{ "course": "Electronic_Commerce", "course_id": "CO3027", "schema_version": "material.v1", "slides": [ { "page_index": 0, "chapter_num": 0, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_001.png", "page_index": 0, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:42:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic Course outline" }, { "page_index": 1, "chapter_num": 0, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_002.png", "page_index": 1, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:42:51+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Assessments Presentation Assignment Final exam 20 % 30 % % 50 15 % Presentation Opened exam 5 % In-class Multiple-choice activities (*) Missing any parts of the above assessment will lead to zero grade." }, { "page_index": 2, "chapter_num": 0, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_003.png", "page_index": 2, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:42:56+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Course Goals L.O.1: Explain what electronic commerce is L.O.2: Describe electronic commerce environment L.0.3: Describe dynamic pricing strategies L.O.4: Describe online marketing methods L.O.5: Understand basic technologies in electronic commerce L.O.6: Present the principles of user experience and interface design and e-commerce L.O.7 : Describe mechanisms to make electronic commerce systems secure L.O.8: Describe the importance of online payment L.O.9: Analyze the role of mobile commerce L.O.10: Describe development process for electronic commerce systems" }, { "page_index": 3, "chapter_num": 0, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_004.png", "page_index": 3, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:04+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Week Content Notes 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to E-commerce Lecture 2 Chapter 2: E-commerce environment Blended learning 3 - 4 OFF (Tet holidays) 5 Chapter 3: Pricing & revenue models Blended learning 6 Review Chapter 2 + 3 Lecture Chapter 4: Online marketing Lecture & Presentations 0 Chapter 5: Electronic payment Lecture & Presentations 9 Chapter 6: Design Thinking and Methodology Lecture & Presentations 10 OFF (Midterm off) 11 Chapter 6: Design Thinking and Methodology (cont.) Lecture & Presentations 12 Chapter 7: Mobile commerce Lecture & Presentations 13 Chapter 8: Planning Lecture & Presentations 14 Chapter 9: Security Lecture & Presentations 15 Demo Assignment 16 Demo Assignment 17 Demo Assignment 18 Demo Assignment (Reserved)" }, { "page_index": 4, "chapter_num": 0, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_0/slide_005.png", "page_index": 4, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:09+07:00" }, "raw_text": "References [1] G. P. Schneider (2016), Electronic Commerce, 12th Edition, Course Technology, ISBN: 978 0-538-46924-1 [2] Krug, S. (2000), Don't make me think!: a common sense approach to Web usability, Pearson Education India. [3] Reynolds, J. (2004), The complete e-commerce book: design, build & maintain a successful web-based Business, CRC Press. 2019: business, technology [4] Kenneth, c. L. (2019), E-commerce and society, Prentice hall." }, { "page_index": 5, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_001.png", "page_index": 5, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:14+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Chapter 1: Introduction to Electronic Ce SALE C SALE BUY 0 0" }, { "page_index": 6, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_002.png", "page_index": 6, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:19+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Learning Objectives What is electronic commerce? . Categories of e-commerce Business Models,Revenue Models, and Business Processes E-commerce: Opportunities and Barriers Economics and e-commerce International nature of e-commerce 2" }, { "page_index": 7, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_003.png", "page_index": 7, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "What is electronic commerce? Electronic commerce (or e-commerce, eCommerce): all business activities that use Internet technologies Buying and selling goods or services Other activities such as businesses trading with other businesses and internal processes that companies use to support their buying, selling, hiring, planning, ... Most people use the terms \"electronic commerce\" and \"electronic business\" interchangeably IBM defines electronic business as the transformation of key business s processes through the use of Internet technologies 3" }, { "page_index": 8, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_004.png", "page_index": 8, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:30+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Categories of e-commerce Categorizing electronic commerce by the types of entities participating in the transactions or business processes. Three common categories: Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business-to-business (B2B) Consumer-to-consumer (c2c) A single company might participate in activities that fall under multiple e-commerce categories. 4" }, { "page_index": 9, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_005.png", "page_index": 9, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:34+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Categories of e-commerce Business-to-consumer (B2C) Consumer shopping on the Web Example: consumer buys books from Tiki S TIKI Lazada Shopee 5" }, { "page_index": 10, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_006.png", "page_index": 10, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:39+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Categories of e-commerce Business-to-business (B2B) Transactions conducted between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer Example: Intel sells chips to other businesses hp intel' Microsoft 6" }, { "page_index": 11, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_007.png", "page_index": 11, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:44+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Categories s of e-commerce Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Individuals buying and selling among themselves Web auction site C2C incIuded in B2C Sellers act as businesses. Example: Consumer selling an old phone to another consumer on ChoTot ? ebaY choTOT 7" }, { "page_index": 12, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_008.png", "page_index": 12, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:43:56+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Category Description Example E- Business-to-consumer (B2C) Businesses sell Walmart.com sells products or services to merchandise to consumers commerce individual consumers. through its Web site. categories Business-to-business B2B) Businesses sell Grainger.com sells industrial products or services to supplies to large and small other businesses. businesses through its Web site. Business processes that Businesses and other Dell Computer uses secure supportbuying and organizations maintain Internet connections to share selling activities and use information to current sales and sales identify and evaluate forecast information with customers, suppliers suppliers.The suppliers can and employees. use this information to plan Increasingly, businesses their own production and share this information in deliver component parts to carefully managed ways Dell in the right quantities at with their customers, the right time. suppliers,employees, and business partners Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Participants in an online Consumers and businesses marketplace can buy and trade with each other in the sell goods to each other. eBay.com online marketplace. Because one party is selling, and thus acting as a business, this book treats C2C transactions as part of B2C electronic commerce. Business-to-government (B2G Businesses sell goods or CA.gov procurement site allows services to governments businesses to sell online to the and government agencies. state of California. This book treats B2G transactions as part of B2C electronic commerce." }, { "page_index": 13, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_009.png", "page_index": 13, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:44:01+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Business processes that support selling and purchasingactivities Business-to-business electronic commerce Business-to-consumer electronic commerce Relative Size (in terms of dollar volume and number of transactions)of Electronic 9 mmerce Elements" }, { "page_index": 14, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_010.png", "page_index": 14, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:44:07+07:00" }, "raw_text": "DISCUSSION Compare B2B, B2C, C2C in term of: Customer Focus Quantity of merchandise Relationship Relationship horizon Buying and Selling cycle Buying Decision Creation of Brand Value" }, { "page_index": 15, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_011.png", "page_index": 15, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:44:11+07:00" }, "raw_text": "The e-Commerce growth of The First Wave of Electronic Commerce, 1995-2003 Internet-related businesses were started with more than $100 billion of investors' money 2000-2003: dot com bust News stories: death of e-commerce Examples: Pets.com, Boo.com, Cisco, Amazon 11" }, { "page_index": 16, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_012.png", "page_index": 16, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:44:18+07:00" }, "raw_text": "The e-Commerce growth of The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce, 2004-2009 From 2004, the number of u.S. homes with broadband connections began to increase rapidly. By 2009, those estimates were ranging between 70 and 80 percent The increased use of home Internet connections opens up more opportunities for businesses to make online sales. The Third Wave of Electronic Commerce, 2010-Present . Mobile commerce: A critical mass of mobile users with powerful devices (smartphones and tablets) Widespread social networking 12" }, { "page_index": 17, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_013.png", "page_index": 17, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:44:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic Commerce Characteristic First Wave Second Wave Third Wave International Dominated by U.S. Global enterprises in many Emergence of China,India, Brazil, Character of companies countries participating in and other countries as major Electronic electronic commerce centers of electronic commerce Commerce activity Languages Most electronic commerce Many electronic commerce English is no longer the Web sites in English Web sites available in multiple dominant language on Web languages sites worldwide Funding Many new companies Established companies funding Wide variety of funding started with outside investor electronic commerce initiatives sources available, including money with their own capital crowdsourcing Connection Many electronic commerce Rapidly increasing use of High bandwidth mobile telephone Technologies participants used slow broadband technologies for networks become an additional Internet connections Internet connections important connection technology Contact with Unstructured e-mail Customized e-mail strategies Social networking tools are Customers communication with are integral to customer important additions to e-mail customers contact contact Advertising and Reliance on simple forms Use of multiple sophisticated Increasingly, advertising and Electronic of online advertising as advertising approaches and marketing strategies are driven by Commerce main revenue source better integration of electronic available online communication Integration commerce with existing technologies business processes and strategies Distribution of Widespread piracy due to New approaches to the sale Sale and distribution of digital Digital Products ineffective distribution and distribution of digital products becomes commonplace of digital products products First-Mover Rely on first-mover Realize that first-mover First-mover advantage no longer Advantage advantage to ensure advantage leads to success seen as a key element in success in all types of only for some companies in electronic commerce initiatives markets and industries certain specific markets and industries" }, { "page_index": 18, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_014.png", "page_index": 18, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:44:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Business Models, Revenue Models, & Business Processes Business model: set of processes that combine to achieve a company's primary goal Business process: collection of related activities to produce a specific service or product Primary (core) processes: create value directly (purchasing manufacturing, sales,...) Supporting processes: support core processes (accounting, recruitment, technical support,...) Instead of copying business models, a wiser approach is to improve/replace specific business processes model: a specific collection of business processes Revenue used to identify, market, and generate sales to customers. 14" }, { "page_index": 19, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_015.png", "page_index": 19, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:44:55+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Business s suitability to type of process Suited to a Combination of Well Suited to Electronic and Traditional Well Suited to Electronic Commerce Commerce Strategies Traditional Commerce Sale/purchase of books Sale/purchase of Sale/purchase of impulse and CDs automobiles items for immediate use Sale/purchase of goods Banking and financial Sale/purchase of used, that have strong brand services unbranded goods reputations Online delivery of software and Roommate-matching digital content, such as music services and movies Sale/purchase of travel Sale/purchase of services residential realestate Online shipment tracking Sale/purchase of high- value jewelry and antiques Sale/purchase of investment and insurance products 15" }, { "page_index": 20, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_016.png", "page_index": 20, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:01+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Value chain: a Primary activities performed in a strategic business unit Manufacture Provide after-sale chain of Design product or Deliver service and create service activities for a support firm operating in Purchase materials and a specific supplies Market industry and sell Identify customers - Supporting activities performed by the central corporate organization Finance and Human Technology administration resource development activities activities activities 16" }, { "page_index": 21, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_017.png", "page_index": 21, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:07+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Logger cuts Value chain down tree Sawmill converts Industry value chain: a chain of logs to lumber various processes that are Lumberyard(distributor) provides selection of lumber involved in producing goods (and services), starting with raw +******* Chair factory materials and ending with the assembles chair delivered product Furniture retailer SwOT (strengths, weaknesses, markets and sells chair opportunities, threats) analysis Consumer purchases and uses chair Landfill or recycler disposes of chair 17" }, { "page_index": 22, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_018.png", "page_index": 22, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:10+07:00" }, "raw_text": "DISCUSSION: E-commerce: Opportunities and Barriers" }, { "page_index": 23, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_019.png", "page_index": 23, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:17+07:00" }, "raw_text": "E-commerce: Opportunities and Bappsiturs ties Create virtual community For sellers Increase sales Decrease cost Increase reach and richness For buyers Increase purchasing opportunities Identify new suppliers and business partners Easier negotiating price and delivery terms Increase speed, information exchange accuracy Wider range of choices 19" }, { "page_index": 24, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_020.png", "page_index": 24, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "E-commerce: Opportunities and Boppsieurs ties . For society Lower costs to issue: Electronic payments of tax refunds Public retirement Welfare support Secure and guick Internet transmission Fraud, theft loss protection Electronic payments easier to audit and monitor Reduced commuter-caused traffic, pollution due to telecommuting Products and services available in remote areas 20" }, { "page_index": 25, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_021.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_021.png", "page_index": 25, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:28+07:00" }, "raw_text": "E-commerce: Opportunities and Barriers Not all products & services suitable for e-commerce Technology and software issues Consumers resistant to change Cultural differences Conflicting laws These barriers will disappear when Advancing of technologies Buyers willing to buy through the Internet 21" }, { "page_index": 26, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_022.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_022.png", "page_index": 26, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:32+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Economics and e-commerce Economics: study of how people allocate scarce resources One way people do this is to participate in markets Most economists agree that markets are strong and effective mechanisms for allocating scarce resources Transaction cost: total cost of a transaction 22" }, { "page_index": 27, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_023.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_023.png", "page_index": 27, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "DISCUSSION How companies are formed? Knitters CLOTHES Knitters'market Top Buy managers Control information Middle managers CLOTHES Sweaterdealers Sell Buy First-line supervisors Sweater market Knitters CLOTHES Buy CLOTHES CLOTHES CLOTHES Sweater dealer Retail clothing shops Retail clothing shops" }, { "page_index": 28, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_024.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_024.png", "page_index": 28, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:41+07:00" }, "raw_text": "DISCUSSION Economics and e-commerce Agency cost: the cost of using an agency Two components: The costs inherently associated with using an agent The costs of technigues used to mitigate the problems associated with using an agent costs 24" }, { "page_index": 29, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_025.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_025.png", "page_index": 29, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Economics and e-commerce Law of diminishing returns: in all productive processes, adding more of one factor of production, while holding all others constant, will at some point yield lower per-unit returns Network effect: more people or organizations participate in a network, the value of the network to each participant increases E-commerce can be used to create network effect 25" }, { "page_index": 30, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_026.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_026.png", "page_index": 30, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:50+07:00" }, "raw_text": "International nature Internet connects computers worldwide When companies use Web to improve business process they automatically operate in global environment Key issues Trust 26 \"On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog." }, { "page_index": 31, "chapter_num": 1, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_027.