 5 authorizations for 5 different machines via online activation, each of which can be de-authorized online at any time. A legitimate serial key is required to download custom objects and Sims from the official website. This includes custom designs created by other Sims 3 players as well as additional content from EA."}
{"id": "doc1455508", "text": "EA reported that in its first week, The Sims 3 sold 1.4 million copies. According to EA, this was the most successful PC game launch the company had ever had to date.[70] According to retail data trackers Gfk Australia The Sims 3 has been the top selling game in Australia from release until June 30, 2009.[71] Response from critics and gamers alike were generally favorable, with Metacritic calculating a metascore of 86/100 based on 75 reviews.[11] PC Gamer awarded The Sims 3 a 92% and an Editor's Choice badge, calling it \"The best Sims game yet\".[72] IGN PC awarded The Sims 3 an 8.9/10, stating:"}
{"id": "doc1455509", "text": "This is simply a better playing Sims experience, and once you experience the freedom to hit the town without hitting a load screen you'll be hard-pressed to go back to any of the earlier games. Blowing up the size of the game was certainly a risk, but it was a sensible and overdue one, and kudos to EA for recognizing that the decade-old formula needed some growth. And while there's still plenty of room for more innovation, we'll settle for The Sims 3 for now. It delivers a solid foundation for what should be many more years of Sims sales dominance."}
{"id": "doc1455511", "text": "The game was ranked #91 in IGN's \"Top 100 Modern Games\".[73] In a special edition of Edge magazine, listing their 100 top videogames of all-time, The Sims 3 was number 89 on the list.[74]"}
{"id": "doc1455775", "text": "The show was set in Chicago, Illinois, and centered on the antics of two mischievous teenagers, Kenan Rockmore (Kenan Thompson) and Kel Kimble (Kel Mitchell). Kenan is a high school student with a job at a local grocery store, while Kel is his clumsy, orange soda-loving best friend."}
{"id": "doc1455952", "text": "Pakistan was the country with the second largest fleet of NGV with a total of 2.85 million by the end of 2011.[80] Most of the public transportation fleet has been converted to CNG.[81] Also, in Pakistan and India,[82][83] there have been on-going (last several years now) series of CNG fuel shortages which periodically waxes and wanes, getting the fuel into a tank can be a major problem. In July 2011, petrol usage shot up 15% from the month before due to shortages.[84] Pakistan also has reported that over 2,000 people have died in 2011 from CNG cylinder blasts, because of low quality of cylinders there.[85] In 2012, the Pakistani government took the decision to gradually phase out CNG sector altogether beginning by banning any new conversions to CNG and banning the manufacturing of new NGV's. In addition the government plans to close down all refueling stations in the next 3 years.[86][87]"}
{"id": "doc1456780", "text": "The delegates representing a majority of Americans might have carried the day, but at the Constitutional Convention, each state had an equal vote, and any issue could be brought up again if a state desired it. The state delegations originally voted 6\u20135 for proportional representation, but small states without claims of western lands reopened the issue and eventually turned the tide towards equality. On the final vote, the five states in favor of equal apportionment in the Senate\u2014Connecticut, North Carolina, Maryland, New Jersey, and Delaware\u2014only represented one-third of the nation's population. The four states that voted against it\u2014Virginia, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Georgia\u2014represented almost twice as many people than the proponents. Convention delegate James Wilson wrote \"Our Constituents, had they voted as their representatives did, would have stood as 2/3 against equality, and 1/3 only in favor of it\".[4] One reason the large states accepted the Connecticut Compromise was a fear that the small states would either refuse to join the Union, or, as Gunning Bedford, Jr. of Delaware threatened, \"the small ones w[ould] find some foreign ally of more honor and good faith, who will take them by the hand and do them justice\".[5]"}
{"id": "doc1456784", "text": "Since 1789, differences in population between states have become more pronounced. At the time of the Connecticut Compromise, the largest state, Virginia, had only twelve times the population of the smallest state, Delaware. Today,[when?] the largest state, California, has a population that is seventy times greater than the population of the smallest state, Wyoming. In 1790, it would take a theoretical 30% of the population to elect a majority of the Senate, today it would take 17%. Today, there are seven states with only one congressman (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming); never in the past has there been as high a proportion of one-congressmen states."}
{"id": "doc1458090", "text": "Dave Garver is a KRML radio disc jockey who broadcasts nightly from a studio in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, often incorporating poetry into his program. At his favorite bar, seemingly by chance, he encounters a woman named Evelyn Draper. Dave drives her home, where she reveals that their meeting was not accidental; she sought him out after hearing the bar mentioned on his radio show. He guesses correctly that she is the recurring caller who always requests the jazz standard \"Misty\". The two have sex."}
{"id": "doc1458400", "text": "The Woody of Knock Knock was designed by animator Alex Lovy. Woody's original voice actor, Mel Blanc, stopped performing the character after the first two cartoons to work exclusively for Leon Schlesinger Productions (Later renamed Warner Bros. Cartoons), producer of Warner Bros.' Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies. At Leon Schlesinger's, Blanc had already established the voices of two other famous \"screwball\" characters who preceded Woody, Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny. Ironically, Blanc's characterization of the Woody Woodpecker laugh had originally been applied to Happy Rabbit, a Bugs Bunny predecessor (which was Bugs Bunny originally, but different) in shorts such as the aforementioned Elmer's Candid Camera and was later transferred to Woody. Blanc's regular speaking voice for Woody was much like the early Daffy Duck, minus the lisp. Once Warner Bros. signed Blanc to an exclusive contract, Woody's voice-over work was taken over by Danny Webb, followed by Kent Rogers.  Ben Hardaway later became Woody's voice after Rogers was killed in a plane crash during World War II, and would voice the woodpecker for the rest of the decade. Despite this, Blanc continued to voice Woody on a Mutual Network radio show[7] and in recordings for Capitol Records from 1948 until 1955,[8] while his laugh would continue to be used in the shorts until 1951."}
{"id": "doc1458417", "text": "The Woody Woodpecker Show was named the 88th best animated series by IGN.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1458523", "text": "The pilot episode was filmed on the same set used by the Seavers in the sitcom Growing Pains.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1458998", "text": "(g) The Alaska State House currently operates under a coalition of Democrats, Republicans and independents."}
{"id": "doc1460471", "text": "Nave Nave Fenua (Delightful Land), woodcut in Noa Noa series, 1894, Art Gallery of Ontario"}
{"id": "doc1461880", "text": "Meanwhile, Anna and Elsa discover some forgotten items in their attic where they find things from their past. Sven returns to Kristoff and informs him (in vain), Anna, and Elsa of Olaf's plight. They gather the residents of Arendelle to go look for Olaf. Elsewhere, Olaf manages to escape the wolves, but loses the fruit cake to a hawk and gives up by a tree not too far from the kingdom. Anna and Elsa find him and cheer him up by revealing that they do have a tradition: After Elsa had shut herself away for years, Anna began annually sliding cards and dolls of their snowman, Olaf, under her door. As they all celebrate the holidays, the hawk drops the fruit cake on Olaf. Upon getting the fruit cake back, Olaf declares it \"A Christmas miracle!\""}
{"id": "doc1464195", "text": "After the dropships crash, Clarke, Bellamy, and Wells lead a rescue party to the crash site, allowing Clarke and Wells to reunite with Glass and Luke. Clarke ponders leaving the camp to search for her parents. The Chancellor, still in coma, remains trapped in the Colony above Earth. Vice Chancellor Rhodes takes control over the community on Earth, planning to force Luke to execute Bellamy, as a warning to anyone attempting to challenge him."}
{"id": "doc1464212", "text": "During October and November 1965, the Beatles recorded three versions of the song. The original version recorded on 24 October was slower than the released version, had a significantly different rhythm, and lacked the \"Why, tell me why \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6\" middle eight of the final version.[3][4] It was eventually released in 1996 on the Anthology 2 compilation.[5] The final version was recorded on 10 November with overdubs on 11 November and is the version included on Rubber Soul.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1464453", "text": "Wilson is an English and Scottish surname, common in the English-speaking world. The name is derived from a patronymic form of Will, a popular medieval name. The medieval Will is derived from any of several names containing the first Germanic element wil, meaning \"desire\".[1] Possibly the most common of these names was William, derived from elements wil and helm, meaning \"desire\" and \"helmet\", \"protection\".[2] The surname Wilson is first recorded in England as Willeson in 1324\u00ef\u00bc\u0152[3] and in Scotland as Wulson in 1405.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1467762", "text": "Since Fall 2008, the university has held an annual Sustainability Week, which featured speakers, feasts of local foods, and environmentally themed documentaries. The campus is also home to an environmental sustainability house, The Green House, and residence halls have environmental sustainability representatives. In 2007, the university became a signatory to the President's Climate Commitment. As of 2011, the university received a \"B\" on the College Sustainability Report Card.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1470615", "text": "Olaf the Snowman is a fictional character from the 2013 animated film Frozen, produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. Olaf is first presented in the storyline as an inanimate snowman created by Elsa and Anna in their childhood. He then reappears as an animate character in the film as Ana searchers for her runaway sister in hopes of restoring summer. Olaf had reappeared when Elsa accidentally turned the entire kingdom into a wintery abyss. Olaf helps Ana and Kristoff find Elsa and journeys with them all the way back to the kingdom where he remains part of the sisters life."}
{"id": "doc1470809", "text": "Now with the two typedefs being used the complexity of the function signature is drastically reduced."}
{"id": "doc1471934", "text": "\"Something There\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film Beauty and the Beast (1991). Sung by the majority of the film's main cast, the song was recorded by American actors Paige O'Hara as Belle and Robby Benson as the Beast via voice over, featuring actors Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and David Ogden Stiers as Lumiere, Mrs. Potts and Cogsworth, respectively. The only song performed by the Beast, \"Something There\" is heard midway through Beauty and the Beast during a scene in which Belle and the Beast finally begin to acknowledge their feelings for each other."}
{"id": "doc1471942", "text": "In the song's first verse, \"Belle articulates how her attraction to [the Beast] stems from his shut-off demeanor,\" singing, \"There's something sweet/And almost kind/But he was mean/And he was coarse and unrefined/But now he's dear/And so unsure/I wonder why I didn't see it there before.\"[36][23] The Beast's verse reads, \"when we touched she didn't shudder at my paw.\"[37] According to Laurence E. MacDonald, author of the book The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History, Benson \"shocked many filmgoers with his richly resonant baritone.\"[35] Finally, Belle sings the song's bridge, which reads, \"New and a bit alarming/Who'd have ever thought that this could be?/True, that he's no Prince Charming/But there's something in him that I simply didn't see.\" According to the Los Angeles Times, by the end of \"Something There\", \"the audience understands what Belle and Beast feel and how disconcerting those emotions seem.\"[29]"}
{"id": "doc1473199", "text": "\"Words\""}
{"id": "doc1473531", "text": "Non-deductive logic is reasoning using arguments in which the premises support the conclusion but do not entail it. Forms of non-deductive logic include the statistical syllogism, which argues from generalizations true for the most part, and induction, a form of reasoning that makes generalizations based on individual instances. An inductive argument is said to be cogent if and only if the truth of the argument's premises would render the truth of the conclusion probable (i.e., the argument is strong), and the argument's premises are, in fact, true. Cogency can be considered inductive logic's analogue to deductive logic's \"soundness.\" Despite its name, mathematical induction is not a form of inductive reasoning. The lack of deductive validity is known as the problem of induction."}
{"id": "doc1473550", "text": "The 2017 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2016\u201317 season and conclusion of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors defeated the defending NBA champion and Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers 4 games to 1. This Finals was the first time in NBA history the same two teams had met for a third consecutive year. The Cavaliers sought to repeat as champions after winning the championship in 2016, while the Warriors won the first meeting in 2015. Golden State earned home court advantage with a 2016\u201317 regular season record of 67\u201315, while Cleveland finished the regular season with a 51\u201331 record. The Warriors entered the 2017 Finals after becoming the first team in NBA playoff history to start 12\u20130, while the Cavaliers entered the 2017 Finals with a 12\u20131 record during the first three rounds of the postseason. The Warriors' 15\u20130 start in the playoffs is the most consecutive postseason wins in NBA history and their 16\u20131 record is the best winning percentage (.941) in NBA Playoff history.[2][3]"}
{"id": "doc1474755", "text": "Minutes (\u2032) and seconds (\u2033) of arc are also used in cartography and navigation. At sea level one minute of arc along the equator or a meridian (indeed, any great circle) equals exactly one geographical mile along the Earth's equator or approximately one nautical mile (1852 meters, or \u22481.15078 statute miles).[7] A second of arc, one sixtieth of this amount, is roughly 30 meters or 100 feet. The exact distance varies along meridian arcs because the figure of the Earth is slightly oblate (bulges a third of a percent at the equator)."}
{"id": "doc1474756", "text": "Positions are traditionally given using degrees, minutes, and seconds of arcs for latitude, the arc north or south of the equator, and for longitude, the arc east or west of the Prime Meridian. Any position on or above the Earth's reference ellipsoid can be precisely given with this method. However, when it is inconvenient to use base-60 for minutes and seconds, positions are frequently expressed as decimal fractional degrees to an equal amount of precision. Degrees given to three decimal places (1/7003100000000000000\u26601000 of a degree) have about 1/4 the precision of degrees-minutes-seconds (1/7003360000000000000\u26603600 of a degree) and specify locations within about 120 meters or 400 feet."}
{"id": "doc1475938", "text": "Alpha and Beta may be heard on the title track of her 1986 album Beauty in the Beast."}
{"id": "doc1475979", "text": "The film premiered on January 19, 2018 as part of the U.S. Dramatic Competition section of the 2018 Sundance Film Festival.[1] It is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 13, 2018.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1477591", "text": "U.S. Executive Branch offficials"}
{"id": "doc1478919", "text": "In 1873, Colt introduced the famous Model 1873, also known as the Single Action Army, the \"Colt .45\" (not to be confused with Colt made models of the M1911 semi-automatic) or simply, \"the Peacemaker\", one of the most famous handguns ever made.[10] This popular design, which was a culmination of many of the advances introduced in earlier weapons, fired 6 metallic cartridges and was offered in over 30 different calibers and various barrel lengths. It is still in production, along with numerous clones and lookalikes, and its overall appearance has remained the same since 1873. Although originally made for the United States Army, the Model 1873 was widely distributed and popular with civilians, ranchers, lawmen, and outlaws alike. Its design has influenced countless other revolvers. Colt has discontinued its production twice, but brought it back due to popular demand and continues to make it to this day."}
{"id": "doc1478921", "text": "In 1889, Colt introduced the Model 1889, the first truly modern double action revolver, which differed from earlier double action revolvers by having a \"swing-out\" cylinder, as opposed to a \"top-break\" or \"side-loading\" cylinder. Swing out cylinders quickly caught on, because they combined the best features of earlier designs. Top-break actions gave the ability to eject all empty shells simultaneously, and exposed all chambers for easy reloading, but having the frame hinged into two halves weakened the gun and negatively affected accuracy, due to lack of rigidity. \"Side-loaders\", like the earlier Colt Model 1871 and 1873, gave a rigid frame, but required the user to eject and load one cylinder at a time, as they rotated the cylinder to line each chamber up with the side-mounted loading gate.[11] Smith & Wesson followed 7 years later with the ''Hand Ejector, Model 1896'' in .32 S&W Long caliber, followed by the very similar, yet improved, Model 1899 (later known as the Model 10), which introduced the new .38 Special cartridge. The Model 10 went on to become the best selling handgun of the 20th century, at 6,000,000 units, and the .38 Special is still the most popular chambering for revolvers in the world. These new guns were an improvement over the Colt 1889 design since they incorporated a combined center-pin and ejector rod to lock the cylinder in position. The 1889 did not use a center pin and the cylinder was prone to move out of alignment.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1478939", "text": "In many of the first generation of cartridge revolvers (especially those that were converted after manufacture), the base pin on which the cylinder revolved was removed, and the cylinder taken from the revolver for loading. Most revolvers using this method of loading are single-action revolvers, although Iver Johnson produced double-action models with removable cylinders. The removable-cylinder design is employed in some modern \"micro-revolvers\" (usually in .22 caliber), in order to simplify their design. These weapons are small enough to fit in the palm of the hand.[29]"}
{"id": "doc1480430", "text": "With Chuck MIA since his father's funeral, Jack (guest star Desmond Harrington) arrives on the Upper East Side to help Chuck pick up the messy pieces, but first he has to find him. Trying her best to forget her last painful exchange with Chuck, Blair focuses her attention on being accepted into the most prestigious ladies club in the city, Colony Club. Jenny returns to Constance Billard and immediately takes on Penelope and her posse of mean girls, but no one is going down without a valiant Gossip Girl-worthy fight. Meanwhile, after Serena tells Dan about her recent break-up, they decide to get back together."}
{"id": "doc1480727", "text": "Manchester City was the defending champions,[5] but it was eliminated by Manchester United in the fourth round.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1480780", "text": "Bosom Buddies is an American sitcom starring Tom Hanks and Peter Scolari created by Robert L. Boyett, Thomas L. Miller and Chris Thompson (Miller/Milkis/Boyett Productions). It aired for two seasons on ABC from November 27, 1980, to March 27, 1982, and in reruns in the summer of 1984 on NBC. The show features the misadventures of two single men, working in creative advertising, struggling in their industry while disguising themselves as women in order to live in the one apartment they could afford. Gender stereotypes and male/female interpersonal relationships were frequent themes."}
{"id": "doc1482058", "text": "The Altar of the Nativity, beneath which is the star marking the spot where tradition says the Virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus."}
{"id": "doc1483894", "text": "For some RNA viruses, the infecting RNA produces messenger RNA (mRNA). This is translation of the genome into protein produces. For others with negative stranded RNA and DNA, viruses are produced by transcription then translation."}
{"id": "doc1485638", "text": "The name comes from the 1585 expedition of Sir Richard Grenville. Sailing to Roanoke Island, his ship became embayed behind the cape. Some of the crew were afraid they would wreck, giving rise to the name Cape Fear.[1] It is the fifth-oldest surviving English place name in the U.S.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1486450", "text": "Being the largest city between Flagstaff and Albuquerque, Gallup claims many notable buildings, places, events and people.[11] The historic El Rancho Hotel & Motel has hosted a numerous array of movie stars including John Wayne, Ronald Reagan, Humphrey Bogart, Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, Joan Crawford, Kirk Douglas, Doris Day, Gregory Peck, and Burt Lancaster. The rugged terrain surrounding Gallup was popular with Hollywood filmmakers during the 1940s and 50s for the on-location shooting of Westerns. Actors and film crews would stay at that hotel during filming. Films made in Gallup include Billy the Kid (1930), Pursued (1947), The Sea of Grass (1947), Four Faces West (1948), Only the Valiant (1951), Ace in the Hole (1951), Escape from Fort Bravo (1953), A Distant Trumpet (1964), and The Hallelujah Trail (1965). Other movies shot here are Redskin (1928) and Superman (1980).[12]"}
{"id": "doc1486663", "text": "Sherman served as a delegate to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, which produced the United States Constitution. After Benjamin Franklin, he was the second oldest delegate present at the convention. Along with James Wilson, he proposed the Three-Fifths Compromise, which counted three-fifths of the slave population for the purposes of representation in the United States House of Representatives and the Electoral College. He favored granting the federal government power to raise revenue and regulate commerce, but initially opposed efforts to supplant the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution. He ultimately came to support the establishment of a new constitution, and proposed the Connecticut Compromise, which won the approval of both the larger states and the smaller states.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1487701", "text": "Ryan is an English-language given name of Irish origin. It is primarily a male name. It comes from the Irish surname Ryan.[2] See Ryan (surname) for more information about the origins of the name."}
{"id": "doc1487821", "text": "On the Comedy Central special with Natasha Leggero 'Diamond Pussy' (2015), she lampoons country music and specifically \"Watching You\"'s lyric: \"Knowing that he couldn't have the toy 'til his nuggets were gone.\"[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1487858", "text": "Cysteine is a very important molecule for a bacterium\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s survival. This amino acid harbors a sulfur atom and can actively participate in disulfide bond formation. The genes required for the synthesis of cysteine are coded for on the cys regulon. The integration of sulfur into the molecule is positively regulated by CysB. CysB is the main focus of cysteine regulation. Effective inducers of this regulon are N-acetyl-serine (NAS) and very small amounts of reduced sulfur. CysB functions by binding to DNA half sites on the cys regulon. These half sites differ in quantity and arrangement depending on the promoter of interest. There is however one half site that is conserved. It lies just upstream of the -35 site of the promoter. There are also multiple accessory sites depending on the promoter. In the absence of the inducer, NAS, CysB will bind the DNA and cover many of the accessory half sites. Without the accessory half sites the regulon cannot be transcribed and cysteine will not be produced. It is believed that the presence of NAS causes CysB to undergo a conformational change. This conformational change allows CysB to bind properly to all the half sites and causes the recruitment of the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase will then transcribe the cys regulon and cysteine will be produced."}
{"id": "doc1489112", "text": "Historians have studied documents such as the Domesday Book, compiled by William I of England, in search of the first record of the Jack surname, and found it to be of Norman origin, first appearing in Yorkshire where they held a family seat as Lords of the Manor of Nether Silton in the North Riding of the region. At the time of the Doomsday Book in 1086, Nether Silton was recorded as a village with a hall and the tenant-in-chief was the Count of Mortain.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1489505", "text": "The Diary of a Teenage Girl is a 2015 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Marielle Heller, based on the graphic novel The Diary of a Teenage Girl: An Account in Words and Pictures by Phoebe Gloeckner. The film stars Bel Powley as a 15-year-old girl who becomes sexually active by starting a relationship with her mother's boyfriend. It also stars Kristen Wiig, Alexander Skarsg\u00e5rd, Christopher Meloni, Quinn Nagle, and Austin Lyon. It premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and had a limited release on August 7, 2015 by Sony Pictures Classics.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1489545", "text": "Pakistan[b] (Urdu: \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0650\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u202c\u200e), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\n\u062c\u0645\u06c1\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0650\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u202c\u200e), is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people.[19] In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman."}
{"id": "doc1489575", "text": "After the assassination of Benazir Bhutto in 2007, the PPP secured the most votes in the elections of 2008, appointing party member Yousaf Raza Gillani as Prime Minister.[163] Threatened with impeachment, President Musharraf resigned on 18 August 2008, and was succeeded by Asif Ali Zardari.[164][165][166] Clashes with the judicature prompted Gillani's disqualification from the Parliament and as the Prime Minister in June 2012.[167] By its own financial calculations, Pakistan's involvement in the war on terrorism has cost up to ~$118\u00a0billion,[168] sixty thousand casualties and more than 1.8\u00a0million displaced civilians.[169] The general election held in 2013 saw the PML(N) almost achieve a supermajority, following which Nawaz Sharif was elected as the Prime Minister, returning to the post for the third time in fourteen years, in a democratic transition.[170]"}
{"id": "doc1489607", "text": "A federal parliamentary republic state, Pakistan is a federation that comprises four provinces: Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, and Balochistan[285] and three  territories: Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit\u2013Baltistan, and Azad Kashmir. The Government of Pakistan exercises the de facto jurisdiction over the Frontier Regions and the western parts of the Kashmir Regions, which are organised into the separate political entities Azad Kashmir and Gilgit\u2013Baltistan (formerly Northern Areas). In 2009, the constitutional assignment (the Gilgit\u2013Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order) awarded the Gilgit\u2013Baltistan a semi-provincial status, giving it self-government.[286]"}
{"id": "doc1489658", "text": "At the time of the establishment of Pakistan as a state, the country had only one university, Punjab University in Lahore.[470] Very soon the Pakistan government established public universities in each of the four provinces, including Sindh University (1949), Peshawar University (1950), Karachi University (1953), and Balochistan University (1970). Pakistan has a large network of both public and private universities, which includes collaboration between the universities aimed at providing research and higher education opportunities in the country, although there is concern about the low quality of teaching in many of the newer schools.[471] It is estimated that there are 3,193 technical and vocational institutions in Pakistan,[472] and there are also madrassahs that provide free Islamic education and offer free board and lodging to students, who come mainly from the poorer strata of society.[473] Strong public pressure and popular criticism over extremists' usage of madrassahs for recruitment, the Pakistan government has made repeated efforts to regulate and monitor the quality of education in the madrassahs.[474][475]"}
{"id": "doc1489688", "text": "The national poet of Pakistan, Muhammad Iqbal, wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian. He was a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation and encouraged Muslims all over the world to bring about a successful revolution.[clarification needed][593][594][595] Well-known figures in contemporary Pakistani Urdu literature include Josh Malihabadi Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Saadat Hasan Manto. Sadequain and Gulgee are known for their calligraphy and paintings.[591] The Sufi poets Shah Abdul Latif, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, and Khawaja Farid enjoy considerable popularity in Pakistan.[596] Mirza Kalich Beg has been termed the father of modern Sindhi prose.[597] Historically, philosophical development in the country was dominated by Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Syed, Muhammad Asad, Maududi, and Mohammad Ali Johar.[598]"}
{"id": "doc1490186", "text": "On January 4, 2012, Obama announced recess appointments to three seats on the board: Sharon Block, Terence F. Flynn, and Richard Griffin.[113] The appointments were criticized by Republicans, including the House Speaker John Boehner, as unconstitutional and \"a brazen attempt to undercut the role of the Senate to advise and consent the executive branch on appointments\".[114] Although made as recess appointments, critics questioned their legality, arguing that Congress had not officially been in recess as pro forma sessions had been held.[115] Former U.S. attorney general Edwin Meese stated that in his opinion, since the appointments were made when the Senate was \"demonstrably not in recess\" they represented \"a constitutional abuse of a high order\".[116] On January 12, 2012 the U.S. Justice Department released a memo stating that appointments made during pro forma sessions are supported by the Constitution and precedent.[117]"}
{"id": "doc1490491", "text": "At Judge Clayton's, Keith is shocked and embarrassed over what he did though his father tells Keith it will all blow over before the election. Keith walks out into a gathering storm, leaving his badge behind, and goes to Beth to plead for a reconciliation. When Beth gently but firmly refuses, Keith threatens to take Ben away. Ben overhears this and runs out into the storm, followed by Keith and Beth, just as Logan arrives. Ellie urges Logan to follow. Ben is en route to the tree house, but the rope bridge gives way and he falls into the river along with his father, just as Beth and Logan arrive. Keith, caught in the rope of the bridge, calls to Logan who grabs Ben and hands him to Beth. Before Logan can return for Keith, the tree house falls on Keith and he is swept away in the raging river to his death."}
{"id": "doc1490502", "text": "People of the country, it's your turn\nTo let yourselves talk about love\nPeople of the country, it's your turn\nTo let yourselves be lovingly spoken to"}
{"id": "doc1490516", "text": "Kripke was developing the concept for ten years before it was greenlit as a television series. Before it could be filmed, the script underwent numerous revisions. The episode was produced in Los Angeles, though future episodes were filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, to save money. The episode established the series' tradition of a rock-music soundtrack, and included background music scored by Kripke's friend Christopher Lennertz. It received mixed reviews, with critics praising the horror elements but having varying opinions of the lead actors' performances."}
{"id": "doc1491857", "text": "The agreement, which runs through 2032 (extended from 2024 in 2016),[6] stipulates that all games are available nationally. All First Four games air on truTV. During the first and second rounds, a featured game in each time \"window\" is broadcast terrestrially on CBS, while all other games are shown on TBS, TNT or TruTV. Sweet 16 (regional semifinal) and Elite 8 (regional finals) games are split among CBS and TBS. In 2014 and 2015, Turner channels had exclusive rights to the Final Four (with standard coverage airing on TBS), and CBS broadcast the championship game. Since 2016, rights to the Final Four and championship game alternate between Turner and CBS; the 2016 tournament marked the first time that the national championship game was not broadcast on over-the-air television.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1491868", "text": "While most of the coverage is simulcast from the main U.S. feeds, coverage of the Final Four and national championship game uses a separate world feed produced by the ESPN College Basketball staff; in 2013, the Final Four broadcasts on ESPN International were called by ESPN's lead commentators Dan Shulman and Dick Vitale (alternatively joined by Brad Nessler for the second semi-final game).[38]"}
{"id": "doc1492317", "text": "Until recently, Walt Disney Feature Animation operated a studio in Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort. Feature Animation-Florida was primarily responsible for the films Mulan, Lilo & Stitch, and the early stages of Brother Bear and contributed on various other projects. Universal Studios Florida's Soundstage 21 is home to TNA Wrestling's flagship show TNA Impact!. Nickelodeon Studios, which through the 1990s produced hundreds of hours of GAK-filled game shows targeted at children,[citation needed] no longer operates out of Universal Studios Florida. The Florida Film Festival which takes place in venues throughout the area is one of the most respected regional film festivals in the country and attracts budding filmmakers from around the world. Orlando is very popular among independent filmmakers. Orlando's indie film scene has been active since Haxan Film's The Blair Witch Project (1999) and a few years later with Charlize Theron winning her Academy Award for Monster (2003). A Florida state film incentive has also helped increase the number of films being produced in Orlando and the rest of the state."}
{"id": "doc1492453", "text": "The Second Council of Ephesus was held in 449 but was later repudiated by the Council of Chalcedon and labeled a \"robber council.\""}
{"id": "doc1493586", "text": "In Australia, Coulls v. Bagot\u2019s Executor and Trustee Co Ltd (1967) 119 CLR 460 shows the approach has been similar. Here the contract was between a husband (Mr Coulls) and a company (Bagot's). Mrs Coulls was not a party to it. Even if she was, she would not be able to enforce it, as she gave no consideration. Bagots was entitled to the benefit of this contract as executor of Mr Coull's Estate."}
{"id": "doc1497378", "text": "In Norse mythology, the goddess I\u00f0unn was the appointed keeper of golden apples that kept the \u00c6sir young (or immortal) forever. I\u00f0unn was abducted by \u00dejazi the giant, who used Loki to lure I\u00f0unn and her apples out of \u00c1sgar\u00f0r. The \u00c6sir began to age without I\u00f0unn's apples, so they coerced Loki into rescuing her. After borrowing Freyja's falcon skin, Loki liberated I\u00f0unn from \u00dejazi by transforming her into a nut for the flight back. \u00dejazi gave chase in the form of an eagle, whereupon reaching \u00c1sgar\u00f0r he was set aflame by a bonfire lit by the \u00c6sir. With the return of I\u00f0unn's apples, the \u00c6sir regained their lost youth. Apple trees were the symbol of rebirth and beauty; the apple tree was sacred in Norse mythology."}
{"id": "doc1497539", "text": "The scenes where Hank Hanson (Ethan Hawke) stops at a gas station to change in the restroom and uses a payphone to call Andy (Hoffman) were filmed on South Broadway in Yonkers, New York."}
{"id": "doc1497917", "text": "At the beginning of the war, the armoured divisions were filled with L3 tankettes and, as a result, were incapable of providing the armoured spearhead that the German tank (panzer) formations could. Initially, a total of about 100 \"medium\" M11 tanks were available. But, while these vehicles were an improvement over the L3s, they were still more like \"light\" tanks. In addition, they were poorly designed (main armament in a \"fixed\" position), far too few, too under-gunned, too thinly armoured, too slow, and too unreliable to make a difference."}
{"id": "doc1498235", "text": "The bicameral parliament consists of the lower house, the House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (literally the \"Chamber of the People\") and the upper house, the Senate or Dewan Negara (literally the \"Chamber of the Nation\").[4][5][5] All seventy Senate members sit for three-year terms (to a maximum of two terms); twenty-six are elected by the thirteen state assemblies, and forty-four are appointed by the king based on the advice of the Prime Minister.[6] The 222 members of the Dewan Rakyat are elected from single-member districts by universal adult suffrage. The parliament follows a multi-party system and the governing body is elected through a first-past-the-post system. Parliament has a maximum mandate of five years by law. The king may dissolve parliament at any time and usually does so upon the advice of the Prime Minister."}
{"id": "doc1498263", "text": "Never Say Die!\n(1978)"}
{"id": "doc1499831", "text": "Officer Joe Coffey (Ed Marinaro, 1981\u00e2\u20ac\u201c86)"}
{"id": "doc1500831", "text": "The standard broadcast television season in the United States consists of 22 episodes (which are typically broadcast over a period of nine months from September to May, depending on the date on which the program begins its season), although prior to the 1970s, a single season of a weekly television program consisted of as many as 40 episodes, with few breaks in the show's airing schedule. Sitcoms may have 24 or more; animated programs may have more (or fewer) episodes (some are broken up into two 11-minute shorts, often with separate self-contained storylines, that are folded into a single half-hour episode); cable networks with original programming seem to have settled on about 10 to 13 episodes per season, much in line with British television programming, though there are exceptions (particularly with cable networks specializing in children's programming, which utilize the network television model of total per-season episode counts, but spread out the episodes over a single calendar year)."}
{"id": "doc1501287", "text": "Universal Pictures intended to begin production on a fourth Jurassic Park film in 2004 for a summer 2005 release, but the film entered over a decade of development hell while the script went through revisions. Following a suggestion from Spielberg, writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver explored the idea of a functional dinosaur park. Once Trevorrow was hired as director in 2013, he followed the same idea while developing a whole new script with Derek Connolly. Principal photography rolled from April to August 2014, primarily in Louisiana while also using the original Jurassic Park filming locations in Hawaii. Again the dinosaurs were created through computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic and life-sized animatronics by Legacy Effects, a company created by the alumni of Jurassic Park veteran Stan Winston."}
{"id": "doc1501331", "text": "Principal photography and production began on April 10, 2014,[178] at Hawaii's Honolulu Zoo,[179] where an elephant paddock was used as Jurassic World's petting zoo.[180] Filming continued for four weeks on O\u02bbahu.[181] Filming in Hawaii was limited to three hours on some days because of torrential rain.[15] The Indominus paddock, measuring 40 feet high, was built at O\u02bbahu's Kualoa Ranch, where the Gyrosphere departure platform was also built; both sets were left standing after production to become tourist attractions.[180] Owen's motorcycle sequence with the raptors was filmed along a dirt road at Kualoa Ranch, with computer-generated jungle foliage added in later during post-production.[182] Pratt crashed his motorcycle during filming, resulting in minor injuries.[15] At the end of April, interior scenes were filmed at the Hawaii Convention Center.[180][183] The film's ending\u2014in which park guests are evacuated to an airplane hangar set up as a shelter\u2014was filmed at the Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor on Ford Island.[180] Filming moved to Kaua\u02bbi on May 15, 2014, and concluded there on June 6, 2014.[181]"}
{"id": "doc1501334", "text": "A majority of the filming in New Orleans took place at Big Easy Studios inside NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility complex in East New Orleans.[187][11][157] Interior scenes, including the visitor's center, control room, and laboratories, were shot at the Michoud facility.[15] Jack Horner helped designed the educational displays in the Jurassic World visitor center.[188] Approximately 200 extras, acting as park guests sitting on bleachers, were doused with large amounts of water as part of a scene depicting the Mosasaurus feeding show,[15] which was shot on an outdoor set at the Michoud facility.[189] The raptor enclosure, a 20-foot-high outdoor structure built out in an octagonal shape, was also constructed at the Michoud facility.[11][188] One jungle scene was shot on a soundstage in Louisiana, while the rest were previously shot in Hawaii.[15] On June 30, 2014, Robinson, Simpkins, and Greer filmed scenes at Louis Armstrong International Airport in New Orleans.[190] In July 2014, fake snow was used for scenes shot in New Orleans that depicted Zach and Gray's house in Wisconsin.[191][192] An evacuation scene was filmed at the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans,[185] while swamp scenes were filmed in Slidell, Louisiana.[193]"}
{"id": "doc1501431", "text": "Bolt-action shotguns, while uncommon, do exist.  One of the best-known examples is a 12-gauge manufactured by Mossberg featuring a 3-round magazine, marketed in Australia just after changes to the gun laws in 1997 heavily restricted the ownership and use of pump-action and semi-automatic shotguns.  They were not a huge success, as they were somewhat slow and awkward to operate, and the rate of fire was noticeably slower (on average) than a double-barrelled gun. The Rifle Factory Ishapore in India also manufactured a single-shot .410 bore shotgun based on the SMLE Mk III* rifle. The Russian Berdana shotgun was effectively a single-shot bolt-action rifle that became obsolete, and was subsequently modified to chamber 16-gauge shotgun shells for civilian sale.  The U.S. military M26 is also a bolt-action weapon. Bolt-action shotguns have also been used in the \"goose gun\" application, intended to kill birds such as geese at greater range.  Typically, goose guns have long barrels (up to 36\u00c2\u00a0inches), and small bolt-fed magazines.  Bolt-action shotguns are also used in conjunction with slug shells for the maximum possible accuracy from a shotgun.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1501433", "text": "Gas, inertia, or recoil operated actions are other popular methods of increasing the rate of fire of a shotgun; these are generally referred to as autoloaders or semi-automatics. Instead of having the action manually operated by a pump or lever, the action automatically cycles each time the shotgun is fired, ejecting the spent shell and reloading a fresh one into the chamber. The first successful semi-automatic shotgun was John Browning's Auto-5, first produced by Fabrique Nationale beginning in 1902. Other well-known examples include the Remington 1100, Benelli M1, and Saiga-12."}
{"id": "doc1501489", "text": "(a) has a barrel not less than 24 inches (610\u00a0mm) in length and does not have any barrel with a bore more than 2 inches (51\u00a0mm) in diameter;"}
{"id": "doc1501497", "text": "Shotguns intended for defensive use have barrels as short as 18 inches (46\u00a0cm) for private use (the minimum shotgun barrel length allowed by law in the United States without federal registration. Barrel lengths of less than 18 inches (46\u00a0cm) as measured from the breechface to the muzzle when the weapon is in battery, or have an overall length of less than 26 inches (66\u00a0cm) are classified as short barreled shotguns (SBS)  under the 1934 National Firearms Act and are regulated. A similar short barreled weapon having a pistol grip may be classified as an AOW or \"Any Other Weapon\". A shotgun is defined as a weapon (with a buttstock) designed to be fired from the shoulder. The classification varies depending on how the weapon was originally manufactured."}
{"id": "doc1504263", "text": "The exercise yard at Wakefield has a mulberry tree, around which female inmates used to exercise. This has been linked to the nursery rhyme \"Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush\" by the erstwhile prison governor, RS Duncan in his book 'Here we go round the mulberry bush': The House of Correction 1595 / HM Prison Wakefield 1995 (published by author 1994). This origin of the song is also propounded on the prison's website. There is no corroborative evidence to support this theory.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1506100", "text": "Day of the Dead is a 2008 American horror film about a virus outbreak that causes people to turn into violent zombie-like creatures. It is a loose remake of George A. Romero's 1985 film of the same name, the third in Romero's Dead series[3] and it is the first of two remakes of the original film, followed by Day of the Dead: Bloodline (2018). The film is directed by Steve Miner and written by Jeffrey Reddick."}
{"id": "doc1506785", "text": "Tomb of Ahmad Shah I Wali."}
{"id": "doc1508087", "text": "Pupil is the dark circular opening in the center of the iris and is where light enters the eye. Based on analogy with a camera, pupil is equivalent to aperture, whereas iris is equivalent to shutter. Pupillary reflex should have been named iris reflex, because iris is the actual muscular structure that responds to light and pupil is merely the passive opening formed by the active iris. Pupillary reflex is synonymous with pupillary response, which may be pupillary constriction or dilation. Pupillary reflex is conceptually linked to the side (left or right) of the reacting pupil, and not to the side from which light stimulation originates. Left pupillary reflex refers to the response of the left pupil to light, regardless of which eye is exposed to a light source. Right pupillary reflex means reaction of the right pupil, whether light is shone into the left eye, right eye, or both eyes. In contrast, the terms direct and consensual refers to the side where the light source comes from, relative to the side of the reacting pupil. A direct pupillary reflex is pupillary response to light that enters the ipsilateral (same) eye. A consensual pupillary reflex is response of a pupil to light that enters the contralateral (opposite) eye. Thus there are four types of pupillary light reflexes, based on this terminology of absolute (left versus right) and relative (same side versus opposite side) laterality:"}
{"id": "doc1508091", "text": "Referring to the neural pathway schematic diagram, the entire pupillary light reflex system can be visualized as having eight neural segments, numbered 1 through 8. Odd-numbered segments 1, 3, 5, and 7 are on the left. Even-numbered segments 2, 4, 6, and 8 are on the right. Segments 3 and 4 are cross-over nerve fibers that occupy essentially the same space in the midbrain. Segments 3, 4, 5, and 6 are all located within a compact region within the midbrain."}
{"id": "doc1508870", "text": "We declare our right on this earth to be a man, to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence by any means necessary."}
{"id": "doc1509190", "text": "Radians can be converted to turns (complete revolutions) by dividing the number of radians by 2\u00cf\u20ac."}
{"id": "doc1509194", "text": "By the definition of radian, a full circle represents:"}
{"id": "doc1510838", "text": "1/3/2015\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1/3/2017: 5 Democrats, 9 Republicans 1/3/2017-12/5/2017: 5 Democrats, 9 Republicans 12/5/2017-present: 4 Democrats, 9 Republicans, 1 Vacant seat"}
{"id": "doc1510857", "text": "Ordained clergy in the Roman Catholic Church are either deacons, priests, or bishops belonging to the diaconate, the presbyterate, or the episcopate, respectively. Among bishops, some are metropolitans, archbishops, or patriarchs. The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the supreme and universal hierarch of the Church, and his authorization is now required for the ordination of all Catholic bishops. With rare exceptions, cardinals are bishops, although it was not always so; formerly, some cardinals were people who had received clerical tonsure, but not Holy Orders. Secular clergy are ministers, such as deacons and priests, who do not belong to a religious institute and live in the world at large, rather than a religious institute (saeculum). The Holy See supports the activity of its clergy by the Congregation for the Clergy ([1]), a dicastery of Roman curia."}
{"id": "doc1512025", "text": "As of March\u00a019, 2018,[update] 168 episodes of Murdoch Mysteries\u00a0have aired, including three specials, concluding the\u00a0eleventh season. The show was renewed for a twelfth season of 18 episodes on March 11, 2018.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1512040", "text": "On April 2, 2013, CBC renewed Murdoch Mysteries for a seventh season, to consist of an extended order of 18 episodes instead of the usual 13. The seventh season had its premiere on September 30, 2013.[36]"}
{"id": "doc1512044", "text": "On March 13, 2017, CBC renewed the show for an eleventh season consisting of 18 episodes and a third two-hour Christmas special.[112][113]"}
{"id": "doc1512174", "text": "Alex lives with his parents in a block of flats in a dystopian England in which his brand of \"ultraviolence\" is common. At the age of 15, he is already a veteran of state reform institutions (In the film, he is somewhat older). While the youngest of his gang, he is the most intelligent, and designates himself as the leader. Another member of the gang, Georgie, resents his high-handedness, and begins plotting against him along with the rest of the gang. One night, the gang breaks into a woman's house, and Alex assaults and kills her by ramming her face with a sculpture of a penis and testicles (in the film: in the book it is a bust of Beethoven). As Alex flees from the house after hearing police sirens, Dim hits him with his chain (a milk bottle in the film) and the gang leaves him to be arrested. Alex is found guilty of murder and sentenced to 14 years in prison."}
{"id": "doc1513570", "text": "The film was released outside of the United States on October 3, 2018, by Netflix.[16]"}
{"id": "doc1515825", "text": "Usage of single or double as primary may vary across English varieties."}
{"id": "doc1516597", "text": "\"Yellow Submarine\" is a 1966 song by the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, with lead vocals by Ringo Starr. It was included on the Revolver (1966) album and issued as a single, coupled with \"Eleanor Rigby\". The single went to number one on every major British chart, remained at number one for four weeks, and charted for 13 weeks. It won an Ivor Novello Award \"for the highest certified sales of any single issued in the UK in 1966\". In the US, the song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and became the most successful Beatles song to feature Starr as lead vocalist."}
{"id": "doc1516605", "text": "The \"Yellow Submarine\" single was the Beatles' 13th single release in the United Kingdom. It was released in the UK on 5 August 1966 as a 'double A side' with \"Eleanor Rigby\", and in the United States on 8 August. In both countries, the album Revolver (which also featured both songs) was released on the same day as the single.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1516619", "text": "Caesar begins his revolution by first taking over Ape Management to build his numbers, proceeding to the command center with the apes killing most of the riot police that attempt to stop them while setting the city on fire. After bursting into Breck's command post and killing most of the personnel, Caesar has Breck marched out to be executed. MacDonald attempts to plea Caesar not to succumb to brutality and be merciful to the former masters. Caesar ignores him and in a rage declares:"}
{"id": "doc1517979", "text": "Similarly, California is also represented in the US Congress by fifty three Congressional Representatives representing the fifty three congressional districts in the state.[1] As in all other states, these congressional districts are reapportioned every ten years following the release of a new census. Due to its status as the most populous state in the union[2], California has the largest number of representatives of any single state in Congress. These Congresswomen and men are elected for two year terms as per the rules of the House of Representatives and currently feature a number of prominent members of the body such as House majority leader Kevin McCarthy, and House minority leader and former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi."}
{"id": "doc1518124", "text": "The vocabularies of the different regions also differ, as certain words mean different things in different regions. For example, the word m\u00e1\u00ba\u00adn refers to two different fruits: it is used for Prunus salicina (a type of plum) in the North, while in the South it refers to Syzygium samarangense (the rose apple). Kinship terms are especially affected, as each term has a subtly different meaning in each region. In the South, the eldest child in a family is referred by the ordinal number 2, while in the North the number 2 refers to the second-eldest child."}
{"id": "doc1519779", "text": "The song samples Strother Martin's speech in the 1967 movie, Cool Hand Luke: \"What we've got here is... failure to communicate. Some men you just can't reach. So you get what we had here last week, which is the way he wants it... well, he gets it. I don't like it any more than you men.\"[11]"}
{"id": "doc1519790", "text": "Principal photography on the film began on December 13, 2016 in Los Angeles, California.[13] Principal photography wrapped in May 2017."}
{"id": "doc1519810", "text": ", scanf is vulnerable to format string attacks. Great care should be taken to ensure that the formatting string includes limitations for string and array sizes. In most cases the input string size from a user is arbitrary; it can not be determined before the scanf function is executed. This means that uses of %s placeholders without length specifiers are inherently insecure and exploitable for buffer overflows. Another potential problem is to allow dynamic formatting strings, for example formatting strings stored in configuration files or other user controlled files. In this case the allowed input length of string sizes can not be specified unless the formatting string is checked beforehand and limitations are enforced. Related to this are additional or mismatched formatting placeholders which do not match the actual vararg list. These placeholders might be partially extracted from the stack, contain undesirable or even insecure pointers depending on the particular implementation of varargs."}
{"id": "doc1520205", "text": "After the Armistice, all tanks in German hands were confiscated. Almost all were eventually scrapped, and the various postwar treaties forbade the former Central Powers from building or possessing tanks."}
{"id": "doc1520211", "text": "German factories and industry was devastated by the end of World War II, but by the 1950s, the nation began to look at designing new tanks. The next tank design started as a collaborative project between Germany and France in the 1950s,[5] but the partnership ended, and the final design was ordered by the Bundeswehr, production of the German Leopard 1 starting in 1965. In total, 6,485 Leopard I tanks were built, of which 4,744 were battle tanks and 1741 were utility and anti-aircraft variants, not including eighty prototypes and pre-series vehicles. The Leopard quickly became a standard of European forces, and eventually served as the main battle tank in Germany. It was superseded by the Leopard 2."}
{"id": "doc1520213", "text": "After British tanks went into action on 15 September 1916, the German Army immediately demanded their own landships. Following the appearance of the first British tanks on the Western Front, the War Ministry formed a committee of experts from leading engineering companies, answerable to the Allgemeines Kriegsdepartement, Abteilung 7, Verkehrswesen (\"General War Department, 7th Branch, Transportation\"),[6] The project to design and build the first German tank was placed under the direction of Joseph Vollmer, a leading German automobile designer and manufacturer. He was chosen to design the World War I German tanks A7V, and the Gro\u00c3\u0178kampfwagen or K-Wagen. The K-Wagen was a German super-heavy tank, two prototypes of which were almost completed by the end of World War I."}
{"id": "doc1520219", "text": "The tank featured such advanced features as a main cannon mounted on top of the tank in a central revolving turret, separate fighting and engine compartments, a rear-mounted engine and a low track run. Neither the ordered test models nor the improved \"Oberschlesien II\" already planned were finished before the end of the war."}
{"id": "doc1520222", "text": "Despite the manpower and technical limitations imposed upon the German Army by the Treaty of Versailles, several Reichswehr officers established a clandestine General Staff to study World War I and develop future strategies and tactics. One such Reichswehr officer, Hans von Seeckt, became Commander-in-Chief. Seeckt took to heart the lessons learned in the Great War and set about in rewriting the foundation of the German Army. Infantry still remained the heart and soul of any planned offensive, but the tank would become the spearhead of actions that could shatter enemy defenses through speed, force and firepower. Tactics involved the splitting up of enemy formations and counteractions involving pincer movements to surround and ultimately decimate the enemy in whole. By 1926, German Army doctrine was all rewritten to fulfill this vision. Although at first the concept of the tank as a mobile weapon of war met with apathy, German industry was silently encouraged to look into tank design, while quiet cooperation was undertaken with the Soviet Union.[9] In late 1920s and early 1930s, Germans closely co-operated with Russians in the development of armored vehicles at Kama, near Kazan in USSR. There was also minor military cooperation with Sweden, including the extraction of technical data that proved invaluable to early German tank design.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1520244", "text": "First encountered on 23 June 1941,[24] the T-34 outclassed the existing Panzer III and IV.[25] At the insistence of General Heinz Guderian, a special Panzerkommision was dispatched to the Eastern Front to assess the T-34.[26] Among the features of the Soviet tank considered most significant were the sloping armor, which gave much improved shot deflection and also increased the effective armor thickness against penetration, the wide track, which improved mobility over soft ground, and the 76.2\u00c2\u00a0mm gun, which had good armor penetration and fired an effective high-explosive round."}
{"id": "doc1520246", "text": "The initial production target was 250 tanks per month at MAN. This was increased to 600 per month in January 1943. Despite determined efforts, this figure was never reached due to disruption by Allied bombing, manufacturing bottlenecks, and other difficulties. Production in 1943 averaged 148 per month. In 1944, it averaged 315 a month (3,777 having been built that year), peaking with 380 in July and ending around the end of March 1945, with at least 6,000 built in total. Front-line combat strength peaked on 1 September 1944 at 2,304 tanks, but that same month a record number of 692 tanks were reported lost.[28]"}
{"id": "doc1520251", "text": "Tiger I heavy tank originally received the designation of Panzerkampfwagen VI H (8.8\u00a0cm) Ausf H1 - Sd.Kfz.182, but then in March 1943, was redesignated to Panzerkampfwagen Tiger (8.8\u00a0cm L/56) Ausf E - Sd.Kfz.181. It was commonly referred to as Tiger, Tiger I and PzKpfw VI. Officially there was only type of Tiger tank produced, but during the duration of production improvements were carried on."}
{"id": "doc1520254", "text": "The alternative to constant changes in tank design was to standardize a few basic designs and mass-produce them even though technology had advanced to new improvements. This was the solution of Germany's principal opponents. The Soviet T-34, for example, was an excellent basic design that survived the war with only one major change in armament, (76.2-mm to 85-mm main gun)."}
{"id": "doc1520268", "text": "The A7V was not considered a success and other designs were planned by Germany, however the end of the war meant none of the other tanks in development, or planned ones, would be finished (such as the Oberschlesien, K-Wagen, LK I or LK II)."}
{"id": "doc1520275", "text": "Later German tanks received a new designation, Panzerkampfwagen (PzKpfw or PzKw). The first machine to use this was the two-man PzKpfw I Ausf A, a 5.4-ton machine with a 3.5-litre 60\u00a0hp (45\u00a0kW) petrol engine it had 13\u00a0mm of armour and was armed with twin 7.92\u00a0mm machine guns. The Panzer\u00a0I light tank design began in 1932 and mass production in 1934. The more common Ausf B was a trifle larger to accommodate a 100\u00a0hp (75\u00a0kW) Maybach engine. Both models were sent to the Spanish Civil War for testing, along with other new German weapons. From Spain it quickly became clear that the next generation of tanks would need better armour, greater range and much heavier weapons. Experiences with the Panzer\u00a0I during the Spanish Civil War helped shape the German armored corps' invasion of Poland in 1939 and France in 1940. The Panzer\u00a0I's performance in combat was limited by its thin armor and light armament of two general purpose machine guns. As a design intended for training, the Panzer\u00a0I was not as capable as other light tanks of the era, such as the T-26."}
{"id": "doc1520278", "text": "Lighter tanks formed almost the entirety of the German forces, but the heavier tanks were at least in prototype. In 1934 a number of heavy prototypes were constructed, based around either 75 or 105\u00c2\u00a0mm main guns. Designated Neubaufahrzeug (NbFz) and very similar to contemporary Russian and British designs six were built by Rheinmetall and Krupp. Useful for propaganda purposes these tanks did not enter production, their later designations of PzKpfw V and VI were transferred to the production Panther and Tiger types. With the knowledge of the NbFz and the experiences of the lighter tanks in Spain, German designers began to create their own designs."}
{"id": "doc1520283", "text": "The Panzer\u00a0I was upgraded in order to increase its lethality. On 8\u00a0August 1937, Major General Garc\u00eda Pallasar received a note from General\u00edsimo Francisco Franco which expressed the need for a Panzer\u00a0I (or negrillo, as their Spanish crews called them) with a 20-millimeter gun. Ultimately, the piece chosen was the Breda Model 1935, due to the simplicity of the design over competitors such as the German Flak 30. Furthermore, the 20\u00a0mm Breda was capable of perforating 40\u00a0millimeters of armor at 250\u00a0meters (1.57\u00a0in at 275\u00a0yd), which was more than sufficient to penetrate the frontal armor of the T-26. Although originally forty Italian CV.35 light tanks were ordered with the Breda in place of their original armament, this order was subsequently canceled after it was thought adaptation of the same gun to the Panzer\u00a0I would yield better results. Prototypes were ready by September\u00a01937 and an order was placed after successful results. The mounting of the Breda in the Panzer I required the original turret to be opened at the top and then extended by a vertical supplement. Four of these tanks were finished at the Armament Factory of Seville, but further production was canceled as it was decided sufficient numbers of Republican T-26 tanks had been captured to fulfill the Nationalist leadership's request for more lethal tanks. The Breda modification was not particularly liked by German crews, as the unprotected gap in the turret, designed to allow the tank's commander to aim, was found to be a dangerous weak point.[54]"}
{"id": "doc1520286", "text": "On 1\u00a0September 1939, Germany invaded Poland using seventy-two divisions (including 16 reserve infantry divisions in OKH reserves), including seven panzer divisions (1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 10., \"Kempf\") and four light divisions (1., 2., 3., 4.). Three days later, France and Britain declared war on Germany. The seven panzer and four light divisions were arrayed in five armies, forming two army groups.[57] The battalion strength of the 1 Panzer Division included no less than fourteen Panzer\u00a0I's, while the other six divisions included thirty-four.[61] A total of about 2,700 tanks were available for the invasion of Poland, but only 310 of the heavier Panzer III and IV tanks were available. The Germans held some 1,400 of Panzer Is at the ready during the invasion. Furthermore, 350 tanks were of Czech design\u2014the rest were either Panzer\u00a0I's or Panzer IIs.[62] The invasion was swift and the last Polish pockets of resistance surrendered on 6\u00a0October.[63]"}
{"id": "doc1520289", "text": "Furthermore, it was found that handling of armored forces during the campaign left much to be desired. During the beginning of Guderian's attack in northern Poland, his corps was held back to coordinate with infantry for quite a while, preventing a faster advance. It was only after Army Group South had its attention taken from Warsaw at the Battle of Bzura that Guderian's armor was fully unleashed. There were still lingering tendencies to reserve Germany's armor, even if in independent divisions, to cover an infantry advance or the flanks of advancing infantry armies.[68] Although tank production was increased to 125 tanks per month after the Polish Campaign, losses forced the Germans to draw further strength from Czech tank designs, and light tanks continued to form the majority of Germany's armored strength.[69]"}
{"id": "doc1520290", "text": "The occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 had provided the German military with large amounts of high quality weapons at no cost, from the arsenal of the Czech military. There was enough equipment for about 40 army divisions. The Germans integrated the Czech industry, mainly the Skoda factories, becoming part of the German military production machine and continued to produce tanks and other weapons for Germany. So when Germany invaded France, three full German Panzer divisions were equipped with Czech tanks. One division was equipped with the Czech type 35 light tank (10 tons) renamed Panzer 35, and two divisions were equipped with the type 38 light tank (10 tons) renamed Panzer 38. The Panzer 35 had a crew of four and carried a Czech 37mm gun (with 72 rounds) and two machine guns, one coaxial and remained in front line service until 1942, when they were converted for other roles. The Panzer 38 had a crew of four and carried a Czech 37mm gun (with 90 rounds) and two machine guns, one coaxial and one in the front (with 2550 rounds). 1400 tanks were produced for the German army in 1939-1942 and many variants used its chassis, including the Hetzer, a tank destroyer with a 75mm gun."}
{"id": "doc1520292", "text": "The last major campaign in which the Panzer\u00a0I formed a large portion of the armored strength was Operation Barbarossa, 22\u00a0June 1941. The 3,300 German tanks included about 410 Panzer\u00a0I's.[74] By the end of the month, a large portion of the Red Army found itself trapped in the Minsk pocket,[75] and by 21\u00a0September Kiev had fallen, thereby allowing the Germans to concentrate on their ultimate objective, Moscow.[76]"}
{"id": "doc1520300", "text": "The Panzer IV was the only German tank to remain in both production and combat throughout World War II,[93][94] and measured over the entire war it comprised 30% of the Wehrmacht's total tank strength.[95] In came into service by early 1939, in time for the occupation of Czechoslovakia,[96] but at the start of the war the majority of German armor was made up of obsolete Panzer Is and Panzer IIs.[97] The Panzer I in particular had already proved inferior to Soviet tanks, such as the T-26, during the Spanish Civil War.[98]"}
{"id": "doc1520309", "text": "On 15 October 1944 Tiger IIs of s.H.Pz.Abt. 503 played a crucial role during Operation Panzerfaust, supporting Otto Skorzeny's troops in taking the Hungarian capital of Budapest, which ensured that the country remained with the Axis until the end of the war."}
{"id": "doc1520311", "text": "During the war, the mass of a panzer increased from the 5.4 tonnes of a pre-war Panzer I light tank, to the whopping 68.5 tonnes of the Tiger II. In the meantime, the Soviets continued to produce the T-34 by the tens of thousands, and U.S. industry nearly matched them in the number of M4 Sherman tanks built and deployed in Europe after D-Day."}
{"id": "doc1520320", "text": "Twenty vehicles were ordered during the spring of 1918. They saw action from March to October of that year, and were the only tanks produced by Germany in World War I to see operational use.[110]"}
{"id": "doc1520334", "text": "The Panther tank was a compromise of various requirements. While sharing essentially the same engine as the Tiger I tank, it had better frontal armor, better gun penetration, was lighter overall and thus faster, and could handle rough terrain better than the Tigers. The tradeoff was weaker side armor; the Panther proved to be deadly in open country and shooting from long range, but vulnerable to close-quarters combat. Also, the 75\u00a0mm gun fired a slightly smaller shell than the Tiger's 88\u00a0mm gun, providing less high explosive firepower against infantry, though it was still quite effective."}
{"id": "doc1520339", "text": "The tank was given its nickname Tiger \u00a0listen\u00a0(help\u00b7info) by Ferdinand Porsche, and the Roman numeral was added after the later Tiger II entered production. The initial official German designation was Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf\u00fchrung H (\u2018Panzer VI version H\u2019, abbreviated PzKpfw VI Ausf. H), but the tank was redesignated as PzKpfw VI Ausf. E in March 1943. It also had the ordnance inventory designation SdKfz\u00a0181."}
{"id": "doc1520499", "text": "The original major transcontinental routes in 1925, along with the auto trails which they roughly replaced, were as follows:[9]"}
{"id": "doc1521101", "text": "The pair's television breakthrough came on the French & Saunders sketch show, where they appeared together in several episodes. Mel and Sue gained widespread popularity in March 1997 when they launched a lunchtime chat show on Channel 4, Light Lunch, where celebrity chefs cooked lunch for the duo's celebrity guests. The show returned for a second series in 1998.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1521481", "text": "Grosseteste was the founder of the famous Oxford Franciscan school. He built his work on Aristotle's vision of the dual path of scientific reasoning. Concluding from particular observations into a universal law, and then back again: from universal laws to prediction of particulars. Grosseteste called this \"resolution and composition\". Further, Grosseteste said that both paths should be verified through experimentation in order to verify the principals. These ideas established a tradition that carried forward to Padua and Galileo Galilei in the 17th century."}
{"id": "doc1521484", "text": "The first half of the 14th century saw the scientific work of great thinkers. The logic studies by William of Occam led him to postulate a specific formulation of the principle of parsimony, known today as Occam's razor. This principle is one of the main heuristics used by modern science to select between two or more underdetermined theories, though it is only fair to point out that this principle was employed explicitly by both Aquinas and Aristotle before him."}
{"id": "doc1522826", "text": "^1  The exact date of release is unknown."}
{"id": "doc1523323", "text": "As of the most recently completed 2016\u201317 season, the tournament has most often been held at two venues that have each hosted 12 times. Louisville Gardens in Louisville, Kentucky served as the regular host from 1941 until the tournament was discontinued after the 1952 edition. The Georgia Dome in Atlanta first hosted the tournament in 1995 and most recently hosted in 2014. Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee is now the regular host, with that venue hosting the tournament from 2015 through 2025, except in 2018 and 2022 (years in which it will instead host the SEC women's basketball tournament).[82] Sometimes, the tournament will take place at the Smoothie King Center in New Orleans, or Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida. During the two seasons in the 2015\u20132025 period in which Nashville will not host the men's tournament, it will be held at Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri in 2018 and Amalie Arena in 2022.[83]"}
{"id": "doc1523430", "text": "The song became so popular that it ascended up the charts before a music video had even been shot for the song. The black and white video, directed by David Fincher and choreographed by Paula herself in mid-January 1989, won four 1989 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Female Video, Best Editing, Best Choreography, and the first Best Dance Video. The video features a special appearance by Paula's friend, comedian Arsenio Hall, whose popular talk show had premiered a few weeks prior to the video shoot. Djimon Hounsou also made a special appearance. Released later that month, the video at the time went into very heavy rotation on MTV, and it also made Abdul known for her exceptionally creative and distinct videos."}
{"id": "doc1524150", "text": "For many centuries scholars had tried to reconstruct the Calendar. The latest and more accepted version was proposed by Professor Rafael Tena of the Instituto Nacional de Antropolog\u00eda e Historia,[5] based on the studies of Sahag\u00fan and Alfonso Caso of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. His correlation confirms that the first day of the Mexica year was February 13 of the old Julian calendar or February 23 of the current Gregorian calendar.\nUsing the same count, it has been verified the date of the birth of Huitzilopochtli, the end of the year and a cycle or \"Tie of the Years,\" and the New Fire Ceremony, day-sign 1 Tecpatl of the year 2 Acatl,[6] corresponding to the date February 22."}
{"id": "doc1524979", "text": "Prior to the screening of the first episode, UK publicity for the series was extensive, with virtually every department at the BBC involved. Once the series had begun, a major aspect of the publicity campaign involved previews of each episode for the press prior to its public broadcast, so reviews could appear before the episode aired; the idea being that good reviews might get people to watch who otherwise would not. Other publicity 'events' included a party to celebrate the commencement of the third season, at The George Inn, Southwark, near the site of the Globe Theatre, and a similar party at the start of the sixth season, in Glamis Castle, which was attended by Ian Hogg, Alan Howard, Joss Ackland, Tyler Butterworth, Wendy Hiller, Patrick Ryecart and Cyril Cusack, all of whom were on hand for interviews by the many invited journalists.[41]"}
{"id": "doc1525129", "text": "The inaugural episode of the entire series was originally set to be a production of Much Ado About Nothing, directed by Donald McWhinnie, and starring Penelope Keith and Michael York.[65] The episode was shot (for \u00c2\u00a3250,000), edited and even publicly announced as the opening of the series, before it was suddenly pulled from the schedule and replaced with Romeo & Juliet (which was supposed to air as the second episode). No reasons were given by the BBC for this decision, although initial newspaper reports suggested that the episode had not been abandoned, it had simply been postponed for re-shoots, due to an unspecified actor's \"very heavy accent,\" and concerns that US audiences would not be able to understand the dialogue.[66] However, as time wore on, and no reshoots materialised, the press began to speculate that the show had been cancelled entirely, and would be replaced at a later date by a completely new adaptation, which was in fact what happened.[67] The press also pointed out that the fact that the production was never shown in Britain rubbished any suggestion that the prevailing cause for the abandonment was to do with accents. Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that BBC management simply regarded the production as a failure.[68]"}
{"id": "doc1525423", "text": "In 2017, Cox began her role as transgender attorney Cameron Wirth on Doubt on CBS.[10] However, after only two episodes had aired, CBS announced that they were pulling the series from their schedule, leaving the future of the remaining unaired episodes uncertain.[49] It was the first official cancellation of the 2016\u201317 season, following weak viewership. CBS later announced that the remaining 11 episodes would be broadcast on Saturday, beginning July 1.[50]"}
{"id": "doc1525759", "text": "The fourth-generation iPad (marketed as iPad with Retina display, colloquially referred to as the iPad 4)[15][16] is a tablet computer produced and marketed by Apple Inc. Compared to its predecessor, the third-generation iPad, the fourth-generation iPad maintained the Retina Display but featured new and upgraded components such as the Apple A6X chip and the Lightning connector, which was introduced on September 12, 2012. It shipped with iOS 6.0, which provides a platform for audio-visual media, including electronic books, periodicals, films, music, computer games, presentations and web content. Like the iPad 2 and the third-generation iPad, it has been supported by five major iOS releases, in this case iOS 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. iOS 11, which was released on 19 September 2017, does not have support for the fourth-generation iPad because of hardware limitations."}
{"id": "doc1526139", "text": "Schmidt is a common German occupational surname derived from the German word \"Schmied\" meaning \"blacksmith\" and/or \"metalworker\". This surname is the German equivalent of \"Smith\" in the English-speaking world."}
{"id": "doc1526184", "text": "After the second general's defeat and reuniting with Eve, Daniel travels to meet a demonic friend named Asmodeus (Jim Ward), for information about new rallying positions for Lucifer's armies. Asmodeus once saved Daniel's life after he single-handedly defeated four demons at once one day, almost losing himself in the process. Eve is wary of Asmodeus and questions as to why he did not finish Daniel when he was weak, but he insists that he did not come to Purgatory to fill the graves with lost souls like the others. He also questions Eve if she is really \"The Eve\" referenced in the Bible, to which Daniel jokes \"Where is Adam?\" before continuing on."}
{"id": "doc1526230", "text": "The season was notable for the three promoted clubs, all of which survived relegation for the first time since the 2001\u201302 season. There were also memorable, high-scoring matches between the top clubs. Manchester City beat Tottenham Hotspur 5\u20131 at White Hart Lane hours before Manchester United beat Arsenal 8\u20132 at home. City then beat United 6\u20131 at Old Trafford and Arsenal beat Chelsea 5\u20133 at Stamford Bridge. The final UEFA Champions League spot was yet to be determined, even after the league season concluded, as sixth-placed Chelsea had still to compete in the Champions League Final."}
{"id": "doc1526452", "text": "which is a clue for PARE, which means \"shave\" and is a homophone of pair, or \"twins\". The homophone is indicated by \"we hear\"."}
{"id": "doc1527337", "text": "It therefore seems most likely that the phrase is simply a humorous reference to the fact that metal figures will become very cold to the touch in cold weather."}
{"id": "doc1527346", "text": "The reference is most likely a humorous reference to emphasize how cold it is.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1527545", "text": "Robert Alda had originated the role of Sky Masterson on Broadway in 1950. For the movie, Gene Kelly at first seemed a serious candidate for the part, but it went to Marlon Brando as a matter of course, partly because MGM would not loan Kelly for the production, but mainly because Goldwyn wanted to cast Brando, the world's biggest box office draw by a wide margin at that time. The film ended up being distributed by MGM, Kelly's home studio. Frank Sinatra had coveted the role of Sky Masterson, and relations between him and Brando were strained. Hollywood critic James Bacon quotes Sinatra telling director Joe Mankiewicz, \"When Mumbles is through rehearsing, I'll come out\".[3] Sinatra had also been considered for the part of Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront;[4] both roles went to Brando."}
{"id": "doc1528217", "text": "A complete version of the UK show was shown on People+Arts, two weeks after the UK transmission."}
{"id": "doc1528335", "text": "The Weak nuclear force (different from the strong force) provides the potential energy for certain kinds of radioactive decay, such as beta decay."}
{"id": "doc1530226", "text": "In Ghana he delivered a lecture that persuaded Governor Guggisberg that Achimota College should be co-educational:He was the first vice Principal of Achimota College."}
{"id": "doc1531603", "text": "I said, \u201cI think I agree with [the lyrics]. I\u2019m not anti-military, and I agree with what she\u2019s singing in her songs.\u201d"}
{"id": "doc1532389", "text": "The song is included on the soundtrack of the anti-nuclear documentary Countdown to Zero, where it plays over the end credits."}
{"id": "doc1532821", "text": "Peckinpah was plagued by alcoholism, which he would struggle with for the remainder of his life. This, combined with his clashes with Aubrey and the studio, led to Peckinpah's growing reputation as a difficult, unreliable filmmaker. Reportedly, when Dylan first arrived on the set, he and Kristofferson sat to watch dailies with Peckinpah. The director was so unhappy with the footage that he angrily stood on a folding chair and urinated on the screen.[citation needed] Similar stories began to reach Hollywood, prompting Peckinpah to purchase a full-page ad in The Hollywood Reporter mocking the rumors and the brass at MGM.[citation needed] The Hollywood producers were not amused. The film finished 21 days behind schedule and $1.6 million over budget.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1533390", "text": "18. With me, your chief, ye then shall know, \nShall feel your sins forgiven; \nAnticipate your heaven below, \nAnd own that love is heaven."}
{"id": "doc1533508", "text": "Note: This episode is Part-2 of a two-hour story. This recently aired on 04-30-17 with a note that the original air date was 10-03-81, which is unconfirmed."}
{"id": "doc1533829", "text": "The game was followed by Zumba Kids on November 19, 2013.[35]"}
{"id": "doc1534003", "text": "The LHCb collaboration has observed multiple exotic hadrons, possibly pentaquarks or tetraquarks, in the Run 1 data. On 4 April 2014, the collaboration confirmed the existence of the tetraquark candidate Z(4430) with a significance of over 13.9 sigma.[139][140] On 13 July 2015, results consistent with pentaquark states in the decay of bottom Lambda baryons (\u039b0\nb) were reported.[141][142][143] On 28 June 2016, the collaboration announced four tetraquark-like particles decaying into a J/\u03c8 and a \u03c6 meson, only one of which was well established before (X(4274), X(4500) and X(4700) and X(4140)).[144][145]"}
{"id": "doc1534069", "text": "I'm not a coward,"}
{"id": "doc1534825", "text": "In August 1965, the Beatles released the McCartney composition \"Yesterday\", featuring a string quartet. Included on the Help! LP, the song was the group's first recorded use of classical music elements and their first recording that involved only a single band member.[35] \"Yesterday\" became one of the most covered songs in popular music history.[36] Later that year, during recording sessions for the album Rubber Soul, McCartney began to supplant Lennon as the dominant musical force in the band. Musicologist Ian MacDonald wrote, \"from [1965]\u00a0... [McCartney] would be in the ascendant not only as a songwriter, but also as instrumentalist, arranger, producer, and de facto musical director of the Beatles.\"[37] Critics described Rubber Soul as a significant advance in the refinement and profundity of the band's music and lyrics.[38] Considered a high point in the Beatles catalogue, both Lennon and McCartney said they had written the music for the song \"In My Life\".[39] McCartney said of the album, \"we'd had our cute period, and now it was time to expand.\"[40] Recording engineer Norman Smith stated that the Rubber Soul sessions exposed indications of increasing contention within the band: \"the clash between John and Paul was becoming obvious\u00a0... [and] as far as Paul was concerned, George [Harrison] could do no right\u2014Paul was absolutely finicky.\"[41]"}
{"id": "doc1534829", "text": "Starting in November 1966, the band adopted an experimental attitude during recording sessions for the album.[54] According to engineer Geoff Emerick, \"the Beatles were looking to go out on a limb, both musically and sonically\u00a0... we were utilising a lot of tape varispeeding and other manipulation techniques\u00a0... limiters and\u00a0... effects like flanging and ADT.\"[55] Their recording of \"A Day in the Life\" required a forty-piece orchestra, which Martin and McCartney took turns conducting.[56] The sessions produced the double A-side single \"Strawberry Fields Forever\"/\"Penny Lane\" in February 1967, and the LP followed in June.[33][nb 6] McCartney's \"She's Leaving Home\" was an orchestral pop song. MacDonald described the track as \"[among] the finest work on Sgt. Pepper\u2014imperishable popular art of its time\".[58] Based on an ink drawing by McCartney, the LP's cover included a collage designed by pop artists Peter Blake and Jann Haworth, featuring the Beatles in costume as the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, standing with a host of celebrities.[59][nb 7] The heavy moustaches worn by the Beatles reflected the growing influence of hippie style trends on the band, while their clothing \"spoofed the vogue in Britain for military fashions\", wrote Gould.[61] Scholar David Scott Kastan described Sgt. Pepper as \"the most important and influential rock-and-roll album ever recorded\".[62]"}
{"id": "doc1535415", "text": "Species include:"}
{"id": "doc1535567", "text": "Personal service is service of process directly to the (or a) party named on the summons, complaint, or petition. In most lawsuits in the United States, personal service is required to prove service.[citation needed] Most states allow substituted service in almost all lawsuits unless a corporation, LLC, LLP, or other business entity is being served; in those cases, personal service must be achieved by serving (in hand) the documents to the \"registered agent\" of a business entity.[citation needed] Some states, e.g. Florida, do not require that the documents actually be handed to the individual. In California and most other states, the documents must be visible to the person being served, i.e., not in a sealed envelope.[citation needed] If the individual refuses to accept service, flees, closes the door, etc., and the individual has been positively identified as the person to be served, the documents may be \"drop served\" (placed as close to the individual as possible); this is considered a valid service.[citation needed] In the U.S., personal service of process has been the hallmark for initiating litigation for nearly 100 years, primarily because it guarantees actual notice to a defendant of a legal action against him or her.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1537788", "text": "Meanwhile, Ron and the others deal with their meetings: April acts as uninterested as possible, Andy makes promises to people against Ron's wishes, and Ann provides several medical consults after revealing she is really a nurse (not a parks and recreation department employee). Although the two had previously been developing a romantic interest, Andy now acts uninterested in April because he feels uncomfortable about the eight-year age difference between them, further upsetting April on a difficult day. Ron, who views the many meetings as an utter nightmare, calls in the others during the middle of the day for a progress report, and angrily berates April for her mistake. After all the meetings, April arranges her own meeting with Ron, where she announces she is quitting. When Andy learns this, he convinces Ron that April is a great assistant. Ron goes to April's house and convinces her to come back by telling her about Andy's compliments. April then reveals that she knows Ron is Duke Silver, since her mother is a huge fan, and that she recognized him the first time that they met. On her first day back, April successfully scares off someone wanting to meet with Ron by scheduling absurd meeting dates and times such as June 50th, the \"one-teenth\" of \"march-tember\" and 2:65 PM. Ron gives her an approving smile and nod while watching from his office."}
{"id": "doc1538025", "text": "The existing episodes are as follows:"}
{"id": "doc1538520", "text": "All teams were seeded from 1 to 16 within their regions. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 65. In a practice used since 2004, the ranking of the four top seeds against each other would determine the pairings in the Final Four. The top overall seed would be seeded to play the fourth overall seed in the national semifinals, should both teams advance that far. In 2006, these rankings were as follows: No. 1 Duke, No. 2 Connecticut, No. 3 Villanova, and No. 4 Memphis.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1538535", "text": "Originally, Beauty and the Beast, under the direction of Richard Purdum, was not intended to be a musical. Then-studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg made the decision to turn the film into a Broadway-style musical similar to The Little Mermaid (1989), Disney's previous animated film, after he, displeased with the film's initial story reel, ordered the film scrapped and restarted from scratch. As a result, Purdum resigned, and first-time feature film directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale replaced him."}
{"id": "doc1538954", "text": "The name Tyrone is derived from Irish T\u00edr Eoghain, meaning 'land of Eoghan', the name given to the conquests made by the Cen\u00e9l nE\u00f3gain from the provinces of Airg\u00edalla and Ulaid.[5] Historically, it was anglicised as Tirowen or Tyrowen, which are closer to the Irish pronunciation."}
{"id": "doc1539817", "text": "Several U.S. statutes directly confer the right to interlocutory appeals, including appeals from orders denying arbitration, 9 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a016, and some judicial actions against the debtor upon filing bankruptcy proceedings, 11 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0362(a). There is a major split in the United States courts of appeals as to whether a stay of proceedings should issue in the district court while interlocutory appeals on the arbitrability of disputes are decided. Compare Bradford\u2013Scott Data Corp., Inc. v. Physician Computer Network, 128 F.3d 504 (7th Cir. 1997), and Britton v. Co-op Banking Group, 916 F.2d 1405 (9th Cir. 1990). An interlocutory appeal under the collateral order doctrine usually merits a stay of proceedings while the appeal is being decided. Currently, the Second and Ninth Circuits have refused to stay proceedings in the district court while an arbitration issue is pending [See, Motorola Credit Corp. v. Uzan, 388, F.3d 39, 53\u20134 (2d Cir. 2004; Britton v. Co-Op Banking Group, 916 F.2d 1405, 1412 (9th Cir. 1990)]. The Seventh, Tenth and Eleventh Circuit courts conversely hold that a non-frivolous appeal warrants a stay of proceedings. See, Bradford\u2013Scott Data Corp. v. Physician Computer Network, Inc., 128 F.3d, 504, 506 (7th Cir. 1997); Blinco v. Green Tree Servicing, LLC, 366 F.3d 1249, 1251\u20132 (11th Cir. 2004); McCauley et al. v. Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., 161 Fed. Appx. 760 (10th Cir. 2005)."}
{"id": "doc1540259", "text": "In prokaryotes, transcription is carried out by a single type of RNA polymerase, which needs a DNA sequence called a Pribnow box as well as a sigma factor (\u03c3 factor) to start transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription is performed by three types of RNA polymerases, each of which needs a special DNA sequence called the promoter and a set of DNA-binding proteins\u2014transcription factors\u2014to initiate the process. RNA polymerase I is responsible for transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes but also some non-coding RNAs (e.g., snRNAs, snoRNAs or long non-coding RNAs). Pol II includes a C-terminal domain (CTD) that is rich in serine residues. When these residues are phosphorylated, the CTD binds to various protein factors that promote transcript maturation and modification. RNA polymerase III transcribes 5S rRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and some small non-coding RNAs (e.g., 7SK). Transcription ends when the polymerase encounters a sequence called the terminator."}
{"id": "doc1540372", "text": "The basketball team plays its home games in Bud Walton Arena on the University of Arkansas campus. Under the coaching leadership of Nolan Richardson, the Hogs won the national championship in 1994, defeating Duke, and appeared in the championship game the following year, but were beaten by UCLA. The Razorbacks have made NCAA Final Four appearances in 1941, 1945, 1978, 1990, 1994, and 1995."}
{"id": "doc1541761", "text": "In an August 1967 article, Dorothy Manners reported that CBS had asked McGoohan to produce 36 segments, but he would agree to produce only 17.[20] According to a 1977 interview, Lew Grade requested 26 episodes; McGoohan thought this would spread the show too thin, but was able to come up with 17 episodes.[10] However, according to The Prisoner: The Official Companion to the Classic TV Series, the series was originally supposed to run longer but was cancelled, forcing McGoohan to write the final episode in only a few days.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1543725", "text": "Methods of torture such as a hot box and waterboarding are also used by the guards of Sona, both in the episode \"Boxed In\"."}
{"id": "doc1548640", "text": "Ordeal by Innocence is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 3 November 1958[1] and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year.[2][3] The UK edition retailed at twelve shillings and sixpence (12/6)[1] and the US edition at $2.95.[3] It is regarded by critics as one of the best of her later works, and was also one of Christie's two favourites of her own novels, the other being Crooked House."}
{"id": "doc1548878", "text": "Railroads were in operation in South Jersey by the mid-19th century. The advent of the railroad was one of the reasons Charles K. Landis was inspired to found Vineland in 1861. The rail system expanded dramatically during that period, helping a number of towns to grow and thrive. Many of the railroads were later consolidated into the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad (WJ&S). By 1925, it operated 379 miles of road on 717 miles of track. In 1933 it became part of Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines, a Pennsylvania Railroad subsidiary. in 1933. Much of the system is part of the South Jersey/Philadelphia Shared Assets Area. The Glassboro\u2013Camden Line, a light rail system, is projected to open in 2019."}
{"id": "doc1550148", "text": "The component of the Sun's motion seen by an earthbound observer caused by the revolution of the tilted axis \u2013 which, keeping the same angle in space, is oriented toward or away from the Sun \u2013 is an observed daily increment (and lateral offset) of the elevation of the Sun at noon for approximately six months and observed daily decrement for the remaining six months. At maximum or minimum elevation, the relative yearly motion of the Sun perpendicular to the horizon stops and reverses direction."}
{"id": "doc1550156", "text": "Diagram of the Earth's seasons as seen from the south. Far left: northern solstice"}
{"id": "doc1551353", "text": "While in the United States from 1959 to 1964, Lee abandoned thoughts of a film career in favour of pursuing martial arts. However, a martial arts exhibition on Long Beach in 1964 eventually led to the invitation by William Dozier for an audition for a role in the pilot for \"Number One Son\". The show never aired, but Lee was invited for the role of the sidekick Kato alongside the title character played by Van Williams in the TV series titled The Green Hornet. The show lasted only one season of 26 episodes, from September 1966 to March 1967. Lee and Williams also appeared as their respective characters in three crossover episodes of Batman, another William Dozier produced television series. This was followed by guest appearances in three television series: Ironside (1967), Here Come the Brides (1969), and Blondie (1969)."}
{"id": "doc1552106", "text": "The British Out of Our Heads\u00a0\u2013 with a different cover\u00a0\u2013 added songs that would surface later in the US on December's Children (And Everybody's) and others that had not been released in the UK thus far (such as \"Heart of Stone\") instead of the already-released live track and recent hit singles (as singles rarely featured on albums in the UK in those times). Issued later that September, Out of Our Heads reached No. 2 in the UK charts behind the Beatles' Help!. It was The Rolling Stones' last UK album to rely upon R&B covers; the forthcoming Aftermath was entirely composed by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards."}
{"id": "doc1552779", "text": "The executive may be an elected or an appointed position. When elected, the executive typically functions either as a voting member of the elected county government, or may have veto power similar to other elected executives such as a governor, president or mayor. When appointed, the executive is usually hired for a specific period of time, but frequently can be dismissed prior to this. The position of an appointed county executive is analogous to that of a city manager (rather than that of an appointed governor common outside the US), and is similar to a chief administrative officer, depending on the state. The executive is generally given full responsibility for the total operation of all departments based on general directives provided by the elected county government that hired the executive.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1553106", "text": "Part of the movie was shot on the set of Paramount Ranch.[3][4]"}
{"id": "doc1554073", "text": "Note also the surname is generally written before the first name"}
{"id": "doc1556425", "text": "In \"The Show Where Woody Shows Up\" (1999), Woody Boyd (Woody Harrelson), still married to Kelly with his son and daughter, accidentally reunites with his old friend Frasier after landing in the wrong destination, Seattle. However, they realize that they no longer enjoy their time together, as their lives are too different. Nevertheless, they admit that they had good times together in Boston, and they will always care about each other. In \"Cheerful Goodbyes\" (2002), Frasier arrives to Boston for a psychiatric conference. At the airport, Frasier unexpectedly bumps into old friend, Cliff Clavin and is invited to Cliff's retirement party the following evening, where he is reunited with waitress Carla Tortelli (Rhea Perlman) and then briefly Norm Peterson (George Wendt). Later, Cliff confides in Frasier that he fears that his friends will not miss him. Frasier tells everyone to say a nice farewell to Cliff\u00e2\u20ac\u201deven Carla, who hates him. Touched, Cliff decides to stay in Boston, much to Carla's chagrin."}
{"id": "doc1557550", "text": "After his move to the United States in 1934 (Steinberg 1995, 463), the composer used the alternative spelling of his surname Schoenberg, rather than Sch\u00c3\u00b6nberg, in what he called \"deference to American practice\" (Foss 1951, 401), though according to one writer he first made the change a year earlier (Ross 2007, 45)."}
{"id": "doc1558391", "text": "\"If someone were to tell me now that the Germans were coming in over our back wall, I wouldn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t lift a finger to stop them. They could come!\""}
{"id": "doc1558517", "text": "The inferior vena cava passes through the caval opening, a quadrilateral opening at the junction of the right and middle leaflets of the central tendon, so that its margins are tendinous. Surrounded by tendons, the opening is stretched open every time inspiration occurs. However, there has been argument that the caval opening actually constricts during inspiration. Since thoracic pressure decreases upon inspiration and draws the caval blood upwards toward the right atrium, increasing the size of the opening allows more blood to return to the heart, maximizing the efficacy of lowered thoracic pressure returning blood to the heart. The aorta does not pierce the diaphragm but rather passes behind it in between the left and right crus."}
{"id": "doc1558629", "text": "The name has been linked to the Latin term acer, meaning \"sharp\" or \"pointed\", but more commonly to the German eigen, meaning \"own\"."}
{"id": "doc1561656", "text": "Prior Analytics, upon re-discovery, was instantly regarded by logicians as \"a closed and complete body of doctrine\", leaving very little for thinkers of the day to debate and re-organize. Aristotle's theory on the syllogism for assertoric sentences was considered especially remarkable, with only small systematic changes occurring to the concept over time. This theory of the syllogism would not enter the context of the more comprehensive logic of consequence until logic began to be reworked in general in the mid-fourteenth century by the likes of John Buridan."}
{"id": "doc1562184", "text": "The Industrial Development Board (IDB) agreed to let 20th Century Fox film the 2013 film Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters in the theme park during the summer of 2012 through August.[25] Mega Zeph, Ozarka Splash and The Big Easy are three rides that have been shot for the film along with five other rides that the production crew had brought into the park, since all the original rides were rendered inoperable to shoot for the film. Before shooting at the park for five weeks, the production crew took two weeks to restore the derelict park into the needed condition by installing lighting and covering up graffiti on the buildings. The park portrays the fictional Circeland on the island of Polyphemus that was built by the goddess Circe, only to be destroyed by the cyclops Polyphemus.[26]"}
{"id": "doc1562972", "text": "The film was shot in Larry McMurtry's small hometown of Archer City located in north Texas. McMurtry had renamed the town Thalia in his book; Bogdanovich renamed it Anarene for the film, a name chosen to correspond to the cowtown of Abilene, Kansas, in Howard Hawks' Red River (1948).[7] Red River, significantly, is the movie, indeed the last picture show, which Sonny and Duane watch at the end of the film."}
{"id": "doc1563324", "text": "In dictionary order, the word \"Thomas\" appears before \"Thompson\" because the letter 'a' comes before the letter 'p' in the alphabet. The 5th letter is the first that is different in the two words; the first four letters are \"Thom\" in both. Because it is the first difference, the 5th letter is the most significant difference for the alphabetical ordering."}
{"id": "doc1563745", "text": "Nine episodes.\u00a0 First broadcast: Saturdays, Sundays and a Friday on ITV \u2013 9 to 30 August and 9 November to 19 December 1980"}
{"id": "doc1563751", "text": "Four episodes.\u00a0 First broadcast: 1 Saturday and 3 Sundays on ITV \u2013 30 March and 14 to 28 July 1985"}
{"id": "doc1563752", "text": "Ten episodes.\u00a0 First broadcast: Fridays on ITV \u2013 18 December 1987 to 29 January 1988 and 15 April to 13 May 1988"}
{"id": "doc1564136", "text": "monged (out)\u00c2"}
{"id": "doc1564158", "text": "see a man about a dog\u00c2"}
{"id": "doc1564173", "text": "1 \"Short, Short Man\""}
{"id": "doc1566486", "text": "The Australian House of Representatives has 150 members elected from single-member constituencies (formally called \"Electoral Divisions\", but usually called seats or electorates in Australia; see Australian electorates) for three-year terms. Voters must fill in the ballot paper by numbering all the candidates in order of their preference. Failure to number all the candidates, or an error in numbering, renders the ballot informal (invalid).[53] The average number of candidates has tended to increase in recent years: there are frequently 10 or 12 candidates in a seat, and at the Wills by-election in April 1992 there were 22 candidates.[54] This has made voting increasingly onerous, but the rate of informal voting has increased only slightly."}
{"id": "doc1567090", "text": "As mentioned above, the resolution is included in the Annex of the current Constitution of Pakistan by virtue of Article 2A of the Constitution.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1568962", "text": "Mon (crest) of the Prime Minister"}
{"id": "doc1570656", "text": "At the Council of Jerusalem (c. 50), the early Church, Paul and the leaders of the Jerusalem church met and decided to embrace Gentile converts. Acts portrays Peter and other leaders as successfully opposing the Christian Pharisees who insisted on circumcision.[51]"}
{"id": "doc1572538", "text": "Take 2 of the song was released on The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963 which was an album released exclusively to iTunes in 2013."}
{"id": "doc1573814", "text": "Due to the many jurisdictions covered by the Internet, the AUP document needs to specify the jurisdiction, which determines the laws that are applicable and govern the use of an AUP. Even if a company is only located in one jurisdiction and the AUP applies only to its employees, naming the jurisdiction saves difficulties of interpretation should legal action be required to enforce its statements."}
{"id": "doc1574683", "text": "As news of the bout spreads, Robert begins to feel more pressure from being Rocky's son, and makes an effort to discourage Rocky from fighting, blaming his own personal failings on his father's celebrity shadow, but Rocky rebukes him with some profound advice: to succeed in life, \"it ain't about how hard you hit; it's about how hard you can get hit, and keep moving forward,\" and that blaming others won't help him. The day after this debate, father and son meet over Adrian's grave and reconcile, which is when Robert announces that he has resigned from his job to be at Rocky's ringside. Rocky also reunites with his old trainer, Duke, and both men quickly realize that age and arthritis have sapped Rocky of any speed he once possessed. They decide to focus on his one major remaining weapon: power."}
{"id": "doc1574764", "text": "This independent position by ancient custom was recognized, against the claims of the Patriarch of Antioch, at the Council of Ephesus (431), and by an edict of Emperor Zeno. When the Archbishop of Antioch tried to abolish the Church of Cyprus' autocephaly, the Cypriot clergy denounced this before the Council of Ephesus. The Council ratified the autocephaly of the Church of Cyprus by its 8th canon."}
{"id": "doc1574783", "text": "The Holy Synod of the Autocephalous Church of Cyprus is the highest church authority in Cyprus. Its task is to examine and provide solutions on all issues concerning the Church of Cyprus. Head of the Holy Synod and of the Church of Cyprus is Chrysostomos II (Herodotus) Dimitriou, Archbishop of New Justiniana and All Cyprus."}
{"id": "doc1576987", "text": "In the United Kingdom and other realms which permit female succession to the throne, the phrase can be altered to accommodate succession between monarchs of different sexes, e.g. \"The King is dead, long live The Queen!\", as happened in 1952, when King George VI died and was succeeded by his daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, or \"The Queen is dead, long live The King!\" as happened in 1901, when Queen Victoria was succeeded by her son, King Edward VII. \"The King is dead, long live The King!\" was last properly used in the United Kingdom in January 1936 when King George V was succeeded by his son King Edward VIII, who later abdicated.[citation needed][original research?], or \"The Queen is dead, long live The Queen!\" as happened in 1558, when Queen Mary I was succeeded by her half-sister, Queen Elizabeth I."}
{"id": "doc1577006", "text": "Each episode was 52 minutes excluding commercials; as was customary for ITV documentary series at the time, it was originally screened with only one central break. The Genocide episode was screened uninterrupted."}
{"id": "doc1577539", "text": "Vermeer may have first executed his paintings tonally like most painters of his time, using either monochrome shades of grey (\"grisaille\") or a limited palette of browns and greys (\"dead coloring\"), over which he would apply more saturated colors (reds, yellows and blues) in the form of transparent glazes. No drawings have been positively attributed to Vermeer, and his paintings offer few clues to preparatory methods."}
{"id": "doc1577554", "text": "Vermeer's mother-in-law Maria Thins owned Dirck van Baburen's 1622 oil-on-canvas The Procuress (or a copy of it), which appears in the background of two of Vermeer's paintings. The same subject was also painted by Vermeer. Almost all of Vermeer's paintings are of contemporary subjects in a smaller format, with a cooler palette dominated by blues, yellows, and grays. Practically all of his surviving works belong to this period, usually domestic interiors with one or two figures lit by a window on the left. They are characterized by a sense of compositional balance and spatial order, unified by a pearly light. Mundane domestic or recreational activities are imbued with a poetic timelessness (e.g., Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window, Dresden, Gem\u00c3\u00a4ldegalerie). Vermeer's two townscapes have also been attributed to this period: View of Delft (The Hague, Mauritshuis) and A street in Delft (Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum)."}
{"id": "doc1580240", "text": "Ash finds out that from Chris Harrington (Johnny Ruffo) that Dr Nate Cooper tried to allegedly rape Billie and he attacks Nate at the police station. But Ash later uncovers out that Billie made up Nate's sexual assault and is mad at her for causing trouble. Billie tells Ash that she likes Nate, but he was dating Kat and since Dean died, she wants to move on, but Kyle and Nate both reject her. Ash finds out that Billie has leg injuries and burns from a fire after she rescues Zac MacGuire, (Charlie Clausen) Matt Page (Alec Snow) and Oscar MacGuire (Jake Speer) from the fire, which lit their house and that Billie is the main suspect behind the fire. Billie is to a hospital in the city. Kyle takes Ash's place during a drug deal. Later after Brax manages to get himself transferred to another prison after he reports Gunno, Kyle and Ash come up with an escape plan so Brax and Ricky can have a life with baby Casey. The plan goes haywire after Gunno sends someone to kill Brax. The police car transferring Brax is run off the road and into a river. Brax survives and convinces Ash to let everyone think that he is dead so his friends and family will be safe from Gunno. Ash reluctantly agrees. Denny eventually breaks up with Ash because of his lies and the dangerous choices he has makes. Ash and Phoebe have a fling when she and Kyle temporarily break up. Ash and Phoebe eventually start a relationship. Ash discovered that Phoebe is pregnant and he assumes he's the father. But Ash found out that Kyle's the father, causing a strain in his relationship with Phoebe and he breaks up with her. But they got back together and Ash tells Phoebe that he'll support the baby and will love the baby like his own. However, Phoebe discovered she's pregnant with twins, and suffered a miscarriage. Billie returns to Summer Bay and reunite with Ash, after she rescues Oscar. Billie was a main suspect when police discover Kat's missing handcuffs are in Billie's bag and Ash suspects that Zac's ex, Charlotte King (Erika Heynatz) is behind this. He comes to her house and attacks her, almost strangling her to death, until Kat stops him. Ash attends Zac and Leah Patterson-Baker's wedding. Ash became a suspect to Charlotte's murder and Kat's abusive ex-fiance, Detective Dylan Carter (Jeremy Lindsay Taylor) suspects that Ash killed Charlotte and arrests him for murder, but the police have no evidence to prove him guilty. During Billie's trial, Ash is shocked when Zac and Charlotte's son, Hunter King (Scott Lee) confesses that he started the fire at Leah's house."}
{"id": "doc1580688", "text": "Transcription factors (like all proteins) are transcribed from a gene on a chromosome into RNA, and then the RNA is translated into protein. Any of these steps can be regulated to affect the production (and thus activity) of a transcription factor. An implication of this is that transcription factors can regulate themselves. For example, in a negative feedback loop, the transcription factor acts as its own repressor: If the transcription factor protein binds the DNA of its own gene, it down-regulates the production of more of itself. This is one mechanism to maintain low levels of a transcription factor in a cell.[37]"}
{"id": "doc1581104", "text": "With the admission of British Columbia to Canada on 20 July 1871, Canada agreed to build a transcontinental railroad. Construction of the railroad began in 1875, with Kicking Horse Pass chosen, over the more northerly Yellowhead Pass, as the route through the Canadian Rockies.[7] Ten years later, on 7 November 1885, the last spike was driven in Craigellachie, British Columbia.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1581293", "text": "After 1812, and until 1850, maintaining the balance of free and slave state votes in the Senate was considered of paramount importance if the Union were to be preserved, and states were typically admitted in pairs:"}
{"id": "doc1581446", "text": "The twelfth season of The Real Housewives of Orange County, an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It premiered on July 10, 2017, and is primarily filmed in Orange County, California. Its executive producers are Adam Karpel, Alex Baskin, Douglas Ross, Gregory Stewart, Scott Dunlop, Stephanie Boyriven and Andy Cohen."}
{"id": "doc1581504", "text": "The German name Matterhorn is named for Mattertal and Zermatt (historically Matt \"alpine meadow\", the prefix zer- is a preposition).[6]"}
{"id": "doc1581506", "text": "The French name Cervin, from which the Italian term Cervino derives, stems from the Latin Mons Silvanus (or Mons Sylvanus), where silva means forest; this was corrupted to Selvin and then Servin. The change of the first letter \"s\" to \"c\" is attributed to Horace B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure,[7] who thought the word was related to \"deer\" (French: cerf and Italian: cervo).[8]"}
{"id": "doc1581972", "text": "The term \"common-law marriage\" does not appear in BC law. A distinction is made between being a spouse and being married. Married couples include only those who have engaged in a legal marriage ceremony and have received a marriage licence. Spouses include married couples as well as those, of same or opposite gender, who satisfy criteria for being in a marriage-like relationship for a time period that depends on the law that is being considered. Hence the meaning of the term unmarried spouse in BC depends on the legal context. The criteria for a relationship being accepted as marriage-like include cohabitation for at least the specified period, unbroken by excessively long intervals that are unexplained by exigent circumstances. If dispute arises about whether the relationship was marriage-like, a court would consider a comprehensive set of further criteria including the domestic and financial arrangements, degree and nature of intimacy, and the sense of the relationship presented to friends and families (especially by each spouse to his/her own family). \"Mere roommates will never qualify as unmarried spouses. There needs to be some other dimension to the relationship indicative of a commitment between the parties and their shared belief that they are in a special relationship with each other.\"[2] The criteria do not exclude the existence of a previous marriage to a third person during the period of the marriage-like relationship of the unmarried spouses. Hence a person may have more than one spouse at the same time.[2][19]"}
{"id": "doc1582693", "text": "Corpse Bride is a 2005 British-American stop-motion-animated musical fantasy film directed by Mike Johnson and Tim Burton with a screenplay by John August, Caroline Thompson and Pamela Pettler based on characters created by Burton and Carlos Grangel. The plot is set in a fictional Victorian era village in Europe. Johnny Depp leads the cast as the voice of Victor, while Helena Bonham Carter voices Emily, the titular bride. Corpse Bride is the third stop-motion feature film produced by Burton and the first directed by him (the previous two films, The Nightmare Before Christmas and James and the Giant Peach, were directed by Henry Selick). This is also the first stop-motion feature from Burton that was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was dedicated to executive producer Joe Ranft, who died during production."}
{"id": "doc1582708", "text": "All tracks written by Danny Elfman and John August. All scores written by Elfman."}
{"id": "doc1583090", "text": "McCormick Hall, American College of Tehran, circa 1930, chartered by the State University of New York in 1932. Americans also founded Iran's first modern College of Medicine in the 1870s."}
{"id": "doc1584862", "text": "The organization aimed to create a united international community with shared sustainability goals by identifying sustainability problems worldwide, raising awareness about them, and suggesting the implementation of solutions. In 1987, the Brundtland Commission published the first volume of \u201cOur Common Future,\u201d the organization\u2019s main report. \u201cOur Common Future\u201d strongly influenced the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992 and the third UN Conference on Environment and Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 2002. Also, it is credited with crafting the most prevalent definition of sustainability, as seen below.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1585290", "text": "The long vowels (the vowels with [\u02d0]) also have nasal analogues."}
{"id": "doc1585578", "text": "In any case, Meyer, Papazian, Hume, and several casting directors spent most of July 1982 taking numerous trips to Kansas City. In between casting in Los Angeles, where they relied mostly on unknowns, they would fly to the Kansas City area to interview local actors and scenery. They were hoping to find some real Midwesterners for smaller roles. Hollywood casting directors strolled through shopping malls in Kansas City, looking for local people to fill small and supporting roles, while the daily newspaper in Lawrence ran an advertisement calling for local residents of all ages to sign up for jobs as a large number of extras in the film and a professor of theater and film at the University of Kansas was hired to head up the local casting of the movie. Out of the eighty or so speaking parts, only fifteen were cast in Los Angeles. The remaining roles were filled in Kansas City and Lawrence."}
{"id": "doc1585581", "text": "Local extras were paid $75 to shave heads bald, have prosthetic latex scar tissue and burn-marks affixed to their faces, be plastered with coats of artificial mud, and be dressed in tattered clothes for scenes of radiation sickness. They were requested not to bathe or shower until filming was completed. In a small Lawrence park, ABC set up a grimy shantytown to serve as home to survivors. It was known as \"Tent City.\" On Friday, September 3, 1982, the cameras rolled with many students as extras. The next day, Jason Robards, the best-known \"star\" of the film, arrived and production moved to Lawrence Memorial Hospital."}
{"id": "doc1585586", "text": "ABC used the demolition site of the former St. Joseph Hospital located at Linwood Boulevard and Prospect Avenue in an inner city neighborhood in Kansas City as the set. The network paid the city to halt demolition for a month so it could film scenes of destruction there. However, when the crew arrived, more demolition had apparently taken place. Meyer was angry, but then realized he could populate the area with fake corpses and junked cars \"and then I got real happy.\" Robards was in makeup at 6\u00c2\u00a0a.m. to look like a radiation poisoning victim. The makeup took three hours to apply. Passers-by strained for a closer look as Robards lifted the arm of a body stuck under fallen debris--just the arm, severed at the shoulder. It was at this site that the moving final scene where Dr. Oakes confronts a family of squatters was filmed."}
{"id": "doc1585937", "text": "Joshua Stevens produced three lines of single-shot tip-up target pistols named after contemporary gunmen.[20]"}
{"id": "doc1587119", "text": "The order of precedence in the Catholic Church is organized by rank within the hierarchy according first to order, then jurisdiction, and finally to titular or ad personam honors granted to individuals despite a lack of jurisdiction. Emeritus ecclesiastics are counted among the latter."}
{"id": "doc1587280", "text": "\"Julia\" was originally released as the final song on side two of The Beatles on 22 November 1968.[7] In 1976, it was released as the B-side of the \"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da\" single.[8] In 1988 \"Julia\" was one of the nine Beatles songs on the soundtrack album Imagine: John Lennon."}
{"id": "doc1587500", "text": "In R\u00e9gate \u00e0 Argenteuil (1872), Monet used two complementary colours together \u2014 blue and orange \u2014 to brighten the effect of both colours."}
{"id": "doc1587502", "text": "In Vincent van Gogh's Irises, the blue irises are placed against their complementary colour, yellow-orange."}
{"id": "doc1587504", "text": "Wheatfield Under Thunderclouds (July 1890), one of the last paintings by Vincent van Gogh. He wrote of cobalt blue, \"there is nothing so beautiful for putting atmosphere around things.\""}
{"id": "doc1588653", "text": "Circles in a Circle, 1923"}
{"id": "doc1588867", "text": "The Greatest American Hero is an American comedy-drama superhero television series that aired for three seasons from 1981 to 1983 on ABC.[1] Created by producer Stephen J. Cannell, it premiered as a two-hour pilot movie on March 18, 1981.[1] The series features William Katt as teacher Ralph Hinkley (\"Hanley\" for the latter part of the first season), Robert Culp as FBI agent Bill Maxwell, and Connie Sellecca as lawyer Pam Davidson.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1589174", "text": "By the early 1990s, there was a consensus in human development theory and ecological economics that growth in money supply was actually reflective of a loss of well-being: that lacks of essential natural and social services were being paid for in cash and that this was expanding the economy but degrading life.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1589180", "text": "Hicks (1946) pointed out that the practical purpose of calculating income is to indicate the maximum amount that people can produce and consume without undermining their capacity to produce and consume the same amount in the future. From a national income perspective, it is necessary to answer the following question: \"Can a nation's entire GDP be consumed without undermining its ability to produce and consume the same GDP in the future?\" This question is largely ignored in contemporary economics but fits under the idea of sustainability."}
