Instruction: Hayden is a singer-songwriter from Canada, but where does Buck-Tick hail from?

Input:
Paul Hayden Desser (born February 12, 1971) who records as Hayden, is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Thornhill, Ontario.
Buck-Tick (stylized as BUCK-TICK) is a Japanese rock band, formed in Fujioka, Gunma in 1983.

Output:
**Analysis**
The question asks for the place of origin of the band Buck‑Tick.

**Steps**
1. Locate any statement in the provided evidence that describes Buck‑Tick’s origin.
2. Use that statement to determine the city, prefecture, and country.

**Execution & Reasoning**

- Evidence line: “Buck‑Tick (stylized as BUCK‑TICK) is a Japanese rock band, formed in Fujioka, Gunma in 1983.”
  - This explicitly names the city (Fujioka) and prefecture (Gunma) and indicates the country (Japan) as the origin.

**Conclusion**
Buck‑Tick hail from Fujioka, Gunma, Japan.

### Instruction:
Hayden is a singer-songwriter from Canada, but where does Buck-Tick hail from?

### Input:
Paul Hayden Desser (born February 12, 1971) who records as Hayden, is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Thornhill, Ontario.
Buck-Tick (stylized as BUCK-TICK) is a Japanese rock band, formed in Fujioka, Gunma in 1983.

### Response:
**Analysis**
The question asks for the place of origin of the band Buck‑Tick.

**Steps**
1. Locate any statement in the provided evidence that describes Buck‑Tick’s origin.
2. Use that statement to determine the city, prefecture, and country.

**Execution & Reasoning**

- Evidence line: “Buck‑Tick (stylized as BUCK‑TICK) is a Japanese rock band, formed in Fujioka, Gunma in 1983.”
  - This explicitly names the city (Fujioka) and prefecture (Gunma) and indicates the country (Japan) as the origin.

**Conclusion**
Buck‑Tick hail from Fujioka, Gunma, Japan.


Instruction: Which  French ace pilot and adventurer fly L'Oiseau Blanc

Input:
 The aircraft was flown by French World War I aviation heroes, Charles Nungesser and François Coli.
Charles Eugène Jules Marie Nungesser, MC (15 March 1892 – presumably on or after 8 May 1927) was a French ace pilot and adventurer, best remembered as a rival of Charles Lindbergh.

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
We need to name the French ace pilot and adventurer who flew the aircraft *L'Oiseau Blanc*.
Only the “Existing content” may be used as evidence.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
- Identify which individuals flew *L'Oiseau Blanc* from the existing content.
- Determine which of those individuals is described as a French ace pilot and adventurer.
- Provide that name as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|------|---------------|-----------|
| 1 | “The aircraft was flown by French World War I aviation heroes, Charles Nungesser and François Coli.” | Confirms that *L'Oiseau Blanc* was flown by Charles Nungesser and François Coli. |
| 2 | “Charles Eugène Jules Marie Nungesser, MC … was a French ace pilot and adventurer, best remembered as a rival of Charles Lindbergh.” | Identifies Charles Nungesser as a French ace pilot and adventurer. |

Since Charles Nungesser is the only one among the two pilots who matches the description “French ace pilot and adventurer”, he is the correct answer.

**4. Final answer**
**Charles Nungesser**.

### Instruction:
Which  French ace pilot and adventurer fly L'Oiseau Blanc

### Input:
 The aircraft was flown by French World War I aviation heroes, Charles Nungesser and François Coli.
Charles Eugène Jules Marie Nungesser, MC (15 March 1892 – presumably on or after 8 May 1927) was a French ace pilot and adventurer, best remembered as a rival of Charles Lindbergh.

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
We need to name the French ace pilot and adventurer who flew the aircraft *L'Oiseau Blanc*.
Only the “Existing content” may be used as evidence.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
- Identify which individuals flew *L'Oiseau Blanc* from the existing content.
- Determine which of those individuals is described as a French ace pilot and adventurer.
- Provide that name as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|------|---------------|-----------|
| 1 | “The aircraft was flown by French World War I aviation heroes, Charles Nungesser and François Coli.” | Confirms that *L'Oiseau Blanc* was flown by Charles Nungesser and François Coli. |
| 2 | “Charles Eugène Jules Marie Nungesser, MC … was a French ace pilot and adventurer, best remembered as a rival of Charles Lindbergh.” | Identifies Charles Nungesser as a French ace pilot and adventurer. |

Since Charles Nungesser is the only one among the two pilots who matches the description “French ace pilot and adventurer”, he is the correct answer.

**4. Final answer**
**Charles Nungesser**.


Instruction: Are Freakonomics and In the Realm of the Hackers both American documentaries?

Input:
Freakonomics: The Movie is a 2010 American documentary film based on the 2005 book "Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything" by economist Steven D. Levitt and writer Stephen J. Dubner.
In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson about the prominent hacker community, centered in Melbourne, Australia in the late 1980s until early 1990.

Output:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
We must decide whether *both* documentaries are American, using only the “Existing content” provided.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify the national origin stated for each documentary in the evidence.
2. Compare the origins: if both are “American” → answer “Yes”; otherwise → answer “No”.
3. Cite the exact evidence lines used for each conclusion.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**
1. **Freakonomics** – The text says:
   *“Freakonomics: The Movie is a 2010 American documentary film…”*
   → Origin: American.
2. **In the Realm of the Hackers** – The text says:
   *“In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson…”*
   → Origin: Australian.
3. Since one film is American and the other is Australian, the pair is *not* both American.

**Step 4 – Treat the “Existing content” as authoritative evidence**
Only the lines cited above are used; no external facts are introduced.

**Step 5 – Explicit evidence used**
- Freakonomics origin: “Freakonomics: The Movie is a 2010 American documentary film…”
- In the Realm of the Hackers origin: “In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson…”

**Final answer**
No, *Freakonomics* is an American documentary, while *In the Realm of the Hackers* is an Australian documentary.

### Instruction:
Are Freakonomics and In the Realm of the Hackers both American documentaries?

### Input:
Freakonomics: The Movie is a 2010 American documentary film based on the 2005 book "Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything" by economist Steven D. Levitt and writer Stephen J. Dubner.
In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson about the prominent hacker community, centered in Melbourne, Australia in the late 1980s until early 1990.

### Response:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
We must decide whether *both* documentaries are American, using only the “Existing content” provided.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify the national origin stated for each documentary in the evidence.
2. Compare the origins: if both are “American” → answer “Yes”; otherwise → answer “No”.
3. Cite the exact evidence lines used for each conclusion.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**
1. **Freakonomics** – The text says:
   *“Freakonomics: The Movie is a 2010 American documentary film…”*
   → Origin: American.
2. **In the Realm of the Hackers** – The text says:
   *“In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson…”*
   → Origin: Australian.
3. Since one film is American and the other is Australian, the pair is *not* both American.

**Step 4 – Treat the “Existing content” as authoritative evidence**
Only the lines cited above are used; no external facts are introduced.

**Step 5 – Explicit evidence used**
- Freakonomics origin: “Freakonomics: The Movie is a 2010 American documentary film…”
- In the Realm of the Hackers origin: “In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson…”

**Final answer**
No, *Freakonomics* is an American documentary, while *In the Realm of the Hackers* is an Australian documentary.


Instruction: Which band, Letters to Cleo or Screaming Trees, had more members?

Input:
Letters to Cleo are an alternative rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, best known for the 1994 single, "Here & Now", from their full-length debut album, "Aurora Gory Alice".
 The band's members are Kay Hanley, Greg McKenna, Michael Eisenstein, Stacy Jones, Scott Riebling, and later, Tom Polce.
Screaming Trees was an American rock band formed in Ellensburg, Washington in 1985 by vocalist Mark Lanegan, guitarist Gary Lee Conner, bass player Van Conner and drummer Mark Pickerel.
 Pickerel had been replaced by Barrett Martin by the time the band reached its most successful period.

Output:
**1. Problem requirements**

- Determine which of the two bands (Letters to Cleo or Screaming Trees) had more members.
- Use only the provided “Existing content” as evidence.
- Explicitly cite evidence lines for each reasoning step.
- If evidence is insufficient, state that.

**2. Steps to solve**

1. Count the distinct members listed for Letters to Cleo.
2. Count the distinct members listed for Screaming Trees.
3. Compare the two counts.
4. Conclude which band had more members.

**3. Solution process**

*Step 1 – Count Letters to Cleo members*
- Evidence: “The band's members are Kay Hanley, Greg McKenna, Michael Eisenstein, Stacy Jones, Scott Riebling, and later, Tom Polce.”
- Counting: 6 distinct names → **6 members**.

*Step 2 – Count Screaming Trees members*
- Evidence: “Screaming Trees was an American rock band formed … by vocalist Mark Lanegan, guitarist Gary Lee Conner, bass player Van Conner and drummer Mark Pickerel.”
- Evidence: “Pickerel had been replaced by Barrett Martin by the time the band reached its most successful period.”
- Counting original lineup: 4 members (Lanegan, Conner, Van Conner, Pickerel).
- Counting at most successful period: 4 members (Lanegan, Conner, Van Conner, Barrett Martin).
- In either case → **4 members**.

*Step 3 – Compare*
- Letters to Cleo: 6 members.
- Screaming Trees: 4 members.
- 6 > 4, so Letters to Cleo had more members.

**4. Conclusion**

Letters to Cleo had more members than Screaming Trees.

**Final answer:** **Letters to Cleo**.

### Instruction:
Which band, Letters to Cleo or Screaming Trees, had more members?

### Input:
Letters to Cleo are an alternative rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, best known for the 1994 single, "Here & Now", from their full-length debut album, "Aurora Gory Alice".
 The band's members are Kay Hanley, Greg McKenna, Michael Eisenstein, Stacy Jones, Scott Riebling, and later, Tom Polce.
Screaming Trees was an American rock band formed in Ellensburg, Washington in 1985 by vocalist Mark Lanegan, guitarist Gary Lee Conner, bass player Van Conner and drummer Mark Pickerel.
 Pickerel had been replaced by Barrett Martin by the time the band reached its most successful period.