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_1/slide_027.png", "page_index": 31, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:45:57+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Seller Domestic freight International nat (exporter) carrier Freight forwarder Key issues Customs Languages Seller's office bank Culture International freight BAN carrier Government Infrastructure Customs Buyer's broker bank Buyer Domestic freight Port or bonded (importer) carrier warehouse Physical flow Informationflow" }, { "page_index": 32, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_001.png", "page_index": 32, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:00+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic c Commerce Environment" }, { "page_index": 33, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_002.png", "page_index": 33, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:04+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Objectives E-commerce legal environment Online crime, terrorism, warfare Intellectual property Ethical issues" }, { "page_index": 34, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_003.png", "page_index": 34, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:09+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Legal environment All businesses must comply to laws Culture Ethical Laws standards Borders and Jurisdiction Physical world: territorial borders mark range of culture and applicable laws Jurisdiction: the ability to control a person or corporation of the government" }, { "page_index": 35, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_004.png", "page_index": 35, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Legal environment Geographic & legal boundaries Power Effect Legitimacy Notice Power Control over space,people,and objects Effects Physical Stronger on people and things that are closer Legal geographic Legitimacy boundaries boundaries Mandate of thosepeople subject to the laws Notice People must know about a law to obey it" }, { "page_index": 36, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_005.png", "page_index": 36, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:19+07:00" }, "raw_text": "DISCUSSION Legal c environment Jurisdiction on the Internet Much more difficult Use contract: promises between 2 or more legal entities for exchanging values Violation of contract: filed in courts with jurisdiction Conflict of laws Online businesses: look to federal laws for guidance How about international issues?" }, { "page_index": 37, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_006.png", "page_index": 37, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Legal c environment Contract in e-commerce Offer Acceptance Consideration Implied contract Act as if contract exists Even with no written and signed contract Contract on the Internet Email exchange, fill web form, end-user license agreements EULAs), etc. Warranties on the Web Implied warranties Warranty disclaimer" }, { "page_index": 38, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_007.png", "page_index": 38, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:30+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Online crime, terrorism, warfare Online crime Online version of physical crimes: theft, stalking, pornography distribution, gambling New online crime: using computers to attack other computers, cyberbullying, stealing or destroying important data Difficult to enforce laws due to jurisdiction issues Advantages of the Internet Track perpetrators of online crimes Criminals brag on social networking sites Criminals leave clues in online profiles" }, { "page_index": 39, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_008.png", "page_index": 39, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:35+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Online crime, terrorism, warfare New age of terrorism and warfare carried out or coordinated through the Internet Web sites Openly support or are operated by hate groups and terrorist organizations Contain detailed instructions for creating biological weapons, other poisons Contain discussion boards (help terrorist groups recruit new members online) Offer downloadable terrorist training films" }, { "page_index": 40, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_009.png", "page_index": 40, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:41+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Online crime, terrorism, warfare Online warfare Actions by a nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption Espionage Sabotage Meantthat switchingthe plantor Last month,the lranian government 1000 conceded. ntrifuges the virus's infection of still under construction BushehrNuclearFacility" }, { "page_index": 41, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_010.png", "page_index": 41, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:47+07:00" }, "raw_text": "DISCUSSION Intellectual property Intellectual property Products of human mind Protected by copyright, patent, trademark, and service mark Copyright Exclusive right granted to creators of literary or artistic works (print, publish, sell) For a limited time (e.g. life of authors + 70 years Idea cannot be copyrighted Web pages are protected by copyright Fair use: news report, teaching, research, etc" }, { "page_index": 42, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_011.png", "page_index": 42, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:53+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Intellectual property Copyright infringement Difficult to apply Napster peer-to-peer file sharing Case-by-case basis Patent Exclusive right granted to an individual to make, use, and sell an invention Limited time (20 years Invention: must be genuine, novel, useful, and not obvious given current technology state Business process patent: controversial" }, { "page_index": 43, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_012.png", "page_index": 43, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:46:57+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Intellectual property Trademark and service mark Trademark: distinctive mark, device, motto, implement company affixes to goods it produces for identification purpose Service mark: similar to trademark, but for service identification Must register to be protected Web site designers must not use any trademarked name, logo other identifying mark without express permission of trademark owner" }, { "page_index": 44, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_013.png", "page_index": 44, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:03+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Intellectual property Domain name issues Cybersquatting Name changing (typosquatting Name stealing Protecting intellectual property Digital watermark Digimarc: provides watermark protection systems and software Copy control Electronic mechanism limiting number of copies" }, { "page_index": 45, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_014.png", "page_index": 45, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:08+07:00" }, "raw_text": "DISCUSSION Ethical issues Companies using Web sites to conduct electronic commerce should adhere to the same ethical standards that other businesses follow Advertising or promotion should include only true statements and should omit any information that could mislead potential customers Even true statements have been held to be misleading when the ad omits important related facts. Any comparisons to other products should be supported by verifiable information" }, { "page_index": 46, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_015.png", "page_index": 46, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Ethical issues BURGER KING WHOPPER ADVERTISEMENTS ACTUALWHOPPER ROTATED TO MOST ATTRACTIVE ANGLE -WITHCHEESE -SLIGHTLYFLUFFEDUP.FORPICTURE MCDONALDS ANGUS DELUXE TP ADVERTISEMENTS ACTUALBURGER ROTATED TO MOST ATTRACTIVE ANGLE SLIOHTLYFLUFFED UP.FORPICTURE TACO BELL CRUNCHY TACO NEW1-2-3LOOKSMASCARA Advertisements Actual Taco" }, { "page_index": 47, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_016.png", "page_index": 47, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:20+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Ethical issues Violation of ethical standards Damaged reputation Long-term loss of trust Important ethical issue organizations face Limiting use of collected e-mail addresses, related information Lack of government regulation: most organizations state their policy Privacy rights Laws have not kept pace with the growth of the Internet and the Web Companies lose control of the data they collect on their customers" }, { "page_index": 48, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_017.png", "page_index": 48, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Ethical issues Privacy policies Opt-out approach Assumes customer does not object to company's use of information Unless customer specifically denies permission Opt-in approach Company collecting information does not use it for any other purpose Unless customer specifically chooses to allow use Communication with children Children less capable of evaluating information sharing and transaction risks" }, { "page_index": 49, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_018.png", "page_index": 49, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:29+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Ethical issues Electronic commerce Web sites Be conservative in customer data collection and use Use four principles for handling customer data Use data collected for improved customer service Do not share customer data with others outside your company without customer's permission Tell customers what data you are collecting and what you are doing with it Give customers the right to have you delete any data collected about them Keep data secure" }, { "page_index": 50, "chapter_num": 2, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_2/slide_019.png", "page_index": 50, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:33+07:00" }, "raw_text": "End of chapter 2" }, { "page_index": 51, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_001.png", "page_index": 51, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:37+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Chapter 3: Pricing & Revenue models Electronic Commerce" }, { "page_index": 52, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_002.png", "page_index": 52, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:41+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Outline pice ana actors aitectlno nricino Determining price Dynamic pricing Auctions Revenue models 2" }, { "page_index": 53, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_003.png", "page_index": 53, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:45+07:00" }, "raw_text": "and Pricing Price Price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. (Philip Kotler) Pricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services. Price is the result of a complex set of calculations, research and understanding and risk taking ability. 3" }, { "page_index": 54, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_004.png", "page_index": 54, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:49+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors NTERNAL EXTERNAL FACTORS FACTORS Demand Cost Competition Company objectives Suppliers Organisational factors Economic conditions Marketing mix Consumers Product differentiation Government 4" }, { "page_index": 55, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_005.png", "page_index": 55, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:47:55+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors INTERNAL FACTORS Cost Cost The amount spent on production, promotion and distribution. Company For a product to be profitab/e it objectives Organisational must attain a break even point. Its factors where a company recovers the money it has spend on a product Marketing mix and start attaining profits Product differentiation 5" }, { "page_index": 56, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_006.png", "page_index": 56, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:00+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors INTERNAL FACTORS Cost Company objectives Company Pricing decisions must be in line objectives with the overall predefined Organisational objectives. factors profit maximization Marketing mix wealth maximization market share maximization Product differentiation 6" }, { "page_index": 57, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_007.png", "page_index": 57, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:06+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors INTERNAL FACTORS Organisational factors Two levels: Cost > Overall price strategy by top Company executives: the ranges of the objectives product (market segments) Organisational > The actual mechanics of factors pricing are dealt with at lower Marketing mix Ievels in the firm and focus on Product individual product strategies. differentiation 7" }, { "page_index": 58, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_008.png", "page_index": 58, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:11+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors INTERNAL FACTORS Cost Marketing mix Company Price is the important element of objectives marketing mix. Organisational The promotional activity also factors determines the price. Marketing mix Product differentiation 8" }, { "page_index": 59, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_009.png", "page_index": 59, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors INTERNAL FACTORS Cost Product differentiation Company Characteristics of the product objectives (shape, color, size, packaging) Organisational attract the attention of the factors customers. Marketing mix Customers are willing to pay Product more if they like and value the differentiation characteristics of the product 9" }, { "page_index": 60, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_010.png", "page_index": 60, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:20+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors EXTERNAL FACTORS Demand The market demand for a Demand product or service obviously has a big impact on pricing Competition Demand is affected by number Suppliers and size of competitors, the prospective buyers, their Economic conditions capacity and willingness to pay Consumers their preference etc. Government 10" }, { "page_index": 61, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_011.png", "page_index": 61, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:27+07:00" }, "raw_text": "affecting pricing Factors Demand Elasticity of Demand Price vs N1nn+iti7 Price(dollars per bottle 2.50 Inelastic Demand Elastic Demand Increase 2.00 P D P in demand D 25 1.50 20 20 18 1.00 Decrease 0.50 in demand 1011 10 20 Q Q 1 1n 0 6 8 10 12 14 11 Quantity(millions of bottles per day)" }, { "page_index": 62, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_012.png", "page_index": 62, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:31+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors EXTERNAL FACTORS Competition Demand Consider competitors' costs, prices, and possible reactions. Competition High competition low prices Suppliers Low competition high prices Economic conditions Consumers Government 12" }, { "page_index": 63, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_013.png", "page_index": 63, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:36+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors EXTERNAL FACTORS Suppliers Demand The price of a finished product is intimately linked up with the Competition price of the raw materials from Suppliers the suppliers. Scarcity or abundance of the raw Economic conditions materials also determines Consumers pricing Government 13" }, { "page_index": 64, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_014.png", "page_index": 64, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:40+07:00" }, "raw_text": "affecting pricing Factors EXTERNAL FACTORS Economic conditions The inflationary or deflationary Demand tendency affects pricing. In recession (period, the prices Competition are reduced to a sizeable extent Suppliers to maintain the level of turnover. Economic In boom period, the prices are conditions increased to cover the increasing Consumers cost of production and distribution. Government 14" }, { "page_index": 65, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_015.png", "page_index": 65, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "affecting pricing Factors EXTERNAL FACTORS Economic conditions The inflationary or deflationary Demand tendency affects pricing. In recession (period, the prices Competition are reduced to a sizeable extent Suppliers to maintain the level of turnover. Economic In boom period, the prices are conditions increased to cover the increasing Consumers cost of production and distribution. Government 15" }, { "page_index": 66, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_016.png", "page_index": 66, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:51+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors EXTERNAL FACTORS Consumers Consumers may have an Demand influence in the pricing decision. Their nature and behaviour for Competition the purchase of a particular Suppliers product, brand or service etc. affect pricing when their number Economic conditions is large Consumers Government 16" }, { "page_index": 67, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_017.png", "page_index": 67, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:48:55+07:00" }, "raw_text": " affecting pricing Factors EXTERNAL FACTORS Government Demand Price discretion is also affected Competition by the price-control by the government through enactment Suppliers of legislation. Economic conditions Consumers Government 17" }, { "page_index": 68, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_018.png", "page_index": 68, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:00+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Determining price . Game theory model . Consists of: players, strategies, payoffs Prisoner B Prisoners' dilemma Confess Keep Quiet Prisoner Bgoes to Confess Both go tojail for jailfor 10 years V Jauos!Jd 5 years PrisonerA goes free Keep Prisoner A goes to Quiet jail for 10 years Both go to jail for PrisonerB 1 year goes free 18" }, { "page_index": 69, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_019.png", "page_index": 69, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:06+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Determining price . Game theory model . A player's best response is the strategy that maximizes the player's payoff, given the strategies of the other players A strategy is a dominant strategy for a firm if it is optimal, no matter what strategy is used by the other players The firms are in a Nash Eguilibrium if the strategy of each firm is the best response to the strategies of the other firms. Equivalently, in a Nash equilibrium, none of the firms have any incentive to unilaterally deviate from its strategy 19" }, { "page_index": 70, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_020.png", "page_index": 70, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:13+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Determining price . Game theory model . Companies A and B both produce phones Price Unit contribution Number in margin at that price segment High $800 2,000,000 Low $300 2,000.000 What price companies A and B will set for their phones? 20" }, { "page_index": 71, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_021.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_021.png", "page_index": 71, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:18+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Determining price . Game theory model . Companies A and B both produce phones B Chooses.. High Low 8 12 High 0 0 6 Low 12 6 21" }, { "page_index": 72, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_022.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_022.png", "page_index": 72, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:23+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Dynamic pricing Determining the right prices to charge a customer for a product or a service: complex task . Customers' information is increasingly recorded with the advances of the Internet and e-commerce technologies The cost of changing products' prices: menu cost . Is very large for companies with many products and services Reduced significantly in e-commerce 22" }, { "page_index": 73, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_023.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_023.png", "page_index": 73, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:28+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Dynamic pricing Definitions . Price dispersion . Price discrimination Price dispersion Spatial Temporal Price discrimination . First degree (perfect) differentiation: different prices for different 1 units sold and people Second degree price differentiation: different prices for different units sold Third degree price differentiation: different prices for different people 23" }, { "page_index": 74, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_024.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_024.png", "page_index": 74, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:32+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Dynamic pricing Price differentiation through product differentiation Dell computer Dynamic pricing methods . Posted price mechanism Price discovery mechanism Example of dynamic pricing: airline industry Consumer segmentation Business class: date and time are more important Economy class: fare is more important Available seats adjustment in specific periods 24" }, { "page_index": 75, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_025.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_025.png", "page_index": 75, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:36+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions . From Babylon to the Roman Empire to Buddhists Auction: seller offering item for sale Bids: price potential buyer willing to pay Bidders: potential buyers Private valuations: amounts bidders willing to pay Auctioneer: manages auction process shill bidders: bidder who seller or auctioneer employees 25" }, { "page_index": 76, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_026.