{"id": "doc1589706", "text": "According to a different hypothesis, the name Syria might be derived from \"Sirion\"[14] (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05b4\u05c2\u05e8\u05b0\u05d9\u05b9\u0591\u05df\u200e \u0160iry\u00f4n,[note 1] meaning \"breastplate\")[note 2][17][18], the name that the Phoenicians (especially Sidonians) gave to Mount Hermon,[19][note 3] firstly[citation needed] mentioned in an Ugaritic poem about Baal and Anath:"}
{"id": "doc1589709", "text": "In the Roman Empire, Syria and Assyria came to be used as distinct geographical terms. \"Syria\" in the Roman Empire period referred to those parts of the Empire situated between Asia Minor and Egypt, i.e. the western Levant, while \"Assyria\" in northern Iraq, southeast Turkey and northeast Syria was part of the Persian Empire as Athura, and only very briefly came under Roman control (116\u00e2\u20ac\u201c118 AD, marking the historical peak of Roman expansion), where it was known as Assyria Provincia."}
{"id": "doc1589726", "text": "In February 2018, the NCAA approved a number of experimental rule changes for use in this tournament:[2]"}
{"id": "doc1590438", "text": "The majority of filming took place in Bristol, Rhode Island and Woonsocket, Rhode Island.[2] The only spoken reference to the actual location where filming took place is when the newspaper reporter Teddy states he works for the Woonsocket Call (Woonsocket's daily newspaper)."}
{"id": "doc1590467", "text": "In the Norman dialect J\u00e8rriais, the French phoneme /r/ is realized as /\u00f0/, and is spelled \u27e8th\u27e9 under the influence of English."}
{"id": "doc1592912", "text": "One last major event held annually in the Las Cruces area is the lighting of the Mesilla Plaza. Every Christmas Eve, the historic plaza of Mesilla is lined with thousands of luminarias, which are brown bags containing candles and weighted sand. The evening consistently attracts locals and tourists.[40]"}
{"id": "doc1594148", "text": "On September 24, 2008, the third game in the series, Emily's Tea Garden, was released. The game was similar to the second game, its only changes being a greater variety of dishes and reservations, as well as mini-game in which the player collects mice."}
{"id": "doc1594219", "text": "A time-management game with a fly attendant theme. The estimated release is on August 2018."}
{"id": "doc1595692", "text": "After the disputed Presidential election of 1876 between Democratic Samuel J. Tilden, governor of New York, and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, governor of Ohio, a national agreement between Democratic and Republican factions was negotiated, resulting in the Compromise of 1877. Under the compromise, Democrats conceded the election to Hayes and promised to acknowledge the political rights of blacks; Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South and promised to appropriate a portion of federal monies toward Southern projects."}
{"id": "doc1597244", "text": "Lionel is sentenced to prison for his parents' murder in season four.[13] Lionel attempts to switch bodies with Lex using a stone from Clark's homeworld of Krypton but Clark intervenes and Lionel switches bodies with Clark instead. When he and Clark switch back, Lionel discovers his terminal liver disease is healed.[14] Lionel is released from prison by Genevieve Teague (Jane Seymour), and begins searching for three stones of knowledge. During this quest, Lionel falls into a catatonic state after being uploaded with Kryptonian knowledge.[15] Lionel recovers from his catatonic state in season five when the Kryptonian artificial intelligence Jor-El takes over his body to speak with Clark.[16] With Jor-El guiding him, Lionel begins helping Clark by making excuses for Clark's behavior and unexplained disappearances throughout seasons five and six.[17] Season seven revealed that Lionel and three other wealthy families formed the secret society called Veritas to protect an alien visitor known as the Traveler (Clark). When the secret is uncovered, Lex murders his father, realizing he has been covering up the Traveler's existence.[18]"}
{"id": "doc1597410", "text": "During one of Lenny Bruce's performances in 1966, he said he was arrested for saying nine words, and says them in alphabetical order: ass, balls, cocksucker, cunt, fuck, motherfucker, piss, shit, tits.[3] The last seven words are the same as George Carlin's."}
{"id": "doc1598856", "text": "From 1957 to 1958, Wayne appeared as Walter on the CBS sitcom Mr. Adams and Eve, starring Howard Duff and Ida Lupino as a fictitious acting couple living in Beverly Hills. Other television work included the baseball teleplay Rookie of the Year (1955), directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne, and Flashing Spikes (1962), a baseball television anthology installment directed by Ford and starring James Stewart, with John Wayne in an extended cameo role. Patrick Wayne played similar roles in both shows as baseball players."}
{"id": "doc1599042", "text": "The colon is also used as part of the ?: conditional operator in C and other[quantify] languages."}
{"id": "doc1599335", "text": "The folk song \"Salisbury Plain\" - concerning highway robbery - was collected by Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1904.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1599727", "text": "In the first Sex and the City movie, she breaks up with him in the end after having relocated her business to LA but missing New York City and Carrie, Miranda, and Charlotte."}
{"id": "doc1599987", "text": "As early as 1833, Statesville's leaders began laying track for railroads to connect the Piedmont area of North Carolina with the rest of the country."}
{"id": "doc1600089", "text": "The Michigan Legislature consists of a 38-member Senate and 110-member House of Representatives. Members of both houses of the legislature are elected through first past the post elections by single-member electoral districts of near-equal population that often have boundaries which coincide with county and municipal lines. Senators serve four-year terms concurrent to those of the governor, while representatives serve two-year terms. The Michigan State Capitol was dedicated in 1879 and has hosted the executive and legislative branches of the state ever since."}
{"id": "doc1601162", "text": "A number of similar songs were found in Kentucky and Virginia in the early 20th century. English folk song collector Cecil Sharp collected four versions of the song in 1917-1918 as \"In Old Virginny\", which were published in 1932 in English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians.[2] The lyrics were different in details from Burnett's but similar in tone. In a version from 1918 by Mrs Frances Richards, who probably learnt it from her father, the first verse is nearly identical to Burnett/Arthur's version, with minor changes and Virginia substituting for Kentucky.[4][7] The song is thought to be related to several songs such as \"East Virginia Blues\".[7] Norman Lee Vass of Virginia claimed his brother Mat wrote the song in the 1890s, and the Virginia versions of the song show some relationship to Vass's version, even though his melody and most of his verses are unique. It is thought that this variant was influenced by \"Come All You Fair and Tender Ladies\"/\"The Little Sparrow\".[4][5]"}
{"id": "doc1601611", "text": "That is, the total Members of Parliament (Elected) = Lok Sabha (543) + Rajya Sabha (233) = 776"}
{"id": "doc1602350", "text": "As established by the Judiciary Act of 1869, the Court normally consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices who are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The justices base their decisions on their interpretation of both legal doctrine and the precedential application of laws in the past. In most cases, interpreting the law is relatively clear-cut and the justices decide unanimously. However, in more complicated or controversial cases, the Court is often divided."}
{"id": "doc1602743", "text": "When Roman threatens to expose Niebaum in an open window, leaving him vulnerable to sniper fire, Niebaum admits that Roenick gave him wiretaps implicating three of Roman's squad mates, Hellman, Allen, and Argento in the embezzlement scheme. When Niebaum confronted the guilty officers, he received a bribe from them to cover up their crimes. They offered Roenick the same money, but when he refused to take it, their inside ringleader murdered him. Niebaum says he doesn't know who the ringleader is, but that he has the taps corroborating the three officers' guilt. The same corrupt officers have secretly entered the room via the air vents under the pretext of being part of a team to take Roman out in case he started killing hostages; upon hearing Niebaum's confession, they open fire and kill Niebaum before he can reveal where he has hidden the wiretaps. Roman single-handedly fends them and the rest of his squad off, using the flashbangs he seized from the two officers in the previous failed breach."}
{"id": "doc1603039", "text": "The tables contain the prime factorization of the natural numbers from 1 to 1000."}
{"id": "doc1603040", "text": "When n is a prime number, the prime factorization is just n itself, written in bold below."}
{"id": "doc1604550", "text": "The human retina is a thin tissue composed of neural cells that is located in the posterior portion of the eye. Because of the complex structure of the capillaries that supply the retina with blood, each person's retina is unique. The network of blood vessels in the retina is not entirely genetically determined and thus even identical twins do not share a similar pattern."}
{"id": "doc1604800", "text": "As of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final,"}
{"id": "doc1606329", "text": "After 1869, the Southern Pacific Railroad and Northwestern Pacific Railroad led the expansion of the railway network further into the American West, and many of the Chinese who had built the transcontinental railroad remained active in building the railways.[47] After several projects were completed, many of the Chinese workers relocated and looked for employment elsewhere, such as in farming, manufacturing firms, garment industries, and paper mills. However, widespread anti-Chinese discrimination and violence from whites, including riots and murders, drove many into self-employment."}
{"id": "doc1606435", "text": "He appeared in the 1982 TV movie Rooster, and appeared in the last week of the game show Whew! His extensive television credits include two years as Tony Cumson on Falcon Crest (1982, 1986-1988) as well as the recurring role of Rashid Ahmed on Dynasty (1982-1984). He appeared twice, in different roles, in The A-Team in 1983 and 1985. He played the role of Captain Radl in the two-part Wonder Woman episode \"The Feminine Mystique\" in 1976."}
{"id": "doc1608174", "text": "The inferior colliculi of the midbrain are located just below the visual processing centers known as the superior colliculi. The inferior colliculus is the first place where vertically orienting data from the fusiform cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus can finally synapse with horizontally orienting data. Sound location data thus becomes fully integrated by the inferior colliculus."}
{"id": "doc1609886", "text": "Attempts to produce an adaption of \"The Snow Queen\" in the Disney studio dated back to 1943, when Walt Disney considered collaborating with Samuel Goldwyn to produce a biography film of Hans Christian Andersen. However, the story and particularly the Snow Queen character proved to be too problematic to Disney and his animators. Namely one of the troubles they encountered was that the original story lacked necessary interaction between the main protagonist, Gerda (who later served as an inspiration for Anna), and the Snow Queen. Most obviously, Andersen's version did not feature any confrontation between them: when brave little Gerda enters the Snow Queen's ice castle and sheds her tears on Kay, the Snow Queen is nowhere to be seen. There just was not enough character conflict to form a full-length feature.[2] Later on, Glen Keane, Paul and Ga\u00ebtan Brizzi, Harvey Fierstein, Dick Zondag and Dave Goetz were among other Disney executives to make efforts towards translating this potential material to the big screen, but none of them made their way. Around 2008, Chris Buck pitched Disney his version of The Snow Queen. At the time, the project was planned to be traditionally animated under the name of Anna and the Snow Queen. However, by early 2010, the project encountered the same problem and was stuck again.[3] Jennifer Lee, Frozen's co-director, later recalled, \"The issue with the original for us in a lot of ways is it's a very symbolic story. It's very hard to translate symbolism into concrete things. Film is concrete, so you translate it.\"[4]"}
{"id": "doc1609902", "text": "Anna is the younger child in the royal family of Arendelle, whose older sister, Elsa is born with the power to create and control ice and snow. As children, they enjoy the life of princesses using Elsa's abilities to create a winter wonderland for their enjoyment. After they create a snowman named Olaf in the throne room, Elsa accidentally strikes Anna unconscious with her magic. The king and queen hurriedly take Anna to the mountain trolls for help. The troll king, Pabbie, erases Anna's memory of her sister's magic, nulling Elsa's power, only leaving memory of the fun the sisters shared. Pabbie warns Elsa to control her powers\u00e2\u20ac\u201da strike to Anna's heart would have been fatal. In an effort to protect Anna, the king and queen lock the castle gates and generally restrict Elsa to her new separate bedroom. Confused by the sudden loss of contact by Elsa, Anna makes repeated failed attempts to draw her out of her room. Elsa cares too much for her sister, traumatized by the near-death experience and she resists reconnecting with Anna. Eventually, the younger sister ceases trying to rekindle their bond. The sisters become even more isolated from each other after their parents, the King and Queen of Arendelle, die in a shipwreck. Devastated by the news, Anna tries to reunite with her sister, looking for love and comfort in the tragedy. Elsa remains in her room, not attending her parents' funeral."}
{"id": "doc1612316", "text": "Clyde agrees to the plan, and he and Jimmy recruit Joe Bang (Daniel Craig), a convicted safecracker, as well as Joe's dimwitted brothers Sam and Fish (Brian Gleeson & Jack Quaid), and their own sister Mellie (Riley Keough). They plan to break Joe out of prison and return him as soon as the heist is complete before anyone notices. Clyde gets sent to prison on a minor charge. Mellie, Sam, and Fish infest the Speedway's main vault with cockroaches, forcing it to be cleaned and allowing them to measure it. While gathering supplies, Jimmy meets former schoolmate Sylvia (Katherine Waterston), who runs a mobile clinic in desperate need of donations; Sylvia provides Jimmy with a tetanus shot and the two strike up a conversation. Later, Jimmy learns that construction at the speedway is being finished ahead of schedule, forcing them to commit the heist earlier, during the much busier Coca-Cola 600 race on Memorial Day weekend."}
{"id": "doc1612364", "text": "Robinson was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a music teacher mother and an attorney father.[1][2] He was raised on the South Side of Chicago, and was brought up Methodist.[3] He attended Whitney M. Young Magnet High School. He received his undergraduate degree from Illinois State University in 1994, and his masters of education from Saint Xavier University. He was a music teacher at Horace Mann Elementary School in Chicago.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1612515", "text": "Woody made a cameo in the outtakes of Pixar's 1998 film A Bug's Life as a crew member, clapping the upside-down clapperboard. Then he appeared in the Andy's room sequence of Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins where he was voiced by Jim Hanks (Tom Hanks' Brother), and the Andy's room intro of the Buzz Lightyear of Star Command television series as a cameo. Later, he appeared in the end credit epilogue of Pixar's 2006 movie Cars as a toy station wagon, along with Buzz and Hamm. He also appeared in the theatrical shorts, Hawaiian Vacation (released with the 2011 Pixar film Cars 2), Small Fry (released with The Muppets), and Partysaurus Rex (released with the 3D re-release of Pixar's 2003 film Finding Nemo). He also appears in Toy Story of Terror! and Toy Story That Time Forgot. Woody (voiced by Tom Hanks) has appeared and presented at the 68th, the 72nd, and 88th Academy Awards. Woody appeared in the 2017 Family Guy episode The Finer Strings in a cutaway gag set up by Stewie Griffin. The gag involves him walking in on Buzz and Bo Peep making out. Woody also appeared in the 2007 film Meet the Robinsons along with Jessie and Bullseye. He is slated to appear in the upcoming Kingdom Hearts III where Tom Hanks will reprise his role as Woody with Tim Allen as the voice of Buzz Lightyear. Woody and Buzz recently appeared as Pinatas in Pixar's newest movie Coco, along with Mike from the Monsters, Inc. series."}
{"id": "doc1612520", "text": "It was revealed in August 2009 by Lee Unkrich that Woody's official last name is \"Pride\".[3] Unkrich stated in his Twitter feed that \"Woody's actual full name is \"Woody Pride\", and has been since the earliest days of developing the original Toy Story.\"[4]"}
{"id": "doc1612525", "text": "Tom Hanks's vocal performance as Sheriff Woody was received positively by film critics. Susan Wloszczyna of USA Today approved of the selection of Hanks for the lead role of Woody.[6] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times stated that Tom Hanks \"brings an invaluable heft and believability to Woody.\"[7] In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named Woody one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1612682", "text": "The difference in names between the two figures may be deceptive. Vortimer might be not a proper name but an epithet or a title.[3] Etymologically the name of \"Vortigern\", Vortimer's father, seems to derive from \"vor\" (over) and a term for \"chieftain\" or \"king\". The meaning would be \"overking\". Similarly \"Vortimer\" may derive from the older Celtic \"Vortamorix\". In this case \"vor\" means \"over\", \"tamo\" is a superlative suffix, and rix means \"king\". \"Rix\" is a cognate to Latin \"rex\" which has the same meaning.[3] The meaning of \"Vortimer\" would be \"over-most king\" or \"highest king\", a synonym for \"high king\".[3]"}
{"id": "doc1614582", "text": "There were four unattested kings who ruled as satraps to the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the Median Empire."}
{"id": "doc1615533", "text": "Similarly, the word \"Bess\" is commonly held to either derive from the word arquebus or blunderbuss (predecessors of the musket) or to be a reference to Elizabeth I, possibly given to commemorate her death. The OED has citations for \"brown musket\" dating back to the early 18th century that refer to the same weapon. Another suggestion is that the name is simply the counterpart to the earlier Brown Bill."}
{"id": "doc1615976", "text": "Zoey 101 is an American comedy-drama television series which originally aired on Nickelodeon from January 9, 2005 until May 2, 2008. It focuses on the lives of teenager Zoey Brooks (Jamie Lynn Spears), her brother Dustin (Paul Butcher), and her friends as they attend Pacific Coast Academy (PCA), a fictional boarding school in Southern California. The series was created by Dan Schneider. It was initially filmed at Pepperdine University in Malibu, California, then at stages in Valencia, California beginning in season 3. It was nominated for an \"Outstanding Children's Program\" Emmy in 2005.[2] Zoey 101 was the most expensive production ever for a Nickelodeon series, as it was shot completely on location in Malibu.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1616053", "text": "Also notable is the Sanctuary of Las Nazarenas, the point of origin for the Lord of Miracles, whose festivities in the month of October constitute the city's most important religious event. Some sections of the Walls remain and are frequented by tourists. These examples of medieval Spanish fortifications were built to defend the city from attacks by pirates and privateers.[80]"}
{"id": "doc1616280", "text": "Tangled premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on November 14, 2010, and went into general release on November 24. The film has an 89% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes and earned $591 million in worldwide box office revenue,[6] $200 million of which was earned in the United States and Canada. The film was nominated for a number of awards, including Best Original Song at the 83rd Academy Awards. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 29, 2011; a short film, Tangled Ever After, was released later in 2012 and a television series premiered in 2017."}
{"id": "doc1616338", "text": "Some genes are modulated by activators, which have the opposite effect on gene expression as repressors. Inducers can also bind to activator proteins, allowing them to bind to the operator DNA where they promote RNA transcription."}
{"id": "doc1616342", "text": "In the ara operon, arabinose is the inducer."}
{"id": "doc1616722", "text": "One of Martindale's first television roles came in the miniseries Lonesome Dove. A series of character and guest appearances followed in a wide range of TV shows. Martindale played recurring character Camilla Figg on the first three seasons of Dexter and had a recurring role in the A&E courtroom drama 100 Centre Street with Alan Arkin. From 2007 to 2008, she had a recurring role as Nina Burns, a neighbor of the Malloy/\"Rich\" family in The Riches with Minnie Driver and Eddie Izzard.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1616763", "text": "Throughout the English-speaking world, but especially the United States, the name is sometimes derived from other, often longer, European names (e.g. the Italian \"Campesi\" or the Dutch \"Van de Kamp\") which were changed during the process of cultural assimilation. Camp can also be a shortening or anglicizing of similar French names, such as \"de Camp\" and \"du Camp\"."}
{"id": "doc1617178", "text": "At the start of season eight, it is revealed that Chloe was not arrested by DDS, but Lex's security personnel impersonating DDS agents. While subjected to their tests, Chloe discovers that her altercation with Brainiac has apparently caused to her to lose her meteor-related powers, but instilled two new abilities: vast super intelligence and technopathy.[21] Returning to Smallville, Chloe reopens the Isis Foundation. Though she loves Jimmy, she finds herself attracted to paramedic Davis Bloome (Samuel Witwer). In the episode \"Abyss\", Brainiac's infestation causes Chloe to lose her memories. Clark takes Chloe to his biological father Jor-El, who restores her memories.[22] After Chloe marries Jimmy in \"Bride\", she is kidnapped by Doomsday, a genetically engineered killing machine bent on destroying Earth and becomes Brainiac's vessel once again.[23] Brainiac attempts to drain the world of all its human knowledge but is stopped and removed from Chloe's body by the Legion, superheroes from the future, in \"Legion\".[24] In \"Hex\", Chloe assumes the codename Watchtower full time because she feels her life needs more meaning.[25] Chloe discovers that Davis is Doomsday in \"Eternal\". She attempts to assist Davis' suicide using kryptonite; when this fails, she stays by his side in order to keep Doomsday under control.[26] In the episode \"Beast\", she and Davis leave town together; Chloe reasons it will protect Clark.[27] In the season eight finale, she uses black kryptonite to separate Davis from Doomsday; Clark buries Doomsday beneath Metropolis. However, when Davis discovers that Chloe is still in love with Jimmy, he stabs Jimmy and attempts to kill Chloe; Jimmy impales him on a metal rod, and they both die. Chloe vows to keep the Watchtower Jimmy gave her as a wedding gift open, in the hope that all lost heroes\u2014namely Oliver and his team\u2014will find their way home.[28]"}
{"id": "doc1617179", "text": "At the start of the ninth season, using Oliver's money, Chloe transforms the Watchtower into an information fortress and superhero headquarters.[29] In this capacity, she acquires a rival in Tess's computer expert Stuart Campbell (Ryan McDonell);[30] her status as superhero information broker also makes her a target for Checkmate bosses Amanda Waller (Pam Grier) and Maxwell Lord (Gil Bellows).[31] Over the course of the season, she grows romantically close to Oliver.[32] In the season ten premi\u00c3\u00a8re, when Oliver is kidnapped by Suicide Squad leader Rick Flag (Ted Whittall), Chloe risks her own sanity by putting on the helmet of Doctor Fate to learn his location. With the information acquired from Fate's helmet, she organizes a switch for Oliver; in Flag's captivity, Chloe fakes suicide and goes off-the-grid.[33] Chloe returns in \"Collateral\", and reveals that she has been helping Clark, Oliver, and the rest of the heroes while in hiding, having blackmailed the Suicide Squad into helping her. Afterward, she resumes her relationships with the show's protagonists.[34] In the episode \"Fortune\", Chloe decides to move to Star City to return to journalism following her marriage to Oliver Queen.[35] In a flashforward in the series finale, Chloe is now the mother to a young boy, but remains in touch with Clark and Lois.[36][37]"}
{"id": "doc1617211", "text": "The coronation of Elizabeth II took place on 2 June 1953 at Westminster Abbey, London.[1] Elizabeth ascended the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of her father, George VI, on 6 February 1952, being proclaimed queen by her privy and executive councils shortly afterwards. The coronation was held more than one year later because of the tradition of allowing an appropriate length of time to pass after a monarch dies before holding such festivals. It also gave the planning committees adequate time to make preparations for the ceremony. During the service, Elizabeth took an oath, was anointed with holy oil, invested with robes and regalia, and crowned Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).[2]"}
{"id": "doc1617231", "text": "With the benediction read, Elizabeth moved to the throne and the Archbishop of Canterbury and all the Bishops offered to her their fealty, after which, while the choir sang, the peers of the United Kingdom\u2014led by the royal peers: the Queen's husband; Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester; and Prince Edward, Duke of Kent\u2014each proceeded, in order of precedence, to pay their personal homage and allegiance to Elizabeth."}
{"id": "doc1617247", "text": "Given that Earth's own axis of rotation is tilted about 23.5\u00c2\u00b0 to the line perpendicular to its orbital plane, called the ecliptic, the length of daytime varies with the seasons on the planet's surface, depending on the observer's latitude. Areas tilted toward the Sun are experiencing summer. Their tilt toward the Sun leads to more than half of the day seeing daylight and warmer temperatures, due to the higher directness of solar rays, the longer period of daytime itself, and less absorption of sunlight in the atmosphere. While increased daylight can have some effect on the higher temperatures in the summer, most of temperature rise results from the directness of the Sun, not the increased daylight. The high angles (around the zenith) of the Sun causes the tropics to be warm, while low angles (barely above the horizon) causes the polar regions to be cold. The slight effect of daylight hours on average seasonal temperature can be seen with the poles and tropical regions. The poles are still cold during their respective summers, despite seeing 24 hours of daylight for six months, while the Equator remains warm throughout the year, with only 12 hours of daylight per day."}
{"id": "doc1617248", "text": "Although the daytime length at the Equator remains 12 hours in all seasons, the duration at all other latitudes varies with the seasons. During the winter, daytime lasts shorter than 12 hours; during the summer, it lasts longer than 12 hours. Northern winter and southern summer concur, while northern summer and southern winter concur."}
{"id": "doc1617390", "text": "Leonardo da Vinci (1452\u20131519) is believed to be the first to recognize the special optical qualities of the eye. He wrote \"The function of the human eye ... was described by a large number of authors in a certain way. But I found it to be completely different.\" His main experimental finding was that there is only a distinct and clear vision at the line of sight\u2014the optical line that ends at the fovea. Although he did not use these words literally he actually is the father of the modern distinction between foveal and peripheral vision.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1618094", "text": "In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term \"climate change\" often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming. In some cases, the term is also used with a presumption of human causation, as in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC uses \"climate variability\" for non-human caused variations.[55]"}
{"id": "doc1618372", "text": "Size readily distinguishes this species from most other raptors when it is seen well. Most other raptors are considerably smaller. Buteo hawks, which are perhaps most similar to the golden eagle in structure among the species outside of the \"booted eagle\" group, are often among the larger very common raptors. However, a mid-sized Buteo is dwarfed by a golden eagle, as an adult female eagle has about double the wingspan and about five times the weight. Buteos are also usually distinctly paler below, although some species occur in dark morphs which can be darker than a golden eagle.[5][29] Among raptorial birds that share the golden eagle's range, only some Old World vultures and the California condor are distinctly larger, with longer, broader wings, typically held more evenly in a slower, less forceful flight; they often have dramatically different colour patterns. In North America, the golden eagle may be confused with the turkey vulture from a great distance, as it is a large species that, like the golden eagle, often flies with a pronounced dihedral. The turkey vulture can be distinguished by its less controlled, forceful flying style and its smaller, thinner body, much smaller head and, at closer range, its slaty black-brown colour and silvery wing secondaries.[30] Compared to Haliaeetus eagles, the golden eagle has wings that are only somewhat more slender but are more hawk-like and lack the flat, plank-like wing positioning seen in the other genus.[30] Large northern Haliaeetus species usually have a larger bill and larger head which protrudes more distinctly than a golden eagle\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s in flight. The tail of the golden eagle is longer on average than those of Haliaeetus eagles, appearing to be two or three times the length of the head in soaring flight, whereas in the other eagles the head is often more than twice the length of the tail.[30] Confusion is most likely between juvenile Haliaeetus and golden eagles, as the adult golden has a more solidly golden-brown coloration and all Haliaeetus eagles have obvious distinctive plumages as adults. Haliaeetus eagles are often heavily streaked in their juvenile phase. Juvenile golden eagles can have large patches of white on their wings and tail that are quite different from the random, sometimes large and splotchy-looking distribution of white typical of juvenile Haliaeetus.[5][30]"}
{"id": "doc1618374", "text": "This species was first described by Linnaeus in his 1758 Systema naturae as Falco chrysaetos.[31] Since birds were grouped largely on superficial characteristics at that time, many species were grouped by Linnaeus in the genus Falco. The type locality was given simply as \"Europa\"; it was later fixed to Sweden. It was moved to the new genus Aquila by French ornithologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.[32] Aquila is Latin for \"eagle\", possibly derived from aquilus, \"dark in colour\" and chrysaetos is Ancient Greek for the golden eagle from khrusos, \"gold\" and aetos, \"eagle\".[33]"}
{"id": "doc1618376", "text": "There are six extant subspecies of golden eagle that differ slightly in size and plumage. Individuals of any race are somewhat variable and the differences between subspecies are clinal, especially in terms of body size. Other than these characteristics, there is little variation across the range of the species.[5] Some recent studies have gone so far as to propose that only two subspecies be recognized based on genetic markers: Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos (including A. c. homeyeri) and A. c. canadensis (including the races A. c. japonica, A. c. daphanea and A. c. kamtschatica).[40]"}
{"id": "doc1619342", "text": "Originally titled \u201cWe Are the Low\u201d, the song began life as an instrumental during the Parklife sessions.\nIn the guitar solo, Graham Coxon played three solos, including one of him sat in front of his amp, turned up to maximum volume.[1]\nAccording to bassist Alex James, Damon Albarn was finding it hard to write lyrics. In his autobiography, 'A Bit of a Blur', he revealed that \"for Christmas I bought him a handkerchief with a map of the shipping forecast regions on it... you can never tell where the muse is going to appear.\"[2] \u201cWe always found the shipping        forecast soothing,\u201d James explained. \u201cWe used to listen to it [on the American tour] to remind us of home. It\u2019s  very good for a hangover. Good cure for insomnia, too.\u201d[1]  On 4 February 1994, the penultimate day of official recording, Albarn was due to go into hospital for a hernia operation. Pressured to come up with the lyrics, Albarn took advantage of the map James had given him. \u201cI\u2019d had this line \u2013 \u2018And into the sea go pretty England and me\u2019 \u2013 for a long time\", Albarn revealed. \"So I started at the Bay of Biscay. Back for tea. \u2018Tea\u2019 rhymes with \u2018me\u2019. And then I went \u2018Hit traffic on the Dogger Bank\u2019. \u2018Bank\u2019 \u2013 \u2018rank\u2019 \u2013 so \u2018up the Thames to find a taxi rank\u2019. And I just        went round.\u201d[1]"}
{"id": "doc1619495", "text": "O son, how many bodies have we to pass through, how many bands of demons, through how many series of repetitions and cycles of the stars, before we hasten to the One alone?[47]"}
{"id": "doc1619642", "text": "In the early days of rail transport in the US, railroads tended to be built out from coastal cities into the hinterland, and systems did not initially connect. Each builder was free to choose its own gauge, although the availability of British-built locomotives encouraged some railroads to be built to standard gauge. As a general rule, southern railroads were built to one or another broad gauge, mostly 5\u00a0ft (1,524\u00a0mm), while northern railroads that were not standard gauge tended to be narrow gauge. Most of the original track in Ohio was built in 4\u00a0ft\u00a010\u00a0in (1,473\u00a0mm) Ohio gauge, and special \"compromise cars\" were able to run on both this track and standard gauge track.[4] When American railroads' track extended to the point that they began to interconnect, it became clear that a single nationwide gauge was desirable."}
{"id": "doc1619770", "text": "Most elections in the U.S. select one person;  elections with multiple candidates selected by proportional representation are relatively rare.  Typical examples include the U.S. House of Representatives, whose members are elected by a plurality of votes in single-member districts.  The number of representatives from each state is set in proportion to each state's population in the most recent decennial census. District boundaries are usually redrawn after each such census.  This process often produces \"gerrymandered\" district boundaries designed to increase and secure the majority of the party in power, sometimes by offering secure seats to members of the opposition party. This is one of a number of institutional features that increase the advantage of incumbents seeking reelection.  The United States Senate and the U.S. President are also elected by plurality.  However, these elections are not affected by gerrymandering (with the possible exception of presidential races in Maine and Nebraska, whose electoral votes are partially allocated by Congressional district.[1])"}
{"id": "doc1620572", "text": "\u010cech started the opening game of Chelsea's 2011\u201312 Premier League season away to Stoke City, which ended 0\u20130. On 18 August 2011, \u010cech was ruled out for up to four weeks after he sustained a knee injury in training.[65] He made his return three weeks later against Sunderland in which Chelsea won 2\u20131. He kept a clean sheet in Chelsea's first Champions League match of the season in a 2\u20130 win over Bayer Leverkusen. On 27 February, \u010cech was announced as the Czech Footballer of the Year for 2011, winning the award for the fifth time.[66] On 24 March, \u010cech played his 250th league game for Chelsea against Tottenham Hotspur in a 0\u20130 draw at Stamford Bridge.[67] \u010cech saved a penalty in extra time against former teammate Arjen Robben, and two penalties in the subsequent penalty shootout, of the 2012 Champions League final against Bayern Munich resulting in the first Champions League win for Chelsea.[68] \u010cech was named the Fans' Man of the Match following his heroic performance in goal for The Blues.[69] By winning the Champions League, \u010cech became just the fourth Czech to win the competition.[70] He finished the season by signing a new four-year contract with Chelsea in May, keeping him with the club until the end of the 2015\u201316 season.[71]"}
{"id": "doc1622317", "text": "In January 2009, filmmaker Neil Jordan signed on to write and direct a film adaptation to Miramax. In April 2012, Walt Disney Pictures acquired the rights and hired Henry Selick, director of The Nightmare Before Christmas and the film adaptation of Gaiman's novel Coraline, to direct The Graveyard Book.[28] After the studio and Selick parted ways over scheduling and development, it was announced in January 2013 that Ron Howard will direct the film.[29]"}
{"id": "doc1623079", "text": "The college has been recognized by AICTE as a center for the Quality Improvement Programme. In 1972, the college established an industrial estate with 69 sheds with the objective of encouraging entrepreneurs and creating additional revenue."}
{"id": "doc1623337", "text": "The United States civil service began to run on the spoils system in 1829 when Andrew Jackson became president. The assassination of United States President James A. Garfield by a disappointed office seeker in 1881 proved its dangers. President Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau who believed that the president owed him a civil service position and in not giving him the position, threatened the very being of the republican party. Two years later, the system of appointments to the United States federal bureaucracy was revamped by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which made the merit system common practice. The merit system determines the fitness of the candidate by the ability to pass a written competitive examination, given by a commission of examiners. The answers submitted by candidates must be unsigned, so as to obviate the possibility of favoritism on the part of the examiners. A list is made of the successful candidates, arranged in the order of their merit as shown by the results of the examination. Appointments must be made from this eligible list in the order of rank unless good cause can be shown why one of higher rank should be set aside for one standing lower on the list.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1623526", "text": "By 1930, most interurbans were gone. A few survived into the 1950s. Oliver Jensen, author of American Heritage History of Railroads in America, wrote \"...the automobile doomed the interurban whose private tax paying tracks could never compete with the highways that a generous government provided for the motorist.\"[2][page\u00c2\u00a0needed]"}
{"id": "doc1623534", "text": "Many financially weak interurbans did not survive the 1920s; others went bankrupt during the Great Depression. A few struggling lines tried combining to form much larger systems in an attempt to gain operating efficiency and a broader customer base. This occurred in Ohio in year 1930 with the long Cincinnati & Lake Erie Railroad (C&LE), and in Indiana with the very widespread Indiana Railroad. Both had limited success up to 1937\u20131938 primarily from growing revenues earned from freight.[18] The 130-mile (210\u00a0km) long Sacramento Northern Railway stopped carrying passengers in 1940 but continued hauling freight using heavy electric locomotives into the 1960s.[19]"}
{"id": "doc1624145", "text": "Colorado is represented by seven Representatives to the United States House of Representatives:"}
{"id": "doc1625591", "text": "She was nominated for the 2006 BAFTA Award for Actress in a Supporting Role for her work on the film version of The History Boys."}
{"id": "doc1626453", "text": "This title was released in 1997. This game is intended to teach language arts for kids age 9-12. The game features Chase Devineaux."}
{"id": "doc1628841", "text": "After the Gatling gun was replaced in service by newer recoil or gas-operated weapons, the approach of using multiple externally powered rotating barrels fell into disuse for many decades. However, some examples were developed during the interwar years, but only existed as prototypes or were rarely used. The concept resurfaced after World War II with the development of the Minigun and the M61 Vulcan. Many other versions of the Gatling gun were built from the late 20th century to the present, the largest of these being the 30mm GAU-8 Avenger autocannon."}
{"id": "doc1629552", "text": "This song was written for Noel Gay's show The Little Dog Laughed, which opened on 11 October 1939, at a time when most of the major London theatres were closed. It was a popular song during World War II, especially after Flanagan and Allen changed the lyrics to poke fun at the Germans (e.g. Run Adolf, Run Adolf, Run, Run, Run........)"}
{"id": "doc1629620", "text": "The idea that human use of petroleum faces sustainability limits attracted practical concern at least as early as the 1880s, as did the related idea that the timing of those limits depends on the extraction technology. The concept of exhausting a natural resource to a point of diminishing returns had some antecedent examples. During the same decades when the modern petroleum industry was launching, the New England whale oil industry had just experienced a peak and was grappling with decline."}
{"id": "doc1629783", "text": "The current 500 members of the National Assembly were elected during the 2016\n parliamentary election, and they have a five-year term. Despite foreign criticism, it is generally believed that the National Assembly has become more powerful in recent years.[41] The last election was held, according to the authorities, in a democratic, fair, lawful and safe manner and was considered a success. Voter turnout was 99.51 percent; nearly 62 million people voted. In their respective constituencies, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng, the General Secretary, was elected to the National Assembly with 85.63 percent of the votes, Prime Minister Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng was elected with 95.38 percent and President Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang was elected with 80.19 percent. Outside the ruling troika, it was Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Ph\u00fac, the Chairman of the Government Office, who was elected with the highest margin, with 94.59 percent of the votes. The number of self-nominated candidates was four times higher than the previous election.[42] Fifteen out of the 182 candidates nominated by the central government and the central party leadership were defeated in the elections. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Thu Ba, a member of the Party's Central Committee and Chairman of the Committee of Law during the 12th National Assembly (2007\u20132011), was not re-elected to the National Assembly. Several capitalists were elected to the assembly, but due to the socialist ideology of the state, they are not allowed to sit on the assembly's Committee on Economy and Budget.[43]"}
{"id": "doc1629806", "text": "One of at least nine significant changes made to the film specifically for the remake,[6] \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" was conceived to explain Belle's backstory. Her quest to find out her mother's fate serves, in the plot, as a foundation for her relationship with the Beast, who also lost his mother as a child.[2] In Beauty and the Beast, the song is first performed by Maurice (Kline) shortly after the opening act \"Belle\". Belle (Watson) arrives at their house in the village and peeps on her father crafting a music box.[1] He sings \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" and reminisces about his deceased wife and their life together in Paris. After he realizes his daughter is watching him, he quickly finishes the music box, which is modelled after him and his wife and avoids to answer any of Belle's questions about her mother. \"It's obvious that he's still holding on to her\", wrote Bustle's Olivia Truffaut-Wong.[2] This version was dubbed \"Music Box\" in the soundtrack listing."}
{"id": "doc1629944", "text": "On May 22, 2015, TLC suspended the series when the Duggars' eldest son Josh publicly apologized for having \"acted inexcusably\" following reports that he molested five girls, including some of his sisters, by fondling them. These events occurred in 2002 and 2003, when he was 14 to 15 years of age, and prior to the beginning of the show. On July 16, 2015, TLC (The Learning Channel) announced that the show was officially canceled and would not resume production.[10] A spin-off show, Counting On, aired in December 2015 and the fourth season premiered June 12, 2017.[11]"}
{"id": "doc1630632", "text": "2.6 sec.[35]"}
{"id": "doc1632075", "text": "^Note 1\u00c2\u00a0: Age at the time of filming."}
{"id": "doc1632177", "text": "In the Enchanted Forest, during the time of the ogre wars before the first curse was cast, a woman named Colette tells her daughter to hurry up so they can escape. The daughter is Belle, who was trying to retrieve her book, but as they attempt to flee, it is too late, as they are forced to hide under a table in their library. Unfortunately, an ogre finds them and attacks. The event turns out to be a nightmare for Belle, who wakes up and asks her father about what happened as she cannot remember. When Sir Maurice displays her mother's coffin, Belle screams, distraught because she can\u2019t remember what happened to her mother. Maurice says she won\u2019t find answers in a book; Belle disagrees, believing there are creatures that can restore memories. However, Maurice refuses to let Belle leave the castle, telling her that magic comes at a price and he can\u2019t lose her too. Unfortunately, after posting a \"Sorry\" letter to her father, Belle looks at a map and says she needs answers, and that it can be found in a place called Arendelle."}
{"id": "doc1632178", "text": "Meanwhile, in Arendelle, Anna shows up back home and Elsa asks what she found out about their parents, but Anna lies and says she found nothing. Anna then notices Elsa isn't making snowflakes and she tells her sister that she\u2019s learning how to get her magic under control. Elsa then introduces the Snow Queen to Anna as their aunt Ingrid, but Anna says their mother never mentioned having a sister. Ingrid explains she had been trapped in a magical urn by people who don\u2019t understand her, and demonstrates her magic as proof. Unconvinced, Anna tells Kristoff that she does not trust the Snow Queen, since there is no trace of her within the family portrait gallery or royal records, despite being reassured by Kristoff, who is still upset over postponing the wedding. Anna decides to visit Grand Pabbie and tells Kristoff to keep an eye on Elsa and Ingrid. Unknown to Anna, Ingrid has been eavesdropping on the conversation."}
{"id": "doc1632991", "text": "Principal photography took place in and around Los Angeles, California. Filming started on April 16, 2010 and lasted for fifty three days.[13] Locations included Westfield Century City mall, Ventura Boulevard, Hollywood Hills where Jacob's house is located, Taft High School in Woodland Hills, Portola Middle School in Tarzana and Grant High School in Van Nuys, which stood for Robbie and Jessica's campuses, El Torito Grill at the Sherman Oaks Galleria and Equinox Fitness in Woodland Hills, which became the sports club featured in the film.[5] Before editing, the original cut was three hours long.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1633397", "text": "In the relief, this triple miracle is dramatically represented. In the foreground, to the right, a Brahman ascetic has his axe raised to split the wood, but the axe will not descend until Buddha gives the word; then we see the axe driven home into the log. Similarly, a Brahman is engaged fanning the fire on an altar, but the fire will not burn until the Buddha permits it. Then we see the altar repeated and flames blazing upon it. The third phase of the miracle, that of the oblation, is indicated by the single figure of a Brahman holding an oblation spoon over a flaming altar.\nThe other figures in this panel, of two novices bringing wood and provisions, are mere accessories, while the stupa in the back ground, decorated with shell designs and surrounded by a square railing, serves to give local color to the scene.[84]"}
{"id": "doc1634190", "text": "The One Hundred Thirteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States Census. It first met in Washington, D.C. on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress."}
{"id": "doc1634950", "text": "An archangel /\u02cc\u0251\u02d0rk\u02c8e\u026and\u0292\u0259l/ is an angel of high rank. The word \"archangel\" itself is usually associated with the Abrahamic religions, but beings that are very similar to archangels are found in a number of religious traditions."}
{"id": "doc1635172", "text": "In 1983, \"C with Classes\" was renamed to \"C++\" (++ being the increment operator in C), adding new features that included virtual functions, function name and operator overloading, references, constants, type-safe free-store memory allocation (new/delete), improved type checking, and BCPL style single-line comments with two forward slashes (//). Furthermore, it included the development of a standalone compiler for C++, Cfront."}
{"id": "doc1635999", "text": "There are 435 congressional districts in the United States House of Representatives,[1] with each one representing approximately 711,000 people.[2] In addition to the 435 congressional districts, the five inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C. each send a non-voting delegate to the House of Representatives. The Census Bureau within the United States Department of Commerce conducts a decennial census whose figures are used to determine the number of Representatives that each state sends to Congress, and therefore the number of congressional districts within each state. The borders of those districts are set by the states, and within each state all districts are required to have approximately equal populations (see Wesberry v. Sanders). The 2012 elections were the first to be based on the congressional districts which were defined based on the 2010 Census data.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1637025", "text": "Forty-eight is the double factorial of 6,[1] a highly composite number.[2] Like all other multiples of 6, it is a semiperfect number.[3] 48 is the second 17-gonal number.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1637888", "text": "The Toy Story series consists of three CGI animated films: Toy Story (1995), Toy Story 2 (1999), and Toy Story 3 (2010). A fourth film, Toy Story 4, is in production and set for release in 2019. Toy Story was the first feature-length film to be made entirely using computer-generated imagery. The films were produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures."}
{"id": "doc1639229", "text": "Much memento mori art is associated with the Mexican festival Day of the Dead, including skull-shaped candies and bread loaves adorned with bread \"bones.\""}
{"id": "doc1639614", "text": "This sentence was written by Wallace's new speechwriter, Asa Earl Carter."}
{"id": "doc1640533", "text": "This can also be written using double quotes, e.g. #include \"stdio.h\". If the filename is enclosed within angle brackets, the file is searched for in the standard compiler include paths. If the filename is enclosed within double quotes, the search path is expanded to include the current source directory. C compilers and programming environments all have a facility which allows the programmer to define where include files can be found. This can be introduced through a command line flag, which can be parameterized using a makefile, so that a different set of include files can be swapped in for different operating systems, for instance."}
{"id": "doc1640554", "text": "Source code debuggers refer also to the source position defined with __FILE__ and __LINE__. This allows source code debugging, when C is used as target language of a compiler, for a totally different language. The first C Standard specified that the macro __STDC__ be defined to 1 if the implementation conforms to the ISO Standard and 0 otherwise, and the macro __STDC_VERSION__ defined as a numeric literal specifying the version of the Standard supported by the implementation. Standard C++ compilers support the __cplusplus macro. Compilers running in non-standard mode must not set these macros, or must define others to signal the differences."}
{"id": "doc1640863", "text": "Within the field of science there exists a set of fundamental standards, the scientific method, which outlines the process of discovering facts or truths about the world through unbiased consideration of all pertinent information and through impartial observation of and/or experimentation with that information. According to this method, one is able to most accurately find a solution to a perceived problem by performing the aforementioned steps. The scientific method does not prescribe a process that is limited to scientists, but rather one that all people can practice in their respective fields of work as well as in their personal lives. Confirmation bias can be described as one's unconscious or unintentional corruption of the scientific method. Thus when one demonstrates confirmation bias, one is formally or informally collecting data and then subsequently observing and experimenting with that data in such a way that favors a preconceived notion that may or may not have motivation.[21] Research has found that professionals within scientific fields of study also experience confirmation bias. Andreas Hergovich, Reinhard Schott, and Christoph Burger's experiment conducted online, for instance, suggested that professionals within the field of psychological research are likely to view scientific studies that are congruent with their preconceived understandings more favorably than studies that are incongruent with their established beliefs.[22]"}
{"id": "doc1642327", "text": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth place"}
{"id": "doc1643694", "text": "The male and female names may not be the same name in origin. The male name is a descendant of Old Welsh Morcant, possibly derived from mor (meaning \"sea\") and cant (meaning \"circle\"),[1] with the meaning \"sea chief\" or \"sea defender\".[2] For the etymology of the female version of the name, see here."}
{"id": "doc1644238", "text": "In 1990, the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker came under the protection of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This caused a tremendous problem for Fort Bragg, where many of these birds lived. Training stopped, ranges were closed, and troops were temporarily moved to other installations for training."}
{"id": "doc1644239", "text": "The Army and the conservationists eventually came to an agreement, which put in place training restrictions around the woodpeckers' habitat. White stripes were painted on trees to indicate the location of the habitats, and restrictions limited the scope and duration of training that could take place within 200 feet of these locations."}
{"id": "doc1644530", "text": "The Chart of the Nuclides, containing information such as masses, relative abundances, half-lives, neutron cross sections, and decay properties for more than 3,100 nuclides and 580 isomers was developed at KAPL. This chart is a necessity for students and professionals in nuclear physics, chemistry, engineering, and medicine around the world. The Chart has been compiled, edited and periodically revised by KAPL scientists since 1956."}
{"id": "doc1645155", "text": "Not Going Out is a British television sitcom that has aired on BBC One since 2006, currently starring Lee Mack, Sally Bretton, Finley Southby, Max Pattison and Francesca Newman. The series has previously starred Megan Dodds, Miranda Hart, Tim Vine and Katy Wix."}
{"id": "doc1646165", "text": "At the end of January and beginning of February each year a great pilgrimage occurs to the shrine and the city grows many times in size. This festival is attended by more than a million people, many of them walking, from all over Mexico. During a week of festivities there are hundreds of temporary stalls selling pilgrimage icons, multiple bands of musicians playing around the great basilica, fireworks demonstrations in the evenings, and a palpable feeling of spiritual joy descend on the town. If a family member falls ill or undergoes a serious surgery for example, you can promise the Virgin to make the pilgrimage if that person makes it out okay."}
{"id": "doc1646627", "text": "At the bottom of the composition a crowd of souls are shown, often with some rising from their graves. These are being sorted and directed by angels into the saved and the damned.  Almost always the saved are on the viewer's left (so on the right hand of Christ), and the damned on the right. The saved are led up to heaven, often shown as a fortified gateway, while the damned are handed over to devils who herd them down into hell on the right; the composition therefore has a circular pattern of movement.  Often the damned disappear into a Hellmouth, the mouth of a huge monster, an image of Anglo-Saxon origin.  The damned often include figures of high rank, wearing crowns, mitres and often the Papal tiara during the lengthy periods when there were antipopes, or in Protestant depictions.  There may be detailed depictions of the torments of the damned."}
{"id": "doc1646629", "text": "The image in Eastern Orthodox icons has a similar composition, but usually less space is devoted to Hell, and there are often a larger number of scenes; the Orthodox readiness to label figures with inscriptions often allows more complex compositions.  There is more often a large group of saints around Christ (which may include animals), and the hetoimasia or \"empty throne\", containing a cross, is usually shown below Christ, often guarded by archangels; figures representing Adam and Eve may kneel below it or below Christ.  A distinctive feature of the Orthodox composition, especially in Russian icons, is a large band leading like a chute from the feet of Christ down to Hell; this may resemble a striped snake or be a \"river of Fire\" coloured flame red.  If it is shown as a snake, it attempts to bite Adam on the heel, but as he is protected by Christ is unsuccessful."}
{"id": "doc1648414", "text": "The coronation usually takes place several months after the death of the previous monarch, as it is considered a joyous occasion that would be inappropriate while mourning continues. This interval also gives the planners enough time to complete the elaborate arrangements required. For example, Queen Elizabeth\u00a0II was crowned on 2\u00a0June 1953, having ascended the throne on 6\u00a0February 1952; the date of her coronation was announced almost a year in advance, and preparations inside the abbey took five months."}
{"id": "doc1648416", "text": "The essential elements of the coronation have remained largely unchanged for the past thousand years. The sovereign is first presented to, and acclaimed by, the people. He or she then swears an oath to uphold the law and the Church. Following that, the monarch is anointed with holy oil, invested with regalia, and crowned, before receiving the homage of his or her subjects. Wives of kings are then anointed and crowned as queen consort. The service ends with a closing procession, and since the 20th century it has been traditional for the royal family to appear later on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, before attending a banquet there."}
{"id": "doc1650958", "text": "During Mickey's Magical Party in 2009, information was leaked about an expansion at Walt Disney Studios Park, the resort later confirmed this. The new Pixar themed area helped promote Toy Story 3. The area is designed to \"shrink the guest\" down to being the size of a toy, and to play in Andy's Backyard with his toys. It had to do this through using highly immersive theming, using bamboo to act as giant blades of grass surrounding the area, the use of many themed props and characters from the Toy Story films such as a giant Buzz Lightyear, a giant Rex, an oversized paper plane and a large ball from the first Pixar short, Luxo Jr. The area also features numerous photo opportunities. Construction of the area started in late 2009 and was finished on time. The new area is located to the right of Walt Disney Studios Park, behind the Art of Disney Animation. It has been rumoured that the hugely popular Toy Story Midway Mania! attraction, found in Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort, Disney California Adventure Park at the Disneyland Resort, and Tokyo DisneySea at the Tokyo Disney Resort may be built here in a few years time."}
{"id": "doc1651217", "text": "Thirty-two-pounder gun of 4500 pounds and VIII-inch Dahlgren shell gun: 383 of the 32-pounders (Dahlgren 1872, p.\u00a0App.A)[3] and 355 of the VIII-inch Dahlgren were cast by Alger Builders, Fort Pitt Foundry, and Seyfert, McManus & Co. between 1864 and 1867. The 32-pounder had a crew of 10 and a powder-boy while the VIII-inch had a crew of 12 and a powder-boy. Some have argued that these guns are not Dahlgren designs, pointing out that while the guns generally resemble his designs, these guns used old-style breeching jaws instead of the breech loop found on other Dahlgrens and that there is no elevating screw running through the cascabel (Ten Brink 2000). It is also asserted that the guns would have to be elevated by quoins. This is not accurate, particularly for the VIII-inch Dahlgren, as a new iron carriage with an elevating screw beneath the breech of the gun was developed for VIII-inch (Department of the Navy 1866, p.\u00a0III/66) and other carriages with breech elevating screws were also used (Department of the Navy 1866, p.\u00a0I/83). It is also argued that the bores were too small for their late introduction and very few saw service during or after the American Civil War. These guns would most likely have been intended for small riverine and estuarine gunboats, which the navy scrapped as quickly as possible after the war. The documentary evidence also supports a conclusion that these two guns should be considered to be Dahlgen designs. In Mrs. Dahlgren\u2019s petition to the national government for compensation for the use of Admiral Dahlgren's inventions, both the 32-pounder gun of 4500 pounds and VIII-inch shell gun are specifically described as designs of Admiral Dahlgren (Dahlgren 1872, p.\u00a0App. A). Also, in February 1867, Cyrus Alger paid a royalty on the Dahlgren patent for production of \u201cten eight-inch guns weighing 64,270, $642.70.\u201d (Ripley 1984, p.\u00a0103) There can be little doubt that both of these guns should be credited as Dahlgren designs."}
{"id": "doc1651444", "text": "The \"park bench\" scene which opens the 1994 film Forrest Gump was filmed on the north side of Chippewa Square.[9] The bench was a fiberglass prop, rather than one of the park's actual benches.[5] A prop bench used in the film is on display at the Savannah Visitors Center. Chippewa Square is located on Bull, between Hull and Perry Streets."}
{"id": "doc1651578", "text": "Years later, after Baelfire has left the Enchanted Forest, Rumplestiltskin tracks down the now-adult Seer (Shannon Lucio) and criticizes her for omitting the details of his destiny. He then attacks her and demands to know how to find his son. She says that he will find him after many years and that it will require a powerful curse that will be both cast and broken by others. When he demands to know more, she asks him to take on the \"burden\" of her prophetic powers. He agrees, but is overcome by a multitude of visions, while the Seer is left dying. She tells him that, with time, he will learn to understand. As she dies, she informs him that he'll be led to his son by a boy who will also be his undoing. Rumplestiltskin states his intention to kill that boy."}
{"id": "doc1652400", "text": "Descendants of   Jan 1 2001    In the line     Skipped Catholic\nEdward VII           80           X               X\nVictoria             625          X               X\nGeorge III           657          X               X\nFrederick POW        1250         X               X\nGeorge II            3638         X               X\nTotal                4982         X               x"}
{"id": "doc1652424", "text": "There is not a single person on this list who is not \"the issue of princesses who have married, or may hereafter marry into foreign families\".  Every single person on this list is excluded from the legal applications of the Royal Marriages Act."}
{"id": "doc1652465", "text": "Only the top portion of people in section 2.1 are descended from Edward VII. If I've figured this out right, it should be renamed Descendents of George II."}
{"id": "doc1652564", "text": "Animated by Ruben A. Aquino, Ursula's original design was inspired by several different sea creatures, including manta rays and scorpion fish, before Clements finally decided to base the character on an octopus; her number of tentacles was reduced from eight to six for financial reasons. Ursula's appearance was also inspired by American actor and drag queen Divine. When The Little Mermaid was first released in 1989, Ursula was immediately embraced as one of Disney's best villains, and continues to be ranked highly among the studio's greatest by the media. Praised for being humorous and frightening, the character has garnered positive reviews from film critics, some of whom dubbed her Disney's strongest villain in decades. Meanwhile, Carroll's performance has garnered similar acclaim to the point that the role has eclipsed her previous body of work, ultimately becoming virtually synonymous with the character."}
{"id": "doc1653053", "text": "Back at Care-a-Lot, some of the other bears are working on their new invention: the Rainbow Rescue Beam, a portal that can send any bear to Earth and back. The two Care Bear cubs belonging to Grams Bear, Baby Hugs and Baby Tugs, interfere with it and bring forth a group of unexpected visitors: Friend Bear, Secret Bear, Kim, and Jason. The bears introduce themselves to the children, and give them a tour of their home.  Tenderheart Bear returns on his now out of control Rainbow Roller just before a \"Cloud Quake\" caused by the spirit, which ruins Care-a-Lot. He informs the others of Nicholas' troubles on Earth. Using the Rainbow Rescue Beam, he sends Kim and Jason to the park, along with Friend Bear and Secret Bear. They end up in the Forest of Feelings when the portal malfunctions. From a nearby river, the rest of the bears begin searching for them aboard a cloud ship called the Cloud Clipper, leaving behind Good Luck Bear, Grumpy Bear, Grams Bear and the cubs in Care-a-Lot."}
{"id": "doc1653731", "text": "Pulmonary barotrauma:[48]"}
{"id": "doc1654062", "text": "The scientific method involves the proposal and testing of hypotheses, by deriving predictions from the hypotheses about the results of future experiments, then performing those experiments to see whether the predictions are valid. This provides evidence either for or against the hypothesis. When enough experimental results have been gathered in a particular area of inquiry, scientists may propose an explanatory framework that accounts for as many of these as possible. This explanation is also tested, and if it fulfills the necessary criteria (see above), then the explanation becomes a theory. This can take many years, as it can be difficult or complicated to gather sufficient evidence."}
{"id": "doc1654105", "text": "The first 10 superior highly composite numbers and their factorization are listed."}
{"id": "doc1654639", "text": "This reaction produces a helium-4 nucleus (4He) and a high-energy proton. As with the p-11B aneutronic fusion fuel cycle, most of the reaction energy is released as charged particles, reducing activation of the reactor housing and potentially allowing more efficient energy harvesting (via any of several speculative technologies).[citation needed] In practice, D-D side reactions produce a significant number of neutrons, resulting in p-11B being the preferred cycle for aneutronic fusion.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1657214", "text": "Despite the German and French origins of the English name, some of its early uses in English documents appear in Latinized form. As a surname, its first recorded appearance in Britain appeared in 1086, during the reign of William the Conqueror, in the Domesday Book, with a reference to Giraldus Reimundus.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1658558", "text": "This I do pledge."}
{"id": "doc1663695", "text": "Matthew[a] begins with the \"generation\" of Jesus as Son of David, followed by the visit of the gentile Magi, and the flight into Egypt to escape Herod, after whose death the holy family returns into the land of Israel, then moves to Nazareth, and then includes a detailed version of the preaching of John the Baptist, followed by the baptism of Jesus.[Mt 3:11\u00e2\u20ac\u201c15] John protests to Jesus that he needs to be baptized by Jesus, but Jesus tells him to let it be so now, saying that it is fitting for the two of them (\"for us\") to thus \"fulfill all righteousness.\" When Jesus is baptized, he goes up immediately out of the water, the heavens open and John sees the Spirit of God descend upon him like a dove, alighting on him, and he hears a voice from heaven say, \"This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.\""}
{"id": "doc1664038", "text": "For the second season, production credited 16 cities located in 11 countries for having been part of the filming.[118] The major locations they filmed in, include all of the first season's except Reykjav\u00edk, and the following new ones: Amsterdam, Argyll, Chippenham, Los Angeles, Malta, Positano, Redwoods, and S\u00e3o Paulo.[68] Production start for the main unit of the second season was given an expected date of March 2016,[119] but a separate shoot involving the principal actors began on December 30, 2015, in Berlin, to capture footage during the Christmas holidays.[120][121][122] This was followed by a short two-day shoot in Chicago, on January 23 and 24, 2016.[123] Filming resumed in Berlin in the middle of March 2016,[124] and proceeded to Mumbai on March 25, for a 10-day shoot.[24][125] On April 7, filming started in Positano.[88][126] Aml Ameen did not participated in the filming,[127] as he had decided to depart from the production.[7] Later in April, filming moved to Mexico, with Toby Onwumere replacing the departed Ameen,[83] and specifically to Mexico City, and for one day in Metepec.[128][129][130] Filming in California, San Francisco, began around May 5, and lasted up to May 20.[131][132] Location manager Matthew Riutta was fined by the Department of Parks and Recreation when \"someone accidentally got naked\", during a romantic scene set at the tree swing in Billy Goat Hill.[133] A short two-day shoot in Los Angeles, Malibu followed, starting May 24.[134][135] Filming in S\u00e3o Paulo took place in late May, and specifically in its 20th Gay Pride Parade on May 29.[136][137] Participating in the event was a late decision taken by Lana two days before the Parade began, as the production had previously abandoned their plans for the location due to scheduling conflicts. When Lana realized she could make it fit, they flew to S\u00e3o Paulo and filmed in the event in front of a crowd of millions, unrehearsed.[138] Filming in Chicago began on June 5, and wrapped up on June 15,[139][140] then moved to the United Kingdom, in London, Cambridge (Chippenham Park),[141] and Scotland (Ardkinglas Estate and Castle Stalker, for 9 days),[142] and wrapped on July 4.[143][144][145] Then, filming moved to the Netherlands, in Amsterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht, for about two weeks, up to July 19.[146][147][148][149] In Amsterdam, they were the first production to film in the Rijksmuseum, with the real paintings of Rembrandt featured prominently in the scenes. Lana was told that insurance would never allow her to film there, but after writing an eight-page letter about what The Night Watch means to her and the importance of bringing art to the homes of those that are unable to go to Rijksmuseum, she eventually managed to get a permit.[134] In Amsterdam's club Paradiso, they filmed Tuppence Middleton DJing with a real audience, and the rest of the cast dancing.[150][151][152] After the Netherlands, filming proceeded to Nairobi as early as July 22,[153] and later to South Korea, in Seoul and Bucheon,[154][155] for the production's longest shoot, lasting about three weeks.[156] Afterwards, filming moved to Berlin, until September 14,[157][158] and during the same period, they also briefly returned to London to shoot outside the Houses of Parliament for two days.[159] Filming then moved to Malta on September 18, for a two-day shoot, where they used the water tanks in Kalkara.[158][160] On September 19, 2016, with the completion of the Malta shoot, filming for the second season came to an end.[161][162] Overall, the cast and crew flew in excess of 250,000 miles to complete the season, while some directors and producers who also did location scouting flew as much as 370,000 miles.[156]"}
{"id": "doc1664485", "text": "The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), colloquially known as Islamia University, is located in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan."}
{"id": "doc1664486", "text": "Islamia University began as Jamia Abbasia, a religious University established in Bahawalpur in 1925, following the academic pursuits of Al-Azhar University in Egypt. In 1975, Jamia Abbasia was declared as a general University, and renamed as The Islamia University of Bahawalpur."}
{"id": "doc1665898", "text": "It was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929. The studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934. In 1983, Walt Disney Productions named its live-action film studio Walt Disney Pictures. During a corporate restructuring in 1986, Walt Disney Productions was renamed The Walt Disney Company and the animation division, renamed Walt Disney Feature Animation, became a subsidiary of its film division, The Walt Disney Studios. In 2007, Walt Disney Feature Animation took on its current name, Walt Disney Animation Studios after Pixar Animation Studios was acquired by Disney in the same year."}
{"id": "doc1665921", "text": "By the mid-1950s, with Walt Disney's attention primarily set on new endeavours such as live-action films, television, and the Disneyland theme park,[54] production of the animated films was left primarily in the hands of the \"Nine Old Men\" trust of head animators and directors. This led to several delays in approvals during the production of Sleeping Beauty,[54] which was finally released in 1959. At $6 million,[74] it was Disney's most expensive film to date, produced in a heavily stylized art style devised by artist Eyvind Earle[74] and presented in large-format Super Technirama 70 with six-track stereophonic sound.[74] However, the film's large production costs and underperformance at the box office resulted in the studio posting its first annual loss in a decade for fiscal year 1960,[75] leading to massive layoffs throughout the studio.[76]"}
{"id": "doc1665946", "text": "Aladdin and The Lion King had been the highest-grossing films worldwide in each of their respective release years.[128][129] Between these in-house productions, Disney diversified in animation methods and produced The Nightmare Before Christmas with former Disney animator Tim Burton.[130] With animation becoming again an increasingly important and lucrative part of Disney's business, the company began to expand its operations. The flagship California studio was split into two units and expanded,[121] and ground was broken on a new Disney Feature Animation building adjacent to the main Disney lot in Burbank, which was dedicated in 1995.[94][121] The Florida satellite, officially incorporated in 1992,[131] was expanded as well, and one of Disney's television animation studios in the Paris, France suburb of Montreuil[132]\u00a0\u2013 the former Brizzi Brothers studio[132]\u00a0\u2013 became Walt Disney Feature Animation Paris, where A Goofy Movie (1995) and significant parts of later Disney films were produced.[94] Also, Disney began producing lower cost direct to video sequels for its successful animated films using the services of its television animation studios under the name Disney MovieToons. The Return of Jafar (1994), a sequel to Aladdin and a pilot for the Aladdin television show spin-off, was the first of these productions.[133] Walt Disney Feature Animation was also heavily involved in the adaptations of both Beauty and the Beast in 1994 and The Lion King in 1997 into Broadway musicals.[121]"}
{"id": "doc1665950", "text": "In contrast to the early 1990s productions, the mid-1990s Disney animated features presented a trend of diminishing returns. Pocahontas, released in summer 1995, was a critical and commercial disappointment compared to its predecessors,[141] earning $346 million worldwide[143] while still winning two Academy Awards for its music by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz.[144] The next film, The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), partially produced at the Paris studio,[132] performed better critically and grossed $325 million worldwide.[145] The following summer, Hercules, grossed $252 million worldwide[146] and received positive reviews,[147] but it was responsible for beginning the decline of traditional animated films. The declining box office success became doubly concerning inside the studio as wage competition from DreamWorks had significantly increased the studio's overhead,[104][121] with production costs increasing from $79 million in total costs (production, marketing, and overhead) for The Lion King in 1994 to $179 million for Hercules three years later.[141] Moreover, Disney depended upon the popularity of its new features in order to develop merchandising, theme park attractions, direct-to-video sequels, and television programming in its other divisions.[121] The production schedule was scaled back,[141] and a larger number of creative executives were hired to more closely supervise production, a move that was not popular among the animation staff.[121][148][149]"}
{"id": "doc1666271", "text": "Season 1 premiered on November 20, 2014. Filming took place in Biloxi, Mississippi."}
{"id": "doc1667013", "text": "In terms of visual acuity, \"foveal vision\" may be defined as the part of the retina in which visual acuity is at least 20/20 (6/3 metric). This corresponds to the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) with a diameter of 0.5\u00a0mm representing 1.5\u00b0 of the visual field. Although often idealized as perfect circles, the central structures of the retina tend to be irregular ovals. Thus, foveal vision may also be defined as the central 1.5\u20132\u00b0 of the field of vision. Vision within the fovea is generally called central vision, while vision outside of the fovea is called peripheral, or indirect vision.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1667015", "text": "The dividing line between near and mid peripheral vision at 30\u00b0 radius is based on several features of visual performance. Visual acuity declines by about 50% every 2.5\u00b0 from the center up to 30\u00b0, at which point visual acuity declines more steeply.[16] Color perception is strong at 20\u00b0 but weak at 40\u00b0.[17] 30\u00b0 is thus taken as the dividing line between adequate and poor color perception. In dark-adapted vision, light sensitivity corresponds to rod density, which peaks just at 18\u00b0. From 18\u00b0 towards the center, rod density declines rapidly. From 18\u00b0 away from the center, rod density declines more gradually, in a curve with distinct inflection points resulting in two humps. The outer edge of the second hump is at about 30\u00b0, and corresponds to the outer edge of good night vision.[18][19][20]"}
{"id": "doc1667023", "text": "The main functions of peripheral vision are:[29]"}
{"id": "doc1667208", "text": "The film was released on October 7, 2016, in a limited release prior to being released through video on demand on October 11, 2016.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1668129", "text": "The eyes of most frogs are located on either side of the head near the top and project outwards as hemispherical bulges. They provide binocular vision over a field of 100\u00b0 to the front and a total visual field of almost 360\u00b0.[68] They may be the only part of an otherwise submerged frog to protrude from the water. Each eye has closable upper and lower lids and a nictitating membrane which provides further protection, especially when the frog is swimming.[69] Members of the aquatic family Pipidae have the eyes located at the top of the head, a position better suited for detecting prey in the water above.[68] The irises come in a range of colours and the pupils in a range of shapes. The common toad (Bufo bufo) has golden irises and horizontal slit-like pupils, the red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) has vertical slit pupils, the poison dart frog has dark irises, the fire-bellied toad (Bombina spp.) has triangular pupils and the tomato frog (Dyscophus spp.) has circular ones. The irises of the southern toad (Anaxyrus terrestris) are patterned so as to blend in with the surrounding camouflaged skin.[69]"}
{"id": "doc1668308", "text": "The interventricular septum, is the stout wall separating the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart from one another."}
{"id": "doc1668673", "text": "Following his release, he resumed his education at City College Norwich, promising administrators that he would study rigorously to sit the Cambridge entrance exams. He scored well enough to gain a scholarship to Queens' College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, Fry joined the Footlights, appeared on University Challenge,[19] and read for a degree in English literature, graduating with upper second-class honours.[20][21] Fry also met his future comedy collaborator Hugh Laurie at Cambridge and starred alongside him in the Footlights."}
{"id": "doc1668716", "text": "Fry married comedian Elliott Spencer in January 2015.[137] Fry is on cordial terms with Prince Charles, through his work with the Prince's Trust. He attended the Prince's wedding to Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005. Fry is a friend of comedian and actor (and Blackadder co-star) Rowan Atkinson and was best man at Atkinson's wedding to Sunetra Sastry at the Russian Tea Room in New York City. Fry was a friend of British actor John Mills.[138] His best friend is Hugh Laurie,[139] whom he met while both were at Cambridge and with whom he has collaborated many times over the years. He was best man at Laurie's wedding and is godfather to all three of his children.[140] Fry became a vegetarian in 2017,[141] having earlier expressed a desire to become so.[142]"}
{"id": "doc1668974", "text": "\"it's nearly time we had a little less respect for the dead, an' a little more regard for the living.\" \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Juno Boyle, Act II"}
{"id": "doc1669092", "text": "This Winglet is set between the events of the Prologue and Chapter 1 of Legends: Darkstalker, showing how Prince Arctic escaped the Ice Kingdom with the NightWing visitors. It is revealed Arctic's act of injuring Snowflake, his would be wife, was a major reason for the war between the IceWings and the NightWings in Legends: Darkstalker, in addition to the misunderstanding that Arctic was kidnapped by the NightWings, not willingly left with them.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1669853", "text": "2013 Champions League"}
{"id": "doc1670303", "text": "The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on Friends, but were not considered to be stars.[3][4] Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent,[5] and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".[6] The cast members made efforts to keep the ensemble format and not allow one member to dominate;[6] they entered themselves in the same acting categories for awards,[7] opted for collective instead of individual salary negotiations,[6] and asked to appear together on magazine cover photos in the first season.[8] The cast members became best friends off screen,[9] and one guest star, Tom Selleck, reported sometimes feeling left out.[10] The cast remained good friends after the series' run, notably Cox and Aniston, with Aniston being godmother to Cox and David Arquette's daughter, Coco.[11] In the official farewell commemorative book Friends 'Til the End, each separately acknowledged in his/her interview that the cast had become his/her family.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1670518", "text": "On the days leading to a Presidential state funeral, the Mexican flags are at half-mast, and the Olympic cauldron at Estadio Olimpico Universitario is lit until the funeral services have ended. The day of the Presidential funeral, if held in Mexico City, is usually the national day of mourning; there is no mail to be delivered on that day, all schools and colleges in Mexico City are closed, and all television and motion picture studios in Mexico City, and with them the studios of Televisa and TV Azteca affiliates across Mexico, are closed to audiences and tours. All business, including shopping centers and entertainment facilities, in Mexico City are closed; stores and theaters that are part of regional and national chains headquartered in Mexico City are closed."}
{"id": "doc1674853", "text": "A special case was Egypt, a rich 'private' domain and vital granary, where the Emperor almost inherited the theocratic status of a Pharaoh.  The Emperor was represented there by a governor sui generis styled praefectus augustalis, a title evoking the religious cult of the Emperor."}
{"id": "doc1675505", "text": "The first beta decays are rapid and may release high energy beta particles or gamma radiation. However, as the fission products approach stable nuclear conditions, the last one or two decays may have a long half-life and release less energy."}
{"id": "doc1675526", "text": "According to Jiri Hala's textbook,[12] the radioactivity in the fission product mixture in an atom bomb is mostly caused by short-lived isotopes such as I-131 and Ba-140. After about four months Ce-141, Zr-95/Nb-95, and Sr-89 represent the largest share of radioactive material. After two to three years, Ce-144/Pr-144, Ru-106/Rh-106, and Promethium-147 are the bulk of the radioactivity. After a few years, the radiation is dominated by strontium-90 and caesium-137, whereas in the period between 10,000 and a million years it is technetium-99 that dominates."}
{"id": "doc1675530", "text": "The radioactivity in the fission product mixture is initially mostly caused by short lived isotopes such as Iodine-131 and 140Ba; after about four months 141Ce, 95Zr/95Nb and 89Sr take the largest share, while after about two or three years the largest share is taken by 144Ce/144Pr, 106Ru/106Rh and 147Pm. Later 90Sr and 137Cs are the main radioisotopes, being succeeded by 99Tc. In the case of a release of radioactivity from a power reactor or used fuel, only some elements are released; as a result, the isotopic signature of the radioactivity is very different from an open air nuclear detonation, where all the fission products are dispersed."}
{"id": "doc1676468", "text": "To remove the need for self-modifying code, computer designers eventually provided an indirect jump instruction, whose operand, instead of being the return address itself, was the location of a variable or processor register containing the return address."}
{"id": "doc1678113", "text": "Denominations have varied conceptions of Holy Orders. In the Anglican churches and some Lutheran churches the traditional orders of bishop, priest and deacon are bestowed using ordination rites. The extent to which ordination is considered sacramental in these traditions has, however, been a matter of some internal dispute. Many other denominations[further explanation needed] do not consider ministry as being sacramental in nature and would not think of it in terms of \"holy orders\" as such. Historically, the word \"order\" (Latin ordo) designated an established civil body or corporation with a hierarchy, and ordinatio meant legal incorporation into an ordo. The word \"holy\" refers to the Church. In context, therefore, a holy order is set apart for ministry in the Church. Other positions, such as pope, patriarch, cardinal, monsignor, archbishop, archimandrite, archpriest, protopresbyter, hieromonk, protodeacon and archdeacon, are not sacramental orders but particular ministry positions."}
{"id": "doc1678115", "text": "It was the mission of the Apostles to go forth into all the world and preach the Gospel, baptizing those who believed in the name of the Holy Trinity (Matthew 28:18\u00e2\u20ac\u201c20). In the Early Church those who presided over congregations were referred to variously as episcopos (bishop) or presbyteros (priest). These successors of the Apostles were ordained to their office by the laying on of hands, and according to Orthodox theology formed a living, organic link with the Apostles, and through them with Jesus Christ himself.[1] This link is believed to continue in unbroken succession to this day. Over time, the ministry of bishops (who hold the fullness of the priesthood) and presbyters or priests (who hold a portion of the priesthood as bestowed by their bishop) came to be distinguished. In Orthodox terminology, priesthood or sacerdotal refers to the ministry of bishops and priests."}
{"id": "doc1680204", "text": "The show is shot aboard various fishing vessels, some of which change from season to season."}
{"id": "doc1680999", "text": "Twenty four additional rubidium isotopes have been synthesized with half-lives of less than 3\u00c2\u00a0months; most are highly radioactive and have few uses."}
{"id": "doc1682464", "text": "To change the order of succession in the United Kingdom, as the Queen of the United Kingdom is also the queen of the fifteen other Commonwealth realms, a change had to be agreed and made by all of the Commonwealth realms together. In the United Kingdom, the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 was enacted, and after completion of the legislative alterations required in some other realms, the changes came into effect across the Commonwealth realms on 26 March 2015."}
{"id": "doc1682561", "text": "Following its success in other Asian markets, Japanese distributor Nikkatsu announced plans to release the film in Japan.[45] It was released there in June 2013,[15] with the title \u304d\u3063\u3068\u3001\u3046\u307e\u304f\u3044\u304f (Kitto, Umaku Iku).[46]"}
{"id": "doc1683659", "text": "Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body, which moves because of the beating of the heart. Venules and veins collect blood low in oxygen from tissues throughout the body. These collect in progressively larger veins until they reach the body's two largest veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, which drain blood into the right side of the heart. From here, the blood is pumped into the lungs where it receives oxygen and drains back into the left side of the heart. From here, it is pumped into the body's largest artery, the aorta, and then progressively smaller arteries and arterioles until it reaches tissue. Here blood passes from small arteries into capillaries, then small veins and the process begins again. Blood carries oxygen, waste products, and hormones from one place in the body to another. Blood is filtered at the kidneys and liver."}
{"id": "doc1684137", "text": "Florida is divided into 27 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2010 Census, the number of Florida's seats was increased from 25 to 27 due to the State's increase in population, and subsequent reapportionment in 2012."}
{"id": "doc1684317", "text": "Howland continued his success at UCLA the following year. The Bruins finished undefeated at home for the first time in 22 years, winning the Pac-10 conference title. However they lost in their first Pac-10 tournament game and were seeded second in the NCAA Tournament West Region. After a close second-round win over Indiana, Howland led the Bruins to a win over his former team, Pitt in the Sweet Sixteen. The Bruins then again upset the top seed in the West Region, Kansas, and reached the second of UCLA's first consecutive Final Fours since the John Wooden era, only to lose again to Florida in the national semifinal."}
{"id": "doc1685196", "text": "In Aztec mythology, Mictecacihuatl is the \"Queen of Mictlan\" (Mictlancihuatl), the underworld, ruling over the afterlife with Mictlantecuhtli, another deity who is designated as her husband. Her role is to keep watch over the bones of the dead. She presided over the ancient festivals of the dead, which evolved from Aztec traditions into the modern Day of the Dead after synthesis with Spanish cultural traditions. She is said now to preside over the contemporary festival as well. She is known as the \"Lady of the Dead\" since it is believed that she was born, then sacrificed as an infant. Mictecacihuatl was represented with a defleshed body and with jaw agape to swallow the stars during the day."}
{"id": "doc1685203", "text": "The soul escapes through the mouth, or, as is stated in another place, through the throat; therefore, the Angel of Death stands at the head of the patient (Adolf Jellinek, l.c. ii. 94, Midr. Teh. to Ps. xi.). When the soul forsakes the body, its voice goes from one end of the world to the other, but is not heard (Gen. R. vi. 7; Ex. R. v. 9; Pir\u1e33e R. El. xxxiv.). The drawn sword of the Angel of Death, mentioned by the Chronicler (I. Chron. 21:15; comp. Job 15:22; Enoch 62:11), indicates that the Angel of Death was figured as a warrior who kills off the children of men. \"Man, on the day of his death, falls down before the Angel of Death like a beast before the slaughterer\" (Gr\u00fcnhut, \"Li\u1e33\u1e33u\u1e6dim\", v. 102a). R. Samuel's father (c. 200) said: \"The Angel of Death said to me, 'Only for the sake of the honor of mankind do I not tear off their necks as is done to slaughtered beasts'\" ('Ab. Zarah 20b). In later representations, the knife sometimes replaces the sword, and reference is also made to the cord of the Angel of Death, which indicates death by throttling. Moses says to God: \"I fear the cord of the Angel of Death\" (Gr\u00fcnhut, l.c. v. 103a et seq.). Of the four Jewish methods of execution, three are named in connection with the Angel of Death: Burning (by pouring hot lead down the victim's throat), slaughtering (by beheading), and throttling. The Angel of Death administers the particular punishment that God has ordained for the commission of sin."}
{"id": "doc1685439", "text": "Pakistan is a Democratic country and also has Independent politician standing in elections. Pakistan's Parliament has General Elections, 2008 Elected 30 Members. In Election 2011 has won the 4 candidates in National Assembly.In General Election 2013, 9 seats won by independents."}
{"id": "doc1685523", "text": "Generalized transduction is the process by which any bacterial gene may be transferred to another bacterium via a bacteriophage, and very rarely a small number of phages carry the donor(bacterial genome)genome,(1 phage in 10.000 ones carry the donor genome).[5] In essence, this is the packaging of bacterial DNA into a viral envelope. This may occur in two main ways, recombination and headful packaging."}
{"id": "doc1685742", "text": "Copy of Webley Pocket Pistol in .38 S&W, at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan"}
{"id": "doc1685757", "text": "The Enfield-designed pistol was quickly accepted under the designation Pistol, Revolver, No. 2 Mk I, and was adopted in 1932,[31] followed in 1938 by the Mk I* (spurless hammer, double action only),[32] and finally the Mk I** (simplified for wartime production) in 1942.[33]"}
{"id": "doc1686189", "text": "The Earth is only approximately spherical, so no single value serves as its natural radius. Distances from points on the surface to the center range from 6,353\u00a0km to 6,384\u00a0km (3,947 \u2013 3,968\u00a0mi). Several different ways of modeling the Earth as a sphere each yield a mean radius of 6,371 kilometers (3,959\u00a0mi). Regardless of the model, any radius falls between the polar minimum of about 6,357\u00a0km and the equatorial maximum of about 6,378\u00a0km (3,950 \u2013 3,963\u00a0mi). The difference 21 kilometers (13\u00a0mi) correspond to the polar radius being approximately 0.3% shorter than the equator radius."}
{"id": "doc1686260", "text": "At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, all four chambers of the heart\u2014two atria and two ventricles\u2014are in relaxation and dilation, or diastole. The atria are filling with separate blood volumes returning to the right atrium (from the vena cavae) and to the left atrium (from the lungs). After chamber and back pressures equalize, the mitral and tricuspid valves open, and the 'return' blood flows are passed through the atria into the ventricles. When the ventricles have completed most of their filling, the atria begin to contract (atrial systole), forcing blood under pressure into the ventricles. Now the ventricles start to contract, and as pressures within the ventricles rise, the mitral and tricuspid valves are closed."}
{"id": "doc1687132", "text": "Barcelona dethroned World and European champions Manchester United in the 2009 UEFA Champions League final to qualify for the 2009 edition of the Club World Cup.[18] Barcelone beat Mexican club Atlante in the semifinals 3\u20131 and met Estudiantes in the final.[19] After a very close encounter which saw the need for extra-time, Lionel Messi scored from a header to snatch victory for Barcelona and complete an unprecedented sextuple.[20][21][22][23] The 2010 edition saw the first non-European and non-South American side to reach the final: Congo's Mazembe defeated Brazil's Internacional 2\u20130 in the semifinal to face Internazionale, who beat South Korean club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma 3\u20130 to reach that instance.[24][25] Internazionale would go on to beat Mazembe with the same scoreline to complete their quintuple.[26]"}
{"id": "doc1689530", "text": "In the aftermath of Gale's murder, Victor finds Jesse in shock sitting in his car but, while Jesse was unobserved at the crime scene by neighbors, Victor was seen and acted very suspiciously to many of the onlookers. Forcing Jesse back to the lab at gunpoint, an enraged Victor informs Mike of Gale's death and of his being noticed at the crime scene. Walt asks Mike to allow him to cook, since Gus will be even angrier if they fall further behind on production. Victor dons a gas mask and informs Walt that he knows Walt's exact cooking method from watching him at the lab and Walt had only made his and Jesse's fate worse by murdering Gale. Victor seemingly knows Walt's method, a fact that Walt had never foreseen and is busy cooking when Gustavo Fring enters the lab. Gus calmly and silently descends the stairs and begins to change into a hazmat suit as Walt becomes increasing frantic trying to justify his actions and argue that Victor may know the steps but could never operate such a large and complex lab, problems would invariably arise that only Walt would be able to recognize and cope with. Gus all the while silently changes and now stands directly in front of both Walt and Jesse holding a razor sharp box cutter and, in a gruesome show of force, suddenly grabs and fatally slashes Victor's throat with a box cutter and spraying Walter and Jesse with Victor's blood, staring unemotionally into their eyes as Victor struggles and bleeds to death. Gustavo then redresses in the same manner speaking only once before leaving, saying \"get back to work\". Walter knows that he has fallen out of favor with Gus and fears that he will eventually be killed. Walter decides to pre-emptively strike against Gus, illegally purchasing from Lawson (Jim Beaver) an untraceable .38 Ruger LCR revolver for the task."}
{"id": "doc1689805", "text": "The title \"Son of David\" indicates Jesus' physical descent from David, as well as his membership of the Davidic line of kings. The phrase is used a number of times in the gospel of Matthew. It appears in Matthew 1:1 to introduce both the genealogy and the gospel. It is found on the lips of the blind men healed in Galilee (\"Have mercy on us, Son of David\", Matthew 9:27), the crowd who are amazed at Jesus' healing of a blind, mute and demon-possessed man Matthew 12:23), the Canaanite woman whose daughter is exorcised (\"Lord, Son of David, have mercy on me,\" Matthew 15:22), and the blind men healed near Jericho (\"Lord, Son of David, have mercy on us\", Matthew 20:30). Finally, it also forms part of the shout of the crowds when Jesus enters Jerusalem: \"Hosanna to the Son of David\" (Matthew 21:9)."}
{"id": "doc1690179", "text": "The film's music was composed by Danny Elfman. The soundtrack was released on March 4, 1997 by Atlantic Records."}
{"id": "doc1690531", "text": "U.S. Executive Branch officials"}
{"id": "doc1690622", "text": "All of Colorado's seven seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election in 2018."}
{"id": "doc1691028", "text": "Reigning sovereign George VI dies on 6 February 1952."}
{"id": "doc1691613", "text": "The cross-ribbed vault in the presbytery is richly ornamented with mosaic festoons of leaves, fruit and flowers, converging on a crown encircling the Lamb of God. The crown is supported by four angels, and every surface is covered with a profusion of flowers, stars, birds and animals, including many peacocks. Above the arch, on both sides, two angels hold a disc and beside them a representation of the cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem. They symbolize the human race (Jerusalem representing the Jews, and Bethlehem the Gentiles)."}
{"id": "doc1692185", "text": "The name Belarus is closely related with the term Belaya Rus', i.e., White Rus'. There are several claims to the origin of the name White Rus'.[25] An ethno-religious theory suggests that the name used to describe the part of old Ruthenian lands within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that had been populated mostly by early Christianized Slavs, as opposed to Black Ruthenia, which was predominantly inhabited by pagan Balts.[26]"}
{"id": "doc1692291", "text": "Around the corner from the windmill company, Hamilton also operated the Plymouth Air Rifle Company, to compete with the Markham \"Challenger\" \u2014 a new type of wooden spring-powered airgun shooting BB-size round shot invented by Captain William F. Markham (though some argued that the real inventor was George W. Sage) in 1886 \u2014 manufactured by the Markham Air Rifle Company just across the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. On March 6, 1888, Hamilton approached the windmill company board with an all-metal airgun design of his own and sought to use the factory blast furnaces to mold and stamp the metal parts necessary to build his gun. General manager Lewis Hough test fired the gun and exclaimed, \"Boy, it's a Daisy!\",[1] and the new gun was named the \"Daisy BB Gun\". The board of the Windmill Company then decided to offer the gun as a bundled premium item to every farmer who purchased a windmill."}
{"id": "doc1692307", "text": "Daisy was the first company to introduce a production caseless ammunition and rifle, the V/L Rifle, in 1968. The V/L ammunition consisted of a .22 caliber bullet with a small disk of propellant on the back, and no primer. The rifle resembled a typical spring-air rifle, but the hot, high pressure air served not only as a power source but also to ignite the propellant on the back of the V/L cartridge. The V/L guns and ammunition were discontinued in 1969 after the BATF ruled that they constituted a firearm, and Daisy, which was not licensed to manufacture firearms at that time, decided to discontinue manufacture rather than become a firearms manufacturer. About 23,000 of the rifles were made before production ceased."}
{"id": "doc1694554", "text": "With a semi-colon and a comma added it reads:"}
{"id": "doc1694559", "text": "In Greek, the question mark is written as the English semicolon, while the functions of the colon and semicolon are performed by a raised point (\u00b7), known as the ano teleia (\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1)."}
{"id": "doc1694648", "text": "33 (thirty-three) is the natural number following 32 and preceding 34."}
{"id": "doc1695182", "text": "S. epidermidis is a very hardy microorganism, consisting of nonmotile, Gram-positive cocci, arranged in grape-like clusters. It forms white, raised, cohesive colonies about 1\u20132\u00a0mm in diameter after overnight incubation, and is not hemolytic on blood agar.[4] It is a catalase-positive,[8] coagulase-negative, facultative anaerobe that can grow by aerobic respiration or by fermentation. Some strains may not ferment.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1698079", "text": "The Executive and Legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions. Local governments are semi-autonomous, and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. The judicial branch operates at both the national and local levels.\nThe South Korean government's structure is determined by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. This document has been revised several times since its first promulgation in 1948 (for details, see History of South Korea). However, it has retained many broad characteristics; with the exception of the short-lived Second Republic of South Korea, the country has always had a presidential system with a relatively independent chief executive."}
{"id": "doc1698080", "text": "As with most stable three-branch systems, a careful system of checks and balances is in place. For instance, the judges of the Constitutional Court are partially appointed by the executive, and partially by the legislature. Likewise, when a resolution of impeachment is passed by the legislature, it is sent to the judiciary for a final decision."}
{"id": "doc1698346", "text": "Beginning April 29, 1957, visitors were able to walk through the castle and view several dioramas depicting the story of Sleeping Beauty. The voice of Jiminy Cricket from Walt Disney's Pinocchio (1940) singing \"When You Wish Upon a Star\" is piped into the castle.[2] The original dioramas were designed in the style of Eyvind Earle, production designer for Disney's 1959 film Sleeping Beauty, and were then redone in 1977 to resemble the window displays on Main Street, U.S.A.. The walkthrough was closed for unspecified reasons on October 7, 2001; popular belief claims the September 11th attacks and the potential danger that ensued played a major factor in the closing."}
{"id": "doc1699100", "text": "Prince Albert, Duke of York\u2014\"Bertie\" to the family\u2014was the second son of King George V. He was second in line to succeed his father, behind his elder brother the Prince of Wales. He initially proposed to Elizabeth in 1921, but she turned him down, being \"afraid never, never again to be free to think, speak and act as I feel I really ought to\".[1] When he declared he would marry no one else, his mother, Queen Mary, visited Glamis to see for herself the girl her son wanted to marry. She became convinced that Elizabeth was \"the one girl who could make Bertie happy\", but nevertheless refused to interfere.[2] At the same time, Elizabeth was courted by James Stuart, Albert's equerry, until he left the prince's service for a better-paid job in the American oil business.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1699153", "text": "These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form end-arteries."}
{"id": "doc1703987", "text": "Captain Henry L. Bowdoin arrived on Oak Island in August 1909 representing the Old Gold Salvage Group, one of whose members was Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The \"money pit\" was cleared out to 113 feet (34\u00c2\u00a0m), and divers were sent down to investigate.[16] Although multiple borings were taken in and around the pit, none of the cores revealed anything of interest.[16]"}
{"id": "doc1703993", "text": "In January 1967, Daniel C. Blankenship, David Tobias, Robert Dunfield, and Fred Nolan formed a syndicate for exploration on Oak Island. Two years later, Blankenship and Tobias formed Triton Alliance after purchasing most of the island. Several former landowners, including Mel Chappell, became shareholders in Triton. Triton workers excavated a 235 feet (72\u00c2\u00a0m) shaft, known as Borehole 10-X and supported by a steel caisson to bedrock, in 1971."}
{"id": "doc1703998", "text": "It was announced in April 2006 that brothers Rick and Marty Lagina of Michigan had purchased 50 percent of Oak Island Tours from David Tobias for an undisclosed sum. The rest of the company is owned by Blankenship. Center Road Developments, in conjunction with Allan Kostrzewa and Brian Urbach (members of the Michigan group), had purchased Lot 25 from David Tobias for a reported $230,000 one year before Tobias sold the rest of his share. The Michigan group, working with Blankenship, said that it would resume operations on Oak Island in the hope of discovering buried treasure and solving the island's mystery."}
{"id": "doc1704007", "text": "In his 1872 novel, The Treasure of the Seas,[33] James DeMille describes being a summer resident of Chester Basin during the later 1860s. DeMille lived on Oak Island for a summer and had firsthand knowledge of the area. The characters in the novel find that the stone had been removed from the chimney when they arrived on the island;[34] until then, no one had been able to decode the mysterious symbols reportedly on the stone, which an inn landlord describes as 'rather faint, and irregular' \u2014 he also says that 'men who don't believe in Kidd's treasure ... say that it isn't an inscription at all ... it's only some accidental scratches'.[35][36] \nReginald Vanderbilt Harris (1881\u20131986) wrote in his 1958 book, The Oak Island Mystery,[37] \"About 1865\u20131866 the stone was removed and taken to Halifax. Among those who worked to remove the stone was Jefferson W. MacDonald.\" The Blair letter mentioned above states that MacDonald took down the partition in order to examine the stone, not to remove it. Harris provides no source for the claim that the stone was removed in 1865 or 1866. The next mention of the stone is in an 1893 Oak Island Treasure Company prospectus. According to the prospectus, the stone was taken out of the chimney and moved to Halifax; there, an unnamed expert was said to have deciphered the stone as reading: \"Ten feet below are two million pounds buried.\"[38]"}
{"id": "doc1705674", "text": "The two NBC televised live-action specials of Legends of the Superheroes produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions was based largely on Challenge of the Super Friends while featuring Adam West, Burt Ward, and Frank Gorshin of the 1966 Batman television series fame (West would go on to voice Batman in Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show and The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians). The Justice League starred Batman, Robin, Captain Marvel, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Huntress, and Black Canary against the Legion of Doom which featured Mordru leading Doctor Sivana, Riddler, Giganta, Sinestro, Weather Wizard, and Solomon Grundy (Superman, Wonder Woman, and their associate characters were absent due to the Superman film and Wonder Woman television series licensing the rights, respectively)."}
{"id": "doc1707339", "text": "The amendment was subsequently ratified by the following states, bringing the total number of ratifying states to forty-three:[25]"}
{"id": "doc1711862", "text": "Taking the radius of the Earth as 6371\u00c2\u00a0km, with d in km and h in m,"}
{"id": "doc1713783", "text": "In the 2010 remake of A Nightmare On Elm Street, Jackie Earle Haley portrayed Freddy Krueger. In the film, Krueger is depicted as a child abuser who worked as a gardener at a local preschool. Unlike in the original version of events, where he was a known child-killer who evaded conviction on a technicality, in this version of events there was actually ambiguity about Kruger's guilt or innocence apart from the testimony of his victims, until the now-grown survivors find the room where Krueger molested them while searching for evidence."}
{"id": "doc1714121", "text": "The earliest record of the rhyme is in Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, published c. 1744, which noted only the first four verses. The extended version given below was not printed until c. 1770.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1715056", "text": "Most threatening, however, was the ascendancy of Assyria, which was beginning to expand westward from Mesopotamia: the Battle of Qarqar (853 BC), which pitted Shalmaneser III of Assyria against a coalition of local kings, including Ahab, was the first clash between Assyria and Israel. It was the first in a series of wars that would eventually lead to the destruction of the Kingdom of Israel in 722 BC and the reduction of the Kingdom of Judah to an Assyrian tributary state."}
{"id": "doc1716059", "text": "Xochimilco (Spanish pronunciation:\u00a0[sot\u0283i\u02c8milko]; Nahuatl: X\u014dchim\u012blco, pronounced\u00a0[\u0283o\u02d0t\u0283i\u02c8mi\u02d0lko] \u00a0listen\u00a0(help\u00b7info)) is one of the 16 mayoralities (Spanish: alcald\u00edas) or boroughs within Mexico City. The borough is centered on the formerly independent city of Xochimilco, which was established on what was the southern shore of Lake Xochimilco in the pre-Hispanic period. Today, the borough consists of the eighteen \u201cbarrios\u201d or neighborhoods of this city along with fourteen \u201cpueblos\u201d or villages that surround it, covering an area of 125\u00a0km2 (48\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). The borough is in the southeastern part of the city and has an identity that is separate from the historic center of Mexico City, due to its historic separation from that city during most of its history. Xochimilco is best known for its canals, which are left from what was an extensive lake and canal system that connected most of the settlements of the Valley of Mexico. These canals, along with artificial islands called chinampas, attract tourists and other city residents to ride on colorful gondola-like boats called \u201ctrajineras\u201d around the 170\u00a0km (110\u00a0mi) of canals. This canal and chinampa system, as a vestige of the area\u2019s pre-Hispanic past, has made Xochimilco a World Heritage Site. In 1950, Paramahansa Yogananda in his celebrated classic Autobiography of a Yogi wrote that if there is a scenic beauty contest, Xochimilco will get the First Prize.[1] However, severe environmental degradation of the canals and chinampas has brought that status into question."}
{"id": "doc1716095", "text": "However, the best known mayordomo position is not for a festival, but rather for the care of an image of the child Jesus called the Ni\u00f1opa.[46] The image is over 435 years old and has a following of about 25,000 in the Xochimilco area.[48] It measures 51\u00a0cm (20\u00a0in) and weighs less than a kilo.[49] The name \u201cNi\u00f1opa\u201d comes from the Spanish word \u201cni\u00f1o\u201d (child) and the Nahuatl suffix \u201c-pan\u201d (place) to mean \u201cchild of the place.\u201d[6] The image was thought to have been made of orange tree wood, but this was proven false when the image was dropped and a finger damaged, allowing for the taking of a small sample. The analysis showed that it was made in the local area of a tree called a chocol\u00edn, in the 16th or 17th century.[50] The prestige for becoming a mayordomo for the Ni\u00f1opa is so great, that the waiting time to become one is decades long.[41][46][50] The mayordomo receives nothing for the care of the image and pays all expenses out of pocket, which includes building rooms for the image to stay, and sponsoring the nearly daily events dedicated to this image.[4] The annual cycle begin on February 2, when the image is received by a new mayordomo. During the year, the image visits homes and hospitals, accompanied by Chinelos dancers.[6] In addition to the Ni\u00f1opan, other important child Jesus figures include the Ni\u00f1o Dormidito in the Xaltocan neighborhood, the Ni\u00f1o de Belen at the Salitre Embarcadero, the Ni\u00f1o Tamalerito, and the Ni\u00f1o de San Juan. These images, along with the Ni\u00f1opan, are celebrated together on April 30, at an event called the Ni\u00f1os Sagrados.[41] There are various replicas of the Ni\u00f1opa, which are owned by former mayordomos.[50]"}
{"id": "doc1716825", "text": "In the Roman tradition a large variety in the meaning and importance of the imperial form of monarchy developed: in intention it was always the highest office, but it could as well fall down to a redundant title for nobility that had never been near to the \"Empire\" they were supposed to be reigning. Also the name of the position split in several branches of Western tradition, see below."}
{"id": "doc1716834", "text": "The Principate (27 BC \u2013 284 AD) period was succeeded by what is known as the Dominate (284 AD \u2013 527 AD), during which Emperor Diocletian tried to put the Empire on a more formal footing. Diocletian sought to address the challenges of the Empire's now vast geography and the instability caused by the informality of succession by the creation of co-emperors and junior emperors. At one point, there were as many as five sharers of the imperium (see: Tetrarchy). In 325 AD Constantine I defeated his rivals and restored single emperor rule, but following his death the empire was divided among his sons. For a time the concept was of one empire ruled by multiple emperors with varying territory under their control, however following the death of Theodosius I the rule was divided between his two sons and increasingly became separate entities. The areas administered from Rome are referred to by historians the Western Roman Empire and those under the immediate authority of Constantinople called the Eastern Roman Empire or (after the Battle of Yarmouk in 636 AD) the Later Roman or Byzantine Empire. The subdivisions and co-emperor system were formally abolished by Emperor Zeno in 480 AD following the death of Julius Nepos last Western Emperor and the ascension of Odoacer as the de facto King of Italy in 476 AD."}
{"id": "doc1717004", "text": "It had number one openings in Russia ($6.3 million), France ($5.3 million), Mexico (3.8 million), Australia ($3.1 million), Brazil ($2.7 million) and the Philippines ($1.7 million) and the biggest opening for Burton in Malaysia and Indonesia.[25][26] In South Korea, it debuted at number two with $5.2 million. The film was released in China and Italy in December 2016 and Japan in February 2017.[27]"}
{"id": "doc1717200", "text": "where M is the mass of Earth, 5.9736 \u00d7 1024 kg, and G is the gravitational constant, (6.67428 \u00b1 0.00067) \u00d7 10\u221211 m3 kg\u22121 s\u22122."}
{"id": "doc1717375", "text": "Radium (/\u02c8re\u026adi\u0259m/ RAY-dee-\u0259m) is a chemical element with atomic number 88, represented by the symbol Ra. Radium is an almost pure-white alkaline earth metal, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, becoming black in color. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226, which has a half-life of 1601 years and decays into radon gas. Because of such instability, radium is luminescent, glowing a faint blue. Radium, in the form of radium chloride, was discovered by Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898. They extracted the radium compound from uraninite and published the discovery at the French Academy of Sciences five days later. Radium was isolated in its metallic state by Marie Curie and Andr\u00e9-Louis Debierne through the electrolysis of radium chloride in 1910. Since its discovery, it has given names likeradium A and radium C2 to several isotopes of other elements that are decay products of radium-226. In nature, radium is found in uranium ores in trace amounts as small as a seventh of a gram per ton of uraninite. Radium is not necessary for living organisms, and adverse health effects are likely when it is incorporated into biochemical processes because of its radioactivity and chemical reactivity."}
{"id": "doc1717799", "text": "c. 740 BCE\u00e2\u20ac\u201cc. 700 BCE"}
{"id": "doc1718367", "text": "The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas will be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. Voters will elect the 36 U.S. Representatives from the state of Texas, one from each of the state's 36 congressional districts. The elections will coincide with the elections of other offices, including a gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on March 6 and the run-offs will be held on May 22."}
{"id": "doc1719794", "text": "Still others look to the apocryphal work 1 Enoch which refers to seven angels who are \"watching\" creation: Uriel, Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Sarakiel, Gabriel, and Ramiel."}
{"id": "doc1722932", "text": "With the sacred motto left upon us by our ancestors \"EITHER WITH IT, OR ON IT\""}
{"id": "doc1723101", "text": "The poem is told entirely from the perspective of the English, and names many individuals that Mitchell and Robinson [1] believe were real Englishmen."}
{"id": "doc1723532", "text": "Hall is a common surname of English origin.[2][3] Hall means \"kind\" and \"forgiving\". This originates from the belief that Vikings were eternally benevolent to those that worked within their halls.[4] The name was used to indicate the main occupation of the individual, in a role such as a servant or chamberlain.[5] Hall is the 22nd most common surname in the United Kingdom.[1] Within the United States, it is ranked as the 26th most common surname.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1723775", "text": "Sometimes sacrificial captives were flayed, such as for the festival of Xipe Totec, who himself is characteristically depicted wearing the skin of a slain victim."}
{"id": "doc1723861", "text": "Since Unicode requires at least 21 bits to store a single code point, it is usually impossible to store one inside a single char; instead a variable-length encoding such as UTF-8 must be used. Unfortunately, the fact that a character was historically stored in a single byte led to the two terms being used interchangeably in most documentation. This often makes the documentation confusing or misleading when multibyte encodings such as UTF-8 are used, and has led to inefficient and incorrect implementations of string manipulation functions. Modern POSIX documentation attempts to fix this, defining \u201ccharacter\u201d as a sequence of one or more bytes representing a single graphic symbol or control code, and attempts to use \u201cbyte\u201d when referring to char data.[6] However it defines Character Array as an array of elements of type char.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1723904", "text": "Thus, alternation ('or') and conjunction ('and') of R relations represent both the properties of an ordering for all the objects of choice."}
{"id": "doc1724906", "text": "Never was there a doctrine more calculated to foster indolence, and to blunt the keen edge of curiosity, than this assumption of the discordance between the former and the existing causes of change... The student was taught to despond from the first. Geology, it was affirmed, could never arise to the rank of an exact science... [With catastrophism] we see the ancient spirit of speculation revived, and a desire manifestly shown to cut, rather than patiently untie, the Gordian Knot.-Sir Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, 1854 edition, p.196; quoted by Stephen Jay Gould.[19]"}
{"id": "doc1725991", "text": "Once in the circulatory system, CCK has a relatively short half-life.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1726400", "text": "In 1837, the first railroad was constructed, a 51\u00a0km (32\u00a0mi) stretch between Havana and Bejucal, which was used for transporting sugar from the valley of G\u00fcines to the harbor. With this, Cuba became the fifth country in the world to have a railroad, and the first Spanish-speaking country. Throughout the century, Havana was enriched by the construction of additional cultural facilities, such as the Tacon Teatre, one of the most luxurious in the world. The fact that slavery was legal in Cuba until 1886 led to Southern American interest, including a plan by the Knights of the Golden Circle to create a 'Golden Circle' with a 1200\u00a0mile-radius centered on Havana. After the Confederate States of America were defeated in the American Civil War in 1865, many former slaveholders continued to run plantations by moving to Havana."}