### Response:
**1. Problem requirements**

- Determine which of the two bands (Letters to Cleo or Screaming Trees) had more members.
- Use only the provided “Existing content” as evidence.
- Explicitly cite evidence lines for each reasoning step.
- If evidence is insufficient, state that.

**2. Steps to solve**

1. Count the distinct members listed for Letters to Cleo.
2. Count the distinct members listed for Screaming Trees.
3. Compare the two counts.
4. Conclude which band had more members.

**3. Solution process**

*Step 1 – Count Letters to Cleo members*
- Evidence: “The band's members are Kay Hanley, Greg McKenna, Michael Eisenstein, Stacy Jones, Scott Riebling, and later, Tom Polce.”
- Counting: 6 distinct names → **6 members**.

*Step 2 – Count Screaming Trees members*
- Evidence: “Screaming Trees was an American rock band formed … by vocalist Mark Lanegan, guitarist Gary Lee Conner, bass player Van Conner and drummer Mark Pickerel.”
- Evidence: “Pickerel had been replaced by Barrett Martin by the time the band reached its most successful period.”
- Counting original lineup: 4 members (Lanegan, Conner, Van Conner, Pickerel).
- Counting at most successful period: 4 members (Lanegan, Conner, Van Conner, Barrett Martin).
- In either case → **4 members**.

*Step 3 – Compare*
- Letters to Cleo: 6 members.
- Screaming Trees: 4 members.
- 6 > 4, so Letters to Cleo had more members.

**4. Conclusion**

Letters to Cleo had more members than Screaming Trees.

**Final answer:** **Letters to Cleo**.


Instruction: Alexander Kerensky was defeated and destroyed by the Bolsheviks in the course of a civil war that ended when ?

Input:
 The anti-Bolshevik faction of this party, known as the Right SRs, which remained loyal to the Provisional Government leader Alexander Kerensky was defeated and destroyed by the Bolsheviks in the course of the Russian Civil War and subsequent persecution.
The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражда́нская война́ в Росси́и , "Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi" ; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

Output:
**1. Problem analysis**
The question asks for the time when the civil war that defeated Alexander Kerensky ended.

**2. Steps to answer**
- Locate any date range for the Russian Civil War in the provided text.
- Extract the end date from that range.
- State that as the answer.

**3. Solution execution**
- The existing content states:
  “The Russian Civil War … ; November 1917 – October 1922”【Existing content line 2】.
  The hyphenated range gives the start and end months.
- Therefore, the civil war ended in **October 1922**.

**Final answer**
The civil war that defeated Kerensky ended in **October 1922**.

### Instruction:
Alexander Kerensky was defeated and destroyed by the Bolsheviks in the course of a civil war that ended when ?

### Input:
 The anti-Bolshevik faction of this party, known as the Right SRs, which remained loyal to the Provisional Government leader Alexander Kerensky was defeated and destroyed by the Bolsheviks in the course of the Russian Civil War and subsequent persecution.
The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражда́нская война́ в Росси́и , "Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi" ; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

### Response:
**1. Problem analysis**
The question asks for the time when the civil war that defeated Alexander Kerensky ended.

**2. Steps to answer**
- Locate any date range for the Russian Civil War in the provided text.
- Extract the end date from that range.
- State that as the answer.

**3. Solution execution**
- The existing content states:
  “The Russian Civil War … ; November 1917 – October 1922”【Existing content line 2】.
  The hyphenated range gives the start and end months.
- Therefore, the civil war ended in **October 1922**.

**Final answer**
The civil war that defeated Kerensky ended in **October 1922**.


Instruction: Seven Brief Lessons on Physics was written by an Italian physicist that has worked in France since what year?

Input:
Seven Brief Lessons on Physics (Italian: "" ) is a short book by the Italian physicist Carlo Rovelli.
Carlo Rovelli (born 3 May 1956) is an Italian theoretical physicist and writer who has worked in Italy, the United States and since 2000, in France.

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
We must determine the year since which the Italian physicist who authored *Seven Brief Lessons on Physics* has worked in France.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
- Identify the physicist who wrote the book.
- Find the statement that specifies the year he started working in France.
- Extract that year as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Action | Evidence used |
|------|--------|---------------|
| Identify physicist | Extract name from the book description. | “Seven Brief Lessons on Physics … is a short book by the Italian physicist *Carlo Rovelli*.” |
| Find year in France | Locate the clause mentioning his work location and year. | “Carlo Rovelli … has worked in Italy, the United States and since **2000**, in France.” |

**4. Treat the "Existing content" as authoritative evidence**
Only the above lines are used; no external facts are added.

**5. Reasoning steps with evidence**
- The book is authored by Carlo Rovelli (existing content line 1).
- The same line states he has worked in France “since **2000**” (existing content line 2).
- Therefore, the year in question is 2000.

**6. Final answer**
**2000**

### Instruction:
Seven Brief Lessons on Physics was written by an Italian physicist that has worked in France since what year?

### Input:
Seven Brief Lessons on Physics (Italian: "" ) is a short book by the Italian physicist Carlo Rovelli.
Carlo Rovelli (born 3 May 1956) is an Italian theoretical physicist and writer who has worked in Italy, the United States and since 2000, in France.

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
We must determine the year since which the Italian physicist who authored *Seven Brief Lessons on Physics* has worked in France.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
- Identify the physicist who wrote the book.
- Find the statement that specifies the year he started working in France.
- Extract that year as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Action | Evidence used |
|------|--------|---------------|
| Identify physicist | Extract name from the book description. | “Seven Brief Lessons on Physics … is a short book by the Italian physicist *Carlo Rovelli*.” |
| Find year in France | Locate the clause mentioning his work location and year. | “Carlo Rovelli … has worked in Italy, the United States and since **2000**, in France.” |

**4. Treat the "Existing content" as authoritative evidence**
Only the above lines are used; no external facts are added.

**5. Reasoning steps with evidence**
- The book is authored by Carlo Rovelli (existing content line 1).
- The same line states he has worked in France “since **2000**” (existing content line 2).
- Therefore, the year in question is 2000.

**6. Final answer**
**2000**


Instruction: The Livesey Hal War Memorial commemorates the fallen of which war, that had over 60 million casualties?

Input:
The Livesey Hall War Memorial commemorates the fallen of World War I and World War II who had been employed by the South Suburban Gas Company of London.
 Over 60 million people were killed, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion).

Output:
**Step 1 – Analyze the question**
We must identify the war referenced by “the Livesey Hal War Memorial commemorates the fallen of which war, that had over 60 million casualties?” The answer must come solely from the provided “Existing content.”

**Step 2 – List reasoning steps**
1. Extract wars mentioned in the existing content.
2. Identify which of those wars is linked to “over 60 million people were killed.”
3. Match that war to the memorial’s commemorated fallen.

**Step 3 – Execute reasoning**

- **Step 3.1 – Wars mentioned**
  Evidence: “The Livesey Hall War Memorial commemorates the fallen of World War I and World War II…” (Existing content line 1).
  → Wars: World War I, World War II.

- **Step 3.2 – War with >60 million casualties**
  Evidence: “Over 60 million people were killed, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion).” (Existing content line 2).
  The casualty figure is associated with the 1940‑world‑population context, i.e., World War II.

- **Step 3.3 – Match to memorial**
  The memorial commemorates the fallen of World War II (and WWI), and the war with >60 million casualties is World War II.

**Step 4 – Conclusion**
The war with over 60 million casualties, commemorated by the Livesey Hall War Memorial, is **World War II**.

### Instruction:
The Livesey Hal War Memorial commemorates the fallen of which war, that had over 60 million casualties?

### Input:
The Livesey Hall War Memorial commemorates the fallen of World War I and World War II who had been employed by the South Suburban Gas Company of London.
 Over 60 million people were killed, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion).

### Response:
**Step 1 – Analyze the question**
We must identify the war referenced by “the Livesey Hal War Memorial commemorates the fallen of which war, that had over 60 million casualties?” The answer must come solely from the provided “Existing content.”

**Step 2 – List reasoning steps**
1. Extract wars mentioned in the existing content.
2. Identify which of those wars is linked to “over 60 million people were killed.”
3. Match that war to the memorial’s commemorated fallen.

**Step 3 – Execute reasoning**

- **Step 3.1 – Wars mentioned**
  Evidence: “The Livesey Hall War Memorial commemorates the fallen of World War I and World War II…” (Existing content line 1).
  → Wars: World War I, World War II.

- **Step 3.2 – War with >60 million casualties**
  Evidence: “Over 60 million people were killed, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion).” (Existing content line 2).
  The casualty figure is associated with the 1940‑world‑population context, i.e., World War II.

- **Step 3.3 – Match to memorial**
  The memorial commemorates the fallen of World War II (and WWI), and the war with >60 million casualties is World War II.

**Step 4 – Conclusion**
The war with over 60 million casualties, commemorated by the Livesey Hall War Memorial, is **World War II**.


Instruction: Are both Elko Regional Airport and Gerald R. Ford International Airport located in Michigan?

Input:
Elko Regional Airport (IATA: EKO, ICAO: KEKO, FAA LID: EKO) , formerly Elko Municipal Airport, is a mile west of downtown Elko, in Elko County, Nevada.
Gerald R. Ford International Airport (IATA: GRR, ICAO: KGRR, FAA LID: GRR) is a commercial airport in Cascade Township approximately 13 mi southeast of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Output:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**

We must determine whether *both* airports—Elko Regional Airport and Gerald R. Ford International Airport—are located in Michigan, using only the evidence provided.

---

### 1. Steps to solve the problem
1. Identify the location of Elko Regional Airport from the evidence.
2. Identify the location of Gerald R. Ford International Airport from the evidence.
3. Compare each location to the state of Michigan.
4. Conclude whether both airports are in Michigan.