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_026.png", "page_index": 76, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:40+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions English auctions Bidders publicly announce their successive higher bids until no higher bid is forthcoming The item sold to the highest bidder at that bidder's price Known as Ascending-price auction Open auction (open-outcry auction) Minimum bid The price at which an auction begins If not met: item removed (not sold) 26" }, { "page_index": 77, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_027.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_027.png", "page_index": 77, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:45+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions English auctions Reserve price Seller's minimum acceptable price Not announced If not exceeded: item withdrawn (not sold) Yankee auctions Multiple items are offered Highest bidder allotted bid quantity Remaining items allocated to next highest bidders until all items distributed Bidders pay lowest successful bidder price 27" }, { "page_index": 78, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_028.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_028.png", "page_index": 78, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:48+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions English auctions English auction seller drawback May not obtain maximum possible price English auction buyer drawback Winner's Curse Psychological phenomenon Caught up in competitive bidding excitement Bidders risk bidding more than their private valuations 28" }, { "page_index": 79, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_029.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_029.png", "page_index": 79, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:53+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions Dutch auctions Open auction Bidding starts at a high price Drops until bidder accepts price Also called descending-price auctions Seller offers number of similar items for sale Common implementation Use a clock (price drops with each tick) If items remain: clock restarted 29" }, { "page_index": 80, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_030.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_030.png", "page_index": 80, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:49:57+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions Dutch auctions Advantages Seller obtains close to highest private valuation Quickly move large numbers of commodity items Disadvantages . Sales or product interest generated: does not justify cost of operation Customer confusion Successful examples Google initial public offering stock sale (2004) 30" }, { "page_index": 81, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_031.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_031.png", "page_index": 81, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:01+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions Sealed-bid auctions Bidders submit bids independently Prohibited from sharing information . First-price sealed-bid auction Highest bidder wins If multiple items auctioned: next highest bidders awarded remaining items at their bid price Second-price sealed-bid auction (Vickrey auctions) Highest bidder awarded item at second-highest bidder price William Vickrey: 1996 Nobel Prize in Economics 31" }, { "page_index": 82, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_032.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_032.png", "page_index": 82, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:06+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions Double Auctions . Sealed bid or open outcry Good for: items of known quality traded in large quantities . No item inspection before bidding Auctioneer Matches sellers' offers starting with lowest price and then goes up To buyers' offers starting with highest price and then goes down until all quantities offered are sold Example: New York Stock Exchange 32" }, { "page_index": 83, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_033.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_033.png", "page_index": 83, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:10+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions Reverse (Seller Bid) Auctions . Multiple sellers submit price bids . Auctioneer represents single buyer Bids for given amount of specific item to purchase Prices go down as bidding continues . Until no seller is willing to bid lower Used by consumers Largest dollar volume Businesses: both buyers and sellers Buyer acts as auctioneer Screens sellers before participation 33" }, { "page_index": 84, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_034.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_034.png", "page_index": 84, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:20+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Auctions Auction type Key characteristics English auction Starting from a low price, bidding increases until no bidder is willing to bid higher. Dutch auction Starting from a high price, bidding automatically decreases until the bidder accepts the price. First-price sealed-bid auction Secret bidding process;the highest bidder pays the amount of the highest bid. Second-price sealed-bid auction Secret bidding process;the highest bidder pays (Vickrey auction) the amount of the second-highest bid. Double auction (open-outcry) Buyers and sellers declare combined price- quantity bids. The auctioneer matches seller offers (lowest to highest) with buyer offers (highest to lowest).Buyers and sellers can modify bids based on knowledge gained from other bids. Double auction (sealed-bid) Buyers and sellers declare combined price- quantity bids. The auctioneer (specialist) matches seller offers (lowest to highest) with buyer offers (highest to lowest). Buyers and sellers cannot modify their bids. Reverse auction(seller-bid) Multiple sellers submit price bids to an auctioneer that represents a single buyer. The bids are for a given amount of a specific item that the buyer wants to purchase. Prices go down as the bidding continues until no seller is willing to bid lower. 34 FIGURE 6-1 Key characteristics of seven major auction types" }, { "page_index": 85, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_035.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_035.png", "page_index": 85, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:23+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Revenue models : Web catalog Digital content Advertising-supported Advertising-subscription mixed Fee-for-transaction Fee-for-service These models are not exclusive and can combine together Work for both B2B and B2C categories 35" }, { "page_index": 86, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_036.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_036.png", "page_index": 86, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:28+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Revenue models . Web catalog . Adapted from traditional catalog-based model Seller established brand image . Sold through printed information mailed to prospective buyers Web sites expand traditional model . Replace or supplement print catalogs Offer flexibility Order through Web site or telephone Payment though Web site, telephone, or mail Creates additional sales outlet Suitable for: computers and consumer electronics, books, music videos, luxury goods, clothing retailers, etc. 36" }, { "page_index": 87, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_037.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_037.png", "page_index": 87, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:32+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Revenue models Digital content Sell subscriptions for access to the information Most of these digital content providers specialize in legal, academic research, business, or technical material Advertising-Supported Free content with advertising messages Stickiness Keeping visitors at site and attracting repeat visitors Exposed to more advertising in sticky site Large visitors vs. targeted visitors (demographic information) Web portal: Yahoo! 37" }, { "page_index": 88, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_038.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_038.png", "page_index": 88, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Revenue models Advertising-subscription mixed . Used for many years by traditional print newspapers and magazines: subscribers pay a fee, but also accept some level of advertising Subscribers: typically less advertising Suitable for: newspapers and magazines sites . Variations: different levels of accesses Fee-for-transaction Service fee based on transaction number or size Removal of an intermediary: disintermediation New intermediary: reintermediation Used in: travel, automobile sales, event tickets, online banking music, video, books, etc. 38" }, { "page_index": 89, "chapter_num": 3, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_039.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_3/slide_039.png", "page_index": 89, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:41+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Revenue models Fee-for-service . Fee based on service value Used in: online games, professional services Revenue Strategy Issues Channel conflict and cannibalization Company Web site sales activities interfere with existing sales outlets Strategic alliances Two or more companies join forces undertake activity over long time period 39" }, { "page_index": 90, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_001.png", "page_index": 90, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:45+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Chapter 4: Online Marketing Electronic Commerce" }, { "page_index": 91, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_002.png", "page_index": 91, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:49+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Outline Marketing basics Advertising on the web Search engine positioning and domain name 2" }, { "page_index": 92, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_003.png", "page_index": 92, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:50:57+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Marketing basics Marketing mix: Element combination to achieve goals Selling and promoting products and services . Four Ps of marketing Product Price Quality Value to customer Design Price of competing products Features Customer price sensitivity Branding Discounts Packaging Differential pricing Customer perception Marketing Strategy Promotion Place Advertising Deliven Distribution channels Public relations Market coverage Personal selling Logistics Online communications Inventory management 3 The four Ps of marketing contribute to marketing strategy FIGURE4-1" }, { "page_index": 93, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_004.png", "page_index": 93, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:01+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Marketing basics Marketing strategies . Product-based Customer-based Communicating with Different Market Segments Physical world . Use building construction and floor space design Online firm No physical presence Customer contact through media and Web site Communications media selection is critical Online firm challenge Customer trust with no physical presence 4" }, { "page_index": 94, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_005.png", "page_index": 94, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:07+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Marketing basics Trust and communication media Low Product or Service Complexity High Mass media The Web Personalcontact Low Trust High FIGURE4-2 Trust in three communication modes 5" }, { "page_index": 95, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_006.png", "page_index": 95, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:12+07:00" }, "raw_text": " Market segmentation: divides the pool of potential customers into groups or segments : Identify specific portions of their markets and target them with specific advertising messages Geographic segmentation Demographic segmentation Behavioral segmentation Psychographic segmentatio 6" }, { "page_index": 96, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_007.png", "page_index": 96, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:21+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Internet users segmentation Web Site Characteristics That Category Online Objective Attract These Visitors Simplifiers Convenience Tools or facilities that make doing business easier, faster, or more efficient Surfers Find information,new ideas Content that is entertaining, attractive, well displayed,and constantly updated Bargainers Find a good deal Auctions, discounts, coupons, and sales Connectors Stay in touch with others Chat rooms, discussion boards, social networking features, online greeting cards, e-mail services Routiners Information in one place News,financial information,a familiar and stable user interface Sportsters Information in one place Sports, entertainment, a familiar and stable user interface Source: Forsyth, J., T. McGuire, J. Lavoie. 2000. Al/ Visitors Are Not Created Equal. Boston: McKinsey & Co. 7 and MediaMetrix." }, { "page_index": 97, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_008.png", "page_index": 97, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:28+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Type of Television Program Type of Advertising Children's cartoons Children's toys and games Daytime dramas Household and laundry goods, pet foods Snack foods and nonprescription sleep aids Late-night talk shows Golf tournaments Golf eguipment, investment services, and life insurance Baseball and football games Snack foods, beer, autos Documentary films Books,CDs,educational DVDs FIGURE 4-3 Television advertising messages tailored to program audience 3" }, { "page_index": 98, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_009.png", "page_index": 98, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:32+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Advertising the web on Five-stage customer loyalty model Awareness Exploration Familiarity Commitment Separation Time FIGURE 4-6 Five stages of customer loyalty 9" }, { "page_index": 99, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_010.png", "page_index": 99, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Advertising the web on : Advertising: communication Five-stage customer loyalty model Awareness stage . Advertising message should inform Exploration stage Message should explain how product, service works Encourage switching brands Familiarity stage Message should be persuasive Commitment stage Reminder messages Separation stage Not targeted 10" }, { "page_index": 100, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_011.png", "page_index": 100, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:45+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Customer Acguisition: The Eunnel Model Conversion of Search for and Evaluate shoppers into gather information alternatives loyal supporters Needs about alternative andmake of product,service identification products or services selections Purchase and brand 500.000ads 10,000ad 900 Web site 500 Web site 80 purchasers are shown on viewersbecome visitors become shoppers become loyal, Web pages Web site visitors shoppers complete repeat customers their purchases 11" }, { "page_index": 101, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_012.png", "page_index": 101, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:51+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Advertising Display the web: on Ads Banner ad . Small rectangular object on Web page Displays stationary or moving graphic Includes hyperlink to advertiser's Web site . Versatile Leaderboard ad: designed to span Web page top or bottom Skyscraper ad: designed to be placed on Web page side => Remains visible as user scrolls through page Banner ad placement Use a banner exchange network Pay sites to carry ad Use a banner advertising network 12" }, { "page_index": 102, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_013.png", "page_index": 102, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:51:58+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Advertising the web on Text ads . Short promotional message Usually placed along Web page top or right side Simple but very effective Pop-up ad Appears in its own window Extremely annoying Ad-blocking software: Prevents banner ads and pop-up ads from loading Rich media ads (active ads) Generate graphical activity that \"floats\" over the Web page itself 13" }, { "page_index": 103, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_014.png", "page_index": 103, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:04+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Advertising the web on . Online advertising cost . Cost per thousand (CPM): amount paid for every thousand people in the estimated audience \"M\" from Roman numeral for \"thousand\" Cost per click (CPC), in which the site monitors the number of visitors who click an ad and charges for each click. Measuring Web audiences (complicated) Web's interactivity Value of visitor to an advertiser 14" }, { "page_index": 104, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_015.png", "page_index": 104, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:08+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Advertising the web on Some popular metrics . Visit: occurs when visitor requests a page from Web site Trial visit: first time a particular visitor loads Web site page Repeat visits: subsequent page loads Ad view: occurs if page contains an ad Impression: each time banner ad Ioads Click (click-through): action whereby visitor clicks banner ad to open advertiser's page 15" }, { "page_index": 105, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_016.png", "page_index": 105, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:19+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Advertising the web on Cost per Medium Description Total cost Audience size thousand (CPM) Network television 30-second commercial $80,000-$600,000 10 million-20 million $5-$30 Local television 30-second commercial $1000-$50,000 50,000-2 million $3-$25 station Cable television 30-second commercial $3000-$10,000 100,000-500,000 $8-$20 Radio 60-second commercial $200-$1000 50,000-2 million $1-$18 Major metro Full-page ad $20,000-$80,000 100,000-600,000 $80-$130 newspaper Regional edition of Full-page ad $5000-$50,000 50,000-900,000 $40-$80 a national magazine Local magazine Full-page ad $2000-$10,000 3000-80,000 $100-$140 Direct mail coupon Mailed in letter-sized $100-$3000 10,000-200,000 $15-$20 pack envelope Billboard Highway billboard $5000-$25,000 100,000-3 million $2-$5 World Wide Web Banner ad $100-$2,000 10,000-50 million $1-$50 World Wide Web Rich media ad $200-$1 million 10,000-50 million $18-$50 World Wide Web Text ad $100-$2,000 10,000-50 million $1-$200 World Wide Web Site sponsorship $300-$2 million 10,000-50 million $30-$75 Targeted e-mail Single mailing $50-$150,000 10,000-10 million $5-$15 16 FIGURE 4-9 CPM rates for advertising in various media" }, { "page_index": 106, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_017.png", "page_index": 106, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Search positioning engine and domain_name . Ways that potential customers find Web sites . Referred by friend Referred by affiliate marketing partner See site's URL in print advertisement, television Arrive unintentionally after mistyping similar URL Use a search engine or directory Web site 17" }, { "page_index": 107, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_018.png", "page_index": 107, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:28+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Search engine and domain_name Search engine . Web site that helps people find things on the Web Contains three major parts Spider (crawler, robot, bot): program automatically searches the Web to find potentially interesting Web pages for people Index (database): storage element of search engine Search utility: takes terms, finds matching Web page entries in index 18" }, { "page_index": 108, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_019.png", "page_index": 108, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:33+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Search engine ano domain name Search engine ranking . Weighting of factors: factors to decide URLs that appear first on searches for a particular search term Search engine positioning (search engine optimization, search engine placement Results from the combined art and science of having a particular URL listed near the top of search engine . Paid placement (sponsorship, search term sponsorship) Option of purchasing top listing on results pages for a particular set of search terms 19" }, { "page_index": 109, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_020.png", "page_index": 109, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Search positioning engine and domain name . Website naming issues . Companies would like URLs for their Web sites to reflect name or reputation Troublesome domain names Purchase more suitable domain names Companies often buy more than one domain name In case user misspells URL: redirected to intended site Have different names or forms of names 20" }, { "page_index": 110, "chapter_num": 4, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_021.