Search Results (singles)'' . Recording Industry Association of America . Archived from the original on February 25, 2012 . Retrieved April 4, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Best Selling Records of 2000'' . Billboard. 113 (6). February 10, 2001. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 4, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hot 100 Singles & Tracks'' . Billboard. 112 (53): YE-46. December 30, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Rainbow Billboard Singles -- Mariah Carey'' . Allmusic . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hits of the World'' . Billboard. 112 (7): 46. February 12, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hits of the World'' . Billboard. 112 (8): 48. February 19, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hits of the World'' . Billboard. 112 (9): 52. February 26, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hits of the World'' . Billboard. 112 (10): 65. March 4, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 25, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . australian-charts.com . Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . charts.org.nz . Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Archive Chart'' . Top 40 Official UK Singles . The Official Charts Company . Archived from the original on February 17, 2011 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: `` Mariah Carey -- Thank God I Found You'' . ChartStats . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . ultratop.be . Ultratop & Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . ultratop.be . Ultratop & Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . lescharts.com . Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . dutchcharts.nl . Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Chartverfolgung/Carey, Mariah/Single'' (in German). musicline.de PhonoNet . Retrieved January 21, 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . swedishcharts.com . Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Search The Charts'' . The Irish Charts . Irish Recorded Music Association . Retrieved October 23, 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . hitparade.ch . Hitparade & Hung Medien . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Production Notes'' . Billboard. 111 (51): 93. December 18, 1999. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 29, 2011 . Jump up ^ Bream, Jon (September 13, 1999). `` Music was the main game; With Vikings game in the background, hot bands please Last Chance fans'' . Star Tribune . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` KDWB's Last Chance Summer Dance -- Sold Out; Mariah Carey to Make Special Concert Appearance'' . PR Newswire . September 8, 1999 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ Gill, John (October 15, 1999). `` Mariah compares new single to ' One Sweet Day ' '' . MTV . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah hires Sanaa Hamri for new video'' . MariahCarey.com. October 7, 2001 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah Carey hangs out in a Hamburg bar for new video'' . Radio Undercover . National Library of Australia and Partners. Archived from the original on September 5, 2000 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: Shapiro 2001 , pp. 133-- 134 Jump up ^ `` Nails are sharp with publicity after five-year hiatus, Rockers release lengthy ' The Fragile' , and hope it makes up for long wait'' . Akron Beacon Journal . September 12, 1999 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: `` V Live -- Mariah Carey'' . Vibe. 8 (3): 78. January 17, 2000. ISSN 1070-4701 . Retrieved April 3, 2011 . Jump up ^ Basham, David (January 14, 2000). `` Mariah Carey to receive Prestigious Award of Achievement'' . MTV . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ Fusco, Tiberio (January 31, 2000). `` Tutti pazzi per MariahMa lei ama solo Luis'' (in Italian). Milano: Quotidiano.net . Poligrafici Editoriale. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011 . Retrieved July 7, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: Argenson 2010 , pp. 44-- 48 ^ Jump up to: Argenson 2010 , pp. 54-- 58 ^ Jump up to: `` Xscape: Mariah Carey Sued by Songwriters'' . VH1 . September 19, 2000 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ Jonhson, Elon. `` Mariah faces lawsuit over `` Thank God I Found You '' `` . MTV . Retrieved December 21, 2010 . Jump up ^ M. Raftery, Brian; Valby, Karen (September 29, 2000). `` Monitor -- News'' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mariah Carey: Songs weren't stolen, Judge says'' . The Ledger . September 4, 2002. p. 18 . Retrieved April 23, 2011 . Jump up ^ Thank God I Found You (European Maxi-CD Single liner notes). Mariah Carey . Columbia Records . 1999. 668568. Jump up ^ Thank God I Found You (UK 12'' Vinyl Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1999. XPR 2538. Jump up ^ Thank God I Found You (US CD Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1999. 38K 79338. Jump up ^ Thank God I Found You (US 7'' Vinyl Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1999. 38-79338. Jump up ^ Thank God I Found You (US Maxi-CD Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1999. 44K 79339. Jump up ^ Carey, Mariah (1999). Rainbow (Liner Notes) (Compact Disc). Mariah Carey. New York: Columbia Records. 496221 2. Jump up ^ `` Australian-charts.com -- Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . ARIA Top 50 Singles . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Ultratop.be -- Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' (in Dutch). Ultratop 50 . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Ultratop.be -- Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' (in French). Ultratop 50 . Retrieved May 27, 2015. ^ Jump up to: `` Mariah Carey Awards'' . AllMusic . Retrieved May 27, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Hits of the World'' (PDF) . Billboard . Retrieved May 31, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Lescharts.com -- Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' (in French). Les classement single . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees - Thank God I Found You'' (in German). GfK Entertainment . Retrieved May 27, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Chart Track: Week 9, 2000'' . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Classifica Mix & Singoli - Archivio - Classifica settimanale dal 21/01/2000 al 27/01/2000'' (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry . Archived from the original on October 8, 2007 . Retrieved July 6, 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Nederlandse Top 40 -- week 6, 2000 '' (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved May 20, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Dutchcharts.nl -- Mariah with Joe & 98° Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' (in Dutch). Single Top 100 . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Charts.nz -- Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . Top 40 Singles . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100'' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Hits of the World'' (PDF) . Billboard . February 19, 2000. p. 49 . Retrieved May 27, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Swedishcharts.com -- Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . Singles Top 100 . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Swisscharts.com -- Mariah feat. Joe & 98 Degrees -- Thank God I Found You'' . Swiss Singles Chart . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Mariah Carey: Artist Chart History'' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Official R&B Singles Chart Top 40'' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot 100)'' . Billboard . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot R&B /Hip-Hop Songs)'' . Billboard . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Mariah Carey Chart History (Pop Songs)'' . Billboard . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Mariah Carey Chart History (Rhythmic)'' . Billboard . Retrieved May 27, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Jaarlijsten 2000'' (in Dutch). Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 . Retrieved May 27, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Najlepsze single na UK Top 40-1999 wg sprzedaży '' (in Polish). Official Charts Company . Retrieved October 11, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: `` The Year in Music: 1999'' . Billboard . December 25, 1999 . Retrieved May 27, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` American single certifications -- Mariah Carey -- Thank God I Found You'' . Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved 2015 . Check date values in: accessdate= ( help ) If necessary, click Advanced , then click Format , then select Single , then click SEARCH . Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (February 17, 2014). `` Ask Billboard: Katy Perry Regains No. 1 Momentum'' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 5, 2015 . Works cited ( edit ) Argenson, Jim (2010), Mariah Carey Concert Tours , St. Martin's Press , ISBN 1-155-56204-6 Bronson, Fred (2003), The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits , New York: Billboard Books, ISBN 0-8230-7677-6 Shapiro, Marc (2001), Mariah Carey: The Unauthorized Biography , Toronto: ECW Press , ISBN 1-55022-444-1 External links ( edit ) Mariah Carey `` Thank God I Found You'' music video at Yahoo! Music Mariah Carey `` Thank God I Found You'' remix music video at VH1.com Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Mariah Carey songs Singles discography 1990s songs `` Vision of Love '' `` Love Takes Time '' `` Someday '' `` I Don't Wanna Cry '' `` There's Got to Be a Way '' `` Emotions '' `` Can't Let Go '' `` Make It Happen '' `` If It's Over '' `` I'll Be There '' `` Dreamlover '' `` Hero '' `` Anytime You Need a Friend '' `` Without You '' `` Never Forget You '' `` Endless Love '' `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' `` O Holy Night '' `` Joy to the World '' `` Fantasy '' `` Underneath the Stars '' `` One Sweet Day '' `` Open Arms '' `` Always Be My Baby '' `` Forever '' `` Honey '' `` My All '' `` Butterfly '' `` The Roof '' `` Breakdown '' `` Close My Eyes '' `` The Beautiful Ones '' `` Sweetheart '' `` When You Believe '' `` I Still Believe '' `` Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To) '' `` Heartbreaker '' `` Thank God I Found You '' `` Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme) '' `` Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now) '' `` Crybaby '' 2000s songs `` Loverboy '' `` Don't Stop (Funkin' 4 Jamaica) '' `` Reflections (Care Enough) '' `` Last Night a DJ Saved My Life '' `` Never Too Far '' `` Never Too Far/Hero Medley '' `` Through the Rain '' `` Boy (I Need You) '' `` Bringin' On the Heartbreak '' `` I Know What You Want '' `` It's Like That '' `` We Belong Together '' `` Shake It Off '' `` Mine Again '' `` Say Somethin' '' `` Get Your Number '' `` Fly Like a Bird '' `` Don't Forget About Us '' `` Migrate '' `` Touch My Body '' `` I Stay in Love '' `` Right to Dream '' `` Side Effects '' `` I'm That Chick '' `` I'll Be Lovin' U Long Time '' `` Bye Bye '' `` Hero '' (2008 version) `` Betcha Gon' Know (The Prologue) '' `` Obsessed '' `` I Want to Know What Love Is '' `` H.A.T.E.U. '' 2010s songs `` Up Out My Face '' `` Angels Cry '' `` 100% '' `` Oh Santa! '' `` Christmas Time Is in the Air Again '' `` When Christmas Comes '' `` Triumphant (Get ' Em) '' `` One Child '' `` Auld Lang Syne (The New Year's Anthem) '' `` Almost Home '' `` #Beautiful '' `` Thirsty '' `` You're Mine (Eternal) '' `` You Don't Know What to Do '' `` Meteorite '' `` The Art of Letting Go '' `` Infinity '' `` I Don't '' `` The Star '' `` GTFO '' `` With You '' Other releases `` Every Time I Close My Eyes '' `` Just Stand Up! '' `` Lil' L.O.V.E. '' `` My Love '' `` So Lonely '' `` Things That U Do '' `` U Make Me Wanna '' `` What More Can I Give '' 98 Degrees Justin Jeffre Drew Lachey Nick Lachey Jeff Timmons Studio albums 98 Degrees 98 Degrees and Rising Revelation 2.0 Other albums This Christmas The Collection Singles `` Invisible Man '' `` Because of You '' `` The Hardest Thing '' `` I Do (Cherish You) '' `` This Gift '' `` Thank God I Found You '' `` Give Me Just One Night (Una Noche) '' `` My Everything '' Concert tours Heat It Up Tour All That! Music and More Festival The Package Tour My2K Tour Related articles Discography Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thank_God_I_Found_You&oldid=863308119 '' Categories : 1999 singles 2000 singles Mariah Carey songs Joe (singer) songs 98 Degrees songs Nas songs Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Billboard Hot R&B /Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles Music videos directed by Brett Ratner Music videos directed by Sanaa Hamri Songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis Songs written by Mariah Carey Pop ballads Contemporary R&B ballads Song recordings produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis 1999 songs 1990s ballads Columbia Records singles Sony