Taxonomy
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15 values
Scenario
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7
31
Risk Description
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30
122
Priority
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1
3
Control Name
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9
40
Control Activities
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58
162
COBIT Objectives
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5 values
Attribution
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1 value
Related Standards
stringclasses
1 value
Strategy
Strategy deficiency
Wasted resources and reputational damage due to lack of clear enterprise-wide AI strategy.
1
Enterprise AI strategy
Develop and implement a comprehensive enterprise-wide AI strategy aligning with business objectives. Establish governance structures, roles, and responsibilities.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Strategy
Misaligned strategy
Missed opportunities due to insufficient stakeholder engagement, leading to AI systems that do not support business goals.
1
Stakeholder alignment
Establish stakeholder engagement processes. Develop communication protocols to ensure continuous alignment between AI projects and business objectives.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Misaligned ethics
Reputational damage due to AI decisions conflicting with organizational ethical values.
1
Responsible AI principles
Develop AI ethics guidelines, establish an ethics review board, and integrate ethical considerations into design and deployment.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Overconfidence in automation
Wasted resources due to unrealistic expectations and overconfidence in AI capabilities.
1
Capability and limitations communication
Communicate limitations and potential risks of AI. Avoid overstating capabilities to ensure realistic expectations.
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Governance erosion
Weakened control due to AI impacts on existing governance, leading to reduced control over data processing.
1
Control integration
Update governance frameworks to incorporate AI-specific considerations. Ensure alignment with established policies and risk protocols.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Compliance failure
Regulatory penalties and reputational damage due to non-compliance with AI regulations.
1
Compliance audit
Regularly test, audit, monitor and assess control compliance of AI systems with internal policies and external regulations.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Vendor lock-In
Limited flexibility due to lack of exit strategies, leading to dependence on single vendors.
1
Exit planning
Include exit strategy considerations in design and procurement. Ensure ability to migrate to alternative providers.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Trust deficit
Limited innovation due to lack of trust in AI technologies, restricting deployment.
2
AI framework
Document capabilities, provide clear explanations of decisions, and establish processes for independent verification.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Communication breakdown
Ineffective governance due to lack of common AI language, leading to misunderstandings.
2
AI glossary management
Develop and maintain a glossary of AI terms. Ensure consistent use of terminology across the organization.
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Governance
Ownership vacuum
Unauthorized development and security breaches due to lack of defined ownership.
2
Operating model definition
Establish clear roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities for AI initiatives and ensure segregation of duties.
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Decision-making
Risk integration gap
Unmanaged AI risks due to failure to integrate risk assessment into the AI framework.
1
Mandatory risk and impact assessments
Mandate systematic identification, evaluation, and management of AI risks. Include quantitative model impact assessments.
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Decision-making
AI model risk exposure
Inadequate quantitative model risk management leading to inaccurate models and financial losses.
1
Quantitative risk model
Implement quantitative model risk management. Conduct impact assessments and statistical analyses of model accuracy.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
People
Resource misalignment
Staffing inefficiencies due to unclear resourcing requirements in AI strategy.
1
Staff planning
Define and document human resource requirements including recruitment, role profiles, and training.
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
People
Talent flight
Ineffective AI systems due to poor development and retention of human talent.
1
Talent alignment
Establish HR processes to recruit, develop, and retain talent aligned with AI strategy.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
People
Knowledge deficit
Ineffective operations and poor incident response due to insufficient knowledge retention.
1
Knowledge continuity
Assign individuals to sustainment functions. Ensure knowledge retention through formal management practices.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Architecture
Unexplainability
Inability to explain AI decisions due to lack of interpretability functionality.
1
Explainability by design
Integrate explainability into requirements. Ensure explanations are clear and accessible. Document explainability features.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Architecture
Incompatibilities
Operational issues due to integration, scalability, and compatibility failures.
1
Compatibility testing
Perform compatibility testing for software, hardware, and networks. Conduct scalability assessments and stress testing.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Architecture
Misaligned architecture
Inefficient automation due to undefined AI architecture preventing unified solutions.
2
Architecture alignment
Define enterprise AI architecture including preferred technologies, security controls, and monitoring requirements.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Architecture
Segregation deficiency
Security/integrity losses due to lack of architectural segregation in cloud/multi-tenant envs.
2
Architectural segregation
Enforce segregation of AI system components and data from other infrastructure. Ensure data integrity via audits.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Architecture
Unavailability
Business disruption due to insufficient availability of AI systems.
2
High availability
Implement architecture for resilience. Define availability metrics, redundancy plans, and reliability testing.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Architecture
Ineffective security
Vulnerabilities due to failure to embed 'security by design' principles.