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_4/slide_021.png", "page_index": 110, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:43+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Search positioning engine and domain_name Buying, selling, and leasing domain names . Recently, higher prices have prevailed in the market for domain names Domain name Price Business.com $7.5 million Altavista.com $3.3 million Loans.com $3.0 million Wine.com $3.0 million Autos.com $2.2 million Express.com $2.0 million WallStreet.com $1.0 million FIGURE 4-16 Domain names that sold for more than $1 million 21" }, { "page_index": 111, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_001.png", "page_index": 111, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Chapter 5: Payment Electronic Electronic Commerce" }, { "page_index": 112, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_002.png", "page_index": 112, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:50+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Outline Basic information Payment cards Electronic cash Electronic wallet Criminal activities Payment gateway in Vietnam 2" }, { "page_index": 113, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_003.png", "page_index": 113, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:52:54+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Basic information . Online payment: important function of e-commerce : B2B payment transactions: using Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) (also called wire transfer), in which transactions between accounts from the same or different banks occur, or through cash office, e.g. Western Union B2C transactions: online payments cost less than traditional methods (e.g. by mail) and more convenient 3" }, { "page_index": 114, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_004.png", "page_index": 114, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:01+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Basic information . Four main ways to purchase items in B2C (online and tradition): cash check, credit card, and debit card Electronic transfer has a small percentage but is growing 2010 2020 Electronic Electronic transfers 6% transters 15% Cash25% Cash34% Debit cards16% Debit Checks Credit cards 19% cards Checks 24% Credit 17% 27% cards18% 4" }, { "page_index": 115, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_005.png", "page_index": 115, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:05+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Basic information . For online B2C payments . Worldwide: 90% by credit card . United States: 97% by credit card Scrip . Digital cash created by a company Cannot be exchanged for cash, but can be exchanged for goods/services Like a gift certificate: good at more than one store Payment methods' requirements Safe Convenient Widely accepted 5" }, { "page_index": 116, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_006.png", "page_index": 116, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:10+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment cards Payment card: plastic card consumers use to make purchases . Categories: credit card, debit card, and charge card, prepaid card, gift card Credit card (Visa, MasterCard) . Spending limit based on users' credit history User billing cycle: pay off entire credit card balance, or pay a minimum amount Unpaid balance is charged an interest Is accepted Worldwide Consumers using credit cards are protected by 30-day period in which they can dispute an online credit card purchase 6" }, { "page_index": 117, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_007.png", "page_index": 117, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment cards Debit card Removes sales amount from cardholder's bank account Transfers sales amount to seller's bank account Issued by cardholder's bank with credit card issuers' name Is accepted by merchants who recognize the brand name of the credit card issuer Charge card (American Express No spending limit Entire balance due at end of billing period No line of credit or interest charges 7" }, { "page_index": 118, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_008.png", "page_index": 118, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:21+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment cards - Advantages of payment cards : Advantage for merchants . Fraud protection (built-in security) . Charge paid through issuer of payment card . Advantage for U.S. consumers . According to the Consumer Credit Protection Act, liability of fraudulent card use: $50 . Card issuer frequently waives $50 charge if card stolen Good for merchants and consumers Worldwide acceptance Currency conversion handled by card issuer Consumers do not need any special software or hardware to use their cards 8" }, { "page_index": 119, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_009.png", "page_index": 119, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment cards . Disadvantages of payment cards . Disadvantage for merchants . Per-transaction fees, monthly processing fees: cost of doing business Goods and services prices are slightly higher: as opposed to environment free of payments cards . For payment, merchant must first set up merchant account Disadvantage for consumers . Annual fee 9" }, { "page_index": 120, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_010.png", "page_index": 120, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:30+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment cards Payment acceptance and processing . Standard for handling card payment EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa Must ship merchandise within 30 days of charging payment . Violation penalties are significant . Most merchants do not charge payment card accounts until merchandise shipped General steps in payment card transactions Merchant receives payment card information Merchant authenticates payment Merchant ensures funds are available and puts hold on credit line or funds to cover charge Settlement occurs (few days after purchase) 10" }, { "page_index": 121, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_011.png", "page_index": 121, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:34+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment cards . Closed loop system: card issuer pays the merchants that accept the card directly (American Express, Discover Card) Issues card Cardholder Card-issuing bank Sends bill Pays bill Sells pays merchant Sends information about sale Merchant 11" }, { "page_index": 122, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_012.png", "page_index": 122, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:40+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment cards Open loop system: use intermediary banks (Visa, MasterCard) Issues card Card-issuing Cardholder Authorizes issuance bank of cards Sends bill Credit card association of Pays bill amount Interchange network Sells Deducts f Sends information about sale Acquiring fees, Merchant bank Approves the transaction Deducts fees,pays 12 balance to merchant" }, { "page_index": 123, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_013.png", "page_index": 123, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:44+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash . Electronic cash: value storage and exchange system created by a private entity that can serve as a substitute for government-issued physical currency . Difference from scrip: electronic cash can be exchanged to physical cash Each electronic cash issuer has its own standards and electronic cash is not universally accepted 13" }, { "page_index": 124, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_014.png", "page_index": 124, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:47+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash . When to use electronic cash . Market for Internet small purchases (below $10) Solution to paying for online purchases when credit card is not available - Advantages of electronic cash . Independent Unrelated to any network or storage device ldeally pass transparently across international borders; converted automatically to recipient country's currency Portable Freely transferable between any two parties 14" }, { "page_index": 125, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_015.png", "page_index": 125, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:52+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash . Privacy and security of electronic cash . Possible to spend only once, not counterfeit, used in two different transactions Anonymous use, prevents sellers from collecting information Prevent double spending: using an online central trusted third party . Achieve anonymity: using blind signature . Holding electronic cash Online: consumer has no personal possession of electronic cash, trusted third party (online bank) involved in all transfers, holds consumers' cash accounts 15" }, { "page_index": 126, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_016.png", "page_index": 126, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:53:54+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash - Blind Signature Owner Authority 1DM 16" }, { "page_index": 127, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_017.png", "page_index": 127, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:00+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash . Holding electronic cash Offline: equivalent of money kept in wallet, customer holds it, no third party involved in transaction . To protect against fraud: hardware or software safeguards needed E-cash E-cash Merchant1 adds iniormation E-cash Lock with Lock with consumer consumer information information Bank Consumer E-cash E-cash nformation Lock with consumer Morchant2 information adds information Lock with Lock with consumer consumer information information 17" }, { "page_index": 128, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_018.png", "page_index": 128, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:05+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash Disadvantages of electronic cash . No audit trail (for real electronic cash Money laundering . Technique criminals use to convert money illegally obtained into spendable cash Purchase goods, services with ill-gotten electronic cash Goods sold for physical cash on open market Electronic cash has not yet become a global commercial success, hence not widely accepted as a standard payment method 18" }, { "page_index": 129, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_019.png", "page_index": 129, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:10+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash - Bitcoin . Example 1 Alice has one coin Alice want to send that coin to Bob SignAlice's private key (Bob's public key) . Bob want to send his new coin to Charlie .SignBob's private key (Charlie's public key) . The problems with above protocol? . Solution: chain all transactions together (blockchain) . Sign(Previous transaction + public key of the next receiver) . If transaction N-1 is valid, it can be used to check if transaction N is valid (no need to check from the beginning) 19" }, { "page_index": 130, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_020.png", "page_index": 130, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:16+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash - Bitcoin Transaction Transaction Transaction Owner 1's Owner 2's Owner 3's Public Key Public Key Public Key Hash Hash Hash Verr Owner 0's Owner 1's Owner 2's Signature Signature Signature Sign\" Owner 1's Owner 2's Owner 3's Private Key Private Key Private Key 20" }, { "page_index": 131, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_021.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_021.png", "page_index": 131, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic cash - Bitcoin HOW BLOCKCHAIN WORKS 3 A block representing the The block is sent to every A transaction is reguested transaction is created. node in the network 5 $ $ S The block is added to the existing Nodes validate the transaction ano receivea reward for proof of work. blockchain and the transaction is complete The Motley Fool 21" }, { "page_index": 132, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_022.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_022.png", "page_index": 132, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:35+07:00" }, "raw_text": "HOW THE BLOCKCHAIN WORKS The bitcoin illustration This is where the Iransactions are The blockchain, miners come into recorded inblocks. shared in real-time on play. The ledger is a the miners Miners are techy chainof blocks computers,stores the blockchain Blockchain is the record of all enthusiasts, realisation ofa confirmed bitcoin locatedall public ledger. transactions. 38v8mSEYstW around the world. etqTFn5Au4m4 GFg7xJonV02 Anna buys a Her online book The retailer sends book online. retailer accepts Anna its bitcoin bitcoin address and Anna (a chain of 26 to As a new block is A block contains the To store a already holds a 35 characters). created every 10 hashes ofthe transaction in the bitcoin wallet. minutes,modifying previous and current blockchain,miners a recorded block blocks,and a'nonce computers create wouldrequire arandomnumber cryptographic modifying all the All blocks are linked hashes(strings of following blocks to one another.it can lettersand which isnearly be viewed as a wax numbers). impossible. seal. Anyone can Anna sends her To ensure privacy, verify the payment to the addressesare address of her retailer. transaction, usuallydifferent for She signs the with the public each transaction. transaction with the key. private key of her own An address is address, linked to a private A hash must look a The successful created for this given key and a public certain way(starting mineris rewarded transaction,and adds with a numberof in bitcoins. key. zeros). Anna's transaction is her ownpublic key to the transaction. Minersmust now complete and aenerate manv verified!" }, { "page_index": 133, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_023.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_023.png", "page_index": 133, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:39+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic wallet Customers: tire of repeatedly entering detailed shipping and payment information each time they make online purchases An electronic wallet: similar to a physical wallet, holds credit card numbers, electronic cash, owner identification, and owner contact information and provides that information at an electronic commerce site's checkout counter . Electronic wallet benefit: customers entering their information just once 23" }, { "page_index": 134, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_024.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_024.png", "page_index": 134, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:44+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic wallet . Electronic wallet implementation: server-side and client-side wallet Server-side electronic wallet : Stores customer's information on remote server of merchant or wallet publisher No download time or installation on user's computer Main weakness . Security breach can reveal thousands of users' personal information (credit card numbers Servers must employ strong security measures to minimize possibility of unauthorized disclosure 24" }, { "page_index": 135, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_025.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_025.png", "page_index": 135, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:47+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic wallet . Client-side electronic wallet . Stores information on consumer's computer Advantage . Sensitive information stored on user's computer Attackers must launch many attacks on user computers (more difficult to identify) . Prevents easily identifiable wallet vendor's servers from attack Disadvantages Must download wallet software onto every computer Not portable 25" }, { "page_index": 136, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_026.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_026.png", "page_index": 136, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:53+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic wallet Characteristics of useful wallets . Wallet accessibility: populate data fields in any merchant's forms for any site consumer visits Electronic wallet manufacturer and merchants from many sites must coordinate efforts so that wallets can recognize consumer information going into each field of given merchant's forms Some popular wallet providers Microsoft Windows Live lD Momo Grab moca 26" }, { "page_index": 137, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_027.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_027.png", "page_index": 137, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:54:57+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Criminal activities . Phishing Basic structure: Attacker sends e-mail message to large number of recipients who may have accounts at targeted website E-mail message tells recipient account is compromised and the recipient must log on to account to correct problem E-mail message includes link that appears to be real website login page but actually points to attacker's website Recipient enters login name, password Attacker captures this information and uses to access recipient's account 27" }, { "page_index": 138, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_028.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_028.png", "page_index": 138, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:01+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Criminal activities . Phishing . Spear phishing: phishing attack that is carefully designed to target high-value victims and organizations . Requires considerable research Increases chance of e-mail being opened ldentity theft Criminal act where perpetrator gathers victim's personal information Uses information to obtain credit Perpetrator runs up account charges and disappears 28" }, { "page_index": 139, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_029.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_029.png", "page_index": 139, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:05+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Criminal activities . Phishing attack countermeasures . Change protocol Improve e-mail recipients' ability to identify message source -> Reduce phishing attack threat Educate Web site users Contract with consulting firms specializing in anti-phishing work Monitor online chat rooms used by criminals 29" }, { "page_index": 140, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_030.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_030.png", "page_index": 140, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:08+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Examples . Scrip . Electronic cash . Payment card . Electronic wallet 30" }, { "page_index": 141, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_031.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_031.png", "page_index": 141, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:13+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment gateway in Vietnam Nganluong Baokim Momo . Onepay Payoo 123Pay . Smartlink : VNPAY Senpay . Zalopay Napas 31" }, { "page_index": 142, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_032.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_032.png", "page_index": 142, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:18+07:00" }, "raw_text": "How 1 2. Thanh toän bäng Tiki Xu Su dung 69.520 Xu (ú'ng vói 69.520) dé thanh toän Ban có Phiéu qua täng Tiki/Got It/Urbox mun di thanh Tiki Xu? Nhap tai day 3.Chon hinh thu'c thanh toän Thanh toän tién mät khi nhan hang Thanh toän bäng thé quöc té Visa, Master, JCB Thé ATM ni dia/Internet Banking(Mién phi thanh toän) Thanh toän bäng vi MoMo -Chi tiet ZaloPay Thanh toän bäng ZaloPay-Chi tiét Nhap ZALOPAY15 giam 15k cho don hang tr 30k.Chi ap dung tai TIKI APP uudai Théquöc téSCB giäm 100K cho don hang tu 800K-Thü 5 hang tuan-Chüy Chua den thoi gian tham gia chuong trinh hoac so lurong don hang uu dai da ht uu dai Thé SeABank giam 200.000d cho don hang tür 1.500.000d -Thü 5 hang tuan -Chüy Chua den thoi gian tharm gia chuong trinh hoac so luong don hang uu dai da het 32" }, { "page_index": 143, "chapter_num": 5, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_033.