{"id": "doc1726799", "text": "Most of Head's works are songs.[4] However, his early works include a piano concerto, a tone poem, and scherzo for orchestra. His best known song cycles are Over the Rim of the Moon (1918\u00e2\u20ac\u201c19) and Songs of the Countryside (1921-23).[5] The first of these contains probably his most famous song, \"The Ships of Arcady\". All the texts in this song cycle were by the Irish war poet Francis Ledwidge, who was killed in action during World War I on 31 July 1917.[6] Songs of the Countryside uses poems by various poets. The first song, \"Sweet Chance, That Led My Steps Abroad\" was at setting of W. H. Davies's 1914 poem \"A Great Time\". \"The Piper\" is a setting of Seumas O'Sullivan's famous poem of the same name. One of his popular songs is the Christmas carol The Little Road to Bethlehem, the words of which are by Margaret Rose. Other famous songs include \"Money, O!\" and \"Why have you stolen my delight?\" (see Bush, 1982)."}
{"id": "doc1726816", "text": "An integer \n\n\n\nn\n>\n1\n\n\n{\\displaystyle n>1}\n\n whose only proper divisor is 1 is called a prime number. Equivalently, a prime number is a positive integer which has exactly two positive factors: 1 and itself."}
{"id": "doc1727553", "text": "The original Mini was a line of iconic British small cars manufactured by the British Motor Corporation, and its successors, from 1959 until 2000. Their models included the Morris Mini-Minor and the Austin Seven, the Countryman, Moke, 1275GT and Clubman.[4] Performance versions of these models used the name Cooper, due to a partnership with racing legend John Cooper. The original two-door Mini continued in production until 2000. Development of a successor began in 1995 and the new generation car was launched in 2001. The current Mini range includes the Hardtop/Hatch/Convertible (three-door hatchback), Clubman (estate), Countryman (five-door crossover), Coupe/Roadster and Paceman (three-door crossover based on the Countryman)."}
{"id": "doc1728777", "text": "At the courthouse, Peter, Cleveland, and Joe try to claim Quagmire's innocence, which proves difficult due to them being under oath. Chris repeatedly keeps asking why Kira is not present in the courtroom. This causes Quagmire to take the stand himself and explain about his childhood, in particular his promiscuous mother. Despite this, the judge finds Quagmire guilty and sentences him to 20 years in prison. Just then, his mother Crystal arrives in the courtroom; Mayor Adam West is surprised that every male in the courtroom knows her name. After fighting off a comment from Kira's mother, Crystal admits her past then claims to be a born-again Christian and asks for leniency. The judge rejects her request and gives Quagmire 24 hours to get his affairs in order."}
{"id": "doc1728840", "text": "The balance of power between the federal government and the state governments emerged as the most debated topic of the convention, and the convention ultimately agreed to a framework in which the federal and state governments shared power. The federal government would regulate interstate and foreign commerce, coin money, and oversee foreign relations, but states would continue to exercise power in other areas. A second major issue was the allocation of Congressional representatives. Delegates from large states wanted representation in Congress to be proportional to population, while delegates from smaller states preferred that each state receive equal representation. In the Connecticut Compromise, the delegates agreed to create a bicameral Congress in which each state received equal representation in the upper house (the Senate), while representation in the lower house (the House of Representatives) was apportioned by population. The issue of slavery also threatened to derail the convention, though national abolition was not a priority for Northern delegates. The delegates agreed to the Three-Fifths Compromise, which counted three-fifths of the slave population for the purposes of taxation and representation. Southerners also won inclusion of the Fugitive Slave Clause, which allowed owners to recover their escaped slaves from free states, as well as a clause that forbid Congress from banning the Atlantic slave trade until 1808. The delegates of the convention also sought to limit the democratic nature of the new constitution, with indirect elections established for the Senate and the office of the President of the United States, who would lead the executive branch.[107]"}
{"id": "doc1729164", "text": "Challenger II main battle tank"}
{"id": "doc1729412", "text": "The sixteen disc collection contains the remastered stereo versions of every album in the Beatles catalogue. The first four albums (Please Please Me, With the Beatles, A Hard Day's Night and Beatles for Sale) made their CD debut in stereo, though most songs from those albums have previously appeared on CD in stereo on various compilations. Both Help! and Rubber Soul use the remixes prepared by George Martin for the original 1987 CD releases (the original 1965 stereo mixes were released on The Beatles in Mono). Magical Mystery Tour is presented in the sequence and artwork of its original North American Capitol Records album release, as opposed to the UK six-song EP."}
{"id": "doc1729413", "text": "All CDs replicate their original album labels as first released, from the various Parlophone Records variations, to the Capitol Records label (for Magical Mystery Tour) and the UK Apple Records side A label from Yellow Submarine through Let It Be, and with the side A & side B Apple labels for discs one & two respectively for The Beatles. For Past Masters, disc one uses a mid-1960s Parlophone label design and disc two uses the (side A) Apple label design. Each of the albums except Past Masters includes a mini-documentary, mainly drawing from The Beatles Anthology (with a few animated 3D scenarios made up of original photos thrown in), about the album in QuickTime format. The Beatles and Past Masters are two-disc sets."}
{"id": "doc1730233", "text": "In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting."}
{"id": "doc1730288", "text": "Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques.[25] The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.[26][quantify]"}
{"id": "doc1730351", "text": "Starry Night Over the Rh\u00f4ne (September 1888, French: Nuit \u00e9toil\u00e9e sur le Rh\u00f4ne) is one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings of Arles at nighttime. It was painted at a spot on the bank of the Rh\u00f4ne that was only a one or two-minute walk from the Yellow House on the Place Lamartine which Van Gogh was renting at the time. The night sky and the effects of light at night provided the subject for some of his more famous paintings, including Cafe Terrace at Night (painted earlier the same month) and the later canvas from Saint-R\u00e9my, The Starry Night."}
{"id": "doc1731175", "text": "An expedition led by Major Albert Bowman Rogers up the Illecillewaet discovered a viable pass in 1881. Rogers was awarded a five thousand dollar prize for locating a route through the mountains.[3] By 1885, the CPR had constructed a line through Rogers Pass and trains were traveling west to the Pacific for the first time in Canada. The federal government and the CPR quickly realized the tourism potential of the mountainous, heavily glaciated area. Following a trip by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald and his wife Agnes through the Rockies on the newly completed Trancontinental Railroad, he returned to Ottawa inspired, and led the creation of Glacier and Yoho National Parks, both established on October 10, 1886. They were the second and third national parks in the country, after Banff, a year earlier.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1731603", "text": "The series was filmed between 4 May 2015 and 31 May 2015."}
{"id": "doc1732443", "text": "The film premiered in 120 theaters across Japan on September 17, 2016.[11][14] It was screened at the 2016 Scotland Loves Animation festival on October 22, 2016,[15] and at the ICA in London on February 5, 2017.[16] Anime Limited distributed and released the film in the United Kingdom and Ireland on March 15, 2017.[17] Purple Plan released the film in Singapore and Malaysia on March 9, 2017.[18] Madman Entertainment released the film for a limited duration in Australia and New Zealand from April 9, 2017 and April 16, 2017, respectively.[19] In 2017, Konnichiwa Festival will be releasing the movie in theaters in Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama and Peru, for a limited time in May, while in countries like Argentina and Uruguay, the film will be released by Anifest having a theatrical release in June.[20] Pioneer Films released the movie in the Philippines on May 10, 2017 nationwide.[21] The film had a screening at Anime Expo on July 3, 2017, where it was announced that the film will have a limited release in U.S. theaters in October 20, 2017.[22] The Blu-ray home video release volume was released in Japan on May 17, 2017, which contains two animated videos of the film's theme song and \"Speed of Youth\", one of the original soundtracks by composer Kensuke Ushio.[23]"}
{"id": "doc1733379", "text": "The fourth installment, Paranormal Activity 4, was released on October 18, 2012 in the United States. It was planned to take place five years after the events of Paranormal Activity 2. Katie and Hunter have reappeared and live in a house across the street from Alex and Wyatt. Alex and her family begin experiencing paranormal events taking place in their own home. \"Toby\" is mentioned once in the film, said by Ben. [22] Although a box office success, Paranormal Activity 4 was a critical failure."}
{"id": "doc1734041", "text": "Changes in the orbital eccentricity of Earth occur on a cycle of about 100,000 years.[6] The inclination, or tilt, of Earth's axis varies periodically between 22\u00b0 and 24.5\u00b0.[6] (The tilt of Earth's axis is responsible for the seasons; the greater the tilt, the greater the contrast between summer and winter temperatures.) Changes in the tilt occur in a cycle 41,000 years long.[6] Precession of the equinoxes, or wobbles on Earth's spin axis, complete every 26,000 years. According to the Milankovitch theory, these factors cause a periodic cooling of Earth, with the coldest part in the cycle occurring about every 40,000 years. The main effect of the Milankovitch cycles is to change the contrast between the seasons, not the amount of solar heat Earth receives. These cycles within cycles predict that during maximum glacial advances, winter and summer temperatures are lower. The result is less ice melting than accumulating, and glaciers build up."}
{"id": "doc1735215", "text": "13. Rondi"}
{"id": "doc1735465", "text": "The Amazing Mrs Pritchard was filmed in London in April 2006, and the episodes were broadcast at 9:00 pm on Tuesdays. It fared poorly in the ratings, attracting 3.5 million viewers in the final episode."}
{"id": "doc1736704", "text": "You are not obliged to say anything, but anything you do say will be noted and may be used in evidence.[15][16][17]"}
{"id": "doc1736708", "text": "\"You are not obliged to say anything unless you wish to do so but whatever you say will be put into writing and may be given in evidence.\""}
{"id": "doc1738086", "text": "Toddlers & Tiaras or Another Toddlers & Tiaras is an American reality television series that aired on TLC from December 12, 2008, to October 16, 2013. After a three-year hiatus due to much controversy, Another Toddlers and Tiaras aired the sequel on August 24, 2016. The show follows the personal lives of families of contestants in a child beauty pageant. Like many shows about children pageants, it generated controversy for dressing the children provocatively. The show led to other reality show spin-offs: Eden's World, Here Comes Honey Boo Boo, and Cheer Perfection. On November 24, 2016, they decided to cancel the show after its 7th season."}
{"id": "doc1739769", "text": "The need for tanks to equip armoured units led the War Cabinet to approve the manufacture of the Sentinel tank in 1940.[214] Some 66 of them were delivered by the time manufacture ceased in July 1943, but none were used in action.[215] Otherwise tanks were sourced from overseas. A quantity of M3 Stuart light tanks were received in September 1941, while the first shipment of British Matilda II tanks arrived in July 1942, and these proved to be the most suitable type for jungle warfare. A flame-thrower variant was produced and eventually saw action in the Borneo campaign. The most numerous tank used by the Australian Army was the M3 Lee. Several hundred of these equipped the armoured divisions, but unlike the Stuarts and Matildas, they did not see action.[216] An Australian scout car known as the Dingo[217] was produced as an interim measure until adequate supplies of the Canadian Staghound armoured car became available in 1944. The Australian Army also operated some amphibious tractors.[218]"}
{"id": "doc1740045", "text": "Ewan McGregor performed the song in Magadan in 2004 for the filming of the TV show Long Way Round."}
{"id": "doc1740481", "text": "Masterson was promoted to the main cast for the renewed fifth season.[2] As of the second episode of the seventh season, her name appears in the opening credits."}
{"id": "doc1741046", "text": "Bragg is an English surname of Norman origin, and may refer to:"}
{"id": "doc1741593", "text": "Jericho's Arabic name, \u02bcAr\u012b\u1e25\u0101, means \"fragrant\" and also has its roots in Canaanite Rea\u1e96.[19][20][21][22]"}
{"id": "doc1741701", "text": "After the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC, the Assyrian Empire began to disintegrate, riven by internal strife. Ashur-etil-ilani co-ruled with Ashurbanipal from 630 BC, while an Assyrian governor named Kandalanu sat on the throne of Babylon on behalf of his king. Babylonia seemed secure until both Ashurbanipal and Kandalanu died in 627 BC, and Assyria spiralled into a series of internal civil wars which would ultimately lead to its destruction. An Assyrian general, Sin-shumu-lishir, revolted in 626 BC and declared himself king of Assyria and Babylon, but was promptly ousted by the Assyrian Army loyal to king Ashur-etil-ilani in 625 BC. Babylon was then taken by another son of Ashurbanipal Sin-shar-ishkun, who proclaimed himself king. His rule did not last long however, and the Babylonians revolted. Nabopolassar seized the throne amid the confusion, and the Neo-Babylonian dynasty was born. Babylonia as a whole then became a battle ground between king Ashur-etil-ilani and his brother Sin-shar-ishkun who fought to and fro over the region. This anarchic situation allowed Nabopolassar to stay on the throne of the city of Babylon itself, spending the next three years undisturbed, consolidating his position in the city.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1741702", "text": "However, in 623 BC, Sin-shar-ishkun killed his brother the king in battle at Nippur in Babylonia, seized the throne of Assyria, and then set about retaking Babylon from Nabopolassar. Nabopolassar was forced to endure Assyrian armies encamped in Babylonia over the next seven years. However, he resisted, aided by the continuing civil war in Assyria itself, which greatly hampered Sin-shar-ishkun's attempts to retake the parts of Babylonia held by Nabopolassar. Nabopolassar took Nippur in 619 BC, a key centre of pro-Assyrianism in Babylonia, and by 616 BC, he was still in control of much of southern Mesopotamia. Assyria, still riven with internal strife, had by this time lost control of its colonies, who had taken advantage of the various upheavals to free themselves. The empire had stretched from Cyprus to Persia and The Caucasus to Egypt at its height."}
{"id": "doc1741704", "text": "However the balance of power was decisively tipped when Cyaxares, ruler of the Iranic peoples (the Medes, Persians and Parthians), and technically a vassal of Assyria, attacked a war-weary Assyria without warning in late 615 BC, sacking Arrapha and Kalhu (the Biblical Calah/Nimrud). Then in 614 BC Cyaxares, in alliance with the Scythians and Cimmerians, besieged and took Assur, with Nabopolassar remaining uninvolved in these successes.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1741706", "text": "During 613 BC the Assyrian army seems to have rallied and successfully repelled Babylonian, Median and Scythian attacks. However, in 612 BC Nabopolassar and the Median king Cyaxares led a concentrated coalition of forces including Babylonians, Chaldeans, Medes, Persians, Scythians and Cimmerians in an attack on Nineveh. The size of the forces ranged against Assyria in its weakened state proved too much, and, after a bitter three-month siege, followed by house-to-house fighting, Nineveh finally fell, with Sin-shar-ishkun being killed defending his capital."}
{"id": "doc1741707", "text": "An Assyrian general, Ashur-uballit II, became king of Assyria amid the fighting. According to the Babylonian Chronicle he was offered the chance to bow in vassalage to the rulers of the alliance. However, he refused, and managed to fight his way free of Nineveh to set up a new capital at Harran. Nabopolassar, Cyaxares, and their allies, then fought Ashur-uballit II for a further five years, until Harran fell in 608 BC; after a failed attempt to retake the city, Ashur-uballit II disappeared from the pages of history."}
{"id": "doc1741795", "text": "National semifinals and final managed by U Sports"}
{"id": "doc1743887", "text": "Do others think the example of beta-decay should be mentioned in this article? Dirac66 (talk) 21:44, 7 January 2013 (UTC)"}
{"id": "doc1745418", "text": "Political leaders have at their disposal a great deal of patronage, in the sense that they make decisions on the appointment of officials inside and outside government (for example on quangos in the UK). Patronage is therefore a recognized power of the executive branch. In most countries the executive has the right to make many appointments, some of which may be lucrative (see also sinecures). In some democracies, high-level appointments are reviewed or approved by the legislature (as in the advice and consent of the United States Senate); in other countries, such as those using the Westminster system, this is not the case. Other types of political patronage may violate the laws or ethics codes, such as when political leaders engage in nepotism (hiring family members) and cronyism such as fraudulently awarding non-competitive government contracts to friends or relatives or pressuring the public service to hire an unqualified family member or friend."}
{"id": "doc1746512", "text": "It launched in June 2009 with a broadcast of Racine's Ph\u00e8dre with Helen Mirren, which was shown in over 200 cinemas around the world and seen by a worldwide audience of more than 50,000 people. The season continued with Shakespeare's All's Well That Ends Well; Nation, based on the novel by Terry Pratchett and adapted by Mark Ravenhill; and Alan Bennett's The Habit of Art. The season concluded with Boucicault's London Assurance with Fiona Shaw and Simon Russell Beale."}
{"id": "doc1746659", "text": "As of 29 August 2010 (the very last day of transmission), a total of around 295 episodes of Last of the Summer Wine have aired. This includes the Comedy Playhouse pilot, twenty-three Christmas Specials, two New Year Specials, and a Millennium Special a Christmas sketch and a comedy trial (but not the 25 Year and 30 Year Documentaries). Some of these have been regular episodes (often held over from the previous series, or taken from the forthcoming series), others have been dedicated festive stories. Some of these specials have also been feature-length. All episodes are 30 minutes long, unless otherwise stated."}
{"id": "doc1747911", "text": "Pakistan had been created in the name of Islam.[19][20] The idea of Pakistan had received overwhelming popular support among Indian Muslims, especially those in the provinces of British India where Muslims were in a minority such as U.P.[21] The Muslim League leadership, ulama (Islamic clergy) and Jinnah had articulated their vision of Pakistan in terms of an Islamic state.[22] Muhammad Ali Jinnah had developed a close association with the ulama.[23] When Jinnah died, Islamic scholar Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani described Jinnah as the greatest Muslim after the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and also compared Jinnah's death to the Prophet's passing.[23] Usmani asked Pakistanis to remember Jinnah's message of Unity, Faith and Discipline and work to fulfil his dream:"}
{"id": "doc1749568", "text": "The Swiss Army evaluated the Luger pistol using a detachable box magazine in 7.65\u00d721mm Parabellum and adopted it in 1900 as its standard side arm. The Luger pistol was accepted by the Imperial German Navy in 1904. This version is known as Pistole 04. In 1908 the German Army adopted the Luger to replace the Reichsrevolver in front-line service. The Pistole 08 (or P.08) was chambered in 9\u00d719mm Parabellum. The P.08 was the usual side arm for German Army personnel in both world wars."}
{"id": "doc1749973", "text": "The Institute of Engineers and got its foundation stone laid by the Governor General of Pakistan on 7 May 1948 at Dhaka."}
{"id": "doc1750116", "text": "The root B-R-K meaning \"blessing\" is also present in other Semitic languages. The most common Arabic form is the passive form Mubarak, but the form Barack is also used."}
{"id": "doc1750123", "text": "In English-speaking cultures, family names are often used by children when referring to adults, but are also used to refer to someone in authority, the elderly, or in a formal setting, and are often used with a title or honorific such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, Dr, and so on. It is also common in English-speaking cultures for individuals to be referred to by their surname instead of their given name by their friends. Generally the given name, first name, forename, or personal name is the one used by friends, family, and other intimates to address an individual. It may also be used by someone who is in some way senior to the person being addressed. This practice also differs between cultures; see T\u2013V distinction."}
{"id": "doc1750156", "text": "Occupational names include such simple examples as Smith (for a smith), Miller (for a miller), Farmer (for farm tax collectors or sometimes farmers), Thatcher (for a thatcher), Shepherd (for a shepherd), Potter (for a potter), and so on, as well as non-English ones, such as the German Eisenhauer (iron hewer, later Anglicized in America as Eisenhower) or Schneider (tailor) - or indeed, as in English, Schmidt (smith). There are also more complicated names based on occupational titles. In England it was common for servants to take a modified version of their employer's occupation or first name as their last name, adding the letter s to the word, although this formation could also be a patronymic. For instance, the surname Vickers is thought to have arisen as an occupational name adopted by the servant of a vicar,[34] while Roberts could have been adopted by either the son or the servant of a man named Robert. A subset of occupational names in English are names thought to be derived from the medieval mystery plays. The participants would often play the same roles for life, passing the part down to their oldest sons. Names derived from this may include King, Lord and Virgin. The original meaning of names based on medieval occupations may no longer be obvious in modern English (so the surnames Cooper, Chandler, and Cutler come from the occupations of making barrels, candles, and cutlery, respectively)."}
{"id": "doc1750163", "text": "This is the broadest class of surnames, encompassing many types of origin. These include names, also known as eke-names,[37] based on appearance such as \"Schwartzkopf,\" \"Short,\" and possibly \"Caesar,\"[30] and names based on temperament and personality such as \"Daft,\" \"Gutman,\" and \"Maiden,\" which, according to a number of sources, was an English nickname meaning \"effeminate.\"[30][31]"}
{"id": "doc1750769", "text": "Saints Row IV is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Volition and published by Deep Silver. It is the fourth title in the Saints Row series. In the game, the playable character is the leader of the 3rd Street Saints, a street gang that has become the world's most powerful and popular organization, and must fend off an alien invasion after becoming President of the United States and receiving superpowers. The player is free to explore their environment while completing main and side missions at their leisure. The game incorporates elements from science fiction video games and films, and continues the series' reputation for over-the-top parody. It was released in August 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360, and was later ported to PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Linux in 2015."}
{"id": "doc1751397", "text": "The government of Florida is established and operated according to the Constitution of Florida and is composed of three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Florida and the other elected and appointed constitutional officers; the legislative branch, the Florida Legislature, consisting of the Senate and House; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of Florida and lower courts. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, and ratification."}
{"id": "doc1751639", "text": "A common assumption made by novice programmers is that all variables are set to a known value, such as zero, when they are declared. While this is true for many languages, it is not true for all of them, and so the potential for error is there. Languages such as C use stack space for variables, and the collection of variables allocated for a subroutine is known as a stack frame. While the computer will set aside the appropriate amount of space for the stack frame, it usually does so simply by adjusting the value of the stack pointer, and does not set the memory itself to any new state (typically out of efficiency concerns). Therefore, whatever contents of that memory at the time will appear as initial values of the variables which occupy those addresses."}
{"id": "doc1751646", "text": "Even in languages where uninitialized variables are allowed, many compilers will attempt to identify uninitialized variables and report them as compile-time errors."}
{"id": "doc1752436", "text": "A common format for an ofrenda contains three levels or tiers. The topmost tier identifies the dead person who is being invited to the altar, frequently with photos of the deceased, along with images of various saints, statuettes of the Virgin Mary, crucifixes, etc. which are positioned in a retablo which forms the back of the altar;[2] on the second tier are things placed to encourage the dead to feel at home and welcome: the deceased person's favorite food items might go here, including such things as mole, candy, pan dulce, and especially a sweet bread called pan de muerto. For deceased adults, the ofrenda might include a bottle or poured shot glasses of tequila or mezcal, while if the deceased is a child a favorite toy might be placed here. The bottom-most tier almost always contains lit candles, and might also have a washbasin, mirror, soap, and a towel so that the supposed spirit of the deceased can see and refresh themselves upon arrival at the altar. Throughout the altar are placed calaveras (decorated candied skulls made from compressed sugar) and bright orange and yellow marigolds (cempazuchitl), an Aztec flower of the dead. Ofrendas are constructed in the home as well as in village cemeteries and churches.[3][4]"}
{"id": "doc1755601", "text": "U.S. Bank Stadium is scheduled to host Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018,[11] the 2019 NCAA Final Four, the 2020 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships, and the ESPN X Games in 2017 and 2018."}
{"id": "doc1755685", "text": "One possibility of the origin is that it is a version of the Old English cocc which means \"the little\", and was sometimes put after the name of a leader or chieftain as a term of endearment. Surnames such as Wilcox, Willcocks and Willcox are examples of this practice: all are composed of the name William and the archaic word cocc, coming together to mean \"little William\". The suggestion is that only the element -cox may have endured as a surname for some families."}
{"id": "doc1757007", "text": "Patrician status still carried a degree of prestige at the time of the early Roman Empire, and Roman emperors routinely elevated their supporters to the patrician caste en masse. The prestige and meaning of the status were gradually degraded, and by the end of the 3rd-century crisis patrician status, as it had been known in the Republic, ceased to have meaning in everyday life. The Emperor Constantine the Great (r. 306\u00e2\u20ac\u201c337) reintroduced the term as the Empire's senior honorific title, not tied to any specific administrative position, and from the first limited to a very small number of holders.[10][11] The historian Zosimus even states that in Constantine's time, the holders of the title ranked above the praetorian prefects.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1757458", "text": "Current queens consort:"}
{"id": "doc1758137", "text": "Jackson continued her career while landing roles in both television and film."}
{"id": "doc1759054", "text": "Dividing by P and rearranging yields:"}
{"id": "doc1759594", "text": "Gabriel is the fifth of the five angels who keep watch: \"Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim.\" (1 Enoch 20:7)"}
{"id": "doc1759626", "text": "Archangel Gabriel in the church of St. Magnus in Waldburg"}
{"id": "doc1762151", "text": "A key element of the plan was a new dam and reservoir in the Hetch Hetchy Valley, but access to the area was poor, so a railroad was planned to help build the dam. The steep terrain dictated a 4-degree roadbed, roughly twice as steep as a \"regular\" railroad. The steep grades dictated geared-down locomotives. The first 9 miles (14\u00a0km) of the Hetch Hetchy Railroad (HHRR) were completed in 1915, and the remaining 59 miles (95\u00a0km) were completed by October 1917. Construction costs for the HHRR were about US$3 million, far less than what the city might have paid contractors to transport workers, concrete and other materials for the dam over the rough and steep terrain by 12 mule train wagons.[citation needed] The president of the railroad was San Francisco Mayor James Rolph, and the vice president and general manager was the construction project's chief engineer Michael O'Shaughnessy. The Hetch Hetchy Railroad was begun as a connection of the Sierra Railway at Hetch Hetchy Junction, 15 miles (24\u00a0km) west of Jamestown, and extended another 68 miles (109\u00a0km) to the Hetch Hetchy Dam (later named the O'Shaughnessy Dam after the chief engineer) site for delivery of construction workers and materials. The regular trains were supplemented by trucks converted to run on the tracks to carry unscheduled loads of men or supplies or evacuate ambulance patients. The railroad was dismantled and part of its road bed converted into a highway after the Michael O'Shaughnessy dam was completed, and the new 2,030,000-acre-foot-capacity (2.50\u00d7109\u00a0m3) Don Pedro Reservoir built in 1971 flooded part of the original track line.[53]"}
{"id": "doc1762978", "text": "During its lengthy service life, the BAR underwent continuous development, receiving many improvements and modifications. The first major attempt at improving the M1918 resulted in the M1922 machine rifle, adopted by the United States Cavalry in 1922 as a troop-level light machine gun. The weapon used a new heavy[profile ribbed barrel, an adjustable spiked bipod (mounted to a swiveling collar on the barrel) with a rear, stock-mounted monopod, a side-mounted sling swivel and a new rear endplate, fixed to the stock retaining sleeve. The hand guard was changed, and in 1926 the BAR's sights were redesigned to accommodate the heavy-bullet 172-grain M1 .30-06 ball ammunition then coming into service for machine-gun use."}
{"id": "doc1763968", "text": "Mexico has traditionally been among the most visited countries in the world according to the World Tourism Organization and it is the most visited country in the Americas after the United States. The most notable attractions are the Mesoamerican ruins, cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts. The nation's wide range of climates, from temperate to tropical, and unique culture \u2013 a fusion of the European and the Mesoamerican \u2013 make Mexico an attractive destination. The peak tourism seasons in the country are during December and the mid-Summer, with brief surges during the week before Easter and Spring break, when many of the beach resort sites become popular destinations for college students from the United States."}
{"id": "doc1763997", "text": "The 92,924,489[2] Catholics of Mexico constitute in absolute terms the second largest Catholic community in the world, after Brazil's.[293] 47% percent of them attend church services weekly.[294] The feast day of Our Lady of Guadalupe, the patron saint of Mexico, is celebrated on December 12 and is regarded by many Mexicans as the most important religious holiday of their country.[295]"}
{"id": "doc1765385", "text": "Our tank roars there in the storm's wind. (x2)"}
{"id": "doc1765392", "text": "When before us a hostile tank appears,\nFull throttle is given and we close with the enemy.\nWhat does our life matter for the Reich's army? Yes, Reich's army."}
{"id": "doc1766019", "text": "After recovering from his injuries, RoboCop conducts a one-man campaign against the Rehabs and OCP. He finds McDaggett and attempts to subdue him, but McDaggett is able to escape. McDaggett then obtains information from a disgruntled resistance member (Stephen Root) regarding the location of the resistance fighters' base. The Rehabs attack and most of the resistance members are either killed or taken prisoner. RoboCop returns to the rebel base to find it abandoned. One Otomo unit arrives and attacks him. RoboCop experiences another power drain and his left arm and auto gun is destroyed, but eventually he is able to overcome his opponent with his arm-mounted gun. Nikko infiltrates the OCP building and assists a captured Lazarus in broadcasting an improvised video, revealing OCP's responsibility for the criminality in the city and implicating them in the removal and killing of the Cadillac Heights residents. The broadcast causes OCP's stock to plunge, driving the company into financial ruin and bankruptcy."}
{"id": "doc1768106", "text": "Conversely, in non-English speaking Europe, the name picked up popularity in the 1980s. The name had been introduced to Europe via pop culture, and was notorious for being extremely popular among lower class parents during the end of 1980s to 2000s. The name peaked markedly in the early 1990s, reaching first rank in France during 1989\u20131994, during 1991\u20131992 in Switzerland and in 1991 in Germany. The 1991 peak in German speaking Europe is due to the Christmas comedy film Home Alone, marketed as \"Kevin \u2013 Allein zu Haus\" in German (named for protagonist \"Kevin McCallister\", played by 10-year-old Macaulay Culkin). Especially in Germany, the name became associated with low social status, an attitude popularised in German journalism based on a 2009 master thesis on primary teachers' reactions to children's given names.[7] \"Kevin\" or \"Kevinismus\" in German has become a short-hand for short-lived fads in given names based in pop culture.[8][9]"}
{"id": "doc1768160", "text": "For Borland/Embarcadero C compilers (bcc32), native asm function calls are necessary, as there is no asm() implementation. The pseudo code:"}
{"id": "doc1768862", "text": "Carrying capacity was originally used to determine the number of animals that could graze on a segment of land without destroying it. Later, the idea was expanded to more complex populations, like humans.[2] For the human population, more complex variables such as sanitation and medical care are sometimes considered as part of the necessary establishment. As population density increases, birth rate often increases and death rate typically decreases. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate is the \"natural increase\". The carrying capacity could support a positive natural increase or could require a negative natural increase. Thus, the carrying capacity is the number of individuals an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given organism and its environment. Below carrying capacity, populations typically increase, while above, they typically decrease. A factor that keeps population size at equilibrium is known as a regulating factor. Population size decreases above carrying capacity due to a range of factors depending on the species concerned, but can include insufficient space, food supply, or sunlight. The carrying capacity of an environment may vary for different species and may change over time due to a variety of factors including: food availability, water supply, environmental conditions and living space. The origins of the term \"carrying capacity\" are uncertain, with researchers variously stating that it was used \"in the context of international shipping\"[3] or that it was first used during 19th-century laboratory experiments with micro-organisms.[4] A recent review finds the first use of the term in an 1845 report by the US Secretary of State to the US Senate.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1768995", "text": "All agricultural affairs and activities in Pakistan are overseen and regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture."}
{"id": "doc1769462", "text": "They pass forward in the intercostal spaces below the intercostal vessels. At the back of the chest they lie between the pleura and the posterior intercostal membranes, but soon they run between the internal intercostals and the innermost intercostals then anteriorly they lie between the pleura and the internal intercostals."}
{"id": "doc1770436", "text": "The Thompson was favored by soldiers, criminals, police, and civilians alike for its large .45 ACP cartridge, accuracy, and high volume of fully automatic fire. It has since gained popularity among civilian collectors for its historical significance. It has had, and continues to have, considerable significance in popular culture, especially in works about the U.S.'s Prohibition era and World War II, and hence is among the best-known firearms in history. Although the original fully automatic Thompsons are no longer produced, numerous semi-automatic civilian versions are still being manufactured by Auto-Ordnance. These retain a similar appearance to the original models, but they have various modifications in order to comply with US firearm laws."}
{"id": "doc1770477", "text": "The Model 1921 (M1921) was the first major production model. Fifteen thousand were produced by Colt for Auto-Ordnance. In its original design, it was finished more like a sporting weapon, with an adjustable rear sight, a blued, finned barrel and vertical foregrip (or pistol grip) and the Blish lock. The M1921 was quite expensive to manufacture, with the original retail price around $200, because of its high-quality wood furniture and finely machined parts. The M1921 was famous throughout its career with police and criminals and in motion pictures. This model gained fame from its use by criminals during Prohibition, and was nicknamed \"tommy gun\" by the media.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1771012", "text": "Series six began filming in early 2008 and wrapped on 30 March."}
{"id": "doc1774519", "text": "The Alamodome has also hosted the NCAA Women's Final Four basketball tournament in 2002 and 2010, and the 2011 NCAA Women's Volleyball Final Four."}
{"id": "doc1776446", "text": "Bayern Munich won 10\u00e2\u20ac\u201c2 on aggregate."}
{"id": "doc1777877", "text": "After the Mexican\u2013American War (1846\u20131848) and during the gold rush, more people began to travel westward to the Rockies.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1778577", "text": "By assuming the Elliott\u2013Halberstam conjecture or a slightly weaker version, they were able to show that there are infinitely many n such that at least two of n, n\u00a0+\u00a02, n\u00a0+\u00a06, n\u00a0+\u00a08, n\u00a0+\u00a012, n\u00a0+\u00a018, or n\u00a0+\u00a020 are prime.  Under a stronger hypothesis they showed that for infinitely many n, at least two of\u00a0n, n\u00a0+\u00a02, n\u00a0+\u00a04, and n\u00a0+\u00a06 are prime."}
{"id": "doc1778592", "text": "For a twin prime pair of the form (6n \u2212 1, 6n + 1) for some natural number n > 1, n must have units digit 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, or 8 (\u200aA002822)."}
{"id": "doc1778593", "text": "The sum of twin primes greater than 3 is divisible by 12."}
{"id": "doc1778596", "text": "It follows from Brun's theorem that almost all primes are members of this sequence."}
{"id": "doc1778743", "text": "Or you can look up the values on the table and get P(6,4) = 56, and P(5,4) = 35."}
{"id": "doc1779634", "text": "A single trailer was released on December 20, 2017.[6] The film had its world premiere at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival on January 24,[7] and was then released on Netflix on January 26, 2018.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1780375", "text": "The macula or macula lutea (from Latin macula, \"spot\" + lutea, \"yellow\") is an oval-shaped pigmented area near the center of the retina of the human eye and some other animalian eyes. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5\u00a0mm (0.22\u00a0in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas.[1] After death or enucleation (removal of the eye) the macula appears yellow, a color that is not visible in the living eye except when viewed with light from which red has been filtered.[2] The anatomical macula at 5.5\u00a0mm (0.22\u00a0in) is much larger than the clinical macula which, at 1.5\u00a0mm (0.059\u00a0in), corresponds to the anatomical fovea.[3][4][5] The clinical macula is seen when viewed from the pupil, as in ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography. The anatomical macula is defined histologically in terms of having two or more layers of ganglion cells.[6] The umbo is the center of the foveola which in turn is located at the center of the fovea."}
{"id": "doc1781006", "text": "Drake interpolates \"Are You That Somebody\" by Aaliyah in his verse, \"Girl, I gotta watch my back, cuz I'm not just anybody.\"[6] In August 2011, Done Deal Enterprises filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Lil Wayne, Cash Money, Young Money, and Universal over the song. Blue Marley from Done Deal claims that he wrote \"BedRock\" with the same name and various other parts of the track months before Young Money's version.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1781723", "text": "Later, while in London, Drescher was visiting friend Twiggy Lawson and her family in London, England, where she went on a culture-clash shopping tour with Lawson's then teenage daughter. Drescher was inspired by her behavior towards the teenage daughter on the shopping trip as functioning in a less parental but \"humorous [...] kind of Queens logic, self-serving advice\" mode.[12]"}
{"id": "doc1783753", "text": "For a mass much smaller than 1017\u00a0g, but much larger than 7011500000000000000\u26605\u00d71014\u00a0g, the emission of ultrarelativistic electrons and positrons will accelerate the evaporation, giving a lifetime of"}
{"id": "doc1784440", "text": "Scenes from the films X-Men: First Class, Glory, The Legend Of Bagger Vance, Jekyll Island, and The View From Pompey's Head have been filmed on Jekyll Island. On October 27, 2014, Red Zone Pictures filmed here for Magic Mike XXL (2015), starring Channing Tatum. In 2016, an episode for The Walking Dead Season 7 was filmed on the island."}
{"id": "doc1784534", "text": "Bad Day at Black Rock was filmed in Lone Pine, California and the nearby Alabama Hills, one of hundreds of movies that have been filmed in the area since 1920. The \"town\" of Black Rock was built for the film. Today nothing remains of the set, erected one mile north (36\u00b038\u20322.84\u2033N 118\u00b02\u203223.74\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff36.6341222\u00b0N 118.0399278\u00b0W\ufeff / 36.6341222; -118.0399278Coordinates: 36\u00b038\u20322.84\u2033N 118\u00b02\u203223.74\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff36.6341222\u00b0N 118.0399278\u00b0W\ufeff / 36.6341222; -118.0399278) of the Lone Pine station, a stop on the Southern Pacific Railroad's Jawbone Branch, which served the northern Mojave Desert and Owens Valley."}
{"id": "doc1785170", "text": "Spaeth has a note claiming that the original version of this was supposed to refer to Fran\u00e7ois, Duke of Anjou's wooing of Elizabeth I of England, however, this was in 1579 and the original Scottish version was already published. If the second known version (1611, in Melismata, also reprinted in Chappell) were the oldest, this might be possible \u2014 there are seeming political references to \"Gib, our cat\" and \"Dick, our Drake.\" But the Wedderburn text, which at least anticipates the song, predates the reign of Queen Elizabeth by nine years, and Queen Mary by four. If it refers to any queen at all, it would seemingly have to be Mary Stuart. Evelyn K. Wells, however, in the liner notes to the LP Brave Boys; New England traditions in folk music (New World Records 239, 1977), suggests that the original may have been satirically altered in 1580 when it was recorded in the register of the London Company of Stationers, as this would have been at the height of the unpopular courtship."}
{"id": "doc1786034", "text": "There are 89 integral (whole degree) circles of latitude between the equator and the Poles in each hemisphere, but these can be divided into more precise measurements of latitude, and are often represented as a decimal degree (e.g. 34.637\u00b0N) or with minutes and seconds (e.g. 22\u00b014'26\"S). There is no limit to how precisely latitude can be measured, and so there are an infinite number of circles of latitude on Earth."}
{"id": "doc1786046", "text": "The Earth's axial tilt has additional shorter-term variations due to nutation, of which the main term, with a period of 18.6 years, has an amplitude of 9.2\" (corresponding to almost 300 metres north and south).[2] There are many smaller terms, resulting in varying daily shifts of some metres in any direction."}
{"id": "doc1786503", "text": "where \u03c9 is angular velocity, \u03b8 is angular extent. In order to get an accurate measurement, it is necessary to make two observations separated by time \u0394t. Subsequently, we can use"}
{"id": "doc1787620", "text": "Colorado is divided into 7 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives."}
{"id": "doc1787621", "text": "The districts are currently represented in the 115th United States Congress by 3 Democrats and 4 Republicans."}
{"id": "doc1787812", "text": "\"Ski\" (also \"Sky\" in other regions) is a formative adjective, from the Proto-Slavic \"\u044csk\u044a\", which defined affiliation to something. It was also used with names of territories and settlements to denote possession or place of origin.[5][6] The suffix, -ski (feminine: -ska), has been restricted to the nobility in eastern Europe and some parts of central Europe since the High Middle Ages.[1] It was the equivalent to nobiliary particles appearing in the names of nobility, such as in the Germanic von or zu. Almost all surnames borne by the nobility with the -ski (or -sky) suffix are preceded by a place name (toponymic) or other territorial designation derived from their main court, holdings, castle, manor or estate. For example, the Polish nobleman Jan of Tarn\u00f3w whose name in Polish is \"Jan z Tarnowa\" was equally known by the name \"Jan Tarnowski\"; this highlighted his nobility unlike the preposition of \"z\" alone which could be construed as a regular prepositional particle."}
{"id": "doc1787829", "text": "A cognominal surname (nazwisko przezwiskowe) derives from a person's nickname, usually based on his profession, occupation, physical description, or character trait."}
{"id": "doc1788429", "text": "The largest flying boat of the war was the Blohm & Voss BV 238, which was also the heaviest plane to fly during World War II and the largest aircraft built and flown by any of the Axis Powers."}
{"id": "doc1789526", "text": "It was announced on 12 June 2017 that a fifth series comprising four episodes was due to start filming in early 2018.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1791044", "text": "For the first time since seeding began, all four of the top seeds advanced to the Final Four. These were Memphis, the winner of the South region, UCLA, the winner of the West region making their third consecutive Final Four appearance, Kansas, the winner of the Midwest region, and overall number one seed and East region winner North Carolina, back in the Final Four for the first time since their 2005 national championship.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc1791048", "text": "Whereas the 2007 tournament did not see many upsets, the 2008 tournament was full of them. The sub-regional pod played at the St. Pete Times Forum in Tampa, Florida featured four games where a double digit seed won. #5 seeds Drake and Clemson fell to #12 seeds Western Kentucky and Villanova while the #4 seeds in that same pod, Vanderbilt and Connecticut, were defeated by #13 seeds Siena and San Diego. Western Kentucky advanced to the West regional in Phoenix where they lost to UCLA while Villanova was one of two double digit seeds to advance to the Midwest regional. The other was #10 seed Davidson, who rode the hot shooting of Stephen Curry to defeat Gonzaga, Georgetown, and Wisconsin before nearly upsetting Kansas in the regional final. The Midwest region alone saw four of its double digit seeds advance, as in addition to Villanova, Siena, and Davidson #11 seed Kansas State knocked off #6 seed USC."}
{"id": "doc1791050", "text": "The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship is an annual single-elimination tournament featuring 65 teams representing all Division I Conferences in the nation. A \"play-in\" game determined which of the two lowest seeds would play in the first round of 64 against a top seed team. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 65 within four regionals of 16 teams; Mount St. Mary's, as the winner of the play-in game, automatically received a 16 seed. The first and second-round games were played at the following sites, which were not restricted to any one particular Tournament Region, because of the \"pod system\":[1]"}
{"id": "doc1791093", "text": "The columns R32, S16, E8, F4, CG, and NC respectively stand for the Round of 32, Sweet Sixteen, Elite Eight, Final Four, Championship Game, and National Champion."}
{"id": "doc1791626", "text": "The liner notes to Broadside Ballads, Vol. 1 included this comment on the song:"}
{"id": "doc1792210", "text": "The term food security was first used in the 1960-1970s to refer to food supply and consistent access to food in international development work.[13]  In 1966 the treaty titled the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was created to ensure economic, social and cultural rights including the \u201cinalienable right to adequate nutritious food\u201d.[14]  In 1974 the World Food Conference focused on producing enough food for the world, ensuring the supply was reliable, and reducing dramatic price fluctuations.[13]  Even early on it was clear that there was a great discrepancy between the world\u2019s food supply and people\u2019s access to food. Advances in agricultural technology in non-industrialized countries resulting in production of more food did not necessarily result in improved food access as evidenced by the Green Revolution. Rather, many environmental problems such as insecticide resistant pests, soil erosion, and pesticide poisoning of both people and wildlife resulted. During the 1980s and 1990s food security became recognized as a major public health concern in industrialized countries.[15]  The concept of food entitlement was introduced in 1981 along with a shift in focus to ensured food access with adequate supply at the individual or household level in industrialized nations.[13]  Food security was measured directly by anthropometric means or by food intake assessment, and indirectly by indicators of poverty, comparison of wages to food costs, employment rates and the use of emergency food programs.[13]  At the 1996 World Food Summit, the Rome Declaration on World Food Security reaffirmed, \u201cthe right of everyone to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger\u201d.[16]  Throughout the 1980s and 1990s most responses to food insecurity tended to occur at the community level.[6][15]  Community level initiatives allowed for more long lasting solutions to food issues as they were designed to empower individuals and increase knowledge and skills as opposed to providing only a temporary solution to food access. These efforts contributed largely to the evolution of the concept of CFS in the 1990s when environmental concerns were gaining recognition.[13]  The emerging concept of CFS captured the central idea that addressing food security at the community level would allow more interested parties to become involved in the decision-making and planning process as well as enable a larger range of issues to be addressed such as environmentally sustainable food production, fair wages for local producers, and more sustainable food assistance programs.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1794168", "text": "In common law jurisdictions, as a criminal offence, fraud takes many different forms, some general (e.g., theft by false pretense) and some specific to particular categories of victims or misconduct (e.g., bank fraud, insurance fraud, forgery).  The elements of fraud as a crime similarly vary.  The requisite elements of perhaps the most general form of criminal fraud, theft by false pretense, are the intentional deception of a victim by false representation or pretense with the intent of persuading the victim to part with property and with the victim parting with property in reliance on the representation or pretense and with the perpetrator intending to keep the property from the victim.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1795214", "text": "Badshahi Mosque, Lahore"}
{"id": "doc1795458", "text": "A director (Paul Lynde) decides to make a documentary on Tony and Roger. Roger gets a big swelled head when he overhears the director saying he is a natural-born actor. Problem is, the director was talking about Tony."}
{"id": "doc1795612", "text": "The National Legislative Council was eliminated, and the unwieldy, government-controlled National Assembly of Municipal Representatives\u2014which had 505 representatives, one from each corregimiento (municipal subdistrict)\u2014became the Legislative Assembly, with 67 members apportioned on the basis of population and directly elected. The independence of the judiciary and the Electoral Tribunal were strengthened, the term of the president was reduced to five years, and two vice presidents were to be elected. Guarantees of civil liberties were strengthened, and official support for candidates in elections was, at least in theory, severely restricted.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1796400", "text": "The etymology of the name is unknown. Suggestions include:"}
{"id": "doc1796951", "text": "I may appear to be dreaming and talking like Shaikh Chilli, but we aim to turn this MAO College into a University similar to that of Oxford or Cambridge. Like the churches of Oxford and Cambridge, there will be mosques attached to each College... The College will have a dispensary with a Doctor and a compounder, besides a Unani Hakim. It will be mandatory on boys in residence to join the congregational prayers (namaz) at all the five times. Students of other religions will be exempted from this religious observance. Muslim students will have a uniform consisting of a black alpaca, half-sleeved chugha and a red Fez cap... Bad and abusive words which boys generally pick up and get used to, will be strictly prohibited. Even such a word as a \"liar\" will be treated as an abuse to be prohibited. They will have food either on tables of European style or on chaukis in the manner of the Arabs... Smoking of cigarette or huqqa and the chewing of betels shall be strictly prohibited. No corporal punishment or any such punishment as is likely to injure a student's self-respect will be permissible... It will be strictly enforced that Shia and Sunni boys shall not discuss their religious differences in the College or in the boarding house. At present it is like a day dream. I pray to God that this dream may come true.\"[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1796956", "text": "Sir Syed's educational model and progressive thinking inspired Muslim elites who supported the AIML. Ahmad Khan founded the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference in 1886 in order to promote Western education, especially science and literature, among India's Muslims. The conference, in addition to generating funds for Ahmad Khan's Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, motivated Muslim elites to propose expansion of educational uplift elsewhere, known as the Aligarh Movement. In turn this new awareness of Muslim needs helped stimulate a political consciousness among Muslim elites that went on to form the AIML.[51]"}
{"id": "doc1797563", "text": "The film opened in 4th place at the Japanese box office,[9] and held a top ten location until its 5th week.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1798523", "text": "The game was not announced by any publication, nor at any gaming expo. In a video review on Kid confidence, It was said that the game was designed to actively engage preschoolers in an interactive, play-along adventure. It was also said that the PlayStation 2 version was the first game on PlayStation 2 to receive an EC+ rating from the ESRB (Entertainment Software Rating Board).[4]"}
{"id": "doc1798668", "text": "4. Under background, I'd like to add a sentence or two noting the original US Constitution's tacit acceptance of slavery (the 3/5 compromise, etc.), which often is mentioned in works on the subject."}
{"id": "doc1800323", "text": "(1821) Florida becomes a United States territory."}
{"id": "doc1801894", "text": "A cassette tape was released of Clarke himself reading the story."}
{"id": "doc1803558", "text": "In the UK, Revolver's fourteen tracks were released to radio stations throughout July 1966. In the US, it was the last Beatles album to be subjected to Capitol's policy of altering the band's intended running order and content. The release there coincided with the Beatles' final concert tour, which was marred by the controversy surrounding John Lennon's remark that the band had become \"more popular than Jesus\". The record topped the UK Albums Chart for seven weeks and America's Billboard Top LPs list for six weeks. Together with the children's novelty song \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Eleanor Rigby\" became an international hit when issued as a double A-side single. The album cover was designed by Klaus Voormann, whose work combined Aubrey Beardsley-inspired line drawing with photo collage and went on to win the 1967 Grammy Award for Best Album Cover, Graphic Arts. The 1987 international CD release standardised the album's content to the original Parlophone version."}
{"id": "doc1803573", "text": "\u00e2\u20ac\u201c Paul McCartney, 1966"}
{"id": "doc1803595", "text": "\u00e2\u20ac\u201c George Harrison, October 1966"}
{"id": "doc1803620", "text": "Whereas Sgt. Pepper had long been identified as the Beatles' greatest album, since the 2000s Revolver has often surpassed it in lists of the group's best work.[364] Sheffield cites the album's 1987 CD release, with the full complement of Lennon compositions, as marking the start of a process whereby Revolver \"steadily climbed in public estimation\" to become recognised as the Beatles' finest work.[130] In Britain, its supremacy over Sgt. Pepper was one of the cultural revisions established by the Britpop phenomenon in the 1990s.[365] Writing on the BBC's website in August 2016, Greg Kot identified the \"More popular than Christ\" controversy and the attention subsequently afforded the release of Sgt. Pepper in 1967 as the two factors that had contributed to Revolver being relatively overlooked. Kot concluded that the ensuing decades had seen this impression reversed, since Revolver \"does everything Sgt Pepper did, except it did it first and often better. It just wasn\u2019t as well-packaged and marketed.\"[366][nb 26]"}
{"id": "doc1804263", "text": "On December 19, 2012, it was announced that he would appear in the CW show Beauty & the Beast as Gabriel Lowen, an assistant district attorney.[15]"}
{"id": "doc1804347", "text": "The fourth season premiere showed cameos from prominent members of the fashion and film industry. During the Fashion's Night Out party, fashion models Corinna Drengk and Karlie Kloss make a cameo appearance as Lily's guests and French actress and fashion model Lou Doillon makes a cameo during Serena and Blair's double date.[7] A new love interest for Blair had been cast for the Paris story arc. French actor Hugo Becker was cast as Louis Grimaldi, a member of the Mon\u00c3\u00a9gasque royal family and suitor to Blair.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1805745", "text": "Palindromic sequences may also have methylation sites.[citation needed]\nThese are the sites where a methyl group can be attached to the palindromic sequence. Methylation makes the resistant gene inactive; this is called insertional inactivation or insertional mutagenesis. For example, in PBR322 methylation at the tetracyclin resistant gene makes the plasmid liable to tetracyclin; after methylation at the tetracyclin resistant gene if the plasmid is exposed to antibiotic tetracyclin, it does not survive."}
{"id": "doc1806221", "text": "Legislative power is invested in the 550-seat Grand National Assembly of Turkey (T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi), representing 81 provinces. The members are elected for a four-year term by mitigated proportional representation with an election threshold of 10%. To be represented in Parliament, a party must win at least 10% of the national vote in a national parliamentary election.  Independent candidates may run, and to be elected, they must only win enough to get one seat.  The threshold is set to be reduced.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1809347", "text": "This is transposed by the unlimited liability attached to a sole proprietary business. The owner carries the financial responsibility for all debts and/or losses suffered by the business, to the extent of using personal or other assets, to discharge any outstanding liabilities. The owner is exclusively liable for all business activities conducted by the sole proprietorship and accordingly, entitled to full control and all earnings associated with it. The general aspect according to general business law is that this type of business ownership does not embody a \u201clegal entity\u201d Furthermore, any attempted and unreliable distinctions of the business do not change the classification under this title."}
{"id": "doc1809375", "text": "Michael Mauch, the son of Hans, once described the origin of their names: \"Frick took his name from a small village in Switzerland; Frack is a Swiss-German word for a frock coat, which my father used to wear in the early days of their skating act. They put the words together as a typical Swiss joke.\""}
{"id": "doc1809840", "text": "The short-lived CBS show Listen Up! was based on the life of Tony Kornheiser.[41][51] In it, the main characters Tony Kleinman (Jason Alexander) and Bernie Widmer (Malcolm-Jamal Warner) co-hosted an off-beat sports show titled \"Listen Up!\"[52] On the day Listen Up! debuted, Warner and Alexander appeared in character on PTI's intro."}
{"id": "doc1810672", "text": "In the United States, the obligation is in Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). This warranty will apply to a merchant (that is, a person who makes an occupation of selling things) who regularly deals in the type of merchandise sold."}
{"id": "doc1812456", "text": "The post 2008 economic crisis has led to a marked decline in high-level policy interest in long-term policy objectives such as sustainable development. A new \u2018Europe 2020\u2019 strategy replaced the Lisbon Strategy in 2010; it reduced the environmental dimension to energy and resource efficiency. The words \u2018sustainable development\u2019 are not even mentioned. The future of the EU\u2019s sustainable development policies is uncertain and it is possible that the EU will return once again to a narrower focus on environmental policy."}
{"id": "doc1812653", "text": "Unlike the south of Mesopotamia, the native Akkadian kings of Assyria repelled Amorite advances during the 20th and 19th centuries BC. However this changed in 1813 BC when an Amorite king named Shamshi-Adad I usurped the throne of Assyria. Although claiming descendency from the native Assyrian king Ushpia, he was regarded as an interloper. Shamshi-Adad I created a regional empire in Assyria, maintaining and expanding the established colonies in Asia Minor and Syria. His son Ishme-Dagan I continued this process, however his successors were eventually conquered by Hammurabi, a fellow Amorite from Babylon. The three Amorite kings succeeding Ishme-Dagan were vassals of Hammurabi, but after his death, a native Akkadian vice regent Puzur-Sin overthrew the Amorites of Babylon and a period of civil war with multiple claimants to the throne ensued, ending with the succession of king Adasi c. 1720 BC."}
{"id": "doc1812659", "text": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire is usually considered to have begun with the accession of Adad-nirari II, in 911 BC, lasting until the fall of Nineveh at the hands of the Babylonians, Medes, Scythians and Cimmerians in 612 BC. The empire was the largest and most powerful the world had yet seen. At its height Assyria conquered the 25th dynasty Egypt (and expelled its Nubian/Kushite dynasty) as well as Babylonia, Chaldea, Elam, Media, Persia, Urartu, Phoenicia, Aramea/Syria, Phrygia, the Neo-Hittites, Hurrians, northern Arabia, Gutium, Israel, Judah, Moab, Edom, Corduene, Cilicia, Mannea and parts of Ancient Greece (such as Cyprus), and defeated and/or exacted tribute from Scythia, Cimmeria, Lydia, Nubia, Ethiopia and others."}
{"id": "doc1812660", "text": "The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 620 BC and ended in 539 BC. During the preceding three centuries, Babylonia had been ruled by their fellow Akkadian speakers and northern neighbours, Assyria. The Assyrians had managed to maintain Babylonian loyalty through the Neo-Assyrian period, whether through granting of increased privileges, or militarily, but that finally changed after 627 BC with the death of the last strong Assyrian ruler, Ashurbanipal, and Babylonia rebelled under Nabopolassar a Chaldean chieftain the following year. In alliance with king Cyaxares of the Medes, and with the help of the Scythians and Cimmerians the city of Nineveh was sacked in 612 BC, Assyria fell by 605 BC and the seat of empire was transferred to Babylonia for the first time since Hammurabi."}
{"id": "doc1812661", "text": "After the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC, the Assyrian empire descended into a series of bitter civil wars, allowing its former vassals to free themselves. Cyaxares reorganized and modernized the Median Army, then joined with King Nabopolassar of Babylon. These allies, together with the Scythians, overthrew the Assyrian Empire and destroyed Nineveh in 612 BC. After the final victory at Carchemish in 605 BC the Medes and Babylonians ruled Assyria. Babylon and Media fell under Persian rule in the 6th century BC (Cyrus the Great)."}
{"id": "doc1813688", "text": "Since land contracts can easily be written or modified by any seller or buyer; one may come across any variety of repayment plans. Interest only, negative amortizations, short balloons, extremely long amortizations just to name a few. It is not uncommon for land contracts to go unrecorded. For several reasons, the buyer or seller may decide that the contract is not to be recorded in the register of deeds. This does not make the contract invalid, but it does increase exposure to undesirable side effects. Some states, such as Minnesota, issue contracts without an acceleration clause, which in the case of a default leaves the seller in a position to either cancel the contract, discharging any principal deficiency, as in the case of deprecation, or to litigate for 18 months or more while letting the buyer, if not a corporation, retain their rights to the property while collection attempts are made, by which time the buyer will often qualify for bankruptcy, making the contract, when lacking said acceleration clause, effectively an installment option, when the buyer has no other lienable assets. In bankruptcy, some regions will interpret it as an executory contract that can be rejected, while others will treat it as a debt to be paid out of the bankruptcy trust. This and a wide variety of other legal ambiguities has led to a trend toward eliminating the use of Land Contracts to remove any incentives, and as a result, the disadvantages that these contracts have compared to the standard note and mortgage, which are more clearly defined in, and regulated by, law. [2]"}
{"id": "doc1815194", "text": "The Assyrian people of south east Anatolia, northern Mesopotamia and north western Persia also threw in their lot with the Russians and British, under the leadership of Agha Petros and Malik Khoshaba.[15]"}
{"id": "doc1815291", "text": "The following decade, the priest Gonzalo Palacios propelled massive architectural expansions, with the addition of a third floor to the East-West science wing and in April 1935 the demolition of the Chemistry shed. The General Library was shifted to the new central building providing space for over 100,000 books and 6,000 volumes of periodicals. The college took charge of the Abdulla Fazalbhoy Technical Institute for Radio and Cinema (now St. Xavier's Technical Institute) near Mahim Causeway. More rooms were added to the hostel together with a tower. The construction of the college chapel, which had begun in 1937, was completed under the reign of Principal Aloysius Coyne (1940\u20131949).[17] The college hall was inaugurated in January 1937 by Lord Brabourne, Governor of Bombay (1933\u20131937).[13] In August 1939, the non-degree course for the Teacher's Diploma was started, while Microbiology was revolutionized.[18] After India's independence in 1947, Hindi began to be taught in the college from June 1949 and several new departments were instituted, such as the Department of Sociology and Anthropology (1951) and the Department of Psychology (1957).[19]"}
{"id": "doc1815899", "text": "Although the program is primarily written and produced by WGBH of Boston, the production of the animation and voice acting are done in Montreal, Toronto, South Korea, and Hong Kong. The animation of the show was done at AKOM Production Company from season 1 to 11, then at Animation Services (HK) Ltd from season 12 to 15. The entire cast of Arthur lives in Montreal or Toronto, where Cookie Jar Entertainment's studios are located. The only segments of the show that are filmed outside Canada are the \"A Word from Us Kids\" interstitials, filmed at elementary schools or other educational sites in the Boston area. Beginning in Season 11, the \"A Word From Us Kids\" segment was replaced by a segment called \"Postcards from You\", where live-action videos sent in by young viewers were spotlighted per episode, and then replaced with \"A Word from Us Kids\" in season 12. The segments are omitted from all airings outside the U.S."}
{"id": "doc1816051", "text": "A spin off series entitled Made in Chelsea: LA was confirmed on 14 May 2015.[56] It was announced that the cast of Made in Chelsea would be travelling to Los Angeles to film a special series of the show. It was revealed that this would be a stand-alone series which would not be promoted as the tenth series. The tenth series will in fact follow in October 2015. Filming for the spin-off began in late May 2015 and concluded in late-July. This is the second spin-off show filmed in America following the NYC special the previous year. The third episode of this series was filmed in Las Vegas.[57] The six-episode series began on 10 August 2015 on E4. It also featured the brief return of former cast member Gabriella Ellis,[58] as well as the permanent return of Ollie Locke.[citation needed] It was the only series to include American cast members Olivia Fox and Naz Gharai, and the last to include Josh Shepherd. Whilst most of the Chelsea cast featured in this spin-off, there was notable absences from Elliot Cross, Oliver Proudlock, Millie Wilkinson, Nicola Hughes, Rosie Fortescue, Sam Thompson, Spencer Matthews, Tiff Watson and Victoria Baker-Harber. The series included the end of the relationship between Josh and Stephanie, Jamie starting a holiday romance with Naz before eventually realising he actually has feelings for Jess, and Binky opening up to JP about her growing love for him only for him to break things off completely."}
{"id": "doc1816064", "text": "Former cast member Amber Atherton left the show in the third season in order to concentrate on her jewellery business. She has personally sold items to the Duchess of Cambridge.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1816074", "text": "An official app created by Channel 4 was made available to download in the fourth quarter of 2013. A second version was made available to download for Android and iOS phones on 3 April 2014. The synopsis of the game reads \"The Chelsea gang are back in town with a bang, for yet exciting adventures! Enjoy a host of brand new story lines - as you once again play to become the ultimate socialite in the world of BAFTA-winning TV show Made in Chelsea. Party with even of the cast as you rise up the social ladder - with Stevie (your new flatmate), Alex and Fran joining the ranks alongside the likes of Spencer, Proudlock and Binky\". You get to choose what you want to wear with the help of Mark Francis and Victoria and you are able to wear the clothes that other members of the cast wear."}
{"id": "doc1816786", "text": "In 2011, TBS obtained the television rights to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, with broadcast rights shared with CBS, and fellow Turner properties TNT and TruTV. TBS and the other two Turner-owned networks presently broadcast games played in the second and third rounds of the tournament, with TBS alternating coverage with CBS for the Regional Semifinals (Sweet Sixteen).[8] In 2014 and 2015, TBS and CBS split coverage of the Regional Finals (Elite Eight), with TBS gaining the two Saturday evening games and CBS retaining the two Sunday afternoon games. Also in 2014 and 2015, TBS covered the National Semifinals (Final Four). In 2016, TBS will televise the Final Four and the National Championship Game, beginning an alternating agreement with CBS through 2024. In even-numbered years, TBS will have the final three games, and in odd-numbered years, CBS will televise the games."}
{"id": "doc1817763", "text": "Astatine's alpha decay energies follow the same trend as for other heavy elements.[104] Lighter astatine isotopes have quite high energies of alpha decay, which become lower as the nuclei become heavier. Astatine-211 has a significantly higher energy than the previous isotope, because it has a nucleus with 126 neutrons, and 126 is a magic number corresponding to a filled neutron shell. Despite having a similar half-life to the previous isotope (8.1\u00a0hours for astatine-210 and 7.2\u00a0hours for astatine-211), the alpha decay probability is much higher for the latter: 41.81% against only 0.18%.[7][j] The two following isotopes release even more energy, with astatine-213 releasing the most energy. For this reason, it is the shortest-lived astatine isotope.[104] Even though heavier astatine isotopes release less energy, no long-lived astatine isotope exists, because of the increasing role of beta decay (electron emission).[104] This decay mode is especially important for astatine; as early as 1950 it was postulated that all isotopes of the element undergo beta decay.[105] Beta decay modes have been found for all astatine isotopes except astatine-213, -214, -215, and -216m.[7] Astatine-210 and lighter isotopes exhibit beta plus decay (positron emission), astatine-216 and heavier isotopes exhibit beta (minus) decay, and astatine-212 decays via both modes, while astatine-211 undergoes electron capture.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1817839", "text": "Benito Ju\u00e1rez monument located in central Ju\u00e1rez"}
{"id": "doc1817958", "text": "A key ancestor is the lyric Waly, Waly, Gin Love Be Bonny from Ramsay's Tea Table Miscellany (1724), given below. This is a jumble of verses from other lyrics including Arthur's Seat shall be my Bed (1701), The Distressed Virgin (1633) and the Scottish scandal ballad Jamie Douglas (1776)."}
{"id": "doc1818011", "text": "It played in the opening and closing credits of the 1964 film, \"Nobody Waved Goodbye.\""}
{"id": "doc1818632", "text": "The Earth's day has increased in length over time. This phenomenon is due to tides raised by the Moon which slow Earth's rotation. Because of the way the second is defined, the mean length of a day is now about 86 400.002 seconds, and is increasing by about 1.7 milliseconds per century (an average over the last 2 700 years). (See tidal acceleration for details.) The length of a day circa 620 million years ago has been estimated from rhythmites (alternating layers in sandstone) as having been about 21.9 hours. The length of day for the Earth before the moon was created is still unknown.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1818635", "text": "A day according to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) can include a negative or positive leap second, and can therefore have a length of either 86 399 or 86 401 seconds."}
{"id": "doc1818651", "text": "In places which experience the midnight sun (polar day), daytime may extend beyond one 24 hour period and could even extend to months"}
{"id": "doc1818808", "text": "A trustee, including trustees of certain pension schemes, must file form SA900 by 31 January following the end of the relevant tax year for those who complete the tax return online and by 31 October following the end of the tax year for those who file by a paper return. A personal representative administering the estate of a deceased person must file a form SA900 if the affairs of the estate are complex. Whether or not a tax return is required, each beneficiary's share of taxable income is reported to the beneficiary on form R185."}
{"id": "doc1823034", "text": "Many people are unaware that there are, in fact, two Bushmen. When Gregory Jacobs first came up with this gig, he recruited David Johnson, a man he met at Fisherman's Wharf. As they worked together they developed a close friendship. Johnson's deep voice scares those who unknowingly pass by the man-made bush. Back then, Johnson would hold the bush and Jacobs would tell the jokes, entertain those watching the action, and collect the tips. It has been about fifteen years, and now they are complete enemies. Jacobs accuses Johnson of running off with their money. Jacobs tries to avoid any conflicts with Johnson by not working where and when he is.\"[7]"}
{"id": "doc1824654", "text": "Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars, called its stellar day by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is 86164.098 903 691 seconds of mean solar time (UT1) (23h 56m 4.098 903 691s).[2][3] Earth's rotation period relative to the precessing or moving mean vernal equinox, its sidereal day, is 86164.090 530 832 88 seconds of mean solar time (UT1) (23h 56m 4.090 530 832 88s).[2] Thus the sidereal day is shorter than the stellar day by about 8.4 ms.[4] The length of the mean solar day in SI seconds is available from the IERS for the periods 1623\u20132005[5] and 1962\u20132005.[6] Recently (1999\u20132005) the average annual length of the mean solar day in excess of 86400 SI seconds has varied between 0.3 ms and 1 ms, which must be added to both the stellar and sidereal days given in mean solar time above to obtain their lengths in SI seconds."}
{"id": "doc1824656", "text": "Appearing during the show's second act, Belle sings \"A Change in Me\" to her father Maurice after reuniting with him to explain how much she has matured and changed for the better while she was imprisoned at the Beast's castle. Immediately popular among critics and audiences, the pop ballad has been positively received since Braxton debuted it, remaining part of the show's set list ever since. Actress Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle in 1994, recorded the first studio version of \"A Change in Me\" in 2002 for her debut studio album So Far; her cover was the song's first English-language recording."}
{"id": "doc1824664", "text": "Since \"A Change in Me\" was introduced four years into Beauty and the Beast's run,[8] the song has not yet been included on any official English-language cast albums.[45] However, it has been recorded for the 2005 Manila, 2008 Madrid and 2009 Barcelona original cast recordings of the musical by various actresses in their native languages.[46] It has since been covered by several artists. Actress Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle when the show premiered in 1994, had already long left the production by the time \"A Change in Me\" was introduced. She covered the song for her debut studio album So Far in 2002.[47][48] Arranged and produced by Craig Barna, Egan's version of \"A Change in Me\" was the first English-language studio recording of the song.[49]"}
{"id": "doc1825079", "text": "These angels are those through which signs and miracles are made in the world.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1825428", "text": "Chapel & Garden from north"}
{"id": "doc1826212", "text": "For rums from Spanish-speaking locales, the word ron is used. A ron a\u00c3\u00b1ejo (\"old rum\") indicates a rum that has been significantly aged and is often used for premium products."}
{"id": "doc1827142", "text": "In the summer of 2005, a bill was introduced to the state legislature to add \"Pennsylvania\" to the bottom of the flag in golden letters. The Pennsylvania House of Representatives voted in favor of the change.[5] The legislation was proposed by State Representative Tim Solobay.[6]  The Senate has not yet taken action on the bill."}
{"id": "doc1827146", "text": "Flag of the Governor of Pennsylvania"}
{"id": "doc1827382", "text": "Principal photography began on Monday, June 21,[5] in the very hot summer of 1976 for about four weeks.[2] Locations included Scott, Arkansas, Shreveport, Louisiana, Garland City, Arkansas, and Texarkana, Texas. The last scene filmed was the first attack, which was shot in front of Pierce's home in Shreveport.[2] About 19 Texarkana locals starred in the film along with several extras.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1828659", "text": "There is no statute that prevents the creation of new hereditary peerages; they may technically be created at any time, and the government continues to maintain pro forma letters patent for their creation. The most recent policies outlining the creation of new peerages, the Royal Warrant of 2004, explicitly apply to both hereditary and life peers.[12] However, successive governments have largely disowned the practice, and the Royal Household website currently describes the Queen as the fount of honour for \"life peerages, knighthoods and gallantry awards\", with no mention of hereditary titles.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1828693", "text": "Strabo (c. 63 BC \u2013 AD 24) reports that King Ateas united under his power the Scythian tribes living between the Maeotian marshes and the Danube. His westward expansion brought him into conflict with Philip II of Macedon (reigned 359 to 336 BC), who took military action against the Scythians in 339 BC. Ateas died in battle, and his empire disintegrated. In the aftermath of this defeat, the Celts seem to have displaced the Scythians from the Balkans; while in south Russia, a kindred tribe, the Sarmatians, gradually overwhelmed them. In 329 BC Philip's son, Alexander the Great, came into conflict with the Scythians at the Battle of Jaxartes. A Scythian army sought to take revenge against the Macedonians for the death of Ateas, as they pushed the borders of their empire north and east, and to take advantage of a revolt by the local Sogdian satrap. However, the Scythian army was defeated by Alexander at the Battle of Jaxartes. Alexander did not intend to subdue the nomads: he wanted to go to the south, where a far more serious crisis demanded his attention. He could do so now without loss of face; and in order to make the outcome acceptable to the Saccae, he released the Scythian prisoners of war without ransom in order to broker a peace agreement. This policy was successful, and the Scythians no longer harassed Alexander's empire. By the time of Strabo's account (the first decades AD), the Crimean Scythians had created a new kingdom extending from the lower Dnieper to the Crimea. The kings Skilurus and Palakus waged wars with Mithridates the Great (reigned 120\u201363 BC) for control of the Crimean littoral, including Chersonesos Taurica and the Cimmerian Bosporus. Their capital city, Scythian Neapolis, stood on the outskirts of modern Simferopol. The Goths destroyed it later, in the mid-3rd century AD."}
{"id": "doc1828868", "text": "The Sultan Abdul Majid I took thirteen years to rebuild the mosque, which started in 1849.[25] Red stone bricks were used as the main material in reconstruction of the mosque. The floor area of the mosque was increased by 1293 square metre. On the walls, verses from the Quran were inscribed in Islamic calligraphy. In the northern side of the mosque, a madrasah was built for \"teaching Quranic lessons\".[26]"}
{"id": "doc1829564", "text": "If the type declaration on the first line were omitted, the program would trigger an error on compilation, as the variable \"p\" would not be defined. But the program would still be syntactically correct since type declarations provide only semantic information."}
{"id": "doc1829626", "text": "Bayern became the domestically worst winner of the European Champions Cup up to then, finishing only 10th in the Bundesliga, with even points and a negative goal difference. Only Aston Villa would do domestically worse in the year of their European title win. In 1982, when they defeated Bayern 1\u20130 in the final, the team from Birmingham finished 11th in the First Division, also with even points, but a positive goal difference. For Bayern coach Dettmar Cramer, who took over from Udo Lattek early in the season, this was the first of three international club titles. He remained without domestic silverware. Franz Roth scored for the second time in a European final, after the Cup Winners' Cup final in 1967, putting Bayern ahead 1\u20130 in this final, and drew level with Sandro Mazzola from Italy's Internazionale, who achieved this in the champions' finals 1964 and 1967."}
{"id": "doc1830328", "text": "The music video was included on the video albums: Video Greatest Hits \u2013 HIStory (long version on DVD and short version on VHS), Number Ones (short version), Michael Jackson's Vision (long version) and the Target version DVD of Bad 25 (long version)."}
{"id": "doc1831403", "text": "A high obliquity would probably result in dramatic changes in the climate and may destroy the planet's habitability.[34] When the axial tilt of the Earth exceeds 54\u00b0, the yearly insolation at the equator is less than that at the poles. The planet could remain at an obliquity of 60\u00b0 to 90\u00b0 for periods as long as 10\u00a0million years.[44]"}
{"id": "doc1832253", "text": "The film was shot on location throughout St. Cloud, Minnesota (where Sommers grew up), and at Cathedral High School and Apollo High School, which Sommers attended. It was funded independently and had a budget of $800,000. The film was Sommers's directorial debut and was written by him. When production finished, the studio that had promised to distribute the movie had gone out of business, and it was eventually released by MCA Inc. in July 1989. The movie did not fare well at the box office, grossing only $3686 in its domestic run, but it made $7 million overseas.[4][5]"}
{"id": "doc1833160", "text": "In 1960, Stuart was cast as the legendary gambler Poker Alice, the mother of seven children, in three episodes of the CBS-Desilu western series The Texan, starring Rory Calhoun as Bill Longley, a kind gunfighter who assists the downtrodden as he roams across the American West. The real Longley, however, was a desperado who was hanged for his crimes.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1834170", "text": "On September 11, 1946, five people \u2014 namely Dr. Francisco T. Dalupan Sr., Dr. Hermengildo B. Reyes, Jos\u00e9 L. Torres, Enid Mapa and Santiago de la Cruz \u2014 established the Philippine College of Commerce and Business Administration (PCCBA) along R. Papa St. in Sampaloc, Manila. The PCCBA admitted 350 students in the summer of 1947. The following year, more students enrolled and more academic units were organized, and the PCCBA moved to what is now UE's main campus on 2219 Claro M. Recto Avenue."}
{"id": "doc1834759", "text": "The phrase has also been used as a song title by several other bands and music artists, including Steve Bell, The Get Up Kids, Ulver, Mayhem, and Shai Linne in The Solus Christus Project."}
{"id": "doc1836039", "text": "The method is frequently used for conditionally invoking test/debugging code without requiring additional computational overhead for every input/output cycle."}
{"id": "doc1836919", "text": "Bloons TD 4 was released on October 26, 2009 as an online freemium game with a proprietary iOS version released on December 7, 2010, developed in conjunction with Digital Goldfish.[21][22][23] The gameplay underwent changes including a graphical update, the ability to save the current game, and the introduction of an unlock-based leveling system.[3] The tower upgrading system received various changes including increasing the number of upgrades per tower,[13] and new maps and game modes were added.[24]"}
{"id": "doc1837585", "text": "Ron Barstow was the sheriff of Haddonfield, Illinois in 1963. On October 31, 1963 shortly after 10:00 P.M., he was called to the Myers residence in response to a homicide investigation regarding Judith Myers. At the residence, he overheard Edith Myers saying \"He's come back\" or \"It's come back\". Later on, Sheriff Ron Barstow asked Edith what she meant and was given the answer that a thing or something had once possessed her grandfather. With that answer, he then went to the town hall and researched Edith's family history through old newspaper clippings and records."}
{"id": "doc1837759", "text": "Cuba, then a Spanish colony, built its first rail line in 1837. The history of rail transport in peninsular Spain begins in 1848 with the construction of a railway line between Barcelona and Matar\u00f3. In 1852, the first narrow gauge line was built. In 1863 a line reached the Portuguese border. By 1864, the Madrid-Irun line had been opened and the French border was reached."}
{"id": "doc1837769", "text": "In 1830, there were about 75 miles (121\u00a0km) of railroad track, in short lines linked to coal and granite mines.[79]). After this, railroad lines grew rapidly. Ten years later, in 1840, the railways had grown to 2,800 miles (4,500\u00a0km). By 1860, on the eve of civil war, the length had reached 29,000 miles (47,000\u00a0km), mostly in the North. The South had much less trackage and it was geared to moving cotton short distances to river or ocean ports. The Southern railroads were destroyed during the war but were soon rebuilt. By 1890, the national system was virtually complete with 164,000 miles (264,000\u00a0km).[80]"}
{"id": "doc1837771", "text": "In Latin America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries railways were critical elements in the early stages of modernization of the Latin American economy, especially in linking agricultural regions to export-oriented seaports.[82] After 1870 Latin American governments encouraged further rail development through generous concessions that included government subsidies for construction. Railway construction is the subject of considerable scholarship, examining the economic, political, and social impacts of railroads. Railways transformed many regions of Latin America beginning in the late nineteenth century. \"Increasing exports of primary commodities, rising imports of capital goods, the expansion of activities drawing directly and indirectly on overseas investment, the rising share of manufacturing in output, and a generalized increase in the pace and scope of economic activity were all tied closely to the timing and character of the region's infrastructural development.[83]"}
{"id": "doc1838510", "text": "Hopper shot the film on location in Texas during what he described as the \"hottest, steamiest weather you could imagine\". The primary locations were in Taylor, Texas, especially its iconic downtown area,[7] locations around and in Austin as well as in Luling.[8] The swimming scenes were filmed at the famous Hamilton Pool Preserve west of Austin.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1839188", "text": "In 2007, British comedian Justin Lee Collins went searching for all the stars of Dallas to bring them together for a special reunion party. The show was broadcast at 9 p.m. Sunday, May 27, 2007, on UK television network Channel 4 as part of the Bring Back... series. After hunting down most of the main cast by any means necessary (e.g., climbing over security fences and ambushing hotels), Collins interviewed them and gained more knowledge about some of the decisions made throughout the show's seasons. The participants amongst the cast were Larry Hagman, Linda Gray, Patrick Duffy, Ken Kercheval, Charlene Tilton, Susan Howard and Mary Crosby. He held his own Oil Baron's Ball, where none of the main cast turned up. However, the actor who played baby Christopher (Eric Farlow) attended. Charlene Tilton spoke in an interview in 2011 about the program, which she said was one of her and the cast's worst experiences ever.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1840131", "text": "If p and q are odd primes, then:"}
{"id": "doc1840164", "text": "If the modulus n has been factored into prime powers the solution was discussed above."}
{"id": "doc1840635", "text": "The Delaware House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly; the state legislature of the US state of Delaware. It is composed of 41 Representatives from an equal number of constituencies, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Its members are not subject to term limits. The House meets at the Delaware Legislative Hall in Dover."}
{"id": "doc1840660", "text": "Until 1883 each United States railroad chose its own time standards. The Pennsylvania Railroad used the \"Allegheny Time\" system, an astronomical timekeeping service which had been developed by Samuel Pierpont Langley at the Western University of Pennsylvania's Allegheny Observatory in Pittsburgh. Instituted in 1869, the Allegheny Observatory's service is believed to have been the first regular and systematic system of time distribution to railroads and cities as well as the origin of the modern standard time system.[1] By 1870 the Allegheny Time service extended over 2,500 miles with 300 telegraph offices receiving time signals.[2] However, almost all railroads out of New York ran on New York time, and railroads west from Chicago mostly used Chicago time, but between Chicago and Pittsburgh/Buffalo the norm was Columbus time, even on railroads such as the PFtW&C and LS&MS, which did not run through Columbus. The Santa Fe Railroad used Jefferson City (Missouri) time all the way to its west end at Deming, New Mexico, as did the east-west lines across Texas; Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads used San Francisco time all the way to El Paso. The Northern Pacific Railroad had seven time zones between St. Paul and the 1883 west end of the railroad at Wallula Jct; the Union Pacific Railway was at the other extreme, with only two time zones between Omaha and Ogden.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1841144", "text": "It is an example of repressible negative regulation of gene expression. Within the operon's regulatory sequence, the operator is blocked by the repressor protein in the presence of tryptophan (thereby preventing transcription) and is liberated in tryptophan's absence (thereby allowing transcription). The process of attenuation (explained below) complements this regulatory action."}
{"id": "doc1841145", "text": "The operon operates by a negative repressible feedback mechanism. The repressor for the trp operon is produced upstream by the trpR gene, which is constitutively expressed at a low level. Synthesized trpR monomers associate into dimers. When tryptophan is present, these tryptophan repressor dimers bind to tryptophan, causing a change in the repressor conformation, allowing the repressor to bind to the operator. This prevents RNA polymerase from binding to and transcribing the operon, so tryptophan is not produced from its precursor. When tryptophan is not present, the repressor is in its inactive conformation and cannot bind the operator region, so transcription is not inhibited by the repressor."}
{"id": "doc1841146", "text": "Attenuation is a second mechanism of negative feedback in the trp operon. The repression system targets the intracellular trp concentration whereas the attenuation responds to the concentration of charged tRNAtrp.[2] Thus, the trpR repressor decreases gene expression by altering the initiation of transcription, while attenuation does so by altering the process of transcription that's already in progress.[2] While the TrpR repressor decreases transcription by a factor of 70, attenuation can further decrease it by a factor of 10, thus allowing accumulated repression of about 700-fold.[3] Attenuation is made possible by the fact that in prokaryotes (which have no nucleus), the ribosomes begin translating the mRNA while RNA polymerase is still transcribing the DNA sequence. This allows the process of translation to affect transcription of the operon directly."}
{"id": "doc1842144", "text": "The reliability of the results can be improved by lengthening the testing time. For example, if counting beta decays for 250 minutes is enough to give an error of \u00c2\u00b1 80 years, with 68% confidence, then doubling the counting time to 500 minutes will allow a sample with only half as much 14C to be measured with the same error term of 80 years.[64]"}
{"id": "doc1842244", "text": "Rather than pass a specific Regency Act relating to the death or incapacity of George VI only, Parliament passed the Regency Act 1937 (1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6 c. 16), which provided for the incapacity or minority of all future monarchs.  It also repealed the Lords Justices Act 1837, and established in statute the office of Counsellor of State, to be appointed during the monarch's absence abroad, or temporary illness not amounting to complete incapacity."}
{"id": "doc1842984", "text": "In July 2004, exactly 50 years after its first release, the song was released as a CD single in the United Kingdom, and entered the UK Singles Chart at Number 3. It also became a minor hit outside the UK, debuting and peaking at Number 31 in Australia and Number 33 in Ireland."}
{"id": "doc1843369", "text": "She made the transition to Hollywood in the live-action comedy Scooby-Doo (2002), and has since risen to international prominence for her roles in the films Wedding Crashers (2005),[2] Horton Hears a Who! (2008), Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009), Rango (2011), The Great Gatsby (2013), and Now You See Me (2013). Her other notable film credits include I Heart Huckabees (2004), The Lookout (2007), Definitely, Maybe (2008), Bachelorette (2012), Rise of the Guardians (2012), Keeping Up with the Joneses (2016), and Nocturnal Animals (2016). She also plays a recurring role in the fourth and fifth seasons of  Arrested Development (2013, 2018)."}
{"id": "doc1843682", "text": "After the American Civil War and Emancipation, most freedmen continued to work on plantations, generally by a system of sharecropping. The poverty of the South and decline in agricultural prices after the war caused suffering for planters and workers both. Although this had been a richly productive region, the agricultural economy was depressed in the late 19th century; by the early 20th century, there was a general economic collapse of the region. Among its many causes were continued depressed cotton prices, over-reliance on agriculture, soil erosion and depletion, the boll weevil invasion and subsequent collapse of the cotton economy, and the socially repressive Jim Crow laws."}
{"id": "doc1844590", "text": "The concept of livelihoods is directly drawn from the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) to international development. The approach and subsequent practical framework is credited to Robert Chambers, who, writing from the mid-1980s and onward, was interested in fostering efficiency in development cooperation. The approach was later developed and utilized by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID).The approach is considered to be more comprehensive than previous theories and methodology of \"conventional\" development initiatives. The core concepts include: taking a holistic view, building on community and individual strengths, focusing on linking both macro and micro-level thinking, sustainability, and maintaining a dynamic and ever-evolving framework. [2]"}
{"id": "doc1844826", "text": "On 1 February 2016, the Windows version of the game was made available for free via Origin's \"On the House\" program.[50]"}
{"id": "doc1844919", "text": "No team seeded 10 or lower has ever advanced to the Final Four; Gonzaga lost its 2011 regional final 83\u201360 to Stanford. Oregon lost its regional final to UConn, 90-52, in 2017, as a 10 seed, and Lamar in 1991 lost their regional final in 1991. In the men's tournament, four 11 seeds and one 10 seed have advanced to the Final Four\u201410th seed Syracuse in 2016, and 11th seeds Loyola-Chicago in 2018, VCU in 2011, George Mason in 2006, and LSU in 1986."}
{"id": "doc1844934", "text": "Because Ursa Minor consists of seven stars, the Latin word for \"north\" (i.e., where Polaris points) is septentrio, from septem (seven) and triones (oxen), from seven oxen driving a plough, which the seven stars also resemble. This name has also been attached to the main stars of Ursa Major.[13]"}
{"id": "doc1845104", "text": "In 1714, with the accession of George I, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Hanover both came to be ruled in personal union by the House of Hanover. Early Hanoverian monarchs were careful to keep the heirlooms of the two realms separate. George III gave half the British heirlooms to his bride, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, as a wedding present. In her will, Charlotte left the jewels to the 'House of Hanover'. The Kingdom of Hanover followed the Salic Law, whereby the line of succession went through male heirs. Thus, when Queen Victoria acceded to the throne of the United Kingdom, her uncle Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale became King of Hanover. King Ernest demanded a portion of the jewellery, not only as the monarch of Hanover but also as the son of Queen Charlotte. Victoria flatly declined to hand over any of the jewels, claiming they had been bought with British money. Ernest's son, George V of Hanover, continued to press the claim. Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, suggested that she make a financial settlement with the Hanoverian monarch to keep the jewels, but Parliament informed the Queen they would neither purchase the jewels nor loan funds for the purpose. A parliamentary commission was set up to investigate the matter and in 1857 they found in favour of the House of Hanover. On 28 January 1858, 10 years after Ernest's death, the jewels were handed to the Hanoverian Ambassador, Count Kielmansegg.[5] Victoria did manage to keep one of her favourite pieces of jewellery: a fine rope of pearls.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1845810", "text": "The replication fork is the junction between the newly separated template strands, known as the leading and lagging strands, and the double stranded DNA. Since duplex DNA is antiparallel, DNA replication occurs in opposite directions between the two new strands at the replication fork, but all DNA polymerases synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction with respect to the newly synthesized strand. Further coordination is required during DNA replication. Two replicative polymerases synthesize DNA in opposite orientations. Polymerase \u03b5 synthesizes DNA on the \"leading\" DNA strand continuously as it is pointing in the same direction as DNA unwinding by the replisome. In contrast, polymerase \u03b4 synthesizes DNA on the \"lagging\" strand, which is the opposite DNA template strand, in a fragmented or discontinuous manner."}
{"id": "doc1845876", "text": "However another story, usually maintained by Afghans, notes that his body was taken and buried in the Afghan city of Mazari Sharif at the famous Blue Mosque or Rawze-e-Sharif.[29]"}
{"id": "doc1846029", "text": "He begins working as a buffalo hunter, where he meets Bat Masterson and his brother Ed Masterson. The three become friends and work together hunting buffalo, with the two brothers working as Wyatt's skinners. Years pass, and he begins working as a Deputy Marshal in Wichita, Kansas, and builds a reputation as a good lawman. He is recruited to work as a deputy in Dodge City, with a lower salary, but for extra money for each arrest made, in the end making more than he would have in Wichita. In Dodge City he builds a hard reputation, and he kills his first man, a shooting witnessed by actress Josie Marcus. Wyatt becomes involved romantically with a prostitute, Mattie Blaylock, and the Mastersons begin working with him as deputies. Wyatt disagrees with Ed Masterson working as a lawman, believing him to be too passive. However, the Dodge City council decides that Ed is more acceptable than Wyatt due to the latter's excessive force, and fires him, appointing Ed to take his place. Wyatt then begins working for the railroad, capturing outlaws."}
{"id": "doc1846050", "text": "Three other radon isotopes have a half-life of over an hour: 211Rn, 210Rn and 224Rn. The 220Rn isotope is a natural decay product of the most stable thorium isotope (232Th), and is commonly referred to as thoron. It has a half-life of 55.6 seconds and also emits alpha radiation. Similarly, 219Rn is derived from the most stable isotope of actinium (227Ac)\u2014named \"actinon\"\u2014and is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 3.96 seconds.[28] No radon isotopes occur significantly in the neptunium (237Np) decay series, though a trace amount of the (extremely unstable) isotope 217Rn is produced."}
{"id": "doc1846923", "text": "In the following years, he led forays against the Crusaders in Palestine, commissioned the successful conquest of Yemen, and staved off pro-Fatimid rebellions in Upper Egypt. Not long after Nur ad-Din's death in 1174, Saladin launched his conquest of Syria, peacefully entering Damascus at the request of its governor. By mid-1175, Saladin had conquered Hama and Homs, inviting the animosity of other Zengid lords, the official rulers of Syria's various regions. Soon after, he defeated the Zengid army at the Battle of the Horns of Hama and was thereafter proclaimed the \"Sultan of Egypt and Syria\" by the Abbasid caliph al-Mustadi. Saladin made further conquests in northern Syria and Jazira, escaping two attempts on his life by the \"Assassins\", before returning to Egypt in 1177 to address issues there. By 1182, Saladin had completed the conquest of Muslim Syria after capturing Aleppo, but ultimately failed to take over the Zengid stronghold of Mosul.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1847142", "text": "The Beatles recorded their version on October 26, 1964[5] one of the last songs recorded for Beatles for Sale, which was released in the United Kingdom on December 4, 1964.[6] The North American release was on December 15 on Beatles '65.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1851601", "text": "She also appears regularly in Netflix's adaptation of A Series of Unfortunate Events, which premiered in 2017."}
{"id": "doc1852503", "text": "Designed by John Browning, the M1911 is the best-known of his designs to use the short recoil principle in its basic design. The pistol was widely copied, and this operating system rose to become the preeminent type of the 20th century and of nearly all modern centerfire pistols. It is popular with civilian shooters in competitive events such as USPSA, IDPA, International Practical Shooting Confederation, and Bullseye shooting. Compact variants are popular civilian concealed carry weapons in the U.S. because of the design's relatively slim width and stopping power[4] of the .45 ACP cartridge.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1852504", "text": "The M1911 pistol originated in the late 1890s as the result of a search for a suitable self-loading (or semi-automatic) pistol to replace the variety of revolvers then in service.[6] The United States was adopting new firearms at a phenomenal rate; several new pistols and two all-new service rifles (the M1892/96/98 Krag and M1895 Navy Lee), as well as a series of revolvers by Colt and Smith & Wesson for the Army and Navy, were adopted just in that decade. The next decade would see a similar pace, including the adoption of several more revolvers and an intensive search for a self-loading pistol that would culminate in official adoption of the M1911 after the turn of the decade."}
{"id": "doc1852518", "text": "World War II and the years leading up to it created a great demand. During the war, about 1.9 million units were procured by the U.S. Government for all forces, production being undertaken by several manufacturers, including Remington Rand (900,000 produced), Colt (400,000), Ithaca Gun Company (400,000), Union Switch & Signal (50,000), and Singer (500). New M1911A1 pistols were given a parkerized metal finish instead of blueing, and the wood grip panels were replaced with panels made of brown plastic. The M1911A1 was a favored small arm of both US and allied military personnel during the war, in particular, the pistol was prized by some British commando units and Britain's highly covert Special Operations Executive, as well as South African Commonwealth forces.[16][17][18]"}
{"id": "doc1852527", "text": "In the late 1980s, the Marines laid out a series of specifications and improvements to make Browning's design ready for 21st century combat, many of which have been included in MEU (SOC) pistol designs, but design and supply time was limited.[27] Discovering that the Los Angeles Police Department was pleased with their special Kimber M1911 pistols, a single source request was issued to Kimber for just such a pistol despite the imminent release of their TLE/RLII models.[28] Kimber shortly began producing a limited number of what would be later termed the Interim Close Quarters Battle pistol (ICQB). Maintaining the simple recoil assembly, 5-inch barrel (though using a stainless steel match grade barrel), and internal extractor, the ICQB is not much different from Browning's original design.[28]"}
{"id": "doc1852908", "text": "Michael Jackson, also known as the King of Pop, was a pop, music, dance and fashion icon. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres.[1][2][3][4]"}
{"id": "doc1856181", "text": "During World War II the .50 BMG was primarily used in the M2 Browning machine gun, in both its \"light barrel\" aircraft mount version and the \"heavy barrel\" (HB) version on ground vehicles, for anti-aircraft purposes. An upgraded variant of the M2 Browning HB machine gun used during World War II is still in use today. Since the mid-1950s, some armored personnel carriers and utility vehicles have been made to withstand 12.7\u00a0mm machine gun fire, restricting the destructive capability of the M2. It still has more penetrating power than lighter weapons such as general-purpose machine guns, though it is significantly heavier and more cumbersome to transport. Its range and accuracy, however, are superior to light machine guns when fixed on tripods, and it has not been replaced as the standard caliber for Western vehicle-mounted machine guns (Soviet and CIS armored vehicles mount 12.7\u00d7108mm NSVs, which are ballistically similar to .50 BMGs).[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1856377", "text": "The fact in arithmetic that the two numbers that are adjacent to sixty, namely 59 and 61, are both prime numbers implies that simple repeating fractions that repeat with a period of one or two sexagesimal digits can only have 59 or 61 as their denominators (1/59 = 0;1; 1/61 = 0;0,59), and that other non-regular primes have fractions that repeat with a longer period."}
{"id": "doc1857677", "text": "List of members of the Tennessean United States House delegation, their terms, their district boundaries, and the districts' political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 9 members, with 7 Republicans, and 2 Democrats."}
{"id": "doc1858032", "text": "The album's greatest success was in the UK, where it reached number 2[190] and stayed in the top-ten positions for six months.[192] It was aided by support from the British music industry, who embraced the record. Bruce Johnston stated that when he was in London in May 1966, a number of musicians and other guests gathered in his hotel suite to listen to repeated playbacks of the album. This included John Lennon, Paul McCartney and Keith Moon. Moon himself involved Johnston by helping him gain coverage in British television circuits, and connecting him with Lennon and McCartney. Johnston claimed that Pet Sounds got so much publicity, \"it forced EMI to put the album out sooner.\"[184] The Beach Boys became the strongest selling album act in the UK for the final quarter of 1966, dethroning the three-year reign of native bands such as the Beatles.[193]"}
{"id": "doc1858452", "text": "For example, King George II's heir apparent, the future George III, was Prince of Wales, but not Duke of Cornwall (because he was the King's grandson, not the King's son). When the Sovereign has no legitimate son, the estates of the Duchy of Cornwall revert to the Crown until a legitimate son is born to the Sovereign or until the accession of a new Sovereign who has a son (e.g. between 1547 and 1603) (see more below)."}
{"id": "doc1858678", "text": "A later, major use of flint and steel was in the flintlock mechanism, used primarily in flintlock firearms, but also used on dedicated fire-starting tools. A piece of flint held in the jaws of a spring-loaded hammer, when released by a trigger, strikes a hinged piece of steel (\"frizzen\") at an angle, creating a shower of sparks and exposing a charge of priming powder. The sparks ignite the priming powder and that flame, in turn, ignites the main charge, propelling the ball, bullet, or shot through the barrel. While the military use of the flintlock declined after the adoption of the percussion cap from the 1840s onward, flintlock rifles and shotguns remain in use amongst recreational shooters."}
{"id": "doc1859220", "text": "In about 1943, a radio serial of Captain Marvel was briefly broadcast (possibly by either Mutual or NBC) initially with Burt Boyar as Billy Batson. According to Boyar's faint memories in a 2011 interview, the show was initially produced in New York but after about a month relocated to Chicago; no further details about the show or transcripts of it survived. Existence of the show was confirmed by historian Jim Harmon via recollections of old time radio fans who recalled hearing it during original broadcasts, plus locating period program listings.[213]"}
{"id": "doc1866245", "text": "Walter Elias Disney (/\u02c8d\u026azni/;[1] December 5, 1901\u00a0\u2013\u00a0December 15, 1966) was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress."}
{"id": "doc1866938", "text": "Principal photography began in June 2017 in Oakland. Sorry to Bother You premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 6, 2018, by Annapurna Pictures. The film received acclaim from critics, who praised the cast and concept, as well as Riley's script and direction."}
{"id": "doc1867620", "text": "Rambo eventually finds an old exit vent, near a main road from out of which the troops are clearing. Rambo hijacks a passing Army truck (throwing its driver out onto the road in the process) and returns to town, crashing it into a gas station. He blocks the highway to anyone in pursuit, by igniting the spilled fuel. Now heavily armed with an M60 machine gun, Rambo destroys transformers knocking out the power to the town. Rambo spots Teasle on the station roof after destroying a gun shop and makes his way to the police station. Rambo takes out the police station's power before making his way inside. Teasle spots Rambo and fires at him, but misses. Rambo shoots back at Teasle through the ceiling, critically injuring him. Teasle falls through the skylight onto the floor. Rambo steps over him, prepared to kill him. Before Rambo can shoot Teasle, Colonel Trautman appears and tells him that there is no hope of escaping alive. Rambo, now surrounded by the police, rages about the horrors of war and the unfair conditions and treatment he came home to. Breaking down, he then weeps as he recounts a particularly gruesome story about witnessing his friend Joey Danforth dying. He tells Trautman how they were in a bar, talking about his friend's Chevy and driving to Las Vegas in it, when a boy came in with a booby-trapped shoeshine box. Rambo had gone into the bar to buy two beers when the box suddenly exploded, tearing his friend's lower body off. Rambo then turns himself in to Trautman, and is arrested."}
{"id": "doc1867627", "text": "Rambo then returns to the base and, using the M60E3 machine gun from the helicopter, destroys Murdock's command center. He then unsheathes his knife and threatens Murdock, ordering him to find and rescue the remaining American POWs in Vietnam, snarling almost under his breath, \"You know there's more men out there. You know where they are. Find 'em... or I'll find you.\" Trautman then comforts Rambo and tries to pacify him and to convince him to rejoin the Special Forces, also telling him he would get another Medal of Honor for his actions. Rambo, however, visibly angry and fighting back tears, says that the soldiers he rescued deserve the Medal of Honor more than he does, and he only wants the same thing as the soldiers he rescued: for their country to love its soldiers as much as its soldiers love their country. Rambo then starts to leave. Trautman asks him, \"How will you live, John?\" Rambo replies, \"Day by day\". The film ends as Rambo walks off into the distance while his mentor watches him. Because of his actions in saving the POWs, Rambo is granted the Presidential pardon he had been promised and stays in Thailand."}
{"id": "doc1868647", "text": "What became the XP10 series was shown earlier in concept form at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show. This concept, titled \"Funtime\" was developed under the leadership of Shuhei Toyoda, who also commissioned two additional models based on the same platform: the \"Funcoupe\" and the \"Funcargo\", the predecessor to the forthcoming production model Fun Cargo. Styled in Brussels by Toyota's European Office of Creation (EPOC), the \"Fun project\" as it was known, was envisaged to underline the versatility of shared platform engineering. These concept vehicles morphed into the New Basic Car (NBC) program, with each separate NBC model designated a number, NBC1 in the case of the Vitz three-door.[5] The name Vitz is the phonetic Anglicized spelling of the German word Witz which means \"wit\" (however, its principal meaning in contemporary German is \"joke\"). Toyota claims the contrived name Yaris is \"intended to convey a European impression\", while Echo \"is intended to Echo nothing.\"[5]"}
{"id": "doc1871063", "text": "The name \"Savannah\" comes from a group of Shawnee who migrated to the Piedmont region in the 1680s. They destroyed the Westo and occupied established Westo lands at the Savannah River's head of navigation on the Fall Line, near present-day Augusta.[5] These Shawnee were called by several variant names that all derive from their native name, \u0160a\u00b7wano\u00b7ki (literally, \"southerners\").[6] The local variants included Shawano, Savano, Savana, and Savannah.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1872130", "text": "This was the 100th episode but no-one in the crew realised this at the time and was only pointed out later by fans of the show."}
{"id": "doc1873007", "text": "Rail service reached Ocala in June 1881, encouraging economic development with greater access to markets for produce. Two years later, much of the Ocala downtown area was destroyed by fire on Thanksgiving Day, 1883. The city encouraged rebuilding with brick, granite and steel rather than lumber. By 1888, Ocala was known statewide as \"The Brick City\".[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1874159", "text": "Similarities between jackals and coyotes led Lorenz Oken, in the third volume of his Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte (1815), to place these species into a new separate genus, Thos, named after the classical Greek word \u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \"jackal\", but his theory had little immediate impact on taxonomy at the time. Angel Cabrera, in his 1932 monograph on the mammals of Morocco, questioned whether or not the presence of a cingulum on the upper molars of the jackals and its corresponding absence in the rest of Canis could justify a subdivision of that genus. In practice, Cabrera chose the undivided-genus alternative and referred to the jackals as Canis instead of Thos.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1874808", "text": "This passage may be an allusion to Jacob's Ladder. In any case, the implication is that seeing the angels ascending and descending on the \"Son of man\" (i.e. the speaker, Jesus) would be a great wonder."}
{"id": "doc1875471", "text": "In his 1798 book An Essay on the Principle of Population, Malthus observed that an increase in a nation's food production improved the well-being of the populace, but the improvement was temporary because it led to population growth, which in turn restored the original per capita production level. In other words, mankind had a propensity to utilize abundance for population growth rather than for maintaining a high standard of living, a view that has become known as the \"Malthusian trap\" or the \"Malthusian spectre\".  Populations had a tendency to grow until the lower class suffered hardship and want and greater susceptibility to famine and disease, a view that is sometimes referred to as a Malthusian catastrophe. Malthus wrote in opposition to the popular view in 18th-century Europe that saw society as improving and in principle as perfectible.[4] He saw population growth as being inevitable whenever conditions improved, thereby precluding real progress towards a utopian society: \"The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man\".[5] As an Anglican cleric, Malthus saw this situation as divinely imposed to teach virtuous behaviour.[6] Malthus wrote:"}
{"id": "doc1875692", "text": "The thirteenth series of Made in Chelsea, a British structured-reality television programme began airing on 20 March 2017 on E4 and concluded on 29 May 2017 following eleven episodes. Ahead of the series, cast members Binky Felstead and Josh \"JP\" Patterson announced they were expecting a child.[1] New cast members for this series include Daisy Robins, Ella Willis, Harry Baron, Mimi Bouchard and Sam Prince.[2] Love Island contestant Tina Stinnes also returned to the series having previously briefly appearing in the seventh series of the show.[3] This was the final series to feature original cast member Alexandra \"Binky\" Felstead who made an announcement of her departure ahead of the final episode,[4] as well as Josh \"JP\" Patterson and Ollie Locke, who also announced their departures from the show.[5]This episode also included the one-off return of Francesa \"Cheska\" Hull as she attended Binky's baby shower.[6] The series heavily focused on the rift between Jamie and Frankie following a number of obstacles getting in their way, the end of Olivia and Fredrik's relationship when his attention sways elsewhere, and JP and Binky planning their future with the imminent arrival of their baby. It also included Louise and Ryan taking their relationship to the next step, and Julius and Ella facing difficulties whilst trying to earn each other's trust."}
{"id": "doc1876325", "text": "The provisional results of the 2017 Census were presented to the Council of Common Interests on 25 August 2017.[10] According to the results, the total population in Pakistan was 207,774,520, representing a 57% increase in 19 years.[11][12] The provisional results exclude data from Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir, which is likely to be included in the final report in 2018.[13][14][15][16] The urban population in Pakistan stood at 75,580,000 or 36.4% of the total population.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1877670", "text": "Bill Hader as Detective Manacek\nCecily Strong as Megan Matheson"}
{"id": "doc1877805", "text": "Ryan suggests to Claire that he pack a bag and move to Claire's home with her and Joey but Claire tells him that they need to move on separately so she can give her son a normal life. Mike admits to Max that he would have killed Joe before the two share a kiss."}
{"id": "doc1877808", "text": "The finale received mixed to negative reviews from critics. Matt Fowler of IGN gave the episode a 7.4 out of 10, signaling positive reviews, saying it \"was a fairly focused episode. Escape the church and rescue Claire. Not much else going on. It attempted to get deep during the dinner scene, where Ryan had to admit (again) that he was a bad person, but that stuff always winds up sliding off the back of this series like a rainwater. Still, I liked the dinner showdown and appreciated that the episode was mostly a straightforward affair.\"[6] He then commented on James Purefoy's role in the finale and season, saying \"After last week's church massacre, Joe has seemed to have purged his system of all future cult activity, satisfied that his name will probably now live forever. Which made him a more docile, agreeable Joe when it came time to pair up with Ryan. It's all utterly silly, but at least it looks like next year Ryan and Joe might have a different dynamic.\"[6]"}