Music Entertainment singles Songs involved in plagiarism controversies Hidden categories: CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter Pages using web citations with no URL Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 German-language sources (de) CS1 Italian-language sources (it) CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl) CS1 Polish-language sources (pl) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from May 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links CS1 errors: dates Use mdy dates from December 2017 Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Articles with hAudio microformats Singlechart usages for Australia Singlechart usages for Flanders Singlechart usages for Wallonia Singlechart usages for France Singlechart usages for Ireland Singlechart called without artist Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for Dutch40 Singlechart usages for Dutch100 Singlechart usages for New Zealand Singlechart usages for Scotland Singlechart usages for Sweden Singlechart usages for Switzerland Singlechart usages for UKsinglesbyname Singlechart usages for UKrandb Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 Singlechart usages for Billboardrandbhiphop Singlechart usages for Billboardpopsongs Singlechart usages for Billboardrhythmic Certification Table Entry usages for United States Good articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Italiano עברית Kiswahili Magyar Português Русский Tiếng Việt 中文 3 more Edit links Thispagewaslasteditedon9October2018,at23:43(UTC).TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlikeLicense;additionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipedia®isaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anon-profitorganization.AboutWikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"7715336316603595865"}}},{"rowIdx":91,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the last time us went to moon"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013 . The mission ended on 18 April 2014 , when the spacecraft 's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon , which , later , was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater ."},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[["7 September 2013"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"7 September 2013\"\n ]\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) . Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA ) Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned . Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) . Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .","","","Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) . Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA ) Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned . Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) . Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .","Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) .","Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) .","Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )","Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )","Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )","Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )","Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China )","Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )","Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned .","Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned .","Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) . Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .","Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) .","Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .","A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon . This includes both manned and unmanned ( robotic ) missions . The first human - made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union 's Luna 2 mission , on 13 September 1959 .","The United States ' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon , on 20 July 1969 . There have been six manned U.S. landings ( between 1969 and 1972 ) and numerous unmanned landings , with no soft landings happening from 22 August 1976 until 14 December 2013 .","To date , the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon , with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972 .","After the unsuccessful attempt by the Luna 1 to land on the moon in 1959 , the Soviet Union performed the first hard ( unpowered ) moon landing later that same year with the Luna 2 spacecraft , a feat the U.S. duplicated in 1962 with Ranger 4 . Since then , twelve Soviet and U.S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface , between 1966 and 1976 . In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions . The U.S. followed with five unmanned Surveyor soft landings .","The Soviet Union achieved the first unmanned lunar soil sample return with the Luna 16 probe on 24 September 1970 . This was followed by Luna 20 and Luna 24 in 1972 and 1976 , respectively . Following the failure at launch in 1969 of the first Lunokhod , Luna E-8 No. 201 , the Luna 17 and Luna 21 were successful unmanned lunar rover missions in 1970 and 1973 .","Many missions were failures at launch . In addition , several unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful , including : Luna 15 , Luna 18 , and Luna 23 all crashed on landing ; and the U.S. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing .","More recently , other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometres per hour ( 5,000 mph ) , often at precise , planned locations . These have generally been end - of - life lunar orbiters that , because of system degradations , could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations ( `` masscons '' ) to maintain their orbit . Japan 's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon 's surface on 10 April 1993 . The European Space Agency performed a controlled crash impact with their orbiter SMART - 1 on 3 September 2006 .","Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) performed a controlled crash impact with its Moon Impact Probe ( MIP ) on 14 November 2008 . The MIP was an ejected probe from the Indian Chandrayaan - 1 lunar orbiter and performed remote sensing experiments during its descent to the lunar surface .","The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009 . The rover mission Chang'e 3 was launched on 1 December 2013 and soft - landed on 14 December .","A total of twelve men have landed on the Moon . This was accomplished with two US pilot - astronauts flying a Lunar Module on each of six NASA missions across a 41 - month period starting on 20 July 1969 UTC , with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on Apollo 11 , and ending on 14 December 1972 UTC with Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt on Apollo 17 . Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface .","All Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module . The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility .","In order to go to the Moon , a spacecraft must first leave the gravity well of the Earth . The only practical way of accomplishing this currently is with a rocket . Unlike other airborne vehicles such as balloons or jets , a rocket is the only known form of propulsion which can continue to increase its speed at high altitudes in the vacuum outside the Earth 's atmosphere .","Upon approach of the target moon , a spacecraft will be drawn ever closer to its surface at increasing speeds due to gravity . In order to land intact it must decelerate to less than about 160 kilometres per hour ( 99 mph ) and be ruggedized to withstand a `` hard landing '' impact , or it must decelerate to negligible speed at contact for a `` soft landing '' ( which is the only viable option with human occupants ) . The first three attempts by the U.S. to perform a successful hard moon landing with a ruggedized seismometer package in 1962 all failed . The Soviets first achieved the milestone of a hard lunar landing with a ruggedized camera in 1966 , followed only months later by the first unmanned soft lunar landing by the U.S.","The speed of a crash landing on its surface is typically between 70 and 100 % of the escape velocity of the target moon , and thus this is the total velocity which must be shed from the target moon 's gravitational attraction for a soft landing to occur . For Earth 's Moon , the escape velocity is 2.38 kilometres per second ( 1.48 mi / s ) . The change in velocity ( referred to as a delta - v ) is usually provided by a landing rocket , which must be carried into space by the original launch vehicle as part of the overall spacecraft . An exception is the soft moon landing on Titan carried out by the Huygens probe in 2005 . As the moon with the thickest atmosphere , landings on Titan may be accomplished by using atmospheric entry techniques that are generally lighter in weight than a rocket with equivalent capability .","The Soviets succeeded in making the first crash landing on the Moon in 1959 . Crash landings may occur because of malfunctions in a spacecraft , or they can be deliberately arranged for vehicles which do not have an onboard landing rocket . There have been many such moon crashes , often with their flight path controlled to impact at precise locations on the lunar surface . For example , during the Apollo program the S - IVB third stage of the Saturn V moon rocket as well as the spent ascent stage of the lunar module were deliberately crashed on the Moon several times to provide impacts registering as a moonquake on seismometers that had been left on the lunar surface . Such crashes were instrumental in mapping the internal structure of the Moon .","To return to Earth , the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon . Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space . Upon reaching Earth , atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing . These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations . Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon 's surface by a moon landing rocket , increasing the latter 's required size . The Moon departure rocket , larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle , greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree .","This section 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This section 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article 's subject matter . Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing superfluous information . If importance can not be established , the section is likely to be moved to another article , pseudo-redirected , or removed . Find sources : `` Moon landing '' -- news newspapers books scholar JSTOR ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article 's subject matter . Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing superfluous information . If importance can not be established , the section is likely to be moved to another article , pseudo-redirected , or removed . Find sources : `` Moon landing '' -- news newspapers books scholar JSTOR ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","The intense efforts devoted in the 1960s to achieving first an unmanned and then ultimately a manned moon landing become easier to understand in the political context of its historical era . World War II had introduced many new and deadly innovations including blitzkrieg - style surprise attacks used in the invasion of Poland and in the attack on Pearl Harbor ; the V - 2 rocket , a ballistic missile which killed thousands in attacks on London and Antwerp ; and the atom bomb , which killed hundreds of thousands in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki . In the 1950s , tensions mounted between the two ideologically opposed superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union that had emerged as victors in the conflict , particularly after the development by both countries of the hydrogen bomb .","Willy Ley wrote in 1957 that a rocket to the Moon `` could be built later this year if somebody can be found to sign some papers '' . On 4 October 1957 , the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 as the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth and so initiated the Space Race . This unexpected event was a source of pride to the Soviets and shock to the U.S. , who could now potentially be surprise attacked by nuclear - tipped Soviet rockets in under 30 minutes . Also , the steady beeping of the radio beacon aboard Sputnik 1 as it passed overhead every 96 minutes was widely viewed on both sides as effective propaganda to Third World countries demonstrating the technological superiority of the Soviet political system compared to that of the U.S. This perception was reinforced by a string of subsequent rapid - fire Soviet space achievements . In 1959 , the R - 7 rocket was used to launch the first escape from Earth 's gravity into a solar orbit , the first crash impact onto the surface of the Moon and the first photography of the never - before - seen far side of the Moon . These were the Luna 1 , Luna 2 and Luna 3 spacecraft .","The U.S. response to