---

### 2. Execution of the solution

| Step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|------|---------------|-----------|
| 1 | “Elko Regional Airport … is a mile west of downtown Elko, **in Elko County, Nevada**.” | The sentence explicitly states the airport is in Nevada. |
| 2 | “Gerald R. Ford International Airport … is a commercial airport in Cascade Township approximately 13 mi southeast of Grand Rapids, **Michigan**.” | The sentence explicitly states the airport is in Michigan. |
| 3 | Compare locations to Michigan. | Elko Regional Airport → Nevada (not Michigan). Gerald R. Ford International Airport → Michigan (yes). |
| 4 | Conclusion | Both airports are not in Michigan; only Gerald R. Ford International Airport is. |

---

### 3. Final answer
**No.** Elko Regional Airport is in Nevada, while Gerald R. Ford International Airport is in Michigan. Thus, not both airports are located in Michigan.

### Instruction:
Are both Elko Regional Airport and Gerald R. Ford International Airport located in Michigan?

### Input:
Elko Regional Airport (IATA: EKO, ICAO: KEKO, FAA LID: EKO) , formerly Elko Municipal Airport, is a mile west of downtown Elko, in Elko County, Nevada.
Gerald R. Ford International Airport (IATA: GRR, ICAO: KGRR, FAA LID: GRR) is a commercial airport in Cascade Township approximately 13 mi southeast of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

### Response:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**

We must determine whether *both* airports—Elko Regional Airport and Gerald R. Ford International Airport—are located in Michigan, using only the evidence provided.

---

### 1. Steps to solve the problem
1. Identify the location of Elko Regional Airport from the evidence.
2. Identify the location of Gerald R. Ford International Airport from the evidence.
3. Compare each location to the state of Michigan.
4. Conclude whether both airports are in Michigan.

---

### 2. Execution of the solution

| Step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|------|---------------|-----------|
| 1 | “Elko Regional Airport … is a mile west of downtown Elko, **in Elko County, Nevada**.” | The sentence explicitly states the airport is in Nevada. |
| 2 | “Gerald R. Ford International Airport … is a commercial airport in Cascade Township approximately 13 mi southeast of Grand Rapids, **Michigan**.” | The sentence explicitly states the airport is in Michigan. |
| 3 | Compare locations to Michigan. | Elko Regional Airport → Nevada (not Michigan). Gerald R. Ford International Airport → Michigan (yes). |
| 4 | Conclusion | Both airports are not in Michigan; only Gerald R. Ford International Airport is. |

---

### 3. Final answer
**No.** Elko Regional Airport is in Nevada, while Gerald R. Ford International Airport is in Michigan. Thus, not both airports are located in Michigan.


Instruction: Ralph Hefferline was a psychology professor at a university that is located in what city?

Input:
Ralph Franklin Hefferline (15 February 1910 in Muncie, Indiana – 16 March 1974) was a psychology professor at Columbia University.
Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City, often cited as one of the world's most prestigious universities.

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
The question asks for the city in which the university—where Ralph Hefferline taught—is located. We must rely solely on the “Existing content” provided.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
a. Identify the university Ralph Hefferline was a psychology professor at.
b. Determine the city where that university is situated.
c. State the city as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

- **Step a:** The existing content states:
  *“Ralph Franklin Hefferline … was a psychology professor at Columbia University.”*
  → University: Columbia University.

- **Step b:** The existing content further describes Columbia University:
  *“Columbia University … is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.”*
  → City: New York City.

**4. Evidence used**
- Line 1 of the “Existing content”: identification of the university.
- Line 2 of the “Existing content”: location of Columbia University in New York City.

**5. Final answer**
Ralph Hefferline was a psychology professor at a university located in **New York City**.

### Instruction:
Ralph Hefferline was a psychology professor at a university that is located in what city?

### Input:
Ralph Franklin Hefferline (15 February 1910 in Muncie, Indiana – 16 March 1974) was a psychology professor at Columbia University.
Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City, often cited as one of the world's most prestigious universities.

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
The question asks for the city in which the university—where Ralph Hefferline taught—is located. We must rely solely on the “Existing content” provided.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
a. Identify the university Ralph Hefferline was a psychology professor at.
b. Determine the city where that university is situated.
c. State the city as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

- **Step a:** The existing content states:
  *“Ralph Franklin Hefferline … was a psychology professor at Columbia University.”*
  → University: Columbia University.

- **Step b:** The existing content further describes Columbia University:
  *“Columbia University … is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.”*
  → City: New York City.

**4. Evidence used**
- Line 1 of the “Existing content”: identification of the university.
- Line 2 of the “Existing content”: location of Columbia University in New York City.

**5. Final answer**
Ralph Hefferline was a psychology professor at a university located in **New York City**.


Instruction: Which dog's ancestors include Gordon and Irish Setters: the Manchester Terrier or the Scotch Collie?

Input:
The Manchester Terrier is a breed of dog of the smooth-haired terrier type.
The Scotch Collie is a landrace breed of dog which originated from the highland regions of Scotland.
 Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Determine which of the two breeds (Manchester Terrier or Scotch Collie) has ancestors that are Gordon and Irish Setters.
- Use only the “Existing content” as evidence.
- Provide a concise, step‑by‑step reasoning, citing exact evidence lines for each step.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify the sentences that mention the breeds.
2. Locate the sentence that names the ancestors.
3. Determine which breed the ancestor sentence refers to.
4. Conclude which breed includes Gordon and Irish Setters as ancestors.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Reasoning | Evidence Lines |
|------|-----------|----------------|
| 1 | The first sentence names *Manchester Terrier*; the second names *Scotch Collie*. | “The Manchester Terrier is a breed of dog of the smooth‑haired terrier type.” <br> “The Scotch Collie is a landrace breed of dog which originated from the highland regions of Scotland.” |
| 2 | The third sentence lists additional ancestors: “Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.” | “Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.” |
| 3 | Because the ancestor sentence immediately follows the description of the Scotch Collie, it logically refers to that breed. | Same sentence as step 2, positioned after the Scotch Collie sentence. |
| 4 | Therefore, the Scotch Collie’s ancestors include Gordon and Irish Setters; the Manchester Terrier’s ancestry is not indicated. | Inference from the proximity of the ancestor statement to the Scotch Collie description. |

**4. Final answer**
The dog whose ancestors include Gordon and Irish Setters is the **Scotch Collie**.

### Instruction:
Which dog's ancestors include Gordon and Irish Setters: the Manchester Terrier or the Scotch Collie?

### Input:
The Manchester Terrier is a breed of dog of the smooth-haired terrier type.
The Scotch Collie is a landrace breed of dog which originated from the highland regions of Scotland.
 Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Determine which of the two breeds (Manchester Terrier or Scotch Collie) has ancestors that are Gordon and Irish Setters.
- Use only the “Existing content” as evidence.
- Provide a concise, step‑by‑step reasoning, citing exact evidence lines for each step.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify the sentences that mention the breeds.
2. Locate the sentence that names the ancestors.
3. Determine which breed the ancestor sentence refers to.
4. Conclude which breed includes Gordon and Irish Setters as ancestors.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Reasoning | Evidence Lines |
|------|-----------|----------------|
| 1 | The first sentence names *Manchester Terrier*; the second names *Scotch Collie*. | “The Manchester Terrier is a breed of dog of the smooth‑haired terrier type.” <br> “The Scotch Collie is a landrace breed of dog which originated from the highland regions of Scotland.” |
| 2 | The third sentence lists additional ancestors: “Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.” | “Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.” |
| 3 | Because the ancestor sentence immediately follows the description of the Scotch Collie, it logically refers to that breed. | Same sentence as step 2, positioned after the Scotch Collie sentence. |
| 4 | Therefore, the Scotch Collie’s ancestors include Gordon and Irish Setters; the Manchester Terrier’s ancestry is not indicated. | Inference from the proximity of the ancestor statement to the Scotch Collie description. |

**4. Final answer**
The dog whose ancestors include Gordon and Irish Setters is the **Scotch Collie**.


Instruction: Where is the company that Sachin Warrier worked for as a software engineer headquartered?

Input:
 He was working as a software engineer in Tata Consultancy Services in Kochi.
Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting and business solutions company Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Output:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**
The question asks for the headquarters location of the company where Sachin Warrier worked as a software engineer.

**Steps to solve**

1. Identify the company Sachin Warrier worked for.
2. Find the headquarters location of that company.
3. Provide the location as the answer.

**Execution of the solution**

| Step | Reasoning | Evidence Used |
|------|-----------|---------------|
| 1 | The text states Sachin was a software engineer at Tata Consultancy Services. | “He was working as a software engineer in Tata Consultancy Services in Kochi.” |
| 2 | The text gives the headquarters of Tata Consultancy Services. | “Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting and business solutions company Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.” |
| 3 | Combine the information to answer the question. | N/A |

**Final answer**
The company (Tata Consultancy Services) is headquartered in **Mumbai, Maharashtra**.

### Instruction:
Where is the company that Sachin Warrier worked for as a software engineer headquartered?

### Input:
 He was working as a software engineer in Tata Consultancy Services in Kochi.
Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting and business solutions company Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

### Response:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**
The question asks for the headquarters location of the company where Sachin Warrier worked as a software engineer.

**Steps to solve**

1. Identify the company Sachin Warrier worked for.
2. Find the headquarters location of that company.
3. Provide the location as the answer.

**Execution of the solution**

| Step | Reasoning | Evidence Used |
|------|-----------|---------------|
| 1 | The text states Sachin was a software engineer at Tata Consultancy Services. | “He was working as a software engineer in Tata Consultancy Services in Kochi.” |
| 2 | The text gives the headquarters of Tata Consultancy Services. | “Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting and business solutions company Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.” |
| 3 | Combine the information to answer the question. | N/A |

**Final answer**
The company (Tata Consultancy Services) is headquartered in **Mumbai, Maharashtra**.


Instruction: A Japanese manga series based on a 16 year old high school student Ichitaka Seto, is written and illustrated by someone born in what year?

Input:
Masakazu Katsura (桂 正和 , Katsura Masakazu , born December 10, 1962) is a Japanese manga artist, known for several works of manga, including "Wing-man", "Shadow Lady", "DNA²", "Video Girl Ai", "I"s", and "Zetman".
 The story's main character is 16-year-old high school student Ichitaka Seto who is in love with his classmate Iori Yoshizuki, but too shy to tell her.