{"id": "doc1877809", "text": "Sean McKenna of TV Fanatic gave the episode \u2014 and the season \u2014 a mixed review, rating the finale 3 out of 5, saying \" There\u2019s no doubt that The Following Season 2 featired [sic] a promising and entertaining first half that reinvigorated the series. And yet, as if it couldn\u2019t help but follow the path of The Following Season 1, the second half seemed to fall apart on its inevitable journey to a Ryan and Joe final face off with stuff that really ended up not mattering thrown in along the way.\"[7] He then commented positively on Ryan's decision to spare Joe, saying \"I appreciate Ryan\u2019s closure and seeing him attain the victory without killing Joe, but it doesn\u2019t excuse the mess that led up to the final hour of The Following Season 2. Too many shock value killings, pointless mini-quests and plenty of characters making really bad decisions plagued those latter episodes.\"[7]"}
{"id": "doc1878861", "text": "It is also featured during the T. Rex jam session with Elton John in 1972 film Born to Boogie (1972)."}
{"id": "doc1879889", "text": "On the retirement of Professor Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (FRS) as Chairman PCSIR, his services were taken up by the University of Karachi and a \"Postgraduate Institute of Chemistry\" was established under his Directorship in 1967 in a wing of the Department of Chemistry. PCSIR provided the services of some of its staff (including Dr. Viqar Uddin Ahmad and Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi) and furniture during the initial phase of the establishment of this institute. Dr. Atta ur Rahman joined the Institute in March 1969 after obtaining Ph.D. from the Kings College, Cambridge University, later he accepted a 4-year assignment as a Fellow of Kings College, Cambridge University. He was then sent by Cambridge University to the University of Karachi during 1971-74 to assist in the setting up of a modern postgraduate institute of chemistry, and he brought with him donations of gas chromatograph, balances and a combustion microanalyser from Cambridge University. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman succeeded in obtaining grants to acquire a new mass and NMR spectrometers, both of which were installed in 1973, within a year of his return to Pakistan. He was appointed as the Co-Director in 1977. He succeeded in winning several major projects for the institute from the West, which have transformed the institute into the finest center in Asia and one of the best in the world in the field of Natural Product Chemistry. A generous donation was offered to the University for the Institute by the leading philanthropist/industrialist Mr. Latif Ebrahim Jamal on behalf of the Husein Ebrahim Jamal Foundation in 1976, the largest donation at that time in the history of the country. The Institute was accordingly named as \"Husein Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry\", in the memory of late Mr. Husein Ebrahim Jamal. The efforts of Professor Dr. W. Voelter of Tuebingen University, Germany, deserve a special praise since the initial grant of 2.3 million DM from the Republic of Germany was largely due to his untiring efforts, and collaborative researches continue with his group till today. Professor Atta-ur-Rahman was appointed as the Director in January 1990, while Professor Viqar Uddin Ahmad took over as Co-Director in 1990. In 2000, Professor Bina S. Siddiqui was appointed as the Co-Director on the retirement of Professor Ahmad, while in 2002 Professor Dr. M. Iqbal Choudhary was given the responsibilities of the Director (Acting) of ICCBS and Co-Director of Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research. In September 2008, he was appointed as the Director of the ICCBS institutions. During last ten years, the institute has gone through a rapid and unprecedented expansion, both in terms of infrastructure development and academic programs, while maintaining the highest quality in research and student training. The institute has organized a number of major international conferences and symposia on various aspects of Natural Product Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Protein Chemistry. The institute had the distinction of hosting the 19th IUPAC Symposium on Natural Product Chemistry in January 1994 in which over 500 scientists from 52 countries, including 4 Nobel Laureates participated. Additionally the Institute has also been selected as one of the three library centers of the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). The H.E.J. Institute has been designated as the W.H.O. Center for Pesticide Analysis for the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The institute is also a member of the IUCN-International, WAITRO, and COMSATS. More recently the institute is designated as the OIC Center of Excellence in Chemical Sciences. In 2001, the H.E.J. Research Institute became a constituent institution of the International Center for Chemical Sciences (later named as International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences). In 2004, the H.E.J. Research Institute received the most prestigious IDB (Islamic Development Bank) prize for the best science institution in the entire Islamic world. Recently, the IDB awarded the best science institution again to the H.E.J. Research Institute (second time), an unprecedented honor to any science institution in OIC region. In August 2003, an Industrial Analytical Center was established as the service wing of H. E. J. Institute. Third World Center (TWC) Laboratory complex was formally inaugurated by the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2005 as an extension of the H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry. The building of TWC was renamed as Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman Laboratories by the Executive Board in 2011, in recognition of the outstanding services of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman (FRS) who is now serving the ICCBS institution as the Patron-in-chief. Molecular medicine is an emerging new field, which deals with the understanding of the molecular basis of diseases and then developing appropriate strategies for their early diagnosis, management and elimination. Knowledge of human biology and disease mechanism at molecular level is the most important step in developing effective disease prevention and treatment. In the year 2004, the Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD) was established through a generous donation and patronage of Ms. Nadira Panjwani (Chairperson, Dr. Panjwani Memorial Trust) in the memory of her beloved father, Dr. Mohammad Hussain Panjwani, a leading scholar and philanthropist. The main objective of the center is to train highly qualified manpower in the emerging new fields of molecular medicine and drug development. The academicians, clinicians and pharmaceutical researchers are brought together to translate basic scientific discoveries into new therapies, vaccines and diagnostic tests. Late Mr. Latif Ebrahim Jamal, Chairman Ebrahim Jamal Foundation, continuing his patronage to the Institute, established the Latif Ebrahim Jamal National Science Information Center in 2005. The beautiful building of this one of the largest paperless libraries of the region was constructed under the direct supervision of Mr. Aziz Latif Jamal S.I. (Current Chairman Husein Ebrahim Jamal Foundation), able and committed son of (Late) Mr. Latif Ebrahim Jamal."}
{"id": "doc1880724", "text": "Frost's writing of this poem was inspired by another similar poem \"Swinging on a Birch-tree\" by American poet Lucy Larcom and his own experience of swinging birch trees at his childhood.[2] Frost once said \"it was almost sacrilegious climbing a birch tree till it bent, till it gave and swooped to the ground, but that's what boys did in those days\".[3]\nWritten in 1913-1914, \"Birches\" first appeared in Atlantic Monthly in the August issue of 1915 and was later collected in Frost's third book Mountain Interval (1916).[2][4]"}
{"id": "doc1880842", "text": "Edward became king on his father's death in early 1936. However, he showed impatience with court protocol, and caused concern among politicians by his apparent disregard for established constitutional conventions. Only months into his reign, he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing to Wallis Simpson, an American who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second. The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage, arguing a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands was politically and socially unacceptable as a prospective queen consort. Additionally, such a marriage would have conflicted with Edward's status as the titular head of the Church of England, which at the time disapproved of remarriage after divorce if a former spouse was still alive. Edward knew the British government, led by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, would resign if the marriage went ahead, which could have forced a general election and would ruin his status as a politically neutral constitutional monarch. When it became apparent he could not marry Wallis and remain on the throne, Edward abdicated. He was succeeded by his younger brother, George VI. With a reign of 326 days, Edward is one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in British history."}
{"id": "doc1881192", "text": "\""}
{"id": "doc1881502", "text": "During the High Middle Ages, under the Salian emperors and, later, under the Teutonic Knights, German settlers moved east of the Saale into the area of a western Slavic tribe, the Sorbs. The Sorbs were gradually Germanised. This region subsequently acquired the name Saxony through political circumstances, though it was initially called the March of Meissen. The rulers of Meissen acquired control of the Duchy of Saxony (only a remnant of the previous Duchy) in 1423; they eventually applied the name Saxony to the whole of their kingdom. Since then, this part of eastern Germany has been referred to as Saxony (German: Sachsen), a source of some misunderstanding about the original homeland of the Saxons, with a central part in the present-day German state of Lower Saxony (German: Niedersachsen)."}
{"id": "doc1883237", "text": "In ocular physiology, adaptation is the ability of the eye to adjust to various levels of light. Natural night vision, or scotopic vision, is the ability to see under low-light conditions. In humans, rod cells are exclusively responsible for night vision as cone cells are only able to function at higher illumination levels.[1] Night vision is of a much poorer quality than day vision because it is limited by a reduced resolution and therefore provides the ability to only discriminate between shades of black and white.[1] In order for humans to transition from day to night vision they must undergo a dark adaptation period in which each eye adjusts from a high luminescence setting to a low luminescence setting.[1] This adaptation period is different for both rod and cone cells and results from the regeneration of photopigments to restore retinal sensitivity.[1]"}
{"id": "doc1883243", "text": "In response to varying ambient light levels, rods and cones of eye function both in isolation and in tandem to adjust the visual system. Changes in the sensitivity of rods and cones in the eye are the major contributors to dark adaptation."}
{"id": "doc1883553", "text": "In classical antiquity, Beta Ursae Minoris (Kochab) was closer to the celestial north pole than Alpha Ursae Minoris. While there was no naked-eye star close to the pole, the midpoint between Alpha and Beta Ursae Minoris was reasonably close to the pole, and it appears that the entire constellation of Ursa Minor, in antiquity known as Cynosura (Greek \u039a\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \"dog's tail\") was used as indicating the northern direction for the purposes of navigation by the Phoenicians.[1] The ancient name of Ursa Minor, anglicized as cynosure, has since itself become a term for \"guiding principle\" after the constellation's use in navigation."}
{"id": "doc1884503", "text": "\"Catch Me (I'm Falling)\" is a song released by American group Pretty Poison in 1987. It was included on the soundtrack to the film Hiding Out, which starred Jon Cryer and came out the same year; the song later appeared on Pretty Poison's debut album, Catch Me I'm Falling (1988). It was the group's biggest hit single to date, peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in late September 1987.[1] Later that same year, the song charted inside the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number eight and remaining in the top 40 for 14 weeks.[2] The single was certified gold by the RIAA on March 9, 1989.[3] In the UK the song entered the Top 100 for two weeks at the end of January 1988 and peaked at number 85."}
{"id": "doc1885602", "text": "Face seems to have an affinity for heavier caliber revolvers as opposed to the rest of the teams .45 or 9mm automatic pistols. Face usually carried a Colt Trooper .357 Magnum with a nickel finish and rosewood grips although he sometimes used a blued Smith & Wesson Model 29. Face was usually seen to use a Ruger Mini-14 or an Uzi when he needed more firepower."}
{"id": "doc1887731", "text": "Blake is an allusion to Belle of Beauty and the Beast.[14]"}
{"id": "doc1889823", "text": "In February 2013, the song was covered by Rowan Atkinson and Pixie Lott for a one off telethon From the Heart.[4][5]"}
{"id": "doc1891609", "text": "In season five, Lex becomes obsessed with uncovering Clark's secret;[18] he breaks three metahuman criminals out of Belle Reve and sends them to the Kent Farm, where they hold several people close to Clark hostage. The scheme amounts to nothing, however, and Clark cuts Lex out of life completely upon finding out.[19] His curiosity into the symbols, which he believes to be alien in nature, results in Brainiac (James Marsters) arranging him to be possessed by the spirit of the Kryptonian criminal Zod.[20] In season six, Lex married Lana Lang (Kristin Kreuk) after deceiving Lana into being pregnant with his child. Upon learning the truth, Lana faked her own death and attempted to pin the murder on Lex.[21]"}
{"id": "doc1891612", "text": "Season ten revealed that Lex had manufactured a number of clones in an attempt to use to heal himself. However, the majority of these clones are flawed and would age at an accelerated rate. One clone of Lex (Mackenzie Gray), aged approximately twenty years older than the original, attempted to get revenge on Clark by trying to kill Lois Lane (Erica Durance) but died before he could finish.[32] The 2-hour series finale reveals Lex had used the parts of other clones to create a composite one but lacked a heart. After an alternate reality version of his father sacrifices himself to Darkseid, Lex is brought back to life through his clone. He speaks with Clark, telling his former friend he accepts they have a destiny as enemies, but neither of them can fulfill their roles unless Clark defeats Darkseid by inspiring humanity. Lex later meets with Tess, and fatally stabs his sister, however, Tess poisons him with a specialized neurotoxin that removes all of Lex's memories. The series ends by shifting seven years into the future, where Lex had been elected as the President of the United States.[33]"}
{"id": "doc1891830", "text": "In 1977 he was cast as Major Charles Emerson Winchester III on the television series M*A*S*H, a role he would portray until the series' conclusion in 1983, and which earned him two Emmy Award nominations. He appeared prominently in the 1980s in the role of District Attorney Michael Reston in several Perry Mason television films, and voiced a number of Disney characters during the 1990s and 2000s, most notably Cogsworth in 1991's Beauty and the Beast, Governor Ratcliffe and Wiggins in 1995's Pocahontas, and Dr. Jumba Jookiba in 2002's Lilo & Stitch and its sequels. He appeared in television again on the supernatural drama series The Dead Zone as Reverend Gene Purdy, a role he portrayed from 2002 to 2007."}
{"id": "doc1892012", "text": "Meanwhile, Joe's fianc\u00c3\u00a9e, Anne, comes to his apartment, and she breaks up with him after she discovers his videos. Joe's visions cease after Anne leaves him. Rachel seeks comfort in the arms of David, and the two make love. While Rachel and David are together, Nelson takes Steckle and Joe to the graveyard. He reveals that he killed Billy Mahoney as a kid when he hit him with a rock, and he fell out of a tree. Nelson storms off, leaving Joe and Steckle stranded."}
{"id": "doc1894178", "text": "When Jacob wakes up, he is in a jail cell.\u00a0 The policeman from the store comes into the cell and introduces Jacob\u2019s lawyer, Mr. Loser.\u00a0 When Jacob walks into the court, he is surrounded by screaming adults.\u00a0 The judge sits in front of him and is angry and rude to the boy.\u00a0 He says that offenses such as Jacob\u2019s cannot be taken lightly, as they may lead to bigger crimes in the future.\u00a0 Jacob pleads innocent, and the judge tells him that his plea is very inconsiderate because it is a busy court.\u00a0 The jury finds Jacob guilty and sentences him to \u201c\u2026two months, two days, two hours, two minutes in the darkest dungeons of prison.\u201d[10]\u00a0 Suddenly, a voice from the back of the room yells, \u201cI appeal this verdict\u201d. Exciting music begins to play and the adults in the room scream, hide, and faint.\u00a0 Child Power! enters the room, portrayed by Jacob\u2019s siblings, Emma and Noah. They are introduced as \u201cThe Intrepid Shapiro\u201d and \u201cThe Fearless O\u2019Toole\u201d. \u00a0 The judge is afraid of the two children, and nervously tells them that Jacob\u2019s sentence has already been passed.\u00a0 Child Power! agrees but remind the judge that cruelty to children is against the law.\u00a0 They warn the judge that if they hear of any cruelty in the prison, then he will be hearing from them.\u00a0 Jacob leaves the court room only to find his siblings waiting for him in his cell. They give him a jewel shaped tracking device, and ask for his help.\u00a0 He promises to contact them if he senses any child cruelty in the prison, and Child Power! leaves him in the cell."}
{"id": "doc1896773", "text": "Now consider a similar example in C:"}
{"id": "doc1898381", "text": "The period of \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1\n\np\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tfrac {1}{p^{2}}}}\n\n is usually pTp, where Tp is the period of \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1\np\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tfrac {1}{p}}}\n\n. There are three known primes for which this is not true, and for those the period of \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1\n\np\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tfrac {1}{p^{2}}}}\n\n is the same as the period of \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1\np\n\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\tfrac {1}{p}}}\n\n because p2 divides 10p\u22121\u22121. These three primes are 3, 487 and 56598313 (sequence A045616 in the OEIS).[7]"}
{"id": "doc1899255", "text": "Fakhr-ut-Tafaaseer by Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas Akhunzada Peshawari Kohiani is considered one of the famous Tafseers of the holy Quran in Pashto."}
{"id": "doc1899261", "text": "Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas (Akhunzada): The most first translation of Holy Quran as well as Fakhr-ut-Tafseer was written by him in the 18th century in Afghanistan (original versions are placed in Kandahar), He then came to Peshawar (warsak road mathra kochian) & wrote many more Islamic books as well as search prescription of different kind of deceases, he was a Mowlana as well as a complete doctor & chemist.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1899395", "text": "Maulana Aashiq Illahi Merathi, India."}
{"id": "doc1900629", "text": "First issues of the single, released on Parlophone in the UK on 5 October 1962, featured the Ringo Starr version, prompting Mark Lewisohn to later write: \"Clearly, the 11 September version was not regarded as having been a significant improvement after all\".[18]"}
{"id": "doc1901622", "text": "March 16\u00e2\u20ac\u201c20, 2016 Lexington, Kentucky; Rupp Arena"}
{"id": "doc1902486", "text": "While Van Gogh was in Saint-R\u00c3\u00a9my, his brother, Theo and artist Camille Pissarro developed a plan for Van Gogh to go to Auvers-sur-Oise with a letter of introduction for Dr. Paul Gachet[1] a homeopathic physician and art patron who lived in Auvers.[3][4] The plan also included him staying at a nearby inn while under the doctor's care. Van Gogh had a room at the nearby Auberge Ravoux.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1902500", "text": "Gachet and his daughter were both subjects for Van Gogh's paintings.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1902615", "text": "Cassiel is listed in the related works The Sworn Book of Honorius[3][8] and in (pseudo)-Peter de Abano's Heptameron[2][3] (the latter also influenced by Sefer Raziel).[2]  Cassiel's presence in Honorius may also be a result of Greek influence, as he is likewise listed in a Byzantine exorcism manual (as Kasiel).[3]  In these works, he is, as usual, listed as the angel of Saturn but also as the angel of the North and as one of the angels named in the Sigillum Dei.[2][3][8]  Following Honorius and the Heptameron, Cassiel appears in the Liber de Angelis as Cassael (again the angel over Saturn),[3][10] then in various editions of the Key of Solomon as Cassiel or Cassael, angel (sometimes archangel) over Saturn or Saturday,[4][5][6] and once again in the Sigillum Dei.[18]  Cassiel is depicted in Francis Barrett's The Magus as a dragon-riding jinn with a beard, again as the angel over Saturn.[7][9][19]"}
{"id": "doc1903392", "text": "In the UK, the Beatles played raucous rock 'n' roll \u2013 as well as doo wop, girl-group songs, show tunes \u2013 and wore leather jackets. Their manager Brian Epstein encouraged the group to wear suits. Beatlemania abruptly exploded after the group's appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in 1964. Late in 1965, the Beatles released the album Rubber Soul which marked the beginning of their transition to a sophisticated power pop group with elaborate studio arrangements and production, and a year after that, they gave up touring entirely to focus only on albums. A host of imitators followed the Beatles in the so-called British Invasion, including groups like the Rolling Stones and the Kinks who would become legends in their own right."}
{"id": "doc1903418", "text": "On February 13, 2015, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season.[1] On October 13, 2015, it was announced that the fourth season of Beauty & the Beast would be the final season.[2] Filming began on May 29, 2015, and ended on November 17, 2015.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1903929", "text": "The 20th century has been marked by the re-emergence of environmental values within Western societies.[citation needed] Concern for the environment is not new and can be found to a varying degree throughout history, and it is rooted in a number of perspectives including the aim of managing the ecosystems for sustained resource yields (sustainable development), and the idea that everything in nature has an intrinsic value (nature protection and preservation). Generally behind these types of thinking are the concepts of stewardship and that the present generation owes duties to generations not yet born.[18][38]"}
{"id": "doc1904094", "text": "Cassie Tyler arrived at Larkhall with her girlfriend Roisin. Cassie is easily adaptable to prison life and comfortable with her sexuality unlike Roisin. They are both pardoned after saving Neil Grayling from the fire started by Snowball Merriman."}
{"id": "doc1905323", "text": "Tropic Thunder was the first major studio production on Kaua'i in five years. After filming was completed, it was deemed the largest production filmed on the island to date, and contributed more than $60 million to the local economy.[40][44] Tim Ryan, the executive editor of Hawaii Film & Video Magazine, commented on the filming on the island: \"I think Tropic Thunder will give Kaua'i much needed and long idled publicity in the production arena ...\u00a0It should put Kaua'i back on the production consideration radar.\"[45] Preliminary production crews were on the island starting in December 2006 and principal photography began in July 2007, with filming lasting thirteen\u00a0weeks over seven\u00a0separate locations on the island.[45][46] Much of the filming took place on private land as well as conservation status designated areas.[44] Casting calls on the island sought 500 residents to portray the villagers in the film.[45] Two units shot simultaneously on the island from the ground, and an aerial unit shot from helicopters.[47] Many of the sets and the bridge used for one of the final scenes were built in three months.[48] The island's erratic weather hampered filming with rain and lighting issues.[49][50] The crew also faced complications in moving the equipment and cast due to the difficult terrain.[42]"}
{"id": "doc1906610", "text": "Top 4 seeds in semifinals"}
{"id": "doc1909335", "text": "*Ceased to be protodeacon upon being raised to the order of cardinal-priest\n\u00e2\u20ac\u00a0Was protodeacon at time of death"}
{"id": "doc1911041", "text": "Part of the show's first season was filmed in Almer\u00eda, Spain, with the rest in the United States.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1911408", "text": "Ancient Church Orders"}
{"id": "doc1911448", "text": "When they find Spooner Street, Brian realizes that they live there, but they make wrong assumptions such as that Joe is a stripper and Brian is Quagmire's dog. At Peter's house the other three see the fake newspaper front page Peter bought after his laser-tag win; from this they suspect that Peter is an alien who has killed the rest of the world. Joe and Quagmire search for weapons while Brian spies on Peter, but by the time Joe and Quagmire return, Brian and Peter have bonded so that Brian warns Peter and they try to escape but the others intercept them. As Joe fires toward Peter, Brian jumps in front of Peter to sacrifice himself for him. Peter picks up and cries over Brian's dead body."}
{"id": "doc1911857", "text": "Exteriors for the film were shot at the Heritage House Inn, a well-known resort and bed & breakfast in Little River, California, seven miles south of Mendocino, California. The shell of the cottage was built on a temporary foundation overlooking the Pacific Ocean, but the interior was filmed on the Universal Studios sound stage in Los Angeles. After filming was completed, Universal paid for the shell to be relocated to a permanent foundation and the interior was outfitted with the studio furnishings. The cottage became a popular romantic getaway, so popular in fact that the Heritage House eventually partitioned the cottage in half and added a second bathroom to the opposite end. One half of the cottage was called \"Same Time\" and the other half called \"Next Year\". The Heritage House closed due to foreclosure in December 2008.[2] The \"Same Time, Next Year\" cottage still stands, updated and remodeled, and the Heritage House reopened in the Summer of 2013."}
{"id": "doc1911979", "text": "He also tried to create unity among Muslims, starting the All Travancore Muslim Mahajanasabha[22] and Chirayinkil Taluk Muslim Samajam, and worked as the chairman of the Muslim Board of the Government of Travancore. His activities were further instrumental in the establishment of \"Muslim Aikya Sangham\", a united Muslim forum in Eriyad, Kodungalloor for all the Muslims of the Travancore, Cochin and Malabar regions,with K M Moulavi, K M Seethi Sahib, Manappat Kunju Mohammed Haji and helped guide the Lajnathul Mohammadiyya Association of Alappuzha, Dharma Bhoshini Sabha of Kollam amongst others.[citation needed] In 1931, he founded the Islamia Publishing House, with his eldest son Abdul Salam supervising the translation into Malayalam and publication of Allama Shibli's biography of Omar Farooq in two volumes under the title Al Farooq."}
{"id": "doc1912470", "text": "\"That opposite kind of innovation which pronounces what has been recognized as a branch of science, to have been a pseudo-science, composed merely of so-called facts, connected together by misapprehensions under the disguise of principles\""}
{"id": "doc1912490", "text": "If the claims of a given field can be tested experimentally and standards are upheld, it is not \"pseudoscience\", however odd, astonishing, or counterintuitive. If claims made are inconsistent with existing experimental results or established theory, but the method is sound, caution should be used; science consists of testing hypotheses which may turn out to be false. In such a case, the work may be better described as ideas that are \"not yet generally accepted\". Protoscience is a term sometimes used to describe a hypothesis that has not yet been tested adequately by the scientific method, but which is otherwise consistent with existing science or which, where inconsistent, offers reasonable account of the inconsistency. It may also describe the transition from a body of practical knowledge into a scientific field.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1912505", "text": "The boundary between science and pseudoscience is disputed and difficult to determine analytically, even after more than a century of study by philosophers of science and scientists, and despite some basic agreements on the fundaments of scientific method.[1][84][85] The concept of pseudoscience rests on an understanding that the scientific method has been misrepresented or misapplied with respect to a given theory, but many philosophers of science maintain that different kinds of methods are held as appropriate across different fields and different eras of human history. According to Lakatos, the typical descriptive unit of great scientific achievements is not an isolated hypothesis but \"a powerful problem-solving machinery, which, with the help of sophisticated mathematical techniques, digests anomalies and even turns them into positive evidence.\"[5]"}
{"id": "doc1912506", "text": "To Popper, pseudoscience uses induction to generate theories, and only performs experiments to seek to verify them. To Popper, falsifiability is what determines the scientific status of a theory. Taking a historical approach, Kuhn observed that scientists did not follow Popper's rule, and might ignore falsifying data, unless overwhelming. To Kuhn, puzzle-solving within a paradigm is science. Lakatos attempted to resolve this debate, by suggesting history shows that science occurs in research programmes, competing according to how progressive they are. The leading idea of a programme could evolve, driven by its heuristic to make predictions that can be supported by evidence. Feyerabend claimed that Lakatos was selective in his examples, and the whole history of science shows there is no universal rule of scientific method, and imposing one on the scientific community impedes progress.[86]"}
{"id": "doc1914276", "text": "mcr-1 is the first polymyxin resistance gene known to be capable of horizontal transfer between different strains of a bacterial species.[1] The gene has been found in at least five species of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae.[3] It has been experimentally transferred in the lab from E. coli to Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}
{"id": "doc1914599", "text": "He checked the doors of Egypt for lamb's blood during the plague. He also holds the key to the Pit during the End Times, and led Abraham to the west."}
{"id": "doc1914609", "text": "The Book of Enoch, which presents itself as written by Enoch, mentions Uriel in many of the component books. In chapter IX, which is part of \"The Book of the Watchers\" (2nd century BCE), only four angels are mentioned by name. Those angels are Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel (though some versions have a fifth angel: Suryal or Suriel). However, the later chapter XX lists the name and function of seven angels. Those angels are \"Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over Tartarus\", Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Saraq\u00e2\u00eal, Gabriel, and Remiel."}
{"id": "doc1915955", "text": "At the pentagram's center is an old cowboy cemetery, which Azazel forces Jake to go to by threatening his family. The Winchesters, Bobby, and Ellen are there to meet him, but Jake, having given in to his demonic side, develops mind-control abilities and orders Ellen to put her gun to her head. Everyone is forced to lower their weapons, giving Jake time to use the Colt as a key to open a mausoleum. However, Sam then shoots Jake in the back, and finishes him off with multiple shots as he begs for mercy. As the mausoleum doors begin to open, they realize that it is a Devil's Gate\u00e2\u20ac\u201da doorway to Hell. A rush of demons then escape and break the iron railway lines of the devil's trap, allowing Azazel to enter. As Ellen and Bobby try to close the gateway, Sam and Dean take the Colt to confront Azazel. Unfortunately, the demon catches them by surprise and takes the gun. After taunting Dean about his demonic pact and questioning if what came back was \"one hundred percent pure Sam\", Azazel prepares to kill them. To his surprise, the escaped spirit of John Winchester (Morgan) grabs him, distracting him long enough for Dean to take back the Colt and shoot him in the heart, finally killing him. As Bobby and Ellen manage to close the gates, John's spirit moves on. Knowing that they now have to face an army of demons, Sam promises to try to free Dean from his deal."}
{"id": "doc1915960", "text": "Filming for the first episode lasted for a period of nine days. The diner at the beginning of the episode was built by Wanek, though a pre-existing set\u2014a deserted town built for the Western television series Bordertown that is filmed in the Vancouver area\u2014was used for seven days of filming.[1] Originally, the episode was meant to mainly take place in an abandoned orphanage with many hallways.[1][16] However, producer Cyrus Yavneh had sent Kripke photos of the Bordertown set during production of Supernatural's first season, and the \"creepy\" and \"evocative\" aspects of the town prompted the writers to change the setting.[17] With the new location, references to the ghost town of Dudleytown, Connecticut were going to be included in the script, but were eventually edited out.[1] Unfortunately for production, the Bordertown set was surrounded by mountains on one side and farmland on the other, making it difficult for the production team to access. It also rained all seven days, causing problems during filming. However, director Robert Singer felt that the gray skies and mist ended up helping the episode's appearance.[17]"}
{"id": "doc1916315", "text": "The secondary school library of the Tampines campus of UWCSEA is named after him, He is also a former chair of the UWCSEA foundation[23]"}
{"id": "doc1917491", "text": "In 2004, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was released. Watson was appreciative of the more assertive role Hermione played, calling her character \"charismatic\" and \"a fantastic role to play\".[32] Although critics panned Radcliffe's performance, labelling him \"wooden\", they praised Watson; The New York Times lauded her performance, saying \"Luckily Mr. Radcliffe's blandness is offset by Ms. Watson's spiky impatience. Harry may show off his expanding wizardly skills ... but Hermione ... earns the loudest applause with a decidedly unmagical punch to Draco Malfoy's deserving nose.\"[33] Although Prisoner of Azkaban proved to be the lowest-grossing Harry Potter film of the entire series, Watson's personal performance won her two Otto Awards and the Child Performance of the Year award from Total Film.[34][35]"}
{"id": "doc1918713", "text": "In 2006, a team at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, China, investigated the 243Am + 26Mg reaction, producing four atoms of 266Bh. All four chains started with an alpha decay to 262Db; three chains ended there with spontaneous fission, as in the 278113 chains observed at Riken, while the remaining one continued via another alpha decay to 258Lr, as in the 266Bh chains observed at LBNL.[23]"}
{"id": "doc1919472", "text": "The English word rhyton originates in the ancient Greek word \u1fe5\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd (rhy\u0306t\u00f3n or rh\u016dt\u00f3n). The conical rhyton form has been known in the Aegean region since the Bronze Age, or the 2nd millennium BC. However, it was by no means confined to that region. Similar in form to, and perhaps originating from, the drinking horn, it has been widespread over Eurasia since prehistoric times."}
{"id": "doc1919493", "text": "Ella Enchanted is a 2004 fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Tommy O'Haver and written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith loosely based on Gail Carson Levine's 1997 novel of the same name. Starring Anne Hathaway and Hugh Dancy, the film plays with the usual fairy tale genre."}
{"id": "doc1919654", "text": "Moreover, they argue that the judiciary strikes down both elected and unelected official action, in some instances acts of legislative bodies reflecting the view the transient majority may have had at the moment of passage and not necessarily the view the same legislative body may have at the time the legislation is struck down. Also, the judges that are appointed are usually appointed by previously elected executive officials so that their philosophy should reflect that of those who nominated them, that an independent judiciary is a great asset to civil society since special interests are unable to dictate their version of constitutional interpretation with threat of stopping political donations."}
{"id": "doc1921625", "text": "Developed behind the pathway of RNA polymerase through negative supercoiling, Z-DNA formed via active transcription has been shown to increase genetic instability, creating a propensity towards mutagenesis near promoters.[15] A study on Escherichia coli found that gene deletions spontaneously occur in plasmid regions containing Z-DNA-forming sequences.[16] In mammalian cells, the presence of such sequences was found to produce large genomic fragment deletions due to chromosomal double-strand breaks. Both of these genetic modifications have been linked to the gene translocations found in cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma, since breakage regions in tumor cells have been plotted around Z-DNA-forming sequences.[15] However, the smaller deletions in bacterial plasmids have been associated with replication slippage, while the larger deletions associated with mammalian cells are caused by non-homologous end-joining repair, which is known to be prone to error.[15][16]"}
{"id": "doc1923111", "text": "The species-level taxonomy of this genus remains highly controversial, and alternative treatments than the one listed below have been suggested.[4][5][6][7]"}
{"id": "doc1923927", "text": "Released in 2007, the gameplay of SimCity Societies is significantly different from previous SimCity titles, with a greater focus on \"social engineering\".[19]"}
{"id": "doc1923941", "text": "SimCity DS 2 is a game for the Nintendo DS video game console and is the sequel to SimCity DS. It was released in Japan on March 19, 2008, and was released in the West in September 2008 under the name SimCity Creator.[37] The game introduces a new Challenge Mode that sees players guide their city through different historical periods. Because of this, it is also possible to create cities with a historical theme. For instance, the player can create a medieval city, or a pre-historic city.[41]"}
{"id": "doc1924612", "text": "The \"home\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which was held on 25 November 2016 at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1926206", "text": "The metric system bases its measurements of time upon the second, defined since 1952 in terms of the Earth's rotation in AD\u00a01900. Its hours are a secondary unit computed as precisely 3,600 seconds.[44] However, an hour of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), used as the basis of most civil time, has lasted 3,601 seconds 27 times since 1972 in order to keep it within 0.9 seconds of universal time, which is based on measurements of the mean solar day at 0\u00b0 longitude. The addition of these seconds accommodates the very gradual slowing of the rotation of the Earth."}
{"id": "doc1926754", "text": "Order: Gaviiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Gaviidae"}
{"id": "doc1926770", "text": "Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Ardeidae"}
{"id": "doc1926782", "text": "Order: Accipitriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Pandionidae"}
{"id": "doc1926783", "text": "The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution."}
{"id": "doc1926786", "text": "Order: Falconiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Falconidae"}
{"id": "doc1926869", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Campephagidae"}
{"id": "doc1927002", "text": "The President of the United States has the authority to nominate members of the cabinet to the United States Senate for confirmation under Article II, Section II, Clause II of the United States Constitution."}
{"id": "doc1927193", "text": "The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution. It consists of a Senate with 109 members[1] and a 360-member[2] House of Representatives. The body, modelled after the federal Congress of the United States, is supposed to guarantee equal representation of the 36 states irrespective of size in the Senate and proportional representation of population in the House. The National Assembly, like many other organs of the Nigerian government, is based in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja."}
{"id": "doc1927600", "text": "Order: Galliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Odontophoridae"}
{"id": "doc1927658", "text": "Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Pelecanidae"}
{"id": "doc1927669", "text": "Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey that includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. They have very large, hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight."}
{"id": "doc1927684", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Tyrannidae"}
{"id": "doc1927686", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Laniidae"}
{"id": "doc1930358", "text": "Fitelson et al.[26] examined the conditions under which the observation of a non-black non-raven provides less evidence than the observation of a black raven. They show that, if \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n is an object selected at random, \n\n\n\nB\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle Ba}\n\n is the proposition that the object is black, and \n\n\n\nR\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle Ra}\n\n is the proposition that the object is a raven, then the condition:"}
{"id": "doc1930877", "text": "Filming for series four and five was confirmed to be located at Selhurst High School in Croydon.[8] The cast of series four Rachel Petladwala, Charlene Osuagwu and Ben Kerfoot reprised their roles.[8] Producer Emma Kingsman-Lloyd said: \"Filming at this location was such a success last year that we knew we wanted to return to film series 5.\"[8]"}
{"id": "doc1932389", "text": "Special guest appearance by: Walter Emanuel Jones as Tough Poet"}
{"id": "doc1933371", "text": "Cuckoo genera differ in the number of primary wing feathers as below."}
{"id": "doc1933664", "text": "The complete genome sequence of strain NMA510612  (serogroup A) consists of one circular chromosome with a size of 2,188,020\u00c2\u00a0bp, and the average GC content is 51.5%. The chromosome is predicted to possess 4 rRNA operons, 163 insertion elements (IS), 59 tRNAs, and 2,462 ORFs.[20]"}
{"id": "doc1934037", "text": "Following partition, India's share of the monetary gift received from Sudan, amounted to \u00a370,000 (the remaining \u00a330,000 went to Pakistan). The Indian Army decided to use these funds to partly cover the cost of construction of the NDA. The foundation stone for the academy was laid by then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru on 6 October 1949. The National Defence Academy was formally commissioned on 7 December 1954, with an inauguration ceremony held on 16 January 1955.[4] The JSW program was transferred from the IMA to the NDA."}
{"id": "doc1934174", "text": "For Christmas Day, 2000, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a Marcy Kahan adaptation of The Man Who Came to Dinner approved by the Hart and Kaufman estates which starred Simon Callow as Whiteside, Elizabeth McGovern as Maggie, with Conleth Hill as Bert Jefferson, Cheryl Campbell as Lorraine Sheldon, John Sessions as Banjo and Professor Metz, Colin Stinton as Mr. Stanley, and Malcolm Sinclair as Beverley Carlton. Moira Petty, writing in The Stage, said, \"\"Director Ned Chaillet elicited from his cast ... a smart, gag-telling pace, which gave it a sensational period flavour.\""}
{"id": "doc1934445", "text": "There are 2n minterms of n variables, since a variable in the minterm expression can be in either its direct or its complemented form\u00e2\u20ac\u201dtwo choices per variable."}
{"id": "doc1935458", "text": "In 1990, Pop recorded Brick by Brick, produced by Don Was, with members of Guns N' Roses and The B-52's as guests, as well as backup vocals by many local Hollywood groups, two of whom (Whitey Kirst and Craig Pike) would create his band to tour and perform on his Kiss My Blood video (1991), directed by Tim Pope and filmed at the Olympia in Paris. The video attracted much controversy, as it featured much footage of Pop performing with his penis exposed to the audience. The album was his first Gold-certified album in the U.S. (denoting sales of over 500,000 copies) and featured his first Top 40 U.S. hit, \"Candy\", a duet with B-52's singer Kate Pierson."}
{"id": "doc1935824", "text": "Role Traditional methods for producing calaveras have been in use since the 1630s .[2]\" The skulls are created either for children or as offerings to be placed on altars known as ofrendas for the D\u00eda de Muertos which has roots in the Aztec, Mayan, and Toltec cultural celebration of the Day of the Dead.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1935873", "text": "To these ends, we pledge our property, our honor, and our lives."}
{"id": "doc1936829", "text": "Joseph Robinson (31 May 1927 \u00e2\u20ac\u201c 3 July 2017[1]) was an English actor and stuntman born in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland. He was a champion professional wrestler, as were his father and grandfather. His brother, Doug Robinson, is also an actor and stuntman.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1938693", "text": "The term technocracy was originally used to advocate the application of the scientific method to solving social problems. Concern could be given to sustainability within the resource base, instead of monetary profitability, so as to ensure continued operation of all social-industrial functions. Some uses of the word refer to a form of meritocracy, where the ablest are in charge, ostensibly without the influence of special interest groups.[3] The word technocratic has been used to describe governments that include non-elected professionals installed at a ministerial level.[4][5]"}
{"id": "doc1938746", "text": "The men Butterfield recruited watch as seven outlaws enter the town. Not liking the odds, they retreat, leaving only Dan, Alex and Butterfield. When Alex goes out to reconnoitre he spots one of Wade's men on a rooftop opposite the hotel. Alex calls out, warning Dan, but is shot in the back by Prince. The gang hangs the wounded Alex from the lobby chandelier, killing him. Butterfield decides that Wade is no longer worth the risk, releasing Dan from his obligation, with pay. Alice arrives and also tries to change her husband's mind, but he is committed: \"The town drunk gave his life because he believed that people should be able to live in decency and peace together. You think I can do less?\""}
{"id": "doc1939108", "text": "Florida State defeated Louisville in the championship game to win the tournament for the eighth time overall, and the third time in four seasons."}
{"id": "doc1940797", "text": "The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia,[3] and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1941600", "text": "The song is said to have been inspired by Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick, one of the many mistresses of King Edward VII.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc1942387", "text": "Much more common is an honorific/non-honorific distinction, usually applied to second and third persons but not first."}
{"id": "doc1942575", "text": "The tower was designed and supervised by, an architect and engineer hailing from Punjab.[2] The foundation stone was laid on 23 March 1960. Construction took eight years, and was completed on 21 October 1968 at an estimated cost of Rs 7,058,000. The money was collected by imposing an additional tax on cinema and horse racing tickets at the demand of Akhtar Hussain, governor of West Pakistan. Today, the minaret provides a panoramic view to visitors who can't climb up the stairs or access the top, by means of an elevator. The parks around the monument include marble fountains and an artificial lake."}
{"id": "doc1943842", "text": "During the 20th century, car ownership has increased steady, parallel with suburban sprawl, highways and other development for the car. Awareness of ecology in the mid-20th century created the environmental movement, which has addressed the need for sustainable development, especially sustainable development."}
{"id": "doc1945404", "text": "In 2008, Po\u00e9sy starred in the Academy Award-nominated film In Bruges, alongside Colin Farrell, and Harry Potter co-stars Ralph Fiennes and Brendan Gleeson. In 2009, Po\u00e9sy appeared in Heartless opposite Jim Sturgess. She reprised her role as Fleur Delacour in both Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows movies.[9] She played Chuck Bass's new French girlfriend, Eva, in the fourth season of the CW hit show Gossip Girl.[10]"}
{"id": "doc1945756", "text": "Thank-you for doing that. You know, it's not that I was trying to make Jackson look good, it's that I knew more about the nature of his sales than the Beatles and Elvis. Sorry if it appeared otherwise. Street walker 03:43, 14 January 2006 (UTC)"}
{"id": "doc1945762", "text": "02. Michael Jackson 14 350,000,000 US 70s-00s (1979-2009) Pop/R&B"}
{"id": "doc1947418", "text": "The building was completed in 1753 as the colonial legislature (later Pennsylvania State House) for the Province of Pennsylvania and was used in that capacity until the state capital moved to Lancaster in 1799. It became the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and was the site of the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787."}
{"id": "doc1947443", "text": "Article One, Section Eight, of the United States Constitution granted Congress the authority to create a federal district to serve as the national capital. Following the ratification of the Constitution, the Congress, while meeting in New York, passed the Residence Act of 1790, which established the District of Columbia as the new federal capital. However, a representative from Pennsylvania, Robert Morris, did manage to convince Congress to return to Philadelphia while the new permanent capital was being built. As a result, the Residence Act also declared Philadelphia to be the temporary capital for a period of ten years. The Congress moved back into Philadelphia on December 6, 1790 and met at Congress Hall, adjacent to Independence Hall until moving to Washington, D.C. in 1800."}
{"id": "doc1947787", "text": "Young reviewed information on the Great Salt Lake Valley and the Great Basin, consulted with mountain men and trappers, and met with Father Pierre-Jean De Smet, a Jesuit missionary familiar with the region. Young also organized a vanguard company to break trail to the Rocky Mountains, evaluate trail conditions, find sources of water, and select a central gathering point in the Great Basin. A new route on the north side of the Platte and North Platte rivers was chosen to avoid potential conflicts over grazing rights, water access, and campsites with travelers using the established Oregon Trail on the river's south side."}
{"id": "doc1948176", "text": "The stage show began in late 1994 and it was not long before the team took as their name the title of a Jack Hawkins movie, The League of Gentlemen. In 1997 they were awarded the Perrier award for comedy at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and their radio series On the Town with The League of Gentlemen, debuted on BBC Radio 4. On the Town was set in the fictional town of Spent. They won a Sony Award for this six-episode run. In 1999 the show moved to television and quickly acquired a cult following; three series were produced, the first airing in 1999, the second in 2000 and the third in 2002. A Christmas Special was broadcast in December 2000, after the airing of the second series. Along with The Fast Show, the series is credited with the revival of the sketch show format in BBC comedy. Its influence can be seen on later series, particularly Little Britain (the first series of which was directed by Steve Bendelack and script-edited by Gatiss)."}
{"id": "doc1948378", "text": "Vincent van Gogh, 1889 Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay Paris"}
{"id": "doc1948854", "text": "Principal photography on the film began in Cincinnati, Ohio, on July 25, 2016, with locations including Springfield Township. The locations were staged to resemble setting of the film, New York City.[19][20] Filming also took place on Jonfred Court in Finneytown, and Indian Hill.[20][21] Filming was also done at Butler County Jail.[22]"}
{"id": "doc1950715", "text": "In ALGOL-like languages such as Pascal, Delphi, and Ada (in the sense that they allow nested function definitions), and in Python, and many functional languages, among others, assignment operators cannot appear in an expression (including if clauses), thus precluding this class of error. Some compilers, such as GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), provide a warning when compiling code containing an assignment operator inside an if statement, though there are some legitimate uses of an assignment inside an if-condition. In such cases, the assignment must be wrapped in an extra pair of parentheses explicitly, to avoid the warning."}
{"id": "doc1952665", "text": "Bala Hissar Fort in Peshawar"}
{"id": "doc1952682", "text": "Frere Hall in Karachi"}
{"id": "doc1952697", "text": "Faisal Mosque, Islamabad"}
{"id": "doc1952699", "text": "Pakistan Monument, Islamabad"}
{"id": "doc1953114", "text": "Calculations using a quantum-tunneling model predict the existence of several neutron-rich isotopes of oganesson with alpha-decay half-lives close to 1\u00c2\u00a0ms.[56][57]"}
{"id": "doc1953211", "text": "Juventus reached their ninth final after a 4\u20131 aggregate win against Monaco to maintain their undefeated record in this season's competition. Juventus also entered the final with the best defensive record in the 2016\u201317 Champions League, having conceded only thrice.[11] Previously Juventus won finals in 1985 and 1996, and lost a record six in 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003 and 2015. This was also their 14th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in one Cup Winners' Cup final (winning in 1984) and four UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1977, 1990 and 1993, and losing in 1995). If they were to lose, Juventus would tie Benfica's record of five consecutive finals lost."}
{"id": "doc1953592", "text": "In 2002, she had a role in Confessions of a Dangerous Mind.[5]"}
{"id": "doc1955603", "text": "Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on both blood pressure and the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles.[25] Gravity affects blood pressure via hydrostatic forces (e.g., during standing), and valves in veins, breathing, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.[23]"}
{"id": "doc1956490", "text": "The film was released theatrically on April 18, 2003, by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution and was released on DVD and VHS on September 23, 2003, by Buena Vista Home Entertainment and Walt Disney Home Entertainment."}
{"id": "doc1957486", "text": "Specific pathogens possess a wide array of virulence factors. Some are chromosomally encoded and intrinsic to the bacteria (e.g. capsules and endotoxin), whereas others are obtained from mobile genetic elements like plasmids and bacteriophages (e.g. some exotoxins). Virulence factors encoded on mobile genetic elements spread through horizontal gene transfer, and can convert harmless bacteria into dangerous pathogens. Bacteria like Escherichia coli O157:H7 gain the majority of their virulence from mobile genetic elements. Gram-negative bacteria secrete a variety of virulence factors at host-pathogen interface, via membrane vesicle trafficking as bacterial outer membrane vesicles for invasion, nutrition and other cell-cell communications. It has been found that many pathogens have converged on similar virulence factors to battle against eukaryotic host defenses. These obtained bacterial virulence factors have two different routes used to help them survive and grow:"}
{"id": "doc1959162", "text": "In the 1840s, tensions were growing between the North and South over various issues including slavery. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced in 1846, contributed to these tensions; if passed, it would have banned slavery in any land acquired from Mexico. The Compromise of 1850 brought a temporary respite, but the Dred Scott case, decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1857, spurred public debate. Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that African Americans had no standing as citizens under the constitution. Northerners were outraged and there was increasing talk in the South of secession from the Union.[75]"}
{"id": "doc1959244", "text": "The result was the Sturmgewehr 44, which the Germans produced in large numbers; approximately half a million were made.[33][35][36][37][38] It fired a new and revolutionary intermediate powered cartridge, the 7.92\u00d733mm Kurz.[33][35][36][37][38][39] This new cartridge was developed by shortening the standard 7.92\u00d757mm Mauser round and giving it a lighter 125-grain bullet, that limited range but allowed for more controllable automatic fire.[33][35][36][37][38][39] A smaller lighter cartridge also allowed soldiers to carry more ammunition \"to support the higher consumption rate of automatic fire.\"[33][34]"}
{"id": "doc1961593", "text": "John has a surveillance device planted inside Ramsey's penthouse. John, Antonio, and Talia stake out the building, waiting for Ramsey or his guest to come into audio range of their \"bug\". On June 11, 2008, the officers listen in as Ramsey speaks to the woman, who says only two words on tape before the surveillance device goes out of range: \"help me\". As John struggles to identify the familiar voice, it is revealed that the mystery woman being cared for by Lee Ramsey is none other than Marty.[16][17]"}
{"id": "doc1962033", "text": "Roberts is a surname of Norman origin, deriving from the Norman given name Robert, meaning \"bright renown\" \u00e2\u20ac\u201c from the Germanic elements \"hrod\" meaning renown and \"beraht\" meaning bright. Roberts may mean either \"servant of Robert\" or \"son of Robert\"; the latter is more common in Wales, while the former is more common in England.[1][2] Although the name Robert was known in the British isles before the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was mainly introduced into Britain by the Normans.[3] Today the surname Roberts is common in England, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man, with the biggest concentration by far occurring in North Wales. In colloquial North-Walian Welsh \"Roberts\" is often pronounced as \"Robaits\".[citation needed] The name is also common in Scotland."}
{"id": "doc1962174", "text": "\u00e2\u20ac\u00a1 While there are technically 60 episodes in the series, Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kaku: Outbreak is a 52 minute TV film which can also qualify as a two part episode; bringing the overall number to 62."}
{"id": "doc1965783", "text": "Unlike the constitutions of most U.S. states, the United States Constitution does not require the United States Congress to pass a balanced budget, one in which the projected income to the government through taxes, fees, fines, and other revenues equals or exceeds the amount proposed to be spent. This has led to deficit spending and the creation of a national debt. Except for a short period during the presidency of Andrew Jackson since its inception the United States federal government has always been in debt."}
{"id": "doc1966930", "text": "Under Article 50 of the Constitution, the Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and the Senate. The President is elected by members of both Houses of the Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies. The President may be removed from office or impeached through a resolution, passed by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose. \nIn the event that the office of the President becomes vacant, the Chairman of the Senate acts as President till such time that the position may be filled through a byelection. This also occurs when the President, by reason of absence or any other incapacity, is unable to effectively exercise their office."}
{"id": "doc1966948", "text": "Being composed of charged particles, beta radiation is more strongly ionizing than gamma radiation. When passing through matter, a beta particle is decelerated by electromagnetic interactions and may give off bremsstrahlung x-rays."}
{"id": "doc1966959", "text": "Beta particles are moderately penetrating in living tissue, and can cause spontaneous mutation in DNA."}
{"id": "doc1968582", "text": "In 2008, Sisto joined the cast of the NBC crime drama series Law & Order, as Detective Cyrus Lupo, replacing Milena Govich's Detective Nina Cassady as the partner of Jesse L. Martin's Ed Green.[15] Sisto had already appeared on the show, as a lawyer, in the previous season's finale. Sisto stayed on for the series' final three seasons, and his character became partners with Anthony Anderson's Detective Kevin Bernard after Martin left the series near the end of season 18. Also in 2008, Sisto starred in the drama film Gardens of the Night, and voiced the role of Batman in the direct-to-video film Justice League: The New Frontier.[16] In 2009, he played a Catholic priest, alongside Kristin Chenoweth as a prostitute, in the independent drama film Into Temptation.[17] The following year, he starred in the Manhattan Theatre Club production of Spirit Control at the New York City Center, gaining rave reviews for his performance as Adam Wyatt.[18]"}
{"id": "doc1969992", "text": "The authors spent over a decade researching the subject matter and offer up their findings in exhaustive detail. The 540-page hardcover book has been highly praised not only for its massive scope, but also for its presentation. The \"Deluxe\" version, released in September 2006, was housed in a replica EMI multi-track tape-box, complete with faux time-worn edges. Rather than a listing of the tape's contents, the back of the box featured the book's contents, hand-written by former Beatles tape-op and engineer, Ken Scott. The book was also accompanied by several \"bonus items\", including reproductions of never-seen photos of the Beatles. The first printing of 3,000 books sold out in November 2006, and a second printing was released in February 2007. The book is currently in its sixth printing."}
{"id": "doc1970904", "text": "With the last of the civilians cleared out of the tunnel, Jack tells Tom to get out of the train and run to safety. Instead, Tom asks to be patched to Rachel. He tells Rachel that if they had more time, he would have asked her out. Rachel tearfully replies that she would have said yes. The bomb detonates, destroying APO headquarters and killing Grace."}
{"id": "doc1971249", "text": "The original text contains a great deal of word-play. An example of this is the use of words beginning \u00fcber (\"over\" or \"above\") and unter (\"down\" or \"below\"), often paired to emphasise the contrast, which is not always possible to bring out in translation, except by coinages. An example is Untergang, literally \"down-going\" but used in German to mean \"setting\" (as of the sun) but also \"sinking\", \"demise\", \"downfall or \"doom\"; which Nietzsche pairs with its opposite \u00dcbergang (meaning \"transition\", literally \"over-going\"). Another example is \u00dcbermensch (overman or superman), discussed later in this article."}
{"id": "doc1972074", "text": "Belle played the lead role in the television movie Back to the Secret Garden (2001), then took a break from acting before returning with a role in the independent film The Quiet (2005).[6] SFStation wrote that \"performance-wise The Quiet belongs to Camilla Belle and Elisha Cuthbert\"[7]"}
{"id": "doc1972282", "text": "Overall, woodpeckers are arboreal birds of wooded habitats. They reach their greatest diversity in tropical rainforests, but occur in almost all suitable habitats including woodlands, savannahs, scrublands, and bamboo forests. Even grasslands and deserts have been colonised by various species. These habitats are more easily occupied where a small number of trees exist, or, in the case of desert species like the Gila woodpecker, tall cacti are available for nesting.[13] Some are specialists and are associated with coniferous or deciduous woodland or even, like the acorn woodpecker, with individual tree genera (oaks in this case). Other species are generalists and are able to adapt to forest clearance by exploiting secondary growth, plantations, orchards and parks. In general, forest-dwelling species need rotting or dead wood on which to forage.[14]"}
{"id": "doc1972860", "text": "The concept of ecological stability emerged in the first half of the 20th century, and with the advancement of theoretical ecology in the 1970s, the usage of the term has expanded to a wide variety of scenarios. This overuse of the term has led to controversy over its definition and implementation.[3] In 1997, Grimm and Wissel made an inventory of 167 definitions used in the literature and found 70 different stability concepts.[4] One of the strategies that these two authors proposed to clarify the subject is to replace ecological stability with more specific terms, such as constancy, resilience and persistence. Following this strategy, an ecosystem which oscillates cyclically around a fixed point, such as the one delineated by the predator-prey equations, would be described as persistent and resilient, but not as constant. Some authors, however, see good reason for the abundance of definitions, because they reflect the extensive variety of real and mathematical systems.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1973848", "text": "In the USA Volkswagen vans were informally classified according to the number of windows they had. This particular model had 23 and later 21 windows including eight panoramic windows in the roof. To distinguish it from the normal Volkswagen van the name Samba was coined."}
{"id": "doc1974006", "text": "Omar learns that Marlo had framed him and was the one he had robbed at the card game. Omar demands that Proposition Joe help him rob Marlo, and Joe agrees to alert Omar when Joe's soldier Cheese is dropping off Marlo's package. Omar orchestrates an elaborate and successful hijacking of Joe's entire shipment of heroin as it enters port. As he had no wish to sell drugs on the street, he sells the heroin back to Proposition Joe. Although the heist makes Omar a lot of money, it has all of the drug kingpins ready to put a contract on his head."}
{"id": "doc1974480", "text": "Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.  Rods are usually found concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On average, there are approximately 90 million rod cells in the human retina.[1] Rod cells are more sensitive than cone cells and are almost entirely responsible for night vision. However, rods have little role in color vision, which is the main reason why colors are much less apparent in dim light, and not at all at night."}
{"id": "doc1975694", "text": "Sustainable sanitation considers the entire \"sanitation value chain\", from the experience of the user, excreta and wastewater collection methods, transportation or conveyance of waste, treatment, and reuse or disposal.[14] The term is widely used since about 2009. In 2007 the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance defined five sustainability criteria to compare the sustainability of sanitation systems. In order to be sustainable, a sanitation system has to be economically viable, socially acceptable, technically and institutionally appropriate, and it should also protect the environment and the natural resources.[2]"}
{"id": "doc1976860", "text": "Werner von Strucker is the oldest son of Baron Wolfgang von Strucker and the half-brother of twins Fenris (Andrea von Strucker and Andreas von Strucker)."}
{"id": "doc1977974", "text": "The Ausf. F was quickly supplanted by the Ausf. G[clarification needed], which was the main tank of the Afrika Korps in 1940\u201341 and also saw action in Yugoslavia and Greece. Around 2,150 Panzer IIIs were produced, of which around 450 were the Ausf G. These tanks were still under-gunned, poorly armored and mechanically overly-complex in comparison to equivalent British tanks.[4] After fighting in Libya in late 1940 the Ausf. H was put into production with simpler mechanics, wider tracks and improved armor. In April 1941 there was a general 'recall' of the Panzer III to upgrade the main gun to the new 50\u00a0mm L/60, with the new Panzergranate 40 round, and muzzle velocity was pushed to 3875\u00a0ft/s (1,181\u00a0m/s). New tanks produced with this gun were designated Ausf. J."}
{"id": "doc1977978", "text": "Despite continued efforts with the lighter tanks throughout the war the German designers did produce a direct counter to the heavier Allied tanks with the PzKpfw V, the Panther (in 1944 the PzKpfw designation was dropped and the vehicle was known simply as the Panther). Design work on the replacement for the Panzer IV had begun in 1937 and prototypes were being tested in 1941. The emergence of the T-34 led to an acceleration of this leisurely time-table. At the insistence of Guderian a team was dispatched to the eastern front in November 1941 to assess the T-34 and report. Three features of the Soviet tank were considered as most significant, top was the sloped armour all round which gave much improved shot deflection and also increased the armor thickness against penetration; second was the wide track and large road wheels that improved stability; and third was the long over-hanging gun, a feature German designers had avoided up to then. Daimler-Benz and MAN were tasked with designing and building a new 30\u201335 ton tank by next Spring. At the same time the existing prototype tanks were up-gunned to 88\u00a0mm and ordered into production as the PzKpfw VI, the Tiger."}
{"id": "doc1978004", "text": "The VK45.01 (P), also known as the Tiger (P), was an unsuccessful heavy tank prototype produced by Porsche in Germany in 1942. It was not selected for production because it didn't work during testing in front of Hitler. So the Henschel-built VK45.01 (H) design to the same specification, using the same Krupp-designed turret as the Porsche prototype did, was produced as the Tiger I. Most of the 91 existing Porsche-produced chassis were instead rebuilt as self-propelled guns. The original main self-propelled gun made on the Tiger (P)'s chassis was the Ferdinand. This tank also had mechanical problems, partly from the complex, copper-dependent gasoline-electric drive system's poor grade of copper. It had a maximum of 200\u00c2\u00a0mm of armor plating at the front."}
{"id": "doc1978008", "text": "Even larger and heavier was the Super-heavy tank L\u00f6we. It translates to \"Lion\" in German. It remained on blueprints and was cancelled in favor of the heavier Maus."}
{"id": "doc1978012", "text": "The Panzerkampfwagen E-100 (Ger\u00c3\u00a4t 383) (TG-01) was a German super-heavy tank design developed near the end of World War II. Only one chassis was produced with no turret made."}
{"id": "doc1982070", "text": "If scenes during a normal week are to be filmed on location, this is done during the normal recording week.[158] Off-set locations that have been used for filming include Clacton (1989), Devon (September 1990), Hertfordshire (used for scenes set in Gretna Green in July 1991), Portsmouth (November 1991),[32] Milan (1997), Ireland (1997),[176] Amsterdam (December 1999),[177] Brighton (2001) and Portugal (2003).[178] In 2003, filming took place at Loch Fyne Hotel and Leisure Club in Inveraray, The Arkinglass Estate in Cairndow and Grims Dyke Hotel, Harrow Weald, north London, for a week of episodes set in Scotland.[178] 9 April 2007 episode featured scenes filmed at St Giles Church and The Blacksmiths Arms public house in Wormshill, the Ringlestone Inn, two miles away and Court Lodge Farm in Stansted, Kent.[179] and the Port of Dover, Kent. .[180]"}
{"id": "doc1982515", "text": "The university was established by Muslim leaders and freedom fighters in 1920, before Indian independence.[1] Among the founding leaders, the main were the Ali brothers, Mohammad Ali Jouhar and Shaukat Ali.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc1982537", "text": "Jamia Millia Islamia also imparts education from nursery to senior secondary level."}
{"id": "doc1982650", "text": "From August 12 to September 9, 2015, Cutthroat Kitchen aired a five-episode Camp Cutthroat tournament, which Variety described as Brown \"invit[ing] the most elite Cutthroat Kitchen alumni to a secret location deep in the wilderness for an extreme culinary throw down.\"[6] These episodes were filmed in Santa Clarita, California, at the same movie ranch site as the 2014 FOX reality series Utopia.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1984114", "text": "Together the cornea and lens refract light into a small image and shine it on the retina. The retina transduces this image into electrical pulses using rods and cones. The optic nerve then carries these pulses through the optic canal. Upon reaching the optic chiasm the nerve fibers decussate (left becomes right). The fibers then branch and terminate in three places.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]"}
{"id": "doc1984127", "text": "Rods and cones differ in function. Rods are found primarily in the periphery of the retina and are used to see at low levels of light. Cones are found primarily in the center (or fovea) of the retina.[23] There are three types of cones that differ in the wavelengths of light they absorb; they are usually called short or blue, middle or green, and long or red. Cones are used primarily to distinguish color and other features of the visual world at normal levels of light.[23]"}
{"id": "doc1984142", "text": "The visual cortex is the largest system in the human brain and is responsible for processing the visual image. It lies at the rear of the brain (highlighted in the image), above the cerebellum. The region that receives information directly from the LGN is called the primary visual cortex, (also called V1 and striate cortex). Visual information then flows through a cortical hierarchy. These areas include V2, V3, V4 and area V5/MT (the exact connectivity depends on the species of the animal). These secondary visual areas (collectively termed the extrastriate visual cortex) process a wide variety of visual primitives. Neurons in V1 and V2 respond selectively to bars of specific orientations, or combinations of bars. These are believed to support edge and corner detection. Similarly, basic information about color and motion is processed here.[33]"}
{"id": "doc1984470", "text": "The twelve divisions of West Pakistan province were Bahawalpur, Dera Ismail Khan, Hyderabad, Kalat, Khairpur, Lahore, Malakand, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, and Sargodha; all named after their capitals except the capital of Malakand was Saidu, and Rawalpindi was administered from Islamabad. The province also incorporated the former Omani enclave of Gwadar following its purchase in 1958, and the former Federal Capital Territory (Karachi) in 1961; the latter forming a new division in its own right."}
{"id": "doc1985845", "text": "Eukaryotes have multiple types of nuclear RNAP, each responsible for synthesis of a distinct subset of RNA. All are structurally and mechanistically related to each other and to bacterial RNAP. RNA polymerase I synthesizes a pre-rRNA 45S (35S in yeast). which matures and will form the major RNA sections of the ribosome. RNA polymerase II synthesizes precursors of mRNAs and most snRNA and microRNAs.RNA polymerase III synthesizes tRNAs, rRNA 5S and other small RNAs found in the nucleus and cytosol. RNA polymerase IV synthesizes siRNA in plants. RNA polymerase V synthesizes RNAs involved in siRNA-directed heterochromatin formation in plants. Eukaryotic chloroplasts contain an RNAP very highly structurally and mechanistically similar to bacterial RNAP (\"plastid-encoded polymerase\"). They also contain a second, structurally and mechanistically unrelated, RNAP (\"nucleus-encoded polymerase\"; member of the \"single-subunit RNAP\" protein family). Eukaryotic mitochondria contain a structurally and mechanistically unrelated RNAP (member of the \"single-subunit RNAP\" protein family)."}
{"id": "doc1986143", "text": "Relative pronouns, provided they are not the subject, are often dropped in short restrictive clauses: That's the man [whom] I saw."}
{"id": "doc1986402", "text": "In the last two episodes, Evan Rachel Wood is introduced as Sophie-Anne LeClerq, the vampire Queen of Louisiana."}
{"id": "doc1986433", "text": "The 2005 World Summit on Social Development identified sustainable development goals, such as economic development, social development and environmental protection.[17] This view has been expressed as an illustration using three overlapping ellipses indicating that the three pillars of sustainability are not mutually exclusive and can be mutually reinforcing.[18] In fact, the three pillars are interdependent, and in the long run none can exist without the others.[19] The three pillars have served as a common ground for numerous sustainability standards and certification systems in recent years, in particular in the food industry.[20][21] Standards which today explicitly refer to the triple bottom line include Rainforest Alliance, Fairtrade and UTZ Certified.[22][23] Some sustainability experts and practitioners have illustrated four pillars of sustainability, or a quadruple bottom line. One such pillar is future generations, which emphasizes the long-term thinking associated with sustainability.[24] There is also an opinion that considers resource use and financial sustainability as two additional pillars of sustainability.[25]"}
{"id": "doc1986437", "text": "More than that, sustainability implies responsible and proactive decision-making and innovation that minimizes negative impact and maintains balance between ecological resilience, economic prosperity, political justice and cultural vibrancy to ensure a desirable planet for all species now and in the future.[34] Specific types of sustainability include, sustainable agriculture, sustainable architecture or ecological economics.[35] Understanding sustainable development is important but without clear targets an unfocused term like \"liberty\" or \"justice\".[36] It has also been described as a \"dialogue of values that challenge the sociology of development\".[37]"}
{"id": "doc1986443", "text": "In analysing systems such as urban and national parks, dams, farms and gardens, theme parks, open-pit mines, water catchments, one way to look at the relationship between sustainability and resiliency is to view the former with a long-term vision and resiliency as the capacity of human engineers to respond to immediate environmental events.[50]"}
{"id": "doc1986449", "text": "Sustainability is studied and managed over many scales (levels or frames of reference) of time and space and in many contexts of environmental, social and economic organization. The focus ranges from the total carrying capacity (sustainability) of planet Earth to the sustainability of economic sectors, ecosystems, countries, municipalities, neighbourhoods, home gardens, individual lives, individual goods and services[clarification needed], occupations, lifestyles, behaviour patterns and so on. In short, it can entail the full compass of biological and human activity or any part of it.[64] As Daniel Botkin, author and environmentalist, has stated: \"We see a landscape that is always in flux, changing over many scales of time and space.\"[65]"}
{"id": "doc1986489", "text": "Sustainable use of materials has targeted the idea of dematerialization, converting the linear path of materials (extraction, use, disposal in landfill) to a circular material flow that reuses materials as much as possible, much like the cycling and reuse of waste in nature.[164] This approach is supported by product stewardship and the increasing use of material flow analysis at all levels, especially individual countries and the global economy.[165] The use of sustainable biomaterials that come from renewable sources and that can be recycled is preferred to the use on non-renewables from a life cycle standpoint."}
{"id": "doc1986496", "text": "Historically there has been a close correlation between economic growth and environmental degradation: as communities grow, so the environment declines. This trend is clearly demonstrated on graphs of human population numbers, economic growth, and environmental indicators.[176] Unsustainable economic growth has been starkly compared to the malignant growth of a cancer[177] because it eats away at the Earth's ecosystem services which are its life-support system. There is concern that, unless resource use is checked, modern global civilization will follow the path of ancient civilizations that collapsed through overexploitation of their resource base.[178][179] While conventional economics is concerned largely with economic growth and the efficient allocation of resources, ecological economics has the explicit goal of sustainable scale (rather than continual growth), fair distribution and efficient allocation, in that order.[180][181] The World Business Council for Sustainable Development states that \"business cannot succeed in societies that fail\".[182]"}
{"id": "doc1986552", "text": "Lennon opens the twelve-measure-long verse and carries it along, suddenly joined at the end by McCartney, who then sings the bridge."}
{"id": "doc1986948", "text": "It opened at no.1 at the Japan box office in January 2016 with $1.1 million and went on to gross $5.7 million.[6]"}
{"id": "doc1989499", "text": "In 1941 in order to compensate for the relative poor box office of Pinocchio and Fantasia, Disney produced a low-budget feature film, Dumbo. Dumbo was a major hit and today is one of the most critically acclaimed animated movies ever made. Just a few days after rough animation was complete on Dumbo, the Disney animators' strike broke out. This was caused by the Screen Cartoonists' Guild (which had been formed in 1938), who severed many ties between Walt Disney and his staff, while encouraging many members of the Disney studio to leave and seek greener pastures. Later that year, Dumbo became a big success, the first time since Snow White. The critically acclaimed film brought in much-needed revenue and kept the studio afloat. A few months after Dumbo was released, the United States entered the war after Pearl Harbor was attacked. This caused the mobilization of all movie studios (including their cartoon divisions) to produce propaganda material to bolster public confidence and encourage support for the war effort. The war (along with the strike) shook Walt Disney's empire, as the US Army had seized Disney's studio as soon as the US entered World War II in December 1941.[38] Due to this, Disney put the feature films Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, Wind in the Willows, Song of the South, Mickey and the Beanstalk and Bongo on hold until the war was over. The only feature film that was allowed to continue production was Bambi, which was released in 1942. Bambi was ground-breaking in terms of animating animals realistically. However, due to the war Bambi failed at the box-office and received mixed reviews from the critics. This was to be short lived as it grossed a considerable amount of money in the 1947 re-release."}
{"id": "doc1990849", "text": "The show's premise originated with Chris Carter,[3] who served as an executive producer along with R. W. Goodwin, Frank Spotnitz, Howard Gordon, Vince Gilligan, John Shiban, Kim Manners, Glen Morgan, James Wong, and many others. Filming for seasons one to five took place primarily in Vancouver, British Columbia,[4][5] and for the remaining seasons in Los Angeles.[6] Episodes were broadcast on Fridays at 9:00\u00a0pm Eastern Time for the series's first three seasons;[7] the remaining six seasons aired on Sundays at 9:00\u00a0pm Eastern Time.[7] Episodes are approximately 45\u00a0minutes in length (not including commercials) and were broadcast in standard definition.[8] Two feature films based on the television series have been released as part of The X-Files franchise: the first premiered in summer 1998, between seasons five and six of the series,[9] and a post-series film, The X-Files: I Want to Believe, was released in 2008.[10] On March 24, 2015, Fox officially announced the series would return for a six-episode season, which aired in 2016.[11] On April 20, 2017, Fox officially announced that The X-Files would be returning for an eleventh season of ten episodes,[12] which premiered on January 3, 2018.[13] As of  March\u00a021, 2018,[update] 218 episodes of The X-Files\u00a0have aired, concluding the\u00a0eleventh season."}
{"id": "doc1991506", "text": "Deep ecology's core principle is the belief that the living environment as a whole should be respected and regarded as having certain inalienable legal rights to live and flourish, independent of its utilitarian instrumental benefits for human use. Deep ecology is often framed in terms of the idea of a much broader sociality; it recognizes diverse communities of life on Earth that are composed not only through biotic factors but also, where applicable, through ethical relations, that is, the valuing of other beings as more than just resources. It describes itself as \"deep\" because it regards itself as looking more deeply into the actual reality of humanity's relationship with the natural world arriving at philosophically more profound conclusions than that of the prevailing view of ecology as a branch of biology.[2] The movement does not subscribe to anthropocentric environmentalism (which is concerned with conservation of the environment only for exploitation by and for human purposes) since deep ecology is grounded in a quite different set of philosophical assumptions. Deep ecology takes a more holistic view of the world human beings live in and seeks to apply to life the understanding that the separate parts of the ecosystem (including humans) function as a whole. This philosophy provides a foundation for the environmental, ecology, and green movements and has fostered a new system of environmental ethics advocating wilderness preservation, human population control, and simple living.[3]"}
{"id": "doc1991511", "text": "The phrase \"deep ecology\" was coined by the Norwegian philosopher Arne N\u00e6ss in 1973.[8] N\u00e6ss rejected the idea that beings can be ranked according to their relative value. For example, judgments on whether an animal has an eternal soul, whether it uses reason or whether it has consciousness (or indeed higher consciousness) have all been used to justify the ranking of the human animal as superior to other animals. N\u00e6ss states that from an ecological point of view \"the right of all forms [of life] to live is a universal right which cannot be quantified. No single species of living being has more of this particular right to live and unfold than any other species.\""}
{"id": "doc1991515", "text": "Ecology in the narrow sense refers to the biological science of ecology. However, ecological paradigms and principles are being developed and applied in almost all disciplines, and these paradigms have to do with the way we approach understanding the relationships and inter-connections within and between living beings which give to each its special place and identity. Human ecology, e.g., must certainly take account of the role of our subjective lives and spiritual needs, as well as our biological ones, in terms of their ecological effects. Ecology in this sense is not a reductionist undertaking, but a movement toward a more whole (or holistic) vision and understanding of world processes.[2] Deep ecology seeks to look into all levels of existence and might be viewed as radical by some; for them a more anthropocentric view is appropriate because it put humans at the center. Learning how to live in harmony with our surroundings is beneficial because stopping the global extinction crisis and achieving true ecological sustainability will require rethinking our values as a society. In that way education seems to be the best way to start. Sustainability education aims to help learners understand their interconnectedness with all life, to become creative problem solvers and active citizens, and to engage personally and intellectually in shaping our common future. Experiential learning and critical pedagogy are central to providing opportunities for learners to engage in transformative sustainability learning. The \u201cEnvironment\u201d broadly defined, remains somewhat neglected within development studies, despite a substantial increase in contributions to the field over the fifteen years since 2000. Undergraduate and postgraduate courses (with some notable exceptions) often \u201cadd on\u201d environmental issues as special lectures or modules, and there remains a tendency for those who are grounded in the material and discursive struggles that define the discipline to consider the environment as an exotic special interest, a problem that manifests itself in societies that have the leisure to care about the natural world. Development of a modern education model promoting patriotism and civic responsibility, active social position and healthy lifestyle is closely linked to the development of environmental responsibility in the younger generation. Development of environmentally responsible personality in individual is of particular importance for graduates of educational institutions. Environmental education could be integrated in different curriculum in most fields: education for sustainable development in the context of ecopedagogy."}
{"id": "doc1991598", "text": "The Federal Parliamentary Assembly has two chambers: the House of People's Representatives (Yehizbtewekayoch Mekir Bet) with 547 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies; and the House of the Federation (Yefedereshn Mekir Bet) with 110 members, one for each nationality, and one additional representative for each one million of its population, designated by the regional councils, which may elect them themselves or through popular elections."}
{"id": "doc1992466", "text": "O'Keeffe, most famous for her depiction of flowers, made about 200 flower paintings,[24] which by the mid-1920s were large-scale depictions of flowers, as if seen through a magnifying lens, such as Oriental Poppies[25][26] and several Red Canna paintings.[27] She painted her first large-scale flower painting, Petunia, No. 2, in 1924 that was first exhibited in 1925.[2] Making magnified depictions of objects imbued a sense of awe and emotional intensity.[21] On November 20, 2014, O'Keeffe's Jimson Weed (1932) sold for $44,405,000, more than three times the previous world auction record for any female artist.[28]"}
{"id": "doc1992659", "text": "She moved from Los Angeles to New York City, where she made her Broadway debut in 2011 as Debbie in the closing cast of the musical Billy Elliot."}
{"id": "doc1993044", "text": "Whilst series one and two of Black Mirror were shown on Channel 4 in the UK, in September 2015 Netflix commissioned the series for 12 episodes,[18] and in March 2016 it outbid Channel 4 for the rights to distributing the third series, with a bid of $40 million.[19] The 12 episode order was divided into two series of six episodes each."}
{"id": "doc1993058", "text": "Additionally, Proma Khosla of Mashable reviewed each of the 19 episodes by tone, ranking \"USS Callister\" as 3rd least pessimistic.[47] Other critics compared the six episodes of series four in isolation, with \"USS Callister\" placing as follows:"}
{"id": "doc1993448", "text": "The songs in the film, by Bronislaw Kaper, Walter Jurmann, and Gus Kahn, are \"On Blue Venetian Waters\", \"Tomorrow Is Another Day,\" and \"All God's Chillun Got Rhythm\" (which features Ivie Anderson from Duke Ellington's orchestra). Two other songs were filmed, but cut because it was felt that the film was too long. One, \"Dr. Hackenbush\", was sung by Groucho about what a great doctor he is (\"No matter what I treat them for they die from something else\"). The other, \"A Message From The Man In The Moon\", sung by Allan Jones, is missing from the film but the melody is heard during the opening titles, some incidental music, and is \"reprised\" by Groucho during the final scene. The DVD release includes a recently rediscovered audio recording of the song, performed by Allan Jones."}
{"id": "doc1994393", "text": "The 2016 UEFA European Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016, was the 15th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA. It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016.[4][5] Spain were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments, but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy. Portugal won the tournament for the first time, following a 1\u00e2\u20ac\u201c0 victory after extra time over the host team, France, in the final played at the Stade de France."}
{"id": "doc1994438", "text": "The Golden Boot was awarded to Antoine Griezmann, who scored one goal in the group stage and five in the knockout phase."}
{"id": "doc1996268", "text": "The gun-type and implosion-type designs were codenamed \"Thin Man\" and \"Fat Man\" respectively. These code names were created by Robert Serber, a former student of Oppenheimer's who worked on the Manhattan Project. He chose them based on their design shapes; the Thin Man would be a very long device, and the name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel The Thin Man and series of movies by the same name; the Fat Man would be round and fat and was named after Sydney Greenstreet's character in The Maltese Falcon. Little Boy would come last, as a variation of Thin Man.[6] The use of the term \"little boy\" for the uranium-235 gun-type device is not known to have had any connection to George L. Harrison's use of the same term on the morning of July 18, 1945, in his report to President Harry Truman, while he attended the Potsdam Conference, concerning the success of the Trinity test two days earlier.[7]"}
{"id": "doc1996495", "text": "An elder in Christianity is a person who is valued for wisdom and holds a position of responsibility and authority in a Christian group. In some Christian traditions (e.g., Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Methodism) an elder is an ordained person who usually serves a local church or churches and who has been ordained to a ministry of word, sacrament and order, filling the preaching and pastoral offices. In other Christian traditions (e.g., Presbyterianism, Baptists, Plymouth Brethren), an elder may be a lay person charged with serving as an administrator in a local, or be ordained to such an office, also serving in the preaching (in this case referring to teaching done during church gatherings) or pastoral roles. There is technically a distinction between the idea of ordained elders and lay elders, often the two concepts are conflated in everyday conversation (for example, a lay elder in the Baptist tradition may still be referred to as being \"clergy\", especially in America). Particularly in reference to age and experience, elders exist throughout world cultures,[1][2] and the Christian sense of elder is partially related to this."}
{"id": "doc1996497", "text": "The Christian office of \"elder\" is drawn from the word's various uses in the Bible. In many instances, particularly in the Old Testament, it has reference to the older men in a tribe, usually entrusted with the governmental affairs[Exod 3:16][4:29][12:21][Josh 7:6][Ruth 4:2], whose counsel was frequently sought because of their age and experience. This was not necessarily a priesthood calling,[Gen 50:7][Ruth 4:2][Matt 15:2][Acts 4:5] although the Aaronic Priesthood is listed as having ordained elders.[Exod 24:9-11][Num 11:16] In the Septuagint, the word for Old Testament elders is presbuteros, as used in the New Testament for both Christian and Jewish leaders.[3] Various traditions in Christianity translate the underlying term differently depending on their particular doctrinal or practical view of the role. In the Moravian Church, an elder is referred to as a Helper.[4]"}
{"id": "doc1996766", "text": "The first six episodes of season four aired Tuesdays at 8:00 p.m. and 8:30 p.m. on CTV, a Canadian terrestrial television network, before settling into its regular 8:30 p.m. timeslot.[4] When the season returned to the schedules in January 2005 following a break over the Christmas period, it aired on Mondays at 8:30 p.m.[5] In the United States, it was broadcast on The N, a digital cable network aimed at teenagers and young adults. The season was released on DVD as a four disc boxed set on 28 November 2006 by Alliance Atlantis Home Entertainment in Canada, and by FUNimation Entertainment in the US on 24 October 2006. The last three episodes were also sold in the US, packaged together in two different releases; one version was dubbed \"unrated, uncensored and uncut\" and featured an audio commentary and other bonus material, the other version was dubbed \"rated\", and did not feature the audio commentary. Registered users of the Canadian and US iTunes Stores are also able purchase and download the season for playback on home computers and certain iPods.[6] This was the first season to release a soundtrack, Songs from Degrassi: The Next Generation was available as a digital download on 1 November 2005."}
{"id": "doc1997397", "text": "The third season of Friends, an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, premiered on NBC on September 19, 1996. Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The season contains 25 episodes and concluded airing on May 15, 1997."}
{"id": "doc1997613", "text": "More sophisticated criticisms of security point out that although unsecured creditors will receive less on insolvency, they should be able to compensate by charging a higher interest rate. However, since many unsecured creditors are unable to adjust their \"interest rates\" upwards (tort claimants, employees), the company benefits from a cheaper rate of credit, to the detriment of these non-adjusting creditors. There is thus a transfer of value from these parties to secured borrowers.[8]"}
{"id": "doc1997614", "text": "Most insolvency law allows mutual debts to be set-off, allowing certain creditors (those who also owe money to the insolvent debtor) a pre-preferential position. In some countries, \"involuntary\" creditors (such as tort victims) also have preferential status, and in others environmental claims have special preferred rights for cleanup costs."}
{"id": "doc1997918", "text": "and Elements \u00e2\u2020\u2019 Products"}
{"id": "doc1998840", "text": "45 mod 10 = 5"}
{"id": "doc1999320", "text": "The car originated with the Italian firm of Iso SpA. In the early 1950s the company was building refrigerators, motor scooters and small three-wheeled trucks. Iso's owner, Renzo Rivolta, decided he would like to build a small car for mass distribution.[9] By 1952 the engineers Ermenegildo Preti[10] and Pierluigi Raggi had designed a small car that used the motorcycle engine of the Iso Moto 200 and named it Isetta\u00e2\u20ac\u201dan Italian diminutive meaning little ISO.[9]"}
{"id": "doc1999887", "text": "The movie was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It debuted in the USA on December 6, 1992."}
{"id": "doc2000096", "text": "Lang played Harold (Happy) Loman in the 1984 Broadway revival of Death of a Salesman and the 1985 television film with Dustin Hoffman as Willy Loman, and appeared in the first Hannibal Lecter film Manhunter (1986), as reporter Freddy Lounds.[10] He played attorney David Abrams in the television series Crime Story (1986\u00e2\u20ac\u201c88). He played the title role in the NBC movie Babe Ruth (1991). He later played the \"One Armed Man\" in the 2000 revival of The Fugitive starring Tim Daly. The series was a modest success but lasted only one season because of its large production budget."}
{"id": "doc2000230", "text": "The six types of retinal neurons are bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, retina amacrine cells, and rod and cone photoreceptors."}
{"id": "doc2000671", "text": "The series was released on DVD as a five-disc set. All 22 episodes are included, as well as bonus features.[30]"}
{"id": "doc2001658", "text": "The Legislature is composed of 49 members, chosen by a single-member district or constituency. Senators are chosen for four-year terms, with one-half of the seats up for election every second year. In effect, this results in half the chamber being elected at the same time as the President of the United States, and the other half elected at the same time as other statewide elections. Senators must be qualified voters who are at least 21 years old and have lived in the district they wish to represent for at least one year. A constitutional amendment passed in 2000 limits senators to two consecutive terms. However, a former senator is re-eligible for election after four years. Senators receive $12,000 a year."}
{"id": "doc2003302", "text": "Albuquerque became the 20th host city, and The Pit the 21st host venue, for the Final Four. Albuquerque was the third smallest metropolitan area to host a Final Four, ahead of only Lexington and Greensboro. While it is not on the main campus of the University of New Mexico, the arena is part of the south campus of the school (which includes Dreamstyle Stadium, Santa Ana Star Field, and most other campus athletics facilities, as well as neighboring Isotopes Park), making this the last Final Four held on a campus of any kind.  The 1983 tournament saw five new host cities - Boise, Evansville, Hartford, Syracuse and Tampa. Of the five, only Evansville has not repeated as a host city yet. The tournament also saw two venues returning after long absences, with Kansas City (first time since 1964) and Corvallis, Oregon (first time since 1967). While Kansas City, Kemper Arena and its successor venue the Sprint Center have continued to host tournament games, this would be the last time Corvallis has hosted since. Any future tournament games to be played in Tampa would be at the Amalie Arena or Tropicana Field."}
{"id": "doc2003306", "text": "A historically significant run in the tournament was that of Georgia, who became the last team to date to advance to the Final Four in its first-ever NCAA Tournament appearance. But the N.C. State team led by Jim Valvano became the archetype of the \"Cinderella team\", the underdog that many fans look to as a possible spoiler over top-ranked teams. This label has, since then, been applied to many programs, including Villanova in 1985, Gonzaga in 1999, George Mason in 2006, Butler in 2010 and 2011, VCU in 2011, and Wichita State in 2013. Not only did N.C. State beat Houston to win the championship, but they also beat #1 seeded Virginia on their way to the Final Four.  The Wolfpack did not assure themselves of a tournament bid until they upset Virginia in the championship game of the ACC tournament. North Carolina State became the first team in tournament history to win six games en route to the title (the tournament being 32 teams or less prior to 1979, and all champions from 1979 to 1982 had first-round byes)."}
{"id": "doc2003513", "text": "The episode was partially shot in the area of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.[12] The original cut of the episode (all three parts) ran over four hours long."}
{"id": "doc2004259", "text": "Aside from establishing shots of iconic landmarks, the scenes in London were largely filmed in Prague, Czech Republic.[2][3]"}
{"id": "doc2004585", "text": "In all appearances but one, \"\u1f85\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2\" has little if any relation to afterlife rewards or punishments. The one exception is Luke's parable of Lazarus and the rich man, in which the rich man finds himself, after death, in Hades,[4] and \"in anguish in this flame\",[5] while in contrast the angels take Lazarus to \"the bosom of Abraham\",[6] described as a state of comfort.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2004921", "text": "Vincent van Gogh,\nSunflowers"}
{"id": "doc2005210", "text": "The etymology of the word Moab is uncertain. The earliest gloss is found in the Septuagint[29] which explains the name, in obvious allusion to the account of Moab's parentage, as \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. Other etymologies which have been proposed regard it as a corruption of \"seed of a father\", or as a participial form from \"to desire\", thus connoting \"the desirable (land)\". Rashi explains the word Mo'ab to mean \"from the father\", since ab in Hebrew and Arabic and the rest of the Semitic languages means \"father\". He writes that as a result of the immodesty of Moab's name, God did not command the Jews to refrain from inflicting pain upon the Moabites in the manner in which he did with regard to the Ammonites. Fritz Hommel regards Moab as an abbreviation of Immo-ab = \"his mother is his father\".[30]"}
{"id": "doc2005304", "text": "Since the 19th century, legal personhood has been further construed to make it a citizen, resident, or domiciliary of a state (usually for purposes of personal jurisdiction). In Louisville, C. & C.R. Co. v. Letson, 2 How. 497, 558, 11 L.Ed. 353 (1844), the U.S. Supreme Court held that for the purposes of the case at hand, a corporation is \"capable of being treated as a citizen of [the State which created it], as much as a natural person.\" Ten years later, they reaffirmed the result of Letson, though on the somewhat different theory that \"those who use the corporate name, and exercise the faculties conferred by it,\" should be presumed conclusively to be citizens of the corporation's State of incorporation. Marshall v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co., 16 How. 314, 329, 14 L.Ed. 953 (1854). These concepts have been codified by statute, as U.S. jurisdictional statutes specifically address the domicile of corporations."}
{"id": "doc2007046", "text": "Different sigma factors are utilized under different environmental conditions. These specialized sigma factors bind the promoters of genes appropriate to the environmental conditions, increasing the transcription of those genes."}
{"id": "doc2007159", "text": "Portions of the film were shot in the Coachella Valley, California. Train scenes were filmed in the Red Hills area near Jamestown, Tuolumne County, California, utilizing the Sierra Railway's famous Number 3 locomotive. [2]"}
{"id": "doc2007762", "text": "A. I believe the voice is saying, \"Look out!\" Wrightaway 06:19, 18 September 2007 (UTC)"}
{"id": "doc2008399", "text": "After the Beatles' final commercial concert on 29 August 1966, Lennon was deprived of the routine of live performances; he felt lost and considered leaving the band.[63] Since his involuntary introduction to LSD, he had increased his use of the drug and was almost constantly under its influence for much of 1967.[64] According to biographer Ian MacDonald, Lennon's continuous experimentation with LSD during the year brought him \"close to erasing his identity\".[65] The year 1967 saw the release of \"Strawberry Fields Forever\", hailed by Time magazine for its \"astonishing inventiveness\",[66] and the group's landmark album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which revealed Lennon's lyrics that contrasted strongly with the simple love songs of the Lennon\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMcCartney's early years."}
{"id": "doc2008672", "text": "Other pronouns which show a similar distinction include everyone/everybody vs. everything, no one/nobody vs. nothing, etc."}
{"id": "doc2009210", "text": "Natural persons may act pro se. Corporations and other business entities must  hire an attorney except for cases cognizable in small claims, where an authorized nonlawyer officer or employee may generally appear.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2009331", "text": "A \u27e8y\u27e9 that derives from the \u27e8ij\u27e9 ligature occurs in the Afrikaans language, a descendant of Dutch, and in Alemannic German names. In Afrikaans, it denotes the diphthong [\u0259i]. In Alemannic German names, it denotes long /i\u02d0/, for instance in Schnyder [\u02c8\u0283ni\u02d0d\u0259r] or Schwyz [\u02c8\u0283\u028bi\u02d0ts] \u2013 the cognate non-Alemannic German names Schneider [\u02c8\u0283na\u026ad\u0259r] or Schweiz [\u0283\u028ba\u026ats] have the diphthong /a\u026a/ that developed from long /i\u02d0/."}
{"id": "doc2009369", "text": "In this illustration from page 46 of the Caedmon manuscript, an angel is shown guarding the gates of paradise, after Adam and Eve have been expelled."}
{"id": "doc2010336", "text": "In January 2010, Jackson was posthumously honored with the International Lifetime Achievement Award.[11]"}
{"id": "doc2010340", "text": "Jackson was honoured with four Black Gold Awards in 1983.[14]"}
{"id": "doc2010343", "text": "Michael Jackson won the Bob Fosse Award for \"Best Choreography\" in 1997.[12]"}
{"id": "doc2010353", "text": "The British TV Industry awarded Jackson an \"Artist of the Decade\" award in 1989.[14]"}
{"id": "doc2010368", "text": "In 1984, Jackson was awarded a Crystal Globe Award for exceeding sales of over 5 million units.[10]"}
{"id": "doc2010379", "text": "The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards) \u2014 or Grammys \u2014 are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. The awards ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and some of the awards of more popular interest are presented in a widely viewed televised ceremony. Since 1980, Jackson has won a total of 13 Grammy Awards from 36 nominations throughout his career. In 1984, he won a record breaking 8 Grammy Awards. In addition, he has received the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Four of his recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame."}
{"id": "doc2010380", "text": "In 1993, he was awarded the Grammy Legend Award which was presented by his sister Janet Jackson."}
{"id": "doc2010388", "text": "Michael Jackson was the first celebrity to have two stars in the same category, one as a member of The Jacksons in 1980 and another as a solo artist in 1984."}
{"id": "doc2010404", "text": "Music Connection named Jackson \"Man of the Decade\" in 1990.[9]"}
{"id": "doc2010405", "text": "Jackson was inducted into the Music Video Producers' Hall of Fame in 1991 and twice in 1992.[19]"}
{"id": "doc2010420", "text": "In 1984, Michael Jackson was named \"Entertainer of the Year\" and his music video, Thriller, collected the award for \"Favorite Video of the Year\"."}
{"id": "doc2010440", "text": "Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) of Hong Kong awarded Michael Jackson because for his artistic achievements."}
{"id": "doc2010467", "text": "On June 20, 1988, Michael Jackson arrives in Paris, France, P.R.-ist Bob Jones and bodyguard Wayne Nagin. The city's mayor at the time, Jacques Chirac, presents Jackson with \u2018La Grande Medaille de la Ville\u2019de Paris, equivalent to the Keys to the City."}
{"id": "doc2010474", "text": "On October 25, 2003 Jackson was given the key to the city of Las Vegas; the mayor also made the date \"Michael Jackson Day\"."}
{"id": "doc2010481", "text": "In 1989 Rock Over Europe Awards awarded Jackson with the Children of the world music video award."}
{"id": "doc2010532", "text": "Zihuatanejo (Spanish pronunciation:\u00a0[siwata\u02c8nexo]), or Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, is the fourth-largest city in the Mexican state of Guerrero. Politically the city belongs to the municipality of Zihuatanejo de Azueta in the western part of Guerrero, but both are commonly referred to as Zihuatanejo. It is on the Pacific Coast, about 240\u00a0km (150 miles) northwest of Acapulco, and belongs to a section of the Mexican Pacific Coast known as the Costa Grande.[1] This town has been developed as a tourist attraction along with the modern tourist resort of Ixtapa, 5\u00a0km (3.1\u00a0mi) away. However, Zihuatanejo has kept its traditional town feel.[2] The town is located on a well-protected bay which is popular with private boat owners during the winter months.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2011042", "text": "The North Boreal (NB) zone, (also known as open or sparse taiga) is the zone closest to the tree line, bordering the alpine or polar area and dominated by a harsh subarctic climate. There are at least 30 days with a mean of 10\u00a0\u00b0C or more (summer) and up to about 2 months. The trees grow very slow and generally do not get very large; the forest is not as dense as further south or at lower altitude, and is known as the mountain forest (No:Fjellskog). The NB zone covers a total of 28% of the land area in Norway, including almost half of Finnmark, where the mountain birch is growing down to sea level. The lower part of this zone also has conifers, but the tree line in Norway is mostly formed by mountain birch, a subspecies of downy birch (ssp. czerepanovii [6]; not to be confused with dwarf birch). Spruce and pine make up the tree line in some mountain areas with a more continental climate. Alpine plants are common in this zone. Birch forest at 1,320 m above sea level at Sikilsdalshorn is the highest tree line in Norway. The tree line is lower closer to the coast and in areas with lower mountains due to cooler summers, more wind near mountain summits, and more snow in the winter (coastal mountains) leading to later snowmelt. The NB zone is located at 750 \u2013 950 m altitude in the interior of \u00d8stlandet and covers large areas; at 800 \u2013 1200 m in the central mountain areas; but at the western coast the tree line is down to about 500 m above sea level, increasing significantly into the long fjords (1,100 m at the head of Sognefjord). Further north, large areas in the interior highlands or uplands of Tr\u00f8ndelag and North Norway is dominated by the NB zone, with the tree line at about 800 m amsl in the interior of Tr\u00f8ndelag, 600 m in Rana, 500 m in Narvik, 400 m in Troms\u00f8, 100 m in Hammerfest (only pockets in sheltered areas) and 200 m in Kirkenes. The large Finnmarksvidda plateau is at an altitude placing it almost exactly at the tree line. The last patch of NB zone gives way to tundra at sea level about 10\u00a0km south of the North Cape plateau (near Skarsv\u00e5g); areas south of this line is tundra-like with scattered patches of mountain birch woodland (forest tundra) and becomes alpine tundra even at minor elevations. The trees near the tree line is often bent by snow, wind and growing season frost; height is only 2 \u2013 4 m. Outside Norway (and adjacent areas in Sweden), the only other areas in the world with the tree line mostly made up by a small-leaved deciduous tree like birch - in contrast to conifers - are Iceland and the Kamtschatka peninsula."}
{"id": "doc2011376", "text": "Welles added this remark \u2013 in the published script, it is in a footnote. Greene wrote in a letter,[24] \"What happened was that during the shooting of The Third Man it was found necessary for the timing to insert another sentence.\" Welles apparently said the lines came from \"an old Hungarian play\" \u2014 in any event the idea is not original to Welles, acknowledged by the phrase \"what the fellow said\"."}
{"id": "doc2012361", "text": "The 2018\u00e2\u20ac\u201c19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season will begin on November 2018 and end with the Final Four title game at Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida on April 2019. Practices will officially begin in September 2018."}
{"id": "doc2013112", "text": "The initial revelation was followed by a pause and a second encounter with Gabriel when Muhammad heard a voice from the sky and saw the same angel \"sitting between the sky and the earth\" and the revelations resumed with the first verses of chapter 74."}
{"id": "doc2014621", "text": "Filming began on September 13, 1993, and ended on November 20, 1993. The scenes at the fictional \"Fort McClane\" were actually filmed at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. The production trailers were set up alongside the barracks on \"Tank Hill\". During the filming, countless soldiers were filmed doing P.T. (physical training) and B.R.M. (basic rifle marksmanship), and the graduation scene of the film was shot during numerous takes of an actual basic training graduation. The scene of Danny DeVito on a pay phone was shot at a phone bank that countless soldiers have used to call home during basic training. The scenes of DeVito going over the bridge from Detroit to Canada are actually him driving over the Blue Water Bridge in Sarnia, Point Edward, Ontario and Port Huron, Michigan."}
{"id": "doc2015675", "text": "On February 19, 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court released a new congressional map, to take effect for the May 15, 2018, primaries.[16] The Court voted to implement the new map by a 4\u00e2\u20ac\u201c3 vote.[17] The map was designed with the assistance of Stanford University law professor Nathan Persily.[18] The districts in the Court's map were significantly more compact, and its map split fewer municipalities and counties than the prior Republican-drawn map.[19] While the GOP-drawn map had favored Republican candidates, the court-drawn map is expected not to favor one party over the other.[20]"}
{"id": "doc2015719", "text": "Mexicans celebrate their Independence from Spain on September 16, and other holidays with festivals known as \"Fiestas\". Many Mexican cities, towns and villages hold a yearly festival to commemorate their local patron saints. During these festivities, the people pray and burn candles to honor their saints in churches decorated with flowers and colorful utensils. They also hold large parades, fireworks, dance competitions, beauty pageant contest, party and buy refreshments in the market places and public squares. In the smaller towns and villages, soccer, and boxing are also celebrated during the festivities."}
{"id": "doc2015724", "text": "In modern Mexico and particularly in the larger cities and in the North, local traditions are now being observed and intertwined with the greater North American Santa Claus tradition, as well as with other holidays such as Halloween, due to Americanization via film and television, creating an economy of gifting tradition that spans from Christmas Day until January 6."}
{"id": "doc2015875", "text": "Unlike in the French army and air force, one does not prepend mon to the name of the rank when addressing an officer (that is, not mon capitaine, but simply capitaine).[14] Addressing a French Navy lieutenant de vaisseau (for instance) with a \"mon capitaine\" will attract the traditional answer \"Dans la Marine il y a Mon Dieu et mon cul, pas mon capitaine!\" (\"In the Navy there are My God and my arse, no 'my captain'!\")."}
{"id": "doc2017803", "text": "Meanwhile, theologian contemporaries of the translators made strides towards the reconciliation of faith and experimental rationalism, thereby priming Europe for the influx of alchemical thought. The 11th-century St\u00c2\u00a0Anselm put forth the opinion that faith and rationalism were compatible and encouraged rationalism in a Christian context. In the early 12th century, Peter Abelard followed Anselm's work, laying down the foundation for acceptance of Aristotelian thought before the first works of Aristotle had reached the West. In the early 13th century, Robert Grosseteste used Abelard's methods of analysis and added the use of observation, experimentation, and conclusions when conducting scientific investigations. Grosseteste also did much work to reconcile Platonic and Aristotelian thinking.[47]"}
{"id": "doc2018288", "text": "Jesus said in John 1:51 \"And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.\"  This statement has been interpreted as associating or implicating Jesus with the mythical ladder, in that Christ bridges the gap between Heaven and Earth. Jesus presents himself as the reality to which the ladder points; as Jacob saw in a dream the reunion of Heaven and Earth, Jesus brought this reunion, metaphorically the ladder, into reality. Adam Clarke, an early 19th-century Methodist theologian and Bible scholar, elaborates:"}
{"id": "doc2019060", "text": "The Arameans and Phrygians were subjected, and Assyria and its colonies were not threatened by the Sea Peoples who had ravaged Egypt and much of the East Mediterranean. However, after the death of Ashur-bel-kala in 1056 BC, Assyria withdrew to its natural borders, encompassing what is today northern Iraq, north east Syria, the fringes of north west Iran, and south eastern Turkey. Assyria retained a stable monarchy, the best army in the world, and an efficient civil administration, enabling it to survive the Bronze Age Collapse intact. From the late 10th century BC, it once more began to assert itself internationally.[19]"}
{"id": "doc2019171", "text": "Krypton (from Greek: \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 kryptos \"the hidden one\") is a chemical element with symbol\u00a0Kr and atomic number\u00a036. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. With rare exceptions, krypton is chemically inert."}
{"id": "doc2019187", "text": "The krypton fluoride laser is important in nuclear fusion energy research in confinement experiments. The laser has high beam uniformity, short wavelength, and the spot size can be varied to track an imploding pellet.[36]"}
{"id": "doc2019605", "text": "The assumed authenticity is often so great that other performers have either been confused by it or played off it to fool unsuspecting audiences. In one of their recorded performances of the song, famed Scottish folk singers The Corries state during a preamble that the song is in fact from the 18th century. However they also claim that it is the story of a Scottish exile, changing the line \"I wish I was in Sherbrooke now\" to \"I wish I was in Edinburgh now\" even though no such references appear in the lyrics, and that the Antelope's captain was \"Cid Barrett\" not the correct \"Elcid\"."}
{"id": "doc2020810", "text": "Jack, now besotted with her, plans to leave Sally for Monica, but they decide Jack should wait until Sally finishes her midterms for Jack to break up with her. The trio go out for lunch after Sally's exams, and when they are alone, Jack tells Monica he plans to dump Sally that night. They make plans to travel to Greece and Sicily together. Then Monica gets a phone call from her agent who says she has been offered a role in a Hollywood blockbuster. She will film in Los Angeles and Tokyo for the next five months and she immediately becomes completely focused on preparing for the role. She forgets about traveling with Jack, who realizes how shallow she is. John and Jack walk back to the Roman street corner where they met and they part ways. It is possible that John's whole experience was actually his memory of what happened to him 30 years ago. (It is loosely implied that Sally is now his wife.)"}
{"id": "doc2021184", "text": "Water Lilies, 1922, Toledo Museum of Art"}
{"id": "doc2021202", "text": "Water Lilies, 1907 The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston"}
{"id": "doc2021205", "text": "Water Lilies, 1906, Art Institute of Chicago"}
{"id": "doc2022943", "text": "Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include:"}
{"id": "doc2024813", "text": "Ampicillin is in the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics and is part of the aminopenicillin family. It is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of activity.[2] Ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin G, or benzylpenicillin, only by the presence of an amino group. That amino group, present on both ampicillin and amoxicillin, helps them enter the pores of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella).[14][31]"}
{"id": "doc2024841", "text": "\"We will bury you!\" (Russian: \u00ab\u041c\u044b \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c!\u00bb, translit.\u00a0\"My vas pokhoronim!\") is a phrase that was used by Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev  while addressing Western ambassadors at a reception at the Polish embassy in Moscow on November 18, 1956.[1][2][3] The phrase was originally translated into English by Khrushchev's personal interpreter Viktor Sukhodrev.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2025330", "text": "Monaco became the second French team to reach the Champions League final. Marseille lost the 1991 final but triumphed two years later, defeating Milan."}