these Soviet achievements was to greatly accelerate previously existing military space and missile projects and to create a civilian space agency , NASA . Military efforts were initiated to develop and produce mass quantities of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) that would bridge the so - called missile gap and enable a policy of deterrence to nuclear war with the Soviets known as mutual assured destruction or MAD . These newly developed missiles were made available to civilians of NASA for various projects ( which would have the added benefit of demonstrating the payload , guidance accuracy and reliabilities of U.S. ICBMs to the Soviets ) .","While NASA stressed peaceful and scientific uses for these rockets , their use in various lunar exploration efforts also had secondary goal of realistic , goal - oriented testing of the missiles themselves and development of associated infrastructure , just as the Soviets were doing with their R - 7 .","After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 , historical records were released to allow the true accounting of Soviet lunar efforts . Unlike the U.S. tradition of assigning a particular mission name in advance of a launch , the Soviets assigned a public `` Luna '' mission number only if a launch resulted in a spacecraft going beyond Earth orbit . The policy had the effect of hiding Soviet Moon mission failures from public view . If the attempt failed in Earth orbit before departing for the Moon , it was frequently ( but not always ) given a `` Sputnik '' or `` Cosmos '' Earth - orbit mission number to hide its purpose . Launch explosions were not acknowledged at all .","Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result Semyorka -- 8K72 23 September 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 93 s Semyorka -- 8K72 12 October 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 104 s Semyorka -- 8K72 4 December 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 254 s Luna - 1 361 Semyorka -- 8K72 2 January 1959 Impact Partial success -- first spacecraft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby , solar orbit ; missed the Moon Semyorka -- 8K72 18 June 1959 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 153 s Luna - 2 390 Semyorka -- 8K72 12 September 1959 Impact Success -- first lunar impact Luna - 3 270 Semyorka -- 8K72 4 October 1959 Flyby Success -- first photos of lunar far side Semyorka -- 8K72 15 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K72 16 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 1 s Sputnik - 25 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 January 1963 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 3 February 1963 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 105 s Luna - 4 1422 Semyorka -- 8K78 2 April 1963 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 8,000 kilometres ( 5,000 mi ) Semyorka -- 8K78 21 March 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 20 April 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Cosmos - 60 Semyorka -- 8K78 12 March 1965 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 10 April 1965 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 5 1475 Semyorka -- 8K78 9 May 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact Luna - 6 1440 Semyorka -- 8K78 8 June 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 160,000 kilometres ( 99,000 mi ) Luna - 7 1504 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 October 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact Luna - 8 1550 Semyorka -- 8K78 3 December 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact during landing attempt","Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result","Semyorka -- 8K72 23 September 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 93 s","Semyorka -- 8K72 12 October 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 104 s","Semyorka -- 8K72 4 December 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 254 s","Luna - 1 361 Semyorka -- 8K72 2 January 1959 Impact Partial success -- first spacecraft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby , solar orbit ; missed the Moon","Semyorka -- 8K72 18 June 1959 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 153 s","Luna - 2 390 Semyorka -- 8K72 12 September 1959 Impact Success -- first lunar impact","Luna - 3 270 Semyorka -- 8K72 4 October 1959 Flyby Success -- first photos of lunar far side","Semyorka -- 8K72 15 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Semyorka -- 8K72 16 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 1 s","Sputnik - 25 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 January 1963 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit","Semyorka -- 8K78 3 February 1963 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 105 s","Luna - 4 1422 Semyorka -- 8K78 2 April 1963 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 8,000 kilometres ( 5,000 mi )","Semyorka -- 8K78 21 March 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Semyorka -- 8K78 20 April 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Cosmos - 60 Semyorka -- 8K78 12 March 1965 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit","Semyorka -- 8K78 10 April 1965 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Luna - 5 1475 Semyorka -- 8K78 9 May 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact","Luna - 6 1440 Semyorka -- 8K78 8 June 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 160,000 kilometres ( 99,000 mi )","Luna - 7 1504 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 October 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact","Luna - 8 1550 Semyorka -- 8K78 3 December 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact during landing attempt","In contrast to Soviet lunar exploration triumphs in 1959 , success eluded initial U.S. efforts to reach the Moon with the Pioneer and Ranger programs . Fifteen consecutive U.S. unmanned lunar missions over a six - year period from 1958 to 1964 all failed their primary photographic missions ; however , Rangers 4 and 6 successfully repeated the Soviet lunar impacts as part of their secondary missions .","Failures included three U.S. attempts in 1962 to hard land small seismometer packages released by the main Ranger spacecraft . These surface packages were to use retrorockets to survive landing , unlike the parent vehicle , which was designed to deliberately crash onto the surface . The final three Ranger probes performed successful high altitude lunar reconnaissance photography missions during intentional crash impacts between 2.62 