Output:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the manga series that centers on the 16‑year‑old high‑school student Ichitaka Seto.
- Determine the author of that series.
- Provide the author’s birth year.
- Use only the “Existing content” as evidence; do not add new facts.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Search the existing content for the manga series that contains the character Ichitaka Seto.
2. Identify the author of that series from the existing content.
3. Extract the author’s birth year from the existing content.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

- **Step 3.1 (Series identification)**
  The existing content lists the following works by Masakazu Katsura: *Wing‑man*, *Shadow Lady*, *DNA²*, *Video Girl Ai*, *I"s*, and *Zetman*.
  *Evidence used:* “Masakazu Katsura (桂 正和 , Katsura Masakazu , born December 10, 1962) … known for several works of manga, including “Wing‑man”, “Shadow Lady”, “DNA²”, “Video Girl Ai”, “I"s”, and “Zetman”.”

  The existing content does **not** mention Ichitaka Seto or explicitly connect him to any of these titles.

- **Step 3.2 (Author identification)**
  Because the character Ichitaka Seto is not referenced in the existing content, we cannot confirm which of the listed works is the one in question.
  *Evidence used:* Same line as above – it lists works but provides no link to Ichitaka Seto.

- **Step 3.3 (Birth year extraction)**
  Even if we assume the series is *I"s*, the birth year we can reliably cite is that of Masakazu Katsura: 1962.
  *Evidence used:* “Masakazu Katsura … born December 10, 1962”.

**Step 4 – Conclusion**
The existing content is insufficient to conclusively state that Ichitaka Seto appears in any of the listed series. Therefore we cannot confidently answer the question based solely on the provided evidence.

**Final answer**
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

**Missing facts needed**
1. Explicit confirmation that Ichitaka Seto is a character in one of the listed manga series.
2. Identification of the author of that specific series (if it is not Masakazu Katsura).

### Instruction:
A Japanese manga series based on a 16 year old high school student Ichitaka Seto, is written and illustrated by someone born in what year?

### Input:
Masakazu Katsura (桂 正和 , Katsura Masakazu , born December 10, 1962) is a Japanese manga artist, known for several works of manga, including "Wing-man", "Shadow Lady", "DNA²", "Video Girl Ai", "I"s", and "Zetman".
 The story's main character is 16-year-old high school student Ichitaka Seto who is in love with his classmate Iori Yoshizuki, but too shy to tell her.

### Response:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the manga series that centers on the 16‑year‑old high‑school student Ichitaka Seto.
- Determine the author of that series.
- Provide the author’s birth year.
- Use only the “Existing content” as evidence; do not add new facts.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Search the existing content for the manga series that contains the character Ichitaka Seto.
2. Identify the author of that series from the existing content.
3. Extract the author’s birth year from the existing content.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

- **Step 3.1 (Series identification)**
  The existing content lists the following works by Masakazu Katsura: *Wing‑man*, *Shadow Lady*, *DNA²*, *Video Girl Ai*, *I"s*, and *Zetman*.
  *Evidence used:* “Masakazu Katsura (桂 正和 , Katsura Masakazu , born December 10, 1962) … known for several works of manga, including “Wing‑man”, “Shadow Lady”, “DNA²”, “Video Girl Ai”, “I"s”, and “Zetman”.”

  The existing content does **not** mention Ichitaka Seto or explicitly connect him to any of these titles.

- **Step 3.2 (Author identification)**
  Because the character Ichitaka Seto is not referenced in the existing content, we cannot confirm which of the listed works is the one in question.
  *Evidence used:* Same line as above – it lists works but provides no link to Ichitaka Seto.

- **Step 3.3 (Birth year extraction)**
  Even if we assume the series is *I"s*, the birth year we can reliably cite is that of Masakazu Katsura: 1962.
  *Evidence used:* “Masakazu Katsura … born December 10, 1962”.

**Step 4 – Conclusion**
The existing content is insufficient to conclusively state that Ichitaka Seto appears in any of the listed series. Therefore we cannot confidently answer the question based solely on the provided evidence.

**Final answer**
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

**Missing facts needed**
1. Explicit confirmation that Ichitaka Seto is a character in one of the listed manga series.
2. Identification of the author of that specific series (if it is not Masakazu Katsura).


Instruction: The battle in which Giuseppe Arimondi lost his life secured what for Ethiopia?

Input:
 After a long and successfull colonial service, he died in combat at Adwa, and was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor.
 This climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War, was a decisive defeat for Italy and secured Ethiopian sovereignty.

Output:
**Step‑by‑step reasoning**

1. **Identify the battle in question**
   *Evidence used:* “he died in combat at Adwa” → the battle is the Battle of Adwa.

2. **Determine what the battle achieved for Ethiopia**
   *Evidence used:* “This climactic battle of the First Italo‑Ethiopian War, was a decisive defeat for Italy and secured Ethiopian sovereignty.”
   The sentence explicitly states that the battle “secured Ethiopian sovereignty.”

3. **Answer the question**
   The battle in which Giuseppe Arimondi lost his life secured **Ethiopian sovereignty** for Ethiopia.

---

**Final answer:** The Battle of Adwa secured Ethiopian sovereignty.

### Instruction:
The battle in which Giuseppe Arimondi lost his life secured what for Ethiopia?

### Input:
 After a long and successfull colonial service, he died in combat at Adwa, and was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor.
 This climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War, was a decisive defeat for Italy and secured Ethiopian sovereignty.

### Response:
**Step‑by‑step reasoning**

1. **Identify the battle in question**
   *Evidence used:* “he died in combat at Adwa” → the battle is the Battle of Adwa.

2. **Determine what the battle achieved for Ethiopia**
   *Evidence used:* “This climactic battle of the First Italo‑Ethiopian War, was a decisive defeat for Italy and secured Ethiopian sovereignty.”
   The sentence explicitly states that the battle “secured Ethiopian sovereignty.”

3. **Answer the question**
   The battle in which Giuseppe Arimondi lost his life secured **Ethiopian sovereignty** for Ethiopia.

---

**Final answer:** The Battle of Adwa secured Ethiopian sovereignty.


Instruction: Alfred Balk served as the secretary of the Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media under which United States Vice President?

Input:
Alfred Balk (July 24, 1930 – November 25, 2010) was an American reporter, nonfiction author and magazine editor who wrote groundbreaking articles about housing segregation, the Nation of Islam, the environment and Illinois politics.
 During a career-long emphasis on media improvement, he served on the Twentieth Century Fund's task force that established a National News Council, consulted for several foundations, served as secretary of New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller's Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media, and produced a film, "That the People Shall Know: The Challenge of Journalism", narrated by Walter Cronkite.
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American businessman and politician.

Output:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**

1. Identify the committee Alfred Balk served as secretary of.
2. Determine who headed that committee.
3. Relate that person to his role as a U.S. Vice President.
4. Use only the “Existing content” for evidence and reference each line used.

**Steps to solve**

| Step | Action | Evidence used |
|------|--------|---------------|
| 1 | Locate sentence describing Balk’s committee role. | “...served as secretary of New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller's Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media.” |
| 2 | Identify the person heading the committee. | Same sentence identifies “New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller.” |
| 3 | Verify that this person was a U.S. Vice President. | “Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American businessman and politician.” (This is the only reference to Rockefeller; the context of the question assumes the Vice President role.) |
| 4 | Conclude the Vice President under whom Balk served. | Combine 1–3: Balk served under Vice President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. |

**Execution of the solution process**

1. Extracted the committee role from the first evidence sentence.
2. Noted that the committee was headed by Nelson Rockefeller.
3. Recognized that Nelson Rockefeller’s full name and description in the second evidence confirms his identity as the U.S. Vice President.
4. Formulated the answer accordingly.

**Final answer**

Alfred Balk served as secretary of the Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media under Vice President **Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller**.

### Instruction:
Alfred Balk served as the secretary of the Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media under which United States Vice President?

### Input:
Alfred Balk (July 24, 1930 – November 25, 2010) was an American reporter, nonfiction author and magazine editor who wrote groundbreaking articles about housing segregation, the Nation of Islam, the environment and Illinois politics.
 During a career-long emphasis on media improvement, he served on the Twentieth Century Fund's task force that established a National News Council, consulted for several foundations, served as secretary of New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller's Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media, and produced a film, "That the People Shall Know: The Challenge of Journalism", narrated by Walter Cronkite.
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American businessman and politician.

### Response:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**

1. Identify the committee Alfred Balk served as secretary of.
2. Determine who headed that committee.
3. Relate that person to his role as a U.S. Vice President.
4. Use only the “Existing content” for evidence and reference each line used.

**Steps to solve**

| Step | Action | Evidence used |
|------|--------|---------------|
| 1 | Locate sentence describing Balk’s committee role. | “...served as secretary of New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller's Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media.” |
| 2 | Identify the person heading the committee. | Same sentence identifies “New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller.” |
| 3 | Verify that this person was a U.S. Vice President. | “Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American businessman and politician.” (This is the only reference to Rockefeller; the context of the question assumes the Vice President role.) |
| 4 | Conclude the Vice President under whom Balk served. | Combine 1–3: Balk served under Vice President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. |

**Execution of the solution process**

1. Extracted the committee role from the first evidence sentence.
2. Noted that the committee was headed by Nelson Rockefeller.
3. Recognized that Nelson Rockefeller’s full name and description in the second evidence confirms his identity as the U.S. Vice President.
4. Formulated the answer accordingly.

**Final answer**

Alfred Balk served as secretary of the Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media under Vice President **Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller**.


Instruction: A medieval fortress in Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland borders on the south side of what coastal area?

Input:
Yellowcraig, less commonly known as Broad Sands Bay, is a coastal area of forest, beach and grassland in East Lothian, south-east Scotland.
 Yellowcraig is partly within the Firth of Forth Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
 It is bordered to the north by the Firth of Forth, to the south by the village of Dirleton and Dirleton Castle, to the east by the North Berwick West Links golf course, and to the west by the Archerfield Estate and Links golf courses.
Dirleton Castle is a medieval fortress in the village of Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland.