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_5/slide_033.png", "page_index": 143, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Payment API https://developers.momo.vn/#Z https://sandbox.vnpayment.vn/apis/docs/gioi-thieu/ https://developer.baokim.vn/payment/ 33" }, { "page_index": 144, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_001.png", "page_index": 144, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Chapter 5: Thinking Design Methodology Design thinking from plan to product Electronic Commerce" }, { "page_index": 145, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_002.png", "page_index": 145, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:27+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Outline . What is design thinking? . Hypothesis Testing 2" }, { "page_index": 146, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_003.png", "page_index": 146, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:31+07:00" }, "raw_text": "What is design thinking? 'Design thinking\" is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success. Tim Brown, President and CEO, IDEO 3" }, { "page_index": 147, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_004.png", "page_index": 147, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:35+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Desirability Goal (humans) Feasibility Viability (tech) (business) INTERACTIONDESIGN INTERACTION-DESIGN.ORG FOUNDATION 4" }, { "page_index": 148, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_005.png", "page_index": 148, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:39+07:00" }, "raw_text": "What is design thinking? A method of focusing innovation on people and designing based on: . What people need and want What peope like or dislike . In regards to production, packaging, marketing, retailing, support, or all of them : A skill that allows a designer to align what people want with what can be done, and produce a viable business strategy that creates customer value and market opportunity 5" }, { "page_index": 149, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_006.png", "page_index": 149, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:44+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Spaces of design thinking Exploration of the Exploration of the problemspace solution space converge converge diverge diverge 0 ? Iterative alignment of both spaces Observing & Synthesizing Ideating &Prototyping Problem and solution space in Design Thinking adopted to the Stanford Design Thinking mode 6" }, { "page_index": 150, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_007.png", "page_index": 150, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:48+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Observing Choose a problem space and target user . Study current market Current users: likes & dislikes Current techniques History Cost structure . Understand how things are Investigating user needs: Qualitative research techniques: interviews, contextual inquiry, etc. Quantitative research technigues: survey, instrumentation, issues tracking, etc. Investigating existing solutions, competitors, etc 7" }, { "page_index": 151, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_008.png", "page_index": 151, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:53+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Where do entrepreneurs get the inspiration for their ideas? 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 57 Experience in industry Discussionswith family/friends 45 Thinking about a problem 30 Knowledge of a technology 28 Developedfromanotheridea 24 Discussions with suppliers/distributors 13 Discussions with investors/lenders 8" }, { "page_index": 152, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_009.png", "page_index": 152, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:55:57+07:00" }, "raw_text": "ldeating Discovery process . Starting point: changes in the external environment, such as changes in the regulatory framework, changes in the societal trends or the creation of new technologies Creation process Emphasis on the actions entrepreneurs take to create new products for new markets Market creation: High degree of uncertainty, ambiguity , and unpredictability Difficult for one company to create alone 9" }, { "page_index": 153, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_010.png", "page_index": 153, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:01+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Implementation Design experiments . Test Iterate Desirability Goal (humans) Feasibility Viability (tech) (business) INTERACTION DESIGN INTERACTION-DESIGN.ORG FOUNDATION 10" }, { "page_index": 154, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_011.png", "page_index": 154, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:04+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Hypothesis Testing for Value Creation 11" }, { "page_index": 155, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_012.png", "page_index": 155, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:08+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Steps Hypothesis statement Test method Test metric & criteria Example: ScotchFinder startup (1) We believe that people will be happy to share their scotch with others (2) We will test this by interviewing 100 people outside of a liquor store (3) We are right if more than 70% say that they like this idea 122" }, { "page_index": 156, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_013.png", "page_index": 156, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:13+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Revision Hypothesis statement: We believe that people will be happy to share their scotch with others Who are the people? Goal: identify our first market segment (a specific group with a specific problem) Does not need to represent the entire population Test method: We will test this by interviewing 100 people outside of a liquor store What kind of liquor store? The locations . Test metric & criteria: We are right if more than 70% say that they like this idea Actual goal: to learn about the problems that our target group is encountering 133" }, { "page_index": 157, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_014.png", "page_index": 157, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:16+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Test Card Name of test Hypothesis What assumption will you focus on? Test How will you test your hypothesis? Metric How will you measure the results? Criteria How will you know if your hypothesis is correct? 144" }, { "page_index": 158, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_015.png", "page_index": 158, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:20+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Minimum Viable Product - MVP \"A minimum viable product is that version of a new product which allows a team to collect the maximum amount of validated learning about customers with the least effort.\" (Eric Ries) Then, we put them in front of the people for whom we are trying to create value . Their responses will tell us if we are on the right track FAST and CHEAP way to REDUCE our RlSK 15 15" }, { "page_index": 159, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_016.png", "page_index": 159, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Scientific Method COMPARE COMPUTE COMPUTATIONS GUESS CONSEOUENCES WITH EXPERIMENTS Name of learning card Hypothesis What assumption did you have? Observation: What did you observe? Learning What did you learn? Actions: What are your next steps? 16 16" }, { "page_index": 160, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_017.png", "page_index": 160, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:28+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Lean startup program Business model canvas Business model canvas Customer development process Hypothesis Agile development Build experimentation Start interviewing into product Analyze results using metrics driven by the business plan and learn 17 17." }, { "page_index": 161, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_018.png", "page_index": 161, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:32+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Picking winning ideas Business viability Technical experience feasibility desirability 188" }, { "page_index": 162, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_019.png", "page_index": 162, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:35+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Agile Manifesto Agile is a set of values and principles that guide how you should conduct innovation (from 2001) Bring four values : Individuals and interactions . Customer collaboration . Responding to change .Working versions of products 19 19" }, { "page_index": 163, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_020.png", "page_index": 163, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:39+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Principles of Agile Manifesto - Principle 1: Build - Measure - Learn cycle of design sprint Principle 2: Measure of improvement Principle 3: Autonomous team . Teamwork spirit Creativity, innovation, and improvement Decision making: Should be empowered to make decision 20 20" }, { "page_index": 164, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_021.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_021.png", "page_index": 164, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:43+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Ideas LEARN BUILD Build Measure Learn Loop Data Product MEASURE 21 21" }, { "page_index": 165, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_022.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_022.png", "page_index": 165, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Prototyping 22" }, { "page_index": 166, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_023.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_023.png", "page_index": 166, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:49+07:00" }, "raw_text": "IDEAS LEARN BUILD success Prototype DATA CODE success MEASURE 23 23" }, { "page_index": 167, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_024.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_024.png", "page_index": 167, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:56:54+07:00" }, "raw_text": ". Brainstorming . Generating potential solutions Storyboarding Sketching Wireframe Prototype Mockup Information architecture and navigatior . User testing . Tools: Balsamig, Invision, Figma, Adobe, etc. - Building on feedback - Critique 24 24" }, { "page_index": 168, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_025.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_025.png", "page_index": 168, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:03+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Storyboard Storyboard for Storyboarding OOC Data 100 Here PIE Week1-imtroducSo Weeit2-Storybar Te Weei3-Outoomes and Weck4-Activtie Assesamer Outee 1Deindianss 2Ev@f ts 4.Ogn s cv namens tee the9e17hec9 ny wportPelea ghielde 3 4 9 10 11 12 Activity1 e Cvaiao lhevb Pur 1Clanify h m cpara e cf at innet one sas pe vtperwee Activity2 Puceidenty ndeairab Purpese Evaluate the sutah PurpeseEvaiuate ynus Pue 2Dep sp. erFeeoelaeyor loryear ro.c Co m ming fur a eaul ane ewy Activity3 PObuy PCve 39 Email on phonc nYe HY dsirplus plane 25 25" }, { "page_index": 169, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_026.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_026.png", "page_index": 169, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:07+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Storyboard . What do you need? Paper, Pens, A bit of glue, Some post-its, Print-outs of Ul-elements (+ scissors) Online Tools: https://wonderunit.com/storyboarder/ https://www.canva.com/create/storyboards/ Google sheets, draw.io Video makers A process of time and interaction Prerequisites: personas, scenarios, the scope . Elements: images, transitions, effects, voiceover, soundtrack 26 26" }, { "page_index": 170, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_027.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_027.png", "page_index": 170, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:12+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Sketching W Sketching User Interfaces, User Flo . When you sketch, you are trying to will work in user interface form. Express your ideas quickly and invc experience Can sketch on a whiteboard or blar JohwRy Y:ZOA Detail is not important, your trying to establish flow t1DuD C 27" }, { "page_index": 171, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_028.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_028.png", "page_index": 171, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:20+07:00" }, "raw_text": "APB Home ess Homopage whetn Arhces Internems cassstusies Vides lopowees tvents arauat L060 Pisnnung NAU. MwM CORETHOUSHT: SHARING JIN UNKS? sporrmyidess NowgablerPiomored:Flash tnon-Mash ORC &rotarny unks to fevooh Twiticr KUKSM presend Search FEATMME HEADLNE METEORTA/COMMENIS Caerdar oocde Posibh12 MOST POPULAQOECOTCHNENTS uad-imsto3-5 other po8t5 getumuey PRoto suygest FRSTIO ctwrowte Bn otice sn outiale APEEVOIT Omsiloddiea thbscte mbout teAp6 L060 linky3S Gutnl conentPodler wnbo3.5 BITUYSS UT socidl peene Termal Condarons sitemop Credit Csonl Mordaton 28 tepw Contat hooler 28" }, { "page_index": 172, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_029.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_029.png", "page_index": 172, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Steps . Define what you need to draw . Define what keyframes and transitions you should include in your drawing . Define the starting point. Decide what comes next. Sketch Wireframe Sketch alternative routes, entries Logo - BLUE RED ROUND . Think about alternative flows. 000 IF6F6F6 88 . Add annotations, notes, details. Visual Design Components toptal 29" }, { "page_index": 173, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_030.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_030.png", "page_index": 173, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:33+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Wireframe A wireframe is a schematic or blueprint that is useful for helping you, your programmers The New Thing Qc> x Q https//thenewthing.com and designers think and communicate about Product Name the structure of the software or website Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempoi you're building. incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis . Wireframes are used early in the aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat 000 development process to establish the basic nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa structure of a page before visual design and OverviewFeaturesDesignSpecs Overview content is added. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipisicing elit,sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consecuat.Duis aute irure dolor in . Some tools as Sketch, Adobe XD, Axure, Visio reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillurn dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. balsamiq, figma, moqups, draw.io 30 30" }, { "page_index": 174, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_031.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_031.png", "page_index": 174, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "File Edit Yiew Help A paragraph of text with an unassigned link Open CTRL+0 Item One A second row of text with a Open Recent Item Two wak link l ABC 09:52AM Option One Item Three A Simple Label Option Two @ Add and sub-menu > accesat MesaSaalce XCOCME CocSD V Toggle Item Delete Disabled Item Cancel) SiteLoto.thomelink CTAI Two Labels,and a comma yup v A Checkmark A Bullet tome Book.Now Ellms Cinemas offers FunStuft Space for an icon D Space for a big icon Book Now On button Use f for closed folders Off button Roling Promo Use F for open folders 8 00 Seleal Cren + You may also use this 9 01 AM and this 10 02 PM v An empty row (above) or this 11 03 SeedtFan and this 04 or even this and this Set D Use-for a file icon Alert or _ to leave a space for you use spaces or dots for hierar Alert text goes here just like A](s](0][F][G](H](](r]( this No Yes Bocfo Promo1 Promo2 Promo3 Promo4 Promo 5 Button 12309 space (return One Three Four Find Cinema Film Reviews User Goal1 Now showing eietCrem Coning Soon or Film Title cert Lnter1ownce Description Reber rylocl cnemg software statistics teaching technology tips tool toolswread. tuterial tutorials tv 31" }, { "page_index": 175, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_032.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_032.png", "page_index": 175, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:53+07:00" }, "raw_text": "09:52AM 1214 Holywood st.v - 09:52AM Q Search all restaurants 0452AM ABC 09.52AM 41 41 41 I1 Pizza Burger Tacos Chin Recommended Popular X Domingo Pizza Pizza 4.5/5 ss 35min X Domingo Pizza Pizza 4.5/5 35min X Domingo Pizza 0 Pizza 4.5/5 35min 41 Home Food Orders Settings 32 32" }, { "page_index": 176, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_033.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_033.png", "page_index": 176, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:57:57+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Prototype & Mockup . Prototype: An interactive version of wireframe . Mockup: a beautiful version of wireframe success success 33 33" }, { "page_index": 177, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_034.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_034.png", "page_index": 177, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:02+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture & Navigation IA defines site content and functionality, while a website's navigation is a collection of user interface components and patterns that helps visitors find information and functionality. 8 principles 1. The principle of objects: Content should be treated as a living, breathing thing It has lifecycles, behaviors, and attributes. 2. The principle of choices: Less is more. Keep the number of choices to a minimum. 3. The principle of disclosure: Show a preview of information that will help users understand what kind of information is hidden if they dig deeper. 4. The principle of exemplars: Show examples of content when describing the content of the categories 34 34" }, { "page_index": 178, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_035.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_035.png", "page_index": 178, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:06+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture & Navigation 8 principles 5. The principle of front doors: Assume that at least 50% of users will use a different entry point than the home page 6. The principle of multiple classifications: Offer users several different classification schemes to browse the site's content. 7. The principle of focused navigation: Keep navigation simple and never mix different things. 8. The principle of growth: Assume that the content on the website will grow. Make sure the website is scalable. 35 35" }, { "page_index": 179, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_036.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_036.png", "page_index": 179, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:12+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture & Navigation The principle of front doors Francais Government Gouvernement Search Canada.ca of Canada du Canada O Jobs Immigration Travel Business Benefits Health Taxes More services Home -Immigration and citizenship My immigration or citizenship application The basics of applying,such as your account, application status, finding forms,our offices,fees,and medical exams or police checks 36" }, { "page_index": 180, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_037.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_037.png", "page_index": 180, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture & Navigation The principle of multiple classifications B ouyrs NEWARRIVALS WOMEN MEN KIDS HANDBAGS BRANDS UPTO70%OFF 37" }, { "page_index": 181, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_038.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_038.png", "page_index": 181, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture & Navigation The principle of focused navigation Francais Government Gouvernement Search Canada.ca Q of Canada du Canada Jobs Immigration y Travel Business Benefits Health Taxes More services HomeJobs and the workplaceFind ajob Student employment Job opportunities and Government of Canada hiring programs for students Services and information Most requested Login to FSWEP account Work for the government as a student Find a studentresearchjob in the government .How to write a good resume Apply to be considered for full or part-time job Conduct innovative research in your field of Student rates of pay in the government opportunities across the country through the graduate or undergraduate study and gain Federal Student Work Experience Program experience with federal departments and agencies (FSWEP). through the Research Affiliate Program Contributors 38 Paid education in the Canadian Armed Forces Other government opportunities for students Employment and Social Development" }, { "page_index": 182, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_039.