{"id": "doc2026297", "text": "Names of Moon dwellers and Moon cities resemble English, German, Italian and Spanish words amalgamated with Russian roots, e.g. Davilon (from \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u2014 to suppress and \u0412\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d \u2014 Babylon), Grabenberg (from \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u2014 to rob and \u2026berg \u2014 a typical German-like toponym), Brekhenville (from \u0431\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2014 to lie or to bark (slang) and \u2026ville \u2014 typical French-like toponym), Los Svinos (from \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044c\u044f \u2014 a pig and Los.. \u2014 a typical Spanish-like toponym prefix, e.g. Los Angeles) etc.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2026615", "text": "Creator John Gray grew up in Brooklyn, New York, which is not far from Grand View-On-Hudson (also called Grand View), west of the Hudson River. Piermont is often referenced in episodes as the neighboring town, which is accurate to real life as Grand View is actually located just north of Piermont. Professor Rick Payne worked at the fictional \"Rockland University\", and, perhaps not coincidentally, the actual village of Grand View is a village located in Rockland County, New York."}
{"id": "doc2027228", "text": "The script was written by Vince Marcello, Mark Landry and Robert Horn, from a story by Marcello and Landry. Pre-production of the film began in January 2012. Teen Beach Movie is the third DCOM filmed in Puerto Rico, the first two being Princess Protection Program and Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie. On March 28, 2012, local Puerto Rican press covered part of the filming, which took place in the island. Most beach scenes took place in Fajardo in the east coast of the island, while indoor scenes, such as McKenzie's bedroom, a diner-style restaurant, with plenty of room for the dance numbers, and a kitchen, where filmed inside an undisclosed warehouse in Bayam\u00f3n. At the time, the film was titled Teen Beach Musical.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2029100", "text": "In 2016, the arena hosted first and second round games for the South and East regionals of the Men\u2019s NCAA Basketball Tournament and the games featured the likes of perennial college basketball powerhouse schools Kansas, Kentucky, Indiana and Connecticut.[9] The NCAA Men\u2019s basketball tournament will return to Wells Fargo Arena in 2019, hosting the tournament's first and second round from March 21-23."}
{"id": "doc2029170", "text": "The 'steep' portion of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is the range that exists at the systemic capillaries (a small drop in systemic capillary p(O2) can result in the release of large amounts of oxygen for the metabolically active cells)."}
{"id": "doc2031536", "text": "The capitals of the provinces and territories of Pakistan have remained the same since the 1970s when the current administrative structure was established. All four provincial capitals are the largest cities of their respective provinces.Pakistan has a total population of 207,774,520 according to 2017 census estimate.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2031737", "text": "The rule is notoriously difficult to properly apply, as pointed out by a 1961 decision of the Supreme Court of California which held that it was not legal malpractice for an attorney to draft a will that inadvertently violated the rule against perpetuities.[4] Therefore, in the United States it has been abolished by statute in Alaska, Idaho, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,[5] Kentucky,[6] and South Dakota.[7] The Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities validates non-vested interests that would otherwise be void as violating the common law rule if that interest actually vests within 90 years of its creation;[8] it has been enacted in 29 states (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and is currently under consideration in New York.[9][10] Other jurisdictions apply the \"wait and see\" or \"cy-pr\u00e8s doctrine\" that validates contingent remainders and executory interests that would be void under the traditional rule in certain circumstances.[7] These doctrines have also been codified in the United Kingdom by the 1964 statute.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2032351", "text": "After its secession in 1830, Belgium incorporated into its nobility all titles of baron borne by Belgian citizens which had been recognized by the Netherlands since 1815. In addition, its monarchs have since created or recognized other titles of baron, and the sovereign continues to exercise the prerogative to confer baronial and other titles of nobility. Baron is the third lowest title within the nobility system above knight (French: chevalier, Dutch: ridder) and below viscount. There are still a number of families in Belgium that bear the title of baron."}
{"id": "doc2032387", "text": "The lac repressor (LacI) operates by a helix-turn-helix motif in its DNA binding domain binding base-specifically to the major groove of the operator region of the lac operon, with base contacts also made by residues of symmetry-related alpha helices, the \"hinge\" helices, which bind deeply in the minor groove.[1] This DNA binding causes the specific affinity of RNA polymerase for the promoter sequence to increase sufficiently that it cannot escape the promoter region and enter elongation, and so prevents transcription of the mRNA coding for the Lac proteins.[2] When lactose is present, allolactose binds to the lac repressor, causing an allosteric change in its shape. In its changed state, the lac repressor is unable to bind tightly to its cognate operator. This effect is referred to as induction, because it induces, rather than represses, expression of the metabolic genes. In vitro, Isopropyl \u03b2-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) is a commonly used allolactose mimic which can be used to induce transcription of genes being regulated by lac repressor."}
{"id": "doc2033252", "text": "Kabuli Gate or Khooni Darwaza (Coordinates: 28.635974N 77.241042E), literally translated means \u201cBloody Gate\u201d, a \u201cmorbid sounding name\u201d.\nIt is an impressive double\u2013storied structure. Its construction is credited to Sher Shah Suri's reign from 1540\u20131545 (though the fort walls of the Suri period have not been seen to extend to this gate). It was built largely with grey stone but red stones were also used in the frames of its windows.[4][9][29]\nThough not within the walls of the Shahajahan's fort, it is located on the Mathura road opposite to the Ferozshah Kotla near Maulana Azad Medical College .\nAt this gate, on September 21, 1857, during the Indian Rebellion, three sons of the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, were executed by the British Officer, Captain William Hodson."}
{"id": "doc2033841", "text": "In 1932, during the Great Depression, Yankee Irving (Jake T. Austin) is young baseball fan, whose father Stanley (Mandy Patinkin) works as a janitor for Yankee Stadium. While the two are on the premises, a thief steals Babe Ruth's famous bat Darlin' (Whoopi Goldberg), with the result that Yankee's father is blamed and fired, who blamed Yankee for stealing it and framing his own father. The true thief is Lefty Maginnis (William H. Macy), a pitcher for the Chicago Cubs. Lefty works for Cubs owner Napoleon Cross (Robin Williams), who desires to see the Cubs defeat the Yankees during the 1932 World Series."}
{"id": "doc2033842", "text": "Stealing the bat back, Yankee decides to return it to Ruth and thereby exonerate his father by journeying across the country to Chicago, where the next World Series' games will be played. Darlin' is able to speak, as does her counterpart Screwie (Rob Reiner), a baseball, who she constantly argues and bickers with (though near the end, they finally become friends). Much of the plot is driven by Lefty's comic attempts to retrieve the bat from Yankee, with slapstick results. Other scenes involve Yankee meeting others who will help him in his quest: several hobos (Ed Helms); Marti (Raven-Symone), an African American girl; her baseball player father Lonnie Brewster (Forest Whitaker); and in Chicago, Babe Ruth himself (Brian Dennehy)."}
{"id": "doc2034127", "text": "The film began production in Pinewood Toronto Studios on 3 October 2011. Production ended on 18 December 2011. Parts of the film were also shot in Quebec City, Quebec. Although the film was produced in Canada, it is based in Clifton Forge, Virginia. The film was initially scheduled for release in October 2012, but was later rescheduled for January[8] to avoid competing with Paranormal Activity 4. Its success at that later date has, among with other dump months horror films, convinced studios to start opening horror movies year-round.[9]"}
{"id": "doc2034261", "text": "A variant last line of that first stanza\u2014reading, \"When we came\"\u2014appears in some editions; however, the 1922 Oxford text (considered the definitive version; see below) has \"When I came\". The poem originated as prose, submitted by letter to Graves, who edited the work heavily into its current form, rewriting an entire stanza and correcting the others.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2034534", "text": "During the 1850s, in a technological revolution of major proportions, the rifle musket began to replace the relatively inaccurate smoothbore musket in ever-increasing numbers, both in Europe and America. This process, accelerated by the Civil War, ensured that the rifled shoulder weapon would be the basic weapon used by infantrymen in both the Federal and Confederate armies. The standard and most common shoulder weapon used in the American Civil War was the Springfield .58\u2011caliber rifle musket, models 1855, 1861, and 1863. In 1855, the US Army adopted this weapon to replace the .69\u2011caliber smoothbore musket and the .54\u2011caliber rifle. In appearance, the rifle musket was similar to the smoothbore musket. Both were single\u2011shot muzzleloaders, but the rifled bore of the new weapon substantially increased its range and accuracy. The rifling system chosen by the United States was designed by Claude Mini\u00e9, a French Army officer. Whereas earlier rifles fired a round nonexpanding ball, the Mini\u00e9 system used a hollow\u2011based cylindro\u2011conoidal projectile slightly smaller than the bore that dropped easily into the barrel. When the powder charge was ignited by a fulminate of mercury percussion cap, the released powder gases expanded the base of the bullet into the rifled grooves, giving the projectile a ballistic spin. The model 1855 Springfield rifle musket was the first regulation arm to use the hollow\u2011base .58\u2011caliber minie bullet. The slightly modified model 1861 was the principal infantry weapon of the Civil War, although two subsequent models in 1863 were produced in about equal quantities. The model 1861 was 56 inches long overall, had a 40\u2011inch barrel, and weighed 9 pounds 2 ounces with its bayonet. The 21-inch socket bayonet consisted of an 18\u2011inch triangular blade and 3\u2011inch socket. The Springfield had a rear sight graduated to 500 yards. The maximum effective range of this weapon was approximately 500 yards, although it had killing power at 1,000 yards. The round could penetrate 11 inches of white-pine board at 200 yards and 3\u00bc inches at 1,000 yards, with a penetration of 1 inch considered the equivalent of disabling a human being. Although the new weapons had increased accuracy and effectiveness, the soldiers\u2019 vision was still obscured by the clouds of smoke produced by the rifle musket\u2019s black powder propellant."}
{"id": "doc2035410", "text": "Towards the end of 1937 (beginning with 't' & 'u' block pistols) Mauser phased out rust blue process and \"straw finishing\" the small parts and levers on their pistols, choosing to salt blue them with the rest of the weapon. When in combination with black Bakelite grip panels, used on some examples starting in 1941, these pistols were named the \"Black Widow\" model by a postwar US arms dealer as a marketing ploy."}
{"id": "doc2035909", "text": "Claimants who filed an initial claim effective on or after May 7, 2006 are potentially eligible for EUC08. Individuals who are monetarily ineligible when a new benefit year is filed may qualify for EUC08 on the basis of a previous claim."}
{"id": "doc2036045", "text": "The heir apparent is Charles Francis Topham de Vere Beauclerk, Earl of Burford (b. 1965) (only son of the 14th Duke)."}
{"id": "doc2036108", "text": "b) In nouns; One boy; two boys; one man"}
{"id": "doc2036707", "text": "The movement's leader was Prus' friend, Julian Ochorowicz (1850\u20131917), a trained philosopher with a doctorate from the University of Leipzig. In 1872 he wrote: \"We shall call a Positivist, anyone who bases assertions on verifiable evidence; who does not express himself categorically about doubtful things, and does not speak at all about those that are inaccessible.\"[52]"}
{"id": "doc2037498", "text": "The majority of the film was shot in Santa Cruz, California; this includes the Santa Cruz Boardwalk, the Pogonip open space preserve, and the surrounding Santa Cruz Mountains. Originally, the script called for Santa Cruz to be the name of the fictional town where the \"lost boys\" hunted their prey. However, the aforementioned city's council strongly objected to the town being portrayed as the \"murder capital of the world\"; so they refused to grant filming permits. It was for this reason the producers introduced the fictional town of \"Santa Carla\". Unbeknown at the time, was the fact that Santa Cruz's true crime history is what attracted the producers to the beach town in the first place. In the late 1970s, Santa Cruz gained an unpopular reputation as \"Murdersville, USA\" and as being \"the Murder Capital of the World\" after three infamous serial killers (Kemper, Mullin, and Carpenter) were found to have hunted victims in the area.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2039201", "text": "Whatever the circumstances were, a small boy at the scene reportedly said he was scared and declared, \"I'm going to cut around the corner and shoot through the bushes in a minute!\" This statement apparently stayed in the residents' minds and was eventually adopted as the town's name.[6] It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc2040327", "text": "Film composer Danny Elfman composed the music for all of Burton's feature films with the exception of Ed Wood (1994), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) and Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016). He also composed the music for The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), a stop-motion animated film Burton co-wrote and produced.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2040334", "text": "Burton also often works with certain crew members in multiple directing projects. This includes screenwriters Warren Skaaren, Caroline Thompson, John August, and Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski, producers Denise Di Novi, Allison Abbate, and Richard D. Zanuck, composer Danny Elfman, composer/music supervisor/music producer/music editor Mike Higham, costume designer Colleen Atwood, production designers Bo Welch, Alex McDowell, and Rick Heinrichs, cinematographers Stefan Czapsky, Philippe Rousselot, Dariusz Wolski, and Bruno Delbonnel, makeup artists Ve Neill, Stan Winston and Rick Baker, and editor/executive producer Chris Lebenzon. Burton has worked with director Henry Selick on The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) and James and the Giant Peach (1996), the former of which Burton co-wrote. He has also worked with fellow producer/director Timur Bekmambetov and producer Jim Lemley on 9 (2009) and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012), for which Bekmambetov also served as director. Burton has also collaborated with puppet manufacturers Mackinnon & Saunders three times: a failed attempt on Mars Attacks!, Corpse Bride and Frankenweenie."}
{"id": "doc2040435", "text": "The Fighting Irish finished the 2015\u201316 season 24\u201312, 11\u20137 in ACC play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They defeated Duke in the quarterfinals of the ACC Tournament before losing in the semifinals to North Carolina. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they defeated Michigan, Stephen F. Austin, and Wisconsin to advance to the Elite Eight. There they lost to fellow ACC member North Carolina."}
{"id": "doc2041368", "text": "A competition was launched in 2005 to design one or more new iconic images, along the same lines as the \"Angel of the North\", to be placed at the borders of Wales.[22] This became known as the \"Landmark Wales\" project, and a shortlist of 15 proposals was unveiled in 2007.[23][24] However, the proposal was shelved after it failed to receive Lottery funding.[25]"}
{"id": "doc2041825", "text": "Hoffa, on a hunting trip with D'Allesandro, discusses ways to exploit the union's pension fund. Having no paper with them, the plans are sketched on the back of a hunting license. Subsequently, Hoffa is betrayed by a junior associate, Peter Connelly, who testifies at Hoffa's trial. The critical evidence against Hoffa is the hunting license on which the plans to raid the Teamster's pension fund were written. Hoffa surrenders to federal officials and serves time in a Pennsylvania federal prison while Connelly's uncle, Frank Fitzsimmons, takes over as Teamsters boss. Ciaro, also convicted and imprisoned, is freed and immediately begins working for Hoffa's release. D'Allesandro suggests that the Teamsters endorse Richard M. Nixon for President, so that in exchange for Teamster endorsement, Hoffa will receive a presidential pardon."}
{"id": "doc2042102", "text": "\"I know, but I won't give in to it. Leaving him to die all alone without even anyone to hold his hand\u00e2\u20ac\u201dI WON'T HAVE IT!!!\"[3]"}
{"id": "doc2042536", "text": "Bagwell is initially an endless source of friction on the escape team, testing the others' patience with racist taunts, and is a constant strain on Michael\u2019s conscience. Throughout the season, T-Bag is shown as having a sexual interest in other inmates, and coerces his new cellmate Seth into a sexual relationship. After Seth hangs himself, Bagwell moves on to harass newly arrived inmate Tweener, who had alienated himself among Fox River\u2019s prison population. Michael, who was feeling guilty about Seth\u2019s death, finally confronts Bagwell with a crowbar to the knee and told him to leave Tweener alone. In the following episodes, friction continues to increase between Bagwell and the other members of the escape team. When the group discovers that they have one too many for a successful escape, Abruzzi gives Bagwell an ultimatum in the episode \"Odd Man Out\": back out of the escape or die. Bagwell also learns that his cousin James Bagwell and his son had been killed and is deeply upset. Knowing that Abruzzi was behind it, Bagwell seeks revenge, and slashes Abruzzi's throat with a razor blade in a failed attempt to kill him. Bagwell is among one of six inmates included in the first unsuccessful escape attempt in the episode \"End of the Tunnel\"."}
{"id": "doc2043247", "text": "The complex includes two halls, the first was built in memory of John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, and the second in memory of Robert Montgomery Martin. It was built in 1866 at the initial cost of Rs.108,000, contributed by the Punjab Chiefs and leading Lahore citizens. The conformity of style with the earlier building was ensured by G. Stone who, in order to present a single unified whole, linked the space between the two halls by a covered corridor. a park previously known as \"Lawrence Gardens\"."}
{"id": "doc2043743", "text": "Any person can also apply for correction of his name or any other entry in his respect as appearing in the Draft updated NRC, he/ she can file correction application within a stipulated period before the LRCR"}
{"id": "doc2044192", "text": "With regard to intervals, the words major and minor just mean large and small, so a major third is a wider interval, and a minor third a relatively narrow one. The intervals of the second, third, sixth, and seventh (and compound intervals based on them) may be major or minor."}
{"id": "doc2044296", "text": "Other English patriotic songs which have been proposed[citation needed] as possible national anthems of England include traditional songs such as \"Rose of England\", an English patriotic song written by Ivor Novello in 1937 for his musical Crest of the Wave, and popularised by Vera Lynn. The flower to which the song's lyrics refer is one of England's national emblems, the Tudor Rose. The patriotic hymn \"I Vow To Thee, My Country\", composed by Gustav Holst and Cecil Spring-Rice, has long been adopted as a symbol of national pride and remembrance, and is often considered among potential future anthems for the United Kingdom altogether. Also, \"There'll Always Be an England\", an English patriotic song, written and distributed in 1940 and highly popular throughout World War II. It was composed and written by Ross Parker. The words were written by Hughie Charles, and the most popular version was sung by Vera Lynn. 1950s comedy duo Flanders and Swann premiered \"Song of Patriotic Prejudice\" (with refrain \"The English, the English, the English are best/I wouldn't give tuppence for all of the rest\") in their At the Drop of Another Hat revue in London on 2 October 1963. Also proposed[by whom?] have been modern patriotic songs such as \"A Place called England\" written by English folk singer Maggie Holland,[citation needed] which won the Best Original Song award at the 2000 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2045075", "text": "Germany had a substantial numeric advantage over Poland and had developed a significant military before the conflict. The Heer (army) had 3,472 tanks in its inventory, of which 2,859 were with the Field Army and 408 with the Replacement Army.[48] 453 tanks were assigned into four light divisions, while another 225 tanks were in detached regiments and companies.[49] Most notably, the Germans had seven panzer divisions, with 2,009 tanks between them, utilizing a new operational doctrine.[50] It held that these divisions should act in coordination with other elements of the military, punching holes in the enemy line and isolating selected units, which would be encircled and destroyed. This would be followed up by less-mobile mechanized infantry and foot soldiers. The Luftwaffe (air force) provided both tactical and strategic air power, particularly dive bombers that disrupted lines of supply and communications. Together, the new methods were nicknamed \"Blitzkrieg\" (lightning war). While historian Basil Liddell Hart claimed \"Poland was a full demonstration of the Blitzkrieg theory\",[51] some other historians disagree.[52]"}
{"id": "doc2045514", "text": "In May 2014, Amell joined The DUFF as Wesley, the potential love interest for co-star Mae Witman as \"The DUFF\".[11] On July 9, 2014, Amell was cast as a major recurring character on the CW series The Flash as Ronnie Raymond/Firestorm, based on the DC Comics character.[12]"}
{"id": "doc2045783", "text": "In the 49 bicameral legislatures, the upper house is called the \"Senate\"."}
{"id": "doc2046260", "text": "The various State law enactments of the Uniform Commercial Code define what is and what is not a promissory note, in section 3-104(d):"}
{"id": "doc2048015", "text": "In Krull v Sangerhaus,[120] the court held that, to constitute a iusta causa for unilateral termination, the cause must be of a sufficiently serious nature. The allegation of a dispute between the parties' parents regarding the wedding reception, even if it also involved the parties, was \"too frivolous a circumstance to warrant a repudiation.\"[121]"}
{"id": "doc2048678", "text": "Finding the large primes p and q is usually done by testing random numbers of the right size with probabilistic primality tests that quickly eliminate virtually all of the nonprimes."}
{"id": "doc2049419", "text": "The wording can be, and usually is, slightly different with each individual filing. An example is the 2012 Facebook prospectus.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2053625", "text": "At the beginning of the miniseries, a Six copy[3] is involved in an intense affair with Dr. Gaius Baltar. Pretending to be an employee of a computer corporation, Six seduces Baltar while helping him with his work on the Colonial Defense System. After infiltrating the mainframe, Six reveals her true nature to Baltar. Just a few hours before the intended Cylon attack, she informs him that the Cylons will use the computer access code that he has given her to infiltrate the highest levels of Colonial defense systems; thereby disabling the Colonial military, and attacking the Twelve Colonies. That same day, the Cylons launch their multi-targeted attack and destroy most of humanity. Six uses her body to shield Baltar from a nuclear blast during the attack, saving his life and sacrificing hers.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2053655", "text": "This Six, not given a name onscreen but referred to as \"Tough Six\" in the shooting script, was instrumental in the mysterious disappearance of Ms. Shelly Godfrey from Galactica, using a wig and a change of clothes to imitate Godfrey's appearance and confuse the marines who were tailing her, making them think that Godfrey had gotten further ahead of them when the real Godfrey was pulled into another corridor by John Cavil. Godfrey and Cavil then slipped away and Cavil airlocked Godfrey, while the marines were chasing Tough Six, who evaded them. The ultimate fate of Tough Six is unknown, whether she was captured and executed or remained in the fleet until New Caprica, as she is not seen in The Plan following her exit from Cavil's bedroom and did not appear in regular episodes."}
{"id": "doc2054463", "text": "Representation in the U.S. House of Representatives was limited to a single, non-voting delegate:"}
{"id": "doc2054559", "text": "In 1991, Dylan received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award from American actor Jack Nicholson.[223] The event coincided with the start of the Gulf War against Saddam Hussein, and Dylan performed \"Masters of War\". Dylan then made a short speech, saying \"My daddy once said to me, he said, 'Son, it is possible for you to become so defiled in this world that your own mother and father will abandon you. If that happens, God will believe in your ability to mend your own ways.'\"[223][224] This sentiment was subsequently revealed to be a quote from 19th-century German Jewish intellectual, Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.[225]"}
{"id": "doc2054867", "text": "In April 1859, an expedition of U. S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers led by Captain James H. Simpson left Camp Floyd (Utah) to establish an army supply route across the Great Basin to the eastern slope of the Sierras. Upon return in early August, Simpson reported that he had surveyed the Central Overland Route from Camp Floyd (Utah) to Genoa, Nevada. This route went through central Nevada (roughly where U.S. Route 50 goes today) and was about 280 miles shorter than the 'standard' Humboldt River California trail route."}
{"id": "doc2054870", "text": "In 1861 John Butterfield, who since 1858 had been using the Butterfield Overland Mail, also switched to the Central Route to avoid traveling through hostile territories during the American Civil War. George Chorpenning immediately realized the value of this more direct route, and shifted his existing mail and passenger line along with their stations from the \"Northern Route\" along the Humboldt River. In 1861 the Transcontinental Telegraph also laid its lines alongside the Central Overland Route. Several stage lines were set up carrying mail and passengers that traversed much of the route of the original Oregon Trail to Fort Bridger and from there over the Central Overland Route to California. By traveling day and night with many stations and changes of teams (and extensive mail subsidies) these stages could get passengers and mail from the midwest to California in about 25\u00e2\u20ac\u201c28 days. These combined stage and Pony Express stations along the Oregon Trail and Central Route across Utah and Nevada were joined by the First Transcontinental Telegraph stations and telegraph line which followed much the same route in 1861 from Carson City, Nevada to Salt Lake City, Utah. The Pony Express folded in 1861 as they failed to receive an expected mail contract from the U.S. government and the telegraph filled the need for rapid east-west communication. This combination wagon/stagecoach/pony express/telegraph line route is labeled the Pony Express National Historic Trail on the National Trail Map.[25] From Salt Lake City the telegraph line followed much of the Mormon/California/Oregon trails to Omaha, Nebraska."}
{"id": "doc2055393", "text": "It parodies the plot, but not the style or metre, of \"Resolution and Independence\" by William Wordsworth.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc2055431", "text": "George Michael made a cover version for his 1999 album Songs from the Last Century."}
{"id": "doc2056468", "text": "Following the defeat of his erstwhile ally Philip by Rome in 197 BC, Antiochus saw the opportunity for expansion into Greece itself. Encouraged by the exiled Carthaginian general Hannibal, and making an alliance with the disgruntled Aetolian League, Antiochus launched an invasion across the Hellespont. With his huge army he aimed to establish the Seleucid empire as the foremost power in the Hellenic world, but these plans put the empire on a collision course with the new rising power of the Mediterranean, the Roman Republic. At the battles of Thermopylae (191 BC) and Magnesia (190 BC), Antiochus's forces suffered resounding defeats, and he was compelled to make peace and sign the Treaty of Apamea (188 BC), the main clause of which saw the Seleucids agree to pay a large indemnity, to retreat from Anatolia and to never again attempt to expand Seleucid territory west of the Taurus Mountains. The Kingdom of Pergamum and the Republic of Rhodes, Rome's allies in the war, gained the former Seleucid lands in Anatolia. Antiochus died in 187 BC on another expedition to the east, where he sought to extract money to pay the indemnity."}
{"id": "doc2056486", "text": "Wayne's other well-known Western roles include a cattleman driving his herd north on the Chisholm Trail in Red River (1948), a Civil War veteran whose young niece is abducted by a tribe of Comanches in The Searchers (1956), a troubled rancher competing with a lawyer (James Stewart) for a woman's hand in marriage in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), and a cantankerous one-eyed marshal in True Grit (1969). He is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man (1952), Rio Bravo (1959) with Dean Martin, and The Longest Day (1962). In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist (1976). He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, and his last public appearance was at the Academy Awards ceremony on April 9, 1979.[7][8][9]"}
{"id": "doc2056931", "text": "In 1959, an 11-year-old African American boy calling himself Woody Guthrie is freighthopping through the Midwestern United States. Carrying a guitar in a case bearing the slogan \"this machine kills fascists\", he plays blues music and sings about outdated topics such as trade unionism. One African American woman advises him to sing about the issues of his own time instead. Woody is attacked by hobos and nearly drowns, but is rescued by a white couple who take him in. They are impressed with his musical talents, but Woody runs off when they receive a telephone call from a juvenile corrections center in Minnesota telling them he is an escaped fugitive. Upon learning that the real Woody Guthrie is deathly ill, Woody travels to New Jersey to visit Guthrie in the hospital."}
{"id": "doc2057552", "text": "The song's narrator is a man who did not treat his lady right, so he watches another man treat his lady right."}
{"id": "doc2058897", "text": "Sustainable agriculture is the idea that agriculture should occur in a way such that we can continue to produce what is necessary without infringing on the ability for future generations to do the same."}
{"id": "doc2059265", "text": "Although many current residents of the Jamaica neighborhood are immigrants from the country of the same name, the two names have different derivations. The name of the neighborhood derives from Yameco, a corruption of a word for \"beaver\" in the Lenape language spoken by the Native Americans who lived in the area at the time of first European contact. The \"y\" sound in English is spelled with a \"j\" in Dutch, the first Europeans to write about the area. This resulted in the eventual English pronunciation of \"Jamaica\" when read and repeated orally.[10] In the Caribbean, the Arawak, people of the nation of Jamaica, named their land Xaymaca, which meant \"land of wood and water\".[11]"}
{"id": "doc2060101", "text": "The first season of Beauty & the Beast, an American television series developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin and very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS television series of the same name, commenced airing in the United States on October 11, 2012, concluded May 16, 2013, and consisted of 22 episodes.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2060827", "text": "The name may have originated from the Egyptian language; it is likely derivative of the root mr \"love; beloved\" [2] (compare mry.t-ymn \"Merit-Amun\", i.e. \"beloved of Amun\")."}
{"id": "doc2061559", "text": "In Mexico, the winter solstice festival was one of the most important celebrations of the year and it was on December 12 according to the Julian calendar used by the Spaniards until 1582.[5][6][7] According to the Aztec calendar, Tonantzin Guadalupe (the beloved mother of the gods) was celebrated on the winter solstice, and she is still celebrated today on December 12;[6][7][8] while their most important deity, the sun god Huitzilopochtli, was born during the month of December (panquetzaliztli). The parallel in time between this native celebration and the birth of the Christ lent itself to an almost seamless merging of the two holidays. Seeing the opportunity to proselytize, Spanish missionaries brought the custom of the re-invented religious pageant to Mexico, where they used it to teach the story of Jesus' birth to Mexico's people. In 1586, Friar Diego de Soria obtained a papal bull from Pope Sixtus V, stating that a Christmas Mass (misa de Aguinaldo), be observed as novenas on the nine days preceding Christmas Day throughout Mexico.[9]"}
{"id": "doc2066832", "text": "Additionally, a kernel of the tradition may have been drawn from the shadowy early Christian figure John the Presbyter of Syria, whose existence is first inferred by the ecclesiastical historian and bishop Eusebius of Caesarea based on his reading of earlier church fathers.[4] This man, said in one document to be the author of two of the Epistles of John,[5] was supposed to have been the teacher of the martyr bishop Papias, who had in turn taught Eusebius' own teacher Irenaeus. However, little links this figure, supposedly active in the late 1st century, to the Prester John legend beyond the name.[6] The title \"Prester\" is a corruption of the Late Latin word \"presbyter\", literally meaning \"elder\" and used as a title of priests holding a high office (indeed, presbyter is the origin of the English word priest).[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc2067045", "text": "In July 1979, Scotty and Laura marry. He begins law school while she begins working at the Campus Disco, which is managed by Luke. She becomes attracted to Luke as he flirts with her, but shows no outward interest in him. Luke is involved with mobster Frank Smith (then George Gaynes), who orders him to kill anti-mafia senatorial candidate Mitch Williams on election night. Distraught over his unrequited love for Laura and the fact he could likely die during the assassination attempt, Luke vows to hold her in his arms before he dies. As the Herb Alpert song Rise plays, Luke rapes Laura on the floor of the disco. Conflicted, she admits to being raped, but does not name Luke as her attacker. On election night, she throws his car keys away to keep him from killing Mitch. Roy does the hit and apparently dies in Bobbie's arms after being shot by Mitch's security detail."}
{"id": "doc2067181", "text": "Arabs claim that the name \"Abu Musa\" (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u200e) comes from Abu Musa Ashaari, a companion of Prophet Muhammad, who stayed on the island in 643 A.D before battling the Persians.[9][10]"}
{"id": "doc2067376", "text": "Each of the four sides of the vinyl represented appropriately different styles and phases of The Beatles' career: in order, Beatlemania's Mersey Beat, folk-rock/pre-psychedelic style, purely experimental/psychedelic style, back-to-basics/rock style. This was apparently a coincidence, considering that the songs are distributed on the sides following a balance-time rule. (The cassette edition comprises the first two vinyl sides on its side A and the last two vinyl sides on its side B, with a length of 38:32 and 40:35 respectively)."}
{"id": "doc2067377", "text": "Side one (1962\u00e2\u20ac\u201c64)"}
{"id": "doc2067559", "text": "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannh\u00c3\u00a4user Gate. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die."}
{"id": "doc2068337", "text": "Rochdale seems to be named from its position on the River Roch but is recorded as Recedham in the Domesday Book. The name is derived from Old English reced meaning \"hall\", and ham, a \"homestead\". Over time, the name changed to Rachedale and eventually Rochdale.[9] The river's name is a back-formation from the Old English name, its name is /\u02c8ro\u028at\u0283/, with a long o. Rochdale however, is pronounced /\u02c8r\u0252t\u0283de\u026al/, with a short o."}
{"id": "doc2068612", "text": "The game was played at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The attendance for the game was 17,943.[2] Spectrum Center had previously hosted the tournament in 2008, 2011, and 2015, respectively."}
{"id": "doc2068718", "text": "In A Killing Affair (1977), Montgomery played the role of a police detective who has an affair with her married partner, played by O. J. Simpson. In the television movie Amos (1985), she played a rare villainous role, as a vicious nurse who abuses her wards in a home for senior citizens. The wards are played by, among others, Kirk Douglas and Dorothy McGuire. Montgomery returned to Broadway one last time in 1989 in a production of Love Letters, opposite Robert Foxworth.[6] She played one of her last roles in an episode of Batman: The Animated Series entitled \"Showdown\", in which she played a barmaid; this was also her final work to be screened, since the episode aired posthumously. Her last television series was the highly rated Edna Buchanan detective series \u00e2\u20ac\u201c the second and final film of the series received its first airing on May 9, 1995,[13] only nine days before Montgomery died."}
{"id": "doc2069908", "text": "The short initial 'i' is omitted typically when following a word or particle ending in a vowel or ending in 'n'."}
{"id": "doc2071028", "text": "With the spring of 1887 Van Gogh left the city proper for a visit to Asni\u00e8res with his friend \u00c9mile Bernard. While there his work was further transformed stylistically and through the use of bright, contrasting color and light. See his works from Asni\u00e8res and Seine."}
{"id": "doc2071040", "text": "\u00c9douard Manet, Carnations and Clematis in a Crystal Vase, 1883, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay"}
{"id": "doc2071056", "text": "Characteristic features of Ukiyo-e woodprints include their ordinary subject matter, the distinctive cropping of their compositions, bold and assertive outlines, absent or unusual perspective, flat regions of uniform colour, uniform lighting, absence of chiaroscuro, and their emphasis on decorative patterns.[20] One or more of these features can be found in numbers of Vincent's paintings from his Antwerp period onwards.[21][22] Van Gogh wrote, \"If we study Japanese art, we see a man who is undoubtedly wise, philosophical and intelligent, who spends his time\u2026 studying a single blade of grass. But this blade of grass leads him to draw every plant, and then the seasons, the wide aspects of the countryside, then animals, then the human figure\u2026 isn't it almost a true religion which these simple Japanese teach us, who live in nature as though they themselves are flowers. And you cannot study Japanese art, it seems to me, without becoming much gayer and happier.\"[23]"}
{"id": "doc2071066", "text": "His started with still lifes of flowers. At first his still lifes maintained the subdued tones that he used in the Netherlands. The more he became immersed in his painting, he continually added brighter colors to his work until he was using colors directly from the tube. Then he moved on to other subjects from everyday life that reflect his use of vivid colors and a free brushstroke.[29]"}
{"id": "doc2071078", "text": "Vase of carnations and other flowers, 1886, Private collection (F596)"}
{"id": "doc2071083", "text": "Imperial Fritillaries in a Copper Vase (F213) reflects the influences of Neo-Impressionist Paul Signac. The background is painted with Pointillist brushwork. The painting was made with complementary, contrasting colors of blue and orange. Van Gogh was not a purist; he varied the shades of contrasting colors and chose subjects that he enjoyed, such as painting still lifes. Fritillary is a bulb that flowers in the spring with between three and ten flowers for each bulb. Imperial fritillaries, with an orange-red flower, were grown in French and Dutch gardens at the end of the 19th century.[30]"}
{"id": "doc2071084", "text": "Fritillaries, 1886, Location unknown (F214)"}
{"id": "doc2071085", "text": "Fritillaries in a Copper Vase, 1887, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris (F213)"}
{"id": "doc2071086", "text": "The Gladiolus, plural Gladioli, was one of Van Gogh's favorite flower. He especially enjoyed how they opened up like a fan after having been placed in a vase.[39] Because of their height, Van Gogh liked to use Gladioli to create triangular-structured compositions,[35] such as Vase with Gladioli and Carnation (F237) or an inverted triangle as in Vase with Gladioli and China Asters (F248a)."}
{"id": "doc2071107", "text": "Bowl with Zinnias and Other Flowers (F251), painted within days of Vase with Zinnias and Geraniums (F241), is evidence of Van Gogh's transition to a lighter color palette. Picking up elements of Impressionism Van Gogh painted with a more vigorous brushstroke, with thick application of paint, called \"impasto\" which created a three-dimensional relief.[32][44]<"}
{"id": "doc2071134", "text": "Still Life with a Basket of Crocuses, 1887, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F334)"}
{"id": "doc2071135", "text": "Basket of Sprouting Bulbs, 1887, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F336)"}
{"id": "doc2071137", "text": "Still Life with Books (F335) was painted by Van Gogh on a lid of a Japanese tea box. The books are Naturalist novels: \"Braves Gens\" by Jean Richepin, \"Au Bonheur Des Dames\" by \u00c9mile Zola and \"La Fille Elisa\" by Edmond de Goncourt. Van Gogh, an avid reader, was particularly interested by French Naturalists. To his sister Wil, he once wrote \"they paint life as we ourselves feel it, thereby fulfilling the need we have for people to tell us the truth.\"[53]"}
{"id": "doc2071151", "text": "Still Life with Red Cabbages and Onions, 1887, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F374)"}
{"id": "doc2071163", "text": "Still Life with Grapes, 1887, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F603)"}
{"id": "doc2071169", "text": "Still Life with Lemons on a Plate, 1887, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F338)"}
{"id": "doc2072831", "text": "The heart functions as a pump and acts as a double pump in the cardiovascular system to provide a continuous circulation of blood throughout the body. This circulation includes the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation. Both circuits transport blood but they can also be seen in terms of the gases they carry. The pulmonary circulation collects oxygen from the lungs and delivers carbon dioxide for exhalation. The systemic circuit transports oxygen to the body and returns relatively deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to the pulmonary circuit.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2072856", "text": "Fluids, move from regions of high pressure to regions of lower pressure. Accordingly, when the heart chambers are relaxed (diastole), blood will flow into the atria from the higher pressure of the veins. As blood flows into the atria, the pressure will rise, so the blood will initially move passively from the atria into the ventricles. When the action potential triggers the muscles in the atria to contract (atrial systole), the pressure within the atria rises further, pumping blood into the ventricles. During ventricular systole, pressure rises in the ventricles, pumping blood into the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle and into the aorta from the left ventricle.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2072861", "text": "In the second phase of ventricular systole, the ventricular ejection phase, the contraction of the ventricular muscle has raised the pressure within the ventricle to the point that it is greater than the pressures in the pulmonary trunk and the aorta. Blood is pumped from the heart, pushing open the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves. Pressure generated by the left ventricle will be appreciably greater than the pressure generated by the right ventricle, since the existing pressure in the aorta will be so much higher. Nevertheless, both ventricles pump the same amount of blood. This quantity is referred to as stroke volume. Stroke volume will normally be in the range of 70\u201380 mL. Since ventricular systole began with an EDV of approximately 130 mL of blood, this means that there is still 50\u201360 mL of blood remaining in the ventricle following contraction. This volume of blood is known as the end systolic volume (ESV).[1]"}
{"id": "doc2072948", "text": "The Final Four featured no top seeds for the first time since 2006, with the highest remaining seed being West Region winner, #3 Connecticut. For the first time since 2000, a #8 seed advanced to the Final Four as Butler, the national runner-up from the year before, won the Southeast Region. For only the third time ever, a #11 seed advanced to the Final Four as Virginia Commonwealth, one of the \"First Four\" teams, won the Southwest Region. Those three teams were joined by East Region champion Kentucky, a #4 seed."}
{"id": "doc2072988", "text": "This debate surfaced in Congress in 1790, when Madison strongly criticized Hamilton's Report on Manufacturing and industry on the grounds that Hamilton was construing his broad interpretation of the clause as a legal basis for his extensive economic programs.[21]"}
{"id": "doc2073793", "text": "The miniseries was produced by von Zerneck/Sertner Films, which also produced Category 6.[2] It was filmed at various locations around Winnipeg, Canada and the Canadian air force base 17 Wing was used for the fictional version of Biloxi, Mississippi's Keesler Air Force Base. Air force members were tapped as extra by the production company to play the United States Air Force members seen during the film. The air force base commander noted that the filming helped to boost the local economy, due to the $600,000 in salaries generated during filming, but did not cause interfering with operations or security at the base.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2074090", "text": "The term 'vegetarian' has been in use since 1839 to refer to what was previously described as a \"vegetable diet\". The word is commonly believed to be a compound of vegetable and the suffix -arian (as in agrarian). (John Davis shows that it was probably not derived from the Latin word vegetus.[12]) The term was popularized with the foundation of the Vegetarian Society in Manchester, UK in 1847.[13][14] The earliest occurrences of the term seem to be related to Alcott House, a school on the north side of Ham Common, London, opened in July 1838 by James Pierrepont Greaves. From 1841, it was known as A Concordium, or Industry Harmony College, from which time the institution began to publish its own pamphlet, \"The Healthian\", which provides some of the earliest appearances of the term \"vegetarian\".[15][16]"}
{"id": "doc2074469", "text": "Species include:"}
{"id": "doc2074523", "text": "Since the heavy original nuclei always have a greater proportion of neutrons, the fission product nuclei almost always start out with a neutron/proton ratio significantly greater than what is stable for their mass range. Therefore, they undergo multiple beta decays in succession, each converting a neutron to a proton. The first decays tend to have higher decay energy and shorter half-life. These last decays may have low decay energy and/or long half-life."}
{"id": "doc2075016", "text": "Because land and the things on it can be enjoyed by a number of people at once, the law must accommodate multiple interests in its ownership rules, and often determine whose interests have priority. When the freehold of land is owned by one person, no conflict will arise in who has priority of its use. In the Latin phrase, Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas, one may, in general, use property in any way so long as it harms nobody else.[139] This gives the owner the sole right to bring claims in crime or tort, particularly for others causing a nuisance, or committing a trespass, against the owner's peaceful enjoyment of property. Depending on the nature of interference, an owner may also have claims for compensation against state authorities who seek to compulsorily purchase property, or state officials who wish to enter or search property. However, when more than one person is interested in real estate, rules of ownership priority are needed to determine who may bring claims. Rules must also determine the content of rights that the interested parties have among one another. First of all, land may be co-owned in two main ways. In a \"joint tenancy\", the law presumes owners agree that if one owner dies, his or her whole share will pass to the other owners. The case law primarily deals with the conditions under which a tenant's share will be severed to create a \"tenancy in common\", where there is no right to survivorship, and then under what conditions a tenant in common may require the property be sold to realise its value. Second, owners may lease their property to tenants for a defined period of time. The law also recognises that owners may simply licence their property for use by others, which in theory creates only personal rights. Largely because more statutory and common law privileges attach to leases, the courts have been careful to police the boundary between the two. Third, English property law recognises the ability to charge or mortgage assets to a lender with a loan contract. This means that if the owner defaults on repayments, the lender has the security of being permitted to take possession of and to sell the property. And fourth, neighbouring property owners may create rights to use or restrict each other's use of their land through easements and covenants. Although such things may arise by agreement, English law acknowledges their proprietary character, and so they bind successors in title."}
{"id": "doc2076427", "text": "Isaac Newton, influenced by Descartes, but also, like Bacon, a proponent of experimentation, provided the archetypal example of how both Cartesian mathematics, geometry and theoretical deduction on the one hand, and Baconian experimental observation and induction on the other hand, together could lead to great advances in the practical understanding of regularities in nature (d'Alembert & 2009 [1751]; Henry 2004)."}
{"id": "doc2077169", "text": "In the 1980s, UC Berkeley law professor Phillip E. Johnson began reading the scientific literature on evolution. This led him to author Darwin on Trial (1991), which examined the evidence for evolution from a religious point of view and challenged the assumption that the only reasonable explanation for the origin of species must be a naturalistic one, though science is defined by searching for natural explanations for phenomena. This book, and his subsequent efforts to encourage and coordinate creationists with more scientific credentials, was the start of the intelligent design movement. Intelligent design asserts that there is evidence that life was created by an \"intelligent designer\" (mainly that the physical properties of living organisms are so complex that they must have been \"designed\"). Proponents claim that intelligent design takes \"all available facts\" into account rather than just those available through naturalism. Opponents assert that intelligent design is a pseudoscience because its claims cannot be tested by experiment (see falsifiability) and do not propose any new hypotheses."}
{"id": "doc2077366", "text": "Ross can be used as a given name, typically for males, but is also a typical family name for people of Scottish descent (Clan Ross). In this case, the name is of Scottish origin."}
{"id": "doc2078461", "text": "Mexico City, United Mexican States (1940-1946)"}
{"id": "doc2079848", "text": "The distinctive themes and origins of Australia's bush music can be traced to the songs sung by the convicts who were sent to Australia during the early period of the British colonisation, beginning in 1788. Early Australian ballads sing of the harsh ways of life of the epoch and of such people and events as bushrangers, swagmen, drovers, stockmen and shearers were popular during the 19th century. Convict and bushranger verses often railed against government tyranny. Classic bush songs on such themes include: The Wild Colonial Boy, Click Go The Shears, The Dying Stockman and Moreton Bay.[22] For much of its history, Australia's bush music belonged to an oral and folkloric tradition, and was only later published in print in volumes such as Banjo Paterson's Old Bush Songs, in the 1890s. The lyrics of Waltzing Matilda, often regarded as Australia's unofficial National anthem, and a quintessential early Australian country music song were composed by the poet Banjo Paterson in 1895.[22]"}
{"id": "doc2080046", "text": "The modern German form is Adelheid, famously the first name of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to William IV of the United Kingdom, for whom many places throughout the former British Empire were named.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2080550", "text": "North entrance in 2008"}
{"id": "doc2080883", "text": "The 2nd constitution was adopted on June 29, 1844.  Among its provisions was a distinct separation of powers into three branches (executive, legislative and judicial branches), limiting the right to vote to white males, and granted the people (as opposed to the legislature) the right of a popular election for the state's governor.  The document limited the state government's ability to accumulate public debt.[10]"}
{"id": "doc2081242", "text": "The song is also used by Paul Smith (boxer) for his ring entrances, most recently against Andre Ward.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2081252", "text": "Senate-confirmed appointees include: Administrator, Deputy Administrator, Chief Counsel for Advocacy, and Inspector General."}
{"id": "doc2081332", "text": "All tracks written by Hans Zimmer."}
{"id": "doc2082594", "text": "The city has also hosted the filming of several comedies such as:"}
{"id": "doc2083672", "text": "The University of Phoenix Stadium hosted the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship in 2017."}
{"id": "doc2083699", "text": "Other than the eleven episodes, there were two compilation videos made."}
{"id": "doc2083810", "text": "In Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, \u27e8w\u27e9 is named double-v and not double-u. In these languages, the letter only exists in old names, loanwords and foreign words. (Foreign words are distinguished from loanwords by having a significantly lower level of integration in the language.) It is usually pronounced /v/, but in some words of English origin it may be pronounced /w/.[5][6] The letter was officially introduced in the Danish and Swedish alphabets as late as 1980 and 2006, respectively, despite having been in use for much longer. It had been recognized since the conception of modern Norwegian, with the earliest official orthography rules of 1907.[7] \u27e8W\u27e9 was earlier seen as a variant of \u27e8v\u27e9, and \u27e8w\u27e9 as a letter (double-v) is still commonly replaced by \u27e8v\u27e9 in speech (e.g. WC being pronounced as VC, www as VVV, WHO as VHO, etc.) The two letters were sorted as equals before \u27e8w\u27e9 was officially recognized, and that practice is still recommended when sorting names in Sweden.[8] In modern slang, some native speakers may pronounce \u27e8w\u27e9 more closely to the origin of the loanword than the official /v/ pronunciation."}
{"id": "doc2083822", "text": "In other Germanic languages, including German (but not Dutch, in which it is pronounced w\u00e9), its name is similar to that of English V . In many languages, its name literally means \"double v\": Portuguese duplo v\u00ea,[note 3] Spanish doble ve (though it can be spelled uve doble),[19][note 4] French double v\u00e9, Icelandic tv\u00f6falt vaff, Czech dvojit\u00e9 v\u00e9, Finnish kaksois-vee, etc."}
{"id": "doc2083987", "text": "Flowering trees were special to Van Gogh; they represented awakening and hope. He enjoyed them aesthetically and found joy in painting flowering trees. The 'trees and orchards in bloom' paintings that he made reflect Impressionist, Divisionist and Japanese woodcut influences."}
{"id": "doc2083994", "text": "To paint the flowering orchards, Van Gogh contended with the winds which were so strong that he drove pegs into the ground to which he fastened his easel. Even so, he found painting the orchards \"too lovely\" to miss.[9]"}
{"id": "doc2083995", "text": "Van Gogh may have envisioned several triptychs of his paintings of orchards and flowering trees. However, only one triptych grouping has been documented, one which Vincent envisioned and sketched for Theo's apartment. Johanna van Gogh-Bonger displayed them in the apartment according to Van Gogh's sketch, the vertical Pink Peach Tree between the Pink Orchard and the White Orchard.[10][11][12]"}
{"id": "doc2084004", "text": "Van Gogh chose Blossoming Pear Tree as the center piece of a grouping,[17] However, there is no information linking this painting to any others."}
{"id": "doc2084014", "text": "In addition to Pink Peach Tree (F404) in the triptych, Van Gogh painted two other paintings of peach trees and a watercolor."}
{"id": "doc2084016", "text": "Van Gogh wrote of Pink Peach Tree in Blossom (Souvenir de Mauve) that he completed in March, \"I have been working on a size 20 canvas in the open air in an orchard, lilac ploughland, a reed fence, two pink peach trees against a sky of glorious blue and white. Probably the best landscape I have done. I had just brought it home when I received from our sister a Dutch notice in memory of Anton Mauve, with his portrait (the portrait, very good), the text, poor and nothing in it a pretty water color. Something - I don't know what - took hold of me and brought a lump to my throat, and I wrote on my picture, 'Souvenir de Mauve'.\"[9] Van Gogh knew Anton Mauve during his stay in The Hague. Mauve had taken an interest in Van Gogh and encouraged him to work in color. Van Gogh asked that Pink Peach Tree be sent to Mauve's widow Jet. To his sister Wil, Van Gogh explained that he chose the particular painting because of the \"delicate palette\" to express his deep fondness. \"It seemed to me that everything in memory of Mauve must be at once tender and very gay, and not a study in a graver key.\"[25]"}
{"id": "doc2084882", "text": "Stop, Looks, and Listen"}
{"id": "doc2085567", "text": "Well, boys, you've done a good job. You've struck a blow for the white man. Mississippi can be proud of you. You've let those agitating outsiders know where this state stands. Go home now and forget it. But before you go, I'm looking each one of you in the eye and telling you this: \"The first man who talks is dead! If anybody who knows anything about this ever opens his mouth to any outsider about it, then the rest of us are going to kill him just as dead as we killed those three sonofbitches (sic) tonight. Does everybody understand what I'm saying. The man who talks is dead, dead, dead!\"[22]"}
{"id": "doc2085928", "text": "It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism,[4] a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK."}
{"id": "doc2085932", "text": "The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a smaller version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame, and reduced magazine capacity. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap. The smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plainclothes or undercover work. It was released in 1930."}
{"id": "doc2086681", "text": "In 2007, Nichols appeared in a few episodes of the NBC drama series Friday Night Lights, before being cast as Julian Baker in The CW's teen drama One Tree Hill. He was upgraded to series regular for the seventh season.[25] He directed two episodes of the series including the seventh episode of the ninth and last season.[26] In 2013, Austin landed the role of Tommy Wheeler in the Showtime series Ray Donovan. Nichols then had a recurring role as Spencer Monroe in AMC's horror series The Walking Dead, before being promoted to a series regular.[27] He will recur as Sam Loomis in the fifth and final season of A&E's drama-thriller series Bates Motel.[28]"}
{"id": "doc2087111", "text": "Just as they reach the exit, Danny lights the building on fire and critically wounds Ray with a gun. Grey, having completed his experiment, appears and kills Danny, allowing Zack and Ray to escape just as the building burns down. The police promptly arrive and Zack lets himself be arrested to save Ray's life."}
{"id": "doc2087170", "text": "All of the following songs are written by Lennon\u2013McCartney, and all single and album releases are for the United Kingdom, except where noted."}
{"id": "doc2087240", "text": "10.00\u00a0am\u00a0\u2013 1.00\u00a0pm[36]"}
{"id": "doc2091584", "text": "The main purpose for the creation of the Aiwan-e Bala (English: Senate of Pakistan) was to give equal representation to all the federating units since the membership of the National Assembly was based on the population of each province. Equal provincial membership in the Senate, thus, balances the provincial inequality in the National Assembly and dispels doubts and apprehension, if any, regarding deprivation and exploitation. The role of the Senate is to promote national cohesion and harmony and to alleviate fears of the smaller provinces regarding domination by any one province because of its majority, in the National Assembly. The Senate, is a body which represents the provinces/territories of the country and promotes a feeling of equality, peace and harmony, which is so essential for the growth and prosperity of a nation. Thus, the Senate in Pakistan, over the years, has emerged as an essential organ and a stabilizing factor of the federation. The Senate consists of 104 members, of whom 14 members are elected by each Provincial Assembly, 8 members are elected from Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATAs) by the Members of National Assembly from these areas, 2 members, 1 woman and 1 Technocrat is elected from the Federal Capital by the Members of National Assembly, 4 women and 4 Technocrats are elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly.\nAnd 1 Non - Muslim Member is selected from each Province. The breakup of seats allocated to each Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATAs), Federal Capital, Women and Ulema/Technocrats. It is the responsibility of the Chief Election Commissioner to hold and make arrangements for the Senate elections in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote through electoral colleges. The term of the members of the Senate is 6 years. However, the term of the first group of the Senators, who shall retire after completion of first 3 years of the Senate, is determined by drawing of lots by the Chief Election Commissioner."}
{"id": "doc2091589", "text": "The first session of the National Assembly, due to the delay caused by the separation of East Pakistan, was held on 14 April 1972 at the State Bank Building, Islamabad, in which all 144 Members from West Pakistan and two from former East Pakistan (Mr. Noor-ul-Amin and Raja Tridev Roy who had chosen to join Pakistan) participated. On 17 April 1972 an Interim Constitution was adopted by the National Assembly, which provided for a Presidential form of Government. Under this Constitution, the National Assembly was not to be dissolved earlier than 14 August 1973. The Interim Constitution dealt in detail with the distribution of powers between the Centre and the Provinces. The Assembly also formed a Constitution Committee on 17 April 1972 to prepare the first draft for framing a Constitution. The report of the Committee was presented with a draft Constitution on 31 December 1972. It was unanimously passed by the Assembly in its session on 10 April 1973 and was authenticated by the president on 12 April 1973. This Constitution, called the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973, was promulgated on 14 August 1973. On the same day, Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto took oath as the Prime Minister, while Mr. Fazal Illahi Choudhary took oath as the president of Pakistan. The 1973 Constitution provides for a parliamentary form of government where the executive authority of the state vests with the Prime Minister. The President, according to the Constitution, is at the apex, representing the unity of the Republic. From 1947 to 1973, the country had had a unicameral system, but under the 1973 Constitution, Pakistan adopted a bicameral federal legislature, called Parliament, composed of the President, the Senate and the National Assembly. Originally, the general seats of the National Assembly were 200 with additional 10 seats reserved for women, bringing the total strength to 210. The newly created Upper house i.e. the Senate had 63 members. Later in 1985 through a Presidential Order (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), seven seats were added to the general seats and ten to the reserved seats for women in the National Assembly. Ten seats were exclusively reserved for minorities to be filled through separate electorate system. Thus the total strength of the lower house reached to 237 members. Similarly the size of the Senate was also increased from 63 to 87 members."}
{"id": "doc2091597", "text": "National Assembly of Pakistan expressed confidence in the leadership of President General Pervez Musharaf through the resolution on 1 January 2004.  President General Pervez Musharaf addressed the Joint Session of the Parliament on 17 January 2004. Prime Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali resigned from his office on 26 June 2004. Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain was elected the 21st Prime Minister of Pakistan on 29 June 2004 and obtained a vote of confidence from the National Assembly on 30 June 2004. Mr. Shaukat Aziz was elected the leader of the house on 27 August 2004 and was administered oath of the Prime Minister of Pakistan on 28 August 2004. National Assembly of Pakistan completed its Constitutional tenure on 15 November 2007. After the resignation from the post of Chief of Army Staff, Mr. Pervez Musharaf administered the oath of President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan on 29 November 2007."}
{"id": "doc2092646", "text": "Furthermore, in northern and western Germany, there are family names and place names in which e lengthens the preceding vowel, as in the former Dutch orthography, such as Straelen, which is pronounced with a long a, not an \u00c3\u00a4. Similar cases are Coesfeld and Bernkastel-Kues."}
{"id": "doc2092849", "text": "I, unspoke, the, Word.\nSince, nobody, had, dared,\nWith, my, own, breath,\nI, broke, the, cord!"}
{"id": "doc2093563", "text": "McCord appeared as a downed fighter ace on the 1970s series Baa Baa Black Sheep. In 1980, he played Troy on the short-lived Science Fiction Television series from ABC Galactica 1980. Two years later, Webb tabbed him for a new Dragnet series he was ready to launch, with McCord to play the partner to Webb's Joe Friday. Webb died suddenly in December 1982, however, before any of the episodes he wrote could be produced. In 1982, McCord played Mr. Unger on Airplane II: The Sequel, his only comedy role to date.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2093591", "text": "Heaven and earth are full of your glory."}
{"id": "doc2093620", "text": "which you have prepared before the face of all people,"}
{"id": "doc2093755", "text": "De la Vega is a surname in the Spanish language, most of its bearers belonging to the nobility. It means \"of the meadow\" and may refer to:"}
{"id": "doc2094478", "text": "The surname 'Bader' comes from German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) origins and refers to the occupation of barber surgeon, barber, or one who tends a bath house.[6][7] The German verb 'baden' means to bathe, but when capitalized the surname 'Baden' is a geographical surname referring to the region of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in Germany.[8][9]"}
{"id": "doc2095396", "text": "In 1956\u201357, Manchester United became the first English club to enter European competition, entering the European Cup, following the Football Association's refusal to allow Chelsea to enter the previous year. Eleven years later, in 1968, they became the first English club to win the European Cup, and only the second British side after Celtic had won it the year before. Meanwhile, in 1960\u201361, Manchester United entered the inaugural Football League Cup, only to decline to enter for the next five years. In 1992\u201393, they became founder members and inaugural champions of the Premier League, and, in 1998\u201399, they won an unprecedented Treble of Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League. This was followed by two more Premier League titles in 1999\u20132000 and 2000\u201301, making Manchester United only the fourth club to win three consecutive English league titles. The club picked up their 10th Premier League title in the 2007\u201308 season, and followed it with a third Champions League title 10 days later. The following season, Manchester United became the first English club to win the FIFA Club World Cup, before claiming a third consecutive Premier League title for a second time in 2008\u201309. In 2010\u201311, Manchester United won their 19th top division title, passing Liverpool's previous record of 18, before winning a 20th title in 2012\u201313. In 2016\u201317, Manchester United won their first UEFA Europa League trophy, making them only the fifth club to win the three main European club competitions.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2095794", "text": "When made to sleep outside in a shed, Paul D is cornered by Beloved. While they have sex, his mind is filled with horrific memories from his past. Overwhelmed with guilt, Paul D tries to tell Sethe about it but cannot, and instead says he wants her pregnant. Sethe is elated, and Paul D resists Beloved and her influence over him. But when he tells friends at work about his plans to start a new family, they react fearfully. Stamp Paid reveals the reason for the community's rejection of Sethe."}
{"id": "doc2096134", "text": "In 2007, she made an appearance at the 2007 Scream Awards.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2096499", "text": "In mid-December, Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky, the chairman of the Senate committee, proposed a package of six constitutional amendments, known as the Crittenden Compromise. The compromise would protect slavery in federal territories south of the 36\u00b030\u2032 parallel and prohibit it in territories north of that latitude, with newly admitted states deciding on the status of slavery within their borders. Congress would be forbidden from abolishing slavery in any state (or the District of Columbia) or interfering with the domestic slave trade. When Seward and Weed tried to pressure Lincoln into supporting the compromise, he resisted.[17] Still resistant to the expansion of slavery into the territories, Lincoln privately asked Republican Senators to oppose the compromise,\nand it failed to pass Congress.[10]"}
{"id": "doc2096501", "text": "In February 1861, two final political efforts were made to preserve the Union. The first was made by a group of 131 delegates sent by 21 states to a Peace Conference, held at the Willard's Hotel in the nation's capital.[21] The convention submitted to Congress a seven-point constitutional amendment proposal similar in content to the earlier Crittenden Compromise. The proposal was rejected by the Senate and never considered by the House.[22][23] The second effort was a \"never-never\" constitutional amendment on slavery, that would shield domestic institutions of the states from Congressional interference and from future constitutional amendments. Commonly known as the Corwin Amendment, the measure was approved by Congress and sent to the state legislatures for ratification.[22] While only ratified by a few states, Congress did not set a time limit for its ratification, thus the amendment is still technically pending.[24]"}
{"id": "doc2096558", "text": "In December 1863, a proposed constitutional amendment that would outlaw slavery was introduced in Congress; though the Senate voted for the amendment with the necessary two-thirds majority, the amendment did not receive sufficient support in the House.[187] On accepting the 1864 National Union nomination, Lincoln told the party that he would seek to ratify a constitutional amendment that would abolish slavery in the United States.[145] After winning re-election, Lincoln made ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment (as it would become known) a priority. With the aid of large majorities in both houses of Congress, Lincoln believed that the could permanently end the institution of slavery in the United States.[188] Though he had largely avoided becoming involved in Congressional legislative processes, Lincoln gave the ratification struggle his full attention. Rather than waiting for the 39th Congress to convene in March, Lincoln pressed the lame duck session of the 38th Congress to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment as soon as possible. Lincoln and Seward engaged in an extensive lobbying campaign to win their votes. In a vote held on January 31, the House narrowly cleared the two-thirds threshold in a 119-56 vote.[188] The Thirteenth Amendment was sent to the states for ratification, and Secretary of State Seward proclaimed its adoption on December 18, 1865. Some abolitionist leaders viewed their work as complete, but Douglass noted that \"slavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot.\"[189]"}
{"id": "doc2099077", "text": "Kelly's men find that Clermont is defended by three Tiger tanks of the 1st SS Panzer Division with infantry support. The Americans are able to eliminate the German infantry and two of the Tigers, but the final tank parks itself right in front of the bank and Oddball's Sherman breaks down, leaving them stalemated. At Crapgame\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s suggestion, Kelly offers the German tank commander and his crew an equal share of the loot."}
{"id": "doc2099374", "text": "Vincent van Gogh (1853\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1890) was an avid student of color theory. He used violet in many of his paintings of the 1880s, including his paintings of irises and the swirling and mysterious skies of his starry night paintings, and often combined it with it complementary color, yellow. In his painting of his bedroom in Arles (1888), he used several sets of complementary colors; violet and yellow, red and green, and orange and blue. In a letter about the painting to his brother Theo, he wrote, \"The color here...should be suggestive of sleep and repose in general....The walls are a pale violet. The floor is of red tiles. The wood of the bed and the chairs are fresh butter yellow, the sheet and the pillows light lemon green. The bedspread bright scarlet. The window green. The bed table orange. The bowl blue. The doors lilac....The painting should rest the head or the imagination.\"[15]"}
{"id": "doc2105047", "text": "Frank is a German surname. Notable persons with the surname include:"}
{"id": "doc2105233", "text": "Lyricist Howard Ashman first pitched the idea, and the screenplay went through three drafts before then-Disney Studios president Jeffrey Katzenberg agreed to its production. The animators based their designs on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, and computers were used for both finishing the artwork and creating some animated elements. The musical score was written by Alan Menken and features six songs with lyrics written by both Ashman and Tim Rice, who took over after Ashman's death."}
{"id": "doc2105570", "text": "His film debut was in Streets of Fire (1984). His credits include Wildcats (1986) with Goldie Hawn, Miracle Mile (1989), The First Power (1990) with Lou Diamond Phillips, Free Willy (1993), Forrest Gump (1994) with Tom Hanks, Waiting to Exhale (1995), Heat (1995), \"Soul of the Game\" (1996) with Delroy Lindo, Con Air (1997), Truth or Consequences, N.M. (1997), William Friedkin's TV version of 12 Angry Men (1997), Three Kings (1999), Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters' First 100 Years (1999), Holiday Heart (2000), Black Dynamite (2009), The Final Destination (2009) and The Purge: Election Year (2017)."}
{"id": "doc2105862", "text": "In the early 1860s a number of educational colleges were established, including Lawrence College, Murree, King Edward Medical University, Government College, Lahore, Glancy Medical College and Forman Christian College. In 1882, Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner published a damning report on the state of education in the Punjab. He lamented the failure to reconcile government run schools with traditional indigenous schools, and noted a steady decline in the number of schools across the province since annexation.[68] He noted in particular how Punjabi Muslim's avoided government run schools due to the lack of religious subjects taught in them, observing how at least 120,000 Punjabis attended schools unsupported by the state and describing it as 'a protest by the people against our system of education.'[69] Leitner had long advocated the benefits of oriental scholarship, and the fusion of government education with religious instruction. In January 1865 he had established the Anjuman-i-Punjab, a subscription based association aimed at using a European style of learning to promote useful knowledge, whilst also reviving traditional scholarship in Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit.[70] In 1884 a reorganisation of the Punjab education system occurred, introducing measures tending towards decentralisation of control over education and the promotion of an indigenous education agency. As a consequence several new institutions were encouraged in the province. The Arya Samaj opened a college in Lahore in 1886, the Sikhs opened the Khalsa College whilst the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam stepped in to organise Muslim education.[71]"}
{"id": "doc2107018", "text": "The Appointments Clause of the Constitution (Article II, section 2, clause 2), empowers the President of the United States to appoint \"Officers of the United States\" with the \"advice and consent\" of the United States Senate. The same clause also allows lower-level officials to be appointed without the advice and consent process.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc2107022", "text": "a position to which is delegated by legal authority a portion of the sovereign power of the federal government and that is 'continuing' in a federal office subject to the Constitution's Appointment Clause. A person who would hold such a position must be properly made an 'officer of the United States' by being appointed pursuant to the procedures specified in the Appointments Clause."}
{"id": "doc2107033", "text": "Officers of the United States in the executive branch are numerous; but some examples include: the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Director of National Intelligence, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and members of the Federal Communications Commission and Interstate Commerce Commission."}
{"id": "doc2107043", "text": "In Huixcolotla, papel picado is primarily produced for the celebrations surrounding the Day of the Dead. Over time, the tool used to make papel picado has changed from scissors to chisels because of the greater precision and detailing they allow. Traditionally, the art of making papel picado has been passed from generation to generation. Around 1930, the art spread from Huixcolota to other parts of Mexico such as Puebla and Tlaxcala. Sometime in the 1960s, papel picado spread to Mexico City and from there to the United States and Europe."}
{"id": "doc2107261", "text": "Number Two, or Maggie Hoyle, a twelve-year-old Loric girl who is known to have glasses, freckles and reddish brown hair, created an Internet message in an attempt to find the others, likely in desperation after her C\u00eapan was killed by Mogadorians. Because of this, the Mogadorians found and murdered her in London, England. She was too young to have had legacies. In The Power of Six, numbers Four, Six, and their friend Sam talk about Number Two's post. The post read \"Nine, now eight, are the rest of you out there?\". Six says that she and her C\u00eapan Katarina responded saying, \"We are here\". Seconds later, Two dies and Six and her C\u00eapan flee for fear of being caught. Four also reveals that his C\u00eapan Henri saw the post and tried to hack into the computer to delete the message to save Two, but he was too late. Seven almost responded, but decided against it, wisely as it turns out. When the posting was deleted just after Two was killed, they had assumed the Mogadorians deleted it. But in the Fallen Legacies, it is revealed that it was Adamus Sutekh, a young Mogadorian boy who tried to help the Loric, who deleted the blog post to save the other Loric who responded, but sadly it did not work as Six and her C\u00eapan were caught. Adamus had tried to help Two by posing as a Loric. However, even when Two learns that he is a Mogadorian, she doesn't attack him because she believes he is there to help her. Adamus' brother, Ivanick finds Two and Adamus (he believes that Adamus was trying to trick Two) and stabs Two in the throat with a dagger, killing her."}
{"id": "doc2107377", "text": "Maddy was a new girl in town when Nine was living in Chicago. She and Number Nine started a friendship after meeting at the Windy Wall and later became a couple. She had long black hair with bangs. She chose to go to a planetarium on their first date. On a second date, Mogadorians show up causing Nine to participate in a car chase while trying to escape them. Nine loses them but Maddy gets angry and leaves after Nine kisses her. Later, she accepts his apology and Nine meets her at her house and spends the night, but does not sleep with her. In the morning Nine wakes up surrounded by Mogadorians. He takes Maddy and tries to escape, but she tazes him. It is revealed that her parents were taken hostage for two years because her father had seen something that he shouldn't have and the Mogadorians wouldn't let her see them unless she finds Nine. They are taken to a base in West Virginia where she meets her parents. After reuniting with her parents, the Mogadorians release Pikens into the room thus killing Maddy and her family. Her last words were begging Nine for help."}
{"id": "doc2107778", "text": "The first draft of the Articles, written by John Dickinson, was presented to Congress on July 12, 1776, but Congress did not send the proposed constitution to the states until November 1777. Three major constitutional issues divided Congress: state borders, including claims to lands west of the Appalachians, state representation in the new Congress, and whether tax levies on states should take slaves into account. Ultimately, Congress decided that each state would have one vote in Congress and that slaves would not affect state levies.[11] By 1780, as the war continued, every state but Maryland had ratified the Articles. Maryland refused to ratify the constitution until all of the other states, most prominently Virginia, relinquished their western land claims to Congress. The success of Britain's Southern strategy, along with pressure from America's French allies, convinced Maryland to ratify the Articles and Virginia to cede its claims north of the Ohio River. After Maryland ratified the Articles in January 1781, the new constitution took effect in March 1781. The Congress of the Confederation technically replaced the Second Continental Congress as the national government, but in practice the structure and personnel of the new Congress was quite similar.[12] The first article of the new constitution established a name for the new confederacy\u00a0\u2013 the United States of America.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2107904", "text": "It was the 17th biggest selling album in the 1960s in the UK."}
{"id": "doc2108001", "text": "Inhibition of RNA polymerase activity can also be regulated by DNA sequences called silencers. Like enhancers, silencers may be located at locations farther up or downstream from the genes they regulate. These DNA sequences bind to factors that contribute to the destabilization of the initiation complex required to activate RNA polymerase, and therefore inhibit transcription.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2109876", "text": "The Al-Khalid (Urdu: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0679\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u202c\u200e\u2014Al-X\u0101lid \u1e6aai\u014bk, pronounced\u00a0[\u0259l-\u02c8x\u0251\u02d0l\u026ad\u032a \u0288\u00e6\u02d0\u014bk] literally \"The Eternal Tank\") is a main battle tank jointly developed by Pakistan and China during the 1990s, based on the Chinese Type 90-IIM tank.[7] The original prototype was developed by China North Industries Corporation (Norinco) under the name MBT-2000, and Norinco also offer the tank for export under that name.  Around 310 Al Khalid MBTs had been produced by 2014.[8] The Bangladesh Army ordered 44 MBT-2000s from China in 2011.[9][10] The Norinco-made MBT-2000 is also used by the Royal Moroccan Army.[11] It was trialled by the Peruvian Army for possible acquisition, but was not purchased due to financial problems.[1][12]"}
{"id": "doc2109883", "text": "The final tank design resulting from a decade of co-operative development was designated Type 90-IIM. The Chinese company Norinco showed the new Type 90-IIM during the March 2001 Abu Dhabi Defense Expo, under the export name MBT 2000. The version powered by the Ukrainian engine, intended for domestic production in Pakistan, was named Al-Khalid.[22]"}
{"id": "doc2110826", "text": "A musical adaptation of the franchise is currently in Workshop productions in London, featuring Sheridan Smith in the title role of Bridget. The show is due to open in London's West End, although no date has been officially confirmed."}
{"id": "doc2111513", "text": "Apportionment at the federal level of the United States government is guided by the rubrics of the U.S. Constitution. The writers of the Constitution designed the nation's bicameral Legislature to include, a Senate (the upper legislative chamber) to represent the states, and a House of Representatives (the lower legislative chamber) to represent the people rather than the states. Each state\u2014in its entirety\u2014is equally represented in the Senate by two senators, regardless of its population. The constitution guarentees each state at least one representative for its people in the House, while the size of a state's House delegation depends on its total population.[20] Each state is apportioned a number of seats which approximately corresponds to its share of the aggregate population of the 50 states, as determined by the most recent decennial U.S. census. This governance plan came about as a result of the Connecticut Compromise reached during Constitutional Convention of 1787 between delegates from states with a large population and those from states with a small population. The Constitution also prescribes that the President and Vice President be elected by a group of people apportioned among the states in the same numbers as their representatives in Congress, called the Electoral College."}
{"id": "doc2111528", "text": "Instead, most state legislatures imitated the Congress, in which the lower house is apportioned by population, while the upper house is apportioned by some other criterion. For example, each county might have one state senator."}
{"id": "doc2111609", "text": "Another of Jigsaw's trademarks is his use of microcassettes to deliver instructions to his victims, disguising his voice as on the Billy videotapes. A flashback in Saw IV reveals that he accomplished this by speaking into a reel-to-reel tape recorder, then slowing down the playback. Often, a victim would find a microcassette recorder left for him or her with a tape already loaded in, while at other times the tape would be found separately in an envelope marked with the victim's name or the tape on its own reading \"Play Me\". One tape was found in Jigsaw's stomach during his autopsy at the beginning of Saw IV, coated in wax to protect it against his digestive acids. Both of his apprentices, Amanda Young and Mark Hoffman, eventually began making their own microcassettes, but not always altering their voices as he did. In Saw 3D, Hoffman recorded one set of instructions on a standard-sized cassette, and another on an 8-track tape for use in a car stereo."}
{"id": "doc2111919", "text": "The nine illustrative engravings in the Nine Gates seem to mirror events that really happen throughout the film. In the last engraving, the Whore of Babylon or the Devil with a face just like The Girl's is astride a Hydra like creature while a castle is ablaze with some unearthly light in the distance behind her. Eventually, Corso and The Girl make love just in front of the blazing castle with The Girl/Devil astride a fully internally demonized Corso who, in the last shot, after the ultimate sexual submission to the Devil has finally obtained the metaphorical key into the ninth gate...the gate to Hell. If this theory is true, then Corso has doubtless earned himself a position of honor in Hell, perhaps as The Girl's consort."}
{"id": "doc2112811", "text": "On 27 April 2008, Khan established a technical college in the Mianwali District called Namal College. It was built by the Mianwali Development Trust (MDT), and is an associate college of the University of Bradford in December 2005.[73][74] Imran Khan Foundation is another welfare work, which aims to assist needy people all over Pakistan. It has provided help to flood victims in Pakistan. Buksh Foundation has partnered with the Imran Khan Foundation to light up villages in Dera Ghazi Khan, Mianwali and Dera Ismail Khan under the project 'Lighting a Million Lives'. The campaign will establish several Solar Charging Stations in the selected off-grid villages and will provide villagers with solar lanterns, which can be regularly charged at the solar-charging stations.[75][76]"}
{"id": "doc2113492", "text": "In 1962, Robinson wrote a slave revolt drama titled Rained All Night.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc2114416", "text": "Mickey and the gang have a spooky halloween party at a haunted house."}
{"id": "doc2114608", "text": "In England and Scotland, the name can be derived from the Old French personal name Maurice which was introduced to Britain by the Normans. It can also be derived from the Latin Mauritius, a derivative of Maurus. This name was used by several early Christian saints.\nThe first Morrises in the British Isles were recorded as living in the bordering counties of Monmouthshire, Wales and Herefordshire, England by the Norman Conquest of 1066\u00c2\u00a0CE.[3] \nIn Wales, Morris is an Anglicisation of the Welsh personal name Meurig (ultimately derived from Latin Mauritius).[1] \nAdditionally the name Morris is of Anglo-Norman origin deriving from the 'de Marisco' line.  In some instances the surnames Morris has been seen to derive from Morres which is the plural topographical name for a 'family living on the Morre' (moors).  It is not a coincidence that the greatest concentration of the Morris name in England is found around Bolton-le-Moors, Lancashire; a county where topographical and placename surnames dominate."}
{"id": "doc2114806", "text": "Once the patient is on bypass, a cut is made in the aorta and a crossclamp applied. The surgeon then removes the patient's diseased aortic valve and a mechanical or tissue valve is put in its place. Once the valve is in place and the aorta has been closed, the patient is taken off the heart-lung machine. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE, an ultra-sound of the heart done through the esophagus) can be used to verify that the new valve is functioning properly. Pacing wires are usually put in place, so that the heart can be manually paced should any complications arise after surgery. Drainage tubes are also inserted to drain fluids from the chest and pericardium following surgery. These are usually removed within 36 hours while the pacing wires are generally left in place until right before the patient is discharged from the hospital."}
{"id": "doc2115402", "text": "In 2009, Russell appeared in a single episode of Disney's sitcom I\u00e2\u20ac\u2122m in the Band.[6] In 2010, Russell appeared in the film adaptation of author Jeff Kinney's Diary of a Wimpy Kid. Russell played Fregley, an awkward and unpopular classmate of Greg Heffley.[4] He reprised the role in the sequels, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011)[5] and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (2012)."}
{"id": "doc2115479", "text": "Two attempts were made to adapt the character to television. The first, in 1954, was titled The Shadow, and starred Tom Helmore as Lamont Cranston."}
{"id": "doc2116209", "text": "Since 2001, the Haunted Mansion at Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland is transformed into Haunted Mansion Holiday during the Halloween and Christmas seasons, inspired by Tim Burton's 1993 film The Nightmare Before Christmas. The Haunted Mansion is closed in September for a few weeks as they revamp the attraction, replacing many of the props and Audio-Animatronics with characters and themes from the movie."}
{"id": "doc2117039", "text": "The Senate is a permanent legislative body with equal representation from each of the four provinces, elected by the members of their respective provincial assemblies. There are representatives from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and from Islamabad Capital Territory. The chairman of the Senate, under the constitution, is next in line to act as president should the office become vacant and until such time as a new president can be formally elected. Both the Senate and the National Assembly can initiate and pass legislation except for finance bills. Only the National Assembly can approve the federal budget and all finance bills. In the case of other bills, the president may prevent passage unless the legislature in joint sitting overrules the president by a majority of members of both houses present and voting. Unlike the National Assembly, the Senate cannot be dissolved by the President."}
{"id": "doc2117093", "text": "Per capita ecological footprint (EF), or ecological footprint analysis (EFA), is a means of comparing consumption and lifestyles, and checking this against nature's ability to provide for this consumption. The tool can inform policy by examining to what extent a nation uses more (or less) than is available within its territory, or to what extent the nation's lifestyle would be replicable worldwide. The footprint can also be a useful tool to educate people about carrying capacity and overconsumption, with the aim of altering personal behavior. Ecological footprints may be used to argue that many current lifestyles are not sustainable. Such a global comparison also clearly shows the inequalities of resource use on this planet at the beginning of the twenty-first century."}
{"id": "doc2118467", "text": "As of 6 January 2018, the UKTV channel Drama began repeating the series from the first episode at the rate of four episodes a week."}
{"id": "doc2119024", "text": "Episode 3.04 In the Company of Men"}
{"id": "doc2119808", "text": "Defend me always from my spiritual enemies, particularly in the last moments of my life."}
{"id": "doc2121940", "text": "In C++, it is parsed as:"}
{"id": "doc2121945", "text": "Moreover, in C++ (and later versions of C) equality operations yield bool type values which are conceptually a single bit (1 or 0) and as such do not properly belong in \"bitwise\" operations."}
{"id": "doc2122130", "text": "A boy gives a cookie to a mouse. The mouse asks for a glass of milk. He then requests a straw (to drink the milk), a mirror (to avoid a milk mustache), nail scissors (to trim his hair in the mirror), and a broom (to sweep up his hair trimmings). Next he wants to take a nap, have a story read to him, draw a picture, and hang the drawing on the refrigerator. Looking at the refrigerator makes him thirsty, so the mouse asks for a glass of milk. The circle is complete when he wants a cookie to go with it."}
{"id": "doc2124276", "text": "Bacterial small RNAs (sRNA) are small RNAs produced by bacteria; they are 50- to 500-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, highly structured and containing several stem-loops.[1][2] Numerous sRNAs have been identified using both computational analysis and laboratory-based techniques such as Northern blotting, microarrays and RNA-Seq[3] in a number of bacterial species including Escherichia coli,[4][5][6] the model pathogen Salmonella,[7] the nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti,[8] marine cyanobacteria,[9] Francisella tularensis (the causative agent of tularaemia),[10] Streptococcus pyogenes[11], the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus[12], and the plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae.[13] Bacterial sRNAs effect how genes are expressed within bacterial cells via interaction with mRNA or protein, and thus can effect a variety of bacterial functions like metabolism, virulence, environmental stress response, and structure.[7][12]"}
{"id": "doc2124278", "text": "The first bacterial sRNA was discovered and characterized in 1984. MicF in E. coli was found to regulate the expression of a key structural gene that makes up the outer membrane of the E. coli cell.[16] Shortly after, the Staphylococcus aureus sRNA RNAIII was found to act as a global regulator of S. aureus virulence and toxin secretion.[16] Since these initial discoveries, over six thousand bacterial sRNAs have been identified, largely through RNA-sequencing experiments.[17]"}
{"id": "doc2124290", "text": "Several bacterial sRNAs are involved in the regulation of genes that confer antibiotic resistance.[41] For example, the sRNA DsrA regulates a drug efflux pump in E. coli, which is a system that mechanically pumps antibiotic out of bacterial cells.[41] E. coli MicF also contributes to antibiotic resistance of cephalosporins, as it regulates membrane proteins involved in uptake of these class of antibiotics.[41]"}
{"id": "doc2125026", "text": "The dialogue with the operator was the result of an arrangement co-producer James Guthrie made with a neighbour in London, Chris Fitzmorris[4], while the album was being recorded in Los Angeles. He wanted realism, for the operator to actually believe they had caught his wife having an affair, and so didn't inform her she was being recorded. The operator heard in the recording is the second operator they tried the routine with, after the first operator's reaction was deemed unsatisfactory.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2126435", "text": "Pakistan National Council of the Arts (Urdu: \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u200e\u200e, or PNCA) was set up to spearhead the development of arts in Pakistan by an Act of Parliament in 1973. It aims to build a robust arts ecosystem by creating an environment conducive to the flourishing of the arts, where the arts are accessible to everyone and artists and art groups have the commitment, financial support and resources, and to excel at home, and on the world stage. PNCA policies are framed by its Board of Governors which reports to the federal Minister for National Heritage and Integration within the Ministry of Culture."}
{"id": "doc2127006", "text": "The station's ticket hall has a sculpture of an Angel by Kevin Boys."}
{"id": "doc2127607", "text": "The namesake of the film is a large live oak tree that was excavated from a property a few miles outside Smithville. The 65,000-pound tree and root ball were trucked into Smithville and replanted.[24][25][26]"}
{"id": "doc2128442", "text": "Today, nationalist movements within Pakistan include those of the Sindhis, Pashtuns, Balochs, Mohajirs, and Kashmiris. The members of these movements assert that Islam cannot be considered the sole basis for nationhood, and that Pakistan is therefore a multinational state. Their demands range from increased autonomy or the transformation of Pakistan into a federation, to the recognition of language rights for non-Urdu-speaking populations, to outright secession."}
{"id": "doc2128755", "text": "The first UK Tour opened in Cardiff on 10 April 2013, and despite some technical faults, opened to positive reviews.[citation needed] London understudy Rebecca Trehearn stepped into the role of Molly, with Stewart Clarke as Sam, Wendy Mae Brown as Oda Mae and David Roberts as Carl.[15] The 11-month tour closed as scheduled on 8 March 2014 in Oxford."}
{"id": "doc2129979", "text": "There are several distinct origins of the Lee surname.  The most common is derived from Old English l\u00c4\u201cah, meaning a meadow or forest clearing.[2][3]"}
{"id": "doc2131758", "text": "Soon, 451 gives Kyle the evidence of all the murders and corruption that have happened in this prison for the past 20 something years that he has planned to expose to the US government. While the guards are getting the prisoners under control, 451 shows Kyle a secret passage to the prison garage for their next move. Kyle participates in one final fight, which he wins, but the guards have indicated they will kill him afterward. When two guards take Kyle to the garage, 451 launches an attack and kills one of them while Kyle holds the other at gunpoint and pins him down to the ground. After taking the key to free himself, Kyle takes one of the guards' uniforms to disguise himself and drives off in one of their cars while 451 stays behind to assassinate the general for his misdeeds. His final fate is unknown, but Kyle successfully returns to the US and expose the prison's crimes. Three months afterwards, the prison is shut down."}
{"id": "doc2131860", "text": "Rifampicin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, thus it is commonly used to inhibit the synthesis of host bacterial proteins during recombinant protein expression in bacteria. RNA encoding for the recombinant gene is usually transcribed from DNA by a viral T7 RNA polymerase, which is not affected by rifampicin."}
{"id": "doc2133572", "text": "Problems arise when an appearance on a live TV comedy show, ABC's Fridays, turns into a fiasco when Kaufman refuses to speak his lines. Also Kaufman feuds publicly with Jerry Lawler, a male professional wrestler, who challenges him to a \"real wrestling match\", which Kaufman accepts. Lawler easily overpowers and seriously injures Kaufman, resulting in the comedian wearing a neck brace. Lawler and an injured Kaufman appear on NBC's Late Night with David Letterman, ostensibly to call a truce, but Lawler insults Kaufman, who throws coffee at the wrestler and spews a vicious tirade of epithets. It is later revealed that Kaufman and Lawler were in fact good friends and staged the entire feud, but Kaufman pays a price when he is banned from Saturday Night Live by a vote of audience members, weary of his wrestling antics. Shapiro advises Kaufman and Lawler not to work together again, and later calls Kaufman to inform him that Taxi has been canceled."}
{"id": "doc2134008", "text": "The Good Witch of the North, sometimes named Locasta or Tattypoo, is a fictional character in the Land of Oz, created by American author L. Frank Baum.[1]  She is the elderly and mild-mannered Ruler of the Gillikin Country. Her only significant appearance in Baum's work is in Chapter 2 of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), in which she introduces Dorothy to Oz and sends her to meet the Wizard, after placing a protective kiss on her forehead. She makes a brief cameo appearance at Princess Ozma's birthday party in The Road to Oz (1909), but is otherwise only mentioned elsewhere in the series."}
{"id": "doc2134206", "text": "Wenger was named manager of Arsenal in 1996 and two years later led the club to a league and FA Cup double. The club won another league and cup double in 2002 and retained the FA Cup a year later. In 2004, Wenger managed Arsenal to an undefeated league season, a feat last accomplished by Preston North End, 115 years previously. Arsenal later eclipsed Nottingham Forest's record of 42 league matches unbeaten and went seven more matches before losing in October 2004. The club made their first appearance in a Champions League final in 2006, though they lost to Barcelona. After a period of almost nine years without a trophy, which coincided with the club relocating to the Emirates Stadium, Wenger guided Arsenal to further FA Cup success in 2014, 2015 and 2017."}
{"id": "doc2134247", "text": "Wenger financed moves for Granit Xhaka and Shkodran Mustafi in the summer of 2016 for a combined \u00a365 million, rendering the pair one of Arsenal's most expensive ever signings, as Wenger hoped to guide the club to their first league title win in over thirteen years the following season.[250][251] Although Arsenal began strongly in the league, losing only once until December, back-to-back defeats to Everton and Manchester City resulted in Arsenal losing their stronghold on the league. Wenger also served a four-match touchline ban and had to pay a \u00a325,000 fine after pushing referee Anthony Taylor during a win at home against Burnley.[252] Further defeats to Chelsea and Liverpool all but rendered Arsenal out of the title race, and left qualification to the Champions League threatened by March. On 30 April, Arsenal lost to main rivals Tottenham which had confirmed the latter had finished above them in the Premier League for the first time since the 1994\u201395 FA Premier League season.[253] The following month also saw them fail to finish in the top four since the 1996\u201397 FA Premier League season.[254] On 27 May 2017, Wenger became the most successful manager in the history of the FA Cup as Arsenal beat Premier League winners Chelsea 2\u20131 at Wembley through goals from Alexis S\u00e1nchez and Aaron Ramsey. The victory represented a further record for Wenger, as Arsenal too, became the most successful club in the competition's history as they won the competition for the 13th time.[255] Four days following the win, Wenger signed a contract extension until 2019.[256]"}
{"id": "doc2134771", "text": "\u00e2\u20ac\u00a0 Orbital period measurement might be in years and not days (not properly referenced)."}
{"id": "doc2136789", "text": "Zakaria founded a number of schools and colleges in his constituency of Aurangabad. These included a women's college of arts and sciences and the Indian Institute of Hotel Management, which is now known as the Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad (IHM-A). The Maulana Azad Education Trust Aurangabad is a mini university in itself. He was Chancellor of the Jamia Urdu, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), and President of Maharashtra College in Mumbai."}
{"id": "doc2139234", "text": "Portugal began the Euro 2016 qualifiers with a 0\u20131 home defeat against Albania, which resulted in Bento being dismissed from his managerial post to be replaced by Fernando Santos in September 2014.[10] Nevertheless, the team qualified and were placed in Group F alongside newcomers Iceland, Austria and Hungary. The first match against Iceland was a 1\u20131 draw with Nani scoring for Portugal. The second match ended goalless against Austria with Ronaldo missing a penalty. The final match of the group stage was against Hungary. Portugal came from behind to end the match 3\u20133 with a goal from Nani and two from Ronaldo. They moved into the knockout stage as the third-best third place team. Portugal beat Croatia 1\u20130 in the Round of 16 after a goal from Ricardo Quaresma in extra time.[11] In the quarter-finals, Robert Lewandowski scored in the early minutes but Renato Sanches scored the equaliser in the 33rd to level the match. After the match finished in a 1\u20131 draw after extra time, Portugal defeated Poland 5\u20133 on penalties to reach the semi-finals.[12] In the semi-finals they defeated Wales 2\u20130 in regulation time with goals from Ronaldo and Nani to reach the final at the Stade de France against hosts France.[13] The early stages of the final saw Ronaldo limp off the pitch injured after a challenge from Dimitri Payet. In spite of creating chances, both sides failed to find the net, with the hosts being denied of any goals owing to the brilliance of Portuguese goalkeeper Rui Patr\u00edcio and a compact defence led by Pepe. After the match ended 0\u20130 in regulation time, substitute Eder scored the match's only goal in the 109th minute, sending Portugal to a 1\u20130 victory after extra time.[14][15] Ronaldo won the Silver Boot, scoring three goals and creating three assists.\nThey are also the only team to progress to the knock-out stage in all of their (seven) European Championship appearances."}
{"id": "doc2140403", "text": "Chicago was the studio's first choice for filming. However, as two new television series (ER and Chicago Hope) had a lease with the city during the subsequent time period, production was relocated to San Francisco. Various locations in the city were used during filming. Parts were filmed at the studios of television station KTVU in Oakland. Street signs for the intersection near the \"Painted Lady\" home, Steiner, and Broadway, were visible onscreen."}
{"id": "doc2141465", "text": "In the Eastern rites in communion with the Pope, the equivalent unit is called an eparchy.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2141867", "text": "Isaiah speaks of mal\u00e2\u20ac\u2122ak panav, \"the angel of the presence\" (\"In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them: in his love and in his pity he redeemed them; and he bore them, and carried them all the days of old\") (Isaiah 63:9)."}
{"id": "doc2142205", "text": "In UK, the show started on 12 July 2015 on Channel 5."}
{"id": "doc2142521", "text": "House of Representatives elections"}
{"id": "doc2142524", "text": "Executive branch elections"}
{"id": "doc2144435", "text": "Dean Strang, one of Avery's attorneys for the Halbach trial, stated the filmmakers did \"a good editorial job\" with the documentary. Strang noted that the trial lasted for six weeks and featured approximately 200 to 240 hours of evidence. Strang believes that showing the full trial would have been too long for audiences and that only the most significant points on both sides could be shown. He disagreed that significant evidence was left out.[56]"}
{"id": "doc2144660", "text": "The MPA Government headed by Dr. Donkupar Roy was sworn in by Governor Sidhu on 19 March 2008 with the support of 31 members in the 60 member Assembly."}
{"id": "doc2146296", "text": "In ancient and medieval Christianity, Caesaropapism is the doctrine where a head of state is at the same time the head of the church."}
{"id": "doc2148672", "text": "In John's Gospel, the phrase is attributed to Jesus speaking with the Samaritan woman whom he meets at Jacob's Well in Sychar:"}
{"id": "doc2149599", "text": "After Brian and Casey burn down Joe's house, Joe is fed up with Brian's string of irresponsible behavior and fires him from Sandpiper and orders him never to speak to him again. The ghost of their father appears and uses reverse psychology to convince Joe to make peace with Brian."}
{"id": "doc2153407", "text": "Anna puts her hands on the door of a room in which Elsa, who had recently harmed Anna with her powers, and requests that she should build a snowman to no avail."}
{"id": "doc2153582", "text": "Multiple variables of the same type can be declared and initialized in one statement using comma as a delimiter."}
{"id": "doc2155680", "text": "St. Germanus I, Patriarch of Constantinople from 715 to 730, writes \"The double crown inscribed on the head of the priest through tonsure represents the precious head of the chief-apostle Peter.  When he was sent out in the teaching and preaching of the Lord, his head was shaved by those who did not believe his word, as if in mockery.  The Teacher Christ blessed this head, changed dishonor into honor, ridicule into praise.  He placed on it a crown made not out of precious stones, but one which shines more than gold, topaz, or precious stone \u00e2\u20ac\u201c with the stone and rock of faith."}
{"id": "doc2157990", "text": "In Commonwealth realm jurisdictions which use the Westminster system of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of Parliament or legislature, and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions \u2014 such as Belgium, Mexico, Netherlands, Philippines, United States \u2014 the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a government department and members of the government's ministry, cabinet and perhaps of a committee of cabinet. Some ministers may be more senior than others, and some may hold the title \"assistant minister\" or \"deputy minister\". Some jurisdictions, with a large number of ministers, may designate ministers to be either in the inner or outer ministry or cabinet."}
{"id": "doc2161840", "text": "Having appeared in numerous productions (including brief appearances in Cold Mountain and Munich), Brake achieved his first significant role in mainstream cinema being cast as Joe Chill in Christopher Nolan's 2005 film, Batman Begins. As in most versions of the Batman comic series, his character is the criminal who murdered Bruce Wayne's parents, effectively starting him on his path to becoming Batman."}
{"id": "doc2162623", "text": "Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality: the men's football club, AS Monaco FC, and the women's football club, OS Monaco. AS Monaco plays at the Stade Louis II and competes in Ligue 1 the first division of French football and are reigning champions, The club is historically one of the most successful clubs in the French league, having won Ligue 1 eight times (most recently in 2016\u201317) and competed at the top level for all but six seasons since 1953. The club reached the 2004 UEFA Champions League Final, with a team that included Dado Pr\u0161o, Fernando Morientes, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Rothen, Akis Zikos and Ludovic Giuly, but lost 3\u20130 to Portuguese team FC Porto. Many international stars have played for the club, such as French World Cup-winners Thierry Henry, Fabien Barthez and David Trezeguet. The Stade Louis II also played host to the annual UEFA Super Cup (1998\u20132012) between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League."}
{"id": "doc2162650", "text": "The term was first used by Claude Steiner (1997)[2] who says:"}
{"id": "doc2162858", "text": "Since the 1929 reform of the Austrian Constitution, all members of the Federal Government are appointed by the Austrian Federal President (according to Article 70 of the Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG)[1]), who nevertheless has to seek a consensus with the National Council parliament, since a vote of no confidence would immediately enforce their dismissal. In practical terms usually the leader of the strongest political party, who ran as \"chancellor candidate\" in the parliamentary election, is asked to become Federal Chancellor; although there have been exceptions in the past. The nominations of the ministers takes place at the suggestion of the Chancellor, though the President is permitted to withhold his or her approval. Likewise, the President may dismiss the Chancellor and/or the whole government at any time. However, a new government must be formed by the parties that control parliament."}
{"id": "doc2163089", "text": "Starting in 2000, casting began for the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the best-selling novel written by author J. K. Rowling. Rowling personally insisted that the cast be British and assisted Susie Figgis and director Chris Columbus in casting the roles.[7] Grint chose to audition for the role of protagonist Ron Weasley, one of Harry Potter's best friends at Hogwarts, and was a fan of the book series. Having seen a Newsround report about the open casting, he sent in a video of himself rapping about how he wished to receive the role. His attempt was successful as the casting team asked for a meeting with him.[8] On 8 August 2000, Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, and an 11-year-old Grint were selected to play the roles of Harry, Hermione Granger, and Ron, respectively.[9] Grint is the oldest member of the trio.[10] The release of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 2001 was Grint's debut screen performance. Breaking records for opening-day sales and opening-weekend takings, it was the highest-grossing film of that year.[11] With a total of US$974\u00c2\u00a0million in its theatrical run, Philosopher's Stone stands as the second most commercially successful entry in the series.[12] It was also critically well-received, scoring mainly positive reviews from critics. However, a number of critics found the adaption staying faithful to the book to be both its best and worst quality.[13] Grint won a Satellite Award in the category of \"Outstanding New Talent\", and a Young Artist Award for \"Most Promising Young Newcomer\".[14][15]"}
{"id": "doc2163101", "text": "In March 2012, the \"Visit Britain\" TV ad was released, which features Grint alongside Julie Walters, Michelle Dockery and Stephen Fry. The TV ad promotes holidaying at home in the UK.[62]"}
{"id": "doc2163262", "text": "Relatively new terms for zoos coined in the late 20th century are \"conservation park\" or \"biopark\". Adopting a new name is a strategy used by some zoo professionals to distance their institutions from the stereotypical and nowadays criticized zoo concept of the 19th century.[6] The term \"biopark\" was first coined and developed by the National Zoo in Washington D.C. in the late 1980s.[7] In 1993, the New York Zoological Society changed its name to the Wildlife Conservation Society and rebranded the zoos under its jurisdiction as \"wildlife conservation parks\".[8]"}
{"id": "doc2164807", "text": "The name has several spelling traditions in English. The origin of each tradition is described in the following sections."}
{"id": "doc2165715", "text": "Due to the temperate climate and relatively close proximity to the studios in Hollywood, a number of movies and television series have been filmed in Thousand Oaks. Thousand Oaks Boulevard can for instance be seen in the Oscar-winning film It Happened One Night (1934), while Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stop at a service station on Live Oak Street in Hollywood or Bust (1956). Hills nearby California Lutheran University (CLU) were used in the filming of Welcome to Hard Times (1967).[197] Spartacus (1960) was also filmed by CLU.[49]"}
{"id": "doc2165885", "text": "Though belonging to the same West Semitic speaking ethnic group and migrating from the same Levantine regions as the earlier arriving Aramaeans, they are to be differentiated; the Assyrian king Sennacherib, for example, carefully distinguishes them in his inscriptions."}
{"id": "doc2165898", "text": "Shalmanesser III had invaded Babylonia at the request of its own king, Marduk-zakir-shumi I, the Babylonian king being threatened by his own rebellious relations, together with powerful Aramean tribes pleaded with the more powerful Assyrian king for help. The subjugation of the Chaldean tribes by the Assyrian king appears to have been an aside, as they were not at that time a powerful force, or a threat to the native Babylonian king."}
{"id": "doc2165905", "text": "When Sargon II (722\u00e2\u20ac\u201c705 BC) ascended the throne of the Assyrian Empire in 722 BC after the death of Shalmaneser V, he was forced to launch a major campaign in his subject states of Persia, Mannea and Media in Ancient Iran to defend his territories there. He defeated and drove out the Scythians and Cimmerians who had attacked Assyria's Persian and Median vassal colonies in the region. At the same time, Egypt began encouraging and supporting rebellion against Assyria in Israel and Canaan, forcing the Assyrians to send troops to deal with the Egyptians."}
{"id": "doc2165906", "text": "These events allowed the Chaldeans to once more attempt to assert themselves. While the Assyrian king was otherwise occupied defending his Iranian colonies from the Scythians and Cimmerians and driving the Egyptians from Canaan, Marduk-apla-iddina II (the Biblical Merodach-Baladan) of Bit-Y\u00c3\u00a2kin, allied himself with the powerful Elamite kingdom and the native Babylonians, briefly seizing control of Babylon between 721 and 710 BC. With the Scythians and Cimmerians vanquished, the Medes and Persians pledging loyalty, and the Egyptians defeated and ejected from southern Canaan, Sargon II was free at last to deal with the Chaldeans, Babylonians and Elamites. He attacked and deposed Marduk-apla-iddina II in 710 BC, also defeating his Elamite allies in the process. After defeat by the Assyrians, Merodach-Baladan fled to his protectors in Elam."}
{"id": "doc2165907", "text": "In 703, Merodach-Baladan very briefly regained the throne from a native Akkadian-Babylonian ruler Marduk-zakir-shumi II, who was a puppet of the new Assyrian king, Sennacherib (705\u2013681 BC). He was once more soundly defeated at Kish, and once again fled to Elam where he died in exile after one final failed attempt to raise a revolt against Assyria in 700 BC, this time not in Babylon, but in the Chaldean tribal land of Bit-Y\u00e2kin. A native Babylonian king named Bel-ibni (703\u2013701 BC) was placed on the throne as a puppet of Assyria."}
{"id": "doc2165915", "text": "Sin-shar-ishkun amassed a powerful army and marched into Babylon to regain control of the region. Nabopolassar was saved from likely destruction because yet another massive Assyrian rebellion broke out in Assyria proper, including the capital Nineveh, which forced the Assyrian king to turn back in order to quell the revolt. Nabopolassar took advantage of this situation, seizing the ancient city of Nippur in 619 BC, a mainstay of pro-Assyrianism in Babylonia, and thus Babylonia as a whole."}
{"id": "doc2165920", "text": "A new Assyrian king, Ashur-uballit II (612\u00e2\u20ac\u201c605 BC), took the crown amidst the house-to-house fighting in Nineveh, and refused a request to bow in vassalage to the rulers of the alliance. He managed to fight his way out of Nineveh and reach the northern Assyrian city of Harran, where he founded a new capital. Assyria resisted for another seven years until 605 BC, when the remnants of the Assyrian army and the army of the Egyptians (whose dynasty had also been installed as puppets of the Assyrians) were defeated at Karchemish. Nabopolassar and his Median, Scythian and Cimmerian allies were now in possession of much of the huge Neo Assyrian Empire. The Egyptians had belatedly come to the aid of Assyria, fearing that, without Assyrian protection, they would be the next to succumb to the new powers, having already been raided by the Scythians."}
{"id": "doc2166530", "text": "This phenomenon was especially common among Ashkenazi Jews, because many such families only acquired permanent surnames (rather than patronyms) when surnames were made compulsory by the November 12, 1787 decree by the Habsburg emperor Joseph II.[3] By way of contrast, Sephardi Jews from the Iberian peninsula often had hereditary family names since well before the Spanish Expulsion (e.g., Cordovero, Abrabanel, Shaltiel, de Leon, Alcalai, Toledano,...) Very few Hebrew surnames existed before Hebraization, such as Cohen (priest), Moss (Moses) and Levi (Levite).  Names ending with -berg, -stein or -man are often thought of as Jewish, but are of German origin, while suffixes such as -sky and -vitz are Slavic. Similarly,  a few Hebrew surnames, such as Katz, Bogoraz, Ohl and Pak are in fact Hebrew acronyms, even though they sound and are often perceived as being of foreign origin (in these cases, from German, Russian, Polish and Korean, respectively)."}
{"id": "doc2166557", "text": "Others were direct translations of patronymic names or names based off biblical figures.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2166568", "text": "According to the United States Office of Government Ethics, a political appointee is \"any employee who is appointed by the President, the Vice President, or agency head\". As of 2016, an incoming administration needs to appoint around 4,000 new employees, of which about 1,200 require Senate approval.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc2166666", "text": "The Spirit of St. Louis"}
{"id": "doc2166740", "text": "The National Electoral Commission reported 3,178,663 registered voters (of which 1,654,228 were female) and a voter turnout of 2,676,549 (84.2%) across 3,300 polling centres and 11,122 polling stations.[15]"}
{"id": "doc2167590", "text": "The original company, the Union Pacific Rail Road was incorporated on July 1, 1862, under an act of Congress entitled Pacific Railroad Act of 1862. The act was approved by President Abraham Lincoln, and it provided for the construction of railroads from the Missouri River to the Pacific as a war measure for the preservation of the Union.[2] It was constructed westward from Council Bluffs, Iowa to meet the Central Pacific Railroad line, which was constructed eastward from San Francisco Bay. The combined Union Pacific-Central Pacific line became known as the First Transcontinental Railroad and later the Overland Route."}