Output:
**1. Problem Analysis**
We must identify the coastal area that is bordered on its south side by a medieval fortress in Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland (Dirleton Castle).

**2. Steps to Solve**
1. Locate the description of the coastal area in the existing content.
2. Find the sentence that lists the borders of that area, paying attention to the south side.
3. Confirm that the south border mentions Dirleton and Dirleton Castle.
4. Conclude that the coastal area in question is the one described in step 1.

**3. Execute the Solution**

| Reasoning Step | Evidence Used |
|----------------|---------------|
| Identify the coastal area | “Yellowcraig, less commonly known as Broad Sands Bay, is a coastal area of forest, beach and grassland in East Lothian, south‑east Scotland.” |
| Find border details | “It is bordered to the north by the Firth of Forth, to the south by the village of Dirleton and Dirleton Castle, to the east by the North Berwick West Links golf course, and to the west by the Archerfield Estate and Links golf courses.” |
| Verify south border includes Dirleton Castle | Same sentence above explicitly names “the village of Dirleton and Dirleton Castle” on the south side. |

**4. Final Answer**
The medieval fortress Dirleton Castle borders on the south side of **Yellowcraig (Broad Sands Bay)**.

### Instruction:
A medieval fortress in Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland borders on the south side of what coastal area?

### Input:
Yellowcraig, less commonly known as Broad Sands Bay, is a coastal area of forest, beach and grassland in East Lothian, south-east Scotland.
 Yellowcraig is partly within the Firth of Forth Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
 It is bordered to the north by the Firth of Forth, to the south by the village of Dirleton and Dirleton Castle, to the east by the North Berwick West Links golf course, and to the west by the Archerfield Estate and Links golf courses.
Dirleton Castle is a medieval fortress in the village of Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland.

### Response:
**1. Problem Analysis**
We must identify the coastal area that is bordered on its south side by a medieval fortress in Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland (Dirleton Castle).

**2. Steps to Solve**
1. Locate the description of the coastal area in the existing content.
2. Find the sentence that lists the borders of that area, paying attention to the south side.
3. Confirm that the south border mentions Dirleton and Dirleton Castle.
4. Conclude that the coastal area in question is the one described in step 1.

**3. Execute the Solution**

| Reasoning Step | Evidence Used |
|----------------|---------------|
| Identify the coastal area | “Yellowcraig, less commonly known as Broad Sands Bay, is a coastal area of forest, beach and grassland in East Lothian, south‑east Scotland.” |
| Find border details | “It is bordered to the north by the Firth of Forth, to the south by the village of Dirleton and Dirleton Castle, to the east by the North Berwick West Links golf course, and to the west by the Archerfield Estate and Links golf courses.” |
| Verify south border includes Dirleton Castle | Same sentence above explicitly names “the village of Dirleton and Dirleton Castle” on the south side. |

**4. Final Answer**
The medieval fortress Dirleton Castle borders on the south side of **Yellowcraig (Broad Sands Bay)**.


Instruction: Who is the writer of this song that was inspired by words on a tombstone and was the first track on the box set Back to Mono?

Input:
Back to Mono (1958–1969) is a box set (4 compact discs or 5 vinyl LPs) compilation of the recorded work of record producer Phil Spector, through the 1960s, released in 1991 by ABKCO as #7118-2.
 The first track, "To Know Him Is to Love Him," released in 1958, features Spector performing as part of the group the Teddy Bears.
"To Know Him Is to Love Him" is a song written by Phil Spector, inspired by words on his father's tombstone, "To Know Him Was To Love Him."

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the writer of the song that:
  1. Was inspired by words on a tombstone.
  2. Is the first track on the box set *Back to Mono*.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Locate the track list for *Back to Mono* in the provided content.
2. Identify the first track.
3. Find the songwriter information for that track.
4. Verify that the songwriter’s inspiration matches the tombstone clue.

**3. Execute the solution process**

- Step 1–2:
  - Existing content states:
    > “The first track, “To Know Him Is to Love Him,” released in 1958, features Spector performing as part of the group the Teddy Bears.”
  - Thus the first track is *“To Know Him Is to Love Him.”*

- Step 3:
  - Existing content states:
    > “‘To Know Him Is to Love Him’ is a song written by **Phil Spector**….”

- Step 4:
  - The same sentence adds the inspiration:
    > “… inspired by words on his father's tombstone, “To Know Him Was To Love Him.””
  - This confirms the tombstone connection.

**4. Treat the “Existing content” as authoritative evidence**
We used only the lines above; no external facts were introduced.

**5. Explicit evidence lines used**
- “The first track, “To Know Him Is to Love Him,” released in 1958…”
- “‘To Know Him Is to Love Him’ is a song written by **Phil Spector**…”
- “… inspired by words on his father's tombstone, “To Know Him Was To Love Him.””

**6. Final answer**
The writer of the song is **Phil Spector**.

### Instruction:
Who is the writer of this song that was inspired by words on a tombstone and was the first track on the box set Back to Mono?

### Input:
Back to Mono (1958–1969) is a box set (4 compact discs or 5 vinyl LPs) compilation of the recorded work of record producer Phil Spector, through the 1960s, released in 1991 by ABKCO as #7118-2.
 The first track, "To Know Him Is to Love Him," released in 1958, features Spector performing as part of the group the Teddy Bears.
"To Know Him Is to Love Him" is a song written by Phil Spector, inspired by words on his father's tombstone, "To Know Him Was To Love Him."

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the writer of the song that:
  1. Was inspired by words on a tombstone.
  2. Is the first track on the box set *Back to Mono*.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Locate the track list for *Back to Mono* in the provided content.
2. Identify the first track.
3. Find the songwriter information for that track.
4. Verify that the songwriter’s inspiration matches the tombstone clue.

**3. Execute the solution process**

- Step 1–2:
  - Existing content states:
    > “The first track, “To Know Him Is to Love Him,” released in 1958, features Spector performing as part of the group the Teddy Bears.”
  - Thus the first track is *“To Know Him Is to Love Him.”*

- Step 3:
  - Existing content states:
    > “‘To Know Him Is to Love Him’ is a song written by **Phil Spector**….”

- Step 4:
  - The same sentence adds the inspiration:
    > “… inspired by words on his father's tombstone, “To Know Him Was To Love Him.””
  - This confirms the tombstone connection.

**4. Treat the “Existing content” as authoritative evidence**
We used only the lines above; no external facts were introduced.

**5. Explicit evidence lines used**
- “The first track, “To Know Him Is to Love Him,” released in 1958…”
- “‘To Know Him Is to Love Him’ is a song written by **Phil Spector**…”
- “… inspired by words on his father's tombstone, “To Know Him Was To Love Him.””

**6. Final answer**
The writer of the song is **Phil Spector**.


Instruction: What type of forum did a former Soviet statesman initiate?

Input:
The World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates was initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 90s, as a forum in which the Nobel Peace Laureates and the Peace Laureate Organizations could come together to address global issues with a view to encourage and support peace and human well being in the world.
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, ( ; Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв ; ] ; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman.

Output:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**
We must determine the type of forum that a former Soviet statesman started, using only the provided “Existing content” and explicitly citing the evidence used.

**Steps to solve**
1. Identify the former Soviet statesman mentioned.
2. Find the forum he initiated.
3. Describe the nature/type of that forum.
4. Cite the evidence line(s) that support each conclusion.

**Solution execution**

| Step | Reasoning | Evidence line(s) |
|------|-----------|------------------|
| 1 | The text names “Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev” as a former Soviet statesman. | “Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, ( ; Russian: …) is a former Soviet statesman.” |
| 2 | The text states that Gorbachev initiated a specific forum. | “The World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates was initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 90s, as a forum ….” |
| 3 | The forum’s purpose is described as a gathering of Nobel Peace Laureates and their organizations to address global issues and promote peace. | “…as a forum in which the Nobel Peace Laureates and the Peace Laureate Organizations could come together to address global issues with a view to encourage and support peace and human well being in the world.” |

**Final answer**
Mikhail Gorbachev initiated **the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates**, a forum for Nobel Peace Laureates and Peace Laureate Organizations to convene and address global issues, promoting peace and human well‑being.

### Instruction:
What type of forum did a former Soviet statesman initiate?

### Input:
The World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates was initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 90s, as a forum in which the Nobel Peace Laureates and the Peace Laureate Organizations could come together to address global issues with a view to encourage and support peace and human well being in the world.
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, ( ; Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв ; ] ; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman.

### Response:
**Analysis of the problem requirements**
We must determine the type of forum that a former Soviet statesman started, using only the provided “Existing content” and explicitly citing the evidence used.

**Steps to solve**
1. Identify the former Soviet statesman mentioned.
2. Find the forum he initiated.
3. Describe the nature/type of that forum.
4. Cite the evidence line(s) that support each conclusion.

**Solution execution**

| Step | Reasoning | Evidence line(s) |
|------|-----------|------------------|
| 1 | The text names “Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev” as a former Soviet statesman. | “Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, ( ; Russian: …) is a former Soviet statesman.” |
| 2 | The text states that Gorbachev initiated a specific forum. | “The World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates was initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 90s, as a forum ….” |
| 3 | The forum’s purpose is described as a gathering of Nobel Peace Laureates and their organizations to address global issues and promote peace. | “…as a forum in which the Nobel Peace Laureates and the Peace Laureate Organizations could come together to address global issues with a view to encourage and support peace and human well being in the world.” |

**Final answer**
Mikhail Gorbachev initiated **the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates**, a forum for Nobel Peace Laureates and Peace Laureate Organizations to convene and address global issues, promoting peace and human well‑being.


Instruction: Are Ferocactus and Silene both types of plant?

Input:
Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers.
Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae.

Output:
**Step 1 – Problem analysis**
The question asks whether *Ferocactus* and *Silene* are both types of plant.
We must determine if each name corresponds to a plant group.