3
Security by design
Embed security policies in architecture and development. Ensure adherence to security standards.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Architecture
License noncompliance
Legal/financial losses due to non-compliance with software licenses.
3
License management
Establish license management system. Track usage, renewals, and compliance with vendor requirements.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Poor hypothesis
Unreliable AI outcomes due to poor hypothesis quality and inadequate governance.
1
Hypothesis testing
Require approval of hypotheses based on predefined criteria. Regular reviews for relevance.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Poor algorithms
Ineffective performance due to poor algorithm quality and inadequate controls.
1
Algorithmic controls
Enforce governance policies for algorithm development. Document standards and validation procedures.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Flawed logics
Unreliable outputs due to flawed logic or inaccurate model parameters.
1
Logic validation
Establish rigorous logic validation procedures. Document logic and parameters. Require approval for changes.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Data accuracy failures
Inaccurate data resulting in erroneous outputs due to failure to maintain standards.
1
Data accuracy verification
Enforce data accuracy verification standards. Document validation, error detection, and correction processes.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Unallocated roles
Regulatory/operational failures due to unclear data governance roles.
2
Data ownership
Establish roles for data governance (owners, stewards). audit adherence to roles.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Data corruption
Business disruption due to data corruption from unintended system interactions.
2
Data integrity monitoring
Monitor data interactions. Log all interactions and alert on corruption. Require approval for source changes.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Integration failure
Operational failure due to corrupted inputs/outputs from external system interactions.
2
Integration testing
Enforce integration testing for inputs/outputs. Monitor for anomalies and remediate corrupted data.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Poor data
Ineffective AI systems due to poor quality of learning or production data.
2
Data governance
Implement quality checks on learning and production data. Document cleaning procedures and approvals.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Incomplete inputs
Incorrect outcomes due to use of inaccurate or incomplete data.
2
Data completeness control
Ensure completeness of inputs. Document selection and validation processes. Audit data integrity.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Lifecycle
Inaccurate results
Losses due to models not accurately reflecting underlying parameters.
3
Model validation
Implement validation protocols including sensitivity analysis and benchmarks. Monitor for model drift.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Project
Operational misalignment
Misalignment with organizational goals due to lack of strategic alignment.
2
Business case
Establish framework to ensure AI initiatives support goals. Formal approval of AI business cases.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Project
Problem mismatch
Financial losses due to mismatch between business problem and model design.
2
Iterative development
Adopt iterative approaches (Agile). Use prototyping to identify mismatches early.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Project
Management gap
Failure to meet requirements due to poor project management.
2
Program management
Implement program management methodology. Track resources, timelines, and stakeholder engagement.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Project
Poor benefits
Unmet strategic goals due to failure to track ROI and benefits.
3
Impact value
Develop benefits management framework. Track metrics for short/long term benefits realization.
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Project
Assurance deficit
Project failures due to lack of independent assurance over objectives.
3
Assurance
Engage independent assurance function. Report on quality, costs, compliance, and controls.
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Design flaw
Unsuccessful delivery due to poor design/development methodology.
1
Development standards
Establish AI development standards integrated with broader IT standards. Ensure consistent application.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Inaccurate model
Losses due to lack of detailed model universe definition.
1
Model universe
Define the AI model universe (data sources, quality, assumptions). Update regularly.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Variable misalignment
Incorrect results due to inappropriate variable relationships (correlation vs causality).
1
Relationship modeling
Ensure relationships between variables and hypotheses are defined correctly. Distinguish correlation/causality.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Overfitting
Model performs well on training data but poorly on new data due to complexity.
1
Overfitting mitigation
Design algorithms to prevent overfitting. Document designs and test on unseen data.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Learning bias
Discriminatory outcomes due to data bias in learning data.
1
Bias mitigation
Implement controls for sensitivities (race/gender/etc). Document evaluation and bias checks.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
To-be inaccuracy
Failure to meet needs due to poor knowledge of To-Be processes.
2
To-be analysis
Maintain documentation of user stories and process flows. Ensure approval by sponsors.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Insufficient segregation
Failures during deployment due to insufficient testing in production-like environments.
2
Environment segregation
Maintain separate Dev, QA, and Prod environments. Test in environment identical to production.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Temporal misalignment
Incorrect insights due to misalignment of data time scales.
2
Synchronization verification
Ensure sourced data aligns with AI system time scale. Document synchronization processes.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Data duplication
Incorrect insights/wasted resources due to processing duplicate data.
2
Duplication mitigation
Prevent processing of same data multiple times. Implement file/data validation checks.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
AutoML issues
Model complexity/lack of transparency due to Automated ML usage.