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_039.png", "page_index": 182, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:29+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture & Navigation . The principle of growth - passing example Canadian citizenship Apply to become a Canadian citizen.prepare for the citizenship test and find out how you can resume or grve up your Canadian citizenship Apply for citizenship Prepare for the citizenship Getproof of citizenship test Eligibility requirementsapplication steps and Applications and processing times for a processing times for Canadian citizenship Study material and details about who has to take citizenship certificate and a list of documents this test.how to get a test date and what accepted as proof of Canadian citizenship happens after you take the test Resume citizenship Give up citizenship Celebrate being Canadian Steps to take if you are a former citizen who Steps to take to renounce your Canadian Citizenship ceremonies and actvities.Canadian willingly gave up Canadian citizenship and want to citizenship .for example.you want to become a history and contests and awards become a Canadian citizen again citizen of a country that does not allow dual citizenship Prepare for the citizenship ceremony How to prepare for your special day.what happens during the ceremony.including getting your citizenship certificate,and what to do after the ceremony 39" }, { "page_index": 183, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_040.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_040.png", "page_index": 183, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture & Navigation The principle of growth - failing example Francais Government Gouvernement Search Canadaca Q of Canada du Canada Jobs Immigration Travel Business Benefits Health Taxes More services HomeTravelDestinations France Register Travelinsurance Destinations Lastupdated:September16.20161050ET Stillvalid:September22.201611.40ET Latestupdates:An editorialchangewasmade Print format Risk level Safety and Entry/exit Laws and Natural disasters and (s) security requirements Health culture climate Assistance Risk level(s) France-Exercisea high degreeofcaution There is no nationwide advisory in effect for France.However.you should exercise a high degree of caution due to the current elevated threat of 40" }, { "page_index": 184, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_041.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_041.png", "page_index": 184, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:43+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Value of IA Value for the user 4 main types of needs Known-item seeking: Users will come to the website to search for something desirable and known. Exploratory seeking: Users will come to the website looking for inspiration. They're Iooking for something desirable but not sure what exactly. Exhaustive research: Users are in a process of an extensive research. They want to find as much information as possible. Re-finding: A user needs a desired items again and are trying to find it. 41 41" }, { "page_index": 185, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_042.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_042.png", "page_index": 185, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:47+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Value of lA Employee Productivity Sales And Reputation Acquiring New Members Reducing Marketing Costs Reputation And SEO Ranking Reducing The Cost Of Live Help And Support Documentation 42 42" }, { "page_index": 186, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_043.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_043.png", "page_index": 186, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:52+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information Architecture . Key processes Define the company goals Define the user's goals Analyze competitors Define content Steps Step 1: Group and label the content Step 2: Define navigation and create site map Step 3: User testing 43 43" }, { "page_index": 187, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_044.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_044.png", "page_index": 187, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:58:56+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Navigation - A website or mobile app's navigation is a collection of user interface components. . Help users find information and functionality, and encourage them to take desirable actions. Navigation components include global navigation, local navigation, utility navigation, breadcrumbs, filters, facets, related links, footers, fat footers, and so on. 44 44" }, { "page_index": 188, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_045.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_045.png", "page_index": 188, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:08+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Navigation Transiate Logn SBA.GOV USA HELP The U.S. Small Business Administratiot Starting & Managing Loans & Grants Contracting Learning Center Local Assistance About SBA Contracting Does Your J Getting Slarted Small Business Am I a Small Business Qualify For i Some examples of navigation SBAs Role in Government Contracti Contracts? TOOLS NAICSCodes Small Business Si Getting Started ndards components: D-U-N-SNumbe Register for Govermen coniraciing Government Contrae Am I a Small Business? Ready to Learn More classroor About Business? 1) utility navigation, ntheFed More. the avoran Find self-paced courses the SBA Lea ng Cente ETSTARIEL 2) global navigation, Recent Blogs About Contracting PersofBe 3) l breadcrumb trail, BAs8a Ptogral MOREP 4) local navigation, Related Articles 5) related links (in this case, articles and Languages: blog posts); SUBMIT USA 6) fat footer. (www.sba.gov) Customer Service About SBA.go SBA Information SBAPerformance Advocacy&Oversight Toois and Features ouSB Site Map nspecorGenera Contact98 Privacy Pollc CreateaB Contacto NoFear Act Hearings-ano Plan enespafiol) Accessi Appealt Find Even Media and Press Disclair Ombudsman Juaiy1o SBALocalions SocialMedia Data Store SBA Team 45 WhiteHouse.gov USA.gov Regulati BusinessUSA.got 45" }, { "page_index": 189, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_046.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_046.png", "page_index": 189, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:14+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Content organization I models Single page model: This model works best for landing pages. . Flat model: All the pages are equally important, and they are put at the same level of hierarchy in the navigation system. This model works best for small websites Home Page Page Page Hierarchical model Home Home Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 46 46" }, { "page_index": 190, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_047.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_047.png", "page_index": 190, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:18+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Sitemaps . Application maps/site maps . A document describes how the components you've designed are incorporated in the existing system. Demonstrates the information hierarchy architecture of the entire design, surfaces critical pathways through which the user can navigate Offers a comprehensive view of all the work that needs to be implemented. Interaction design . Designers may be expected to create documentation regarding how the user interface should be built and interaction between modules 47 47" }, { "page_index": 191, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_048.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_048.png", "page_index": 191, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:36+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Language Global0. Dropdown- External Verisign CUG link to local language Secure Home Epson Operational and English product site Certificate Screens Why .0 Specialty pop-up BuyEpson Genuine Ink Media 4 Home Shoppinga. Basket Categories! 2.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 Accessories 4. Log-in/a.1 Customel Search60 My printer Vouchers Products Ink Paper My account (options) Log-out Service Results Guestuser 7.1 Reorder Select8.0 Out of 6.1 9.2 Contact Us Redeem printer Register form stock'email voucher Order 7.2 History Delivery9.2 10.1.1 Sub-categories Compatiblé Thank you 3.2 withprinter address& Warranties 7.2.1 All-in-ones method Order details Digital Ordering 10.2 Cameras noterMalle Advanceg2 Change8.2 Dotvartnx Laser Toner4.1 my printer Enter invaice Information Inkjet Printen? Projectors 3.1 Ribbons Plain, 5.1 Digital cameras Specialty order settinas address Laser Printers Proiectors Scanners Large Fomat Laser.Large search Scariners ink.Bnoe Forma pape Edit Delivery 10.3 Point of sale Personal Review order pninters Information Details and delivery Change7.4 usemame/ Privacy& pw Select9.3 Browse listings delivery security Manage 7. address Warranty Brovse5.3 addresses 10.5 T&Cs Results Listings Enter9.4 payment Add new details .de address Legal 10.6 Product details 9.5 References Order Delete 7.6 Confirmation account Warranty Product5 details details Company Forgotten Telephone details password EMD terms 10.8 LEGEND & conditions Product Transaction Design browsing Add to shopping Localised variations Pages templates basket in functionality support Italy Conditional page display UK France Spain Germany 48 CUG and countries 48" }, { "page_index": 192, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_049.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_049.png", "page_index": 192, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:39+07:00" }, "raw_text": "User Testing . To help understand how people are using your designs From third parties : A quantitative measurement . Tell you what users are doing with your released software - For example: Google analytics, Microsoft's the Software Quality Metrics (SQM) A/B testing 49 49" }, { "page_index": 193, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_050.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_050.png", "page_index": 193, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:49+07:00" }, "raw_text": "ccdsign.com All Web Site Data Q Search reports and help Users Flow May 5,2017-May 11,2017 CUSTOMIZATION Level of Detail Export v i+ Reports 0 AllUsers +Add Segment 100.00% Sessions REAL-TIME : Starting pages Country 1st Interaction 0 2nd Interaction 0 3rd Interaction AUDIENCE 0 9sessions.7drop-offs 2sessions.1drop-offs 1 sessions.0 drop-offs 1sessions,0drop-offs Overview United States /ga html /msfl-eco-mgrhtm 1 A> 8 Active Users Lifetime Value BETA Cohort Analysis BETA User Explorer +Step Demographics interests Geo Behavior Technology Mobile A Custom Benchmarking not set 1 a ADMIN 50 This report was generated on 5/12/17at405.15PM-Refresh Report DU" }, { "page_index": 194, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_051.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_051.png", "page_index": 194, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:51+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Visual Elements 51" }, { "page_index": 195, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_052.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_052.png", "page_index": 195, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T14:59:56+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Fundamentals of Visual Design Sensation, Perception, Cognition . Sensation informs us about our context in the world. Perception is the process of interpreting our sensory input Cognition is the process that assists us in remembering, knowing, judging, and solving problems. Components of Gestalt in Design Similarity Proximity Common Regior Continuation Closure Figure and Ground Others: Focal point, Symmetry & order, Past experience or Habit, Parall 52 52" }, { "page_index": 196, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_053.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_053.png", "page_index": 196, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:02+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Similarity The principle of similarity states that when things appear to be similar to each other, we group them together. And we also tend to think they have the same function. . The squares here are all equally spaced and the same size, but we automatically group them by color, even though there's no rhyme or reason to their placement. GitHub Cgiare Featuros Picka usemar Where software is built Your emal Powerful collaboration,code review.and code management for open source and private projects.Public projects are aways free 2 53 53 Want to use GitHub on your servers?" }, { "page_index": 197, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_054.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_054.png", "page_index": 197, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:08+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Proximity The principle of proximity states that things that are close together appear to be more related than things that are spaced farther apart. Email James@stewart.connect - Walmart: All Save big in every department VICE WATICH SECTIDNS PHOTOS MAGAZINE TOPICS. LEC2 MORE NEWI Broadly TurboTax Medical Marijuana Users in The Women Who Love Ted How Donald Trump Won Canada Can Legally Grow Cruz Nevada's Cliven Bundy Vote Their Own Weed Now Jacksen lewit Theres ane piace Ted Cruz doeant tnish third.in If Ted Cruz carTwin Bunicervilewhere can he A Federai Court judge says for me-miniwto these adeshearts win? Aute&Ton omce Suppl StephenHarpes lawretricing atiente from greaing s unconstnutional CALL-DUTY STUFF NEWS MOTHERBOARD 54 54" }, { "page_index": 198, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_055.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_055.png", "page_index": 198, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:12+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Common region The principle of common region is highly related to proximity. It states that when objects are located within the same closed region, we perceive them as being grouped together. . A good Common Region example would be the card ul pattern; a well defined rectangular space with different bits of information presented as one. Banners and tables are good examples as well. 55 55" }, { "page_index": 199, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_056.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_056.png", "page_index": 199, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "X OParisa Houzz Yesterday at 5:30am 11 Things You Didn't Think You Could Fit Into a Small Bedroom http://bit.ly/21k8Nvl Maple 11 Things You Didn't Think You harwecawbodmwcbotAsin covers shcpirgwaridwide tnnusa Could Fit Into a Small Bedroom Clever designers have found ways to fit storage Pronstedhy murals and even chandeliers into these tight sleeping artatgoodo spaces WWW.HOUZZ.COM Groo Sana byPsarTaroo FutueAvchbecure Fonta Naan Spa7MiAOesign nrlurisoenews.oa.d inpir Studlo Like a Comment A Share 41 Pimere Meencanaleideadejatiedee Sdunit AreigWsine Spo.Paece qe l piartan luevan 00157 Casas TopComments H1AnMertnAs 18 8811 33 shares Ayeian Capaga Write a comment... Frankie Sez Really great ideas for the 'minimalist'in some of us... LikeReply2·Yesterday at 5:42am Country Mountain Homes Space for books is a must! Like-Reply-Yesterdayat10:07am View 2 more comments 56 56" }, { "page_index": 200, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_057.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_057.png", "page_index": 200, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "57 57" }, { "page_index": 201, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_058.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_058.png", "page_index": 201, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:32+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Continuation The law of continuity posits that the human eye will follow the smoothest path when viewing lines, regardless of how the lines were actually drawn. The eye tends to want to follow the straight line from one end of this figure to the other, and the curved line from the top to the bottom, even when the lines change color midway through. Amazon uses continuity to communicate that each of the products below is similar and related to each other. Customers Who Bought This ltem Also Bough Pg120 THE LEAN CROSSING STARTUP Innovator's THE CHASM D.lemm OLUTIO Crasng the Cham3rd The Lean Startup How The innevator's Diemma The innewator's Soluton How Wi Yau Measure Ednon: Marketirg and Today's Enepreneurs U The Revoiutianary Book Creating and Sustaining Your Lite? Selling Disruptive Products Continuous nnovation to That Will Charge the Wiay Successful Growth C.O Gecey A.Mo Ece ClaytenM.Chrietene CMCh 2 1062 209 Cndustra 15.06 518.30 58 512.35 $10.06 23" }, { "page_index": 202, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_059.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_059.png", "page_index": 202, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "closure The principle of closure states that when we look at a complex arrangement of visual elements, we tend to look for a single recognizable pattern. . When you look at the image above you most likely see a zebra even though the image is just a collection of black shapes. Your mind fills in the missing information to create a recognizable pattern based on your experience. - 59 59" }, { "page_index": 203, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_060.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_060.png", "page_index": 203, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:45+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Figure-ground The figure-ground principle states that people instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or the background. Basecamp 3 Lg Working with other people? Struggling to keep everyone on the same page? Sign up now for free below Just last week,10,772companies got started with Basecamp 3 DID WE GET THAT WAIT.WHOMADE DONE YET THATDECISION Sign up using Gocgle : WWENIS WHEREDOI THISDUE? YourName a I C Your Emai TATOF WHO SENTTHIS NDOE TOLOME THOT THISISEXHAUSTING! Find a Startup Job AngelList Post a Job Where theworidmeets startuos Raise Money Oniine Invest in Startups 60" }, { "page_index": 204, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_061.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_061.png", "page_index": 204, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:49+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Far Most Gone Trekking ajourney from becoming a beginner to the professional.Ajourney toward freedom of delf expression Putting adifferent ending Worid famous and oscar winning movie Shape of the water loved by everyone, but what if this movie haddifferent ending.Check out! You can focus on this message because of this law. Hidden chambers of love Beig loved is the best experience you 61 61" }, { "page_index": 205, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_062.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_062.png", "page_index": 205, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:55+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Focal point The focal point principle states that whatever stands out visually will capture and hold the viewer's attention first. @twilio PROOUCTS&PRICING USECASES API&DOCS- NOTA DEVELOPER? SIGNUP LOGIN BUILD APPS THAT COMMUNICATE WITHEVERYONEIN THEWORLD seeUse 62 62" }, { "page_index": 206, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_063.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_063.png", "page_index": 206, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:00:58+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Symmetry Symmetrical elements tend to perceived as belonging together regardless of their distance, giving us a feeling of solidity and order. It's good to use Symmetry for portfolios, galleries, product displays listings, navigation, banners, and any content-heavy page. 63" }, { "page_index": 207, "chapter_num": 6, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_064.