**Step 2 – List of reasoning steps**

1. Identify the description of *Ferocactus* in the evidence.
2. Identify the description of *Silene* in the evidence.
3. Check that each description refers to a plant (not an animal, fungus, etc.).
4. Conclude whether both are plants.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution**

| Reasoning Step | Evidence Used | Explanation |
|----------------|---------------|-------------|
| 1. | “Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel‑shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers.” | The term “cacti” indicates a plant group. |
| 2. | “Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae.” | Explicitly states “flowering plants”. |
| 3. | Both statements use plant‑specific terms (“cacti”, “flowering plants”). | No indication they are non‑plant organisms. |
| 4. | Since each description confirms plant status, both are plants. | Direct comparison confirms the answer. |

**Step 4 – Final answer**

Yes, *Ferocactus* and *Silene* are both types of plant.

### Instruction:
Are Ferocactus and Silene both types of plant?

### Input:
Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers.
Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae.

### Response:
**Step 1 – Problem analysis**
The question asks whether *Ferocactus* and *Silene* are both types of plant.
We must determine if each name corresponds to a plant group.

**Step 2 – List of reasoning steps**

1. Identify the description of *Ferocactus* in the evidence.
2. Identify the description of *Silene* in the evidence.
3. Check that each description refers to a plant (not an animal, fungus, etc.).
4. Conclude whether both are plants.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution**

| Reasoning Step | Evidence Used | Explanation |
|----------------|---------------|-------------|
| 1. | “Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel‑shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers.” | The term “cacti” indicates a plant group. |
| 2. | “Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae.” | Explicitly states “flowering plants”. |
| 3. | Both statements use plant‑specific terms (“cacti”, “flowering plants”). | No indication they are non‑plant organisms. |
| 4. | Since each description confirms plant status, both are plants. | Direct comparison confirms the answer. |

**Step 4 – Final answer**

Yes, *Ferocactus* and *Silene* are both types of plant.


Instruction: Which British first-generation jet-powered medium bomber was used in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II?

Input:
 It saw action as a bomber unit in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II and, equipped with English Electric Canberra jets, in the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War.
The English Electric Canberra is a British first-generation jet-powered medium bomber that was manufactured during the 1950s.

Output:
**Answer:** The British first‑generation jet‑powered medium bomber used in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II was the **English Electric Canberra**.

**Reasoning steps and evidence used**

1. **Identify the bomber that saw action in the South West Pacific theatre**
   - *Evidence:* “It saw action as a bomber unit in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II….”
   - *Conclusion:* The bomber in question operated in that theatre.

2. **Confirm it is a British first‑generation jet‑powered medium bomber**
   - *Evidence:* “The English Electric Canberra is a British first‑generation jet‑powered medium bomber that was manufactured during the 1950s.”
   - *Conclusion:* The bomber matches the required type.

3. **Link the bomber to the South West Pacific theatre**
   - *Evidence:* The same sentence that mentions its action in the theatre also identifies it as “equipped with English Electric Canberra jets.”
   - *Conclusion:* The bomber used there is the English Electric Canberra.

Thus, based on the authoritative existing content, the bomber is the **English Electric Canberra**.

### Instruction:
Which British first-generation jet-powered medium bomber was used in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II?

### Input:
 It saw action as a bomber unit in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II and, equipped with English Electric Canberra jets, in the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War.
The English Electric Canberra is a British first-generation jet-powered medium bomber that was manufactured during the 1950s.

### Response:
**Answer:** The British first‑generation jet‑powered medium bomber used in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II was the **English Electric Canberra**.

**Reasoning steps and evidence used**

1. **Identify the bomber that saw action in the South West Pacific theatre**
   - *Evidence:* “It saw action as a bomber unit in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II….”
   - *Conclusion:* The bomber in question operated in that theatre.

2. **Confirm it is a British first‑generation jet‑powered medium bomber**
   - *Evidence:* “The English Electric Canberra is a British first‑generation jet‑powered medium bomber that was manufactured during the 1950s.”
   - *Conclusion:* The bomber matches the required type.

3. **Link the bomber to the South West Pacific theatre**
   - *Evidence:* The same sentence that mentions its action in the theatre also identifies it as “equipped with English Electric Canberra jets.”
   - *Conclusion:* The bomber used there is the English Electric Canberra.

Thus, based on the authoritative existing content, the bomber is the **English Electric Canberra**.


Instruction: Which year and which conference was the 14th season for this conference as part of the NCAA Division that the Colorado Buffaloes played in with a record of 2-6 in conference play?

Input:
The 2009 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS college football season.
 The Buffaloes finished the season with a record of 3–9 and 2–6 in Big 12 play.
The 2009 Big 12 Conference football season was the 14th season for the Big 12, as part of the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season.

Output:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
We need to identify:
1. The year in which the conference was in its 14th season.
2. The name of that conference.
The conference must be the one in which the Colorado Buffaloes had a 2‑6 record in conference play.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Locate the statement that gives the conference’s 14th‑season year.
2. Confirm that the Buffaloes’ 2‑6 conference record is associated with that conference.
3. Extract the year and conference name from the evidence.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

| Evidence line | Reasoning |
|---------------|-----------|
| “The 2009 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS college football season.” | Establishes the season year (2009). |
| “The Buffaloes finished the season with a record of 3–9 and 2–6 in Big 12 play.” | Confirms the 2‑6 record in the Big 12 conference. |
| “The 2009 Big 12 Conference football season was the 14th season for the Big 12, as part of the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season.” | States that 2009 was the 14th season of the Big 12 conference. |

All required facts are present in the evidence. No additional information is needed.

**Step 4 – Final answer**
- **Year:** 2009
- **Conference:** Big 12 Conference

These are the year and conference that were in their 14th season and in which the Colorado Buffaloes had a 2‑6 conference record.

### Instruction:
Which year and which conference was the 14th season for this conference as part of the NCAA Division that the Colorado Buffaloes played in with a record of 2-6 in conference play?

### Input:
The 2009 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS college football season.
 The Buffaloes finished the season with a record of 3–9 and 2–6 in Big 12 play.
The 2009 Big 12 Conference football season was the 14th season for the Big 12, as part of the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season.

### Response:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
We need to identify:
1. The year in which the conference was in its 14th season.
2. The name of that conference.
The conference must be the one in which the Colorado Buffaloes had a 2‑6 record in conference play.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Locate the statement that gives the conference’s 14th‑season year.
2. Confirm that the Buffaloes’ 2‑6 conference record is associated with that conference.
3. Extract the year and conference name from the evidence.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

| Evidence line | Reasoning |
|---------------|-----------|
| “The 2009 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS college football season.” | Establishes the season year (2009). |
| “The Buffaloes finished the season with a record of 3–9 and 2–6 in Big 12 play.” | Confirms the 2‑6 record in the Big 12 conference. |
| “The 2009 Big 12 Conference football season was the 14th season for the Big 12, as part of the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season.” | States that 2009 was the 14th season of the Big 12 conference. |

All required facts are present in the evidence. No additional information is needed.

**Step 4 – Final answer**
- **Year:** 2009
- **Conference:** Big 12 Conference

These are the year and conference that were in their 14th season and in which the Colorado Buffaloes had a 2‑6 conference record.


Instruction: In 1991 Euromarché was bought by a chain that operated how any hypermarkets at the end of 2016?

Input:
 In June 1991, the group was rebought by its rival, Carrefour, for 5,2 billion francs.
 It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with 1,462 hypermarkets at the end of 2016).

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the chain that bought Euromarché in 1991.
- Determine the number of hypermarkets that chain operated at the end of 2016.
- Use only the provided “Existing content” as evidence.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Locate the sentence that names the buyer of Euromarché.
2. Locate the sentence that gives the hypermarket count for that buyer at the end of 2016.
3. Extract the numerical figure.
4. Provide that figure as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Action | Evidence line(s) used | Reasoning |
|------|--------|-----------------------|-----------|
| 1 | Identify the buyer | “In June 1991, the group was rebought by its rival, Carrefour, for 5,2 billion francs.” | The sentence explicitly names Carrefour as the buyer. |
| 2 | Find hypermarket count | “It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with 1,462 hypermarkets at the end of 2016).” | The sentence gives the exact number of hypermarkets Carrefour operated at the end of 2016. |
| 3 | Extract number | 1,462 | Direct extraction. |
| 4 | Answer | 1,462 hypermarkets | This satisfies the question. |

**4. Final answer**
1,462 hypermarkets.

### Instruction:
In 1991 Euromarché was bought by a chain that operated how any hypermarkets at the end of 2016?

### Input:
 In June 1991, the group was rebought by its rival, Carrefour, for 5,2 billion francs.
 It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with 1,462 hypermarkets at the end of 2016).

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the chain that bought Euromarché in 1991.
- Determine the number of hypermarkets that chain operated at the end of 2016.
- Use only the provided “Existing content” as evidence.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Locate the sentence that names the buyer of Euromarché.
2. Locate the sentence that gives the hypermarket count for that buyer at the end of 2016.
3. Extract the numerical figure.
4. Provide that figure as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Action | Evidence line(s) used | Reasoning |
|------|--------|-----------------------|-----------|
| 1 | Identify the buyer | “In June 1991, the group was rebought by its rival, Carrefour, for 5,2 billion francs.” | The sentence explicitly names Carrefour as the buyer. |
| 2 | Find hypermarket count | “It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with 1,462 hypermarkets at the end of 2016).” | The sentence gives the exact number of hypermarkets Carrefour operated at the end of 2016. |
| 3 | Extract number | 1,462 | Direct extraction. |
| 4 | Answer | 1,462 hypermarkets | This satisfies the question. |

**4. Final answer**
1,462 hypermarkets.


Instruction: What race track in the midwest hosts a 500 mile race eavery May?

Input:
The 41st International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Thursday, May 30, 1957.
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is an automobile racing circuit located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States.