2
AutoML guides
Develop guidelines for AutoML usage. Assess complexity vs performance. Integrate explainability tools.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
As-is ignorance
Suboptimal automation design due to poor knowledge of As-Is processes.
3
As-is analysis
Document pre-automation process narratives/flowcharts including exceptions.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Undefined controls
Increased vulnerabilities due to undefined risks and controls.
3
Control matrix
Maintain risk-based control matrix covering solution, interfaces, and management processes.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Control gap
Operational risks due to controls not being implemented in the solution.
3
Control testing
Test that internal controls are developed/configured in line with design.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Weak traceability
Audit challenges due to bot activities not being traceable.
3
Bot identification
Assign unique identifiers (e.g., static IP) to bots to trace activities.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
Improper testing
Operational disruptions due to insufficient testing and go-live strategy.
3
Testing execution
Define testing and go-live strategy including migration and contingency. Collect evidence of testing logs.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Development
User acceptance deficiency
Misaligned solutions due to inadequate UAT without business input.
3
Test approvals
Conduct UAT with business input. Maintain records of feedback and approvals.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
Resource laxity
Inefficient resource use/costs due to inadequate control over unpredictable AI demands.
2
Project monitoring
Monitor IT resource demands closely. Prevent inefficient use and increased costs.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
Error oversight
Unauthorized changes/data loss due to undetected system errors.
2
Incident management
Establish consistent incident management procedures. Ensure timely resolution and escalation.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
Undetected error
Delayed incident resolution due to lacking procedures.
2
Error resolution
Perform timely processing of exceptions. Monitor for interruptions and completeness.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
Unsupported jobs
Delayed resolution due to inconsistent job monitoring.
2
Job monitoring
Implement job monitoring to ensure completeness/timeliness. Identify interruptions.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
Capacity issues
Inability to meet demand due to inadequate capacity management.
2
Capacity management
Implement availability/capacity management. Embed scalability in design.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
Performance drift
Accuracy degradation due to lack of stability checks and drift monitoring.
2
Stability monitoring
Implement stability checks. Detect data/concept drift. Ensure ongoing validation.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
Shadow AI
Misalignment with strategy due to unknown AI solutions (Shadow IT).
3
AI inventory
Maintain up-to-date inventory of all AI platforms/solutions and dependencies.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
IP loss
Theft of IP/Code held by third parties.
3
IP protection
Establish repository of IP. Secure backups. Mitigate risk in external interactions.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Operations
AI component blindness
Ineffective controls due to lacking understanding of IT components.
3
Configuration management
Maintain CMDB to understand components and relationships. Update via change management.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Monitoring
Outcome blindness
Not achieving results due to insufficient monitoring of behavior against ethics/business needs.
1
Outcome monitoring
Regularly review outcomes using analytics. Ensure alignment with ethical requirements. Maintain audit trails.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Monitoring
Monitoring ineffectiveness
Reduced effectiveness due to inadequate monitoring of AI operations.
1
Operational monitoring
Real-time monitoring/alerting for anomalies. Detailed logging. Establish KPIs/KRIs.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Monitoring
Undetected issues
Financial/compliance losses due to lack of post-deployment monitoring.
1
Post-deployment monitoring
Framework for metrics/thresholds. Automated monitoring tools for anomalies. Review KPIs regularly.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Monitoring
Control override
Financial loss if automated stop/loss controls fail.
2
Automated stop/loss
Design stop/loss controls. Implement override process for exceptions with checks.
Monitor, Evaluate and Assess
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Security
Lack of auditability
Inability to validate outcomes due to unsecured storage.
1
Auditability
Securely store data/algorithms. Comply with privacy/retention regulations. 'Vault principle'.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Security
Unauthorized access
Losses due to inappropriate changes to learning data.
2
Data access
Securely configure input datasets. Prevent unauthorized changes. Validate data input.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Security
Security breach
Data loss due to inconsistent security management.
3
Cyber security
Consistent security management across code/infrastructure/data. Align with ISO 27001.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Security
Malware attack
Harm due to undetected malware in AI environment.
3
Malware protection
Malware protection systems. Monitor patches. Protect self-learning components.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Security
Data breach
Data loss due to insecure temporary files.
3
Encryption
Encrypt code, storage, and network communications. Document protocols.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Security
Vulnerability blindness
Losses due to undetected weaknesses.
3
Vulnerability testing
Periodic penetration tests and Red-team reviews. Test sensors/monitoring.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Compromised bot
Unauthorized actions due to inadequate tracking of Bot accounts.