and 2.68 kilometres per second ( 9,400 and 9,600 km / h ) .","Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result Pioneer 0 38 Thor - Able 17 August 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed Pioneer 1 34 Thor - Able 11 October 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- software error ; reentry Pioneer 2 39 Thor - Able 8 November 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- third stage misfire ; reentry Pioneer 3 6 Juno 6 December 1958 Flyby Failure -- first stage misfire , reentry Pioneer 4 6 Juno 3 March 1959 Flyby Partial success -- first US craft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby too far to shoot photos due to targeting error ; solar orbit Pioneer P - 1 168 Atlas - Able 24 September 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- pad explosion ; destroyed Pioneer P - 3 168 Atlas - Able 29 November 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- payload shroud ; destroyed Pioneer P - 30 175 Atlas - Able 25 September 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- second stage anomaly ; reentry Pioneer P - 31 175 Atlas - Able 15 December 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed Ranger 1 306 Atlas -- Agena 23 August 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry Ranger 2 304 Atlas -- Agena 18 November 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry Ranger 3 330 Atlas -- Agena 26 January 1962 Landing Failure -- booster guidance ; solar orbit Ranger 4 331 Atlas -- Agena 23 April 1962 Landing Partial success -- first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body ; crash impact -- no photos returned Ranger 5 342 Atlas -- Agena 18 October 1962 Landing Failure -- spacecraft power ; solar orbit Ranger 6 367 Atlas -- Agena 30 January 1964 Impact Failure -- spacecraft camera ; crash impact Ranger 7 367 Atlas -- Agena 28 July 1964 Impact Success -- returned 4308 photos , crash impact Ranger 8 367 Atlas -- Agena 17 February 1965 Impact Success -- returned 7137 photos , crash impact Ranger 9 367 Atlas -- Agena 21 March 1965 Impact Success -- returned 5814 photos , crash impact","Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result","Pioneer 0 38 Thor - Able 17 August 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed","Pioneer 1 34 Thor - Able 11 October 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- software error ; reentry","Pioneer 2 39 Thor - Able 8 November 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- third stage misfire ; reentry","Pioneer 3 6 Juno 6 December 1958 Flyby Failure -- first stage misfire , reentry","Pioneer 4 6 Juno 3 March 1959 Flyby Partial success -- first US craft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby too far to shoot photos due to targeting error ; solar orbit","Pioneer P - 1 168 Atlas - Able 24 September 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- pad explosion ; destroyed","Pioneer P - 3 168 Atlas - Able 29 November 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- payload shroud ; destroyed","Pioneer P - 30 175 Atlas - Able 25 September 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- second stage anomaly ; reentry","Pioneer P - 31 175 Atlas - Able 15 December 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed","Ranger 1 306 Atlas -- Agena 23 August 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry","Ranger 2 304 Atlas -- Agena 18 November 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry","Ranger 3 330 Atlas -- Agena 26 January 1962 Landing Failure -- booster guidance ; solar orbit","Ranger 4 331 Atlas -- Agena 23 April 1962 Landing Partial success -- first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body ; crash impact -- no photos returned","Ranger 5 342 Atlas -- Agena 18 October 1962 Landing Failure -- spacecraft power ; solar orbit","Ranger 6 367 Atlas -- Agena 30 January 1964 Impact Failure -- spacecraft camera ; crash impact","Ranger 7 367 Atlas -- Agena 28 July 1964 Impact Success -- returned 4308 photos , crash impact","Ranger 8 367 Atlas -- Agena 17 February 1965 Impact Success -- returned 7137 photos , crash impact","Ranger 9 367 Atlas -- Agena 21 March 1965 Impact Success -- returned 5814 photos , crash impact","Three different designs of Pioneer lunar probes were flown on three different modified ICBMs . Those flown on the Thor booster modified with an Able upper stage carried an infrared image scanning television system with a resolution of 1 milliradian to study the Moon 's surface , an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space , a diaphragm / microphone assembly to detect micrometeorites , a magnetometer , and temperature - variable resistors to monitor spacecraft internal thermal conditions . The first , a mission managed by the United States Air Force , exploded during launch ; all subsequent Pioneer lunar flights had NASA as the lead management organization . The next two returned to Earth and burned up upon reentry into the atmosphere after achieved maximum altitudes of around 110,000 kilometres ( 68,000 mi ) and 1,450 kilometres ( 900 mi ) , far short of the roughly 400,000 kilometres ( 250,000 mi ) required to reach the vicinity of the Moon .","NASA then collaborated with the United States Army 's Ballistic Missile Agency to fly two extremely small cone - shaped probes on the Juno ICBM , carrying only photocells which would be triggered by the light of the Moon and a lunar radiation environment experiment using a Geiger - Müller tube detector . The first of these reached an altitude of only around 100,000 kilometres ( 62,000 mi ) , serendipitously gathering data that established the presence of the Van Allen radiation belts before reentering Earth 's atmosphere . The second passed by the Moon at a distance of more than 60,000 kilometres ( 37,000 mi ) , twice as far as planned and too far away to trigger either of the on - board scientific instruments , yet still becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to reach a solar orbit .","The final Pioneer lunar probe design consisted of four `` paddlewheel '' solar panels extending from a one - meter diameter spherical spin - stabilized spacecraft body that was equipped to take images of the lunar surface with a television - like system , estimate the Moon 's mass and topography of the poles , record the distribution and velocity of micrometeorites , study radiation , measure magnetic fields , detect low frequency electromagnetic waves in space and use a sophisticated integrated propulsion system for maneuvering and orbit insertion as well . None of the four spacecraft built in this series of probes survived