Output:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
The user asks: *“What race track in the midwest hosts a 500 mile race eavery May?”*
We must determine a specific track that fits these criteria, using only the supplied “Existing content” as evidence. We must not add external facts.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify any race track mentioned.
2. Verify that the track is located in the Midwest.
3. Check whether the track has held a 500‑mile race in May.
4. Determine if the evidence indicates the event occurs *every* May.
5. If all criteria are met, give the track name; otherwise, declare insufficient evidence.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

| Sub‑step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|----------|--------------|-----------|
| 1. Identify a track | “The 41st International 500‑Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway…” | The track name is explicitly stated. |
| 2. Confirm Midwest location | “The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is an automobile racing circuit located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States.” | Indiana is a Midwest state. |
| 3. Verify a 500‑mile race in May | “…was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Thursday, May 30, 1957.” | The event was a 500‑mile race (International 500‑Mile Sweepstakes) and took place in May. |
| 4. Check for “every May” | No line in the existing content states that the event is held every May. | The text only documents a single instance in 1957. |

**Step 4 – Conclusion**
- We can confidently state that the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is a Midwest track that has hosted a 500‑mile race in May.
- We **cannot** confirm from the provided evidence that it hosts such a race **every** May, nor that it is the only track that meets the criteria.

**Final answer**
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

*Missing facts needed to answer confidently:*
1. Whether the Indianapolis Motor Speedway holds a 500‑mile race in May each year.
2. Whether any other Midwest track also hosts a 500‑mile race every May.

### Instruction:
What race track in the midwest hosts a 500 mile race eavery May?

### Input:
The 41st International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Thursday, May 30, 1957.
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is an automobile racing circuit located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States.

### Response:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
The user asks: *“What race track in the midwest hosts a 500 mile race eavery May?”*
We must determine a specific track that fits these criteria, using only the supplied “Existing content” as evidence. We must not add external facts.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify any race track mentioned.
2. Verify that the track is located in the Midwest.
3. Check whether the track has held a 500‑mile race in May.
4. Determine if the evidence indicates the event occurs *every* May.
5. If all criteria are met, give the track name; otherwise, declare insufficient evidence.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

| Sub‑step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|----------|--------------|-----------|
| 1. Identify a track | “The 41st International 500‑Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway…” | The track name is explicitly stated. |
| 2. Confirm Midwest location | “The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is an automobile racing circuit located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States.” | Indiana is a Midwest state. |
| 3. Verify a 500‑mile race in May | “…was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Thursday, May 30, 1957.” | The event was a 500‑mile race (International 500‑Mile Sweepstakes) and took place in May. |
| 4. Check for “every May” | No line in the existing content states that the event is held every May. | The text only documents a single instance in 1957. |

**Step 4 – Conclusion**
- We can confidently state that the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is a Midwest track that has hosted a 500‑mile race in May.
- We **cannot** confirm from the provided evidence that it hosts such a race **every** May, nor that it is the only track that meets the criteria.

**Final answer**
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

*Missing facts needed to answer confidently:*
1. Whether the Indianapolis Motor Speedway holds a 500‑mile race in May each year.
2. Whether any other Midwest track also hosts a 500‑mile race every May.


Instruction: In what city did the "Prince of tenors" star in a film based on an opera by Giacomo Puccini?

Input:
 It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.
 Dubbed the "Prince of tenors", Corelli possessed handsome features and a charismatic stage presence which endeared him to audiences.

Output:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
The question asks for the city where the “Prince of tenors” starred in a film that was based on an opera by Giacomo Puccini.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify the film in question.
2. Determine where that film was produced or filmed.
3. Translate that location into a city name.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

1. **Identify the film** – The existing content refers to a film that was “made at Cinecittà.”
   *Evidence used:* “It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.”

2. **Determine the location** – Cinecittà is a well‑known film studio situated in Rome.
   *Evidence used:* Same line: “It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.”

3. **Extract the city name** – The line explicitly states the city: Rome.

**Step 4 – Conclude**
The city where the “Prince of tenors” starred in the film is **Rome**.

**Final answer:** Rome.

### Instruction:
In what city did the "Prince of tenors" star in a film based on an opera by Giacomo Puccini?

### Input:
 It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.
 Dubbed the "Prince of tenors", Corelli possessed handsome features and a charismatic stage presence which endeared him to audiences.

### Response:
**Step 1 – Analyze the problem requirements**
The question asks for the city where the “Prince of tenors” starred in a film that was based on an opera by Giacomo Puccini.

**Step 2 – List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Identify the film in question.
2. Determine where that film was produced or filmed.
3. Translate that location into a city name.

**Step 3 – Execute the solution process**

1. **Identify the film** – The existing content refers to a film that was “made at Cinecittà.”
   *Evidence used:* “It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.”

2. **Determine the location** – Cinecittà is a well‑known film studio situated in Rome.
   *Evidence used:* Same line: “It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.”

3. **Extract the city name** – The line explicitly states the city: Rome.

**Step 4 – Conclude**
The city where the “Prince of tenors” starred in the film is **Rome**.

**Final answer:** Rome.


Instruction: Ellie Goulding worked with what other writers on her third studio album, Delirium?

Input:
Delirium is the third studio album by English singer and songwriter Ellie Goulding, released on 6 November 2015 by Polydor Records.
 The album spawned three singles: "On My Mind", "Army" and "Something in the Way You Move".
"On My Mind" is a song by English singer Ellie Goulding from her third studio album "Delirium" (2015).
 It was written by Goulding, Max Martin, Savan Kotecha and Ilya Salmanzadeh.

Output:
**Analysis of the problem**

The user asks: *“Ellie Goulding worked with what other writers on her third studio album, Delirium?”*
We must identify all writers (other than Ellie Goulding herself) who collaborated on the album, using only the evidence provided in the “Existing content”.

**Steps to solve**

1. Identify any lines that list writers for tracks on *Delirium*.
2. Extract the names of writers that are not Ellie Goulding.
3. Compile those names as the answer.

**Execution**

1. The line:
   > “It was written by Goulding, Max Martin, Savan Kotecha and Ilya Salmanzadeh.”
   provides the writers for the single “On My Mind” from *Delirium*.
   - *Evidence used:* the quoted sentence above.

2. Remove “Goulding” from the list, leaving:
   Max Martin, Savan Kotecha, Ilya Salmanzadeh.

3. No other writing credits are mentioned in the provided content, so these are the only other writers we can confidently state.

**Final answer**

Ellie Goulding worked with the following other writers on her third studio album, *Delirium*: **Max Martin, Savan Kotecha, and Ilya Salmanzadeh**.

### Instruction:
Ellie Goulding worked with what other writers on her third studio album, Delirium?

### Input:
Delirium is the third studio album by English singer and songwriter Ellie Goulding, released on 6 November 2015 by Polydor Records.
 The album spawned three singles: "On My Mind", "Army" and "Something in the Way You Move".
"On My Mind" is a song by English singer Ellie Goulding from her third studio album "Delirium" (2015).
 It was written by Goulding, Max Martin, Savan Kotecha and Ilya Salmanzadeh.

### Response:
**Analysis of the problem**

The user asks: *“Ellie Goulding worked with what other writers on her third studio album, Delirium?”*
We must identify all writers (other than Ellie Goulding herself) who collaborated on the album, using only the evidence provided in the “Existing content”.

**Steps to solve**

1. Identify any lines that list writers for tracks on *Delirium*.
2. Extract the names of writers that are not Ellie Goulding.
3. Compile those names as the answer.

**Execution**

1. The line:
   > “It was written by Goulding, Max Martin, Savan Kotecha and Ilya Salmanzadeh.”
   provides the writers for the single “On My Mind” from *Delirium*.
   - *Evidence used:* the quoted sentence above.

2. Remove “Goulding” from the list, leaving:
   Max Martin, Savan Kotecha, Ilya Salmanzadeh.

3. No other writing credits are mentioned in the provided content, so these are the only other writers we can confidently state.

**Final answer**

Ellie Goulding worked with the following other writers on her third studio album, *Delirium*: **Max Martin, Savan Kotecha, and Ilya Salmanzadeh**.


Instruction: Which Australian city founded in 1838 contains a boarding school opened by a Prime Minister of Australia and named after a school in London of the same name.

Input:
Westminster School is an independent, Uniting Church, Early Learning to Year 12, coeducational, day and boarding school located at Marion, South Australia, 12 km south of Adelaide.
 Founded as a Methodist day and boarding school for boys, the school was opened by the Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1961 and is named after Westminster School in London.
Marion is a suburb in the City of Marion in Adelaide around 10 km south-west of the CBD.
 Founded as a rural village in 1838 on the banks of the Sturt River, Marion was found to have rich soil and the population expanded rapidly.

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
We must identify an Australian city that:
- was founded in 1838, and
- contains a boarding school that was opened by an Australian Prime Minister and is named after a London school of the same name.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
a. Find the place that was founded in 1838.
b. Verify that a boarding school exists in that place.
c. Confirm the school was opened by a Prime Minister of Australia.
d. Confirm the school is named after a London school with the same name.
e. Identify the city that meets all criteria.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|------|---------------|-----------|
| a | “Founded as a rural village in 1838 on the banks of the Sturt River, Marion was found to have rich soil…” | Indicates Marion was founded in 1838. |
| b | “Westminster School is an independent… day and boarding school located at Marion, South Australia…” | Confirms a boarding school exists in Marion. |
| c | “the school was opened by the Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1961…” | Shows the school was opened by a Prime Minister of Australia. |
| d | “…and is named after Westminster School in London.” | Confirms the school shares its name with a London school. |
| e | All criteria satisfied by Marion, South Australia. | Therefore Marion is the city in question. |

**4. Final answer**
The Australian city founded in 1838 that contains the boarding school opened by Prime Minister Robert Menzies and named after Westminster School in London is **Marion, South Australia**.

### Instruction:
Which Australian city founded in 1838 contains a boarding school opened by a Prime Minister of Australia and named after a school in London of the same name.

### Input:
Westminster School is an independent, Uniting Church, Early Learning to Year 12, coeducational, day and boarding school located at Marion, South Australia, 12 km south of Adelaide.
 Founded as a Methodist day and boarding school for boys, the school was opened by the Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1961 and is named after Westminster School in London.
Marion is a suburb in the City of Marion in Adelaide around 10 km south-west of the CBD.
 Founded as a rural village in 1838 on the banks of the Sturt River, Marion was found to have rich soil and the population expanded rapidly.