3
Bot control
Assign unique accounts to Bots. Track usage. Compensating controls for shared accounts.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Compromised user
Tampering with logic due to inadequate access controls.
3
User control
Unique accounts for humans. Restrict access to logic/algorithms.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Excessive bot access
Unauthorized access due to excessive rights assigned to Bots.
3
Bot access authorization
Assign Bot rights on 'need to have' basis. Constrain to specific transactions.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Excessive user access
Unauthorized access due to excessive rights assigned to users.
3
User access authorization
Assign user rights on 'need to have' basis. Constrain access to Bot environment.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Inadequate account provisioning
Unauthorized access due to lack of formal approval.
3
Account provisioning
Procedures for creating accounts/assigning privileges. Require formal business approval.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Inadequate access revocation
Unauthorized access due to failure to delete accounts.
3
Access revocation
Timely deletion/locking of accounts when no longer needed.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Undetected bot access
Unauthorized access due to lack of review of Bot privileges.
3
Bot access review
Periodic reviews of Bot access/privileges. Act on exceptions.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Undetected user access
Unauthorized access due to lack of review of user privileges.
3
User access review
Periodic reviews of user access/privileges. Act on exceptions.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Excessive privileged access
Unauthorized access due to excessive privileged rights.
3
Privileged access authorization
Restrict powerful accounts to admins. Use secure networks/encryption/MFA.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Segregation of duties conflicts
Unauthorized access due to conflicting access rights.
3
Access segregation
Ensure SoD compliance. Prevent single individuals from creating accounts AND approving changes.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Weak authentication
Unauthorized access due to weak passwords/biometrics.
3
Authentication
Strong auth controls (MFA, password complexity) for all accounts including automation.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Access
Unauthorized third-party access
Unauthorized access due to inadequate third-party controls.
3
Third-party control
Subject third parties to same controls as regular users. Monitor access.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Change management
Collateral IT impact
Disruptions to other services due to AI changes.
1
IT Impact assessment
Mandate impact analysis for all changes. Require integration testing.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Change management
Inadequate ongoing testing
Missed defects due to insufficient post-implementation testing.
1
Testing protocol
Establish comprehensive testing protocols. Pre- and post-implementation tests.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Change management
Undetected errors
Operational failures due to lack of automated monitoring for changes.
2
Automated error monitoring
Deploy automated tools to test/validate after changes. Detect errors in real-time.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Change management
Unauthorized changes
Disruptions/vulnerabilities due to lack of change management.
3
Change management
Enforce formal change management. Document risk assessment and approvals.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Change management
Untracked modifications
Performance degradation due to untracked modifications.
3
Modification logging
Log all changes in real-time. Reconcile logs with change records.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Change management
Poor change
Degraded performance due to poor change control.
3
Change control
Strict change control procedures. Review, test, and approve all changes.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Change management
Insufficient validations
Unreliable outcomes due to insufficient validation of changes.
3
Validation procedure
Require pre-deployment tests (functional/security/performance). Document results.
Build, Acquire and Implement
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Third-party
Black box solution
Disruption due to insufficient understanding of logic/IP.
2
Contract review
Define IP ownership and escrow agreements. Ensure right to audit.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Third-party
Third-party default
Losses due to vendors with low control maturity.
3
Due diligence
Subject 3rd parties to same controls or external assurance (ISAE 3402).
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Third-party
Third-party dependency
Disruption due to single supplier concentration risk.
3
Third-party segmentation
Categorize suppliers by criticality. Implement contingency plans and backup suppliers.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Third-party
Shadow third-party
Control failures due to unknown vendors.
3
Third party management
Maintain inventory of all 3rd party providers. Integrate into risk/compliance planning.
Align, Plan and Organize
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Business continuity
Inability to recover
Losses due to inability to roll back to last known good state.
1
Roll-Back
Establish roll-back mechanism. Ensure availability of cleansed data for retraining.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Business continuity
Ineffective backhups
Losses due to lack of backups.
1
Backup restoration
Maintain backups/snapshots of AI system and learning data. Test restoration.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Business continuity
Ineffective fallback
Disruptions due to lack of alternative processing facilities.
2
Fallback facility
Establish alternative IT infrastructure and operational capabilities.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Business continuity
Fragility
Prolonged disruption due to lack of continuity plans.
3
Continuity planning
Develop BCP aligned with ISO 22301. Integrate with enterprise BCM.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019
Business continuity
Ineffective response
Ineffective response due to lack of testing/training.
3
Continuity testing
Perform regular BCP simulations. Train staff for crisis conditions.
Deliver, Service and Support
Prof. Hernan Huwyler
ISO/IEC 42001, ISO/IEC 42005, COBIT 2019