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_6/slide_064.png", "page_index": 207, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:02+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Discussion: Design patterns . Media/content Instagr.am Pinterest huffingtonpost.com thedailybeast.com Branding/advertising Nike eCommerce Gilt Groupe Fab.com Platform Twitter bagcheck.com 64 64" }, { "page_index": 208, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_001.png", "page_index": 208, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:05+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Chapter 6: Mobile Commerce Electronic Commerce" }, { "page_index": 209, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_002.png", "page_index": 209, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:10+07:00" }, "raw_text": "FIGURE7.1 THE RAPIDLY CHANGING TRAJECTORY OF ONLINE AD SPENDING WORLDWIDE 80% Mobile 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Desktop/laptop 1 - 1 1 1 1 20% 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 By 2024,mobile marketing is expected to account for almost 80% of all digital ad spending SOURCEBased on data from eMarketer,Inc.2020a." }, { "page_index": 210, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_003.png", "page_index": 210, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": "FIGURE7.2 U.S.S0CIAL,M0BILE,ANDL0CAL MARKETING2017-2021 $120 Mobile $100 $80 Local(digital) $60 Social $40 $20 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Both mobile and social advertising spending in the United States are expected to double from 2017 to 2021. SOURCES:Based on data from eMarketer,lnc.,2020b,2020cBlA Advisory Services,2020,2019,2018authors'estimates" }, { "page_index": 211, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_004.png", "page_index": 211, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:18+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Objectives Overview of mobile commerce Classification Retail pricing in mobile commerce" }, { "page_index": 212, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_005.png", "page_index": 212, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:23+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Overview Commerce Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer. . It comprises the trading of economic value such as goods, services, information, or money between two or more entities. Ecommerce It consist of buying and selling goods and services over an electronic system such as the internet . . E-Commerce is the purchasing, selling and exchanging goods and services over computer networks (internet) through which transaction or terms of sale are performed Electronically 5" }, { "page_index": 213, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_006.png", "page_index": 213, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:27+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Overview . What is mobile commerce? . M-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld devices M-commerce is the process of paying for services using a mobile phone or personal organizer M-commerce is the use of mobile devices to communicate, inform transact and entertain using text and data via a connection to public and private networks Don't mistake m-commerce for the technologies underlying it! 6O" }, { "page_index": 214, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_007.png", "page_index": 214, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:30+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Overview . M-Commerce is the ability to conduct Commerce using a mobile device such as: 1. Mobile Phone 2. Personal Digital Assistant(PDA 3. Smart Phone 7" }, { "page_index": 215, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_008.png", "page_index": 215, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:34+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Overview M-commerce has all of the following characteristics: . Involve communication (one-way or two-way) between human(s)/object(s) and human(s)/object(s) At least one of the participants must be mobile The communication must be kept continuously when at least one party move from one location to another The communication signals must be carried by electromagnetic waves, without direct sensory perception of the signals . At least one seek to benefit economically from the communication in the short or long run 8" }, { "page_index": 216, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_009.png", "page_index": 216, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:40+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Overview . Comparison between m-commerce and e-commerce Factor E-commerce M-commerce Focus Product Service Information Static information Dynamiclocation- provided and data based data Device PC Mobile phone Userlocation Hard to find Readily available Screen size and Medium Small memory Role of network Small Large operator Access medium Wired (usually) Wireless" }, { "page_index": 217, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_010.png", "page_index": 217, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:44+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Overview . Advantages Offers many payment options and take advantages of mobile phones' benefits Push advertising, direct marketing More efficient and extensive service offered The Internet is going mobile Disadvantages Expensive cost Small screen Slow speed and low storage Limited message length Hard to fill data Security problems on mobile platform 10" }, { "page_index": 218, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_011.png", "page_index": 218, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:49+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Retail pricing Retail markets are divided into regions within which one seller is in a quasi-monopolistic position Conventional Retail Competition Total cost of purchasing fromRetailer B Total cost of purchasing from RetailerA Market >Market P share of A P share of B AO .. The indifferent consumer SOURCE:Hotelling1929 11" }, { "page_index": 219, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_012.png", "page_index": 219, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:54+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Retail pricing . Price discrimination and mobile prices . Profits are maximized when marketers are able to implement some form of first-degree price discrimination When prices are public, first-degree price discrimination is difficult to implement Mobile prices: can be communicated to specific consumers with great precision In particular, a mobile consumer may be offered a unigue price that is communicated through his or her mobile device Because consumers' Iocations and time are available, other kinds of price discrimination are also applicable 12" }, { "page_index": 220, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_013.png", "page_index": 220, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:01:58+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Classification M-commerce use in specific industries include the following: . Financial services. Mobile banking and brokerage transactions are done from mobile devices. . Telecommunications. Handheld devices are used to make service changes and bill payments, and to do account reviews. . Service and retail. Consumers place and pay for orders on-the-fly through online stores. . Information services. Financial, sports, traffic, weather and many other news updates are accessed through mobile devices." }, { "page_index": 221, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_014.png", "page_index": 221, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:03+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Classification M-commerce is categorized based on the following three basic functions: . Mobile shopping enables customers to buy a product using a mobile device with an application Mobile banking is online banking designed for handheld technology. It enables customers to access accounts and brokerage services, conduct financial transactions, pay bills and make stock trades . Mobile payments are an alternative to traditional payment methods. such as cash, check, credit and debit cards.." }, { "page_index": 222, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_015.png", "page_index": 222, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:11+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Classification Classification of m-commerce applications Class of Applications Examples Mobile financial applications(B2C,B2B) Banking, brokerage,and payments for mobile users Mobile advertising (B2C) Sending user-specific and location-sensitive advertisements to users Mobile inventory management(B2C, B2B) Location tracking of goods,boxes,troops,and people Proactive service management(B2C,B28) Transmission of information related to distributing components to vendors Product locating and shopping (B2C,B2B) Locating/ordering certain items from a mobile device Wireless reengineeringB2C,B2B) Improvement of business services Mobile auction or reverse auction B2C) Services for customers to buy or sell certain items Mobile entertainment services (B2C) Video-on-demand and other services to a mobile user Mobile officeB2C) Working from traffic jams, airport,and conferences Mobile distance education (B2C) Taking a class using streaming audio and video Wireless data centerB2C,B2B) Information can be downloaded by mobile users/vendors Mobile music/music-on-demand(B2C) Downloading and playing music using a mobile device Source U.Varshney and R.Vetter,Recent Advances in Wireless Networking.\"IEEE Computer,June 2000. 15 2000IEEE." }, { "page_index": 223, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_016.png", "page_index": 223, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Applications Current and future mobile commerce trends . Mobile retargeting . Augmented reality (AR) Mobile SEO . Mobile banking : Al, chatbots and shopping assistants . Mobile ticketing 16" }, { "page_index": 224, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_017.png", "page_index": 224, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:18+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Applications . Mobile ticketing . Content purchase and delivery Information services, location based services . Mobile marketing and advertising . Mobile vouchers, coupons, and loyalty cards . Mobile payments" }, { "page_index": 225, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_018.png", "page_index": 225, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile Ticketing Mobile Ticketing is the process where the customers can order, pay for obtain and validate tickets from any location and at any time using Mobile phones . . Tickets can be booked and cancelled on the mobile device with the help of simple application downloads. Delivery of tickets to mobile phones can be done in the form of a SMS or by a MMS 18" }, { "page_index": 226, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_019.png", "page_index": 226, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:26+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile Ticketing . Mobile Tickets can be purchased in a variety of ways including online via text messaging or in a secure mobile application. . Mobile Ticketing is used in many applications like: 1. Airline ticketing 2. Cinema ticketing 3. Railway & Bus ticketing 4. Concert/Event ticketing 5. Consumer voucher distribution 19" }, { "page_index": 227, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_020.png", "page_index": 227, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:29+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Benefits Benefits to the ticket buyer . Instant delivery of mobile tickets at the time of purchase. Individual mobile tickets can be forwarded to a friend Quicker entry with no waiting in lines Benefits to the Event organizer . Reduced will call lines and staffing Guaranteed security, only one entry per barcode. . Event is 'greener' with reduced paper waste. 20" }, { "page_index": 228, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_021.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_021.png", "page_index": 228, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:34+07:00" }, "raw_text": "purchase and delivery Content . Mobile content purchase and delivery mainly consists of the sale of ring-tones, wallpapers, and games for mobile phones . The convergence of mobile phones, portable audio players, and video players into a single device is increasing the purchase and delivery of full-length music tracks and video 21" }, { "page_index": 229, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_022.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_022.png", "page_index": 229, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:37+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Information services A wide variety of information services can be delivered to mobile phone users in much the same way as it is delivered to PCs. . These services include: . News Stock quotes Sports scores Traffic reporting 22" }, { "page_index": 230, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_023.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_023.png", "page_index": 230, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:40+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Location-based services . The location of the mobile phone user is an important piece of information used during Mobile Commerce or M-Commerce transactions. Knowing the location of the user allows for location based services such as: 1. Local discount offers 2. Tracking and monitoring of people 3. Maps 23" }, { "page_index": 231, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_024.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_024.png", "page_index": 231, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:44+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile Marketing and Advertising . Mobile marketing is highly responsive sort of marketing campaign especially from brands' experience point of view. Corporations are now using M-Commerce to expand everything from services to marketing and advertisement. Types of M-marketing and advertising: Mobile Web Poster SMS advertising MMS advertising Mobile games Mobile videos Audio Advertisements 24" }, { "page_index": 232, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_025.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_025.png", "page_index": 232, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:48+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards . The voucher, coupon, or loyalty card is represented by a virtual token that is sent to the mobile phone Presenting a mobile phone with one of these tokens at the point of sale allows the customer to receive the same benefits as another customer who has a loyalty card or other paper coupon/voucher. 25" }, { "page_index": 233, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_026.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_026.png", "page_index": 233, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:53+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile payments Mobile wallets and money transfers . Contactless mobile payments. Apple Pay, Google Pay, Samsung Pay, etc. Some banks launching their own mobile wallet too. Place phone close to a supported terminal to validate and transmit payment, instead of swiping their debit or credit card. Closed loop mobile payments. Closed loop mobile payments are exactly the same as mobile wallets, but are linked to a single brand via a dédicated mobile app. : Mobile point-of-sale (POS) Mobile PoS is a way for smaller merchants to process card payments without a traditional card reader Carrier payments A user sends a message to a specific mobile number, and the value of the transaction is added to their next cellphoné bill 26" }, { "page_index": 234, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_027.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_027.png", "page_index": 234, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:02:58+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile e wallet - A mobile wallet based payment strategy deals with how, where and when the payments can be accepted and processed using the user's wallet accounts. A mobile wallet payment option includes the following: . Prepaid - Here the users top up their mobile wallet accounts upfront and such mobile wallet accounts are used to make the payments in context of the mobile sales transactions. 27" }, { "page_index": 235, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_028.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_028.png", "page_index": 235, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:02+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile e wallet . Post-paid - In this case, a user's mobile wallet account is linked to his or her carrier billing account. The mobile sales transactions are paid with the user's mobile wallet account, which in turn is charged to the associated mobile billing account that is usually paid on a monthly or quarterly basis. . Card linked mobile wallets - In this mobile wallet strategy, the mobile wallet accounts are linked to user's debit or credit cards. In a mobile sales transaction, with card linked mobile wallet payment, the final payment is made from the wallet account that is linked to user's cards 28" }, { "page_index": 236, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_029.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_029.png", "page_index": 236, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:07+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Mobile money transfer . Mobile Money Transfer refers to payment services which are performed by using a mobile phone. By using this service we can transfer money from one person to other by using a mobile phone. Mobile Banking: Banks and other financial institutions use mobile Commerce to allow their customers to access account information and make transactions, such as purchasing stocks, remitting money, receive notifications, transfer money to other banks. . Mobile purchase: Some merchants provide mobile websites that are customized for the smaller screen and limited user interface of a mobile device 29" }, { "page_index": 237, "chapter_num": 7, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_030.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_7/slide_030.png", "page_index": 237, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:15+07:00" }, "raw_text": "New applications : Augmented reality, with Ikea and Sephora among top retailers using augmented reality apps to complement their mobile commerce business Chatbots and messenger apps which making it easier for businesses to interact with their customers using apps and services their customers already use and love RetailEcomm SSales wor1dwide.2015-2020 trillions, %6 change and %6 of total retail sales 54.058 52.860 $1.548 25.5% 23.7 22.9% 21.66 9.5% 18.79% 13.0% 14.69% 8.7% 10.0% 11.5% 7.4% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Retail econmmerce sales 96 change X oftotalretailsales Note:includes products or services ordered using the internet via any device.regaraless of the nmethod of paynment or anoeventtickets 30 source.eMarketer.Aug2o16 213201 www.eMarketer.coit" }, { "page_index": 238, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_001.png", "page_index": 238, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:18+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic c Commerce 8: Planning Chapter" }, { "page_index": 239, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_002.png", "page_index": 239, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic commerce initiatives Main activities Identify business objectives Link business objectives to business strategies Business objectives Increasing existing market's sales Opening new markets Serving existing customers better Identifying new vendors Coordinating more efficiently with existing vendors Recruiting employees more effectively" }, { "page_index": 240, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_003.png", "page_index": 240, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:27+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic commerce initiatives Business strategies Downstream strategies: improving the values provide to customers Upstream strategies: working at a higher level to reduce cost or generate value Use the web for business strategies Attractive sales channel for many firms Complement business strategies Building brands Selling products and services Selling advertising Purchasing products and services Building virtual communities and Web portals" }, { "page_index": 241, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_004.png", "page_index": 241, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:30+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic commerce initiatives Measuring benefits Tangible benefits Easy to measure Example: increased sales Intangible benefits Difficult to measure Example: increased customer satisfaction Set measurable objectives even if for intangible benefits How? Survey, opinion polls, customer service complaints, etc" }, { "page_index": 242, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_005.png", "page_index": 242, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic commerce initiatives Electronic commerce initiatives Common measurements of benefits provided Build brands Surveys or opinion polls that measure brand awareness Enhance existing marketing Change in per-unit sales volume programs Improve customer service Customer satisfaction surveys, quantity of customer complaints Reduce cost of after-sale Quantity and type (telephone, fax, e-mail) of support support activities Improve supply chain Cost, quality, and on-time delivery of materials operation or servicespurchased Hold auctions Quantity of auctions,bidders, sellers, items sold, registered participants;dollar volume of items sold Provide portals,social networks, Number of visitors,number of return andvirtualcommunities visits per visitor, and duration of average visit FIGURE12-1 Measuring the benefits of electronic commerce initiatives" }, { "page_index": 243, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_006.png", "page_index": 243, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:42+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic commerce initiatives Managing costs Information technology project costs are difficult to estimate Rapid changes in technologies Total cost of ownership (TCO) Hardware Software Design work Outsourcing Salaries and benefits for employees Good TCO estimation should includes assumptions about how often site would need to be redesigned in the future" }, { "page_index": 244, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_007.png", "page_index": 244, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:47+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic commerce initiatives Opportunity cost Cost of not undertaking an initiative Website cost $ million 20 Web business that is a true differentiator 15 $15million and up Comparable to most 10 existing Web competitors $2 million to $5 million 5 Entry-level Web business $100.000 to $1 million FIGURE12-2 Starting a Web business: three price tags" }, { "page_index": 245, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_008.png", "page_index": 245, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:52+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic commerce initiatives Comparing benefits with cost Identify Determine benefits value of benefits Compare value of benefits to value of Determine costs Identify value of costs costs FIGURE12-4 Cost/benefit evaluation of electronic commerce strategy elements ROI (Return on Investment) Measuring amount of income (return) provided by specific current expenditure (investment) ROl built-in biases Short-term benefits easier to foresee Long-term benefits harder to imagine and quantify" }, { "page_index": 246, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_009.png", "page_index": 246, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:03:59+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Website development Evolution 1994-1996 1996-1999 1999-present Static Transaction Full range of automated brochure processing business processes Contact information Static brochure,plus: Transaction processing,plus: Logo and/or other branding Complete product catalog Personalization Someproduct information Shopping cart Social networking features Financial statements Securepayment processing Frequently updated content Order information inquiries Customer relationship managementtools Shipment tracking FIGURE12-5 Increasing complexity of Web site functions" }, { "page_index": 247, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_010.png", "page_index": 247, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:03+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Website development Internal vs. outsourcing Internal Company's specific needs are addressed Initiative congruent with organization goals, culture Outsourcing Seldom able to learn enough about organization's culture to accomplish objectives Key to success Finding balance between outside and inside support Outsourcing: hiring another company to provide outside support for all or part of project" }, { "page_index": 248, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_011.png", "page_index": 248, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:07+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Website development Internal team People knowledgeable about the Internet and its technologies Creative thinkers Distinguished within the company Internal project lead Mistake: technical wizard, not business knowledgeable, not well known Better choice: person with business knowledge, creativity, respect of firm's operating function managers, good sense of goals and culture" }, { "page_index": 249, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_012.png", "page_index": 249, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:12+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Website development Early outsourcing Company outsources initial site design and development to launch project quickly Outsourcing team trains company's information systems professionals before handing site operation to them Company's information systems people work closely with outsourcing team to develop ideas for improvements as early as possible in project life" }, { "page_index": 250, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_013.png", "page_index": 250, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:17+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Website development Late outsourcing More traditional approach Company's information systems professionals Perform initial design and development work, implement system and operate system until stable part of business operation Once competitive advantage gained Electronic commerce system maintenance outsourced Company's information systems professionals turn attention and talents to developing new technologies, providing further competitive advantage" }, { "page_index": 251, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_014.png", "page_index": 251, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:22+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Website development Partial outsourcing Also called component outsourcing Company identifies specific project portions that can be completely designed, developed, implemented, and operated by another firm specializing in a particular function Examples Smaller Web sites outsource e-mail handling and response functions Customer support call center Electronic payment system" }, { "page_index": 252, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_015.png", "page_index": 252, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:26+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Website development Selecting a hosting provider Internal team responsible for selecting a service provider Should obtain advice of consultants Important factors Functionality Reliability Bandwidth and server scalability Security Backup and disaster recovery Cost Vendor's security policies, practices: very important because business information placed in hands of service provider" }, { "page_index": 253, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_016.png", "page_index": 253, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:30+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Staffing Business manager Member of internal team setting project objectives Responsible for implementing business plan elements, reaching objectives set by internal team Project manager Person with specific training, skills in tracking costs and accomplishment of specific project objectives Account manager Keeps track of multiple Web sites in use or keeps track of projects combining into larger Web site" }, { "page_index": 254, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_017.png", "page_index": 254, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:34+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Staffing Applications specialists Maintain accounting, human resources, logistics software Web programmers Design and write underlying code for dynamic database-driven Web pages Web graphics designer Trained in art, layout, composition Understands how Web pages are constructed" }, { "page_index": 255, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_018.png", "page_index": 255, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:37+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Staffing Customer service personnel Design and implement customer relationship management activities in electronic commerce operation Call center Company handling incoming customer telephone calls, e-mails for other companies Makes sense for smaller companies Systems administrator Responsible for system's reliable, secure operation" }, { "page_index": 256, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_019.png", "page_index": 256, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:41+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Staffing Database administrator Support activities Transaction processing, order entry, inquiry management, shipment logistics Activities require: An existing database into which site being integrated Separate database established for electronic commerce initiative" }, { "page_index": 257, "chapter_num": 8, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_8/slide_020.png", "page_index": 257, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:44+07:00" }, "raw_text": "End of chapter 10" }, { "page_index": 258, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_001.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_001.png", "page_index": 258, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Electronic c Commerce Chapter 9: System security" }, { "page_index": 259, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_002.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_002.png", "page_index": 259, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:48+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Objectives Security requirements Authentication Access control" }, { "page_index": 260, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_003.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_003.png", "page_index": 260, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:52+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Security requirements Confidentiality Integrity Availability Non-repudiation" }, { "page_index": 261, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_004.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_004.png", "page_index": 261, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:04:56+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Policy and mechanism Need to have a security policy and appropriate security mechanism A security policy is a statement of what is, and what is not, allowed A security mechanism is a method, tool, or procedure for enforcing a security policy A security mechanism can implement a policy by Prevent the attack Detect the attack Recover from the attack In designing policy, need to identify threat A threat is a potential violation of security" }, { "page_index": 262, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_005.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_005.png", "page_index": 262, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:00+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Security threats Type of threats Disclosure: unauthorized access to information Deception: acceptance of false data Disruption: interruption or prevention of correct operation Usurpation: unauthorized control of some part of a system The security life cycle Threats L 4 Policy Spccification Design -Implementation Operation and Maintenance" }, { "page_index": 263, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_006.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_006.png", "page_index": 263, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:04+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Common attacks Snooping: unauthorized interception of information, is a form of disclosure Passive Passive wiretapping: snooping happen on a network Modification (or alteration): deception, disruption, and usurpation Active Active wiretapping: modification happen on a network Example: man-in-the-middle attack" }, { "page_index": 264, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_007.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_007.png", "page_index": 264, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:08+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Common attacks Masquerading (or spoofing): impersonation of one entity by another, is a form of deception, and usurpation Passive or active Repudiation of origin: false denial that an entity sent something, is a form of deception Active Denial of service: long-term inhibition of service, is a form of usurpation Active May happen at the source, the destination, or the communication path" }, { "page_index": 265, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_008.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_008.png", "page_index": 265, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:12+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Common attacks Malicious code: is a set of instructions that cause a site's security policy to be violated Trojan horse: is a program with an overt (documented or known) effect and a covert (undocumented or unexpected effect Example: this UNIX script is named Is, what does it do? cp /bin/sh /tmp/.xxsh chmod o+s,w+x /tmp/.xxsh rm ./Is Is $*" }, { "page_index": 266, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_009.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_009.png", "page_index": 266, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:17+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Common attacks Computer virus: is a program that inserts itself into one or more files and then performs some actions A boot sector infector is a virus that inserts itself into the boot sector of a disk An executable infector is a virus that infects executable programs An encrypted virus is one that enciphers all of the virus code except for a small decryption routine A polymorphic virus is a virus that changes its form each time it inserts itself into another program A macro virus is a virus composed of a sequence of instructions that is interpreted, rather than executed directly" }, { "page_index": 267, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_010.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_010.png", "page_index": 267, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:20+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Common attacks Computer worm: is a program that copies itself from one computer to another Defense: multilevel strategy 1. Written policies and procedures 2. User awareness and education. 3. Physical security. 4. Product selection, configuration, and maintenance. 5. Password management 6. Anti-virus software for servers, clients, and electronic mail. 7. Adequate system backups." }, { "page_index": 268, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_011.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_011.png", "page_index": 268, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:25+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Authentication is the process of verifying the identity a subject claims it to be The subject must provide information to enable the system to confirm its identity Something the subject knows Something the subject has Something the subject is Combination of them Authentication mechanism Password Challenge-response Biometrics Multi-factor" }, { "page_index": 269, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_012.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_012.png", "page_index": 269, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:29+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Password Based on \"something the subject knows The subject supplies a password, and the system verifies it against the stored database How to keep the passwords secret even from the administrators? => using a one-way hash function Attacks on password systems Dictionary attack: trial and error, using a list of possible passwords Brute force attack: trying every possible passwords Rainbow table: pre-computed table for reversing cryptographic hash functions" }, { "page_index": 270, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_013.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_013.png", "page_index": 270, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:34+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Defending the password system Users need to use \"good\" password Theorem: let the expected time required to guess a password be T, then T is maximum when the selection of any of a set of possible passwords is equals Random computer-generated passwords: strong, but difficult for human users Pronounceable computer-generated passwords: compromise between passwords selected by users and generated by computer randomly Password aging: a password must be changed after some period of time or after some event has occurred" }, { "page_index": 271, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_014.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_014.png", "page_index": 271, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:38+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Challenge-response The fundamental problem with password: reusable Idea: using passwords that change each time it is used Challenge-response authentication: Server and user agree on a function f Server sends a random message m (the challenge) to user, and user replies with the transformation r = f(m) (the response). Server validates r by computing it separately This is a form of one-time password Also based on \"something the subject knows" }, { "page_index": 272, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_015.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_015.png", "page_index": 272, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:43+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Challenge-response example: CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart spade Challenge-response authentication (that you are human What is challenge, what is response? Easy for authenticated subjects (human) but difficult for unauthenticated ones: is that assumption still valid now?" }, { "page_index": 273, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_016.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_016.png", "page_index": 273, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:46+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Types of Captcha CAPTCHAS Visual Non Visual OCR Image Audio Cognitive 2D 3D Video FiG.8.Different types of CAPTCHAs Attacks on Captcha system Blind guessing Al attacks Relay attacks: Man in the middle, outsourcing, collusion attacks" }, { "page_index": 274, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_017.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_017.png", "page_index": 274, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:50+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Biometrics The automated measurement of biological or behavioral features that identify a person Based on \"something the subject is\" Many features can be used Fingerprints Voice Face Keystroke Gesture Problems Noisy data Not easy to change once be stolen Availability" }, { "page_index": 275, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_018.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_018.png", "page_index": 275, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:54+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Authentication Multi-factor Using more than one way to authenticate a subject Providing more layers of protection But not convenient for users How to design an authentication system? =>Using the security life cycle" }, { "page_index": 276, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_019.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_019.png", "page_index": 276, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:05:58+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Access control Access control: exerting control over who can interact with a resource Types of access control Discretionary access control (DAC): a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission on to any other subject Mandatory access control: the operating system constrains the ability of a subject to access an object Access control presentation Access control matrix Objects: columns Subjects: rows Access permission: respected cells" }, { "page_index": 277, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_020.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_020.png", "page_index": 277, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:06:03+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Access control File 1 File 2 Process 1 Process 2 Process 1 Read, owr Write Own Process 2 Append Own, write Execute Own Access control list: There is a list of subjects and their permissions on a particular object Example: acl(file 1) ={ (Process 1, { read, own }) (Process 2,{ append }) } Capabilities list: There is a list of objects and what can be done on them for a particular subject Example: cap(Process 1) ={ (File 1, { read, own }) file 2,{ write }),(process 1,{own}),}" }, { "page_index": 278, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_021.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_021.png", "page_index": 278, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:06:07+07:00" }, "raw_text": "Access control Bell-LaPadula model Subjects have security clearance: Ts (top secret), S (secret), C (confidential), UC (unclassified) (Is) Object have security classification: the same as above (1.) Simple security condition: subject can read object if and only if I. S Star property: subject can write to object if and only if I. <=" }, { "page_index": 279, "chapter_num": 9, "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_022.png", "metadata": { "doc_type": "slide", "course_id": "CO3027", "source_file": "/workspace/data/converted/CO3027_Electronic_Commerce/Chapter_9/slide_022.png", "page_index": 279, "language": "en", "ocr_engine": "PaddleOCR 3.2", "extractor_version": "1.0.0", "timestamp": "2025-10-31T15:06:09+07:00" }, "raw_text": "End of chapter 10" } ] }