launch on its Atlas ICBM outfitted with an Able upper stage .","Following the unsuccessful Atlas - Able Pioneer probes , NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory embarked upon an unmanned spacecraft development program whose modular design could be used to support both lunar and interplanetary exploration missions . The interplanetary versions were known as Mariners ; lunar versions were Rangers . JPL envisioned three versions of the Ranger lunar probes : Block I prototypes , which would carry various radiation detectors in test flights to a very high Earth orbit that came nowhere near the Moon ; Block II , which would try to accomplish the first Moon landing by hard landing a seismometer package ; and Block III , which would crash onto the lunar surface without any braking rockets while taking very high resolution wide - area photographs of the Moon during their descent .","The Ranger 1 and 2 Block I missions were virtually identical . Spacecraft experiments included a Lyman - alpha telescope , a rubidium - vapor magnetometer , electrostatic analyzers , medium - energy - range particle detectors , two triple coincidence telescopes , a cosmic - ray integrating ionization chamber , cosmic dust detectors , and scintillation counters . The goal was to place these Block I spacecraft in a very high Earth orbit with an apogee of 110,000 kilometres ( 68,000 mi ) and a perigee of 60,000 kilometres ( 37,000 mi ) .","From that vantage point , scientists could make direct measurements of the magnetosphere over a period of many months while engineers perfected new methods to routinely track and communicate with spacecraft over such large distances . Such practice was deemed vital to be assured of capturing high - bandwidth television transmissions from the Moon during a one - shot fifteen - minute time window in subsequent Block II and Block III lunar descents . Both Block I missions suffered failures of the new Agena upper stage and never left low Earth parking orbit after launch ; both burned up upon reentry after only a few days .","The first attempts to perform a Moon landing took place in 1962 during the Rangers 3 , 4 and 5 missions flown by the United States . All three Block II missions basic vehicles were 3.1 m high and consisted of a lunar capsule covered with a balsa wood impact - limiter , 650 mm in diameter , a mono - propellant mid-course motor , a retrorocket with a thrust of 5,050 pounds - force ( 22.5 kN ) , and a gold - and chrome - plated hexagonal base 1.5 m in diameter . This lander ( code - named Tonto ) was designed to provide impact cushioning using an exterior blanket of crushable balsa wood and an interior filled with incompressible liquid freon . A 42 kg ( 56 pounds ) 30 - centimetre - diameter ( 0.98 ft ) metal payload sphere floated and was free to rotate in a liquid freon reservoir contained in the landing sphere .","This payload sphere contained six silver - cadmium batteries to power a fifty - milliwatt radio transmitter , a temperature sensitive voltage controlled oscillator to measure lunar surface temperatures , and a seismometer that was designed with sensitivity high enough to detect the impact of a 5 lb ( 2.3 kg ) meteorite on the opposite side of the Moon . Weight was distributed in the payload sphere so it would rotate in its liquid blanket to place the seismometer into an upright and operational position no matter what the final resting orientation of the external landing sphere . After landing , plugs were to be opened allowing the freon to evaporate and the payload sphere to settle into upright contact with the landing sphere . The batteries were sized to allow up to three months of operation for the payload sphere . Various mission constraints limited the landing site to Oceanus Procellarum on the lunar equator , which the lander ideally would reach 66 hours after launch .","No cameras were carried by the Ranger landers , and no pictures were to be captured from the lunar surface during the mission . Instead , the 3.1 metres ( 10 ft ) Ranger Block II mother ship carried a 200 - scan - line television camera which was to capture images during the free - fall descent to the lunar surface . The camera was designed to transmit a picture every 10 seconds . Seconds before impact , at 5 and 0.6 kilometres ( 3.11 and 0.37 mi ) above the lunar surface , the Ranger mother ships took picture ( which may be viewed here ) .","Other instruments gathering data before the mother ship crashed onto the Moon were a gamma ray spectrometer to measure overall lunar chemical composition and a radar altimeter . The radar altimeter was to give a signal ejecting the landing capsule and its solid - fueled braking rocket overboard from the Block II mother ship . The braking rocket was to slow and the landing sphere to a dead stop at 330 metres ( 1,080 ft ) above the surface and separate , allowing the landing sphere to free fall once more and hit the surface .","On Ranger 3 , failure of the Atlas guidance system and a software error aboard the Agena upper stage combined to put the spacecraft on a course that would miss the Moon . Attempts to salvage lunar photography during a flyby of the Moon were thwarted by in - flight failure of the onboard flight computer . This was probably because of prior heat sterilization of the spacecraft by keeping it above the boiling point of water for 24 hours on the ground , to protect the Moon from being contaminated by Earth organisms . Heat sterilization was also blamed for subsequent in - flight failures of the spacecraft computer on Ranger 4 and the power subsystem on Ranger 5 . Only Ranger 4 reached the Moon in an uncontrolled crash impact on the far side of the Moon .","Heat sterilization was discontinued for the final four Block III Ranger probes . These replaced the Block II landing capsule and its retrorocket with a heavier , more capable television system to support landing site selection for upcoming Apollo manned Moon landing missions . Six cameras were designed to take thousands of high - altitude photographs in the final twenty - minute period before crashing on the lunar surface . Camera resolution was 1,132 scan lines , far higher than the 525 lines found in a typical U.S. 1964 home television . While Ranger 6 suffered a failure of this camera system and returned no photographs despite an otherwise successful flight , the subsequent Ranger 7 mission to Mare Cognitum was a complete success .","Breaking the six - year string of failures in U.S. attempts to photograph the Moon at close range , the Ranger 7 mission was viewed as a national turning point and instrumental