{"id": "doc2167640", "text": "Presidents of all four incarnations of the Union Pacific Railroad:[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2168530", "text": "Here, the variables \n\n\n\n\nc\n\ni\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle c_{i}}\n\n are defined such that"}
{"id": "doc2170441", "text": "The institutional foundations of the profession of wildlife management were established in the 1930s, when Leopold was granted the first university professorship in wildlife management (1933, University of Wisconsin, Madison), when Leopold's textbook 'Game Management' was published (1933), when The Wildlife Society was founded, when the Journal of Wildlife Management began publishing, and when the first Cooperative Wildlife Research Units were established. Conservationists planned many projects throughout the 1940s. Some of which included the harvesting of female mammals such as deer to decrease rising populations. Others included waterfowl and wetland research. The Fish and Wildlife Management Act was put in place to urge farmers to plant food for wildlife and to provide cover for them."}
{"id": "doc2171152", "text": "As part of the larger Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia saw the earliest emergence of civilization in the Neolithic (the Ubaid period) Age and formed a significant part of the Ancient Near East throughout the Bronze Age and the Iron Age (Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian).[1] After the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Mesopotamia fell under Persian and then Greek rule. By the 3rd century, when it was once again under Persian (Sassanid) control, the earlier population was increasingly displaced by Arabs, and the Arabic name al-\u02bfIr\u0101q dates to about this time.[2] The Sassanid Empire was destroyed by the Islamic conquests and displaced by the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century. Baghdad became the center of the \"Islamic Golden Age\" under the Abbasid Caliphate during the 9th century. Baghdad's rapid growth stagnated in the 10th century due to the Buwayhid and Seljuq invasions, but it remained of central importance until the Mongol invasion of 1258. After this, Iraq became a province of the Turco-Mongol Ilkhanate and declined in importance. After the disintegration of the Ilkhanate, Iraq was ruled by the Jalairids and Kara Koyunlu until its eventual absorption into the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, intermittently falling under Iranian Safavid and Mamluk control."}
{"id": "doc2171164", "text": "The Neo-Assyrian Empire (911\u00e2\u20ac\u201c609 BC) was the dominant political force in the Ancient Near East during the Iron Age, eclipsing Babylonia, Egypt, Urartu[9] and Elam. During this period, Aramaic was also made an official language of the empire, alongside the Akkadian language."}
{"id": "doc2171547", "text": "The first proto-eyes evolved among animals 600\u00a0million years ago about the time of the Cambrian explosion.[4] The last common ancestor of animals possessed the biochemical toolkit necessary for vision, and more advanced eyes have evolved in 96% of animal species in six of the ~35[a] main phyla.[1] In most vertebrates and some molluscs, the eye works by allowing light to enter and project onto a light-sensitive panel of cells, known as the retina, at the rear of the eye. The cone cells (for colour) and the rod cells (for low-light contrasts) in the retina detect and convert light into neural signals for vision. The visual signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. Such eyes are typically roughly spherical, filled with a transparent gel-like substance called the vitreous humour, with a focusing lens and often an iris; the relaxing or tightening of the muscles around the iris change the size of the pupil, thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye,[5] and reducing aberrations when there is enough light.[6] The eyes of most cephalopods, fish, amphibians and snakes have fixed lens shapes, and focusing vision is achieved by telescoping the lens\u2014similar to how a camera focuses.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2171552", "text": "Simple eyes are rather ubiquitous, and lens-bearing eyes have evolved at least seven times in vertebrates, cephalopods, annelids, crustaceans and cubozoa.[14][not in citation given]"}
{"id": "doc2171564", "text": "There is at least one vertebrate, the spookfish, whose eyes include reflective optics for focusing of light. Each of the two eyes of a spookfish collects light from both above and below; the light coming from above is focused by a lens, while that coming from below, by a curved mirror composed of many layers of small reflective plates made of guanine crystals.[17]"}
{"id": "doc2173228", "text": "The history of the Patriarchate of Alexandria includes some of the greatest and most renowned fathers of the Church, especially the histories of Athanasius and Cyril, who were Patriarchs of Alexandria at the ecumenical councils of Nicaea and Ephesus respectively. In the schism that was created by the political and Christological controversies at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Church of Alexandria split in two. The majority of the native (i.e., Coptic) population did not accede to the Council of Chalcedon, adhering instead to the Miaphysite Christology of the Oriental Orthodox communion, and became known as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. A small portion of the Church of Alexandria followed Chalcedonian Christology, and this became known as the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, since it used Greek as its liturgical language. Politically, the Greek Orthodox believers were loyal to the Eastern Roman emperor. They remained in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. After the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 7th century - which permanently separated the region from the Byzantine Empire - the Greek Orthodox became an isolated minority in the region, even among Christians, and the church has remained small for centuries."}
{"id": "doc2173325", "text": "The John Doe philosophy spreads across the country, developing into a broad grassroots movement whose simple slogan is, \"Be a better neighbor\". However, Norton secretly plans to channel support for Doe into support for his own national political ambitions. When a John Doe rally is scheduled, with John Doe clubs from throughout the country in attendance, Norton instructs Mitchell to write a speech for Willoughby in which he announces the foundation of a new political party and endorses Norton as its presidential candidate. On the night of the rally, Willoughby, who has come to believe in the John Doe philosophy himself, learns of Norton's treachery from a drunken Connell. He denounces Norton and tries to expose the plot at the rally, but Norton speaks first, exposing Doe as a fake and claiming to have been deceived, like everyone else, by the staff of the newspaper. Despondent at letting his now-angry followers down, Willoughby plans to commit suicide by jumping from the roof of the City Hall on Christmas Eve, as indicated in the original John Doe letter. Mitchell, who has fallen in love with Willoughby, desperately tries to talk him out of jumping (saying another John Doe has already died for the sake of humanity), and Hanson and his neighbors tell him of their plan to restart their John Doe club. Convinced not to kill himself, Willoughby leaves, carrying a fainted Mitchell in his arms, and Connell turns to Norton and says, \"There you are, Norton! The people! Try and lick that!\""}
{"id": "doc2173529", "text": "Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas is a 1997 American direct-to-video animated Christmas musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It takes place within the timeline of the 1991 film Beauty and the Beast."}
{"id": "doc2173539", "text": "Getting the tree would break Belle's promise never to leave the castle, but she wants to make Beast happy, so she agrees to go, taking Chip and Axe. Forte orders Fife \"to make sure they don't come back\". Beast is still waiting for Belle to show up, but Forte claims \"she's abandoned you!\" and feeds Beast's anger, trying to persuade him to forget her, but he races out anyway. In his anger, Beast destroys the decorations in the dining room where Angelique was and storms off outside to look for Belle, leaving Angelique hopeless. Meanwhile, Belle and the others look for a tree but Fife startles Phillipe on the ice, creating a chain reaction that leads to Belle nearly drowning, and being rescued by the furious Beast."}
{"id": "doc2173544", "text": "Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas was put on a direct-to-video release after Aladdin: The Return of Jafar and other sequels based on theatrical films were having success on the direct-to-video market. The film was the first product of a subsidiary of Walt Disney Television Animation's Toronto Studio, The studio was shut down in 2002 because of studio cutbacks. Animation coordination done by Walt Disney Television Animation's Sydney Studio and Wang Film Productions Co., Ltd. located in Xindian District, Taipei, Taiwan and Characters Builders."}
{"id": "doc2173547", "text": "The film was first released on VHS on November 11, 1997. It is the fourth highest grossing direct-to-video animated film, surpassing the $180 million mark. The film is right behind Aladdin and the King of Thieves at $186 million. A bare-bones DVD was released on October 13, 1998. Both editions were quickly taken out of print and the film remained unavailable until Disney released the Special Edition DVD and VHS on November 12, 2002, just after the studio released the original film's Special Edition DVD release. The new DVD featured a remake music video of the song \"As Long As There's Christmas\" by Play. Also featured was a game titled Forte's Challenge, a 10-minute behind-the-scenes featurette, Disney Song Selection, and Enchanted Environment, where it shows the Beast's Castle during the different seasons. The original film's Special Edition and this one's were taken out of print at the same time in January 2003. The Special Edition DVD and Blu-ray were re-released on November 22, 2011, following the release of the 'Diamond Edition' of the first film in the United Kingdom in Region 2 PAL format in November 2010. It was released in Region 4 Australia on November 3 with the same features on the original Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas DVD. The Blu-ray re-release was put into the Disney Vault along with other two films."}
{"id": "doc2173550", "text": "The original score and songs were composed by Rachel Portman with lyrics written by Don Black. The film's songs were recorded \"live\" with an orchestra and the cast in a room, similar to the first film. \"Stories\", sung by Paige O'Hara, is about what Belle will give the Beast for a Christmas: a story book, and is heavily based on the motif in the finale of Jean Sibelius' symphony no. 5. \"As Long As There's Christmas\", the theme of the film, is about finding hope during Christmas Time. The song was sung by the cast of the film with a back-up chorus and is sung when Belle and the enchanted objects redecorate the castle for Christmas."}
{"id": "doc2174234", "text": "Martin-Green:\n\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" by Whitney Houston\n\"Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)\" by Silent\u00f3"}
{"id": "doc2175230", "text": "Should a creditor wish to oppose the application, he must deliver opposing affidavits prior to the hearing of the application (although they may be accepted on the day, depending on the circumstances); the debtor may then deliver replying affidavits."}
{"id": "doc2175324", "text": "Also forming part of insolvent estate are liquor licenses and rights of action (not personal)."}
{"id": "doc2176004", "text": "In 1784, Lieutenant Henry Shrapnel of the Royal Artillery developed the shrapnel shell as an anti-personnel weapon. His innovation was to combine the multi-projectile shotgun effect of canister shot, with a time fuze to open the canister and disperse the bullets it contained at some distance along the canister's trajectory from the gun. His shell was a hollow cast-iron sphere filled with a mixture of balls and powder, with a crude time fuse. If the fuse was set correctly, then the shell would break open, either in front or above the intended target, releasing its contents (of musket balls). The shrapnel balls would carry on with the \"remaining velocity\" of the shell."}
{"id": "doc2178419", "text": "Queen Victoria was on the throne 20 June 1837 until her death 22 January, 1901."}
{"id": "doc2179022", "text": "Chris Jennings' Werewolf Curse, episode 627 to 700."}
{"id": "doc2179035", "text": "Chris Jennings's Werewolf Curse, episode 889 to 978."}
{"id": "doc2179144", "text": "The film was screened in the main competition section of the 74th Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2017,[3] and was released in the United States on May 18, 2018, by A24.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2179555", "text": "It consists of two episodes: Part One, based on The Sign of the Four (beginning), and Part Two, based on  A Scandal in Bohemia and The Sign of the Four (continuation and conclusion)[1]."}
{"id": "doc2180662", "text": "Principal photography on the film began late March 2016 in Atlanta, Georgia.[11] In early April, filming took place in Chicago, Illinois,[12] and after that production moved to Hiram, Georgia, where it shot from April 19 to June 1, 2016.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2181328", "text": "The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole, making it the \"Sovereign's public estate\", which is neither government property nor part of the monarch's private estate.[1][2][3][4] As a result of this arrangement, the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate, exercising only very limited control of its affairs.[5] Instead, the estate's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent, incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners, who exercise \"the powers of ownership\" of the estate, although they are not \"owners in their own right\".[1] The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty's Government in exchange for relief from the responsibility to fund the Civil Government[6] and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty's Treasury, for the benefit of the British nation.[1][7][8] The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign, a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons.[5][9]"}
{"id": "doc2181330", "text": "Historically, Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country. However, in 1760, George III surrendered control over the Estate's revenues to the treasury,[4] thus relieving him of the responsibility of paying for the costs of the civil service, defence costs, the national debt, and his own personal debts. In return, he received an annual grant known as the Civil List. By tradition, each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession. However, from 1 April 2012, under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 (SSG), the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate's annual net revenue (currently set at 15%). This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years. Subsequently, the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council.[2] The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate's ownership but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament."}
{"id": "doc2182012", "text": "The name sparked a trending topic on Twitter, which became one of the top trending hashtags worldwide.[7][8] Stirling Council also used the Twitter tag.[9] Rob Gibson, the Convener of the Scottish Parliamentary Environment Committee, was the first politician to use the term on national television.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2182044", "text": "The rhyme has varied very little since it was first collected by James Orchard Halliwell and published in 1842 with the lyrics:"}
{"id": "doc2182687", "text": "Great Purge: 681,692 to 1,704,230"}
{"id": "doc2183317", "text": "When transcription takes place on the heavy strand a polycistronic transcript is created. The light strand produces either small transcripts, which can be used as primers, or one long transcript. The production of primers occurs by processing of light strand transcripts with the Mitochondrial RNase MRP (Mitochondrial RNA Processing). The requirement of transcription to produce primers links the process of transcription to mtDNA replication. Full length transcripts are cut into functional tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA molecules.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2183793", "text": "The Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Spanish: Bas\u00edlica de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Guadalupe) is a Roman Catholic church, basilica and National shrine of Mexico in the north of Mexico City. The shrine was built near the hill of Tepeyac where Our Lady of Guadalupe is believed to have appeared to Saint Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin. This site is also known as La Villa de Guadalupe or, in a more popular sense, simply La Villa, as it has several churches and related buildings."}
{"id": "doc2184940", "text": "With a story loosely connected to the manga by Masamune Shirow, the film was written and directed by Ghost in the Shell director Mamoru Oshii. The film was honored best sci-fi film at the 2004 Nihon SF Taisho Awards and was in competition at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. The soundtrack for the film was released under the name Innocence O.S.T. and a related novel called Ghost in the Shell: Innocence - After the Long Goodbye was released on February 29, 2004. This film makes many allusions and references to other famous works, such as The Future Eve. The foreign DVD release of the film faced many issues ranging from licensing to audio."}
{"id": "doc2185118", "text": "Efforts leading to centralizing the economy was met with great resistance in West Pakistan when the elite monopolist and the business community angrily refused to oblige to his policies. The business community in Karachi began its political struggle to undermine any attempts of financial distribution of the US$10 million ICA aid to the better part of the East Pakistan and to set up a consolidated national shipping corporation. In the financial cities of West Pakistan, such as Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, and Peshawar, there were series of major labour strikes against the economic policies of Suhrawardy supported by the elite business community and the private sector."}
{"id": "doc2185165", "text": "Prime Minister Amin invited then-President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the Pakistan Peoples Party to take control of Pakistan. In a color ceremony where, Bhutto gave a daring speech to the nation on national television.[7] At the ceremony, Bhutto waved his fist in the air and pledged to his nation to never again allow the surrender of his country like what happened with East Pakistan. He launched and orchestrated the large-scale atomic bomb project in 1972.[9] In memorial of East Pakistan, the East-Pakistan diaspora in Pakistan established the East-Pakistan colony in Karachi, Sindh.[10] In accordance, the East-Pakistani diaspora also composed patriotic tributes to Pakistan after the war; songs such as Sohni Dharti (lit. Beautiful land) and Jeevay, Jeevay Pakistan (lit. long-live, long-live Pakistan), were composed by Bengali singer Shahnaz Rahmatullah in the 1970s and 1980s."}
{"id": "doc2185185", "text": "The 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the finals of the 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament and it determined the national champion for the 2012-13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 2013 National Championship Game was played on April 8, 2013 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, and featured the 2013 Midwest Regional Champions, #1-seeded Louisville, and the 2013 South Regional Champions, #4-seeded Michigan. Louisville's title was subsequently vacated by the NCAA on June 15, 2017 as the result of sex, stripper, and/or prostitution scandal related to both players on this team, as well as potential recruits. This decision was upheld on February 20, 2018.[1][2][3]"}
{"id": "doc2185363", "text": "Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal[8]"}
{"id": "doc2185553", "text": "With the emergence of television in the 1950s, producers spun out a large number of Western-oriented shows. At the height of their popularity in 1959, more than two dozen \"cowboy\" programs were on weekly. At least five others were connected to some extent with Wyatt Earp: Bat Masterson, Tombstone Territory, Broken Arrow, Johnny Ringo, and Gunsmoke.[60]"}
{"id": "doc2187649", "text": "I promise to do my best"}
{"id": "doc2187841", "text": "The Ballad Index by Robert B. Waltz and David G. Engle lists more than 20 recordings of the song from 1903 to 1940. [1]"}
{"id": "doc2188152", "text": "Since the 1960s and 1970s, when petroleum production peaked in many industrialized nations, a frequent topic of speculation among scholars has been when worldwide production will peak, as well as when and how the oil age will ultimately end. According to some definitions the age is defined as ending at the point where consumption outstrips the decreasing production making its use unprofitable or impossible."}
{"id": "doc2188384", "text": "Forty-three Representatives declined to seek re-election in 2016."}
{"id": "doc2190997", "text": "Bankruptcy is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, and the term bankruptcy is therefore not a synonym for insolvency. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, bankruptcy is limited to individuals, and other forms of insolvency proceedings (such as liquidation and administration) are applied to companies. In the United States, bankruptcy is applied more broadly to formal insolvency proceedings. In France, the cognate French word banqueroute is used solely for cases of fraudulent bankruptcy, whereas the term faillite (cognate of \"failure\") is used for bankruptcy in accordance with the law.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2191035", "text": "A consumer proposal can only be made by a debtor with debts to a maximum of $250,000 (not including the mortgage on their principal residence). If debts are greater than $250,000, the proposal must be filed under Division 1 of Part III of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. An Administrator is required in the Consumer Proposal, and a Trustee in the Division I Proposal (these are virtually the same although the terms are not interchangeable). A Proposal Administrator is almost always a licensed trustee in bankruptcy, although the Superintendent of Bankruptcy may appoint other people to serve as administrators."}
{"id": "doc2193668", "text": "Bruno is a male given name. It is derived from the Old High German word brun meaning Shield or Armor."}
{"id": "doc2193690", "text": "The first part of the Book of Enoch describes the fall of the Watchers, the angels who fathered the Nephilim. The remainder of the book describes Enoch's visits to heaven in the form of travels, visions and dreams, and his revelations."}
{"id": "doc2194194", "text": "Passenger railroad service to Daytona Beach was established no later than 1889 by the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Halifax River Railway, predecessor of the Florida East Coast Railroad (FEC).  Long distance trains such as the City of Miami (from Chicago), East Coast Champion (from New York City) and the Havana Special (New York City) made stops at Daytona Beach. Passenger trains continued calling at Daytona Beach till 1968, when the FEC terminated passenger operations system-wide. The FEC currently operates freight trains through Daytona Beach."}
{"id": "doc2195029", "text": "The arc length for a full period is \n\n\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\u03c0\n\n3\n\n/\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\u0393\n(\n1\n\n/\n\n4\n\n)\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n\n+\n\n\n\n\u0393\n(\n1\n\n/\n\n4\n\n)\n\n2\n\n\n\n\n2\n\u03c0\n\n\n\n=\n7.640395578\n\u2026\n\n\n{\\displaystyle {\\frac {4{\\sqrt {2}}\\,\\pi ^{3/2}}{\\Gamma (1/4)^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\Gamma (1/4)^{2}}{\\sqrt {2\\pi }}}=7.640395578\\ldots }\n\n where \n\n\n\n\u0393\n\n\n{\\displaystyle \\Gamma }\n\n is the Gamma function."}
{"id": "doc2195756", "text": "Prior to his marriage to Mariette, Von Neumann was baptized a Catholic in 1930.[44] Von Neumann's father, Max, had died in 1929. None of the family had converted to Christianity while Max was alive, but afterwards they all did.[45]"}
{"id": "doc2196547", "text": "In the beginning of the second verse, an army of hyenas is shown goose-stepping in front of Scar, who is perched on an overlooking cliff in resemblance of Adolf Hitler with upwards of 22 beams of light pointing straight-up (resembling the Cathedral of light featured in many of the Nuremberg Rallies). Shadows cast onto the cliff evoke for a brief second monumental columns. This is modeled after footage from the Leni Riefenstahl's Nazi propaganda movie Triumph of the Will.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2197028", "text": "Johnny's part is not heard on the next track, \"I'm Affected\", as reported by Johnny himself.[19] Joey admitted that he did not favor the song, recalling: \"I couldn't believe how awful it sounded. It was horrible.\"[17] \"Danny Says\", the third track, was a lyrical depiction of what the band constantly went through while touring\u00e2\u20ac\u201dsoundchecks, autograph sessions, interviews, etc. The title \"Danny Says\" refers to the band's tour manager Danny Fields giving the members instructions, schedules, and demands. According to Joey, the ballad was inspired by Lou Reed, who had released the songs \"Candy Says\" and \"Caroline Says\".[6][20] Joey's brother Mickey Leigh called the song a \"masterpiece\" and said it \"remains one of the most captivatingly beautiful songs I've ever heard.\"[18]"}
{"id": "doc2197609", "text": "North fa\u00e7ade of the Grande Arche de la D\u00e9fense"}
{"id": "doc2199303", "text": "The 25-episode series premiered on April 4, 2016,[b] with an extended 50-minute first episode. It was broadcast on TV Tokyo, TV Osaka, TV Aichi, and AT-X.[47][48] The series was simulcast by Crunchyroll.[49]  Episode 18 ran 2 minutes longer than a typical anime episode, clocking at 25 minutes and 45 seconds.[50] The final episode ran 4 minutes longer, clocking at 27 minutes and 15 seconds."}
{"id": "doc2199352", "text": "Film studios are located in Shelby, Raleigh, Durham, Charlotte, Asheville, Wilmington, and Winston-Salem. Wilmington is the home of EUE Screen Gems Studios, the largest domestic television and film production facility outside of California. \"Dream Stage 10,\" the facility's newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the US. It houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America. Since the studio's opening in 1984, Wilmington has become a major center of American film and television production with more than 300 productions under its belt. Some of the best-known films and television series filmed in the state include: Forrest Gump, Bull Durham, Richie Rich, Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood, All the Real Girls, The Secret Life of Bees, Being There, Blue Velvet, A Walk to Remember, Glory, The Color Purple, Cabin Fever, Super Mario Bros., Cape Fear, Children of the Corn, The Crow, Cyborg, Dawson's Creek, Dirty Dancing, Evil Dead II, The Fugitive, The Green Mile, Hannibal, The Last of the Mohicans, Maximum Overdrive, Nell, One Tree Hill, Patch Adams, Junebug, Shallow Hal, Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III, Leatherheads, Nights in Rodanthe and 28 Days. Half of Stephen King's films were filmed in North Carolina."}
{"id": "doc2200122", "text": "Kennings remain somewhat common in German (Drahtesel \"wire-donkey\" for bike, Feuerstuhl \"fire-chair\" for motorcycle, and so on)."}
{"id": "doc2200447", "text": "Taylor's long-term role on Gunsmoke was not his first role in a weekly series. In the preceding 1966\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1967 season, he starred in 10 episodes as John \"Brad\" Bradford, along with Michael Anderson, Jr. and Barbara Hershey in ABC's The Monroes, the story of an orphaned family trying to survive in the Wyoming wilderness.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2201683", "text": "This program would output \"Hello, world!\" followed by a newline and standard output stream buffer flush."}
{"id": "doc2202499", "text": "The rotation axis of the Earth describes, over a period of 25,700 years, a small circle (blue) among the stars, centered on the ecliptic north pole (the blue E) and with an angular radius of about 23.4\u00c2\u00b0, an angle known as the obliquity of the ecliptic. The direction of precession is opposite to the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis. The orange axis was the Earth's rotation axis 5,000 years ago, when it pointed to the star Thuban. The yellow axis, pointing to Polaris, marks the axis now."}
{"id": "doc2202506", "text": "The Earth is not a perfect sphere but an oblate spheroid, with an equatorial diameter about 43 kilometers larger than its polar diameter. Because of the Earth's axial tilt, during most of the year the half of this bulge that is closest to the Sun is off-center, either to the north or to the south, and the far half is off-center on the opposite side. The gravitational pull on the closer half is stronger, since gravity decreases with distance, so this creates a small torque on the Earth as the Sun pulls harder on one side of the Earth than the other. The axis of this torque is roughly perpendicular to the axis of the Earth's rotation so the axis of rotation precesses. If the Earth were a perfect sphere, there would be no precession."}
{"id": "doc2202523", "text": "Simon Newcomb's calculation at the end of the 19th century for general precession (p) in longitude gave a value of 5,025.64 arcseconds per tropical century, and was the generally accepted value until artificial satellites delivered more accurate observations and electronic computers allowed more elaborate models to be calculated. Lieske developed an updated theory in 1976, where p equals 5,029.0966 arcseconds per Julian century. Modern techniques such as VLBI and LLR allowed further refinements, and the International Astronomical Union adopted a new constant value in 2000, and new computation methods and polynomial expressions in 2003 and 2006; the accumulated precession is:[26]"}
{"id": "doc2202835", "text": "The origins of the Wallace surname and its association with southwest Scotland are also far from certain, other than the name's being derived from the Old English wylisc (pronounced \"wullish\"), meaning \"foreigner\" or \"Welshman\". It is possible that all the Wallaces in the Clyde area were medieval immigrants from Wales, but as the term was also used for local Cumbric-speaking Strathclyde Welsh, it seems equally likely that the surname refers to people who were seen as being \"Welsh\" due to their Cumbric language.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2203108", "text": "An angel is generally a supernatural being found in various religions and mythologies. In Abrahamic religions and Zoroastrianism, angels are often depicted as benevolent celestial beings who act as intermediaries between God or Heaven and Earth.[1][2] Other roles of angels include protecting and guiding human beings, and carrying out God's tasks.[3] Within Abrahamic religions, angels are often organized into hierarchies, although such rankings may vary between sects in each religion, and are given specific names or titles, such as Gabriel or \"Destroying angel\". The term \"angel\" has also been expanded to various notions of spirits or figures found in other religious traditions. The theological study of angels is known as \"angelology\"."}
{"id": "doc2203117", "text": "In Daniel 7, Daniel receives a dream-vision from God. [...] As Daniel watches, the Ancient of Days takes his seat on the throne of heaven and sits in judgement in the midst of the heavenly court [...] an [angel] like a son of man approaches the Ancient One in the clouds of heaven and is given everlasting kingship.[25]"}
{"id": "doc2203142", "text": "Adherents of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) view angels as the messengers of God. They are sent to mankind to deliver messages, minister to humanity, teach doctrines of salvation, call mankind to repentance, give priesthood keys, save individuals in perilous times, and guide humankind.[61]"}
{"id": "doc2203152", "text": "In his Book of Certitude Bah\u00e1'u'll\u00e1h, founder of the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, describes angels as people who \"have consumed, with the fire of the love of God, all human traits and limitations\", and have \"clothed themselves\" with angelic attributes and have become \"endowed with the attributes of the spiritual\". 'Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 describes angels as the \"confirmations of God and His celestial powers\" and as \"blessed beings who have severed all ties with this nether world\" and \"been released from the chains of self\", and \"revealers of God's abounding grace\". The Bah\u00e1'\u00ed writings also refer to the Concourse on High, an angelic host, and the Maid of Heaven of Bah\u00e1'u'll\u00e1h's vision.[75]"}
{"id": "doc2203239", "text": "\u00b0\n\n\n\nP\n=\n(\n463\n\u2212\n205\nS\n)\n(\nS\n\u2212\n1\n)\n\n\n{\\displaystyle P=(463-205S)(S-1)}"}
{"id": "doc2203479", "text": "The Newgate cant in which the song was written was a colloquial slang of 18th-century Dublin, similar to the thieves' cant still used in London (an example of the London use is seen in the 1998 film Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels). This is only one of a group of execution songs written in Newgate Cant or slang style somewhere around 1780, others being The Kilmainham Minuet, Luke Caffrey's Ghost and Larry's Ghost, which, as promised in the seventh verse, \"comes in a sheet to sweet Molly\".[4]"}
{"id": "doc2203841", "text": "In his Discourse on the Method, he attempts to arrive at a fundamental set of principles that one can know as true without any doubt. To achieve this, he employs a method called hyperbolical/metaphysical doubt, also sometimes referred to as methodological scepticism: he rejects any ideas that can be doubted and then re-establishes them in order to acquire a firm foundation for genuine knowledge.[89] Descartes built his ideas from scratch. He relates this to architecture: the top soil is taken away to create a new building or structure. Descartes calls his doubt the soil and new knowledge the buildings. To Descartes, Aristotle's foundationalism is incomplete and his method of doubt enhances foundationalism.[65]"}
{"id": "doc2204719", "text": "In 2010, she was a series regular in the ABC drama Happy Town, portraying the character Rachel Conroy. That same year, she starred in the season-one finale of the Fox series Human Target, as the mysterious Katherine Walters. On May 25, 2010, she appeared on CBS's The Good Wife. She appeared in the horror movie The Cabin in the Woods, released April 13, 2012. In 2012, she made guest performances in Warehouse 13, Once Upon A Time, and Grimm. In 2012, she starred as Beatrice in Joss Whedon's Much Ado About Nothing."}
{"id": "doc2205282", "text": "By 1869 Americans were reading John Wesley Powell's reports of his explorations of the Colorado River. In 1901, the Santa Fe Railroad[19] reached Grand Canyon's South Rim. With railroad, restaurant and hotel entrepreneur Fred Harvey leading the way, large-scale tourism began that has never abated.[20] The Grand Canyon has become an iconic symbol of the West and the nation as a whole.[21]"}
{"id": "doc2206387", "text": "Gleason would begin his monologue each week and be surprised by the flamboyant jackets worn by bandleader Sammy Spear. (Beholding Spear's animal-print blazer, Gleason quipped, \"I've heard of Tiger Rag, but this is ridiculous!\") Ralph Kramden, Reggie Van Gleason, the Poor Soul, and the rest of Gleason's comic characters were regular attractions. Frank Fontaine, as bug-eyed, grinning \"Crazy\" Guggenheim, starred in the Joe the Bartender skits, delighting fans with his nutty speaking voice and goofy laugh, and charmed by his surprisingly mellow singing voice. June Taylor's chorus girl routines revived for the television generation the aerial pattern kaleidoscope formations made famous on film by Busby Berkeley. During this time, Gleason's show finished #17 for the 1962\u20131963 season, #15 for 1963\u20131964, #21 in 1964\u20131965 and #24 in 1965\u20131966.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2206589", "text": "European Cup / UEFA Champions League"}
{"id": "doc2206639", "text": "The earth as a whole is a round sphere whose center is the center of the world. It is stationary in its [the world's] middle, fixed in it and not moving in any direction nor moving with any of the varieties of motion, but always at rest.[90]"}
{"id": "doc2206799", "text": "In 2001, Pennsylvania Hospital celebrated its 250th anniversary."}
{"id": "doc2208710", "text": "It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2018.[7] It also screened at Fantastic Fest on September 22, 2018.[8][9] It was released on September 28, 2018.[10]"}
{"id": "doc2209653", "text": "However, the courts have had difficulty in defining appropriate principles for cases where trusts are declared over property that many people have an interest in.[66] This is especially true where the person who possesses that property has gone insolvent.[67] In Re Kayford Ltd[68] a mail order business went insolvent and customers who had paid for goods wanted their money back. Megarry J held that because Kayford Ltd had put its money in a separate account the money was held on trust, and so the customers were not unsecured creditors. By contrast in Re London Wine Co (Shippers) Ltd[69] Oliver J held that customers who had bought wine bottles were not entitled to take their wine because no particular bottles had been identified for a trust to arise. A similar view was expressed by the Privy Council in Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd,[70] where the customers of an insolvent gold bullion reserve business were told that they never had been given particular gold bars, and so were unsecured creditors. These decisions were said to be motivated by the desire to not undermine the statutory priority system in insolvency, although it is not entirely clear why those policy reasons extended to consumers who are usually seen as \"non-adjusting\" creditors.[71] However, in the leading Court of Appeal decision, Hunter v Moss,[72] there was no insolvency issue. There, Moss had declared himself to be a trustee of 50 out of 950 shares he held in a company, and Hunter sought to enforce this declaration. Dillon LJ held that it did not matter that the 50 particular shares had not been identified or isolated, and they were held on trust.[73] The same result was reached, however, in an insolvency decision by Neuberger J in the High Court, called Re Harvard Securities Ltd,[74] where clients of a brokerage company were held to have had an equitable property interest in share capital held for them as a nominee. The view that appears to have been adopted is that if assets are \"fungible\" (i.e. swapping them with other will not make much difference) a declaration of trust can be made, so long as the purpose of the statutory priority rules in insolvency are not compromised.[75]"}
{"id": "doc2210110", "text": "In August 2000, local government reforms abolished the \"Division\" as an administrative tier and introduced a system of local government councils, with the first elections held in 2001. Following that there was radical restructuring of the local government system to implement \"the principle of subsidiarity, whereby all functions that can be effectively performed at the local level are transferred to that level\". This meant devolution of many functions, to districts and tehsils, which were previously handled at the provincial and divisional levels. At abolition, there were twenty-six divisions in Pakistan proper \u00e2\u20ac\u201c five in Sindh, six in Balochistan, seven in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and eight in Punjab. Abolition did not affect the two divisions of Azad Kashmir, which form the second tier of government."}
{"id": "doc2212258", "text": "^Note 1\u00c2\u00a0: Age at the time of filming."}
{"id": "doc2212269", "text": "Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, along with the Twelfth and Twentieth Amendments govern the election of the U.S. President. The procedure is also regulated by federal and state laws. Under federal Law, the presidential electors (the members of the Electoral College) must be \"appointed, in each state, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in every fourth year\". Thus, all states appoint their electors on the same date, in November, once every four years. However, the manner of appointment of the electors is determined by the law of each State."}
{"id": "doc2212270", "text": "Currently, in every state, an election by the people is the method employed for the choice of the members of the Electoral College; however, any state remains free to change its manner of appointing its slate of members of the Electoral College, so that the law of a state could, for instance, prescribe election by the state legislature, or even choice by the state's governor, as the manner of appointment of the electors representing the state. In spite of that theoretical possibility, a popular election in each state is the established method of selection of the members of the Electoral College, and given that all the statewide elections happen on the same date, the simultaneous elections resemble a national general election."}
{"id": "doc2214893", "text": "The Prime Minister heads the cabinet, which consists of 31 MPs from the ruling coalition, which make up the government. The current prime minister is Peter O'Neill. The unicameral National Parliament has 111 seats, of which 22 are occupied by the governors of the 22 provinces and the National Capital District (NCD). Candidates for members of parliament are voted upon when the prime minister asks the governor-general to call a national election, a maximum of five years after the previous national election."}
{"id": "doc2215170", "text": "Scientific research involves using the scientific method, which seeks to objectively explain the events of nature in a reproducible way.[g] An explanatory thought experiment or hypothesis is put forward as explanation using principles such as parsimony (also known as \"Occam's Razor\") and are generally expected to seek consilience\u00a0\u2013 fitting well with other accepted facts related to the phenomena.[100] This new explanation is used to make falsifiable predictions that are testable by experiment or observation. The predictions are to be posted before a confirming experiment or observation is sought, as proof that no tampering has occurred. Disproof of a prediction is evidence of progress.[h][i] This is done partly through observation of natural phenomena, but also through experimentation that tries to simulate natural events under controlled conditions as appropriate to the discipline (in the observational sciences, such as astronomy or geology, a predicted observation might take the place of a controlled experiment). Experimentation is especially important in science to help establish causal relationships (to avoid the correlation fallacy)."}
{"id": "doc2215178", "text": "There are different schools of thought in philosophy of science. The most popular position is empiricism,[k] which holds that knowledge is created by a process involving observation and that scientific theories are the result of generalizations from such observations.[113] Empiricism generally encompasses inductivism, a position that tries to explain the way general theories can be justified by the finite number of observations humans can make and hence the finite amount of empirical evidence available to confirm scientific theories. This is necessary because the number of predictions those theories make is infinite, which means that they cannot be known from the finite amount of evidence using deductive logic only. Many versions of empiricism exist, with the predominant ones being Bayesianism[114] and the hypothetico-deductive method.[115]:236"}
{"id": "doc2215182", "text": "Finally, another approach often cited in debates of scientific skepticism against controversial movements like \"creation science\" is methodological naturalism. Its main point is that a difference between natural and supernatural explanations should be made and that science should be restricted methodologically to natural explanations.[l] That the restriction is merely methodological (rather than ontological) means that science should not consider supernatural explanations itself, but should not claim them to be wrong either. Instead, supernatural explanations should be left a matter of personal belief outside the scope of science. Methodological naturalism maintains that proper science requires strict adherence to empirical study and independent verification as a process for properly developing and evaluating explanations for observable phenomena.[122] The absence of these standards, arguments from authority, biased observational studies and other common fallacies are frequently cited by supporters of methodological naturalism as characteristic of the non-science they criticize."}
{"id": "doc2215587", "text": "Order: Charadriiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Jacanidae"}
{"id": "doc2215663", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Acrocephalidae"}
{"id": "doc2215664", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Phylloscopidae"}
{"id": "doc2215670", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Monarchidae"}
{"id": "doc2216399", "text": "Thomas F. Wilson as Tony Zucco"}
{"id": "doc2217346", "text": "Jacobs is a patronymic medieval surname.  Its origin is from the given name Jacob, derived from the Latin Jacobus, itself derived from the Hebrew language personal name Yaakov, from the Hebrew word akev (\"heel\").  It is a common in English speaking countries.  There are many variant spellings. The first record of the surname is in 1244 in the \"Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia\".[1]\nJacobs is also an ancient Anglo-Saxon surname that came from the baptismal name Jacob. The surname Jacobs referred to the son of Jacob which belongs to the category of patronymic surnames. \nPeople with the surname Jacobs include:"}
{"id": "doc2217446", "text": "Arginine phosphorylation in many Gram-positive bacteria marks proteins for degradation by a Clp protease.[12]"}
{"id": "doc2217711", "text": "The city that would become Peshawar, called Puru\u00e1\u00b9\u00a3apura, was actually founded by the Kushans, a Central Asian tribe, over 2,000 years ago. Prior to this period the region was affiliated with Gandhara and was annexed first by the Persian Achaemenid Empire and then the Hellenic empire of Alexander the Great. The city passed into the rule of Alexander's successor, Seleucus I Nicator who ceded it to Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Indian Maurya Empire. The inhabitants of Peshewar were mostly Hindu and Buddhist before the arrival of Islam and Christianity. The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides I (c. 170 - c. 159 BCE), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian kings. It was later held for some time by several Indo-Parthian kings, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, was still ruling c. 46 CE, and was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants before they were displaced by the first of the \"Great Kushans\", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century."}
{"id": "doc2217712", "text": "Peshawar formed the eastern capital of the empire of Gandhara under the Kushan emperor Kanishka I who reigned from at least 127 CE and, perhaps, for a few years prior to this. Peshawar also became a great centre of Buddhist learning."}
{"id": "doc2217863", "text": "\"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\" is the first solo song written by Michael Jackson, although \"Blues Away\" had been released in 1976."}
{"id": "doc2222024", "text": "Pakistan\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s population has grown rapidly from around 30 million in 1947 to over 130 million in 1996. The rate of annual growth has averaged 3 percent since 1960."}
{"id": "doc2222693", "text": "Filming took place between May 2005 and November 2005.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2223012", "text": "The search for meaningful origins for familiar or strange words is far older than the modern understanding of linguistic evolution and the relationships of languages, which began no earlier than the 18th century. From Antiquity through the 17th century, from P\u0101\u1e47ini to Pindar to Sir Thomas Browne, etymology had been a form of witty wordplay, in which the supposed origins of words were changed to satisfy contemporary requirements.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2223580", "text": "However, Darwinism is also used neutrally within the scientific community to distinguish the modern evolutionary synthesis, sometimes called \"neo-Darwinism,\" from those first proposed by Darwin. Darwinism also is used neutrally by historians to differentiate his theory from other evolutionary theories current around the same period. For example, Darwinism may be used to refer to Darwin's proposed mechanism of natural selection, in comparison to more recent mechanisms such as genetic drift and gene flow. It may also refer specifically to the role of Charles Darwin as opposed to others in the history of evolutionary thought\u00e2\u20ac\u201dparticularly contrasting Darwin's results with those of earlier theories such as Lamarckism or later ones such as the modern evolutionary synthesis."}
{"id": "doc2223873", "text": "Diane (Joe's first girlfriend)"}
{"id": "doc2224155", "text": "(appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the Senate)"}
{"id": "doc2224204", "text": "Filming outside the studio occurred at the Village Inn Resort in Monte Rio on the Russian River, in Sonoma County, California.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2225375", "text": "To the north:"}
{"id": "doc2225959", "text": "It is believed that the settlement was founded in the 6th century AD by Focko, a Bavarian nobleman. The Austrian region during this century was mostly under the domain of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths, and was populated by a mix of Christians and Pagans. The existence of the village was documented for the first time in 1070, and historical records show that some twenty years later, the lord was recorded in Latin as Adalpertus de Fucingin. The spelling of the name has evolved over the years; it is first recorded in historical sources with the spelling as Vucchingen in 1070, Fukching in 1303,[6] Fugkhing in 1532, and in the modern spelling Fucking in the 18th century,[7] which is pronounced with the vowel oo as in book.[8] The ending -ing is an old Germanic suffix indicating the people belonging to the root word to which it is attached, thus Fucking means \"(place of) Focko's people.\"[9]"}
{"id": "doc2230176", "text": "CSX Transportation tracks in Clearwater, Florida, in the Jacksonville Division"}
{"id": "doc2233735", "text": "John Lindow points to a parallel between Bifr\u00f6st, which he notes is \"a bridge between earth and heaven, or earth and the world of the gods\", and the bridge Gjallarbr\u00fa, \"a bridge between earth and the underworld, or earth and the world of the dead.\"[16] Several scholars have proposed that Bifr\u00f6st may represent the Milky Way.[17]"}
{"id": "doc2234151", "text": "Steven Spielberg traveled around the world to find an actual airport that would let him film for the length of the production, but could not find one. The Terminal set was built in a massive hangar at the LA/Palmdale Regional Airport. The hangar, part of the U.S. Air Force Plant 42 complex was used to build the Rockwell International B-1B bomber. The set was built to full earthquake construction codes and was based on D\u00fcsseldorf Airport. The shape of both the actual terminal and the set viewed sideways is a cross section of an aircraft wing. The design of the set for The Terminal, as noted by Roger Ebert in his reviews and attested by Spielberg himself in a feature by Empire magazine, was greatly inspired by Jacques Tati's classic film PlayTime. Hanks based his characterization of Viktor Navorsky on his father-in-law Allan Wilson, a Bulgarian immigrant, who according to Hanks can speak \"Russian, Turkish, Polish, Greek, little bit of Italian, little bit of French\", in addition to his native Bulgarian.[6] Hanks also had some help from a Bulgarian translator named Peter Budevski.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2234638", "text": "In 1871, U.S. railroad entrepreneur Henry Meiggs signed a contract with the government of Costa Rica to build a railroad connecting the capital city of San Jos\u00e9 to the port of Lim\u00f3n in the Caribbean. Meiggs was assisted in the project by his young nephew Minor C. Keith, who took over Meiggs's business concerns in Costa Rica after his death in 1877. Keith began experimenting with the planting of bananas as a cheap source of food for his workers.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2235407", "text": "After returning he meets a young Wiccan named Nyx. With her help he regains his suit, though he remains weaker than before due to still having a human form. However, Mammon tricks and betrays Nyx and usurps her control over Spawn's union with his suit, removing all of Spawn's past memories in the process. With no memory, Spawn wanders the Earth, and during this time releases a group of angels who are called the Forgotten and take no sides in the war between Heaven and Hell. He discovers that Mammon is a member of the Fallen who was sent to Hell."}
{"id": "doc2236121", "text": "Genes encoding ribosomal RNA and spacers occur in tandem repeats that are thousands of copies long, each separated by regions of non-transcribed DNA termed intergenic spacer (IGS) or non-transcribed spacer (NTS)."}
{"id": "doc2236863", "text": "The 1880 Dodge City census shows that, at that time, Masterson was living with Annie Ladue, age 19 (described as his \"concubine\"). City Marshal James Masterson, Bat's younger brother, was listed on the same census as living with Minnie Roberts, age 16. Not long after this census was taken, Bat Masterson received a telegram from Ben Thompson asking Bat to save Ben's troublesome brother, Billy Thompson, from almost certain lynching in Ogallala, Nebraska. Billy Thompson had shot the thumb off a man named Tucker, who, despite missing a digit, managed to fire back and seriously wound Billy. Masterson took Billy Thompson out of Ogallala by a midnight train bound for North Platte, Nebraska. In North Platte, Masterson was provided with assistance by William F. \"Buffalo Bill\" Cody, who promptly offered to help. According to Masterson, he and Billy Thompson \"were given a royal welcome and were immediately taken in charge by Colonel Cody, who found a safe place for us to remain until he could outfit us for the trip across the country to Dodge City.\"[11] This episode was reported in the Dodge City Times, which noted that \"W.B. Masterson arrived from a visit to Ogallala, this week. He says Nebraska is dry and many people are leaving the state. He came by wagon, and was accompanied by 'Texas Billy' Thompson. The latter has recovered from his wounds.\"[12]"}
{"id": "doc2236865", "text": "Masterson arrived in Dodge City on April 16, 1881,[4]:442 where he accosted Updegraff and Peacock. Recognizing Masterson, Updegraff and Peacock retreated behind the jail and exchanged gunfire with him. Who had fired first is not clear. Citizens ran for cover as bullets ripped through the Long Branch Saloon. Other individuals began firing in support of both sides until Updegraff was wounded. Mayor A.B. Webster arrested Masterson. Afterward, Masterson learned that his brother Jim was not in danger. Updegraff recovered from his wounds, but the shooter who hit him could not be identified, so Masterson was fined $8.00 and released.[4]:206 Citizens were outraged and warrants were issued, but Bat and Jim Masterson were permitted to leave Dodge City.[4]:210"}
{"id": "doc2237673", "text": "Tooth Fairy is a 2010 Canadian-American fantasy comedy family film directed by Michael Lembeck, produced by Jim Piddock, Jason Blum, Mark Ciardi and Gordon Gray, written by Lowell Ganz, Babaloo Mandel, Randi Mayem Singer, Joshua Sternin and Jeffrey Ventimilia with music by George S. Clinton and starring Dwayne Johnson, Stephen Merchant, Ashley Judd, and Julie Andrews. Filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, it was co-produced by Walden Media and distributed and theatrically released by 20th Century Fox on January 22, 2010. The movie was given a negative reception from critics but it earned $112.5 million on a $48 million budget and was a success at the box office. Tooth Fairy was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc/DVD/Digital copy combination pack on May 4, 2010. Tooth Fairy was followed up by a sequel, starring Larry the Cable Guy as the title character.[3] Directed by Alex Zamm,[4] Tooth Fairy 2 had a direct-to-video release on March 6, 2012.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2240268", "text": "The song's spare, bass-driven arrangement helped to pioneer what one critic called \"sleek, post-soul pop music\".[1] It also introduced a more paranoid lyrical style for Jackson, which would became a trademark of his later music. The choreography and costume that Jackson adopted for performances of \"Billie Jean\" would become widely admired and imitated. He premiered them on the TV special Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, which aired in May 1983; his performance of \"Billie Jean\" won great acclaim, and was nominated for an Emmy Award. That performance introduced a number of elements which would become indelibly associated with Jackson, including the moonwalk dance move and wearing a single white sequined glove."}
{"id": "doc2240281", "text": "Jon Anderson has recalled how the 1981 album The Friends of Mr Cairo, which he produced with composer Vangelis inspired Thriller, and specifically \"Billie Jean\". \"They took the riff and made it funky for Billie Jean. Quincy said he'd been recording our song \"State of Independence\" with Donna Summer, and I said he had an incredible guy singing backing vocals. He said, 'That guy was Michael \u00e2\u20ac\u201c we were both digging your album.' So that's kinda cool, that cross-pollination in music.\"[21]"}
{"id": "doc2240289", "text": "The music video is featured on the DVDs Video Greatest Hits \u2013 HIStory, Number Ones, on the bonus DVD of Thriller 25 and Michael Jackson's Vision."}
{"id": "doc2240291", "text": "Following performances by Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson, and Mary Wells, The Jacksons took to the stage to sing a medley of their early 1970s hits. Jermaine Jackson was on stage with the group, marking the first time that the original Jackson 5 lineup had performed together since they left Motown in 1975. Michael Jackson wore black pants, leather penny loafers, a black sequined jacket, and a single white rhinestone glove. After the group finished with \"I'll Be There\", they left Michael alone on stage. He addressed the audience, and then \"Billie Jean\" started playing. (Jackson lip-synced the entire song, because organizers feared that the evening's backing band could not replicate the sound of the recording.)[47] To begin his performance, Jackson snapped a fedora to his head and struck a pose\u2014his right hand on his hat and his left leg bent. During an instrumental interlude, the singer executed a move that many believe sealed his status as a pop icon.[48][49] Jackson glided backwards to perform the moonwalk, before he spun on his heels and landed en pointe.[46] It was the first time Jackson had performed the moonwalk in public; he had practiced it in his kitchen prior to the show.[50]"}
{"id": "doc2240293", "text": "Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever was watched by 50 million people and Jackson's routine earned him an Emmy nomination.[52][53] With the performance, Jackson reached a new audience and increased the sales of Thriller, which eventually became the best-selling album of all-time.[50] The day after the show aired, Jackson was called by his childhood idol Fred Astaire, who commended the singer. Another childhood idol, Sammy Davis, Jr., had admired Jackson's black sequined jacket during the performance and later received it as a gift.[50]"}
{"id": "doc2240923", "text": "After Gray's brief work on the Annie Oakley series, Warner Bros. in 1953 cast Gray as Wesley Winfield in By the Light of the Silvery Moon, a sequel to On Moonlight Bay (1951) in which Gray had played the role of the same Wesley Winfield.[6] He appeared as Alan in the 1953 episode \"Shot in the Dark\" of the Adventures of Superman, starring George Reeves. In that episode's plot, the character Alan takes a photograph of Superman that could expose the hero's secret identity.[2] Also in 1953 Billy Gray appeared in \"The Girl Next Door\" as Dan Dailey's son Joe Carter. In 1953 Billy Gray appeared in \"All I Desire\" as Barbara Stanwyck's son Ted Murdoch."}
{"id": "doc2241404", "text": "In 1903, C. Lloyd Morgan published Morgan's Canon, a specialised form of Occam's razor used in ethology, in which he stated:[17][18]"}
{"id": "doc2241931", "text": "Table 1.0 depicts the changes of focus in planning over the last 300 years in Australia, which has evolved from an amenity and resource use focus to an integrated approach which espouses the stewardship of natural systems for the continued long term viability of both human and natural systems."}
{"id": "doc2241953", "text": "Veronica learns that there may be a connection to a fraternity, and Wallace (Percy Daggs III) informs her that it is the secret society for which he is being recruited, the Castle. Wallace tells her that the equipment used to tape him was similar to that which was used to film Veronica and Piz. He starts to go through initiation with the group in order to ascertain the members' identities for Veronica. The members make him go into a room and ask him very personal questions, electrically shocking him if he answers untruthfully. When they find out that Veronica has sent Wallace, they forcibly remove him, but he is able to figure out the identity of one of the other recruits. Veronica sneaks into the house of the recruit Wallace names and sees a large portrait of Lilly Kane (Amanda Seyfried). She hears voices and hides behind a curtain before two men emerge. They speak about the Castle, and Veronica discovers that one of them is Jake Kane. After they leave, Veronica steals his computers. Keith investigates the robbery the following day, spotting Veronica on surveillance cameras; however, he does not initially report his daughter. Veronica asks Mac (Tina Majorino) whether any computer could crack Jake's password, and she is taken to a supercomputer on campus."}
{"id": "doc2244717", "text": "The explosive growth of the region in the 20th century can be attributed to its favorable Mediterranean climate, the availability of land and many booming industries such as oil, automobile and rubber, motion pictures and aerospace which in turn attracted millions of people from all over the United States and world.[citation needed] Citrus production was important to the region's development in the earlier part of the 20th century.[37]"}
{"id": "doc2245577", "text": "Order: Galliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Odontophoridae"}
{"id": "doc2245655", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Laniidae"}
{"id": "doc2245681", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Mimidae"}
{"id": "doc2245689", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Passeridae"}
{"id": "doc2245700", "text": "This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017."}
{"id": "doc2245725", "text": "\""}
{"id": "doc2246484", "text": "In 2004, Hunter starred alongside Brittany Murphy in the romantic satire Little Black Book, and the same year she voiced Helen Parr aka Elastigirl in the action animation superhero film The Incredibles, where she has also voiced her in the Disney Infinity video game series, she will reprise the role again in the upcoming 2018 sequel. In 2005, Hunter starred alongside Robin Williams in the black comedy-drama The Big White."}
{"id": "doc2247113", "text": "Ralph Byrd, who had played the square-jawed sleuth in all four Republic movie serials, and in two of the RKO feature-length films, reprised his role in a short-lived live-action Dick Tracy series that ran on ABC from 1950 to 1951. Additional episodes intended for first-run syndication continued to be produced into 1952. Produced by P. K. Palmer, who also wrote many of the scripts, the series often featured Gould-created villains such as Flattop, Shaky, the Mole, Breathless Mahoney, Heels Beals, and Influence, all of whom appeared on film for the first time on this series. Other cast members included Joe Devlin as Sam Catchem, Angela Greene as Tess Tracy (n\u00c3\u00a9e Trueheart), Martin Dean as Junior, and Pierre Watkin as Chief Patton. Criticized for its violence, the series remained popular. It ended, not in response to criticism, but because of Byrd's unexpected, premature death in 1952. The series was filmed on a low budget, with many long hours and a rushed shooting schedule. Many episodes of this series have been released on various Public Domain TV Detective DVD sets."}
{"id": "doc2248924", "text": "Duke of Edinburgh, named after the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, is a substantive title that has been created four times for members of the British royal family since 1726. The current holder is the Prince Philip, consort to Queen Elizabeth II."}
{"id": "doc2249507", "text": "Broadcast on May 6, 1997, in the United States, \"Mother's Day\" was one of several half-hour specials that Nickelodeon commissioned for Rugrats. The episode was featured on the 1998 VHS release Rugrats: Mommy Mania, and was later made available for digital download along with the rest of the fourth season. \"Mother's Day\" was praised by critics and has been the subject of several retrospective reviews for its treatment of the death of a parent. It was also praised for its positive representation of breastfeeding and expansion on the definition of motherhood. It won the CableACE Award for Writing a Children's Special or Series, and was nominated for the Humanitas Prize for the Children's Animation Category. The series received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program for the 49th Primetime Emmy Awards after Nickelodeon submitted \"Mother's Day\" for consideration."}
{"id": "doc2250120", "text": "Monk gets involved in the investigation following Dr. Nash's death and is able to uncover evidence at the crime scene linking back to Kazarinski. Rickover finds out about this when Stottlemeyer comes over to his house to sign a warrant to search Kazarinski's premises. Fearing that Monk's involvement in the investigation may ultimately lead back to him, Rickover orders Kazarinski to kill Monk as well. Kazarinski poisons Monk's wipes with a ricin-based synthetic poison that will kill him in a period of two or three days. When Kazarinski gets hit by a train and dies while being chased by Stottlemeyer through a yard, Rickover thinks himself to be cleared of any suspicion. Unbeknownst to him, the day before Trudy was killed, she made a video message to Adrian, explaining how Rickover wanted to meet her in that parking garage, and also mentioning the secret affair."}
{"id": "doc2251710", "text": "Jess Warner (Georgia Chara) (seasons 2-3) was an inmate at Wentworth. Jess was serving a five-year sentence for the murder of a baby. Jess' records were sealed due to the nature of her crime, which led Bea Smith to believe that she was the hitman that the Holt's had hired to kill her. When Bea confronts Jess, she tells Bea that she was wrongfully accused of the murder of a baby. Jess is shown to have feelings for Fletch to which he reciprocates, which Jess takes advantage of. Jess has sex with Fletch in the shower rooms while Bea uses Fletch's swipe card to move through the prison. When Jess finds out that Doreen is pregnant, she becomes obsessed with helping Doreen with her pregnancy. After Doreen gives birth, Jess' obsession with the baby grows to the point where she kidnaps the baby and tries to smother him. Ferguson finds her and chokes her to death."}
{"id": "doc2251749", "text": "All constituent states of Mexico are fully autonomous and comprise a federation. The Federal District, originally integrated by Mexico City and other municipalities, was created in 1824 to be the capital of the federation. As such, it was governed directly by the central or federal government and the president of Mexico appointed its governor or executive regent. Even though the municipalities within the Federal District were autonomous, their powers were limited. In 1928, these municipalities were abolished and transformed into non-autonomous delegaciones or boroughs and a \"Central Department\", later renamed as Mexico City. In 1970 this department was split into four new delegaciones, and Mexico City was constitutionally defined to be synonymous and coterminous with the entire Federal District.[1] (As such, the boroughs of the Federal District are boroughs of Mexico City)."}
{"id": "doc2252228", "text": "Meredith also played the Penguin in the television series Batman from 1966 to 1968, and in the 1966 film based on the TV series. His role as the Penguin was so well-received, the show's writers always had a script featuring the Penguin ready whenever Meredith was available. He and Cesar Romero (the Joker) are tied for number of appearances on the show.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2252352", "text": "Proponents argue that these assumptions are reasonable and necessary for practicing science. For instance, Hugh Gauch argues that science presupposes that \"the physical world is orderly and comprehensible.\"[42] Likewise, biologist Stephen Jay Gould cites the constancy of nature's laws as an assumption which a scientist should assume before proceeding to do geology.[43] In this view, the uniformity of scientific laws is an unprovable postulate which enables scientists to extrapolate into the unobservable past. In other words, the constancy of natural laws must be assumed in order to meaningfully study the past.[44]"}
{"id": "doc2252385", "text": "The positivist perspective has been associated with 'scientism'; the view that the methods of the natural sciences may be applied to all areas of investigation, be it philosophical, social scientific, or otherwise. Among most social scientists and historians, orthodox positivism has long since lost popular support. Today, practitioners of both social and physical sciences instead take into account the distorting effect of observer bias and structural limitations. This scepticism has been facilitated by a general weakening of deductivist accounts of science by philosophers such as Thomas Kuhn, and new philosophical movements such as critical realism and neopragmatism. The philosopher-sociologist J\u00fcrgen Habermas has critiqued pure instrumental rationality as meaning that scientific-thinking becomes something akin to ideology itself.[87]"}
{"id": "doc2252577", "text": "U.S. Executive Branch officials"}
{"id": "doc2253893", "text": "In 1914 it was realized that Moseley's formula could be adapted from Bohr's, if two assumptions were made. The first was that the electron responsible for the brightest spectral line (K-alpha) which Moseley was investigating from each element, results from a transition by a single electron between the K and L shells of the atom (i.e., from the nearest to the nucleus and the one next farthest out), with energy quantum numbers corresponding to 1 and 2. The second was that the Z in Bohr's formula, though still squared, required diminishment by 1 to calculate K-alpha. This effect arises because the initial and final states of the atom have different amounts of electron-electron repulsion because they are farther apart on average in the final state. A widespread simplification is the idea that the effective charge of the nucleus decreases by 1 when it is being screened by an unpaired electron that remains behind in the K-shell.[4][5] In any case, Bohr's formula for Moseley's K-alpha X-ray transitions became:"}
{"id": "doc2253961", "text": "For example, \"Hund\" (dog) is a masculine (ein/der) word, so the article changes when used in the accusative case:"}
{"id": "doc2254465", "text": "The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities where visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving. The fovea is surrounded by the parafovea belt, and the perifovea outer region.[2] The parafovea is the intermediate belt, where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells, as well as the highest density of cones; the perifovea is the outermost region where the ganglion cell layer contains two to four rows of cells, and is where visual acuity is below the optimum. The perifovea contains an even more diminished density of cones, having 12 per 100 micrometres versus 50 per 100 micrometres in the most central fovea. This, in turn, is surrounded by a larger peripheral area that delivers highly compressed information of low resolution following the pattern of compression in foveated imaging."}
{"id": "doc2254470", "text": "Fovea size is small compared to the rest of retina, but the fovea is the only area of the retina where 20/20 (Snellen Chart scale) vision is attainable, and is very important for seeing fine detail and color.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc2254475", "text": "On average, each square millimeter (mm) of the fovea contains approximately 147,000 cone cells,[18] or 383 cones per millimeter. The average focal length of the eye, i.e. the distance between the lens and fovea, is 17.1\u00c2\u00a0mm.[19] From these values, one can calculate the average angle of view of a single sensor (cone cell), which is approximately 31.46 arc seconds."}
{"id": "doc2254480", "text": "The combined effects of the macular pigment and the distribution of short wavelength cones results in the fovea having a lower sensitivity to blue light (blue light scotoma). Though this is not visible under normal circumstances due to \"filling in\" of information by the brain, under certain patterns of blue light illumination, a dark spot is visible at the point of focus.[22] Also, if mixture of red and blue light is viewed (by viewing white light through a dichroic filter), the point of foveal focus will have a central red spot surrounded by a few red fringes.[22][23] This is called the Maxwell's spot after James Clerk Maxwell[24] who discovered it."}
{"id": "doc2254487", "text": "Schematic diagram of the macula lutea of the retina, showing perifovea, parafovea, fovea, and clinical macula"}
{"id": "doc2255696", "text": "In Region 4, ABC DVD/Roadshow Entertainment has released the first 3 seasons on DVD in Australia. Season 4 was released on April 5, 2012."}
{"id": "doc2256023", "text": "Neisser's name originally had an \"h\" on the end (Ulrich), but he believed that it was too German and most of his friends could not properly pronounce his name, so he eventually dropped the \"h\".[6] Lindzey and Runyan also noted that Neisser also had the nickname \"Dick.\"[6] Neisser stated that both \"Ulric\" (without the \"h\") and \"Dick\" were natural to him."}
{"id": "doc2258683", "text": "Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Ardeidae"}
{"id": "doc2258693", "text": "Order: Accipitriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Pandionidae"}
{"id": "doc2258745", "text": "Order: Apodiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Apodidae"}
{"id": "doc2258785", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Chloropseidae"}
{"id": "doc2258790", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Muscicapidae"}
{"id": "doc2258810", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Dicaeidae"}
{"id": "doc2258933", "text": "The iconostasis, also called the \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd/templon, it is a screen or wall between the nave and the sanctuary, which is covered with icons. There will normally be three doors, one in the middle and one on either side.  The central one is traditionally called the Beautiful Gate and is only used by the clergy. There are times when this gate is closed during the service and a curtain is drawn. The doors on either side are called the Deacons' Doors or Angel Doors as they often have depicted on them the Archangels Michael and Gabriel. These doors are used by deacons and servers to enter the sanctuary. Typically, to the right of the Beautiful Gate (as viewed from the nave) is the icon of Christ, then the icon of St John the Baptist; to the left the icon of the Theotokos, always shown holding Christ; and then the icon of the saint to whom the church is dedicated (i.e., the patron). There are often other icons on the iconostasis but these vary from church to church. The curtain is also drawn and opened at various points in the service."}
{"id": "doc2258986", "text": "Increasingly paranoid, Norma deduces that Joe and Betty are more than just friends (\"Too Much in Love to Care\"). She calls the younger woman to reveal Joe's secret life at the mansion, but he overhears and grabs the phone to tell Betty to come see for herself. Realizing their affair is doomed, Joe brusquely tells her he enjoys being Norma's pet and that she should go back to Artie. Betty departs, confused and brokenhearted, and Joe tells Norma he is leaving her and returning to his hometown in Ohio. He also bluntly informs her that Salome is an unfilmable script and her fans have long abandoned her. Furious and grief-stricken, Norma fatally shoots Joe three times as he storms out of the house."}
{"id": "doc2259197", "text": "In 2017, Michael played King Richard III in the music video titled 'ill Ray (the king)' by British Indie rock group Kasabian."}
{"id": "doc2259504", "text": "Five are United States Representatives:"}
{"id": "doc2260544", "text": "Godzilla: King of the Monsters is scheduled to be released on May 31, 2019, in 2D, 3D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX by Warner Bros. Pictures,[63] except in Japan where the film will be distributed by Toho.[2] The film was originally scheduled to be released on June 8, 2018,[64] but was pushed back to March 22, 2019 and then again to its current release date.[65] The film will be released as Godzilla II: King of the Monsters in some markets.[66]"}
{"id": "doc2262127", "text": "Electronic Arts has brought the first six books in the series to the Nintendo DS and Nintendo DSi as parts in its Flips kids' range which was released 4 December 2009.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2262226", "text": "0 Products4 *5 int8"}
{"id": "doc2262639", "text": "Joe is still shaken up from that match, both mentally and physically. Soon after, during matches, his trainer Danpei realises that Joe is having a serious problem with boxing: he's unable to give headshots to his opponents, Rikiishi's accidental death having traumatized him. It takes Joe quite some time to get over it and costs him three straight losses. But then he finally conquers his fears when he faces the globally #6 ranked Carlos Rivera. The fight ends with a draw, yet it gives Joe tremendous fame and respect around the world, especially since Rivera was going to face the World Champion Jos\u00c3\u00a9 Mendoza in his next match."}
{"id": "doc2262786", "text": "Kevin Daley- A 17-year-old boy who helps his friend Alex to get food and teaches him how to \"body shop\" (taking the valuable items off of the people who drop dead in the streets), and how to use those items to barter with the last guy in the city to give out food. Kevin dies in front of Alex's eyes when a tree branch falls and suffocates him."}
{"id": "doc2263202", "text": "Preproduction began on May 5, 2003, beginning with choreography rehearsals and make-up tests. Produced on a budget of $15,000,000, filming began on June 4. Behind the camera was Welsh director Sara Sugarman, who was known for directing the musical comedy film Very Annie Mary. While taking place in New Jersey, the film was filmed in Toronto Hamilton, Ontario and Oakville, Ontario. Scenes at Dellwood High School were filmed at King City Secondary School in King City and Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute in Scarborough. Mall scenes were filmed at Erin Mills Town Centre in Mississauga. Scenes depicting the family's move from New York to New Jersey were filmed in Hamilton, Ontario. It was also filmed on-location for the scenes in New York City. Scenes involving the train station were filmed at the Watchung Avenue Train Station in Montclair, New Jersey, on New Jersey Transit's Montclair-Boonton Line."}
{"id": "doc2263375", "text": "During the early 20th century, Bosch's work enjoyed a popular resurrection. The early surrealists' fascination with dreamscapes, the autonomy of the imagination, and a free-flowing connection to the unconscious brought about a renewed interest in his work. Bosch's imagery struck a chord with Joan Mir\u00f3[101] and Salvador Dal\u00ed[102] in particular. Both knew his paintings firsthand, having seen The Garden of Earthly Delights in the Museo del Prado, and both regarded him as an art-historical mentor. Mir\u00f3's The Tilled Field contains several parallels to Bosch's Garden: similar flocks of birds; pools from which living creatures emerge; and oversize disembodied ears all echo the Dutch master's work.[101] Dal\u00ed's 1929 The Great Masturbator is similar to an image on the right side of the left panel of Bosch's Garden, composed of rocks, bushes and little animals resembling a face with a prominent nose and long eyelashes.[103]"}
{"id": "doc2265144", "text": "In India, Section 125 of the Companies Act, 1956 provides that certain charges shall be void against liquidator or creditors unless registered. Thus,if a charge is not registered with Registrar of Companies, and company happens to go for liquidation, even secured creditor shall be treated as unsecured."}
{"id": "doc2265484", "text": "Two new special guest stars appeared in the episode in New York sequences. Peter Facinelli played the Funny Girl director, Rupert Campion, and Ioan Gruffudd the lead male actor in the show, Paolo San Pablo.[12]"}
{"id": "doc2266529", "text": "Segments: the reign of Sennacherib in the Assyrian Empire 701 BC; Phoenicians and the development of the alphabet 1050 BC; Cyrus the Great against the Lydians at Sardis 547 BC; the life of"}
{"id": "doc2266565", "text": "Near the end of his life, an elderly Jesus calls his former disciples to his bed. Peter, Nathaniel, and a scarred John visit their master as Jerusalem is in the throes of the Jewish Rebellion against the Romans. Judas comes last and reveals that the youthful angel who released Jesus from the crucifixion is in fact Satan. Crawling back through the burning city of Jerusalem, Jesus reaches the site of his crucifixion and begs God to let him fulfill his purpose and to \"let him be God's son.\""}
{"id": "doc2267530", "text": "The fourth game in the series was developed by Double Eleven Limited, Tarsier Studios and Sony XDev Europe for the PlayStation Vita handheld and had a 2012 release.[15] The game features the same core mechanics from LittleBigPlanet 2, with the focus being on a \"platform for games\" rather than a platformer like previous entries in the series before LittleBigPlanet 2. The game utilises the unique controls of the PlayStation Vita by using its multi-touch touchscreen and its rear touchpad to navigate through various obstacles in stages as well as for level creation by users.[16] The game supports cross-buy of DLC costume packs between LittleBigPlanet 2, as well as LittleBigPlanet Karting, a cross-play pack was released for LittleBigPlanet 2 on 18 December 2012."}
{"id": "doc2267531", "text": "This is the fifth game in the series and the first to use a completely new genre for the series, with it being a kart racing game instead of platforming. Because it's made by SCE San Diego, who also made M.F.N. Adventures with Naughty Dog & BiOrangElectriX Games, it was originally intended to be a spin-off but became a main part of the series, as it continued where LittleBigPlanet 2 left off. The game was developed by United Front, with the help of XDev, in conjunction with series creator Media Molecule for the PlayStation 3. As part of the LittleBigPlanet series, the game will still retain the series' signature \"Play, Create, Share\" concept. It also has its own story mode, venturing through LittleBigPlanet, Monster Islands, Victoria's Laboratory, The Progress Emporium, Eve's Asylum, Avalonia/The Space Bass, and Hoard, Sweet Hoard, to put an end to the greedy, grabbing Hoard racers, who snatch many pieces of the different planets to stash them in the Garage at the End of the Universe. Sony Entertainment America shut down the LittleBigPlanet Karting online servers on August 31 of 2016 for North Americans."}
{"id": "doc2268982", "text": "Seascape at Saintes-Maries (Fishing Boats at Sea) was painted six years after Van Gogh wrote that he wished to paint a seaside painting of sand, sea and sky.  In this painting the combination of a high horizon and boats close to the top edge of the frame, draw the audience in to the choppy sea in the foreground and center of the picture.  He also made three drawings of this composition.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2269913", "text": "Another unique aspect of human culture and thought is the development of complex methods for acquiring knowledge through observation, quantification, and verification. The scientific method has been developed to acquire knowledge of the physical world and the rules, processes and principles of which it consists, and combined with mathematics it enables the prediction of complex patterns of causality and consequence. Some other animals are able to recognize differences in small quantities,[citation needed] but humans are able to understand and recognize much larger, even abstract, quantities, and to recognize and understand algorithmic patterns which enables infinite counting routines and algebra, something that is not found in any other species."}
{"id": "doc2270804", "text": "Ahmad Shah Durrani returned to Kabul leaving his forces led by his son Timur Shah Durrani consolidating themselves inside the garrisons of Lahore where they founded the Zamzama cannon with the assistance of Mughal Metalsmiths. He was supported by Mohammad Bahawal Khan II (Nawab Amir of Bhawalpur) and Muhammad Nasir Khan I (Khanate of Kalat).[3]"}
{"id": "doc2271309", "text": "A beam of neutral kaons decays in flight so that the short-lived KS disappears, leaving a beam of pure long-lived KL. If this beam is shot into matter, then the K0 and its antiparticle K0 interact differently with the nuclei. The K0 undergoes quasi-elastic scattering with nucleons, whereas its antiparticle can create hyperons. Due to the different interactions of the two components, quantum coherence between the two particles is lost. The emerging beam then contains different linear superpositions of the K0 and K0. Such a superposition is a mixture of KL and KS; the KS is regenerated by passing a neutral kaon beam through matter. Regeneration was observed by Oreste Piccioni and his collaborators at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Soon thereafter, Robert Adair and his coworkers reported excess KS regeneration, thus opening a new chapter in this history."}
{"id": "doc2271879", "text": "Cerebral hypoperfusion is the reduction of blood flow to all parts of the brain. The reduction could be to a particular part of the brain depending on the cause. It is most commonly due to heart failure from cardiac arrest or arrhythmias, or from reduced cardiac output as a result of myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, pericardial effusion, or bleeding.[citation needed] Hypoxemia (low blood oxygen content) may precipitate the hypoperfusion. Because the reduction in blood flow is global, all parts of the brain may be affected, especially vulnerable \"watershed\" areas - border zone regions supplied by the major cerebral arteries. A watershed stroke refers to the condition when the blood supply to these areas is compromised. Blood flow to these areas does not necessarily stop, but instead it may lessen to the point where brain damage can occur."}
{"id": "doc2272990", "text": "The Mini-14 GB (\"government bayonet\")[18] models feature either a pistol grip, side folding stock or a standard semi-pistol grip stock, a 20 or 30-round magazine, bayonet lug, threaded barrel, and flash suppressor. The GB models also come with standard rifle stocks. Sales are intended for only the law enforcement, military and private security markets, and can only be found in their Law Enforcement Catalog.[19] However, some have entered the civilian market.[20]"}
{"id": "doc2272998", "text": "The Ruger Mini-14 was used in several notable crimes:"}
{"id": "doc2274222", "text": "The statue on the cover of the album is Vancouver's \"Bronze Angel\", created by the Montr\u00e9al sculptor, Coeur de Lion MacCarthy located at the former Canadian Pacific Railway Station. The bronze war memorial depicting the angel of victory raising up a young soldier to heaven at the moment of his death, was erected in 1921 to commemorate 1115 Canadian Pacific Railway employees killed during World War I. The sculpture was erected in Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Winnipeg, Manitoba and Vancouver, British Columbia.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2275203", "text": "The university has made several advancements in sustainability in the past decade. Under the UGA Facilities Management Division, the Office of Sustainability was initiated in 2010 as part of a strategic directive to enhance conservation of resources and long-term sustainability at the university. Through long-term environmental initiatives, under President Michael F. Adams the university established the office after support from students and faculty and residents of the Athens area. The Office of Sustainability's mission is to continue to improve environmental sustainability in many different areas on campus."}
{"id": "doc2275976", "text": "Religion was part of all levels of Aztec society. On the state level, religion was controlled by the Tlatoani and the high priests governing the main temples in the ceremonial precinct of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. This level involved the large monthly festivals and a number of specific rituals centered around the ruler dynasty and attempting to stabilize both the political and cosmic systems, these rituals were the ones that involved a sacrifice of humans. For example, on the feast of Huey Tozoztli, the ruler himself ascended Mount Tlaloc and engaged in autosacrifice in order to petition the rains. Throughout society, each level had their own rituals and deities and played their part in the larger rituals of the community. For example, the class of Pochteca merchants were involved in the feast Tlaxochimaco where the merchant deity would be celebrated and slaves bought on specific slave markets by long-distance traders would be sacrificed. On the feast of Ochpaniztli, all commoners participated in sweeping the streets, and they also undertook ritual bathing. The most spectacular ritual was the New Fire ceremony which took place every 52 years and involved every citizen of the Aztec realm, during this commoners would destroy house utensils, quench all fires and receive new fire from the bonfire on top of Mt. Huixachtlan, lit on the chest of a sacrificed person by the high priests."}
{"id": "doc2275986", "text": "The Aztec world consisted of three main parts: the earth world on which humans lived (including Tamoanchan, the mythical origin of human beings), an underworld which belonged to the dead (called Mictlan (\"place of death\")), and the upper plane in the sky. The earth and the underworld were both open for humans to enter, whereas the upper plane in the sky was impenetrable to humans. Existence was envisioned as straddling the two worlds in a cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Thus as the sun was believed to dwell in the underworld at night to rise reborn in the morning and maize kernels were interred to later sprout anew, so the human and divine existence was also envisioned as being cyclical. The upper and nether worlds were both thought to be layered. Mictlan had nine layers which were inhabited by different deities and mythical beings. The sky had thirteen layers, the highest of which was called Omeyocan (\"place of duality\") and served as the residence of the progenitor dual god Ometeotl. The lowest layer of the sky was a verdant spring-like place with abundant water called Tlalocan (\"the place of Tlaloc\")."}
{"id": "doc2277317", "text": "Swedenborg's Angels\u00c2"}
{"id": "doc2277771", "text": "So, rather than the ditty borrowing the tune of the anthem, the suggestion (perhaps not entirely serious) is that the borrowing was in the reverse direction."}
{"id": "doc2278168", "text": "The choroid is a layer situated behind the retina which contains many small arteries and veins. These provide arterial blood to the retina and drain venous blood. The choroid contains melanin, a pigment which gives the inner eye its dark colour, helping to prevent disruptive reflections."}
{"id": "doc2278170", "text": "The four spectrally distinct cone pigments are derived from the protein opsin, linked to a small molecule called retinal, which is closely related to vitamin A. When the pigment absorbs light the retinal changes shape and alters the membrane potential of the cone cell affecting neurons in the ganglia layer of the retina. Each neuron in the ganglion layer may process information from a number of photoreceptor cells, and may in turn trigger a nerve impulse to relay information along the optic nerve for further processing in specialised visual centres in the brain. The more intense a light, the more photons are absorbed by the visual pigments; the greater the excitation of each cone, and the brighter the light appears.[20]"}
{"id": "doc2278342", "text": "On 16 April, Manchester United exacted revenge for being eliminated from the FA Cup the previous month with league victory over Chelsea at Old Trafford."}
{"id": "doc2278461", "text": "The individual insured person's obligations may take several forms:[3]"}
{"id": "doc2279189", "text": "Having sold over 100 million records,[2] Jackson is one of the best-selling artists in the history of contemporary music.[3][4] She has amassed an extensive catalog, with singles such as \"Nasty\", \"Rhythm Nation\", \"That's the Way Love Goes\", \"Together Again\" and \"All for You\"; she holds the record for the most consecutive top-ten entries on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart by a female artist with 18. In 2008, Billboard placed her number seven on its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, and in 2010 ranked her fifth among the \"Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years\". In December 2016, the magazine named her the second most successful dance club artist of all-time after Madonna.[5] One of the world's most awarded artists, she has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers."}
{"id": "doc2279199", "text": "Its innovative fusion of dance-pop and industrial music with hip-hop and R&B undertones influenced the development of the new jack swing genre by bridging the gap between the latter two styles.[17] The accompanying music videos shot for the album's singles became popular on MTV, and obtained a then-unknown Paula Abdul a recording contract for her choreography work with Jackson. Billboard stated \"[Jackson's] accessible sound and spectacularly choreographed videos were irresistible to MTV, and helped the channel evolve from rock programming to a broader, beat-driven musical mix.\"[19]"}
{"id": "doc2280047", "text": "Released with The Year Without a Santa Claus"}
{"id": "doc2281723", "text": "During the late 1920s, to 1940s, a group of philosophers of the Vienna Circle and the Berlin Circle developed Russell and Wittgenstein's formalism into a doctrine known as \"logical positivism\" (or logical empiricism). Logical positivism used formal logical methods to develop an empiricist account of knowledge.[20] Philosophers such as Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach, along with other members of the Vienna Circle, claimed that the truths of logic and mathematics were tautologies, and those of science were verifiable empirical claims. These two constituted the entire universe of meaningful judgments; anything else was nonsense. The claims of ethics, aesthetics and theology were consequently reduced to pseudo-statements, neither empirically true nor false, and therefore meaningless. In reaction to what he considered excesses of logical positivism, Karl Popper's insisted on the role of falsification in the philosophy of science\u00e2\u20ac\u201dalthough his general method was also part of the analytic tradition.[21] With the coming to power of Adolf Hitler and Nazism in 1933, many members of the Vienna and Berlin Circles fled to Britain and America, which helped to reinforce the dominance of logical positivism and analytic philosophy in Anglophone countries."}
{"id": "doc2281818", "text": "or in Intel syntax:"}
{"id": "doc2282286", "text": "Narrated by Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri: We, the companions of the Prophet said, \"O Allah's Apostle! What is the bridge?' He said, \"It is a slippery (bridge) on which there are clamps and (Hooks like) a thorny seed that is wide at one side and narrow at the other and has thorns with bent ends. Such a thorny seed is found in Najd and is called As-Sa'dan. Some of the believers will cross the bridge as quickly as the wink of an eye, some others as quick as lightning, a strong wind, fast horses or she-camels. So some will be safe without any harm; some will be safe after receiving some scratches, and some will fall down into Hell. The last person will cross by being dragged over the bridge.\" (Sahih Bukhari - Volume 9, Book 93, Number 532)"}
{"id": "doc2285692", "text": "Potassium-40 is a rare example of an isotope that undergoes both types of beta decay. About 89.28% of the time, it decays to calcium-40 (40Ca) with emission of a beta particle (\u03b2\u2212, an electron) with a maximum energy of 1.33\u00a0MeV and an antineutrino. About 10.72% of the time it decays to argon-40 (40Ar) by electron capture, with the emission of a 1.460 MeV gamma ray[1] and a neutrino. The radioactive decay of this particular isotope explains the large abundance of argon (nearly 1%) in the earth's atmosphere, as well as its abundance compared to 36Ar. Very rarely (0.001% of the time) it will decay to 40Ar by emitting a positron (\u03b2+) and a neutrino.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2286300", "text": "Tijuana, Baja California"}
{"id": "doc2286850", "text": "The surname R\u00edos is a sign of ancestry which includes royals and nobles[citation needed]. Historians believe the R\u00edos family derived from the Royal House of Asturias[citation needed]. The original bearer of the name R\u00edos, which is a local surname, once lived, held land, or was born in the region of Northwestern Spain which is today's Galicia and Asturias[citation needed]. In the Middle Ages, names originally denoted the proprietorship of the village or estate. The R\u00edos Family originally lived near a river[citation needed]. As early as the 10th Century, the Ri\u00f3s family has been involved in political reform, business, military, athletics, education, science, law, medicine, arts, architecture, literature, technology, inventions, and economic investments[citation needed]."}
{"id": "doc2288308", "text": "One of the main reasons for the mummies\u2019 fame in Mexico is the 1972 film El Santo contra las momias de Guanajuato, which featured Mexico\u2019s most famous lucha libre wrestler, El Santo, as well as two others called Blue Demon and Mil M\u00e1scaras. In this movie, the mummies are reanimated by a wrestler known as \u201cSat\u00e1n\u201d and El Santo fights to defeat them. It was filmed in the Guanajuato cemetery and has since become a cult classic.[30]"}
{"id": "doc2288928", "text": "In Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E.coli), alkaline phosphatase is located in the periplasmic space, external to the inner cell membrane and within the peptidoglycan portion of the cell wall. With the periplasmic gap being more prone to environmental variation than the inner cell, alkaline phosphatase is suitably resistant to inactivation, denaturation, or degradation. This characteristic of the enzyme is uncommon to many other proteins.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2289855", "text": "Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a royal title normally granted to sons and grandsons of reigning and past British monarchs. It is also held by the Duke of Edinburgh, husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. The title is granted by the reigning monarch, who is the fount of all honours, through the issuing of letters patent as an expression of the royal will."}
{"id": "doc2289866", "text": "Coronet of a grandson of the sovereign."}
{"id": "doc2290875", "text": "Key\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Host venue"}
{"id": "doc2292349", "text": "The foundation stone of the School building was laid in 1994 by the then president of India, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma. The construction of the new building started."}
{"id": "doc2293773", "text": "This song is featured in the movie Invincible with Mark Wahlberg in the lead role."}
{"id": "doc2294365", "text": "The ascending aorta is contained within the pericardium, and is enclosed in a tube of the serous pericardium, common to it and the pulmonary artery."}
{"id": "doc2295211", "text": "The eye operates like a photographic camera. It has an adjustable iris which can open (or close) to allow more (or less) light to enter the eye. As with any camera except pinhole cameras, it needs to focus light rays entering through the iris (aperture in a camera) so that they focus on a single point on the retina in order to produce a sharp image. The eye achieves this goal by adjusting a lens behind the cornea to refract light appropriately."}
{"id": "doc2295957", "text": "Finally, in the prose introduction to Reginsm\u00e1l, Loki visits R\u00e1n (here rendered as Ron) to borrow her net:"}
{"id": "doc2296101", "text": "The states and the Federal District that make up the Mexican federation are collectively called \"federal entities\". The five most populous federal entities in 2005 were the State of Mexico (14.4 million), the Federal District (8.7 million), Veracruz (7.1 million), Jalisco (6.7 million) and Puebla (5.4 million),  which collectively contain 40.7% of the national population. Mexico City, being coextensive with the Federal District, is the most populous city in the country, while Greater Mexico City, that includes the adjacent municipalities that conform a metropolitan area, is estimated to be the second most populous in the world, by the UN Urbanization Report."}
{"id": "doc2296331", "text": "In mathematics, a semiprime (also called biprime or 2-almost prime, or pq number) is a natural number that is the product of two (not necessarily distinct) prime numbers. The semiprimes less than 100 are 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 21, 22, 25, 26, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 46, 49, 51, 55, 57, 58, 62, 65, 69, 74, 77, 82, 85, 86, 87, 91, 93, 94, and 95. (sequence A001358 in the OEIS). Semiprimes that are not perfect squares are called discrete, or distinct, semiprimes."}
{"id": "doc2296332", "text": "By definition, semiprime numbers have no composite factors other than themselves. For example, the number 26 is semiprime and its only factors are 1, 2, 13, and 26."}
{"id": "doc2297381", "text": "In the early 1950s much of the early attention research can be traced to problems faced by air traffic controllers. At that time, controllers received messages from pilots over loudspeakers in the control tower. Hearing the intermixed voices of many pilots over a single loudspeaker made the controller's task very difficult.[11] The effect was first defined and named \"the cocktail party problem\" by Colin Cherry in 1953.[12] Cherry conducted attention experiments in which participants listened to two different messages from a single loudspeaker at the same time and tried to separate them; this was later termed a dichotic listening task.[13] (See Broadbent section below for more details). His work reveals that the ability to separate sounds from background noise is affected by many variables, such as the sex of the speaker, the direction from which the sound is coming, the pitch, and the rate of speech.[12]"}
{"id": "doc2298808", "text": "Sources suggest that David Schwimmer was actually out of the country filming Band of Brothers when the final scenes of the episode were filmed, hence why Ross is not there when the friends hug Monica and Chandler on hearing their announcement."}
{"id": "doc2299192", "text": "Together with the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD), a second chamber with limited powers, it makes up a legislative body, the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, MPR). Currently there are 560 members, following the 2009 elections, all elected.[1][2]"}
{"id": "doc2299641", "text": "1 Includes 2016 UEFA Super Cup and 2016 FIFA Club World Cup."}
{"id": "doc2299643", "text": "1 Includes 2016 UEFA Super Cup and 2016 FIFA Club World Cup."}
{"id": "doc2300282", "text": "Article 40.6.1\u00c2\u00b0 (i) of the 1937 Constitution of Ireland guarantees the right to freedom of expression, subject to several constraints, among them:[13]"}
{"id": "doc2302210", "text": "The mythological name was revived in 1979 by James Lovelock, in Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth; his Gaia hypothesis was supported by Lynn Margulis. The hypothesis proposes that living organisms and inorganic material are part of a dynamical system that shapes the Earth's biosphere, and maintains the Earth as a fit environment for life. In some Gaia theory approaches, the Earth itself is viewed as an organism with self-regulatory functions. Further books by Lovelock and others popularized the Gaia Hypothesis, which was embraced to some extent by New Age environmentalists as part of the heightened awareness of environmental concerns of the 1990s."}
{"id": "doc2304461", "text": "In bankruptcy, a case can be stayed if a certification for annulment exists or an Individual Voluntary Arrangement is being negotiated.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2305740", "text": "In \"The Angels Take Manhattan\", numerous Weeping Angels including one in the form of the Statue of Liberty have taken control of a building in New York, holding victims captive so they can repeatedly feed off their time energy. Rory Williams and Amy Pond create a paradox by having Rory kill himself before he can be fed off to death. This paradox kills all but one of the Angels and erases the events from history. However, this surviving Angel encounters the Doctor and his companions in 2012 and sends Amy and Rory back in time, separating them from the Doctor forever."}
{"id": "doc2305994", "text": "Bare-throated tiger heron (Tigrisoma mexicanum)"}
{"id": "doc2306629", "text": "The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the \"real world\" town by a powerful curse. This episode's story follows Sheriff Graham (Jamie Dornan) as he remembers his fairytale counterpart, leading to significant consequences that parallel his previous life as the Huntsman. It first aired in the United States on ABC on December 11, 2011. An estimated 8.91 million viewers watched the episode, placing third in its timeslot behind NBC and CBS. The episode received mixed reviews from television critics, as some praised Dornan's character but were divided on the ending sequence. It was the series' mid-season finale."}
{"id": "doc2307705", "text": "The Assyrians are culturally, linguistically, and ethnically distinct from their neighbours in the Middle East \u00e2\u20ac\u201c the Arabs, Syrians, Persians, Kurds, Turks, and Armenians. Assyrian nationalism emphasizes their indigeneity to the Assyrian homeland, together with cultural, historical and ethnic Assyrian continuity since the Iron Age Neo-Assyrian Empire, and Achaemenid Persian, Greek, Roman, Parthian and Sassanid ruled Athura/Assuristan. Assyria was a land stretching from Kirkuk in the south to Amida in the north, and from Edessa in the west to the border of Persia (Iran) in the east."}
{"id": "doc2307709", "text": "Assyria was for most of this period a powerful and highly advanced nation, and a major centre of Mesopotamian civilisation and Mesopotamian religion. Assyria had three periods of empire; the Old Assyrian Empire (2025\u20131750 BC) which saw it emerge as the most powerful state in the region, extending colonies into south east Anatolia, the northern Levant, central Mesopotamia and north western Ancient Iran. The Middle Assyrian Empire (1365\u20131020 BC) saw Assyria emerge as the most powerful military and political force in the known world, destroying the Mitanni-Hurrian empire, largely annexing the Hittite Empire, forcing the Egyptian Empire from the region, conquering Babylonia and besting the Elamites, Kassites and Phrygians among others. Middle Assyrian Empire kings extended Assyrian domination from Mount Ararat in the north to Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the south, and from the Eastern Mediterranean and Antioch in the west to the Zagros (in modern northern Iran) in the east."}
{"id": "doc2307710", "text": "After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the Akkadians once more fragmented into smaller nation states, with Assyria coming to dominate northern Mesopotamia, and states such as Ur, Kish, Isin and Larsa the south. In the 18th century BC the south Mesopotamian states were subsumed into a new power, that of Babylonia. However, Babylonia unlike Assyria, was founded and originally ruled by non indigenous Amorites, and was to be more often than not ruled by other waves of non indigenous peoples such as Kassites, Hittites, Elamites, Arameans and Chaldeans, as well as by the Assyrians."}
{"id": "doc2307734", "text": "A religious schism among the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries AD, when a large number of hitherto Assyrian Church of the East Assyrians from the far north of Mesopotamia entered communion with the Roman Catholic Church after becoming dissatisfied with the Abuna family's leadership of the Assyrian Church, and after at first failing to gain acceptance within the Syriac Orthodox Church. Rome named this new church The Church of Assyria and Mosul and its first leader Patriarch of the East Assyrians in 1553 AD. However, in 1683 AD, Rome altered the name to the Chaldean Catholic Church, this group of Assyrians eventually became known as Chaldean Catholics or Chaldo-Assyrians despite having no ethnic, historical, linguistic or geographic connections whatsoever to the long extinct Chaldean tribe of south east Mesopotamia."}
{"id": "doc2307739", "text": "The Assyrian Levies were founded by the British in 1928, with ancient Assyrian military rankings, such as Rab-shakeh, Rab-talia and Tartan, being revived for the first time in millennia for this force. The Assyrians were prized by the British rulers for their fighting qualities, loyalty, bravery and discipline, and were used to help the British put down insurrections among the Arabs and Kurds, guard the borders with Iran and Turkey and protect British military installations.[30]"}
{"id": "doc2307742", "text": "However, in 1963, the Ba'ath Party took power by force in Iraq. The Baathists, though secular, were Arab Nationalists, and set about attempting to Arabize the many non Arab peoples of Iraq, including the Assyrians. Other ethnic groups targeted for forced Arabization included Kurds, Armenians, Turcomans, Mandeans, Yezidi, Shabaki, Kawliya, Persians and Circassians. This policy included refusing to acknowledge the Assyrians as an ethnic group, banning the publication of written material in Eastern Aramaic, and banning its teaching in schools, banning parents giving Assyrian names to their children, banning Assyrian political parties, taking control of Assyrian churches, attempting to divide Assyrians on denominational lines (e.g. Assyrian Church of the East vs Chaldean Catholic Church vs Syriac Orthodox) and forced relocations of Assyrians from their traditional homelands to major cities."}
{"id": "doc2307746", "text": "With the fall of Saddam Hussein and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, no reliable census figures exist on the Assyrians in Iraq (as they do not for Iraqi Kurds or Turkmen), though the number of Assyrians is estimated to be approximately 800,000."}
{"id": "doc2307750", "text": "Thus far, the only people who have been attested with a high level of genetic, historical, linguistic and cultural research to be the descendants of the ancient Mesopotamians are the Assyrian Christians of Iraq and its surrounding areas in north west Iran, north east Syria and south eastern Turkey (see Assyrian continuity), although others have made unsubstantiated claims of continuity. Assyria continued to exist as a geopolitical entity until the Arab-Islamic conquest in the mid-7th century, and Assyrian identity, personal, family and tribal names, and both spoken and written evolutions of Mesopotamian Aramaic (which still contain many Akkadian loan words and an Akkadian grammatical structure) have survived among the Assyrian people from ancient times to this day. (see Assyrian people)."}
{"id": "doc2308080", "text": "Source: Election Commission of Malaysia (SPR)[2]"}
{"id": "doc2308524", "text": "Some programmers feel that these features are unimportant or even frivolous. For example, Alan Perlis once quipped, in a reference to bracket-delimited languages, that \"syntactic sugar causes cancer of the semicolon\" (see Epigrams on Programming)."}
{"id": "doc2308785", "text": "In 1800, the British East India Company established Fort William College at Calcutta. The College president J. B. Gilchrist hired professors to write books in Hindustani. Some of these books were Prem Sagar by Lallu Lal, Naasiketopaakhyan by Sadal Mishra, Sukhsagar by Sadasukhlal of Delhi and Rani Ketaki ki kahani by Munshi Inshallah Khan."}
{"id": "doc2311306", "text": "The CIA Deer gun was a single-shot 9\u00c3\u201419 mm Parabellum pistol, made by the U.S. during the Vietnam War. It was packaged with three rounds of ammunition in the grip, and packed with instructions in a plastic box. If air-dropped into water, the plastic box containing the pistol would float. Like the earlier FP-45 Liberator, it was designed primarily for assassination of enemy soldiers, with the intention that it would be replaced by an enemy soldier's left-over equipment. The instructions for the Deer Gun were pictorial, with text in Vietnamese."}
{"id": "doc2312288", "text": "When the demonstration was finished, guests continued into a large prop warehouse. The line moved guests up and down aisles of props used in different major productions, including Marvin's Room, The Santa Clause, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, Honey, I Blew Up the Kid, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, \"The Rocketeer\", The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Great Muppet Caper, and George of the Jungle. Several of the props were tagged with information. At the exit of the building the tram part of the tour began."}
{"id": "doc2313195", "text": "Terrestrial Time is a theoretical uniform time scale, defined to provide continuity with the former Ephemeris Time (ET). ET was an independent time-variable, proposed (and its adoption agreed) in the period 1948\u201352[4] with the intent of forming a gravitationally uniform time scale as far as was feasible at that time, and depending for its definition on Simon Newcomb's Tables of the Sun (1895), interpreted in a new way to accommodate certain observed discrepancies.[5] Newcomb's tables formed the basis of all astronomical ephemerides of the Sun from 1900 through 1983: they were originally expressed (and published) in terms of Greenwich Mean Time and the mean solar day,[6] but later, in respect of the period 1960\u20131983, they were treated as expressed in terms of ET,[7] in accordance with the adopted ET proposal of 1948\u201352. ET, in turn, can now be seen (in light of modern results)[8] as close to the average mean solar time between 1750 and 1890 (centered on 1820), because that was the period during which the observations on which Newcomb's tables were based were performed. While TT is strictly uniform (being based on the SI second, every second is the same as every other second), it is in practice realised by International Atomic Time (TAI) with an accuracy of about 1 part in 1014."}
{"id": "doc2313854", "text": "The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore, Pakistan.[3] The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats, with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims."}
{"id": "doc2313864", "text": "Article 106 of the constitution provides that each Provincial Assembly shall consist of general seats and seats reserved only for women and non-Muslims. The same article specifies that the Provincial Assembly of Punjab will have a total of 371 seats: 297 general seats, 66 reserved for women, and eight reserved for non-Muslims."}
{"id": "doc2313875", "text": "The term of Provincial Assembly in Pakistan according to Article 107 is five years unless it is sooner dissolved, from the day of its first meeting and stands dissolved at the expiration of its terms."}
{"id": "doc2313883", "text": "The second important function of Provincial Assembly under Article 123 (3) is that it acts as a manager or custodian of the purse of a nation."}
{"id": "doc2314010", "text": "For the 2016\u201317 UEFA Champions League, the associations were allocated places according to their 2015 UEFA country coefficients, which took into account their performance in European competitions from 2010\u201311 to 2014\u201315.[9][10]"}
{"id": "doc2314426", "text": "According to Dickinson, his revitalised enthusiasm, brought about by Harris's idea to make a concept album, carried forward into the cover artwork, saying, \"I was probably responsible in a large part for the cover, with Derek.\"[26] Dickinson states that the idea to set the painting in a polar landscape may have originated from when he showed Riggs a Gustave Dor\u00e9 piece, depicting traitors frozen in a lake of ice in the ninth circle of Dante's Inferno.[27] In contradiction of this, Riggs states that the setting was because he \"might have just seen a documentary about the North Pole or something ... I wanted something that was a departure from all the cityscapes and things. It was about prophecy and seeing the future, and so I just wanted something distant. And then they said, on the back, 'Could you stick all the other Eddies in the ice?' So I did.\"[26]"}
{"id": "doc2315447", "text": "The first occurrence in English of ontology as recorded by the OED (Oxford English Dictionary, online edition, 2008) came in a work by Gideon Harvey (1636/7\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1702): Archelogia philosophica nova; or, New principles of Philosophy. Containing Philosophy in general, Metaphysicks or Ontology, Dynamilogy or a Discourse of Power, Religio Philosophi or Natural Theology, Physicks or Natural philosophy, London, Thomson, 1663. The word was first used in its Latin form by philosophers based on the Latin roots, which themselves are based on the Greek."}
{"id": "doc2316721", "text": "During a private meeting in a restaurant, Loretta confides to Joe that she does not truly believe in God and her sins cannot be forgiven. The next day, Joe is despondent to learn that Loretta committed suicide. While visiting his brother-in-law, an amateur photographer, Joe finds a recent picture of Emma, whom he believed to be dead. He decides to pursue her in Miami, but only after informing Graciela first, much to Dion's dismay."}
{"id": "doc2316727", "text": "Principal photography began on October 28, 2015 in coastal Georgia.[30] Exterior scenes were filmed in Brunswick, at Affleck's private property on Hampton Island near Riceboro,[31] on Tybee Island,[32] in Savannah, and at Fort Pulaski National Monument.[33][34] Tampa's film commissioner said tax rebates in both Georgia and Affleck's home on Hampton Island, a 45 minute drive from Brunswick, had led the filmmakers to choose the state instead of Florida.[35] Filming took place in Lawrence, North Andover, and Boston's North End.[36][37][38] From December 2015 to February 2016, filming took place in Los Angeles, California.[39] Scenes were shot at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel[39] in Pasadena,[40] and in Wilmington.[41]"}
{"id": "doc2316765", "text": "A plausible explanation for the term given by the Oxford English Dictionary is that it originates from a play named \"The Broken Sword\" by William Dimond,[1] in which one character keeps repeating the same stories, one of them about a cork tree, and is interrupted each time by another character who says: Chestnut, you mean ... I have heard you tell the joke twenty-seven times and I am sure it was a chestnut. The play was first performed in 1816, but the term did not come into widespread usage until the 1880s."}
{"id": "doc2317049", "text": "It has also been argued that Pace is an unusual surname of French origins, and indeed the first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of John Pais, which was dated 1219, in the \"Register of the Freemen of Leicester\", during the reign of King Henry III, known as \"The Frenchman\", 1216\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1272. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to change creating variants of the original spelling.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2317442", "text": "The institution has its origins in Late antiquity, where on more than one occasion the emperor stepped in to resolve disputes over the legitimacy of papal contenders. An important precedent from this period is an edict of Emperor Honorius, issued after a synod he convoked to depose Antipope Eulalius. The power passed to (and grew with) the King of the Ostrogoths, then the Byzantine Emperor (or his delegate, the Exarch of Ravenna). After an interregnum, the Kings of the Franks and the Holy Roman Emperor (whose selection the pope also sometimes had a hand in), generally assumed the role of confirming the results of papal elections. For a period (today known as the \"saeculum obscurum\"), the power passed from the Emperor to powerful Roman nobles\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe Crescentii and then the Counts of Tusculum."}
{"id": "doc2317941", "text": "Wichita State surprised the college basketball world by reaching the Final Four from the West region. They lost to Louisville in the first semifinal game, 72\u201368. Michigan defeated Syracuse 61\u201356 in the second semifinal.[18]"}
{"id": "doc2318634", "text": "Provincial Assembly of the Punjab"}
{"id": "doc2318799", "text": "She starred in American Pie Presents: The Book of Love as Imogen (a British exchange student). The seventh instalment from the franchise was released straight to DVD in December 2009."}
{"id": "doc2322746", "text": "The square of \u00e2\u02c6\u01613 can be replaced by 3. As m/n is multiplied by n, their product equals m:"}
{"id": "doc2325310", "text": "Strauss was born in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on October 25, 1825, to the composer Johann Strauss I. His paternal great-grandfather was a Hungarian Jew \u2013 a fact which the Nazis, who lionised Strauss's music as \"so German\", later tried to conceal.[1] His father did not want him to become a musician but rather a banker.[2] Nevertheless, Strauss Junior studied the violin secretly as a child with the first violinist of his father's orchestra, Franz Amon.[2] When his father discovered his son secretly practising on a violin one day, he gave him a severe whipping, saying that he was going to beat the music out of the boy.[3] It seems that rather than trying to avoid a Strauss rivalry, the elder Strauss only wanted his son to escape the rigours of a musician's life.[4] It was only when the father abandoned his family for a mistress, Emilie Trampusch\u00a0(de), that the son was able to concentrate fully on a career as a composer with the support of his mother.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2326766", "text": "A restriction on the proprietorship register prevents the registration of a disposition unless complied with."}
{"id": "doc2328678", "text": "Originally called Wimpy Grills, the Wimpy brand was created in 1934 by Edward Gold, when he opened his first location in Bloomington, Indiana.[1][2] The name was inspired by the character of J. Wellington Wimpy from the Popeye cartoons created by E. C. Segar. Although the Wimpy name is most closely identified with the city of Chicago, Gold did not open his first Chicago area location until two years later in 1936, and after opening units in five other Midwestern cities.[3] By 1947, the Chicago Tribune reported that the chain had 26 units, and expected to sell eight million hamburgers annually in the Chicago area.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2329255", "text": "Order: Accipitriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Pandionidae"}
{"id": "doc2329256", "text": "Pandionidae is a monotypic family of fish-eating birds of prey. Its single species possesses a very large and powerful hooked beak, strong legs, strong talons, and keen eyesight."}
{"id": "doc2329301", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Phylloscopidae"}
{"id": "doc2329307", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Muscicapidae"}