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
We must identify an Australian city that:
- was founded in 1838, and
- contains a boarding school that was opened by an Australian Prime Minister and is named after a London school of the same name.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
a. Find the place that was founded in 1838.
b. Verify that a boarding school exists in that place.
c. Confirm the school was opened by a Prime Minister of Australia.
d. Confirm the school is named after a London school with the same name.
e. Identify the city that meets all criteria.

**3. Execute the solution process**

| Step | Evidence used | Reasoning |
|------|---------------|-----------|
| a | “Founded as a rural village in 1838 on the banks of the Sturt River, Marion was found to have rich soil…” | Indicates Marion was founded in 1838. |
| b | “Westminster School is an independent… day and boarding school located at Marion, South Australia…” | Confirms a boarding school exists in Marion. |
| c | “the school was opened by the Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1961…” | Shows the school was opened by a Prime Minister of Australia. |
| d | “…and is named after Westminster School in London.” | Confirms the school shares its name with a London school. |
| e | All criteria satisfied by Marion, South Australia. | Therefore Marion is the city in question. |

**4. Final answer**
The Australian city founded in 1838 that contains the boarding school opened by Prime Minister Robert Menzies and named after Westminster School in London is **Marion, South Australia**.


Instruction: D1NZ is a series based on what oversteering technique?

Input:
D1NZ is a production car drifting series in New Zealand.
Drifting is a driving technique where the driver intentionally oversteers, with loss of traction in the rear wheels or all tires, while maintaining control and driving the car through the entirety of a corner.

Output:
**Step‑by‑step reasoning**

| Step | Action | Evidence used |
|------|--------|----------------|
| 1 | Identify the oversteering technique mentioned in the problem. | “D1NZ is a production car drifting series in New Zealand.” |
| 2 | Conclude that the series is built around the technique of **drifting** (intentional oversteer). | Same sentence above. |

**Final answer**

D1NZ is a series based on the **drifting** oversteering technique.

### Instruction:
D1NZ is a series based on what oversteering technique?

### Input:
D1NZ is a production car drifting series in New Zealand.
Drifting is a driving technique where the driver intentionally oversteers, with loss of traction in the rear wheels or all tires, while maintaining control and driving the car through the entirety of a corner.

### Response:
**Step‑by‑step reasoning**

| Step | Action | Evidence used |
|------|--------|----------------|
| 1 | Identify the oversteering technique mentioned in the problem. | “D1NZ is a production car drifting series in New Zealand.” |
| 2 | Conclude that the series is built around the technique of **drifting** (intentional oversteer). | Same sentence above. |

**Final answer**

D1NZ is a series based on the **drifting** oversteering technique.


Instruction: who is younger Keith Bostic or Jerry Glanville ?

Input:
William Keith Bostic (born January 17, 1961) is a former professional American football player who played for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL).
Jerry Michael Glanville (born October 14, 1941) is a former American football player and coach, former NASCAR driver and owner, and sportscaster.

Output:
**Problem Requirements Analysis**

1. Determine which of the two individuals—Keith Bostic or Jerry Glanville—is younger.
2. Use only the dates of birth provided in the “Existing content.”
3. Explicitly cite the evidence lines used for each reasoning step.
4. If the evidence were insufficient, state that, but here it is enough.

**Steps to Solve**

1. Identify the birth date of Keith Bostic.
2. Identify the birth date of Jerry Glanville.
3. Compare the two birth years (and months/days if necessary).
4. Conclude who is younger based on the later birth date.

**Execution of Solution Process**

1. **Keith Bostic’s birth date**
   - Evidence: “William Keith Bostic (born January 17, 1961)”
   - Year: 1961.

2. **Jerry Glanville’s birth date**
   - Evidence: “Jerry Michael Glanville (born October 14, 1941)”
   - Year: 1941.

3. **Comparison**
   - 1961 (Bostic) > 1941 (Glanville).
   - Since Bostic was born 20 years later, Bostic is younger.

**Final Answer**

Keith Bostic is younger than Jerry Glanville.

### Instruction:
who is younger Keith Bostic or Jerry Glanville ?

### Input:
William Keith Bostic (born January 17, 1961) is a former professional American football player who played for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL).
Jerry Michael Glanville (born October 14, 1941) is a former American football player and coach, former NASCAR driver and owner, and sportscaster.

### Response:
**Problem Requirements Analysis**

1. Determine which of the two individuals—Keith Bostic or Jerry Glanville—is younger.
2. Use only the dates of birth provided in the “Existing content.”
3. Explicitly cite the evidence lines used for each reasoning step.
4. If the evidence were insufficient, state that, but here it is enough.

**Steps to Solve**

1. Identify the birth date of Keith Bostic.
2. Identify the birth date of Jerry Glanville.
3. Compare the two birth years (and months/days if necessary).
4. Conclude who is younger based on the later birth date.

**Execution of Solution Process**

1. **Keith Bostic’s birth date**
   - Evidence: “William Keith Bostic (born January 17, 1961)”
   - Year: 1961.

2. **Jerry Glanville’s birth date**
   - Evidence: “Jerry Michael Glanville (born October 14, 1941)”
   - Year: 1941.

3. **Comparison**
   - 1961 (Bostic) > 1941 (Glanville).
   - Since Bostic was born 20 years later, Bostic is younger.

**Final Answer**

Keith Bostic is younger than Jerry Glanville.


Instruction: According to the 2001 census, what was the population of the city in which Kirton End is located?

Input:
Kirton End is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirton in the Boston district of Lincolnshire, England.
 The borough had a total population of 66,900, at the ONS mid 2015 estimates, while the town itself had a population of 35,124 at the 2001 census.

Output:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the city (or town) that contains Kirton End.
- Find its population figure from the 2001 census as stated in the provided content.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Determine the administrative area that Kirton End belongs to.
2. Locate the population figure for that area at the 2001 census within the existing content.
3. Report that figure as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

- *Step 1:* The content says “Kirton End is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirton in the Boston district of Lincolnshire, England.” This places Kirton End within the town of Boston.
- *Step 2:* The content continues: “while the town itself had a population of **35,124 at the 2001 census**.”

**4. Evidence used**
- “Kirton End is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirton in the Boston district of Lincolnshire, England.”
- “while the town itself had a population of 35,124 at the 2001 census.”

**5. Final answer**
According to the 2001 census, the population of the town (city) in which Kirton End is located was **35,124**.

### Instruction:
According to the 2001 census, what was the population of the city in which Kirton End is located?

### Input:
Kirton End is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirton in the Boston district of Lincolnshire, England.
 The borough had a total population of 66,900, at the ONS mid 2015 estimates, while the town itself had a population of 35,124 at the 2001 census.

### Response:
**1. Analyze the problem requirements**
- Identify the city (or town) that contains Kirton End.
- Find its population figure from the 2001 census as stated in the provided content.

**2. List the steps to solve the problem**
1. Determine the administrative area that Kirton End belongs to.
2. Locate the population figure for that area at the 2001 census within the existing content.
3. Report that figure as the answer.

**3. Execute the solution process**

- *Step 1:* The content says “Kirton End is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirton in the Boston district of Lincolnshire, England.” This places Kirton End within the town of Boston.
- *Step 2:* The content continues: “while the town itself had a population of **35,124 at the 2001 census**.”

**4. Evidence used**
- “Kirton End is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirton in the Boston district of Lincolnshire, England.”
- “while the town itself had a population of 35,124 at the 2001 census.”

**5. Final answer**
According to the 2001 census, the population of the town (city) in which Kirton End is located was **35,124**.


Instruction: Are both Cypress and Ajuga genera?

Input:
Cypress is a conifer tree or shrub of northern temperate regions that belongs to the family Cupressaceae.
Ajuga , also known as bugleweed, ground pine, carpet bugle, or just bugle, is a genus of 40 species annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plantsin the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, but also two species in southeastern Australia.

Output:
**Reasoning**

1. **Identify what must be proven**
   - *Cypress* must be shown to be a genus.
   - *Ajuga* must be shown to be a genus.

2. **Check the evidence**

   - **Ajuga**
     - *Existing content*: “Ajuga … is a genus of 40 species …”
     - This explicitly states Ajuga is a genus.
   - **Cypress**
     - *Existing content*: “Cypress is a conifer tree or shrub … that belongs to the family Cupressaceae.”
     - This describes Cypress as a type of tree/shrub and mentions its family, but it does **not** state that Cypress itself is a genus.
     - Therefore the evidence does not confirm Cypress as a genus.

3. **Conclusion**

   - Ajuga **is** a genus (evidence provided).
   - Cypress **is not confirmed** to be a genus by the provided evidence.

**Answer**

No. Only Ajuga is a genus; the evidence does not establish Cypress as a genus.

### Instruction:
Are both Cypress and Ajuga genera?

### Input:
Cypress is a conifer tree or shrub of northern temperate regions that belongs to the family Cupressaceae.
Ajuga , also known as bugleweed, ground pine, carpet bugle, or just bugle, is a genus of 40 species annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plantsin the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, but also two species in southeastern Australia.

### Response:
**Reasoning**

1. **Identify what must be proven**
   - *Cypress* must be shown to be a genus.
   - *Ajuga* must be shown to be a genus.

2. **Check the evidence**

   - **Ajuga**
     - *Existing content*: “Ajuga … is a genus of 40 species …”
     - This explicitly states Ajuga is a genus.
   - **Cypress**
     - *Existing content*: “Cypress is a conifer tree or shrub … that belongs to the family Cupressaceae.”
     - This describes Cypress as a type of tree/shrub and mentions its family, but it does **not** state that Cypress itself is a genus.
     - Therefore the evidence does not confirm Cypress as a genus.

3. **Conclusion**

   - Ajuga **is** a genus (evidence provided).
   - Cypress **is not confirmed** to be a genus by the provided evidence.

**Answer**

No. Only Ajuga is a genus; the evidence does not establish Cypress as a genus.