{"id": "doc2329334", "text": "This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2332017", "text": "The invention of the minie balls in the 1840s solved the slow loading problem, and in the 1850s and 1860s rifles quickly replaced muskets on the battlefield. Many rifles, often referred to as rifled muskets, were very similar to the muskets they replaced, but the military also experimented with other designs. Breech-loading weapons proved to have a much faster rate of fire than muzzleloaders, causing military forces to abandon muzzle loaders in favor of breech-loading designs in the late 1860s. In the later part of the 19th century, rifles were generally single-shot and breech-loading, designed for aimed, discretionary fire by individual soldiers. Then, as now, rifles had a stock, either fixed or folding, to be braced against the shoulder when firing.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2332126", "text": "One of the early sites discovered in Bahrain indicate that Sennacherib, king of Assyria (707\u00e2\u20ac\u201c681 BC), attacked northeast Persian Gulf and captured Bahrain.[5] The most recent reference to Dilmun came during the Neo-Babylonian dynasty. Neo-Babylonian administrative records, dated 567 BC, stated that Dilmun was controlled by the king of Babylon. The name of Dilmun fell from use after the collapse of Neo-Babylon in 538 BC.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2332642", "text": "These two daemons are called the resource manager and the application manager respectively. The resource manager allocates resources to various applications, and the application manager monitors the execution of the process."}
{"id": "doc2332984", "text": "There are numerous unsubstantiated theories put forward for the derivation being from an Aboriginal source. These include that the word Canberra is derived from the rendition into written English of the Aboriginal name Ngambri, which allegedly was the name of a small camp site north of the Molonglo river on the side of Black Mountain, which subsequently became part of the pastoral property \"Springbank\". There are five non-evidenced theories for the latter; that it was an Aboriginal word meaning alternatively \"meeting place\", \"neutral place\", \"corroboree ground\", the \"head of the river\", the \"space between a woman's breasts\", or after the bird kookaburra or \"laughing jackass\". There is also a dispute whether this Aboriginal word came from the Ngarigu, Ngunawal, Nyamudy, Kamilroi, Walgalu or Wiradhari language. Academic reconstruction of the various pronunciations  by different Europeans results in a theoretical Aboriginal name for a Black Mountain peninsular camp site as Ng-aan-bira, of unknown or no meaning, in the local Nyamudy peoples dialect of the Ngarigu language. However, there is no contemporary recorded Aboriginal use of the word until after the name Canberry was used for the area around St John the Baptists Church."}
{"id": "doc2334133", "text": "Alex is able to prove her innocence in the Grand Central Terminal bombing case with the help of her classmates at Quantico as well as from the rogue hacking group dubbed \"The Unknown\". Later, it is revealed that the suspected bomber was former FBI analyst-trainee Elias Harper (Rick Cosnett), who had planted the bomb under the instruction of a terrorist mastermind. Having cleared her name in a congressional hearing, Alex is reinstated as an FBI agent and assigned to the field office in New York City, specifically the operations section, and now strives to uncover the true mastermind behind the bombings as the 2016 Presidential election draws ever closer. Prior to the election day, the terrorist kills Natalie Vasquez and Drew Perales to force Alex into doing his bidding. At the end of the first season, Liam is revealed to be the traitor, with Alex and Ryan killing him in the finale. After the bombings, the ensuing publicity, and Simon Asher's death, Alex is fired from the FBI. Two months after the presidential election, Alex is approached by Matthew Keyes (Henry Czerny), the director of the CIA, who extends an offer for her to join and work for the organization."}
{"id": "doc2334137", "text": "The team members are assigned missions to uncover the identities of the collaborators. They fail to achieve their goal after the media reports on the unsanctioned activities of the task force. Following the publicized accounts of the task force in the broadcast media, the Speaker of the House, Henry Roarke (Dennis Boutsikaris) takes the opportunity to criticize Claire's presidency and calls for her impeachment. After Haas resigns from her presidency as a result of the scandal, it is revealed that Roarke has succeeded in being appointed as the President of the United States. Shortly after his inauguration, he requests a new Constitutional Convention in order to rewrite the United States Constitution."}
{"id": "doc2334138", "text": "In the days leading to the Constitutional Convention, Alex and the rest of the task force try to stop Roarke from getting the votes needed to allow the Convention to take place. After their initial plan fails, they resort to a final strategy. At the convention in Philadelphia, Alex publicly broadcasts Roarke's recordings with the Federal Security Service and emails the evidence to the ACLU and other rights organizations, before having Miranda fake her death by shooting her at the event. Roarke, not willing to face the press or the police, commits suicide."}
{"id": "doc2334656", "text": "Reflecting increased concern with sustainability, urban ecology and quality of life, efforts to move towards sustainable municipal infrastructure are common in developed nations, especially in European Union and Canada (where the FCM InfraGuide provides an officially mandated best practice exchange to move municipalities in this direction)."}
{"id": "doc2335293", "text": "Nace is drunk and of no help. Jones, who is black, is refused a loan by Kruft, a banker in town, so in anger he decides to spring Gambroni from jail. Billy Joe retaliates by calling in his armed militia, so Nace steals a tank from the base and fights back. Harve takes three of the soldiers as his prisoners."}
{"id": "doc2336226", "text": "EA Games has also made Hasbro Family Game Night 4: The Game Show which features Bop It as a playable simulation.[35]"}
{"id": "doc2336332", "text": "The challenges were filmed mostly in Boston and various other parts of the USA, depending on the challenges, during summertime when the children are out of school. The challenges, which were out on the field, are cut documentary-style, very similar to network reality TV shows."}
{"id": "doc2337413", "text": "Some claim that the origin of the word \"paella\" comes from the Arabic \u0628\u064e\u0642\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629, pronounced baqiyyah, meaning \"leftovers\". This claim is based on the 8th century custom where Moorish kings' servants would take home the rice, chicken, and vegetables their employers left at the end of the meal.[16][17][18][19] However, this etymology is impossible because paella didn't appear until six centuries after Moorish Valencia was conquered by Jaume I.[20]"}
{"id": "doc2337863", "text": "Corry is in Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district and is represented in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Glenn Thompson, who was elected in 2008. Republican Scott Hutchinson of the 21st District has represented Corry in the Pennsylvania State Senate since 2013. Corry is contained by the 4th District of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and is represented by Republican Curt Sonney."}
{"id": "doc2339378", "text": "Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a relatively energetically poor process used by many Gram-negative bacteria found within the deltaproteobacteria, Gram-positive organisms relating to Desulfotomaculum or the archaeon Archaeoglobus. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced as a metabolic end product. For sulfate reduction electron donors and energy are needed."}
{"id": "doc2339886", "text": "In the mid-19th century, the hinterlands of the North American East Coast opened up rapidly.[1] In Canada, entrepreneur and politician William Hamilton Merritt helped establish several trade routes, especially in dredged waterways between the lake cities. He also envisioned a U.S. and Canadian rail network to connect the Atlantic coast with new territories in the West, and this led to a railway suspension bridge across the Niagara River below the falls.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2340329", "text": "As is shown below, what is important are the differences, \n\n\n\n\nU\n\n11\n\n\n\u2212\n\nU\n\n21\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle U_{11}-U_{21}}\n\n and \n\n\n\n\nU\n\n22\n\n\n\u2212\n\nU\n\n12\n\n\n\n\n{\\displaystyle U_{22}-U_{12}}\n\n."}
{"id": "doc2340753", "text": "The Johannine narrative (chapter 5) describes the porticos as being a place in which large numbers of infirm people were waiting, which corresponds well with the site's 1st century AD use as an asclepieion. Some ancient biblical manuscripts argue that these people were waiting for the troubling of the water;[14] a few such manuscripts  also move the setting away from Roman rituals into something more appropriate to Judaism, by adding that an angel would occasionally stir the waters, which would then cure the first person to enter.[14] Although the Latin Vulgate does not include the troubling of the water or the \"angel tradition\", these were present in many of the manuscripts used for the Greek Textus Receptus, which was used by early English translators of the Bible, who therefore included it in their translations. Modern textual scholarship views these extra details as unreliable and unlikely to have been part of the original text; many modern translations do not include the troubling of the water or the \"angel tradition\", but leave the earlier numbering system, so that they skip from verse 3a straight to verse 5.[15][16]"}
{"id": "doc2340830", "text": "More generally, the rate of orbital decay can be approximated by[39]"}
{"id": "doc2341207", "text": "The next morning, Ann fears she made out with someone at the party but cannot remember. She eventually learns she made out with Chris, who shows a romantic interest in her. Tom returns to the Snakehole Lounge to close his tab, where he meets the bartender, Lucy (Natalie Morales), who makes fun of his efforts to pick up women. The two get along and Lucy gives Tom her phone number, to his immense pleasure. Leslie decides to apologize to Ben, and he invites her out for a beer. As they finally start to get along, Leslie realizes Ben was the mayor of a small town called Partridge, Minnesota. It was national news because he was only 18 when elected, and he promptly drove the entire government into the ground. Ben became a state auditor to prove he can be responsible and restart his political career. Later, at the parks department budget meeting, Chris and Ben reveal Pawnee's budget crisis was far worse than previously thought and that the Pawnee government will shut down until further notice, horrifying Leslie and delighting Ron."}
{"id": "doc2341685", "text": "The English composer Benjamin Britten adapted the tune for part of his 1939 orchestral composition Canadian Carnival."}
{"id": "doc2341977", "text": "The game received mixed to positive reviews from critics, praising the new mechanics but criticizing its difficulty in comparison with its predecessor. A sequel to the game, Five Nights at Freddy's 3, was released on March 2, 2015."}
{"id": "doc2344470", "text": "In Watson\u2019s college experience, he met professors and colleagues that would assist him on his journey to becoming a well-known psychologist. These peers played an important role in his success in developing psychology into a credible field of study and his understanding of behaviorism. To Watson, behaviorism was a declaration of faith. It was based on the idea that a methodology could transform psychology into a science. He wanted to make psychology more scientifically acceptable. Later, Watson became interested in the work of Ivan Pavlov (1849\u20131936), and eventually included a highly simplified version of Pavlov's principles in his popular works.[15]"}
{"id": "doc2345266", "text": "In the beginning, the college was affiliated with the University of Calcutta[6] for the matriculation examination but became an affiliate of Allahabad University in 1885. In 1877, the school was raised to college level and Lord Lytton laid the foundation stone of the college building.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2346011", "text": "Ralph Vaughan Williams set the poem to music in his 1958 song cycle Ten Blake Songs."}
{"id": "doc2347811", "text": "Simon (Steven Ogg) and one group of Saviors capture Jerry en route to the Hilltop, and use him as a hostage to coerce Maggie (Lauren Cohan) and Jesus (Tom Payne) to turn a convoy of Hilltop soldiers around and return back to Hilltop. Simon kills Neil (Karl Funk) as punishment after Maggie agrees. On return to the Hilltop, Maggie executes one of the Savior prisoners, Dean (Adam Fristoe), in retribution, and orders the Hilltop to be fortified. Elsewhere, Gavin (Jayson Warner Smith) leads the Saviors to round up all the residents of the Kingdom, informing them they will be helping to rebuild Sanctuary while the Saviors will be living in the Kingdom until that is completed. Ezekiel (Khary Payton), who had sneaked away, creates a distraction that allows the Kingdom residents to escape into the nearby woods. Carol encounters them, and tries to help Ezekiel, but he locks her out of the Kingdom to face the Saviors alone. Morgan (Lennie James) observes this from a distance."}
{"id": "doc2349886", "text": "Depending on one's choice of the x0 p0 product, the expression may be written in many ways. If x0 p0 is chosen to be h, then"}
{"id": "doc2350463", "text": "Television shows and movies have been filmed in Bel Air, or are said to take place in the community. Exterior shots for the Beverly Hillbillies were shot in and around 750 Bel Air Road,[16] built by Lynn Atkinson (and later sold to hotelier Arnold Kirkeby after Atkinson's wife refused to move into a house she thought too ostentatious). After the exterior shooting was completed, the residents of that address forbade any more filming, as passers-by would wander onto the property and ask to see 'Granny'.[17] Exterior scenes from movies such as Get Shorty have also been filmed in the area.[citation needed] Several episodes of the television show The Rockford Files were filmed in Bel Air.[18] The television sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air was set in the neighborhood, although the exterior shots used were filmed in nearby Brentwood.[19] The Bel Air Film Festival, first held in 2008,[20] is an annual international film festival held in Bel Air and the Los Angeles area."}
{"id": "doc2351077", "text": "In 1870, a father and son, Henry and Charles Lum, purchased the land for 75 cents an acre. The first structure to be built on this uninhabited oceanfront was the Biscayne House of Refuge, constructed in 1876 by the United States Life-Saving Service at approximately 72nd Street. Its purpose was to provide food, water, and a return to civilization for people who were shipwrecked. The next step in the development of the future Miami Beach was the planting of a coconut plantation along the shore in the 1880s by New Jersey entrepreneurs Ezra Osborn and Elnathan Field, but this was a failed venture. One of the investors in the project was agriculturist John S. Collins, who achieved success by buying out other partners and planting different crops, notably avocados, on the land that would later become Miami Beach. Meanwhile, across Biscayne Bay, the City of Miami was established in 1896 with the arrival of the railroad, and developed further as a port when the shipping channel of Government Cut was created in 1905, cutting off Fisher Island from the south end of the Miami Beach peninsula."}
{"id": "doc2352380", "text": "During the course of the series, 105 episodes of Rizzoli & Isles aired\u00c2\u00a0over seven seasons."}
{"id": "doc2352487", "text": "In stool samples, microscopy will show gram-negative rods, with no particular cell arrangement. Then, either MacConkey agar or EMB agar (or both) are inoculated with the stool. On MacConkey agar, deep red colonies are produced, as the organism is lactose-positive, and fermentation of this sugar will cause the medium's pH to drop, leading to darkening of the medium. Growth on EMB agar produces black colonies with a greenish-black metallic sheen. This is diagnostic of E. coli. The organism is also lysine positive, and grows on TSI slant with a (A/A/g+/H2S-) profile. Also, IMViC is {+ + \u00e2\u20ac\u201c -} for E. coli; as it is indole-positive (red ring) and methyl red-positive (bright red), but VP-negative (no change-colourless) and citrate-negative (no change-green colour). Tests for toxin production can use mammalian cells in tissue culture, which are rapidly killed by shiga toxin. Although sensitive and very specific, this method is slow and expensive.[50]"}
{"id": "doc2353712", "text": "According to Michael Bearden, a film and music producer who worked on the concerts playing keyboard and acting as the concert's musical director, the setlist for the concerts was never finalized prior to Jackson's death.[49] Most of the songs due to be featured in the concerts were showcased in Michael Jackson's This Is It, while the inclusion of several other songs were confirmed in the film's DVD special features. The songs showcased in the film included Wanna Be Startin' Somethin', Jam, They Don't Care About Us, Human Nature, Smooth Criminal, The Way You Make Me Feel, a medley of Jackson 5 songs including I Want You Back, The Love You Save, and I'll Be There, Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground), I Just Can't Stop Loving You, Thriller, Beat It, Black or White, Earth Song, Billie Jean, Man in the Mirror, and Heal the World. Meanwhile, it was later confirmed that Stranger in Moscow, You Are Not Alone, You Rock My World, Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough, Rock With You, Dirty Diana, Dangerous, Bad, We Are the World, and Will You Be There were also being prepared for the concerts. In an interview with Larry King, Lady Gaga revealed that she was to perform a song called \"Pictures\" as the opening act for the concerts."}
{"id": "doc2355469", "text": "Please Please Me is the debut studio album by English rock band the Beatles. Parlophone rush-released the album on 22\u00c2\u00a0March 1963[6] in the United Kingdom to capitalise on the success of their singles \"Please Please Me\" (No. 1 on most lists though only No. 2 on Record Retailer)[7] and \"Love Me Do\" (No. 17)."}
{"id": "doc2355916", "text": "By the mid-nineteenth century, there was a lumber operation,[clarification needed], orange groves, and packing house. Growth was slow until the arrival of the railroad in 1894. Then goods were brought in and produce was shipped to market faster."}
{"id": "doc2357458", "text": "Series three consists of ten episodes. Each episode is 60\u00c2\u00a0minutes in length."}
{"id": "doc2357463", "text": "In July 2012, US network FX ordered a pilot episode to be made for the American audience: El Paso, US\u00a0\u2013 Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico; the bridge being the Bridge of the Americas.[58] The series starred Diane Kruger as U.S. Detective Sonya Cross. Deadline.com announced in February 2013 that FX had picked up the drama series for a 13-episode order and filming began in April. The 13-episode series aired between 10 July 2013 and 2 October.[59] FX ordered a second series in September 2013, which aired in 2014.[60] FX cancelled further series of The Bridge.[61]"}
{"id": "doc2357495", "text": "The Scottish surname Gordon may be derived from several locations.[2] One possibility is from Gordon, in Berwickshire. Another possibility is from a similarly named place in Normandy.[2] The English surname Gordon is derived from the placename of Gourdon, in Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire, France. This location is derived from the Gallo-Roman personal name Gordus. In Ireland, the surname Gordon is of several origins. One origin of the surname is from the Scottish surname, which spread into Ireland in the 17th century during the plantation era; in the Irish language this name is spelt de G\u00f3rd\u00fan. Also, the surname Gordon is an Anglicised form of the Irish language Mag Mhuirneach\u00e1in, which is a patronymic form of the personal name Muirneach\u00e1n. This personal name is derived from the Irish language word muirneach, meaning \"beloved\".[3] Another origin of the Irish name Gordon is as an Anglicised form of the Irish language surname M\u00f3rbhoirneach.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2357497", "text": "The Spanish, and Galician surname Gord\u00c3\u00b3n is derived from places like-named in the Spanish and Galician languages. The Basque language Gordon is also derived from a like-named placename. Another origin for the Spanish surname is from the nickname Gordo,[3] which is derived from the Spanish language word gordo, meaning \"fat\".[5]"}
{"id": "doc2357946", "text": "On 16 August 2010, Giggs kept up his record of scoring in every Premier League season since its inception as he netted United's third in their 3\u20130 home victory over Newcastle United in their opening fixture of the new campaign. As he found the net in the final two seasons of the old Football League First Division, he had now scored in 21 successive top division campaigns.[84] On 17 January 2011, Giggs reached 600 league appearances (all for Manchester United), as he played in their goalless draw against Tottenham at White Hart Lane.[85] Giggs signed a one-year contract extension with Manchester United on 18 February, keeping him at the club until June 2012.[86] On 6 March 2011, Giggs surpassed the Manchester United league appearance record of Bobby Charlton by playing his 607th game against Liverpool. On 26 April, against Schalke 04 in the Champions League semi-final first leg, Giggs scored the first goal from a Wayne Rooney pass, also making himself the oldest goalscorer in Champions League history to date.[87] Giggs also played in the 2011 Champions League final, where Manchester United were defeated 3\u20131 by Barcelona.[88]"}
{"id": "doc2358359", "text": "Argon-37 then de-excites itself via electron capture (half-life = 35\u00c2\u00a0d) into chlorine-37 via the reaction"}
{"id": "doc2358564", "text": "In May 2017, producers of the film revealed that a sequel was being planned.[53]"}
{"id": "doc2358819", "text": "In this version of the story, a man who is desperate for money is offered the chance to make a fortune. All he has to do is commit an anonymous murder where he will not even have to see the victim. Actors for this radio play were Mason Adams, Paul Hecht, Evie Juster, Ralph Bell, and Will Hare."}
{"id": "doc2360235", "text": "We made love upon a bed"}
{"id": "doc2360720", "text": "The name \"de Vil\" is also a literary allusion to Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). In the novel, the realty firm Mitchell, Sons & Candy write a letter, dated 1 October, to Lord Godalming, informing him that the purchaser of a house in Piccadilly, London is \"a foreign nobleman, Count De Ville\". Count De Ville, however, proves to be an alias for Count Dracula himself."}
{"id": "doc2360748", "text": "She later ended up in the Enchanted Forest, where she became infamous for turning animals into outerwear. Rumplestiltskin (Robert Carlyle) recruited her, Ursula (Merrin Dungey) and Maleficent (Kristin Bauer van Straten) to acquire the Dark Curse. However, he double-crossed them and left them to be killed by the Chernabog. Escaping together, Cruella joined the two in trying to get assistance from Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Prince Charming (Josh Dallas) in preventing the Evil Queen (Lana Parrilla) from casting the curse. However, the Tree of Wisdom they consulted refused to answer due to Snow's pregnancy. Along with Ursula, Cruella was asked by Maleficent to act as a guard while she went through childbirth as a dragon. As a result, Cruella was sucked into a portal with Ursula and the child to the Land Without Magic, due to a spell cast by the Apprentice. She and the Sea Witch steal the egg the baby was in and use the magic to prolong their youth in the magicless world. She later married Mr. Feinberg and lived in a mansion off Long island in New York."}
{"id": "doc2360806", "text": "Along the coast, tides reached up to 10\u00a0ft (3\u00a0m) above mean sea level. Strong winds lashed North Florida, with sustained wind of 125\u00a0mph (205\u00a0km/h) observed in St. Augustine. In Jacksonville, approximately 156,000\u00a0customers were left without electricity, while about 19% of phones in Duval County were out of service. Much of the damage in the Jacksonville area occurred to older buildings and those located in coastal areas. Additionally, sections of the city experienced wind-induced river flooding in the vicinity of the St. Johns River. Heavy rainfall damaged many unharvested crops and inundated numerous of roads and bridges, isolated some communities for several days. Throughout Florida, 74\u00a0dwellings were flattened and 9,374\u00a0received damage, while 14\u00a0mobile homes were destroyed and 218\u00a0others suffered severe impact. About 50\u00a0farm buildings and 423\u00a0small businesses were severely damaged or demolished. Three deaths and at least $230\u00a0million in damage occurred. In Georgia, the storm damaged about 1,135\u00a0homes and obliterated five others. Additionally, 18\u00a0trailers suffered major impact, while 43\u00a0small businesses were destroyed or experienced severe damage. There was one death in the state and at least $9\u00a0million in damage. A few other states were affected by the storm, though impact there was much lesser. One death occurred in Virginia. Overall, Dora caused $280\u00a0million in damage and five deaths."}
{"id": "doc2361044", "text": "Queen Elizabeth II (BMus, LLD), Queen of the United Kingdom and\nthe other Commonwealth realms"}
{"id": "doc2361509", "text": "Three months later, Papa Joe is sent to trial for a third time. However, the reporters on-scene anticipate his acquittal. The brothers and Il Duce, aided by Smecker, infiltrate the trial after sliding their weapons over the metal detector. Unmasked, they make a speech stating that they intend to eradicate evil wherever they find it before reciting their family prayer and killing Papa Joe. The media dubs the three as \"the Saints\"."}
{"id": "doc2361673", "text": "The radial artery is often punctured in a common procedure to obtain an arterial blood gas. Such a procedure may first involve an Allen's test."}
{"id": "doc2361734", "text": "If the number is divisible by six, take the original number (246) and divide it by two (246 \u0e23\u0e17 2 = 123). Then, take that result and divide it by three (123 \u0e23\u0e17 3 = 41). This result is the same as the original number divided by six (246 \u0e23\u0e17 6 = 41)."}
{"id": "doc2361775", "text": "A number is divisible by a given divisor if it is divisible by the highest power of each of its prime factors. For example, to determine divisibility by 36, check divisibility by 4 and by 9.[5] Note that checking 3 and 12, or 2 and 18, would not be sufficient. A table of prime factors may be useful."}
{"id": "doc2362171", "text": "In Norse mythology, a valkyrie (from Old Norse valkyrja \"chooser of the slain\") is one of a host of female figures who decide who will die in battle. Selecting among half of those who die in battle (the other half go to the goddess Freyja's afterlife field F\u00f3lkvangr), the valkyries bring their chosen to the afterlife hall of the slain, Valhalla, ruled over by the god Odin. There, when the einherjar are not preparing for the events of Ragnar\u00f6k, the valkyries bear them mead. Valkyries also appear as lovers of heroes and other mortals, where they are sometimes described as the daughters of royalty, sometimes accompanied by ravens, and sometimes connected to swans."}
{"id": "doc2362173", "text": "Some valkyrie names may be descriptive of the roles and abilities of the valkyries. The valkyrie name Herja may point to an etymological connection to Hariasa, a Germanic goddess attested on a stone from 187 CE.[3] The name Herfj\u00f6tur has been theorized as pointing to the ability of the valkyries to place fetters, which would connect the valkyries to the earlier Idisi.[4] The name Svipul may be descriptive of the influence the valkyries have over wyrd or \u00f8rlog\u2014a Germanic concept of fate.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2362748", "text": "The surname Hamilton most probably originated in the village of Hamilton, Leicestershire, England,[1][2][3] but bearers of that name became established in the 13th century in Lanarkshire, Scotland.[3] The town of Hamilton, South Lanarkshire was named after the family some time before 1445.[4][5] Contemporary Hamiltons are either descended from the original noble family, or descended from people named after the town.[2][4]"}
{"id": "doc2362801", "text": "Order: Apodiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Apodidae"}
{"id": "doc2362869", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Aegithalidae"}
{"id": "doc2364249", "text": "\"Broken Home\", along with the eight episodes from Body of Proof's first season, were released on a two-disc DVD set in the United States on September 20, 2011.[8] The sets included brief audio commentaries from various crew and cast members for several episode's,[8] a preview of season 2 and a 10-minute \"featurette\" on the making of the show, with commentaries from the medical consultants who helped with the script, as well as a \"Contaminated Evidence\" blooper reel.[8]"}
{"id": "doc2365468", "text": "James Brighouse, founder of the Order of Enoch"}
{"id": "doc2365901", "text": "M, N."}
{"id": "doc2366135", "text": "In response to floods caused by hurricanes in 1947, the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control Project (C&SF) was established to construct flood control devices in the Everglades. The C&SF built 1,400 miles (2,300\u00a0km) of canals and levees between the 1950s and 1971 throughout South Florida. Their last venture was the C-38 canal, which straightened the Kissimmee River and caused catastrophic damage to animal habitats, adversely affecting water quality in the region. The canal became the first C&SF project to revert when the 22-mile (35\u00a0km) canal began to be backfilled, or refilled with the material excavated from it, in the 1980s."}
{"id": "doc2366137", "text": "A commission appointed by Governor Chiles published a report in 1995 stating that South Florida was unable to sustain its growth, and the deterioration of the environment was negatively affecting daily life for residents in South Florida. The environmental decline was predicted to harm tourism and commercial interests if no actions were taken to halt current trends. Results of an eight-year study that evaluated the C&SF were submitted to the United States Congress in 1999. The report warned that if no action was taken the region would rapidly deteriorate. A strategy called the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) was enacted to restore portions of the Everglades, Lake Okeechobee, the Caloosahatchee River, and Florida Bay to undo the damage of the past 50\u00a0years. It would take 30\u00a0years and cost $7.8\u00a0billion to complete. Though the plan was passed into law in 2000, it has been compromised by politics and funding problems."}
{"id": "doc2366144", "text": "In the 1960s, the C&SF came under increased scrutiny from government overseers and conservation groups. Critics maintained its size was comparable to the Tennessee Valley Authority's dam-building projects during the Great Depression, and that the construction had run into the billions of dollars without any apparent resolution or plan.[19] The projects of the C&SF have been characterized as part of \"crisis and response\" cycles that \"ignored the consequence for the full system, assumed certainty of the future, and succeeded in solving the momentary crisis, but set in motion conditions that exaggerate future crises\".[20] The last project, to build a canal to straighten the winding floodplain of the Kissimmee River that had historically fed Lake Okeechobee which in turn fed the Everglades, began in 1962. Marjory Stoneman Douglas later wrote that the C&SF projects were \"interrelated stupidity\", crowned by the C-38 canal.[21] Designed to replace a meandering 90-mile (140\u00a0km) river with a 52-mile (84\u00a0km) channel, the canal was completed in 1971 and cost $29\u00a0million. It supplanted approximately 45,000 acres (180\u00a0km2) of marshland with retention ponds, dams, and vegetation.[22] Loss of habitat has caused the region to experience a drastic decrease of waterfowl, wading birds, and game fish.[23] The reclaimed floodplains were taken over by agriculture, bringing fertilizers and insecticides that washed into Lake Okeechobee. Even before the canal was finished, conservation organizations and sport fishing and hunting groups were calling for the restoration of the Kissimmee River.[22]"}
{"id": "doc2368994", "text": "The Roman Empire was administered by a hierarchy of regional proconsuls and their deputies. The reforms of Diocletian doubled the number of administrative districts and led to a large-scale expansion of Roman bureaucracy.[26] The early Christian author Lactantius claimed that Diocletian's reforms led to widespread economic stagnation, since \"the provinces were divided into minute portions, and many presidents and a multitude of inferior officers lay heavy on each territory.\"[27] After the Empire split, the Byzantine Empire developed a notoriously complicated administrative hierarchy, and in time the term \"Byzantine\" came to refer to any complex bureaucratic structure.[28]"}
{"id": "doc2369112", "text": "The Bahia Honda railroad bridge was originally built by Henry Flagler as part of the FEC's Overseas Railroad. Opened in 1912, Flagler funded the railway construction between Miami and Key West using his own personal funds.[3] The Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 destroyed much of the line, and FEC sought abandonment. It was purchased by the state of Florida and converted for highway use in 1938.[4] Rather than rebuilding the bridge, the top of the structure was redecked for use as the Overseas Highway (the existing deck inside the truss was too narrow for vehicular traffic)."}
{"id": "doc2370090", "text": "The lyrics are under copyright but have been republished in full in an academic journal, with permission.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2370166", "text": "The Book of Revelation describes the Seven Spirits of God which surround the throne, and John wishes his readers in the Seven Asian churches to be blessed with grace from God, from the seven who are before God's throne, and from Jesus Christ in Heaven.  John states that in front of the throne there appears to be \"a sea of glass, clear as crystal\", and that the throne is surrounded by a lion, an ox, a man, and a flying eagle; each with six wings and covered with eyes, who constantly cry \"Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty, who was, and is, and is to come\" repeatedly. It is also said that \"out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices\".[5]"}
{"id": "doc2370519", "text": "Federally, Pittsburgh is part of Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district, represented by Democrat Michael F. Doyle since 1995."}
{"id": "doc2370683", "text": "I wish to speak a word for Nature, for absolute Freedom and Wildness, as contrasted with a Freedom and Culture merely civil, \u2014 to regard man as an inhabitant, or a part and parcel of Nature, rather than a member of society. \u2014 \"Walking\""}
{"id": "doc2370772", "text": "The term hamburger originally derives from Hamburg,[1] Germany's second-largest city. In German, Burg means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names. The first element of the name is perhaps from Old High German hamma, referring to a bend in a river, or Middle High German hamme, referring to an enclosed area of pastureland.[2] Hamburger in German is the demonym of Hamburg, similar to frankfurter and wiener, names for other meat-based foods and demonyms of the cities of Frankfurt and Vienna (Wien), respectively."}
{"id": "doc2372193", "text": "In 647 BC, the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal leveled the Elamite capital city of Susa during a war in which the inhabitants apparently participated on an opposing side. A tablet unearthed in 1854 by Austen Henry Layard in Nineveh reveals Ashurbanipal as an \"avenger\", seeking retribution for the humiliations the Elamites had inflicted on the Mesopotamians over the centuries."}
{"id": "doc2372195", "text": "In the golden age of Babylon, Nabopolassar was intent on conquering from the pharaoh Necho II (who was still hoping to restore Assyrian power) the western provinces of Syria, and to this end dispatched his son Nebuchadnezzar II with a powerful army westward. In the ensuing Battle of Carchemish in 605 BC, the Egyptian army was defeated and driven back, and Syria and Phoenicia were brought under the sway of Babylon. Nabopolassar died in August of that year, and Nebuchadrezzar II returned home to Babylon to ascend to the throne."}
{"id": "doc2372303", "text": "The tune was first called \"Londonderry Air\" in 1894 when Katherine Tynan Hinkson set the words of her \"Irish Love Song\" to it:"}
{"id": "doc2372456", "text": "The song was first published in Gibbons's First Set of Madrigals and Motets of 5 parts (1612). (Gibbons dedicated this collection to Hatton.)"}
{"id": "doc2372621", "text": "Every normal mammal eye has a scotoma in its field of vision, usually termed its blind spot. This is a location with no photoreceptor cells, where the retinal ganglion cell axons that compose the optic nerve exit the retina. This location is called the optic disc. There is no direct conscious awareness of visual scotomas. They are simply regions of reduced information within the visual field. Rather than recognizing an incomplete image, patients with scotomas report that things \"disappear\" on them.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2373327", "text": "Through the fourth trip, the cast was made up entirely of Non-Summit cast members, current and past.[14] After that, some new cast members were added, including South Korean television personalities and K-pop idols; who, in some cases, played host in their respective countries, augmenting the list of foreign cast members and countries visited.[14] The first instance was the fifth trip to Canada which visited Henry Lau's home in Toronto, as well as Non-Summit cast member Guillaume Patry's home in Quebec.[15]"}
{"id": "doc2373417", "text": "In July 2010, Lily Allen was slated to appear on the show for an interview and to perform with Professor Green, but she ended up pulling out at the last minute for medical reasons, along with Green. Due to this being her second time pulling out of Chatty Man, Carr berated her in front of his audience before filming. She later apologised to him on Twitter.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2374276", "text": "After Dobermann's death in 1894, the Germans named the breed Dobermann-pinscher in his honor, but a half century later dropped the word 'pinscher' on the grounds that this German word for 'terrier' was no longer appropriate. The British did the same a few years later; now the US and Canada are the only countries who continue to use Pinscher and have dropped an \"n\" from Dobermann's surname.[42]"}
{"id": "doc2374307", "text": "There were 75 House of Representative seats to be filled. The initial number of seats for each state were set out in the Australian Constitution. New South Wales was allocated 26, Victoria 23, Queensland 9, South Australia 7, Western Australia 5 and Tasmania 5. The South Australian and Tasmanian colonial parliaments had not legislated for single member electorates, so their House of Representative members were elected from a single statewide electorate. In South Australia, each elector cast seven votes, while in Tasmania, each elector cast one vote."}
{"id": "doc2375594", "text": "Voice-over: Carl Gallagher"}
{"id": "doc2376691", "text": "Even before the United States acquired California after the Mexican\u2013American War (1846\u201348), many heading for California used the isthmus crossing in preference to the long and dangerous wagon route across the vast plains and rugged mountain ranges. Discovery of gold in 1848 increased traffic greatly. In 1847 a group of New York City financiers organized the Panama Railroad Company. This company secured an exclusive concession from Colombia allowing construction of a crossing, which might be by road, rail, river, or a combination. After surveys, a railroad was chosen, and a new contract so specifying was obtained in 1850. The railroad track followed generally the line of the present canal. The first through train from the Atlantic to the Pacific side ran on the completed track on January 28, 1855."}
{"id": "doc2376695", "text": "In 1869 the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in the United States. This development reduced passenger and freight traffic across the isthmus and diminished the amount of gold and silver shipped east. During the height of the gold rush, however, from 1855 to 1858, only one-tenth of the ordinary commercial freight was destined for or originated in California. The balance concerned trade of the North Americans with Europe and Asia. The railroad company, because of its exceptionally high return on a capitalization that never exceeded US$7 million, paid a total of nearly US$38 million in dividends between 1853 and 1905. Panama received US$25,000 from Colombia's annuity and benefited from transient trade and some inflow of capital."}
{"id": "doc2376934", "text": "The title traditionally depends on the sex of the sovereign. The current Queen, Elizabeth II has had a long reign, and few if any people appointed as King's Counsel survive. It can be assumed that, should the Queen die and the title pass to a descendant, the title will again become KC, as the next three in line to the throne are male heirs."}
{"id": "doc2376956", "text": "Queen's Counsel are retained in several Commonwealth realms where Queen Elizabeth II is head of state."}
{"id": "doc2378343", "text": "Filming took place in Texas and Pendleton, Oregon.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2378729", "text": "Nawaz Sharif\nPML (N)"}
{"id": "doc2378781", "text": "Starting from 22 August 2013, several rounds of bye-elections were held by Election Commission to fill vacant seats in all constituent assemblies.[95] As of May 2017, bye-elections have been held for 33 National Assembly seats, 29 Punjab Assembly seats, 18 Sindh Assembly seats, 13 Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Assembly seats, and 6 Balochistan Assembly seats.[96] The consolidated results are as follows:[96][97]"}
{"id": "doc2378961", "text": "The first published version of the words appeared in 1916, when it was described as \"a dialect song which, for at least two generations past, has been sung in all parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire\".[3] Arnold Kellett calculates that the song \"could well have originated in the early years of the second half of the [19th] century, and not as late as 1877 ...\".[4]"}
{"id": "doc2380009", "text": "A Wheatfield with Cypresses (occasionally called A Cornfield with Cypresses) is any of three similar 1889 oil paintings by Vincent van Gogh, as part of his wheat field series. All were executed at the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole mental asylum at Saint-R\u00e9my near Arles, France, where Van Gogh was voluntarily a patient from May 1889 to May 1890. The works were inspired by the view from the window at the asylum towards the Alpilles mountains."}
{"id": "doc2380013", "text": "The National Gallery in London holds a similar version painted in Van Gogh's studio in September 1889, bought with the Courtauld Fund in 1923. It is unlined, and was never varnished or waxed. The third smaller version is held by a private collection (sold at Sotheby's in London in 1970; in the US in 1987)."}
{"id": "doc2381151", "text": "English philosopher and scientist Francis Bacon (1561\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1626),[66] in the Novum Organum noted that biased assessment of evidence drove \"all superstitions, whether in astrology, dreams, omens, divine judgments or the like\".[67] He wrote:"}
{"id": "doc2384634", "text": "The Mazatl\u00c3\u00a1n Carnival is distinguished from other carnivals for its distinctive accompaniment by Banda Sinaloa music that has transcended the world through what is today called \"la onda grupera.\" Events includes cultural activities (poetry contests, literature prizes, and shows of enormous artistic quality), with which the party extends to all sectors of the population and covers a range of local and tourist tastes."}
{"id": "doc2384757", "text": "Five is the third prime number. Because it can be written as 221 + 1, five is classified as a Fermat prime; therefore a regular polygon with 5\u00a0sides (a regular pentagon) is constructible with compass and unmarked straightedge. 5 is the third Sophie Germain prime, the first safe prime, the third Catalan number, and the third Mersenne prime exponent. Five is the first Wilson prime and the third factorial prime, also an alternating factorial. Five is the first good prime.[1] It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3n \u2212 1. It is also the only number that is part of more than one pair of twin primes. Five is a congruent number.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2384883", "text": "In addition, in 1938, a carbine version of the Mosin\u2013Nagant, the M38, was issued. The carbine used the same cartridge and action as other Mosins, but the barrel was shortened by 21.6\u00a0cm (8.5\u00a0in) to bring the weapon down to an overall length of 101.6\u00a0cm (40.0\u00a0in), with the forearm shortened in proportion. The idea was to issue the M38 to troops such as combat engineers, signal corps, and artillerymen, who could conceivably need to defend themselves from sudden enemy advances, but whose primary duties lay behind the front lines. Significantly, the front sight of the M38 was positioned in such a way that the Model 91/30's cruciform bayonet could not be mounted to the muzzle even if a soldier obtained one."}
{"id": "doc2385618", "text": "Wood's first memories of storytelling were in Sarasota, Florida, where her father was employed by Ringling Brothers Circus, commissioned to repaint the big top and sideshow murals. As Audrey became friends with the characters of the circus, she heard stories about them from the family of \"little people\" who lived next door to her family. She was the first of three girls. As the oldest, she began her gift of storytelling with her younger sisters. She would use her parents' art books and make up stories about the paintings. By the time she was in fourth grade, her ambition was to become an author/illustrator."}
{"id": "doc2386390", "text": "Due to his administrative tasks, the head of the clerics at the chapel of an imperial palace during the Carolingian Empire was called chancellor (from Latin: cancellarius). The chapel's college acted as the Emperor's chancery issuing deeds and capitularies. Since the days of Louis the German, the archbishop of Mainz was ex officio German archchancellor, a position he held until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, while de jure the archbishop of Cologne was chancellor of Italy and the archbishop of Trier of Burgundy. These three prince-archbishops were also prince-electors of the empire electing the King of the Romans. Already in medieval times, the German chancellor had political power like Archbishop Willigis (archchancellor 975\u20131011, regent for King Otto III of Germany 991\u2013994) or Rainald von Dassel (Chancellor 1156\u20131162 and 1166\u20131167) under Emperor Frederick Barbarossa."}
{"id": "doc2386680", "text": "Because of the building's size and location in one of the major tourist destinations of the United States, the Superdome routinely hosts major sporting events, including the Super Bowl, College Football Championship Game, and the Final Four in college basketball. The stadium was also the long-time home of the Tulane Green Wave football team of Tulane University until 2013 and was the home venue of the New Orleans Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1975 until 1979."}
{"id": "doc2388767", "text": "The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes dates the song to a manuscript compiled some time between 1770 and 1780. Chappell's Popular Music dates the song to 1792, when it was first published as sheet music. The notes by Stenhouse in the second volume of Johnson's Scots Musical Museum record a concurrent Anglo-Scottish publication.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc2388774", "text": "One suggested precursor to the bawdy song, recorded in William's Upper Thames collection is the following \"old morris fragment\":[8]"}
{"id": "doc2389178", "text": "Laine MacNeil (born October 28, 1996)[1][2] is a Canadian actress. MacNeil made her motion picture debut at the age of thirteen, and is perhaps best known for her role as Patty Farrell in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid feature film franchise, which earned her five Young Artist Award nominations, including a win as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Feature Film."}
{"id": "doc2389179", "text": "MacNeil was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She began her acting career at a young age, and appeared in her first significant film production in a non-negligible marginal role. In Mr. Troop Mom with all-rounder George Lopez in 2009 she had the role of the Kayla. The following year the young actress came to her international breakthrough when she was cast in the role months before As Patty Farrell in the first film adaptation of the successful book series Diary of a Wimpy Kid. The first part of the film, including her older brother Donnie His first significant role in the film and television business, he mimed the character Wade."}
{"id": "doc2390440", "text": "In a flashback to the 1950s, Dales (Fredric Lane) and his partner Hayes Michel are sent to arrest Skur (Garret Dillahunt) for being a communist. When Dales is told that Skur hanged himself while in custody, he feels guilty and returns to Skur's house to apologize to his wife. While there, he sees Skur alive and tries to recapture him. In the following struggle, an appendage emerges from Skur's mouth. Skur is forced to flee when a neighbor interrupts the fight. Dales' partner and Roy Cohn warn Dales to change his report about the attack. He does so, but feels guilty about it."}
{"id": "doc2390637", "text": "All episodes were directed by Jean Louis-Vandestoc unless noted. 13 episodes were broadcast in 2014\u00e2\u20ac\u201c15 on France 3, and 13 new episodes were broadcast in 2016 on France 4."}
{"id": "doc2390881", "text": "There are other expressions in this particular festival named according to the location, such as the Devils of Naiguat\u00c3\u00a1 and the Devils of Chuao."}
{"id": "doc2391390", "text": "The first ten episodes were shown on DR1 each Sunday from early January to the middle of March 2007 and the intention was to show the remaining ten episodes in January\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMarch 2008; however it was so popular in Denmark that in early March it was announced that the final ten episodes would be brought forward to the autumn of 2007; they were shown from late September to late November 2007."}
{"id": "doc2391797", "text": "Kid Blue captures Old Joe and takes him to Abe. Old Joe breaks free and kills Abe and his henchmen, then travels to Sara's farm. While Young Joe kills Kid Blue, Old Joe pursues Sara and Cid. Cid's face is grazed by a bullet and he creates a telekinetic blast, but is calmed by Sara before he can kill them. Telling Cid to run into the cane field, Sara stands between Old Joe and her son. Realizing that Sara's death will turn Cid into the Rainmaker, Young Joe commits suicide, erasing Old Joe's existence, saving Sara and preventing Cid from becoming the Rainmaker."}
{"id": "doc2392865", "text": "The film premiered at the London Film Festival on 13 October 2017. It was also shown as the closing film at the Pan African Film Festival on 19 February 2018[5] and was shown at the Belgrade Film Festival on 28 February 2018 before being released in the United States on 9 March 2018."}
{"id": "doc2393669", "text": "The late 1860s and early 1870s were a time of frenetic railway construction and associated land speculation. Rather than a managed system of national railroad construction through public works or leaving the construction of lines strictly to market forces, Congress attempted to spur the growth of the industry through the grant of enormous tracts of public lands to privately owned railway companies. In May 1869 the First Transcontinental Railroad across the North American continent was completed, bringing many localities to within reach of a national market for the first time."}
{"id": "doc2395513", "text": "Depending on the outlook and precepts of various religions in which he is a figure, Azrael may be portrayed as residing in the Third Heaven.[1]:288 In one description, he has four faces and four thousand wings, and his whole body consists of eyes and tongues whose number corresponds to the number of people inhabiting the Earth. He is recording and erasing constantly in a large book the names of men at birth and death, respectively.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2395516", "text": "The biblical angel of death is Mouriel who God the Father (Elohim) changed his name to Abbaton. One old writing with unusually good credentials that trace back to books deposited by the apostles in the first Church archives in Jerusalem is the Coptic \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Discourse of the Abbaton\", a sermon based on the text delivered by Timothy the Archbishop of Alexandria in 386.\nDepending on whether you have done good \"works\" or not while on earth, you will be visited by Abbaton in one of two forms. Either the calm and peaceful Man with a likeness to Adam or as a 7 headed monster to scare the soul of the unbeliever and filthy to a literal death on his or her deathbed.\n</http://www.thinlyveiled.com/Abbaton2.2MB.pdf>"}
{"id": "doc2395649", "text": "Currently, there are 27 genera recognized:[2]"}
{"id": "doc2396125", "text": "The golden eagle is used as a national symbol in Mexico and in many countries; it symbolizes many cultures and traditions in a various societies. It also symbolizes other countries such as Albania, Germany, Austria, and Kazakhstan. The Hopi tribe removes nestlings, raise them, and sacrifice them once they are mature. In 1986, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have issued a permit allowing the tribe to continue their activities legally. The golden eagle symbolizes many values such as grace, power, and magisterial wilderness. In North America, it is the largest bird of prey with physical features of dark brown with lighter golden-brown plumage. It is known as a mountain bird, which travels in open landscapes taken over by short vegetation. An example of this would be western part of the United States, Alaska, Northwestern Europe, Japan, eastern Siberia, etc. In the Western United States, the golden eagles were mainly found in forest areas, including tundra, shrub lands, grasslands, coniferous forests, and farmland. The eagles reside in areas where the human population is very few. The mortality of these birds is due to extensive land use and the attacks from ranchers.[7][8]"}
{"id": "doc2396140", "text": "Table 1. Major U.S. Code Sections of The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (codified generally as 16 U.S.C. 668-668d)[31][32]"}
{"id": "doc2396241", "text": "In the 1940s, he joined Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa which would later become the NPC in 1951. In 1948, he got a government scholarship and was off to England to study Local Government Administration which broadened his understanding and knowledge of governance."}
{"id": "doc2397460", "text": "Let all mankind recognize My unfathomable mercy. It is a sign for the end times; after it will come the day of justice."}
{"id": "doc2399229", "text": "Mexico City was built on the site of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. Besides the Aztecs or Mexica, the region was home to many other Nahuatl-speaking cultures as well; consequently many speakers of Nahuatl continued to live there and in the surrounding region, outnumbering the Spanish-speakers, and the Spanish of central Mexico incorporated a significant number of Hispanicized Nahuatl words and cultural markers. At the same time, as a result of Mexico City's central role in the colonial administration of New Spain, the population of the city included a relatively large number of speakers from Spain, and the city and the neighboring State of Mexico tended historically to exercise a standardizing effect over the language of the entire central region of the country."}
{"id": "doc2399996", "text": "As in the national government of the United States, power in Oklahoma is divided into three main branches: executive, legislative, and judicial."}
{"id": "doc2401371", "text": "Meanwhile, her son Matthew has been dating Danielle Van de Kamp, Bree's daughter. Matthew wants a \"normal life\" without the secrets and pressures of keeping a fugitive out of sight. He and Danielle hatch a scheme to have Caleb put down. Matthew tricks his brother into going to Danielle's house to rape her. Bree finds out and informs Betty that she will call the cops and send Caleb away forever. Betty will not have this and decides to poison Caleb because she refuses to have him locked away. By poisoning him, she thinks she will give him peace."}
{"id": "doc2402770", "text": "According to Gault, his friend Ronald Lewis made the call from the Gault family's trailer. Gault claims that Lewis had asked to use the telephone while Gault was getting ready for work. Then, not yet knowing to whom Lewis was speaking, Gault said, \"I heard him, ahem, using some pretty vulgar language\u2026 so I\u00a0\u2013 all I did was walk out, took the phone off him, hung it up, and told him\u00a0\u2013 I said, 'Hey, there's the door. Get out.'\"[3]"}
{"id": "doc2405244", "text": "He was a natural draftsman, and through long experimentation developed a mastery of color and tonality. Many of his works combine these skills. He uses a great variety of color palettes from nearly monochromatic to highly polychromatic. His works often have a fragile childlike quality to them and are usually on a small scale. He often used geometric forms as well as letters, numbers, and arrows, and combined them with figures of animals and people. Some works were completely abstract. Many of his works and their titles reflect his dry humor and varying moods; some express political convictions. They frequently allude to poetry, music and dreams and sometimes include words or musical notation. The later works are distinguished by spidery hieroglyph-like symbols. Rainer Maria Rilke wrote about Klee in 1921, \"Even if you hadn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t told me he plays the violin, I would have guessed that on many occasions his drawings were transcriptions of music.\"[13]"}
{"id": "doc2405253", "text": "Klee began to introduce a new technique in 1905: scratching on a blackened glass panel with a needle. In that manner he created about 57 Verre \u00e9glomis\u00e9 pictures, among those the 1905 Gartenszene (Scene on a Garden) and the 1906 Portr\u00e4t des Vaters (Portrait of a Father), with which he tried to combine painting and scratching.[70] Klee's solitary early work ended in 1911, the year he met and was inspired by the graphic artist Alfred Kubin, and became associated with the artists of the Blaue Reiter.[71]"}
{"id": "doc2405256", "text": "In den H\u00c3\u00a4usern von St. Germain, 1914, watercolor on paper on cardboard, Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern"}
{"id": "doc2405271", "text": "In this period Klee mainly worked on large-sized pictures. After the onset of illness, there were about 25 works in the 1936 catalogue, but his productivity increased in 1937 to 264 pictures, 1938 to 489, and 1939 \u2013 his most productive year \u2013 to 1254. They dealt with ambivalent themes, expressing his personal fate, the political situation and his joke. Examples are the watercolor painting Musiker (musician), a stickman face with partially serious, partially smiling mouth; and the Revolution des Viadukts (Revolution of the Viadukt), an anti-fascist art. In Viadukt (1937) the bridge arches split from the bank as they refuse to be linked to a chain and are therefore rioting.[83] Since 1938, Klee worked more intensively with hieroglyphic-like elements. The painting Insula dulcamara from the same year, which is one of his largest (88\u00a0cm \u00d7\u00a0176\u00a0cm (35\u00a0in \u00d7\u00a069\u00a0in)), shows a white face in the middle of the elements, symbolizing death with its black-circled eye sockets. Bitterness and sorrow are not rare in much of his works during this time."}
{"id": "doc2407635", "text": "The show was renewed for a fourth season on April 23, 2009.[5]  It premiered on September 27, 2009 on ABC.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2408092", "text": "Since general election in May 2013, numerous seats of the National Assembly of Pakistan become vacant. In most cases, the incumbent becomes ineligible to continue in office when a constituency election is invalidated by voting irregularities. In some case the incumbent died, resigned or vacated the seat in order to retain the seat the member won in their home constituency. Afterwards, by-elections were held in vacant constituencies to fill the vacant seats.[351]"}
{"id": "doc2408881", "text": "Production credits are adapted from the 7 inch vinyl[29] and reissue picture disc covers.[30]"}
{"id": "doc2409275", "text": "The Beatles had originally intended to use the title A Doll's House for the album they were recording during 1968. The release of Family's similarly titled debut then prompted them to adopt the minimalist title The Beatles for what is now more commonly referred to as The White Album due to its plain white sleeve."}
{"id": "doc2409548", "text": "As in French, the nasal consonants represented by the letters \u27e8m n\u27e9 are deleted in coda position, and in that case the preceding vowel becomes phonemically nasal, e.g. in genro /\u02c8\u0292\u1ebd.\u0281u/ ('son-in-law'). But a nasal consonant subsists when it is followed by a plosive, e.g. in cantar [k\u025c\u0303n\u02c8ta\u027e ~ k\u025cn\u02c8ta\u027e] ('to sing').[48] Vowel nasalization has also been observed non-phonemically as result of coarticulation, before heterosyllabic nasal consonants, e.g. in soma [\u02c8s\u00f5.m\u0250] ('sum').[49] Hence, one speaks discriminatingly of nasal vowels (i.e. phonemically so) and nasalized vowels. Additionally, a nasal monophthong /\u025c\u0303/ written \u27e8\u00e3\u27e9 exists independently of these processes, e.g. in rom\u00e3 /\u0280o\u02c8m\u025c\u0303/ ('pomegranade')."}
{"id": "doc2412432", "text": "Then, at that moment of climax, Yussuf took himself away from the jubilations and from the embracing arms to turn towards his Lord, praising him with a pure feeling of gratitude: My Lord! You have given me something of sovereignty and power and have taught me something of the interpretation of visions. Creator of the heavens and the earth! You are my Protector in this world and the here after. Let me die in submission and join the righteous. (Al-Qur'an 12:101)"}
{"id": "doc2413034", "text": "When the series began, Balki arrived in America to live with his distant cousin Larry Appleton, carrying his meager possessions in a trunk quaintly labeled \"America or Burst\". A scene depicting this trunk is shown during the opening credits throughout the run of the show, although it was somewhat shortened from season 3 on.  In the first scene of the pilot, he appears on his Cousin Larry's doorstep in Chicago, explaining that he had gone to Madison, Wisconsin to find Larry, only to find he had just moved to Chicago. The pilot to Perfect Strangers was originally filmed with comedian Louie Anderson as the Cousin Larry character; however the role was recast with Mark Linn-Baker playing the part, and the original pilot never aired."}
{"id": "doc2413204", "text": "The fourth season of The Fosters premiered on June 20, 2016 and ended on April 11, 2017. The season consisted of 20 episodes and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who foster a girl (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to juggle raising Latino twin teenagers, (Cierra Ramirez and Noah Centineo), and Stef's biological son (David Lambert). In this season, Callie is determined to find out about a police case who convicted a teenager of murder but learns the dark secrets surrounding the case. Meanwhile, after adopting AJ, Mike struggles with fatherhood while dealing with his girlfriend, Ana. Also, Mariana struggles to let go of Nick after the incident at school."}
{"id": "doc2413832", "text": "Quicken Loans Arena, commonly[citation needed] known as \"The Q\", is a multi-purpose arena in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The building is the home of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League, and the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League. It also serves as a secondary arena for Cleveland State Vikings men's and women's basketball."}
{"id": "doc2414402", "text": "The film was released theatrically in Canada and the United States by Paramount Pictures on February 23, 2018 and in China on April 13, 2018.[6] Across all three countries, it grossed $43 million against a production budget between $40\u00e2\u20ac\u201c55 million. It was released digitally (by Netflix) in a number of other countries on March 12, 2018. The film received praise for its visuals, acting, direction and thought-provoking story. According to Jonathan Pile of Empire magazine, the film addresses \"depression, grief and the human propensity for self-destruction\".[7]"}
{"id": "doc2414537", "text": "As of September 13, 2017[update], a total of 30 episodes of Odd Mom Out have aired."}
{"id": "doc2415290", "text": "R.D. National College was founded in 1922 in the city of Hyderabad in the then Sind Division of the Bombay Presidency (i.e. province) of British India by the Sindhi speaking Hindu community, under the inspiration of Dr. Annie Besant and Rishi Dayaram Gidumal, a Sindhi Hindu religious leader. After Partition, Mr. K.M. Kundnani, who had been its principal, re-founded it in Bandra, Mumbai in 1949, with critical assistance from Advocate H.G. Advani."}
{"id": "doc2418769", "text": "In 1974, the Coliseum hosted the NCAA Men's Final Four. It was the host of the Southern Conference men's basketball tournament from 1996 to 1999. The Coliseum has been the home for the ACC Women's Basketball Tournament since 2000, and is contracted through 2015. It has played host to 12 Men's NCAA Tournaments, most notably the 1974 Final Four and Lehigh's upset of Duke in 2012. It hosted the NCAA Tournament in 2006 and 2009, when it served as a first and second round site. It hosted the Greensboro Regional in the Women's NCAA Tournament in 2007 and 2008. The Coliseum is the first arena to host three basketball tournaments in consecutive weeks. The Coliseum has also hosted NBA basketball, high school basketball, and the Harlem Globetrotters."}
{"id": "doc2419056", "text": "The show has had an extended and sporadic run. The first three series were broadcast on the BBC from 1992 to 1995, followed by a series finale in the form of a two-part television film entitled The Last Shout in 1996. Creator Jennifer Saunders revived the show for a fourth series in 2001, after having written and submitted a pilot entitled Mirrorball, which recruited nearly all of the original cast in new roles. The pilot was intended to be turned into a series of episodes. However, Saunders felt the characters were far too rich and interesting to put aside, and were far better suited for her new story ideas. Instead of Mirrorball, a new series of Absolutely Fabulous was proposed to the BBC, which later commissioned the fourth series in 2001. From 2001 to 2004, two full series were produced, along with three one-off hour-long specials; Gay (retitled and issued as Absolutely Fabulous in New York for the United States) in 2002, Cold Turkey, a Christmas special in 2003, and White Box (another series finale), which aired in 2004. A Comic Relief sketch was broadcast in 2005."}
{"id": "doc2419103", "text": "Areas in and around Dunnellon served as filming locations for the 2001 horror film Jeepers Creepers, with a great deal of location work on Tiger Trail (a.k.a. High School Road), the road to Dunnellon High School, officially known as SW 180th Avenue Rd., just outside Rainbow Springs State Park."}
{"id": "doc2420483", "text": "The gates of hell are various places on the surface of the world that have acquired a legendary reputation for being entrances to the underworld. Often they are found in regions of unusual geological activity, particularly volcanic areas, or sometimes at lakes, caves or mountains."}
{"id": "doc2420503", "text": "In 1878, Rev. Thomas De Witt Talmage delivered a widely reprinted sermon titled \"The Gates of Hell\" at the Brooklyn Tabernacle, based on the scripture Matthew 16:18, message by Jesus to Peter \"...on this rock, I will build my church, and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it.\" Talmage's gates were metaphorical, including \"infamous literature,\" \"dissolute dance,\" \"indiscreet apparel,\" and \"alcoholic beverage\".[18][19]"}
{"id": "doc2422832", "text": "Among the television series in which he appeared are Mr. & Mrs. Dracula (1980), The Day Women Got Even (1980), The Carol Burnett Show (1991) and Stephen King's The Stand (1994)."}
{"id": "doc2426358", "text": "Vincent van Gogh, The Church at Auvers, 1890"}
{"id": "doc2426396", "text": "An excerpt from that statement was engraved in stone for \"The First Amendment Blacklist Memorial\" by Jenny Holzer at the University of Southern California."}
{"id": "doc2426419", "text": "All of Arizona's nine seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election in 2018."}
{"id": "doc2426896", "text": "In medicine pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) is the insertion of a catheter into a pulmonary artery. Its purpose is diagnostic; it is used to detect heart failure or sepsis, monitor therapy, and evaluate the effects of drugs.  The pulmonary artery catheter allows direct, simultaneous measurement of pressures in the right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and the filling pressure (\"wedge\" pressure) of the left atrium."}
{"id": "doc2426900", "text": "The catheter is introduced through a large vein\u00e2\u20ac\u201doften the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins.  From this entry site, it is threaded through the right atrium of the heart, the right ventricle, and subsequently into the pulmonary artery. The passage of the catheter may be monitored by dynamic pressure readings from the catheter tip or with the aid of fluoroscopy."}
{"id": "doc2426910", "text": "The procedure is not without risk, and complications can be life-threatening.  It can lead to arrhythmias, pseudoaneurysm formation or rupture of the pulmonary artery, thrombosis, infection, pneumothorax, bleeding, and other problems.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2426974", "text": "In the United States, a recess appointment is an appointment by the President of a federal official, who would normally require Senate confirmation, while the U.S. Senate is in recess. The United States Constitution requires most senior federal officials be confirmed by the Senate before assuming office, but the President may act alone to make the appointment while the Senate is in recess. To remain in effect, a recess appointment must be approved by the Senate by the end of the next session of Congress, or the position becomes vacant again; in current practice this means that a recess appointment must be approved by roughly the end of the next calendar year."}
{"id": "doc2427033", "text": "Nazriya Pakistan Council (NPC) is a trust and a non commercial organization. Its advisory body is a board of trustees comprising eminent personalities of the country. NPC is also managing the affairs of the Aiwan-i-Quaid an institution which provides a platform to organize seminars, symposia and conferences on important issues regarding Pakistan and Islamic ideology in order to achieve the NPC objectives.[16]"}
{"id": "doc2428288", "text": "The umbilical arteries are one of two arteries in the human body, that carry deoxygenated blood, the other being the pulmonary arteries."}
{"id": "doc2429823", "text": "There is also a plan to start a passenger service connecting Jacksonville to Miami using the FECR mainline, with stops at popular tourist attractions. The State of Florida has provided $116 of the $268 million needed to fund that project.[24] The remaining funding for the passenger line is expected to come from a federal grant, and the remaining funding to fix the local freight line from the Port to Hialeah is supposed to come from the Florida East Coast Railroad (FEC) at $10.9 million, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) at $10.9 million, with the PortMiami itself[16] providing $4.8 million.[19] In April 2011, Atlas Railroad Construction was chosen to rebuild the line, which was to be completed by 2012 and was estimated to remove 5% of the road traffic from the port.[25] On July 15, 2011, a ground-breaking ceremony marking the beginning of the rail link project, which is expected to create over 800 jobs and generate $33.38 million in wages, was performed by US Senator Bill Nelson, Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood, Miami-Dade Mayor Carlos Gim\u00e9nez, and Miami city mayor Tom\u00e1s Regalado.[19] The project has been named the PortMiami Intermodal and Rail Reconnection Project.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2430823", "text": "After the 1st verse and chorus, there is an a cappella moment, in which Jackson breathes to the drums and the bass, then the strings, then spins, drops down and claps, then he main song starts with the 2nd verse."}
{"id": "doc2430938", "text": "The only prime belonging to two pairs of cousin primes is 7. One of the numbers n,\u00a0n+4,\u00a0n+8 will always be divisible by 3, so n = 3 is the only case where all three are primes."}
{"id": "doc2431076", "text": "The epitaph on voice actor Mel Blanc's tombstone"}
{"id": "doc2431178", "text": "Can anyone please explain the difference to me? -- Tyler D Mace (talk \u00c2\u00b7 contr) 08:04, 26 February 2009 (UTC)"}
{"id": "doc2431531", "text": "Until 1989, the position of Architect of the Capitol was filled by appointment from the President of the United States for an indefinite term. Legislation enacted in 1989 provides that the Architect is to be appointed for a term of ten years by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, from a list of three candidates recommended by a congressional commission. Upon confirmation by the Senate, the Architect becomes an official of the legislative branch as an officer and agent of Congress;[citation needed] he is eligible for reappointment after completion of his term."}
{"id": "doc2431680", "text": "This is very close to the earliest printed version in 1805. A version published in John Bell's, Rhymes of Northern Bards (1812) gives this additional verse:"}
{"id": "doc2431682", "text": "The Opies have argued for an identification of the original Bobby Shafto with a resident of Hollybrook, County Wicklow, Ireland, who died in 1737.[1] However, the tune derives from the earlier \"Brave Willie Forster\", found in the Henry Atkinson manuscript from the 1690s,[3] and the William Dixon manuscript, from the 1730s, both from north-east England; besides these early versions, there are two variation sets for Northumbrian smallpipes, by John Peacock, from the beginning of the 19th century, and by Tom Clough, from the early 20th century. The song is also associated with the region, having been used by the supporters of Robert Shafto (sometimes spelt Shaftoe), who was an eighteenth-century British Member of Parliament (MP) for County Durham (c. 1730\u00e2\u20ac\u201c97), and later the borough of Downton in Wiltshire.[1] Supporters used another verse in the 1761 election:"}
{"id": "doc2432006", "text": "The origin of the name Guinea is thought to be an area in the region, although the specifics are disputed. Bovill (1995) gives a thorough description:[3]"}
{"id": "doc2432007", "text": "The name Guinea is usually said to have been a corrupt form of the name Ghana, picked up by the Portuguese in the Maghrib. The present writer finds this unacceptable. The name Guinea has been in use both in the Maghrib and in Europe long before Prince Henry's time. For example, on a map dated about 1320 by the Genoese cartographer Giovanni di Carignano, who got his information about Africa from a fellow-countryman in Sijilmas [ancient trading city in North Africa], we find Gunuia, and in the Catalan atlas of 1375 as Ginyia. A passage in Leo [Africanus] (vol. III, 822) points to Guinea having been a corrupt form of Jenne [2,000-year-old city in central Mali on Niger river], less famous than Ghana but nevertheless for many centuries famed in the Maghrib as a great market and a seat of learning. The relevant passage reads: \"The Kingdom of Ghinea . . . called by the merchants of our nation Gheneoa, by the natural inhabitants thereof Genni and by the Portugals and other people of Europe Ghinea.\" But it seems more probable that Guinea derives from aguinaou, the Berber for Negro. Marrakech [city in southeastern Morocco] has a gate, built in the twelfth century, called the Bab Aguinaou, the Gate of the Negro (Delafosse, Haut-S\u00e9n\u00e9gal-Niger, II, 277-278). The modern application of the name Guinea to the coast dates only from 1481. In that year the Portuguese built a fort, S\u00e3o Jorge da Mina (modern day Elmina), on the Gold Coast region, and their king, John II, was permitted by the Pope [Sixtus II or Innocent VIII] to style himself Lord of Guinea, a title that survived until the recent extinction of the monarchy."}
{"id": "doc2432580", "text": "Subfamily Chrysopsinae:"}
{"id": "doc2433968", "text": "As in malicious injury to property, one cannot in principle commit arson in respect of one's own property. The courts, however, including the appellate division, in R v Mavros,[323] have held that a person commits arson if he sets fire to his own property to claim its value from the insurer.[324] In the estimation of Snyman, \"It would have been better to punish this type of conduct as fraud instead of arson, but the courts will in all probability not depart from the appeal court's view.\"[325]"}
{"id": "doc2434664", "text": "After beginning his career with Manchester United in 2011, Pogba joined Italian side Juventus in 2012, and helped the club to four consecutive Serie A titles, as well as two Coppa Italia and two Supercoppa Italiana titles. During his time with the club, he established himself as one of the most promising young players in the world, and received the Golden Boy award in 2013, followed by the Bravo Award in 2014 and was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe. In 2016, Pogba was named to the 2015 UEFA Team of the Year as well as the 2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI, after helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final. Despite leaving Manchester United on a free transfer, Pogba returned to the club in 2016 for a then-world record transfer fee of \u20ac105\u00a0million (\u00a389.3\u00a0million).[4]"}
{"id": "doc2438080", "text": "The film was released in theaters across Germany on March 1, 2018 by Universum Film, and will be shown in the US by Shout! Factory from May 1, 2018, and the UK from July 6, 2018 by Signature Entertainment."}
{"id": "doc2438284", "text": "In March 2017, Aston Martin revealed that the car would be named Valkyrie, after the Norse mythological figure.[8] According to Red Bull, the name was chosen to continue the tradition of Aston Martin \"V\" cars and to distinguish the vehicle as a high-performance car (the \"V\" was used as the distinguishing factor).[9]"}
{"id": "doc2439294", "text": "In 1901, NWFP was declared as a Chief Commissioner Province and thirty-one years later in 1932 its status was raised to the Governor Province. In 1937, the Government of India Act 1935 was enforced in NWFP and NWFP Legislative Assembly was formed. The first session of parliament was summoned on 12 March 1946 under the Chairmanship of Sardar Bahadur Khan while Nawabzada Allah Nawaz Khan was elected as Speaker and Lala Girdheri Lal as Deputy Speaker on 13 March 1946. The total number of members was 50. This Assembly was dissolved in 1951 and the number of members was increased from 50 to 58. The legislative Assembly became a Provincial Assembly through a presidential order known as legal framework order 1970. After the restoration of the Provincial Assembly in 1970, General Elections were held for the NWFP Provincial Assembly on 17 December 1970. At that time the number of member\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s seats in the Assembly was 43 out of which 2 seats were reserved for women and only one for minorities. The first session of the Assembly was summoned on 2 May 1972 in the hall of Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, University Town Peshawar. Mr. Muhammad Aslam Khan Khattak was elected as Speaker and Arbab Saifur Rehman Khan as Deputy Speaker on 2 May 1972."}
{"id": "doc2439295", "text": "The Provincial Assembly with 124 elected members, constituent of 99 Regular seats, 22 seats reserved for Women and 3 seats for Non-Muslims elects the Chief Minister of the Province who forms a Cabinet of Ministers to look after various Departments. The Chief Minister is the Chief Executive of the Province and reserves almost all the powers. The Federal Government appoints a Governor as head of the province."}
{"id": "doc2439440", "text": "Joe finally gets sober, becomes a responsible father to Debbie and holds down a steady job. He tries to make amends with his father-in-law by offering him a payment for past debts and wrongs, but Mr. Arnesen accuses him of being indirectly responsible for Kirsten's alcoholism. After calming down, Arnesen says that Kirsten has been disappearing for long stretches of time and picking up strangers in bars."}
{"id": "doc2439860", "text": "The designer of the gun had clearly not been instructed to beat about the bush. 'Make it evil,' he'd been told. 'Make it totally clear that this gun has a right end and a wrong end. Make it totally clear to anyone standing at the wrong end that things are going badly for them. If that means sticking all sort of spikes and prongs and blackened bits all over it then so be it. This is not a gun for hanging over the fireplace or sticking in the umbrella stand, it is a gun for going out and making people miserable with.'"}
{"id": "doc2439948", "text": "The entire series was released on DVD as Batman: The Animated Series Volume Four (From The New Batman Adventures), most likely to establish the connection with the original series."}
{"id": "doc2441319", "text": "The new series was shot on several locations surrounding Ystad, including Mossbystrand, \u00d6stra Hoby, V\u00e5rhallen Beach, Tunbyholm Castle plus Blekinge Province and the Danish island of Zealand.[79] On 30 October, several scenes were shot at the Norreportskolan, a local Ystad middle school. Several of the students participated as extras.[80]"}
{"id": "doc2441320", "text": "The final three episodes had their world premi\u00e8re dubbed into German on German network ARD, which co-produced them.[81] They aired over three nights, on December 25,[82] 26[83] and 27,[84] 2015. In Poland, the episodes aired on Ale Kino+ on March 11, 18 and 25, 2016.[85] They made their English language premi\u00e8re on BBC UKTV New Zealand on April 11. In the US, 80-minute-long re-edited versions[86] of the episodes aired as \"Wallander, The Final Season\" on the PBS anthology series Masterpiece Mystery! on May 8, 15, and 22.[87] BBC One broadcast the full 89-minute episodes in the UK beginning on May 22, 2016.[88]"}
{"id": "doc2442198", "text": "In the video game, The Sims 4, Sims in the Business career go to work at the \"Dewey, Cheatem & Howe\" offices."}
{"id": "doc2444292", "text": "In 1957, he guest starred in Frank Lovejoy's NBC detective series, The Adventures of McGraw, initially titled Meet McGraw.[2] In 1958, he was cast in five episodes as Juan Greco on ABC's Zorro, with Guy Williams and in this same year played Gio Bartolo in the episode \"Sidewalk Fisherman\" in the acclaimed ABC series, Naked City."}
{"id": "doc2445286", "text": "Order: Galliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Odontophoridae"}
{"id": "doc2445344", "text": "Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Pelecanidae"}
{"id": "doc2445366", "text": "Order: Piciformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Bucconidae"}
{"id": "doc2445368", "text": "Order: Piciformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Galbulidae"}
{"id": "doc2445420", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Muscicapidae"}
{"id": "doc2445605", "text": "Terry Pratchett directly references the original song in his Discworld book Jingo:"}
{"id": "doc2447782", "text": "This film was released in theaters on November 22, 2003 in Australia, on December 24, 2003 in the United Kingdom and on December 25, 2003 in the United States of America and Canada. On March 2004, The film was released on VHS and DVD on May 4, 2004. This film had airs on Encore Starz on Demand with Babe: Pig in the City, Casper, The Borrowers and The Little Rascals since March 2004 and on HDNet Movies since July 2005."}
{"id": "doc2448623", "text": "I Will Keep my Pride under in Victory."}
{"id": "doc2449643", "text": "The Civil War badly damaged Florida's railroads including the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad. The railroad was rebuilt by carpetbagger George William Swepson and was renamed the Florida Central Railroad in 1868. In 1869 the Pensacola and Georgia Railroad was merged with a railroad from Jacksonville to Lake City to form the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. In 1874 a fire destroyed most of the wooden buildings in Lake City.[16]"}
{"id": "doc2449727", "text": "Although both courts do allow appeals in forma pauperis, waiving filing fees when they are deemed too burdensome on the individual litigant,[6] the JCPC does so on a more limited basis.[20]"}
{"id": "doc2450143", "text": "The Eastern Aramaic speaking indigenous Assyrians of Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria, who number 2\u20133 million, have suffered both ethnic and religious persecution for many centuries, such as the Assyrian Genocide conducted by the Ottoman Turks and their allies, leading to many fleeing and congregating in areas in the north of Iraq and northeast of Syria. The great majority of Assyrians are followers of the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Ancient Church of the East, Assyrian Pentecostal Church and Assyrian Evangelical Church. In Iraq, the numbers of Assyrians has declined to between 300,000 and 500,000 (from 0.8\u20131.4 million before 2003 US invasion). Assyrian Christians were between 800,000 and 1.2 million before 2003.[23] During 2014, the Assyrian population of large parts North Iraq largely collapsed due to the persecution and extermination by ISIL."}
{"id": "doc2450178", "text": "Assyrian Christians still made up the majority population in northern Iraq until the massacres conducted by Tamurlane in the 14th century, which also saw their ancient city of Assur finally abandoned after 4000 years. In modern times, Assyrian Christians numbered about 636,000 to 800,000 in 2005, representing 3% to 5% of the population of the country, mostly in Iraqi Kurdistan[citation needed]. The vast majority are Neo-Aramaic speaking ethnic Assyrians (also known as Chaldo-Assyrians), descendant from the ancient Mesopotamians in general and the ancient Assyrians more specifically, who are concentrated in the north, particularly the Nineveh Plains, Dohuk and Sinjar regions, border regions with south east Turkey, north west Iran and northern Syria, and in and around cities such as Mosul, Erbil, Kurkuk and also in Baghdad. There are also a very small proportion of Arab Christians and small numbers of Armenian, Kurdish, Iranian and Turcoman Christians."}
{"id": "doc2451212", "text": "After years of declining profitability, the national rail network was devastated by the Spanish Civil War. In 1941, the broad gauge railways were nationalized, as RENFE. The narrow gauge railways were also later nationalized; some of these have since been transferred to the autonomous regional governments where contained within a single region. The standard gauge high-speed lines were built as a state owned venture from the start."}
{"id": "doc2452456", "text": "The four venues were confirmed in October 2016.[31]"}
{"id": "doc2456577", "text": "On October 11, 2016, it was announced that James Scully and Grace Victoria Cox had been cast in the male and female leads J.D. and Veronica.[13] Later that month, Melanie Field, Brendan Scannell, and Jasmine Mathews joined the main cast as the titular \"Heathers\" (Heather Chandler, Heather Duke, and Heather McNamara, respectively).[14] On November 22, 2016, it was announced that original film cast member Shannen Doherty had been cast as a pivotal character in the series' pilot episode.[15] It was later reported that she is set to appear in three of the first season's episodes in total.[16] On June 23, 2017, Birgundi Baker and Cameron Gellman signed onto the series in the recurring roles of Lizzy and Kurt, respectively.[17] On July 6, 2017, it was reported that Selma Blair had been cast in the recurring role of Jade, \"the gold-digging stepmother to Heather Duke\" who is described as \"a stripper menthol smoker who is rough around the edges, but with a bit of glamour to her.\"[18]"}
{"id": "doc2461160", "text": "It was first established by Hakim Abdul Majeed in 1882 in Gali Qasim Jan, a locality in Chandni Chowk, one of the oldest and busiest markets in New Delhi, India. In 1889, after inauguration by a local commissioner, it was referred to as Madrasa Tibbia that functioned under the Anjuman-e-Tibbia society.[1] After the death of Majeed in 1901, his younger brother Hakim Wasil took over the Madrasa and in 1903, Masih-ul-Hakim Mohammad Ajmal Khan (1863-1927 CE), better known as Hakim Ajmal Khan raised the quality of the institution.[1] The efforts of Hakim Ajmal Khan helped extend the site over an area more than of 50 acres including a garden of herbs (Jadi Booti Bagh) across the road. At present is named after Hakim Ajmal Khan as \"Ajmal Khan Park\" maintained by MCD.The road has also been named after Hakim Ajmal Khan as \"Ajmal Khan Road\", a popular shopping area of Delhi."}
{"id": "doc2461162", "text": "The Partition Riots which spread to Delhi in September 1947 affected the functioning of the college.The refugees who settled in Karol Bagh took possession of the college building and its all furniture was disposed of,its property was ransacked and its boarding house was also occupied.This whole episode severely affected the working of the college.A majority of members of the governing body and students were Muslims, and many of them including Ajmal khan family members of the founder Hakim Ajmal Khan migrated to Pakistan in December 1947.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2461164", "text": "Besides the college and hospital, Ajmal Khan helped establish Hindustani Dawakhana and Ayurvedic Rasayanashastra for manufacturing medicines.[1] The Dawakhana, which appears as a Gothic cathedral with its curious blend of Asiatic and Latin architecture,[8] was founded in 1910. Due to the availability of the herbal garden within its campus, the dispensary was able to obtain patents for 84 rare herbal formulae like Musafi, Sarbat-e-Sadar, Sekhon and Hebab-Kebatare.[8] The institution developed and researched several unparalleled medicines, such Rauwolfia serpentina, the medicine to recover the lunatic mind.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2462279", "text": "were originally recorded as:"}
{"id": "doc2462709", "text": "Another version of the puzzle gives the age product as thirty\u00e2\u20ac\u201csix, which leads to a different set of ages for the children.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2465505", "text": "(In This Sign You Shall Conquer)"}
{"id": "doc2465656", "text": "Sustainable development implies \"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.\" (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)[55]"}
{"id": "doc2465776", "text": "After they found the empty tomb, the gospels indicate that Jesus made a series of appearances to the disciples. He was not immediately recognizable, according to Luke.[29]:p.277 E. P. Sanders concluded that although he could appear and disappear, he was not a ghost. Writing that Luke was very insistent about that, Sanders pointed out that \"the risen Lord could be touched, and he could eat\".[Lk. 24:39\u201343] He first appeared to Mary Magdalene, but she did not recognize him at first. The first two disciples to whom he appeared, walked and talked with him for quite a while without knowing who he was, (the road to Emmaus appearance).[Lk. 24:13\u201332] He was made known \"in the breaking of the bread\".[Lk. 24:35] When he first appeared to the disciples in the upper room, Thomas was not present and would not believe until a later appearance where he was invited to put his finger into the holes in Jesus' hands and side.[Jn. 20:24\u201329] Beside the Sea of Galilee he encouraged Peter to serve his followers. [Jn. 21:1\u201323] His final gospel appearance is reported as being forty days after the resurrection when he was \"carried up\" into heaven[30] where he sits on the right hand of God.[Mark 16:19]\u00a0[31]"}
{"id": "doc2465909", "text": "The film was released in China on March 9, 2018. There, it would go on to gross $5,865,892 by the end of April. In other territories, it earned $9,434,082 for a worldwide total of $15,299,974.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2465910", "text": "It was originally intended to be theatrically released in the United States by Open Road Films on April 20, 2018 before being removed from the release schedule, and ultimately ending up as a Netflix original film, with a projected release of July 20."}
{"id": "doc2465921", "text": "The film was shot in three locations: Treasure Island, California (near San Francisco), Asheville (North Carolina), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A diner was temporarily placed in Point Richmond (a neighborhood in Richmond, California) and served as the University Diner. Several interior classroom scenes were filmed on the campus of UC Berkeley."}
{"id": "doc2467789", "text": "See heptadecagon for the real part of a 17th root of unity."}
{"id": "doc2470041", "text": "In 1868, an engineer proposed a railroad bridge across the Hudson River at Poughkeepsie, in a letter published in the Poughkeepsie Eagle newspaper. The proposal seemed so absurd that the Eagle ridiculed it, and it was effectively forgotten for a few years.[4][5]"}
{"id": "doc2471044", "text": "Many of the country's most affluent African-American families have enjoyed a century-old tradition of summering on the island. Concentrated primarily in and around the town of Oak Bluffs, and the East Chop area, these families have historically represented the black elite from Boston; Washington, D.C.; and New York City. Today, affluent families from around the country have taken to the Vineyard, and the community is known as a popular summer destination for judges, physicians, business executives, surgeons, attorneys, writers, politicians, and professors. The historic presence of African-American residents in Oak Bluffs resulted in its Town Beach being pejoratively called \"The Inkwell\", a nickname which was reappropriated as an emblem of pride.[69] The Inkwell (1994), directed by Matty Rich, dealt with this close-knit Vineyard community.[citation needed]. The Run&Shoot Filmworks Martha's Vineyard African-American Film Festival held every second week in August, highlights the works of independent and established filmmakers from across the globe. This annual event draws attendees from all across the world.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2471264", "text": "The film was first released to VHS on December 13, 1990, and was later released to DVD in June 2004. The film first received a Blu-ray release on September 13, 2011."}
{"id": "doc2473154", "text": "Mahmud Gawan Madrasa (begun 1460s)"}
{"id": "doc2473482", "text": "The tune was adapted for the popular song \"The Twelfth of Never\"."}
{"id": "doc2474927", "text": "In const integer &k, the ampersand (&) means \"pass by reference\". When the function is called, a pointer to the variable will be passed to the function, rather than the value of the variable."}
{"id": "doc2474950", "text": "Note that the curly braces cannot be omitted, even if empty."}
{"id": "doc2474975", "text": "As stated above, this is a pointer, so the use of the asterisk (*) is necessary to convert it into a reference to be returned."}
{"id": "doc2475623", "text": "London served as the opening act on Louis C.K.'s 2015 stand up special, Live At The Comedy Store.[2][3]"}
{"id": "doc2475877", "text": "For example, the German names M\u00fcller becomes MUELLER, Gro\u00df becomes GROSS, and G\u00f6\u00dfmann becomes GOESSMANN.\nThe ICAO mapping is mostly used for computer-generated and internationally used documents such as air tickets, but sometimes (like in US visas) also simple letters are used (MULLER, GOSSMANN)."}
{"id": "doc2475878", "text": "The three possible spelling variants of the same name (e.g. M\u00c3\u00bcller / Mueller / Muller) in different documents sometimes lead to confusion, and the use of two different spellings within the same document (like in the passports of German-speaking countries) may give people who are unfamiliar with the foreign orthography the impression that the document is a forgery."}
{"id": "doc2476432", "text": "However, while the creators of the literary character of Morgan may have been somewhat inspired by the much older tales of the goddess, the relationship ends there. Scholars such as Rosalind Clark hold that the names are unrelated, the Welsh \"Morgan\" (Wales being the source of the Matter of Britain) being derived from root words associated with the sea, while the Irish \"Morr\u00c3\u00adgan\" has its roots either in a word for \"terror\" or a word for \"greatness\".[43]"}
{"id": "doc2477335", "text": "When President Lincoln and Congress set plans for the transcontinental railroad, they recognized the need for a military installation to protect Union Pacific workers from potentially hostile Indians. On 4 July 1867, the railroad established its mountain region headquarters at Crow Creek Crossing, later known as Cheyenne. A few weeks later, the U.S. Cavalry moved from temporary headquarters in Cheyenne to a point 3 miles (5\u00c2\u00a0km) west and established Fort D. A. Russell. Thus, 1867 was the beginning of a city and a fort, and both have grown together over the years."}
{"id": "doc2479871", "text": "Following the first World War, the completion of the Santa Fe Railroad enabled American settlers to travel across the west, as far as the California coast. New artists' colonies started growing up around Santa Fe and Taos, the artists' primary subject matter being the native people and landscapes of the Southwest."}
{"id": "doc2480317", "text": "The series features original short comedic sketches and weekly musical guests aimed toward a younger audience. The show's sketches parody contemporary culture and are performed by a large and varying cast of child and teen actors. Early episodes were taped at Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Orlando Resort, but then moved to Hollywood at the Nickelodeon on Sunset theatre (formerly the Earl Carrol Theatre), where other Nickelodeon shows such as The Amanda Show, Kenan & Kel, and Drake & Josh were filmed."}
{"id": "doc2480339", "text": "After Season 2 ended in 1996, the show moved out of the old Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Orlando Resort in Florida and into the Nickelodeon on Sunset (formerly The Earl Carrol Theater) in Hollywood where it would remain for the rest of the show's run.[12] Over the next few years, as the show grew in popularity, several departures and additions occurred. Some of these additions to the cast included Amanda Bynes, Nick Cannon, Gabriel Iglesias and The Adventures of Pete & Pete star Danny Tamberelli among others.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2480452", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel is a platform game based on the movie. It was released on December 1, 2009 (the same day as the movie's soundtrack) only for the Wii and Nintendo DS."}
{"id": "doc2480539", "text": "All of Arkansas' four seats in the United States House of Representatives are up for election in 2018."}
{"id": "doc2480872", "text": "A list of approximately 1,350 names is published twice a year, at the New Year and on the date of the Sovereign's (official) birthday. Since their decisions are inevitably subjective, the twice-yearly honours lists often provoke criticism from those who feel strongly about particular cases.[4][5] Candidates are identified by public or private bodies, by government departments, or are nominated by members of the public. Depending on their roles, those people selected by the honours committee are submitted either to the Prime Minister, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, or Secretary of State for Defence for their approval before being sent to the Sovereign for final approval. Certain honours are conferred solely at the Sovereign's discretion, such as appointments to the Order of the Garter,[6] the Order of the Thistle, the Royal Victorian Order,[7] and the Order of Merit.[8] The honour's insignias are then presented by the Sovereign or her designated representative. The Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge[9] and the Princess Royal have deputised for the Queen at investiture ceremonies at Buckingham Palace."}
{"id": "doc2481722", "text": "Juliet Rose Landau (born March 30, 1965) is an American actress, director, producer and ballerina best known for her role as Drusilla on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spinoff show Angel, the latter appearance earning her a Saturn Award nomination. She is also known for co-starring as Loretta King in Tim Burton's Ed Wood."}
{"id": "doc2482348", "text": "The province and each district is represented by a Member of the National Parliament. There is one provincial electorate and each district is an open electorate."}
{"id": "doc2482672", "text": "Gruesome re-imagining of the original fairytale."}
{"id": "doc2482938", "text": "In August 2010, the BBC announced that the planned two 90-minute shows would instead consist of three hour-long episodes, with Keeley Hawes, Ed Stoppard, Anne Reid, Claire Foy, Adrian Scarborough, Art Malik, Ellie Kendrick, Blake Ritson, and Nico Mirallegro joining Jean Marsh and Eileen Atkins in the cast.[2] In the middle of August 2010, filming started in Cardiff, with parts of the city transformed into 1930s Belgravia for exterior scenes, and the interiors shot in BBC's Llandaff studios in Cardiff.[3] Further filming of exterior scenes took place in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire in September 2010 with a terrace in Clarendon Square (by the same architect, Peter Frederick Robinson, as the London square used in the original series[4]) doubling up as Eaton Place."}
{"id": "doc2483145", "text": "On 28 February, in the 2016 League Cup Final, Coutinho scored an 83rd-minute equalizer in a 1\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1 draw against Manchester City. However, in the subsequent penalty shootout, his \"hesitant\" attempt was one of three saved by victorious goalkeeper Willy Caballero.[53]"}
{"id": "doc2483556", "text": "The Anthony J. Catanese Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions at Florida Atlantic University notes the unusual growth pattern of South Florida. Unlike many areas with centralized cities surrounded by development, most of South Florida is  preserved natural area and designated agricultural reserves, with development restricted to a dense, narrow strip along the coast. The developed area is highly urbanized and increasingly continuous and decentralized, with no particular dominant core cities. The center projects this pattern to continue in the future.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2483577", "text": "Okay, so he has a speech impediment, and his father got him into the National Guard to keep him from war. I cautiously propose that this is a reference to a person famous in 1993. I don't know if it's the current president, since I don't know how much of a public figure he was, and I don't know much about the famous people in 1993 (or 1992) in general, being as I was a grade schooler then. --Raijinili 05:31, 28 August 2007 (UTC)"}
{"id": "doc2483632", "text": "Angel of God"}
{"id": "doc2485855", "text": "Individuals with only one functioning eye always have this condition; the condition also results when two eyes do not function together properly."}
{"id": "doc2485870", "text": "Jan-Michael Vincent (born July 15, 1944) is a retired American actor best known for his role as attack helicopter pilot Stringfellow Hawke on the television series Airwolf (1984\u00e2\u20ac\u201c86) and as the protagonist of 1978's Big Wednesday."}
{"id": "doc2486395", "text": "On July 21, 2001, Nickelodeon broadcast the made-for-TV special \"All Growed Up\" in celebration of the series' 10th anniversary. The special acted as a pilot for the Rugrats spin-off series All Grown Up!, which chronicles the lives of the babies and their parents after aging 10 years. Another spin-off series, Rugrats Pre-School Daze, was considered, but only four episodes were produced. Two direct-to-video specials were released in 2005 and 2006, under the title Rugrats Tales from the Crib. Tie-in media for the series include video games, comics, toys and various other merchandise."}
{"id": "doc2486654", "text": "The Wyoming State Legislature comprises a House of Representatives with 60 members and a Senate with 30 members."}
{"id": "doc2487645", "text": "Atrial systole    occurs late in ventricular diastole    and represents the contraction of myocardium of the left and right atria. The sharp decrease in ventricular pressure that occurs during ventricular diastole allows the atrioventricular valves (or mitral and tricuspid valves) to open and causes the contents of the atria to empty into the ventricles. The atrioventricular valves remain open while the aortic and pulmonary valves remain closed because the pressure gradient between the atrium and ventricle is preserved during late ventricular diastole. Atrial contraction confers a minor-fraction addition to ventricular filling, but becomes significant in left ventricular hypertrophy, or thickening of the heart wall, as the ventricle does not fully relax during its diastole. Loss of normal electrical conduction in the heart\u2014as seen during atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and complete heart block\u2014may eliminate atrial systole completely."}
{"id": "doc2487653", "text": "A Wiggers diagram of ventricular systole graphically depicts the sequence of contractions by the myocardium of the two ventricles. Ventricular systole induces self-contraction such that pressure in both left and right ventricles rises to a level above that in the two atrial chambers, thereby closing the tricuspid and mitral valves\u2014which are prevented from inverting by the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles. Now ventricular pressure continues to rise in isovolumetric, or fixed-volume, contraction phase until maximal pressure (dP/dt\u00a0=\u00a00) occurs, causing the pulmonary and aortic valves to open in ejection phase. In ejection phase, blood flows from the two ventricles down its pressure gradient\u2014that is, 'down' from higher pressure to lower pressure\u2014into (and through) the aorta and the pulmonary trunk respectively. Notably, cardiac muscle perfusion through the heart's coronary vessels doesn't happen during ventricular systole; rather, it occurs during ventricular diastole."}
{"id": "doc2487655", "text": "The pulmonary (or pulmonic) valve in the right ventricle opens into the pulmonary trunk, also known as the pulmonary artery, which divides twice to connect to each of the left and right lungs. In the left ventricle, the aortic valve opens into the aorta which divides and re-divides into the several branch arteries that connect to all body organs and systems except the lungs."}
{"id": "doc2487656", "text": "By its contractions, right ventricular (RV) systole pulses oxygen-depleted blood through the pulmonary valve through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, providing pulmonary circulation; simultaneously, left ventricular (LV) systole pumps blood through the aortic valve, the aorta, and all the arteries to provide systemic circulation of oxygenated blood to all body systems. The left ventricular sytole enables blood pressure to be routinely measured in the larger arteries off the left ventricle of the heart."}
{"id": "doc2488095", "text": "Billy Bob's Texas has also been host to many movie and television projects. Baja Oklahoma (Willie Nelson, Susan Sarandon), Over the Top (Sylvester Stallone), and Necessary Roughness (Scott Bakula, Sinbad) have all been filmed there.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2489754", "text": "Carr is a common surname in northern England, deriving from the Old Norse kjarr, meaning a swamp.[1] Kerr is a Scottish variant, often from the Norse and (particularly on the west coast and Arran) from the Gaelic ciar, meaning \"dusky\".[1] Carr is also a common surname in Ireland, where it often derives from the nickname, gearr, meaning \"short of height\". In some cases it is thought to come from the Welsh word cawr, meaning giant."}
{"id": "doc2494655", "text": "According to the colonial era scholarship, as early as the 6th century, another people called the Mon began to enter the present-day Lower Burma from the Mon kingdoms of Haribhunjaya and Dvaravati in modern-day Thailand. By the mid 9th century, the Mon had founded at least two small kingdoms (or large city-states) centred around Bago and Thaton. The earliest external reference to a Mon kingdom in Lower Burma was in 844\u00e2\u20ac\u201c848 by Arab geographers.[9] But recent research shows that there is no evidence (archaeological or otherwise) to support colonial period conjectures that a Mon-speaking polity existed in Lower Burma until the late 13th century, and the first recorded claim that the kingdom of Thaton existed came only in 1479.[10]"}
{"id": "doc2495035", "text": "Following the series of hurricanes in the southern United States in 2005, production moved to Shreveport, Louisiana. Some of the base scenes were filmed at Barksdale Air Force Base in Bossier City, Louisiana and at Camp Minden in Minden, Louisiana. Some of the scenes that were supposed to be filmed in Kodiak, Alaska were actually filmed at CG Air Station Elizabeth City, North Carolina. 60,000 pounds of ice were needed on the set. The training pool used in the movie was LSU-Shreveport's natatorium."}
{"id": "doc2497559", "text": "North Dakota, referred to as North, is South's twin brother, enlisting in the Freelancer Program at the same time. He is only seen before Season 9 after having been killed, offscreen, by The Meta, when Washington follows the distress signal sent out by North's armor. When Washington arrives, he finds North and South together, South having claimed that she had heard a cry from North and found him already deceased. Like York, North still had his AI partner, Theta, in his possession at the time of his death, but Washington and South surmise that it was stolen by his attacker. While surveying his dead body, South gives a lengthy spiel about growing up with North and how the two of them were both so alike in almost every way."}
{"id": "doc2498480", "text": "The Gram stain is not an infallible tool for diagnosis, identification, or phylogeny, and it is of extremely limited use in environmental microbiology. It is used mainly to make a preliminary morphologic identification or to establish that there are significant numbers of bacteria in a clinical specimen. It cannot identify bacteria to the species level, and for most medical conditions, it should not be used as the sole method of bacterial identification. In clinical microbiology laboratories, it is used in combination with other traditional and molecular techniques to identify bacteria. Some organisms are gram-variable (meaning they may stain either negative or positive); some are not stained with either dye used in the Gram technique and are not seen. In a modern environmental or molecular microbiology lab, most identification is done using genetic sequences and other molecular techniques, which are far more specific and informative than differential staining."}
{"id": "doc2498488", "text": "Gram-positive bacteria generally have a single membrane (monoderm) surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan. This rule is followed by two phyla: Firmicutes (except for the classes Mollicutes and Negativicutes) and the Actinobacteria.[5][18] In contrast, members of the Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur bacteria) are monoderms but possess a thin or absent (class Dehalococcoidetes) peptidoglycan and can stain negative, positive or indeterminate; members of the Deinococcus-Thermus group, stain positive but are diderms with a thick peptidoglycan.[5][page\u00c2\u00a0needed] [18]"}
{"id": "doc2498489", "text": "Historically, the gram-positive forms made up the phylum Firmicutes, a name now used for the largest group. It includes many well-known genera such as Bacillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium.[19][citation needed] It has also been expanded to include the Mollicutes, bacteria like Mycoplasma that lack cell walls and so cannot be stained by Gram, but are derived from such forms.[20][citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2498492", "text": "Some bacteria, after staining with the Gram stain, yield a gram-variable pattern: a mix of pink and purple cells are seen.[14][citation needed] In cultures of Bacillus, Butyrivibrio, and Clostridium, a decrease in peptidoglycan thickness during growth coincides with an increase in the number of cells that stain gram-negative.[22] In addition, in all bacteria stained using the Gram stain, the age of the culture may influence the results of the stain.[23]"}
{"id": "doc2499402", "text": "At the time, the Christian community would have considered itself a part of the wider Jewish community, with most of the leaders of the Church being Jewish or Jewish proselytes."}
{"id": "doc2499695", "text": "Development of a high-speed rail system in Florida was mandated by a constitutional referendum in 2000, but taken off the books by another referendum in 2004.[67] Florida resurrected its high-speed rail authority to capitalize on the nationwide effort to build a high-speed rail network. Florida legislature approved SunRail in a special session in late 2009, which along with work already completed on the originally proposed line between Tampa and Orlando, was instrumental in the state winning a significant amount of the total amount allotted to high-speed rail. Only California received more high-speed rail funding than Florida. In February 2011, Florida's newly elected governor Rick Scott cancelled the project.[68] Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood then announced he would be redirecting the funds intended for Florida to other states."}
{"id": "doc2500959", "text": "The President is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments.[10]"}
{"id": "doc2501125", "text": "When Clouseau's acts of foolishness aggravate the situation, he is voted off the team; only Sonia sympathizes with him. Shortly afterward, Clouseau is called to an office where they see the Tornado has killed himself and left a suicide note that claims he destroyed the Pink Panther \u2013 regarding it as being so beautiful that he could not bring anyone other than himself to own it \u2013 and left the other treasures to be recovered. Examining a key they found in the Pope's Chambers, they match the DNA of the victim with DNA of the Tornado acquired when he was shot, and thus believe themselves to have solved the case. However, Clouseau is unconvinced and believes the Tornado was not the thief."}
{"id": "doc2502101", "text": "Just outside Slough, Jamie, Layla, Frankie, Celine, Paula and Dave are stuck on one side of the River Thames after the bridge is destroyed by debris. Desperate to get across Jamie, somehow, parts the River Thames, proving to Paula that he is the son of God after all. The group successfully cross the Thames and arrive at the bunker."}
{"id": "doc2502199", "text": "There are many theories about the origins of Tem\u00c3\u00bcjin's title. Since people of the Mongol nation later associated the name with ching (Mongolian for strength), such confusion is obvious, though it does not follow etymology."}
{"id": "doc2502216", "text": "Bacterial small RNAs play important roles in many cellular processes. 11 small RNAs have been experimentally characterised in E. faecalis V583 and detected in various growth phases.[20] Five of them have been shown to be involved in stress response and virulence.[21]"}
{"id": "doc2502365", "text": "In the following example expressed in C, a program has two variables which are adjacent in memory: an 8-byte-long string buffer, A, and a two-byte big-endian integer, B."}
{"id": "doc2502630", "text": "Under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, any person or entity, including lawyers, who regularly attempts to collect consumer debts is considered a debt collector[3] and is therefore required to respond to proper debt validation requests. In contrast, the original creditor and its employees are generally not subject to the FDCPA, though they may be regulated by other state and federal laws; including the  Fair Credit Reporting Act, which was modified by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act in 2003. The original Act excluded lawyers from the definition of \"debt collector\" by explicitly exempting from any coverage \u201cany attorney-at-law collecting a debt as an attorney on behalf of and in the name of a client.\u201d The definition of \"debt collector\" was amended in 1986 to omit the prior exemption for attorneys.[4] Despite the amendment, some attorneys maintained that litigation in an attempt to collect a debt did not bring them within the definition of \"debt collector\" in 15 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a7\u00a01692a(6). This issue was not resolved until 1995, when the Supreme Court determined that the FDCPA applies to any attorneys who regularly engage in debt collection activity, even if it includes litigation.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2503084", "text": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third Place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth Place"}
{"id": "doc2503625", "text": "The central dogma of molecular biology outlines the mechanism by which proteins are constructed using information contained in nucleic acids. DNA is transcribed into mRNA molecules, which travels to the ribosome where the mRNA is used as a template for the construction of the protein strand. Since nucleic acids can bind to molecules with complementary sequences, there is a distinction between \"sense\" sequences which code for proteins, and the complementary \"antisense\" sequence which is by itself nonfunctional, but can bind to the sense strand."}
{"id": "doc2503779", "text": "Uniquely, the Dutch-Seneca diplomat Cornplanter received both a Seneca-language mononym (Kaintwakon, roughly \"corn-planter\") from his mother and a given name and surname (John Abeel) from his father, and he used both throughout his life. His later descendants, such as Jesse Cornplanter, used \"Cornplanter\" as the family name instead of \"Abeel\"."}
{"id": "doc2503796", "text": "The Western practice of combining a given name (Christian name or forename) with a family name (surname) is far from universal."}
{"id": "doc2503817", "text": "Examples of mononyms also exist in modern popular culture. For instance, some characters on the NBC television sitcom Seinfeld are referred to only by their last names as a mononym, most prominently: Kramer, played by Michael Richards, and Newman, played by Wayne Knight. Newman's name is clearly a true mononym, in that his first name (or possibly last name) is never used or even revealed. Kramer's first name, Cosmo, is revealed to the other characters and the audience, and so his name could be seen as less of a mononym. However, this does not occur until the show's sixth season, and after the revelation he is still referred to as Kramer.[22][better\u00a0source\u00a0needed] Additionally, on the ABC television sitcom Home Improvement, the character Wilson, played by Earl Hindman, a next-door neighbor of the central charcaters, is only referred to as Wilson. His full name, Wilson Wilson, is not revealed until the fourth season."}
{"id": "doc2504316", "text": "Superfamily Psittacoidea: true parrots"}
{"id": "doc2504604", "text": "The logo depicts both a forest landscape and the silhouette of a wild animal.[58][59] The \"eye\" of the \"wild animal\" is the north star, in tribute to the departed Minnesota North Stars as well as the states motto L'\u00c9toile du Nord, meaning \"The Star of the North\". According to The Good Point, questions surrounding the identity of the animal depicted has sparked debate amongst logo enthusiasts, earning accolades for its complexity unique to North American professional sports.[60]"}
{"id": "doc2504853", "text": "Islam is the state religion of Pakistan, and about 95-98% of Pakistanis are Muslim.[27] Pakistan has the second largest number of Muslims in the world after Indonesia.[28] The majority are Sunni (estimated at 75-95%),[8][9] with an estimated 5-20% Shia.[8][9][10][29][30] A PEW survey in 2012 found that 6% of Pakistani Muslims were Shia.[31] There are a number of Islamic law schools called Madhab (schools of jurisprudence), which are called fiqh or 'Maktab-e-Fikr' in Urdu. Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi Islamic school of thought, while a small number belong to the Hanbali school. The majority of Pakistani Shia Muslims belong to the Twelver (Ithna Asharia) branch, with significant minority who adhere to Ismailism branch that is composed of Nizari (Aga Khanis), Mustaali, Dawoodi Bohra, Sulaymani, and others.[32] Sufis and above mentioned Sunni and Shia sects are considered to be Muslims according to the Constitution of Pakistan. Shias allege discrimination by the Pakistani government since 1948, claiming that Sunnis are given preference in business, official positions and administration of justice.[33]"}
{"id": "doc2505783", "text": "The film received mixed to positive reviews, with a 60% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, but was praised for staying on the dark formula that was once present in fairy tales."}
{"id": "doc2505949", "text": "The second season features several new characters, as well as others returning from the first season. Clementine initially accompanies Omid (Owen Thomas) and Christa (Mara Junot), a couple who are the last known survivors of Clementine's previous group. She then encounters a cabin that shelters several survivors: Luke (Scott Porter), a survivalist who quickly befriends Clementine; Luke's friend Nick (Brian Bremer), and his uncle Pete (Brian Sommer), a hunter; doctor Carlos (Kid Beyond), who is protective over his teenage daughter Sarah (Louisa Mackintosh); and Alvin (Dorian Lockett) and his wife Rebecca (Shay Moore), who are expecting a child. The cabin group has fled from William Carver (Michael Madsen), a charismatic yet dangerous dictator who rules a large survivor group in Howe's Hardware. They later encounter another group of survivors, consisting of Kenny (Gavin Hammon), Clementine's friend who was believed to be killed by walkers; Sarita (Julia Farmer), Kenny's new girlfriend; and Kenny's friend, Walter (Kiff Vanden Heuvel) and his survival student, Matthew (Wylie Herman). Both factions encounter Carver and his men, whose community includes Bonnie (Erin Yvette) and other survivors that were previously introduced in the 400 Days add-on content from the first season; Jane (Christine Lakin), a lone wolf who had lost her sister to walkers; and Mike (Dan White), a cranky yet humorous survivor. The latter part of the season introduces Arvo (Michael Ark), a Russian teenager with a leg brace who speaks in broken English, later shown to be part of a larger group of other Russian survivors."}
{"id": "doc2506952", "text": "The touch hole in the rear ('breech') of the cannon was primed with finer gunpowder ('priming powder'), or a 'quill' (from a porcupine or such, or the skin-end of a feather) pre-filled with priming powder, then ignited."}
{"id": "doc2507704", "text": "As a state created specifically for Muslims, Pakistan has long had Islamic activists advocating for more thorough Islamisation of that country, and specifically for the elimination of riba (defined as interest on loans). But the country has also had Islamic modernists and secularists in positions of influence and \"generations of Muslim usage and custom supported by the fatwa of respected ulema that held low rates of interest to be acceptable, non-usurious, and not riba\", according to economist Feisal Khan.[8] Even Allama Iqbal \"the Thinker of Pakistan\" (Mufakkir-e-Pakistan) \"cited approvingly\" the fact that Muslim princely states in India did not restrict modern banking or \"attempt to impose some sort of `Islamic` concept of interest-free financial transactions.\"[Note 1][9] Consequently enthusiasm for Islamisation has waxed and waned throughout Pakistan's history. It has been strong when \"religious elements are in ascendancy\", such as during partition, the 1977 Nizam-e-Mustafa movement, and during the rise in fundamentalist after 2000. At other times \"only lip service\" is paid to the issue.[10][11] Maududi and other Islamist hoped to make Pakistan \"a new Medina\" which would become \"the leader of the Islamic world in the twentieth century, a laboratory where experiments in Islamic modernity would be successfully conducted en route' to ushering a new Islamic renaissance\"[12]"}
{"id": "doc2508414", "text": "When the American Revolution began, Dickinson fairly represented the center of Pennsylvania politics. The old Proprietary and Popular parties divided equally in thirds over the issue of independence, as Loyalists, Moderate Whigs who later became Federalists, and Radicals or Constitutionalists. The old Pennsylvania General Assembly was dominated by the Loyalists and Moderates and, like Dickinson, did little to support the burgeoning Revolution or independence, except protest. The Radicals took matters into their own hands, using irregular means to write the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, which by law excluded from the franchise anyone who would not swear loyalty to the document or the Christian Holy Trinity. In this way all Loyalists, Moderate Whigs, and Quakers were kept out of government. This peremptory action seemed appropriate to many during the crises of 1777 and 1778, but less so in the later years of the Revolution, and the Moderate Whigs gradually became the majority."}
{"id": "doc2508418", "text": "After his service in Pennsylvania, Dickinson returned to Delaware, and lived in Wilmington. He was quickly appointed to represent Delaware at the Annapolis Convention, where he served as its president. In 1787, Delaware sent him as one of its delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, along with Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett, George Read, and Jacob Broom. There, he supported the effort to create a strong central government but only after the Great Compromise assured that each state, regardless of size, would have an equal vote in the future United States Senate. As he had done with the Articles, he also carefully drafted it with the term \"Person\" rather than \"Man\" as was used in the Declaration of Independence. He prepared initial drafts of the First Amendment. Following the Convention he promoted the resulting Constitution in a series of nine essays, written under the pen name Fabius."}
{"id": "doc2509153", "text": "One of the most divisive issues facing the Convention was the structure of Congress. James Madison's Virginia Plan called for a bicameral Congress; the lower house would be elected directly by the people, and the upper house would be elected by the lower house. The plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, which called for a unicameral Congress with equal representation for the states. Eventually, a compromise, known as the Connecticut Compromise or the Great Compromise was reached; one house of Congress (the House of Representatives) would provide proportional representation, whereas the other (the Senate) would provide equal representation.  The Constitution was ratified by the end of 1788, and its full implementation was set for March 4, 1789. The House began work on April 1, 1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time.[1] Frederick Muhlenberg, a Pennsylvania Lutheran minister and politician, was the first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives."}
{"id": "doc2509293", "text": "Circular Earth geosynchronous orbits have a radius of 42,164\u00a0km (26,199\u00a0mi). All Earth geosynchronous orbits, whether circular or elliptical, have the same semi-major axis.[5] In fact, orbits with the same period always share the same semi-major axis:"}
{"id": "doc2509894", "text": "The show closed in London on January 14, 2012, having previously been booking until October 27, 2012.[19]"}
{"id": "doc2509989", "text": "The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly is the unicameral legislative body of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of the Pakistan. The assembly has 124 elected members, 99 regular seats, 22 seats reserved for women and 3 seats for Non-Muslims.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2509993", "text": "The Indian National Congress under Dr. Khan Sahib won the 1946 elections despite a strong showing by the Muslim League The first session of parliament was summoned on 12 March 1946 under the Chairmanship of Sardar Bahadur Khan while Nawabzada Allah Nawaz Khan was elected as Speaker and Lala Girdheri Lal as Deputy Speaker on 13 March 1946. The total number of members was 50, the provincial government of Dr.Khan Sahib was dismissed by the Governor-General in September 1947 after the Chief Minister did not attend the oath taking ceremony of the new nation state of Pakistan. The Muslim league minority Chief Minister Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan formed a government with the help of Jalal-ud-din Jalal Baba. This Assembly was dissolved in 1951 and the number of members was increased from 80 to 85. The Muslim League controversially won the 1951 elections. Then comes names of Nawabzada Allah Nawaz Khan, Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan, Girdhari Lal who occupied the slot during 1947, Khan Muhammad Farid Khan, Malik Amir Alam Khan, Arbab Saifur Rahman who worked two times as deputy speaker, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Rahim Dad Khan, Ahmad Hassan Khan, Abdul Akbar Khan, Shad Muhammad Khan Khattak, Syed Allaudin and Haji Muhammad Adeel who was the last deputy speaker."}
{"id": "doc2509995", "text": "Following the declaration of One Unit on 3 October 1955, the country was divided into two provinces, West Pakistan and East Pakistan and the Legislative Assembly Building was declared as Peshawar High Court. After the dissolution of West Pakistan dissolution in 1970, was restored. The legislative Assembly was restored as a Provincial Assembly through a presidential order known as legal framework order 1970."}
{"id": "doc2509996", "text": "After the restoration of the Provincial Assembly in 1970, General Elections were held for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provincial Assembly on 17 December 1970. At that time the number of member\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s seats in the Assembly was 43 out of which 2 seats were reserved for women and only one for minorities. The first session of the Assembly was summoned on 2 May 1972 in the hall of Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, University Town Peshawar. Muhammad Aslam Khan Khattak was elected as Speaker and Arbab Saifur Rehman Khan as Deputy Speaker on 2 May 1972, and opposition leader Mufti Mahmud was elected Chief Minister as part of an alliance between his party the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam and the National Awami Party (Wali). His government collectively resigned in protest against the dismissal of the Balochistan provincial government. After some political wrangling a minority government was formed by the Pakistan Peoples Party under Sardar Inayatullah Khan Gandapur, he was subsequently replaced by Nasrullah Khan Khattak. The provincial elections in 1977 were boycotted by the opposition Pakistan National Alliance, a short-lived government was formed under Chief Minister Muhammad Iqbal Khan Jadoon."}
{"id": "doc2510026", "text": "In the 2002 elections, Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal had won 53 of the seats, ANP 15, and PPP 10 seats."}
{"id": "doc2510523", "text": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third Place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fourth Place"}
{"id": "doc2512224", "text": "Some implementations provide these functions named with a leading underscore (e.g. _execl)."}
{"id": "doc2513638", "text": "In Portland, Oregon, the Hollywood branch of the Multnomah County Library, near where she lived as a child, commissioned a map of Henry Huggins's Klickitat Street neighborhood for its lobby wall.[43] Statues of her characters Henry Huggins, the Huggins's dog Ribsy, and Ramona Quimby can be found in The Beverly Cleary Sculpture Garden for Children, which is part of Portland's Grant Park in the Hollywood-Fernwood neighborhood.[43] In June 2008, the neighborhood's K-8 school, formerly Fernwood Grammar School and once attended by Cleary, was officially renamed Beverly Cleary School.[44]"}
{"id": "doc2514393", "text": "The theoretical biologist and philosopher of biology Joseph Henry Woodger led the introduction of positivism into biology with his 1929 book Biological Principles. He saw a mature science as being characterised by a framework of hypotheses that could be verified by facts established by experiments. He criticised the traditional natural history style of biology, including the study of evolution, as immature science, since it relied on narrative.[35] Woodger set out to play for biology the role of Robert Boyle's 1661 Sceptical Chymist, intending to convert the subject into a formal, unified science, and ultimately, following the Vienna Circle of logical positivists like Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap, to reduce biology to physics and chemistry. His efforts stimulated the biologist J. B. S. Haldane to push for the axiomatisation of biology, and by influencing thinkers such as Huxley, helped to bring about the modern synthesis.[35] The positivist climate made natural history unfashionable, and in America, research and university-level teaching on evolution declined almost to nothing by the late 1930s. The Harvard physiologist William John Crozier told his students that evolution was not even a science: \"You can't experiment with two million years!\"[36]"}
{"id": "doc2515649", "text": "CSKA Moscow won 3\u00e2\u20ac\u201c0 on aggregate."}
{"id": "doc2517371", "text": "The Act of Settlement provided that the throne would pass to the Electress Sophia of Hanover\u00a0\u2013 a granddaughter of James VI and I and a niece of King Charles I\u00a0\u2013 and her descendants, but it excluded \"for ever\" \"all and every Person and Persons who ... is are or shall be reconciled to or shall hold Communion with the See or Church of Rome or shall profess the Popish Religion or shall marry a Papist\". Thus, those who were Roman Catholics, and those who married Roman Catholics, were barred from ascending the throne. Eight additional provisions of the act would only come into effect upon the death of both William and Anne:[12]"}
{"id": "doc2517376", "text": "With the legitimate descendants of Charles I either childless (in the case of William III and Anne) or Roman Catholic, Parliament's choice was limited to the Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover, the daughter of the late Elizabeth of Bohemia, who was the only other child of King James I not to have died in childhood. Elizabeth had borne nine children who reached adulthood, of whom Sophia was the youngest daughter. However, in 1701, Sophia was the senior Protestant with a legitimate claim to the English throne; Parliament passed over senior living representatives of lines which included Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orl\u00e9ans; Louis Otto, Prince of Salm, and his sisters; Anne Henriette, Princess of Cond\u00e9; Benedicta Henrietta, Duchess of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg; and Sophia's sister, Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate because they were all Roman Catholic."}
{"id": "doc2517379", "text": "Excluding those princesses who have married into Roman Catholic royal families, such as Marie of Edinburgh, Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg and Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh, one member of the Royal Family (that is, with the style of Royal Highness) has converted to Roman Catholicism since the passage of the Act: the Duchess of Kent, wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent who converted on 14 January 1994, but her husband did not lose his place in the succession because she was an Anglican at the time of their marriage.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2517390", "text": "From time to time there has been debate over repealing the clause that prevents Roman Catholics, or those who marry one, from ascending to the British throne. Proponents of repeal argue that the clause is a bigoted anachronism; Cardinal Winning, who was leader of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland, called the act an \"insult\" to Catholics. Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church in England, pointed out that Prince William (later the Duke of Cambridge) \"can marry by law a Hindu, a Buddhist, anyone, but not a Roman Catholic\".[35] Opponents of repeal, such as Enoch Powell and Adrian Hilton, believe that it would lead to the disestablishment of the Church of England as the state religion if a Roman Catholic were to come to the throne. They also note that the monarch must swear to defend the faith and be a member of the Anglican Communion, but that a Roman Catholic monarch would, like all Roman Catholics, owe allegiance to the Pope. This would, according to opponents of repeal, amount to a loss of sovereignty for the Anglican Church."}
{"id": "doc2517860", "text": "The series producer is Lucinda Whiteley and the animation director is Dave Unwin. The series has been sold to more than a dozen countries, including France, Germany, Japan, South Africa, India, Pakistan, South Korea, and the Philippines.[1] The incidental music is composed by Lester Barnes, and additional songs are composed by Lockdown Media. Three series were aired, with 52 episodes each. The fourth series started on 11 October 2014 with another 52 episodes making it 208 in total. In 2018, a fifth series has been confirmed on Novel Entertainment\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s website but it will be 10 episodes less than the previous 4 series, another 42 episodes will be produced taking the number to 250.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2519565", "text": "Coraline is a 2009 American 3D stop-motion dark fantasy horror film based on Neil Gaiman's 2002 novel of the same name. It was the first feature film produced by Laika and distributed by Focus Features. The film depicts an adventurous girl finding an idealized parallel world behind a secret door in her new home, unaware that the alternate world contains a dark and sinister secret. Written and directed by Henry Selick, the film was made with Gaiman's approval and co-operation.[4]"}
{"id": "doc2521983", "text": "To honour the legendary war veteran of Pakistan Air Force, Group Captain Cecil Chaudhry (Late), Government of Pakistan has renamed a part of Lawrence Road (the road in front of St. Anthony School) as Cecil Chaudhry Road. The renaming ceremony was held at St Anthony High School on Saturday, November 30, 2014. The ceremony was attended by friends and family members of the war hero, important personalities of the Christian community and significant civil and military dignitaries."}
{"id": "doc2522126", "text": "In every Church completely organized, that is, furnished with all the officers which Christ has instituted and which are necessary for carrying into full effect the laws of his kingdom, there ought to be three classes of officers, viz: at least one Teaching Elder, Bishop, or Pastor \u2014 a bench of Ruling Elders \u2014 and Deacons. The first to \"minister in the Word and Doctrine\", and to dispense the sacraments; \u2014 the second to assist in the inspection and government of the Church; \u2014 and the third to \"serve tables\"; that is, to take care of the Church's funds destined for the support of the poor, and sometimes to manage whatever relates to the temporal support of the gospel and its ministers."}
{"id": "doc2522537", "text": "Pakistan Peoples Party"}
{"id": "doc2522627", "text": "Anderson is a surname deriving from a patronymic meaning \"son of Anders/Andrew\" (itself derived from the Greek name \"Andreas\", meaning \"man\" or \"manly\"). It originated in parallel in the British Isles and the Nordic countries."}
{"id": "doc2523361", "text": "The \"near north\" or subarctic is mostly synonymous with the Canadian boreal forest, a large area of evergreen-dominated forests with a subarctic climate. This area has traditionally been home to the Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic, that is the First Nations, who were hunters of moose, freshwater fishers and trappers. This region was heavily involved in the North American fur trade during its peak importance, and is home to many M\u00e9tis people who originated in that trade. The area was mostly part of Rupert's Land or the North-Western Territory under the nominal control of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) from 1670\u20131869. The HBC's claim was purchased by the Canadian government in 1869, and shortly thereafter the government made a series of treaties with the local First Nations regarding land title. This opened the region to non-Native settlement, as well as to forestry, mining, and oil and gas drilling. Today several million people live in the near north, around 15% of the Canadian total. Large parts of the near north are not part of Canada's territories, but rather are the northern parts of the provinces, meaning they have very different political histories as minority regions within larger units."}
{"id": "doc2525057", "text": "In the United States, the series aired on the PBS as part of their Mystery! anthology strand. Hide in Plain Sight and The Sport of Kings were each split into two parts, bringing the US broadcast to five episodes in total.[2] The complete series was released on Region 2 DVD in the United Kingdom on 6 July 2009.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2525766", "text": "Ancient Church Orders"}
{"id": "doc2526400", "text": "In this case the atomic mass increases, but the element is unchanged. In other cases the product nucleus is unstable and decays, typically emitting protons, electrons (beta particle) or alpha particles. When a nucleus loses a proton the atomic number decreases by 1. For example,"}
{"id": "doc2526409", "text": "18F decays by positron emission with a half-life of 109 min. It is made by proton bombardment of 18O in a cyclotron or linear particle accelerator. It is an important isotope in the radiopharmaceutical industry. It is used to make labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for application in PET scans.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2526412", "text": "33P is made in relatively low yield by neutron bombardment of 31P. It is also a beta-emitter, with a half-life of 25.4 days. Though more expensive than 32P, the emitted electrons are less energetic, permitting better resolution in, for example, DNA sequencing."}
{"id": "doc2526454", "text": "The 2018 NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the national championship tournament for men's college ice hockey in the United States. The tournament involved 16 teams in single-elimination play to determine the national champion at the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the highest level of competition in college hockey. The tournament's Frozen Four \u2013 the semifinals and final \u2013 were hosted by the University of Minnesota at the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota from April 5\u20137, 2018.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2527090", "text": "The region's climate and soils favored commodity agriculture over industrial development.[2] The U.S. purchase of New Orleans from France in 1803 gave the region a large seaport to facilitate global trade. American troops annexed the Spanish port of Mobile in 1813, then occupied Pensacola."}
{"id": "doc2527260", "text": "The 1920s brought significant real estate development and speculation to the city during the great Florida land boom (and bust). Hordes of train passengers passed through Jacksonville on their way south to the new tourist destinations of South Florida, as most of the passenger trains arriving from the population centers of the North were routed through Jacksonville."}
{"id": "doc2528590", "text": "Kenny vs. Spenny is a Canadian reality comedy series which follows the lives of friends Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice who face each other in various competitions. The loser of each competition must perform an act of humiliation. The humiliation is selected by the winner of each competition unless the competition ends in draw, whereby the film crew decides what act of humiliation both Hotz and Rice must perform. The series is filmed in the house that both Hotz and Rice share in Toronto, Ontario."}
{"id": "doc2529675", "text": "It is the third-largest lower house of the 50 United States (behind New Hampshire (400) and Pennsylvania (203)).[3]"}
{"id": "doc2530375", "text": "Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, or simply \"Santa\", is a figure with legendary, mythical, historical and folkloric origins. The modern figure of Santa Claus was derived from the Dutch figure, Sinterklaas, which may, in turn, have its origins in the hagiographical tales concerning the Christian Saint Nicholas. \"A Visit from St. Nicholas\", also known as \"The Night Before Christmas\" is a poem first published anonymously in 1823 and generally attributed to Clement Clarke Moore. The poem, which has been called \"arguably the best-known verses ever written by an American\",[7] is largely responsible for the conception of Santa Claus from the mid-nineteenth century to today, including his physical appearance, the night of his visit, his mode of transportation, the number and names of his reindeer, as well as the tradition that he brings toys to children. The poem has influenced ideas about St. Nicholas and Santa Claus from the United States to the rest of the English-speaking world and beyond. Is There a Santa Claus? was the title of an editorial appearing in the September 21, 1897, edition of The (New York) Sun. The editorial, which included the famous reply \"Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus\", has become a part of popular Christmas folklore in the United States and Canada."}
{"id": "doc2534052", "text": "Primary visual cortex (V1)[69]"}
{"id": "doc2534674", "text": "Ed Wood is a 1994 American biographical comedy-drama film directed and produced by Tim Burton, and starring Johnny Depp as the eponymous cult filmmaker. The film concerns the period in Wood's life when he made his best-known films as well as his relationship with actor Bela Lugosi, played by Martin Landau. Sarah Jessica Parker, Patricia Arquette, Jeffrey Jones, Lisa Marie, and Bill Murray are among the supporting cast."}
{"id": "doc2534676", "text": "Ed Wood was originally in development at Columbia Pictures, but the studio put the film in \"turnaround\" over Burton's decision to shoot in black-and-white. Ed Wood was taken to the Walt Disney Studios, which produced the film through the studio's Touchstone Pictures division. The film was released to critical acclaim, but was a box office bomb, making only $5.9 million against an $18 million budget. It won two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for Landau and Best Makeup for Rick Baker (who designed Landau's prosthetic makeup), Ve Neill and Yolanda Toussieng."}
{"id": "doc2534824", "text": "Rule B deals with attachment and garnishment in in personam actions."}
{"id": "doc2535522", "text": "After Bulworth's TV appearance (at the end of which one mysterious assassination attempt occurs) he escapes with Nina and goes with her back to her house where she reveals that she is the assassin he indirectly hired (ostensibly to make the money needed to pay off the debt her brother owes to L.D.) and will now not carry out the job. Relieved, Bulworth falls asleep for the first time in days in Nina's arms. Bulworth sleeps deeply for over 36 hours (with Nina tenderly watching over him), during which time the media is abuzz about his mysterious absence on election day. During this time, various people are shown reacting to the TV coverage and the impact Bulworth's escapade is making on the political/social conversation in the country (race, poverty, inequity, greed). Bulworth wins the primary election by a landslide."}
{"id": "doc2535523", "text": "The next morning the press and Bulworth's campaign managers converge on Nina's house, all eager to talk to him. L.D. also comes to Nina's house and, having had a change of heart, says he will let Nina's brother work off his debt instead of hurting or killing him. Bulworth emerges from the bedroom looking rested and, as he steps outside, he invites Nina to go with him; she eventually joins him, after some hesitation. Bulworth and Nina embrace and begin to kiss as people cheer. As Bulworth happily accepts a new campaign for the presidency, he is suddenly shot in front of the crowd of reporters and supporters by an agent of the insurance company lobbyists, who were fearful of Bulworth's recent push for single-payer health care."}
{"id": "doc2537202", "text": "As a scientist, Weber did not judge disenchantment. But he continued to believe that instrumental means require authorization by value-rational ends. Even apparently impersonal scientific inquiry, he argued, depends on intrinsic value-rational beliefs as much as does religion.[4]:43\u00e2\u20ac\u201c6 A recent study argues that his analysis provides legitimate means for restoring value-rational action as a permanent constraint on instrumental action."}
{"id": "doc2537625", "text": "Series 3 is listed under Season 4 on Netflix, as Netflix released Series 2 as two separate seasons in 2015."}
{"id": "doc2537823", "text": "In the human eye, light enters the pupil and is focused on the retina by the lens. Light-sensitive nerve cells called rods (for brightness), cones (for color) and non-imaging ipRGC (intrinsincally photosensitive retinal ganglion cells) react to the light. They interact with each other and send messages to the brain. The rods and cones enable vision. The ipRGCs enable entrainment to the Earth's 24-hour cycle, resizing of the pupil and acute suppression of the pineal hormone melatonin."}
{"id": "doc2537824", "text": "The retina contains three forms of photosensitive cells, two of them important to vision, rods and cones, in addition to the subset of ganglion cells involved in adjusting circadian rhythms and pupil size but probably not involved in vision."}
{"id": "doc2538886", "text": "Slavery in Florida began under Spanish rule and continued under American and later Confederate rule. It was theoretically abolished by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, but this had little effect in Florida. Slavery continued until the end of the Civil War and collapse of the Confederacy in the spring of 1865, followed by the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in December 1865. Some of the characteristics of slavery \u2014 inability to leave a disagreeable situation \u2014 continued under sharecropping, convict leasing, vagrancy laws. In the 20th and 21st centuries, conditions approximating slavery are found among marginal immigrant populations, especially migrant farm workers and involuntary sex workers."}
{"id": "doc2538897", "text": "Confederate authorities used slaves as teamsters to transport supplies and as laborers in salt works and fisheries. Many Florida slaves working in these coastal industries escaped to the relative safety of Union-controlled enclaves during the American Civil War. Beginning in 1862, Union military activity in East and West Florida encouraged slaves in plantation areas to flee their owners in search of freedom. Some worked on Union ships and, beginning in 1863, with the Emancipation Proclamation, more than a thousand enlisted as soldiers and sailors in the United States Colored Troops of the military.[15]"}
{"id": "doc2538901", "text": "Florida has a large agricultural economy and a large immigrant population, which has made it a prime environment for forced labor,[18] particularly in the tomato industry. Concerted efforts have led to the freeing of thousands of slaves in recent years.[19] The National Human Trafficking Resource Center reported receiving 1,518 calls and emails in 2015 about human trafficking in Florida.[20]"}
{"id": "doc2539732", "text": "Early in the 2008 Major League Soccer season, the league announced that the championship would be returning to Home Depot Center. Throughout the regular season, the league was dominated by the Columbus Crew, who finished the season with 57 points, and secured the Supporters' Shield title with three matches remaining before the 2008 MLS Cup Playoffs. Traditionally, the Shield winners only rarely made it to the league championship, in spite of usually being the heavy favorites going into the playoffs. However, for the first time in eight years, a regular season champion made it to the MLS Cup final. The Sigi Schmid-led club made their first ever run to the championship, along with their opponents the New York Red Bulls. For the Crew, being the Shield winners, their run to the final was a bit expected. The Red Bulls making the final was seen as a large surprise, possibly even a fluke. The Red Bulls did not qualify for the playoffs until the last day of the season, where they were the weakest team, in terms of regular season record, to qualify for the playoffs. The match ended up being dominated by the Crew as Columbus defeated New York with ease, 3\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1. The point gap between the two clubs was the largest in history, and the scoreline between the two clubs made it tied for the largest margin of victory in MLS Cup history. New York's run to the finals was further emphasized as a fluke when the club had the worst record in 2009."}
{"id": "doc2540212", "text": "Production began in the fall of 1976.[11] Although the film was set in Texas, the exteriors were shot in Whiskey Gap, Alberta, a ghost town, and a final scene was shot on the grounds of Heritage Park Historical Village, Calgary.[12]"}
{"id": "doc2542374", "text": "Further improvements in waste, water, energy and onsite food production are being progressively seen as a necessary and significant part of planning for urban sustainability in Australian cities.[31]"}
{"id": "doc2543056", "text": "where the second term is to be taken as zero if n is not divisible by 4. In particular, for a prime number p we have the explicit formula\u00a0r4(p)\u00a0=\u00a08(p\u00a0+\u00a01).[11]"}
{"id": "doc2543189", "text": "In 1976 alone, 36 bombs exploded around the Cleveland area, which was soon given the moniker \"Bomb City, U.S.A.\" The ATF tripled its staffing in northeast Ohio in order to handle the bomb investigations. A suspected bombmaker, Martin Heidtman, was arrested, but was released for lack of evidence. According to To Kill The Irishman (by Rick Porrello), Greene killed at least eight of the Mafia hit men sent to assassinate him, using bombs or bullets.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2543873", "text": "Order: Galliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Odontophoridae"}
{"id": "doc2543936", "text": "Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic; its sole member, the osprey, has been recorded in Georgia."}
{"id": "doc2543977", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Mimidae"}
{"id": "doc2544091", "text": "Songs: I Can\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t Do That, Let Us Love One Another, Stubborn Old Pharaoh, He Must Be Beautiful."}
{"id": "doc2544261", "text": "(Mt pa)"}
{"id": "doc2544691", "text": "Mass actions are lawsuits where a group of claimants band together to bring similar claims all at once. Class actions are lawsuits where counsel for one or more claimants bring claims on behalf of similarly situated claimants. These do not exist in most countries, and what will usually happen is that one case will be funded as a \"test case\", and if judgment falls in the claimants' favour the tortfeasor will settle remaining claims. Class actions are justified on the basis that they ensure equal treatment of similarly situated victims, avoid the risk of conflicting judgments on similar issues, and allow an efficient resolution of a large number of claims. In the US, class actions have been used (and by some views abused) in order to overcome the differences applicable in different jurisdictions, including the perceived predispositions of judges, juries, and differences in substantive or procedural law. So if one claimant lives in State X, where courts and laws are unfavourable to their claim, but another claimant lives in the more favorable jurisdiction of State Y, they may bring a class action together in State Y. Strictly speaking, State Y must not adjudicate the claim unless it is found that the applicable law is similar or identical in both states, but as a practical matter this rule is often disregarded in favor of efficient resolution of claims.[27][dubious \u00e2\u20ac\u201c discuss] Another measure particular to the U.S. is the introduction of \"proportionate liability\", in place of joint and several liability."}
{"id": "doc2545031", "text": "The M4 Sherman, officially Medium Tank, M4, was the most widely used medium tank by the United States and Western Allies in World War II. The M4 Sherman proved to be reliable, relatively cheap to produce, and available in great numbers. Thousands were distributed through the Lend-Lease program to the British Commonwealth and Soviet Union. The tank was named by the British for the American Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman."}
{"id": "doc2545045", "text": "The Army had seven main sub-designations for M4 variants during production: M4, M4A1, M4A2, M4A3, M4A4, M4A5, and M4A6. These designations did not necessarily indicate linear improvement; in that \"M4A4\" did not indicate it was better than \"M4A3.\" These sub-types indicated standardized production variations, which were in fact often manufactured concurrently at different locations. The sub-types differed mainly in engines, although the M4A1 differed from the other variants by its fully cast upper hull, with a distinctive rounded appearance. The M4A4 had a longer engine system that required a longer hull and more track blocks, and thus the most distinguishing feature of the M4A4 was the wider longitudinal spacing between the bogies. \"M4A5\" was an administrative placeholder designation for Canadian production. The M4A6 had a radial diesel engine as well as the elongated chassis of the M4A4, but only 75 of these were ever produced."}
{"id": "doc2545063", "text": "The Israeli Defense Force used Shermans from its creation in 1948 until the 1980s, having first acquired a single M4A2 lacking main armament from British forces as they withdrew from Israel.[48] The popularity of the tank (having now been re-armed) compared to the outdated, 1934-origin French Renault R35 interwar light tanks with their 37\u00a0mm short-barreled guns, which made up the bulk of the IDF's tank force, led to the purchase of 30 unarmed M4(105mm)s from Italian scrapyards.[48] Three of these, plus the original M4A2, saw extensive service in the 1948-9 war of independence. The remainder were then serviced and rearmed with 75\u00a0mm guns and components whenever these became available, composing a large part of Israeli tank forces for the next eight years. The 75\u00a0mm-armed Sherman were replaced by M4A1 (76\u00a0mm) Shermans imported from France before the 1956 Suez Crisis, after it was realised that their armor penetration was insufficient for combat against newer tanks such as the Centurions and T-34-85s being delivered to Egyptian forces.[49] During further upgrades, the French military helped develop a conversion kit to upgrade about 300 Shermans to the long high-velocity 75\u00a0mm gun CN 75-50 used in the AMX-13. These were designated Sherman M-50 by the Israelis. Before the Six Day War in 1967, the Israeli Army upgraded about 180 M4A1(76)W HVSS Shermans with the French 105\u00a0mm Mod\u00e8le F1 gun, re-engined them with Cummins diesel engines and designated the upgraded tank Sherman M-51. The Sherman tanks, fighting alongside the 105\u00a0mm Centurion Sh'ot Kal and M48 Patton tanks, were able to defeat the T-34/85, T-54/55/62 series, and IS-3 tanks used by the Egyptian and Syrian forces in the 1967 Six Day War.[50]"}
{"id": "doc2545074", "text": "The British anticipated future developments in German armor and began development of a 3-inch (76\u00a0mm) antitank gun even before its 57\u00a0mm predecessor entered service. Out of expediency and also driven by delays in their new tank designs, they mounted the powerful 3\u00a0in (76\u00a0mm) Ordnance QF 17-pounder gun in a standard 75\u00a0mm M4 Sherman turret. This conversion became the Sherman Firefly. Like the U.S. M1 gun, The 17 pdr was also a 76\u00a0mm gun, but the British piece used a more voluminous cartridge case containing a much bigger propellant charge. This allowed it to penetrate 174\u00a0mm (6.9\u00a0in) of unsloped RHA at 100 meters (110\u00a0yd) and 150\u00a0mm (5.9\u00a0in) at 1,000 meters (1,100\u00a0yd) using APCBC ammunition.[63] The 17-pounder still could not penetrate the steeply sloped glacis plate of the Panther but it was expected to be able to pierce its gun mantlet at over 2,500 yards (2,300\u00a0m);[71] moreover it was estimated it would defeat the Tiger I's frontal armor from 1,900 yards (1,700\u00a0m).[72] However, British Army test results conducted with two Fireflys against a Panther turret-sized target demonstrated relatively poor accuracy at long range; a hit probability of 25.4% at 1,500 yards (1,400\u00a0m) with APCBC, and only 7.4% with APDS.[73] In late 1943, the British offered the 17-pounder to the U.S. Army for use in their M4 tanks. General Devers insisted on comparison tests between the 17-pounder and the U.S. 90\u00a0mm gun. The tests were finally done on March 25 and May 23, 1944; they seemed to show the 90\u00a0mm gun was equal to or better than the 17-pounder. By then, production of the 76\u00a0mm-armed M4 and the 90\u00a0mm-armed M36 were both underway and U.S. Army interest in the 17-pounder waned. Late in 1944, the British began to produce tungsten sabot rounds for the 17-pounder, which could readily breach the armor of even the Tiger II; these were not as accurate as standard rounds and not generally available."}
{"id": "doc2545088", "text": "A Waffenamt-Pr\u00fcfwesen 1 report estimated[91] that with the M4 angled 30 degrees sidewards, the Sherman's glacis plate was invulnerable to shots from the Tiger's 8.8\u00a0cm KwK 36 L/56[92] and that the Panther, with its 7.5\u00a0cm KwK 42 L/70, would have to close in to 100 meters (110\u00a0yd) to achieve a penetration in the same situation.[93] Although the later-model German medium and heavy tanks were greatly feared, Buckley opined \"The vast majority of German tanks encountered in Normandy were either inferior or merely equal to the Sherman.\"[94]"}
{"id": "doc2545097", "text": "However, while this may have held true compared with the first generation German tanks, such as the Panzer III and Panzer IV, comparative testing with the second generation wide-tracked German tanks (Panther and Tiger) conducted by the Germans at their Kummersdorf testing facility, as well as by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division, proved otherwise, especially over muddy or other unfavorable terrain. Lieutenant Colonel Wilson M. Hawkins of the 2nd Armored Division wrote the following comparing the U.S. M4 Sherman and German Panther in a report to Allied headquarters:"}
{"id": "doc2545099", "text": "This was backed up in an interview with Technical Sergeant Willard D. May of the 2nd Armored Division who commented: \"I have taken instructions on the Mark V [Panther] and have found, first, it is easily as maneuverable as the Sherman; second the flotation exceeds that of the Sherman.\"[106]"}
{"id": "doc2545104", "text": "A similar vehicle was developed in Canada from January 1941, the Ram tank. Like the Sherman, this developed the M3 chassis and powertrain, with a fully rotating turret.[108] One improvement was the use of all-steel 'CDP' (Canadian Dry Pin) tracks, which although an inch narrower than the early M4 steel and rubber pad tracks, were cheaper to produce and gave better traction. Suspension units and roadwheels remained the M3 vertical volute pattern, with the idler above the mounting bracket, rather than the M4 development with the idler moved behind the mounting bracket to give more room for suspension travel. The Ram had a distinctive turret with a bolted flat-faced mantlet and the UK 6 pdr gun, with the hull machine gunner housed in a rotating turret based on the M3 'Lee' cupola, rather than the simpler ball-mount that was becoming universal for tank hull guns. Production facilities for the Ram were constructed at the Montreal Locomotive Works, with the aid of ALCo, but the large armour castings for turret and hull were supplied by General Steel Castings in the US. Greater Sherman production and availability meant that the Ram was never used in action as a gun tank, being either used for training or converted to Kangaroo armoured personnel carriers.[108]"}
{"id": "doc2545120", "text": "In 2002, Toto covered the song on their album Through the Looking Glass. In the same year, *NSYNC also covered a portion of the song on their Celebrity arena tour as part of a three-song Temptations medley."}
{"id": "doc2548244", "text": "Eka-caesium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, when she purified a sample of actinium-227 which had been reported to have a decay energy of 220\u00a0keV. Perey noticed decay particles with an energy level below 80\u00a0keV. Perey thought this decay activity might have been caused by a previously unidentified decay product, one which was separated during purification, but emerged again out of the pure actinium-227. Various tests eliminated the possibility of the unknown element being thorium, radium, lead, bismuth, or thallium. The new product exhibited chemical properties of an alkali metal (such as coprecipitating with caesium salts), which led Perey to believe that it was element 87, produced by the alpha decay of actinium-227.[28] Perey then attempted to determine the proportion of beta decay to alpha decay in actinium-227. Her first test put the alpha branching at 0.6%, a figure which she later revised to 1%.[18]"}
{"id": "doc2548332", "text": "The poem was first published on 22 February 1890 in the Scots Observer,[1] in America later in the year, and printed as part of the Barrack-Room Ballads shortly thereafter."}
{"id": "doc2548345", "text": "The Barrack-Room Ballads, as the name suggests, are songs of soldiers. Written by Kipling, they share a form and a style with traditional Army songs. Kipling was one of the first to pay attention to these works; Charles Carrington noted that in contrast to the songs of sailors, \"no-one had thought of collecting genuine soldiers' songs, and when Kipling wrote in this traditional style it was not recognised as traditional\".[8] Kipling himself was fond of singing his poetry, of writing it to fit the rhythm of a particular tune. In this specific case, the musical source has been suggested as the Army's \"grotesque bawdy song\" Barnacle Bill the Sailor, but it is possible that some other popular tune of the period was used.[9]"}
{"id": "doc2548869", "text": "Alan Gilbert as himself"}
{"id": "doc2549319", "text": "Leonard is also an Irish origin surname, from the Gaelic O'Leannain, consisting of the prefix O (\"descendant of\") and the suffix Leannan (\"lover\"). The oldest public records of the surname appear in 1272 in Huntingdonshire, England, and in 1479 in Ulm, Germany.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2552606", "text": "The visual system in animals allows individuals to assimilate information from their surroundings. The act of seeing starts when the cornea and then the lens of the eye focuses light from its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to serve as a transducer for the conversion of light into neuronal signals. Based on feedback from the visual system, the lens of the eye adjusts its thickness to focus light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, also known as the rods and cones, which detect the photons of light and respond by producing neural impulses. These signals are processed via complex feedforward and feedback processes by different parts of the brain, from the retina upstream to central ganglia in the brain."}
{"id": "doc2554555", "text": "The Queen Mother had been suffering from a persistent cold which she caught during Christmas 2001. She was bedridden at Sandringham after her final public engagement on 22 November 2001, when she attended the recommissioning of HMS Ark Royal.[2] However, despite missing many other scheduled events\u2014such as the 100th birthday celebrations of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, on 12 December 2001;[3]\nthe annual luncheon of the Women's Institutes, of which she was President, on 23 January 2002,[4] and traditional church services at Sandringham[5]\u2014she was determined to attend the funeral of her younger daughter Princess Margaret. On 13 February she slipped in her sitting room at Sandringham,[6] causing considerable concern to her daughter, the Queen, and the rest of the royal family, but she travelled to Windsor by helicopter the following day.[7] She attended the funeral on 15 February in a people carrier with blacked\u2013out windows,[8][9] (which had recently been used by Margaret)[10][11][12] shielded from the press according to her wishes so that no photographs of her in a wheelchair could be taken. She then returned to Royal Lodge. On 5 March 2002 she attended lunch at the annual lawn party of the Eton Beagles, and watched the Cheltenham races on television; but her health rapidly deteriorated during her last weeks after retreating to the Lodge for the final time.[13] She weakened further throughout March 2002, and died at 15:15 GMT on 30 March (Easter Saturday) with her surviving daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, at her bedside.[14]"}
{"id": "doc2555353", "text": "The college was established in 1958 and was initially affiliated to Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University. In 1985, it became affiliated to Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya. Since 2012 it is affiliated to Bilaspur University."}
{"id": "doc2556389", "text": "The human eye with normal vision has three kinds of cone cells that sense light, having peaks of spectral sensitivity in short (\"S\", 420 nm \u2013 440 nm), middle (\"M\", 530 nm \u2013 540 nm), and long (\"L\", 560 nm \u2013 580 nm) wavelengths. These cone cells underlie human color perception in conditions of medium and high brightness; in very dim light color vision diminishes, and the low-brightness, monochromatic \"night vision\" receptors, denominated \"rod cells\", become effective. Thus, three parameters corresponding to levels of stimulus of the three kinds of cone cells, in principle describe any human color sensation. Weighting a total light power spectrum by the individual spectral sensitivities of the three kinds of cone cells renders three effective values of stimulus; these three values compose a tristimulus specification of the objective color of the light spectrum. The three parameters, denoted \"S\", \"M\", and \"L\", are indicated using a 3-dimensional space denominated the \"LMS color space\", which is one of many color spaces devised to quantify human color vision."}
{"id": "doc2556420", "text": "The experiments were conducted by using a circular split screen (a bipartite field) 2 degrees in diameter, which is the angular size of the human fovea. On one side of the field a test color was projected and on the other side, an observer-adjustable color was projected. The adjustable color was a mixture of three primary colors, each with fixed chromaticity, but with adjustable brightness."}
{"id": "doc2557195", "text": "Conquest of Roman Syria"}
{"id": "doc2557673", "text": "The American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (/p\u025c\u02d0rs/; 1839\u20131914) introduced abduction into modern logic. Over the years he called such inference hypothesis, abduction, presumption, and retroduction. He considered it a topic in logic as a normative field in philosophy, not in purely formal or mathematical logic, and eventually as a topic also in economics of research."}
{"id": "doc2557678", "text": "Writing in 1910, Peirce admits that \"in almost everything I printed before the beginning of this century I more or less mixed up hypothesis and induction\" and he traces the confusion of these two types of reasoning to logicians' too \"narrow and formalistic a conception of inference, as necessarily having formulated judgments from its premises.\"[21]"}
{"id": "doc2557689", "text": "Sherlock Holmes uses this method of reasoning in the stories of Arthur Conan Doyle, although Holmes refers to it as deductive reasoning."}
{"id": "doc2557709", "text": "Inductive reasoning allows inferring \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n from \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n, where \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n does not follow necessarily from \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n. \n\n\n\na\n\n\n{\\displaystyle a}\n\n might give us very good reason to accept \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n, but it does not ensure \n\n\n\nb\n\n\n{\\displaystyle b}\n\n. For example, if all swans that we have observed so far are white, we may induce that the possibility that all swans are white is reasonable. We have good reason to believe the conclusion from the premise, but the truth of the conclusion is not guaranteed. (Indeed, it turns out that some swans are black.)"}
{"id": "doc2557720", "text": "Abductive validation is the process of validating a given hypothesis through abductive reasoning. This can also be called reasoning through successive approximation. Under this principle, an explanation is valid if it is the best possible explanation of a set of known data. The best possible explanation is often defined in terms of simplicity and elegance (see Occam's razor). Abductive validation is common practice in hypothesis formation in science; moreover, Peirce claims that it is a ubiquitous aspect of thought:"}
{"id": "doc2558036", "text": "The plot of the story was used by The Deaf Man as a means to confuse the detectives of the 87th Precinct in the Ed McBain novel The Heckler."}
{"id": "doc2558251", "text": "For a prime factor p of n, the multiplicity of p is the largest exponent a for which pa divides n exactly."}
{"id": "doc2562070", "text": "The legislative branch consists of a unicameral National Assembly of 193\u00a0members who are elected every five years, and although the Malawian constitution provides for a Senate of 80\u00a0seats, one does not exist in practice. If created, the Senate would provide representation for traditional leaders and a variety of geographic districts, as well as special interest groups including the disabled, youth and women. There are currently nine political parties, with the Democratic Progressive Party acting as the ruling party, it is in an unofficial coalition with United Democratic Front. the Malawi Congress Party currently led by Reverend Lazarus Chakwera is the main opposition party. Suffrage is universal at 18 years of age, and the central government budget for 2009/2010 is $1.7\u00a0billion.[13]"}
{"id": "doc2562963", "text": "Popper coined the term \"critical rationalism\" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scientific theories are abstract in nature, and can be tested only indirectly, by reference to their implications. He also held that scientific theory, and human knowledge generally, is irreducibly conjectural or hypothetical, and is generated by the creative imagination to solve problems that have arisen in specific historico-cultural settings."}
{"id": "doc2562973", "text": "To Popper, who was an anti-justificationist, traditional philosophy is misled by the false principle of sufficient reason. He thinks that no assumption can ever be or needs ever to be justified, so a lack of justification is not a justification for doubt. Instead, theories should be tested and scrutinised. It is not the goal to bless theories with claims of certainty or justification, but to eliminate errors in them. He writes, \"there are no such things as good positive reasons; nor do we need such things [...] But [philosophers] obviously cannot quite bring [themselves] to believe that this is my opinion, let alone that it is right\" (The Philosophy of Karl Popper, p.\u00c2\u00a01043)"}
{"id": "doc2563018", "text": "Popper played a vital role in establishing the philosophy of science as a vigorous, autonomous discipline within philosophy, through his own prolific and influential works, and also through his influence on his own contemporaries and students. Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and there lectured and influenced both Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, two of the foremost philosophers of science in the next generation of philosophy of science. (Lakatos significantly modified Popper's position,[71]:1 and Feyerabend repudiated it entirely, but the work of both is deeply influenced by Popper and engaged with many of the problems that Popper set.)"}
{"id": "doc2563023", "text": "He does not argue that any such conclusions are therefore true, or that this describes the actual methods of any particular scientist. Rather, it is recommended as an essential principle of methodology that, if enacted by a system or community, will lead to slow but steady progress of a sort (relative to how well the system or community enacts the method). It has been suggested that Popper's ideas are often mistaken for a hard logical account of truth because of the historical co-incidence of their appearing at the same time as logical positivism, the followers of which mistook his aims for their own.[76]"}
{"id": "doc2563030", "text": "In a book called Science Versus Crime, Houck writes[81] that Popper's falsificationism can be questioned logically: it is not clear how Popper would deal with a statement like \"for every metal, there is a temperature at which it will melt.\" The hypothesis cannot be falsified by any possible observation, for there will always be a higher temperature than tested at which the metal may in fact melt, yet it seems to be a valid scientific hypothesis. These examples were pointed out by Carl Gustav Hempel. Hempel came to acknowledge that Logical Positivism's verificationism was untenable, but argued that falsificationism was equally untenable on logical grounds alone. The simplest response to this is that, because Popper describes how theories attain, maintain and lose scientific status, individual consequences of currently accepted scientific theories are scientific in the sense of being part of tentative scientific knowledge, and both of Hempel's examples fall under this category. For instance, atomic theory implies that all metals melt at some temperature."}
{"id": "doc2563044", "text": "The cocktail party problem was first brought up in 1953 by Colin Cherry. This common problem is how our minds solves the issue of knowing what in the auditory scene is important and combining those in a coherent whole, such as the problem of how we can perceive our friend talking in the midst of a crowded cocktail party.[4] He suggested that the auditory system can filter sounds being heard. Physical characteristics of the auditory information such as speaker's voice or location can improve a person's ability to focus on certain stimuli even if there is other auditory stimuli present. Cherry also did work with shadowing which involves different information being played into both ears and only one ear's information can be processed and remembered (Eysneck, 2012, p.\u00c2\u00a084).[5] Another psychologist, Albert Bregman, came up with the auditory scene analysis model.[6] The model has three main characteristics: segmentation, integration, and segregation. Segmentation involves the division of auditory messages into segments of importance. The process of combining parts of an auditory message to form a whole is associated with integration. Segregation is the separation of important auditory messages and the unwanted information in the brain. It is important to note that Bregman also makes a link back to the idea of perception. He states that it is essential for one to make a useful representation of the world from sensory inputs around us. Without perception, an individual will not recognize or have the knowledge of what is going on around them. While Begman's seminal work is critical to understanding selective auditory attention, his studies did not focus on the way in which an auditory message is selected, if and when it was correctly segregated from other sounds in a mixture, which is a critical stage of selective auditory attention. Inspired in part by Bregman's work, a number of researchers then set out to link directly work on auditory scene analysis to the processes governing attention, including Maria Chait, Mounya Elhilali, Shihab Shamma, and Barbara Shinn-Cunningham."}
{"id": "doc2563094", "text": "Al-Azhar University is one of the relics of the Isma'ili Shi'a Fatimid dynasty era of Egypt, descended from Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad and wife of Ali son-in-law and cousin of Muhammad. Fatimah, was called Al-Zahra (the luminous), and it was named in her honor.[8] It was founded as mosque by the Fatimid commander Jawhar at the orders of the Caliph and Ismaili Imam Al-Muizz as he founded the city for Cairo. It was (probably on Saturday) in Jamadi al-Awwal in the year AH 359. Its building was completed on the 9th of Ramadan in the year AH 361 (AD 972). Both Al-'Aziz Billah and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah added to its premises. It was further repaired, renovated and extended by Al-Mustansir Billah and Al-Hafiz Li-Din-illah. Fatimid Caliphs always encouraged scholars and jurists to have their study-circles and gatherings in this mosque and thus it was turned into a university which has the claim to be considered as the oldest University still functioning.[9]"}
{"id": "doc2563097", "text": "In 1961, Al-Azhar was re-established as a university under the government of Egypt's second President Gamal Abdel Nasser when a wide range of secular faculties were added for the first time, such as business, economics, science, pharmacy, medicine, engineering and agriculture. Before that date, the Encyclopaedia of Islam classifies the Al-Azhar variously as madrasa, center of higher learning and, since the 19th century, religious university, but not as a university in the full sense, referring to the modern transition process as \"from madrasa to university\".[5][15] An Islamic women's faculty was also added in the same year, six years after Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah had been the first woman to speak at the university.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2563559", "text": "This is a list of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Final Four participants (a third-place game was played from 1946 to 1981)."}
{"id": "doc2568624", "text": "In April 2003, under the directorship of David Teller, a framework called the Melbourne Model was developed that went beyond the Ten Principles. It begins by drawing the resources of government, business and civil society into a cross-sector partnership in order to develop a practical project that addresses a seemingly intractable urban issue. In 2007, the then Director, Paul James (2007\u00e2\u20ac\u201c2014) and his colleagues Dr. Andy Scerri and Dr. Liam Magee, took this methodology further by integrating the partnership model with a four-domain sustainability framework called 'Circles of Sustainability'.[16]"}
{"id": "doc2569520", "text": "Fantasia 2000 is a 1999 American animated film by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Pictures, and released by Buena Vista Pictures. Produced by Roy E. Disney and Donald W. Ernst, it is the 38th Disney animated feature film and the sequel to Fantasia (1940). Like its predecessor, Fantasia 2000 consists of animated segments set to pieces of classical music. Celebrities including Steve Martin, Itzhak Perlman, Quincy Jones, Bette Midler, James Earl Jones, Penn & Teller, and Angela Lansbury introduce each segment in live action scenes directed by Don Hahn."}
{"id": "doc2569900", "text": "The father of Oswald Cobblepot and husband of Esther Cobblepot. He and his wife abandoned their son by throwing him into Gotham City's park river after realizing that he could be a danger to society after he killed their cat. Burgess Meredith, the actor who played The Penguin in the 1960s Batman TV series was originally asked to play Tucker, but he declined due his health problems which culminated with his death in 1997.[13][8]"}
{"id": "doc2569915", "text": "Danny Elfman had great enthusiasm for returning because \"I didn't have to prove myself from the first film. I remember Jon Peters was very skeptical at first to hire me.\"[39] Elfman's work schedule was 12 hours a day, 7 days a week. \"When completing this movie I realized it was something of a film score and an opera. It was 95 minutes long, twice the amount of the average film score.\"[39] Burton allowed Elfman to be more artistic with the sequel score, such as the \"scraping\" on violins for the cat themes. Under the pressure of finishing the score, however, the relationship between the two strained, which \u2014 along with further \"creative differences\" on The Nightmare Before Christmas[40] \u2014 led Burton to use Howard Shore to score his next film Ed Wood.[41] The musician co-orchestrated \"Face to Face\", which was written and performed by Siouxsie and the Banshees. The song can be heard in one scene during the film and during the end credits.[39]"}
{"id": "doc2570457", "text": "The Earth's meridional radius of curvature at the equator equals the meridian's semi-latus rectum:"}
{"id": "doc2570459", "text": "The Earth's radius of curvature along a course at an azimuth (measured clockwise from north) \u03b1 at \u03c6 is derived from Euler's curvature formula as follows:[14]:97"}
{"id": "doc2570462", "text": "The Earth's mean radius of curvature at latitude \u00cf\u2020 is:[14]:97"}
{"id": "doc2570473", "text": "For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371.0008\u00a0km (3,958.7564\u00a0mi).[16]"}
{"id": "doc2570574", "text": "Played by Joseph & Julius Wright (credited as Joseph Julius Wright) (1989\u20131990); and Bryton McClure (1990\u20131997)."}
{"id": "doc2573505", "text": "The first show aired in September 2000. By 2005, Cribs had featured tours of the homes of over 185 celebrities, musicians, actors, and athletes over the course of 13 seasons. The show was originally narrated by Ananda Lewis, then narrated by Su-chin Pak of MTV News. It was developed by Nina L. D\u00c3\u00adaz, who has gone on to develop My Super Sweet 16, also for MTV. A short iteration on CMT was titled CMT Cribs. The most watched and replayed episode of Cribs was a special one-hour edition touring Mariah Carey's New York penthouse. In 2005/2006, MTV Canada produced a series of Canadian-made Cribs episodes. A new season of Cribs, filmed in high definition, started in August 2007 with a new format, title sequences, new narrator and on-screen graphics. A 'Priciest Pads' special was created to kick off the new season, hosted by Kimora Lee Simmons."}
{"id": "doc2573609", "text": "M4A3 Sherman tank at Flamenco Beach."}
{"id": "doc2573767", "text": "In the fall of 1852, McClellan published a manual on bayonet tactics that he had translated from the original French. He also received an assignment to the Department of Texas, with orders to perform a survey of Texas rivers and harbors. In 1853 he participated in the Pacific Railroad surveys, ordered by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, to select an appropriate route for the planned transcontinental railroad. McClellan surveyed the western portion of the northern corridor along the 47th and 49th parallels from St. Paul to the Puget Sound. In doing so, he demonstrated a tendency for insubordination toward senior political figures. Isaac Stevens, governor of the Washington Territory, became dissatisfied with McClellan's performance in his scouting of passes across the Cascade Range."}
{"id": "doc2574040", "text": "\"You Won't See Me\" is a song by the Beatles, from the album Rubber Soul. Though credited to Lennon\u2013McCartney, it was written by Paul McCartney. Canadian singer Anne Murray covered \"You Won't See Me\" in 1974 and had a big hit, reaching number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, number 1 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart, and number 5 on the RPM Top Singles chart."}
{"id": "doc2574334", "text": "Vincent van Gogh, Irises, 1889"}
{"id": "doc2574862", "text": "The area played host to an episode of Rachael Ray's Food Network show $40 a Day, the Travel Channel's Man v. Food, and Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations."}
{"id": "doc2575081", "text": "Urbanisation and environmental consequences has always moved hand in hand. Odum in 1989 has called cities as \u2018parasites\u2019 on natural and domesticated environment, since it makes no food, cleans no air and cleans only a little amount of water for reuse[6] and Mayur (1990) has argued that such disharmony may result in environmentally catastrophic events (cited in Leitmann, 1999).[7] Leitmann mentioned such critical urban environmental problems as the \u2018brown agenda\u2019 which deals with both environmental health and industrialisation.[8] He further pointed out that throughout the 19th century; developing countries were more concerned of the public health impacts of poor sanitation and pollution.[9] Moreover, he figured out the links between cities and ecosystems into three phases. Early Urbanisation phase, starting from 3000 BCE to 1800 CE, was of more productive agricultural techniques yielding a surplus that was able to support non-agricultural concentrations of people. In second phase, Urban Industrialisation (1800 CE - 1950 CE), energy consumption, particularly fossil fuels, was increased rapidly with mechanisation of production. Since the 1950s the city/environment relationship has entered into third phase, Global Interdependence, with rapid population growth and globalisation of economy. Cities became the nodal points for large and globally interconnected flows of resources, wastes, and labour. Also, environmental problems are local, regional and global in scale, with cities increasingly contributing to global environmental damage."}
{"id": "doc2575700", "text": "21 Lt. Meenaben Jayantilal Kundalia Arts and com. Mahila College"}
{"id": "doc2576376", "text": "The Alpine chough is a host of the widespread bird flea Ceratophyllus vagabunda, two specialist chough fleas Frontopsylla frontalis and F.\u00c2\u00a0laetus,[44] a cestode Choanotaenia pirinica,[45] and various species of chewing lice in the genera Brueelia, Menacanthus and Philopterus.[46]"}
{"id": "doc2577873", "text": "Haley Reinhart sang a version with Slash and Myles Kennedy at the 18th Annual Power of Love Gala for Muhammad Ali."}
{"id": "doc2579822", "text": "The numbers 1 (aon) and 2 (d\u00f3) both have two separate ordinals: one regularly formed by adding -\u00fa (aon\u00fa, d\u00f3\u00fa), and one suppletive form (c\u00e9ad, dara). The regular forms are restricted in their usage to actual numeric contexts, when counting. The latter are also used in counting, especially c\u00e9ad, but are used in broader, more abstract senses of 'first' and 'second' (or 'other'). In their broader senses, c\u00e9ad and dara are not written as 1\u00fa and 2\u00fa, though 1\u00fa and 2\u00fa may in a numeric context be read aloud as c\u00e9ad and dara (e.g., an 21\u00fa l\u00e1 may be read as an t-aon\u00fa l\u00e1 is fiche or as an ch\u00e9ad l\u00e1 is fiche)."}
{"id": "doc2581273", "text": "The Act is only applicable to deposit accounts that are held by a \"natural person\" for personal, household, or family use. Accounts owned by businesses or organizations such as churches and neighborhood associations are not subject to these rules."}
{"id": "doc2581432", "text": "In John 20:15-17 Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene soon after his resurrection. At first she does not recognize him and thinks that he is the gardener. When he says her name, she recognizes him yet he tells her Noli me Tangere, do not touch me, \"for I am not yet ascended to my Father.\""}
{"id": "doc2582196", "text": "Later episodes were set in different locations outside the United Kingdom, with many being made in the United States."}
{"id": "doc2582472", "text": "Much of the film was filmed in Atlanta. Many of the school scenes were filmed at Walton High School in Marietta and at the Atlanta International School in Fulton County.[citation needed] The Farrelly brothers, who co-wrote and directed the original Dumb and Dumber, had no involvement in this film whatsoever, nor did Jim Carrey or Jeff Daniels, who played Lloyd and Harry in the original film. Although Peter Farrelly has never seen the prequel, he went on record as saying that he holds no ill-will against the movie and wished the filmmakers well on it.[2]"}
{"id": "doc2584848", "text": "With the first CD releases of their albums, the Beatles' core catalogue was harmonised worldwide to encompass their original UK studio albums released in 1963\u20131970, the 1967 US Magical Mystery Tour LP and the Past Masters compilation, the latter two of which include the recordings released in 1962\u20131970 that are not present on the UK albums (mainly non-album singles and B-sides). However, since then other past releases have been reissued in digital formats."}
{"id": "doc2586142", "text": "In 1906, conservationist Charles Alexander Sheldon conceived the idea of preserving the Denali region as a national park. He presented the plan to his co-members of the Boone and Crockett Club. They decided that the political climate at the time was unfavorable for congressional action, and that the best hope of success rested on the approval and support from the Alaskans themselves. Sheldon wrote, \"The first step was to secure the approval and cooperation of the delegate who represented Alaska in Congress.\"[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2587179", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in every Eon Bond film since Dr. No in 1962, with the exception of Moonraker in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in Octopussy. Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK as 007 in Quantum of Solace in 2008."}
{"id": "doc2587477", "text": "Because of this the rontgen had a variable relationship to the amount of energy absorbed dose per unit mass in the target material, as different materials have different absorption characteristics. As the science of radiation dosimetry developed, this was seen as a serious shortcoming."}
{"id": "doc2587562", "text": "Aerobic Gram-positive bacteria"}
{"id": "doc2587564", "text": "Anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria"}
{"id": "doc2587942", "text": "The Rolling Stones"}
{"id": "doc2588387", "text": "In the first scene from the pilot episode, Saul (now under the Gene Takovic alias), is working at a Nebraska Cinnabon. This scene in the premiere is set in Omaha, but it was filmed in Albuquerque at the Cottonwood Mall.[17]"}
{"id": "doc2588942", "text": "The album is also included in its entirety as part of the Simon & Garfunkel box sets Collected Works and The Columbia Studio Recordings (1964\u20131970)."}
{"id": "doc2589580", "text": "Pakistan was created as a separate state for Indian Muslims in British India in 1947, and followed the parliamentary form of democracy. In 1949, the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan passed the Objectives Resolution which envisaged an official role for Islam as the state religion to make sure any future law should not violate its basic teachings. On the whole, the state retained most of the laws that were inherited from the British legal code that had been enforced by the British Raj since the 19th century. In 1956, the elected parliament formally adopted the name \"Islamic Republic of Pakistan\", declaring Islam as the official religion."}
{"id": "doc2590174", "text": "Following 1874 and the rise of the Impressionist movement, Monet recalled Impression, Sunrise by naming other works with similar titles. The subtitles recalled Impression, Sunrise in style and influence, though their subjects varied. Examples of similarly titles works are Effet de brouillard, impression in 1879, L\u2019Impression in 1883, Garden at Bordighera, Impression of Morning in 1884, Marine (impression) in 1887, and Fum\u00e9es dans le brouillard, impression in 1904. These works then seemed as a continuation of his Le Havre scene, \"one of the sequence of canvases in which he was seeking to capture the most fleeting natural effects, as a display of his painterly virtuosity.\"[14] Evoking the name of Impression, Sunrise, but also providing stylistic connections, the later paintings are similarly \"quite summary and economical in handling, and depict particularly hazy or misty effects\" that is characteristic of Monet\u2019s impressionism in particular.[14]"}
{"id": "doc2590203", "text": "The show is broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4."}
{"id": "doc2592003", "text": "Pacific Rim Uprising is scheduled to be released on March 23, 2018, by Universal Pictures in 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D.[38] Originally scheduled for release on April 7, 2017, the release was postponed multiple times. The first delay was to August 4, 2017, then to February 23, 2018, and then it was delayed one final time from February 23, 2018 to March 23, 2018.[39]"}
{"id": "doc2593717", "text": "A \"U.S. person\" includes citizens, lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens, and corporations incorporated in the United States."}
{"id": "doc2593884", "text": ".38 Special"}
{"id": "doc2594422", "text": "Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies (\u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09ae \u0986\u099c\u09be\u09a6 \u0987\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u200c \u0985\u09ab \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u200c )   is an autonomous research institute based in Calcutta. It is funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Government of India. It was founded on 4 January 1993. The foundation stone of the institute was laid where the new building now stands on 12 March 1993. It is devoted to the study of the life and works of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the eminent nationalist leader and India's first education minister, after whom it is named, and to the furtherance of Area Studies, with special reference to South Asia, Central Asia and West Asia, especially dealing with social, cultural, economic, political and administrative developments in Asia from the nineteenth century to the present. M.Phil. and Ph.D. level students of the University of Calcutta, Jadavpur University and Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi are also associated with it."}
{"id": "doc2594980", "text": "British empiricism marked something of a reaction to rationalist and system-building metaphysics, or speculative metaphysics as it was pejoratively termed. The sceptic David Hume famously declared that most metaphysics should be consigned to the flames (see below). Hume was notorious among his contemporaries as one of the first philosophers to openly doubt religion, but is better known now for his critique of causality. John Stuart Mill, Thomas Reid and John Locke were less sceptical, embracing a more cautious style of metaphysics based on realism, common sense and science. Other philosophers, notably George Berkeley were led from empiricism to idealistic metaphysics."}
{"id": "doc2596083", "text": "They'd hook up again in 1969, when the Beatles were about to break up while recording the last album they released, Let It Be (they would later record Abbey Road, which was released prior to Let It Be). George Harrison, a friend of Preston, had quit, walked out of the studio and gone to a Ray Charles concert in London, where Preston was playing organ. Harrison brought Preston back to the studio, where his keen musicianship and gregarious personality temporarily calmed the tension.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2597697", "text": "Set in 1953, during the early days of television broadcast journalism. Edward R. Murrow (David Strathairn) along with his news team, producer Fred Friendly (George Clooney) and reporter Joseph Wershba (Robert Downey, Jr.) learn of U.S. Air Force officer Milo Radulovich, who is being forcibly discharged because of family members being known communists, and he refused to denounce them. Interest is piqued when it is found that the compilation of charges at Radulovich's hearing was in a sealed envelope and nobody saw them. Murrow presents the story to CBS News' director, Sig Mickelson (Jeff Daniels), who warns Murrow that the story will bring serious accusations and repercussions to CBS and their sponsors, some of whom have government contracts. He reluctantly allows the story to air, which gains positive responses from the public. Murrow also tries to ease the worries of his colleague, Don Hollenbeck (Ray Wise), who is struggling with both the strain of his recent divorce and attacks from newspaper writer Jack O'Brian, who is accusing him of being biased in his news reporting and being a \"pinko\"."}
{"id": "doc2598514", "text": "(Alicia Silverstone in the film, Rachel Blanchard in the series)"}
{"id": "doc2599837", "text": "The trachea and the first portions of the main bronchi are outside the lungs. The rest of the \"tree\" branches within the lungs, and ultimately extends to every part of the lungs."}
{"id": "doc2599866", "text": "The transcription preinitiation complex is a large complex of proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. It attaches to the promoter of the DNA (e.i., TATA box) and helps position the RNA polymerase II to the gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and then starts transcription.[7][16][17][18]"}
{"id": "doc2602317", "text": "As of 2010,[update] estimations by national and international bodies were that approximately 617,000 people[8] were on active duty in the three main service branches, with an additional 420,000 serving in paramilitary forces[8] and 513,000 in reserve.[34] It is an all-volunteer military, but conscription can be enacted at the request of the president with the approval of the parliament of Pakistan.[35] The military is the seventh largest in the world and has troops deployed around the globe in military assistance and peacekeeping operations.[34]"}
{"id": "doc2603021", "text": "When Michael is confronted from his employees about continuing his relationship with Donna even after he knows she's married, he declares a \"moment of silence\" in honor of Michael Jackson to shut them up. Creed says his favorite movie starring James McAvoy was Wanted.[4] When Andy and Michael have a conversation of Michael's affair they reference the 2009 film, Obsessed (which was about an affair) with Andy calling himself Beyonc\u00e9 and Michael is Ali Larter (the movie also starred Idris Elba, who had appeared in a few episodes of \"The Office\").[4] Michael calls Stanley, \"Morgan Freeman, narrating everything.\"[4] When Michael asserts that he is going to eat anything he wants, when he wants, Kevin replies, \"That's a dangerous game, Friendo,\" probably alluding to the movie No Country for Old Men."}
{"id": "doc2606816", "text": "In the C programming language, the implementation would be like:"}
{"id": "doc2607002", "text": "Since the EC editors had grown up listening to radio, this was frequently reflected in their stories, names and references. The name \"Alfred E. Neuman\" derived from comedian Henry Morgan's \"Here's Morgan\" radio series on Mutual, ABC and NBC. One character on his show had a name that was a reference to composer Alfred Newman, who scored many films and also composed the familiar fanfare that accompanies 20th Century Fox's opening film logo.[16] The possible inspiration for Henry Morgan was that Laird Cregar portrayed Sir Henry Morgan in The Black Swan (1942) with Tyrone Power, and the Oscar-nominated score for that film was by Newman. Listening to the sarcastic Morgan's brash broadcasts, the Mad staff took note and reworked the name into Neuman, as later recalled by Kurtzman:"}
{"id": "doc2607227", "text": "English singer Thea Gilmore recorded an acoustic, folk version for her 2005 Loft Music album."}
{"id": "doc2607396", "text": "Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, non spore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It is catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and expresses a beta hemolysin, which causes destruction of red blood cells. This bacterium exhibits characteristic tumbling motility when viewed with light microscopy.[8] Although L. monocytogenes is actively motile by means of peritrichous flagella at room temperature (20\u221225\u00a0\u00b0C), the organism does not synthesize flagella at body temperatures (37\u00a0\u00b0C).[9]"}
{"id": "doc2608289", "text": "The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is a museum and art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1805 and is the first and oldest art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training."}
{"id": "doc2608805", "text": "The LDWF free-lease on the more than 25,000 acre Jackson - Bienville Wildlife Management Area (a WMA since 1961)[11] was not renewed as of July 1, 2016,[12] as an agreement with the Weyerhaeuser Company could not be reached. Nesting areas of the Red-cockaded woodpeckers are still subject to protection by the State of Louisiana and the LDWF under current laws and rules and regulations."}
{"id": "doc2611984", "text": "The tournament was won for the first time by Marseille, defeating Milan in the final. However, soon after Marseille's victory allegations of match fixing were levelled at them and their president Bernard Tapie. This involved a league game where Marseille, it emerged, had fixed their title-clinching Division 1 game against Valenciennes so they could concentrate on the Milan tie. It is believed that Tapie bribed Valenciennes to lose so that Marseille would win the French league earlier, giving them more time to prepare for the European Cup final. This resulted in Marseille being stripped of their league title by the French Football Federation (although not the European Cup, as the match in question was not in that competition). They were banned from defending their European title in the 1993\u201394 season, and contesting the Intercontinental Cup and Super Cup. In 1994 Marseille was also relegated to the Division 2. The 1992-93 UEFA Champions League was the only edition so far where a French team won the title."}
{"id": "doc2612045", "text": "CSKA Moscow won 5\u00e2\u20ac\u201c2 on aggregate."}
{"id": "doc2613405", "text": "The law describes which chemical element and isotope is created during the particular type of radioactive decay:"}
{"id": "doc2613570", "text": "Although Tim Burton signed with Disney to direct two films in Disney Digital 3D, including Alice in Wonderland and his remake of Frankenweenie, development for its full-length stop motion version dates as far back as November 2005, when scripts had been written by Josann McGibbon and Sara Parriott.[16] John August was approached for a rewrite in 2006,[17] but was not hired until January 2009. Like the original, the feature version is shot in black and white. Many of the animation artists and crew from Corpse Bride are involved.[18] In addition to remaking his earlier project, Burton is also borrowing heavily from his design from the titular character of Family Dog for Sparky.[19]"}
{"id": "doc2613598", "text": "The film was released in the United States on November 18, 2016.[27]"}
{"id": "doc2613792", "text": "and we say that car M costs 25% more than car L. It is also common to express the comparison as a ratio, which in this example is,"}
{"id": "doc2613797", "text": "It is the use of the words \"of\" and \"less/more than\" that distinguish between ratios and relative differences.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2614035", "text": "This was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Cavaliers winning two out of the first three meetings."}
{"id": "doc2614073", "text": "The Unionist Party, formed in support of the Compromise of 1850, gained 10 seats (its first ever) in Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama. The Free Soil Party, which was strongly abolitionist, lost five seats and was reduced to four Representatives, all in New England districts. The States' Rights Party, a pro-slavery states' rights party, gained ground in Georgia and Mississippi."}
{"id": "doc2614074", "text": "One district in Massachusetts had been vacant in the 31st Congress.  No new seats were added.  The previous election had 1 Know-Nothing and 1 Independent"}
{"id": "doc2614080", "text": "Cardiac vessels."}
{"id": "doc2618276", "text": "In the Nahuatl language, Friday is quetzalc\u014d\u0101t\u014dnal ([ket\u0361sa\u026cko\u02d0a\u02d0\u02c8to\u02d0na\u026c]) meaning \"day of Quetzalcoatl\"."}
{"id": "doc2618985", "text": "The show began with seven main characters which eventually became 9 by the end of the first season. Since then, characters from that first season have left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series. Originally, it follows the life of Ryan Atwood, a troubled but tough young man from a broken home who is adopted by the wealthy and philanthropic Sandy and Kirsten Cohen. Ryan and his surrogate brother Seth, a socially awkward yet quick-witted teenager, deal with life as outsiders in the high-class world of Newport Beach. Ryan and Seth spend much time navigating their relationships with girl-next-door Marissa Cooper, Seth's childhood crush Summer Roberts and Atwood's girlfriend Taylor Townsend."}
{"id": "doc2619023", "text": "Henry Griffin is the Head of the Hospital Board. His daughter, Maya, dated Matt Ramsey briefly before breaking up, as Matt agrees Sandy Cohen's request to get Maya's help in giving a proposal to Henry. Henry asks Sandy to fire Matt for Maya which he does. Matt accuses Henry of taking kickbacks from ventures, and tries to sell the story to newspapers. In return, Henry orders three ruffians to vandalise Matt's apartment and beat him. After knowing what Henry did, Sandy threatens Henry to resign so he will \"take [him] down\". To stop Sandy, Henry bribes Sandy with a recommendation of a revitalising project. Later Matt asks Henry to pay him in exchange of evidence, and Henry brings a goon when they are ready to \"make\" the deal, but Sandy stops it. Sandy takes the evidence and pays Matt instead. Henry later is investigated by D.A. and banned from the board. Sandy finally gives up the hospital and supports D.A to charge Henry, by giving the documents D.A. needs."}
{"id": "doc2619671", "text": "For Mexico City residents, the park is valued as a cultural and historic area as well as green space.[4] The area has vestiges showing human presence as far back as the Toltecs with a number ruins from the pre-Columbian through to the colonial period.[3] Archeological studies have unearthed and identified tombs associated with Teotihuacan, a Toltec altar on the summit of Chapultepec Hill, remains of a colonial era aqueduct, paths associated with Nezahualcoyotl, and an area where Aztec priests ingested peyote as part of religious rites.[3][4] One notable site is the Baths of Moctezuma, which was a systems of tanks, reservoirs, canals and waterfalls constructed by the Aztecs.[4] The Instituto Nacional de Antropolog\u00eda e Historia has the park, as well as the Castle of Chapultepec on the hill, listed as Mexican heritage sites. They submitted the area for consideration as a World Heritage Site in 2001.[7][8][9]"}
{"id": "doc2620645", "text": "There have been three audiobook recordings of the novel. The first was an abridged edition, recorded in 1981 by Stephen Moore, best known for playing the voice of Marvin the Paranoid Android in the radio series, LP adaptations and in the TV series. In 1990, Adams himself recorded an unabridged edition, later re-released by New Millennium Audio in the United States and available from BBC Audiobooks in the United Kingdom. In 2006, actor Martin Freeman, who had played Arthur Dent in the 2005 movie, recorded a new unabridged edition of the audiobook."}
{"id": "doc2620889", "text": "Initially, concerns for secrecy kept the military designation of the Katyushas from being known by the soldiers who operated them. They were called by code names such as Kostikov guns, after the head of the RNII, the Reaction-Engine Scientific Research Institute, and finally classed as Guards Mortars.[2] The name BM-13 was only allowed into secret documents in 1942, and remained classified until after the war.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2621492", "text": "The Purge is a 2013 American dystopian horror film written and directed by James DeMonaco and is the first (chronologically, the second) installment in The Purge franchise. The film stars Ethan Hawke, Lena Headey, Adelaide Kane, and Max Burkholder as a family held hostage during \"The Purge\", which is a 12-hour time in which all illegal acts are decriminalized."}
{"id": "doc2621500", "text": "Mary thanks their neighbors for their support, but one of them, Grace Ferrin (Arija Bareikis), reveals their hatred for the Sandins due to the wealth acquired at their expense. They tie Mary, Charlie, and Zoey up with duct tape, pulling them out into the hallway to kill them, but as the neighbors make final preparations for the murder, the man whom Charlie let in earlier reappears, kills a neighbor (Tom Yi) with a Browning Hi-Power, and holds Grace hostage, forcing the neighbors to free the Sandins. He asks if Mary wishes to kill the neighbors, but Mary spares them. Eventually, the sirens go off, announcing the end of the annual purge. The neighbors leave, Mary thanks the man for his help, and he bids the Sandins good luck."}
{"id": "doc2621513", "text": "The Purge film itself and the concept of it were referenced numerous times during episode 9 of season 2 of the animated show Rick and Morty, where the two title characters become trapped on a \"purge world\"."}
{"id": "doc2622759", "text": "Most of the 60 species of eagles are from Eurasia and Africa.[1] Outside this area, just 14 species can be found \u00e2\u20ac\u201c two in North America, nine in Central and South America, and three in Australia."}
{"id": "doc2622770", "text": "Proposed subfamily Haliaeetinae. Genera: Haliaeetus, Ichthyophaga."}
{"id": "doc2622778", "text": "Harpy eagles[18] or \"giant forest eagles\"[17] are large eagles that inhabit tropical forests. The group contains two to six species, depending on the author. Although these birds occupy similar niches, and have traditionally been grouped together, they are not all related: the solitary eagles are related to the black-hawks, and the Philippine eagle to the snake eagles."}
{"id": "doc2623672", "text": "The descending thoracic aorta is part of the aorta, which has different parts named according to their structure or location. The descending thoracic aorta is a continuation of the descending aorta and becomes the abdominal aorta when it passes through the diaphragm. The initial part of the aorta, the ascending aorta, rises out of the left ventricle, from which it is separated by the aortic valve. The two coronary arteries of the heart arise from the aortic root, just above the cusps of the aortic valve. The aorta then arches back over the right pulmonary artery. Three vessels come out of the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. These vessels supply blood to the head, neck, thorax and upper limbs."}
{"id": "doc2624067", "text": "Pan de muerto (Spanish for bread of the dead), also called pan de los muertos or dead bread in the United States, is a type of sweet roll traditionally baked in Mexico during the weeks leading up to the D\u00eda de Muertos, which is celebrated on November 1 and 2.[1] It is a sweetened soft bread shaped like a bun, often decorated with bone-shaped phalanges pieces. Pan de muerto is eaten on D\u00eda de Muertos, at the gravesite or altar of the deceased. In some regions, it is eaten for months before the official celebration of Dia de Muertos. In Oaxaca, pan de muerto is the same bread that is usually baked, with the addition of decorations. As part of the celebration, loved ones eat pan de muerto as well as the relative's favorite foods. The bones represent the deceased one (difuntos or difuntas) and there is normally a baked tear drop on the bread to represent goddess Chimalma's tears for the living. The bones are represented in a circle to portray the circle of life. The bread is topped with sugar. This bread can be found in Mexican grocery stores in the U.S."}
{"id": "doc2624072", "text": "Muertes ('deaths'), made in the State of Mexico, are made with a mix of sweet and plain dough with a small amount of cinnamon. Other types in the region include gorditas de ma\u00c3\u00adz, aparejos de huevo ('egg sinkers', apparently after fishing weights) and huesos ('bones').[2]"}
{"id": "doc2624891", "text": "All particles have a property called weak isospin (symbol T3), which serves as a quantum number and governs how that particle behaves in the weak interaction. Weak isospin plays the same role in the weak interaction as does electric charge in electromagnetism, and color charge in the strong interaction. All left-handed fermions have a weak isospin value of either +\u200b1\u20442 or \u2212\u200b1\u20442. For example, the up quark has a T3 of +\u200b1\u20442 and the down quark \u2212\u200b1\u20442. A quark never decays through the weak interaction into a quark of the same T3: Quarks with a T3 of +\u200b1\u20442 only decay into quarks with a T3 of \u2212\u200b1\u20442 and vice versa."}
{"id": "doc2629336", "text": "In season 3, Roy gains a full red suit that is a variation of Oliver's costume, with all his equipment, and with red arrows. However, he is plagued by guilt because of the cop he killed. In the sixth episode \"Guilty\", Roy is officially dubbed Arsenal after a villain and former superhero sidekick tells Roy Oliver doesn't really care for him and he is just \"another weapon in [Oliver's] arsenal\".[35] In \"Midnight City\" and \"Uprising\", while Oliver appeared to have been killed by Ra's al Ghul, citizens began to refer to Roy as the Red Arrow. He becomes a core and respected member of Oliver's team, leading their work in the field. After Oliver is found to be alive, Ra's al Ghul exposes his secret identity, but Roy, deciding to redeem himself for killing the cop, takes the fall for his mentor. He allows himself to be publicly captured in Oliver's costume so that the public thinks he, not Oliver Queen, is the Arrow. He sets up a fake assassination of himself in jail after being assaulted by other prison inmates, while in reality Roy is able to escape custody with the aid of a former A.R.G.U.S. agent, convincing the public that Oliver is innocent. He is forced to leave the city to avoid exposing the deception. Thea finds him working as a mechanic named Jason in Monument Point. He encourages Thea to live the life he and Oliver sacrificed so much for, and leaves her his red costume before taking off for another new life in Hub City before she can find out. Deciding to join Team Arrow, she requests to be \"Red Arrow\", but Oliver already told everyone to call her \"Speedy\". In season 4 Thea eventually accepts the code name and refuses to change it when Vibe questions it (\"Legends of Today\"). Roy's fall allows Oliver to rise as the \"Green Arrow\", a new hero different from \"The Arrow\" a few months after defeating Ra's al Ghul."}
{"id": "doc2629396", "text": "In languages that use lazy evaluation by default (like Haskell), all functions are effectively short-circuit, and special short-circuit operators are not needed."}
{"id": "doc2630525", "text": "Sales of the live album and DVD release of the film continue to benefit the George Harrison Fund for UNICEF."}
{"id": "doc2631871", "text": "Other voice-over credits include documentaries for National Geographic, The History Channel, The Discovery Channel, and The Learning Channel, to name a few. Lyman has narrated many episodes of the WGBH-TV Nova series (including the Frontline partnership, What's Up With The Weather?) -- more recently he narrated a series of commercials for the Mexican beer Dos Equis,[citation needed] revolving around their character of \"The Most Interesting Man in the World\", portrayed onscreen by actor Jonathan Goldsmith. He has also provided the voice for many commercials of the German automaker BMW."}
{"id": "doc2632693", "text": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1984\u20131985), The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1986\u20131988), The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (1991\u20131993) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1994), collectively known as Sherlock Holmes, are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom. The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke (in the Adventures series) and Edward Hardwicke (Return, Case-Book, Memoirs) as Dr. Watson."}
{"id": "doc2633615", "text": "Order: Galliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Numididae"}
{"id": "doc2633664", "text": "Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Threskiornithidae"}
{"id": "doc2633711", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Chaetopidae"}
{"id": "doc2633718", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Stenostiridae"}
{"id": "doc2633722", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Aegithalidae"}
{"id": "doc2633733", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Phylloscopidae"}
{"id": "doc2633752", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Buphagidae"}
{"id": "doc2634365", "text": "In 1990, Heard starred in arguably his most memorable mainstream role as Peter McCallister in the comedy hit Home Alone. He played the part of Kevin's father who unwittingly leaves his son at home when making a Christmas trip to France. Heard chose to characterize the role with a combination of concerned dramatic acting of a father missing his son along with more classical comedic tropes.[citation needed] The film was one of the biggest hits of 1990, and Heard reprised the role of McCallister in the sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York."}
{"id": "doc2634368", "text": "In 2008, Heard was asked about his career and he replied,"}
{"id": "doc2634369", "text": "Heard married actress Margot Kidder in 1979, but they separated after only six days.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2634372", "text": "Heard died of a heart attack on July 21, 2017. His body was found by staff in a Palo Alto, California hotel, where he was reportedly recovering after minor back surgery at Stanford University Hospital. His back surgery did not play a role in his death.[13][14] His death was confirmed by the Santa Clara County Medical Examiner's office. He was buried in Old South Cemetery in Ipswich, Massachusetts.[15][16][17][18]"}
{"id": "doc2634491", "text": "Multiple movies have been filmed here, including:"}
{"id": "doc2636635", "text": "Motto: I DARE.[78]"}
{"id": "doc2636762", "text": "Motto: THIS I'LL DEFEND[187]\nBadge: cranberry or cloudberry[34]"}
{"id": "doc2638106", "text": "In June 2013, a new cabinet was announced by the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif; all cabinet officials were from the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PMLN).[1]}}"}
{"id": "doc2639996", "text": "His second memoir, Things I Overheard While Talking to Myself, weaves together advice from public speeches he has given with personal recollections about his life and beliefs."}
{"id": "doc2641052", "text": "For several centuries the Bishops, or in some places only the Primates and Patriarchs,[5] could grant martyrs and confessors public ecclesiastical honor; such honor, however, was always decreed only for the local territory of which the grantors had jurisdiction. Only acceptance of the cultus by the Pope made the cultus universal, because he alone can rule the universal Catholic Church.[6] Abuses, however, crept into this discipline, due as well to indiscretions of popular fervor as to the negligence of some bishops in inquiring into the lives of those whom they permitted to be honoured as saints."}
{"id": "doc2646161", "text": "Unlike gram-negative bacteria, the gram-positive Corynebacterium species lack lipopolysaccharides that function as antigenic endotoxins in humans.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2646391", "text": "Gordon is introduced as a homicide detective and Iraq War veteran who has recently been transferred to Gotham City, where he lives with his fianc\u00c3\u00a9e, Barbara Kean (Erin Richards). As his first case, Gordon and his partner, Detective Harvey Bullock (Donal Logue) are assigned the case of Thomas and Martha Wayne's murder. After arriving at the crime scene, he comforts the Waynes' son, Bruce (David Mazouz), who had survived the ordeal, promising him that he would do everything in his power to find the murderer and bring him to justice."}
{"id": "doc2647546", "text": "In the Mexican Catholic tradition, the quincea\u00f1era celebration begins with a thanksgiving Mass. She arrives at church accompanied by her parents, godparents, and court of honor. The court of honor is a group of her chosen peers consisting of paired-off girls and boys, respectively known as damas (dames) and chambelanes (chamberlains). Typically, the court consists of pairs ranging from seven to fifteen damas and chambelanes. At this religious mass, a Rosary, or sometimes a necklace with a locket or pendant depicting Mexico's patron saint, the Virgin of Guadalupe, is presented to the teenager by her godparents, the necklace having been previously blessed by the priest. She is also awarded a tiara, which serves as a reminder that to her loved ones, especially her immediate family, the quincea\u00f1era will always be a princess. Some also see it as denoting that she is a \"princess\" before God and the world. After this, the girl may leave her bouquet of flowers on the altar for the Virgin Mary."}
{"id": "doc2647552", "text": "The celebration of a quincea\u00f1era party is a strong tradition for the majority of Mexicans, especially among families of rural and low socioeconomic origins; but it is common for girls of middle and upper socioeconomic class to dismiss the tradition as \"naca\" (tacky). In recent years, many girls, mostly from the Mexico City suburbs, tend to prefer a small party with their close family or friends, and ask for a paid vacation, instead of having their families invest a lot of money on a quincea\u00f1era party."}
{"id": "doc2647600", "text": "In 2010, the song was ranked amongst the top 10 most controversial songs of all time, in a poll conducted by PRS for Music.[19]"}
{"id": "doc2648883", "text": "The Birds (1963), inspired by a short story by English author Daphne du Maurier and by a news story about a mysterious infestation of birds in Capitola, California, was Hitchcock's 49th film, and the location scenes were filmed in Bodega Bay, California.[130] Newcomer Tippi Hedren co-starred with Rod Taylor and Suzanne Pleshette. The scenes of the birds attacking included hundreds of shots mixing live and animated sequences. The cause of the birds' attack is left unanswered.[131]"}
{"id": "doc2649134", "text": "The US Army also created independent tank battalions to attach to infantry divisions during World War II in order to give them fire support."}
{"id": "doc2652795", "text": "His new contact is Joe Weyburn (Stephen Tobolowsky), a corrupt FBI agent in league with Diggs and Sorenson. Just as Marianne prepares to confront Rick they are surprised by Sorenson and Diggs, who show up at the gas station with guns blazing."}
{"id": "doc2653404", "text": "The alteration of the military flint-lock to the percussion musket was easily accomplished by replacing the powder pan by a perforated nipple, and by replacing the cock or hammer that held the flint with a smaller hammer that had a hollow to fit on the nipple when released by the trigger. The shooter placed a percussion cap (now made of three parts of potassium chlorate, two of fulminate of mercury and powdered glass) on the nipple. The detonating cap thus invented and adopted, brought about the invention of the modern cartridge, and rendered possible the general adoption of the breech-loading principle for all varieties of rifles, shotguns and pistols. This greatly streamlined the reloading procedure and paved the way for semi- and full-automatic firearms.[citation needed]"}
{"id": "doc2653436", "text": "For a visual comparison of similar-diameter handgun cartridges with different rim designs, see 380 ACP (semi-automatic) vs. .38 Special (revolver)."}
{"id": "doc2653445", "text": "The Daisy Heddon VL Single Shot Rifle, which used a caseless round in .22 caliber, was produced by the air gun company, beginning in 1968. Apparently Daisy never considered the gun an actual firearm. In 1969, the ATF ruled it was in fact a firearm, which Daisy was not licensed to produce. Production of the guns and the ammo was discontinued in 1969. They are still available on the secondary market, mainly as collector items, as most owners report that accuracy is not very good.[34]"}
{"id": "doc2653657", "text": "Rong boars are a porcine species found on Mimban."}
{"id": "doc2654127", "text": "The Men in Belle's life:"}
{"id": "doc2654916", "text": "The show's first season premiered on December 6, 2011, and its second season premiered on November 7, 2012. Season 3 premiered on November 3, 2013. Season 4 premiered on November 4, 2014.[8] Season 5's premiere date is November 17, 2015."}
{"id": "doc2655378", "text": "In the fifth-season premiere, an FBI raid reveals to the rest of the team that ISIS was never sanctioned by the U.S. government and Malory has been running illegal missions for years. Malory manages to work a deal to keep everyone from going to jail and living off her hidden bank accounts (naturally, she never warned anyone else to keep their money). She then decides to use a metric ton of cocaine ISIS had confiscated to set up a drug cartel, noting \"how hard can it be if Mexicans can do it?\" Her scheme leads to the end of her relationship with Ron, who loses patience with the criminal lifestyle, although they eventually reconcile. Malory also takes on managing Cheryl in her country music career. It is eventually revealed that Malory has set up the entire venture as a ploy to sell drugs for the CIA, and is able to leverage her team a position as a sanctioned outsourced organization in Season 6."}
{"id": "doc2655469", "text": "Following the hearing, Lola lets Joe know she's drugged Applegate so that he will sleep through the last game. They commiserate over their condemned situation at a nightclub (\"Two Lost Souls\")."}
{"id": "doc2656052", "text": "Furthermore, it is possible that individuals in a de facto relationship can be treated substantively different to a person in a marriage. In the event of an unexpected end to a de facto relationship (such as death of a partner), the surviving partner must often prove the existence of a relationship in order to be registered as the next of kin on a death certificate and receive government bereavement payments and access to a partner's superannuation. These requirements vary on a state by state basis. Given that same-sex couples do not have the option to marry, as heterosexual couples do, these discrepancies can have a particularly discriminatory impact on same-sex couples.[25] The rights of a de facto partner may be poorly understood by government departments, resulting in occasions where said couples have not had their rights upheld.[26]"}
{"id": "doc2656322", "text": "The day of filming in the salvage yard, which took place at LA Japanese Auto Parts in Sun Valley, California,[2] was abnormally hot according to Lauren V\u00e9lez.[3] The Airstream trailer in which Dexter's victim is found was brought into the salvage yard for filming externally, but was assembled on a studio sound stage for shooting scenes inside the trailer. Erik King remarked that the trailer was dirty, odorous and humid\u2014\"all the things we needed it to be\".[3] Other filming locations included a waterfront house on Hibiscus Island in Biscayne Bay, Florida as the Castillos' home,[4] an empty field next to Sun Valley's Tujunga Wash where a young Debra practices shooting with Harry's pistol,[5] and a house in a residential neighborhood of Long Beach, California which stands in for Dexter's childhood home.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2656944", "text": "In April 1945, the Allies make their final push into Nazi Germany. Don \"Wardaddy\" Collier, a battle-hardened U.S. Army staff sergeant in the Second Armored Division, commands an M4 Sherman \"Easy Eight\" tank nicknamed Fury and its veteran crew: gunner Boyd \"Bible\" Swan, loader Grady \"Coon-Ass\" Travis, driver Trini \"Gordo\" Garcia, and assistant driver\u00e2\u20ac\u201cbow gunner \"Red\". They have been together since the North African campaign. Red is killed in action and replaced by Private Norman Ellison, a fresh recruit trained only as a clerk typist."}
{"id": "doc2656965", "text": "The film additionally had a partnership with the popular online video game World of Tanks, where the main tank from the film, Fury, was available for purchase in-game using real currency for a limited time after the film's release. The tank also served as the centerpiece in themed events in the vein of the film following its release. While the PC and Console versions of the Fury are nearly photo realistic the version for Blitz is rather poorly modeled. Despite numerous customer complaints Wargaming has refused to correct the poorly rendered model on World of Tanks Blitz even though a much better representation of the tank was used in the advertising.[47][48][49]"}
{"id": "doc2657970", "text": "Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-sized jackdaws (Eurasian and Daurian) to the common raven of the Holarctic region and thick-billed raven of the highlands of Ethiopia, the 45 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate continents except South America, and several islands. The crow genus makes up a third of the species in the family Corvidae. The members appear to have evolved in Asia from the corvid stock, which had evolved in Australia. The collective name for a group of crows is a 'flock' or a 'murder'.[1] The genus name is Latin for \"raven\".[2]"}
{"id": "doc2658008", "text": "In Denmark, the night raven is considered an exorcised spirit. A hole in its left wing denotes where the stake used to exorcise it was driven into the earth. He who looks through the hole will become a night raven himself.[58]"}
{"id": "doc2658416", "text": "CT pulmonary angiography showing a \"saddle embolus\" at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery and thrombus burden in the lobar arteries on both sides."}
{"id": "doc2659217", "text": "Based on a literal interpretation of scriptures such as Revelation 14:1\u20134, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that exactly 144,000 faithful Christians go to heaven as spirit creatures to rule with Christ in the kingdom of God. They believe that most of those are already in heaven, and that the \"remnant\" at Revelation 12:17 (KJV) refers to those remaining alive on earth who will be immediately resurrected to heaven when they die. The Witnesses understand Jesus\u2019 words at John 3:3\u2014\"except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God\"\u2014to apply to the 144,000 who are \"born again\" as \"anointed\" sons of God in heaven.[144] They associate the terms \"Israel of God\" (Galatians 6:16), \"little flock\" (Luke 12:32), and \"the bride, the Lamb's wife\" (Revelation 21:9) in the New Testament with the \"anointed\".[145][146]"}
{"id": "doc2659622", "text": "Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: Muscicapidae"}
{"id": "doc2660510", "text": "Priestley's refusal to accept Lavoisier's \"new chemistry\"\u2014such as the conservation of mass\u2014and his determination to adhere to a less satisfactory theory has perplexed many scholars.[116] Schofield explains it thus: \"Priestley was never a chemist; in a modern, and even a Lavoisierian, sense, he was never a scientist. He was a natural philosopher, concerned with the economy of nature and obsessed with an idea of unity, in theology and in nature.\"[117] Historian of science John McEvoy largely agrees, writing that Priestley's view of nature as coextensive with God and thus infinite, which encouraged him to focus on facts over hypotheses and theories, prompted him to reject Lavoisier's system.[118] McEvoy argues that \"Priestley's isolated and lonely opposition to the oxygen theory was a measure of his passionate concern for the principles of intellectual freedom, epistemic equality and critical inquiry.\"[119] Priestley himself claimed in the last volume of Experiments and Observations that his most valuable works were his theological ones because they were \"superior [in] dignity and importance\".[120]"}
{"id": "doc2660672", "text": "Set in the fictional town of Ravenswood, Pennsylvania, the series follows five strangers whose lives become intertwined by a deadly curse that has plagued their town for generations.[7] They have to dig into the town's dark past to solve the mysterious curse."}
{"id": "doc2662230", "text": "Elizabeth II takes a keen interest in the breeding of her horses, and is the patron of the Thoroughbred Breeders' Association. She makes regular visits to observe and assess her animals first hand from birth and beyond. Her horses are foaled at the Royal Stud in the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, England. As yearlings, they are raised at Polhampton Stud in Hampshire, before being passed on to the training facilities of any one of seven trainers (as of 2018 season). Once they finish racing, they remain in her care into retirement or are sold at various bloodstock sales. Her bloodstock and racing adviser is John Warren, who took over the role from his father in law, Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon, on his death in 2001. He had held the post since 1969."}
{"id": "doc2664639", "text": "In 1883, he was nominated to the membership of the Governor General Council. He became a professor of law in Calcutta University in 1881. In 1890 he was made a judge in the Calcutta High Court.[4] He founded the political organisation, Central National Muhamedan Association, in Calcutta in 1877. This made him the first Muslim leader to put into practice the need for such an organisation due to the belief that efforts directed through an organisation would be more effective than those originating from an individual leader. The Association played an important role in the modernisation of Muslims and in arousing their political consciousness.[5] He was associated with it for over 25 years, and worked for the political advancement of the Muslims. When Morley's reforms were passed one Indian has to hold the post of law member of the government of India, Satyendra P. Sinha was the first Indian to hold the position and when he resigned in November 1910, Syed Amir Ali was the second Indian to hold the position.[6]"}
{"id": "doc2664641", "text": "In 1910, he established the first mosque in London. In doing so he formally co-established the London Mosque Fund, alongside a group of prominent British Muslims, to finance the building of the mosque in the capital. His field of activities was now broadened and he stood for Muslim welfare all over the world. He played an important role in securing separate electorates for the Muslims in South Asia and promoting the cause of the Khilafat Movement.[7]"}
{"id": "doc2665656", "text": "Homonymous denotes a condition which affects the same portion of the visual field of each eye."}
{"id": "doc2665658", "text": "A lesion affecting one side of the temporal lobe may cause damage to the inferior optic radiations (known as the temporal pathway or Meyer's loop) which can lead to superior quadrantanopia on the contralateral side of both eyes (colloquially referred to as \"pie in the sky\"); if the superior optic radiations (parietal pathway) are lesioned, the visual loss occurs on the inferior contralateral side of both eyes and is referred to as an inferior quadrantanopia.[5]"}
{"id": "doc2665803", "text": "\"You Did Not Bear The Shame, You Resisted, Sacrificing Your Life For Freedom, Justice and Honor.\""}
{"id": "doc2666461", "text": "The FBI caught up with and arrested Soliah/Olson, in 1999 after a tip was received by the television show America's Most Wanted, which had twice aired her profile. In 2001, she pleaded guilty to possession of explosives with the intent to murder and was sentenced to two consecutive terms of ten years to life, although she had been told as part of a plea bargain that she would serve no more than eight years. She attempted to change her plea, claiming to the judge that she pleaded guilty only because she believed she could not receive a fair trial for bombing charges considering public sentiment after the 9-11 terrorist attacks. She maintained her innocence, insisting that she personally had had nothing to do with making, possessing or placement of the pipe bombs. The judge refused her request.[24]"}
{"id": "doc2667180", "text": "In 2009, Office producers Michael Schur and Greg Daniels offered Offerman a regular supporting role in their NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation: that of Ron Swanson, the deadpan, government-hating head of a city parks department and boss of Amy Poehler's character Leslie Knope.[1] Slate magazine declared Offerman \"Parks and Recreation's secret weapon\", and said he regularly stole scenes and \"has a gift for understated physical comedy\".[7] The role weaves antagonism and political philosophy with humanity, while the intense libertarian philosophy the character lives out is often played off against the equally intense liberalism and 'do-gooder' mentality of Poehler's character. Offerman said that supporting parts such as that of Parks and Recreation are his ideal roles, and that he draws particular inspiration from Reverend Jim Ignatowski, the character played by Christopher Lloyd in the sitcom Taxi.[1]"}
{"id": "doc2667831", "text": "Delicious: Emily's New Beginning was released in the fall of 2014. The game was playable for GameHouse's and Zylom's FunPass players before non-subscribers were able to play it. In this game, Emily and Patrick are taking care of their baby girl, Paige. This proves to be quite the challenge, as Emily longs for the restaurant business again. The gameplay mostly concerns her struggles with balancing her work life and motherhood at the same time."}
{"id": "doc2668054", "text": "In the C programming language, the standard input, output, and error streams are attached to the existing Unix file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 respectively.[5] In a POSIX environment the <unistd.h> definitions STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO or STDERR_FILENO should be used instead rather than magic numbers. File pointers stdin, stdout, and stderr are also provided."}
{"id": "doc2670026", "text": "gorillas\u00a0(genus Gorilla)"}
{"id": "doc2670725", "text": "Christianity was persecuted by Roman imperial authorities early on in its history within the greater empire."}
{"id": "doc2670770", "text": "Compare this with the same function in C:"}
{"id": "doc2671424", "text": "The snakeheads comprise two extant genera:"}
{"id": "doc2672483", "text": "Abbreviations for predicted unobserved decay[4][better\u00a0source\u00a0needed]:"}
{"id": "doc2672998", "text": "In 1880, he began excavations on lands that came to him in inheritance and which contained a wealth of archaeological material from the Roman and Saxon periods. He excavated these over seventeen seasons, beginning in the mid-1880s and ending with his death. His approach was highly methodical by the standards of the time, and he is widely regarded as the first scientific archaeologist. Influenced by the evolutionary writings of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer, he arranged the artefacts typologically and (within types) chronologically. This style of arrangement, designed to highlight the evolutionary trends in human artefacts, was a revolutionary innovation in museum design, and was of enormous significance for the accurate dating of the objects. His most important methodological innovation was his insistence that all artefacts, not just beautiful or unique ones, be collected and catalogued. This focus on everyday objects as the key to understanding the past broke decisively with past archaeological practice, which had often verged on treasure hunting.[20]"}
{"id": "doc2673602", "text": "The show debuted in a short run from October to November 2004, then returned the following February."}
{"id": "doc2673772", "text": "As of 16 February 2018, 217 episodes of QI have aired, concluding \"Series O\". This count does not include the unbroadcast pilot, the 2011 Comic Relief live special, the 2012 Sport Relief special and 18 compilation episodes. On 1 March 2018, it was announced that the show will return for \"Series P\" in late 2018.[6][7]"}
{"id": "doc2674592", "text": "Quinquereme of Nineveh from distant Ophir"}
{"id": "doc2674988", "text": "More, with the introduction of provincial autonomy under the Government of India Act 1935, The first limited election were held in NWFP in 1936. Ghaffar Khan was banned from the province. His brother, Dr. Khan Sahib, led the party to a narrow victory and became Chief Minister. Ghaffar Khan returned to Peshawar in triumph on 29 August 1937 on what the Peshawar daily Khyber Mail called the happiest day of his life. During the two-year stint of the Congress party under Dr Khan Sahib as Chief minister, major reforms were introduced including land reforms, promotion of the teaching of Pashto and the release of political prisoners."}
{"id": "doc2676129", "text": "The keys of heaven or keys of Saint Peter are seen as a symbol of papal authority: \"Behold he [Peter] received the keys of the kingdom of heaven, the power of binding and loosing is committed to him, the care of the whole Church and its government is given to him [cura ei totius Ecclesiae et principatus committitur (Epist., lib. V, ep. xx, in P.L., LXXVII, 745)]\".[3]"}
{"id": "doc2676569", "text": "Troxler's fading can occur without any extraordinary stabilization of the retinal image in peripheral vision because the neurons in the visual system beyond the rods and cones have large receptive fields. This means that the small, involuntary eye movements made when fixating on something fail to move the stimulus onto a new cell's receptive field, in effect giving unvarying stimulation.[2] Further experimentation this century by Hsieh and Tse showed that at least some portion of the perceptual fading occurred in the brain, not in the eyes.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2676752", "text": "After the execution, Ryan goes to a bar, and repeatedly orders two shots of whiskey, as he imagines that he is drinking with Joe. Ryan then sleeps with the bartender, however he tells Gwen the next day as he feels guilty, Gwen leaves him."}
{"id": "doc2676763", "text": "Ryan goes to a bar and drinks that night, ordering two shots every turn, as he imagines that he is drinking with Joe. Ryan's illusions of Joe continue, particularly as he over-steps the lines and tortures Penny."}
{"id": "doc2676807", "text": "In season 3, Mark enlists the help of a young married couple, Kyle and Daisy Locke, to take part in a series of murders, manipulating the crime scenes to shadow the deaths of his mother, twin and sister. Mark swears revenge on the FBI, particularly Ryan Hardy, Max Hardy and Mike Weston for the killings of his sister, twin and mother. He shows signs of schizophrenia, having conversations to himself as Luke and himself. He kills FBI agent Jeff Clarke, who he had recorded on video admitting to allowing a black ops mission to take down Arthur Strauss, among others."}
{"id": "doc2677350", "text": "Filming began in July 2016 in London.[3]"}
{"id": "doc2677524", "text": "On August 9, 2018, the film had not been released in theaters as originally planned and filming has been announced to start on the fall of 2018.[85]"}
{"id": "doc2677869", "text": "Mawlid an-Nabawi celebrations in Cairo in 1878"}
{"id": "doc2678215", "text": "The National Assembly (Pashto: \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u200e Mili Shura, Persian: \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u200e Shura-i Milli), also known as the Afghan Parliament,[2] is Afghanistan's national legislature. It is a bicameral body, comprising two chambers:"}
{"id": "doc2679049", "text": "The House Chamber was designed with an Italian Renaissance theme.[28] William B. Van Ingen created the fourteen circular, stained-glass windows in the House Chamber,[68] and Abbey painted its five murals.[69] The largest of the murals is situated behind the Speaker's rostrum. Named the Apotheosis of Pennsylvania, it depicts 28\u00c2\u00a0famous Pennsylvanians.[a][70]"}
{"id": "doc2680091", "text": "The band started including the song in their live shows in 1965. It is characterised by the classic percussive \"honk\" of Lennon's Rickenbacker 325. One of the versions of the song can also be found on the Beatles' live albums, Live at the Hollywood Bowl and Live at the BBC, while a version from the first of two shows at Nippon Budokan in Tokyo in 1966 appears on Anthology 2."}
{"id": "doc2680499", "text": "In visual areas, the maps are retinotopic; this means they reflect the topography of the retina, the layer of light-activated neurons lining the back of the eye. In this case too, the representation is uneven: the fovea\u2014the area at the center of the visual field\u2014is greatly overrepresented compared to the periphery. The visual circuitry in the human cerebral cortex contains several dozen distinct retinotopic maps, each devoted to analyzing the visual input stream in a particular way. The primary visual cortex (Brodmann area 17), which is the main recipient of direct input from the visual part of the thalamus, contains many neurons that are most easily activated by edges with a particular orientation moving across a particular point in the visual field. Visual areas farther downstream extract features such as color, motion, and shape."}
{"id": "doc2680676", "text": "The film was primarily shot in County Donegal, Ireland.  Some of the orphanage scenes were shot in an abandoned hospital 'touched-up' by the design crew. Over 500 locals/extras were seen for casting, over three days, including many children. 'Smudge' was an animatronic, and its scenes were shot first, due to concerns about bad weather on the beach, which never occurred. In fact, for the 'rain scene' (jumping in puddles), they had to produce it, as it failed to rain during production.[2]"}