in allowing the key 1965 NASA budget appropriation to pass through the United States Congress intact without a reduction in funds for the Apollo manned Moon landing program . Subsequent successes with Ranger 8 and Ranger 9 further buoyed U.S. hopes .","The Luna 9 spacecraft , launched by the Soviet Union , performed the first successful soft Moon landing on 3 February . Airbags protected its 99 kilograms ( 218 lb ) ejectable capsule which survived an impact speed of over 15 metres per second ( 54 km / h ) . Luna 13 duplicated this feat with a similar Moon landing on 24 December 1966 . Both returned panoramic photographs that were the first views from the lunar surface .","Luna 16 was the first robotic probe to land on the Moon and safely return a sample of lunar soil back to Earth . It represented the first lunar sample return mission by the Soviet Union , and was the third lunar sample return mission overall , following the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions . This mission was later successfully repeated by Luna 20 ( 1972 ) and Luna 24 ( 1976 ) .","In 1970 and 1973 two Lunokhod ( `` Moonwalker '' ) robotic lunar rovers were delivered to the Moon , where they successfully operated for 10 and 4 months respectively , covering 10.5 km ( Lunokhod 1 ) and 37 km ( Lunokhod 2 ) . These rover missions were in operation concurrently with the Zond and Luna series of Moon flyby , orbiter and landing missions .","Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon Luna - 9 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 31 January 1966 Landing Success -- first lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 7.13 ° N 64.37 ° W Luna - 13 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 21 December 1966 Landing Success -- second lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 18 ° 52'N 62 ° 3'W Proton 19 February 1969 Lunar rover Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Proton 14 June 1969 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 15 5,700 Proton 13 July 1969 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Crisium unknown Cosmos - 300 Proton 23 September 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Cosmos - 305 Proton 22 October 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Proton 6 February 1970 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 16 5,600 Proton 12 September 1970 Sample return Success -- returned 0.10 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 000.68 S 056.30 E Luna - 17 5,700 Proton 10 November 1970 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 1 rover traveled 10.5 km across lunar surface Mare Imbrium 038.28 N 325.00 E Luna - 18 5,750 Proton 2 September 1971 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E Luna - 20 5,727 Proton 14 February 1972 Sample return Success -- returned 0.05 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E Luna - 21 5,950 Proton 8 January 1973 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 2 rover traveled 37.0 km across lunar surface LeMonnier Crater 025.85 N 030.45 E Luna - 23 5,800 Proton 28 October 1974 Sample return Failure -- Moon landing achieved , but malfunction prevented sample return Mare Crisium 012.00 N 062.00 E Proton 16 October 1975 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 24 5,800 Proton 9 August 1976 Sample return Success -- returned 0.17 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Crisium 012.25 N 062.20 E","Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon","Luna - 9 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 31 January 1966 Landing Success -- first lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 7.13 ° N 64.37 ° W","Luna - 13 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 21 December 1966 Landing Success -- second lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 18 ° 52'N 62 ° 3'W","Proton 19 February 1969 Lunar rover Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Proton 14 June 1969 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Luna - 15 5,700 Proton 13 July 1969 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Crisium unknown","Cosmos - 300 Proton 23 September 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit","Cosmos - 305 Proton 22 October 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit","Proton 6 February 1970 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Luna - 16 5,600 Proton 12 September 1970 Sample return Success -- returned 0.10 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 000.68 S 056.30 E","Luna - 17 5,700 Proton 10 November 1970 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 1 rover traveled 10.5 km across lunar surface Mare Imbrium 038.28 N 325.00 E","Luna - 18 5,750 Proton 2 September 1971 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E","Luna - 20 5,727 Proton 14 February 1972 Sample return Success -- returned 0.05 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E","Luna - 21 5,950 Proton 8 January 1973 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 2 rover traveled 37.0 km across lunar surface LeMonnier Crater 025.85 N 030.45 E","Luna - 23 5,800 Proton 28 October 1974 Sample return Failure -- Moon landing achieved , but malfunction prevented sample return Mare Crisium 012.00 N 062.00 E","Proton 16 October 1975 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Luna - 24 5,800 Proton 9 August 1976 Sample return Success -- returned 0.17 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Crisium 012.25 N 062.20 E","The U.S. robotic Surveyor program was part of an effort to locate a safe site on the Moon for a human landing and test under lunar conditions the radar and landing systems required to make a true controlled touchdown . Five of Surveyor 's seven missions made successful unmanned Moon landings . Surveyor 3 was visited two years after its Moon landing by the crew of Apollo 12 . They removed parts of it for examination back on Earth to determine the effects of long - term exposure to the lunar environment .","Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon Surveyor 1 292 Atlas -- Centaur 30 May 1966 Landing Success -- 11,000 pictures returned , first U.S. Moon landing Oceanus Procellarum 002.45 S 043.22 W Surveyor 2 292 Atlas -- Centaur 20 September 1966 Landing Failure -- midcourse engine malfunction , placing vehicle in unrecoverable tumble ; crashed southeast of Copernicus Crater Sinus Medii 004.00 S 011.00 W Surveyor 3 302 Atlas -- Centaur 20 April 1967 Landing Success -- 6,000 pictures returned ; trench dug to 17.5 cm depth after 18 hr of robot arm use Oceanus Procellarum 002.94 S 336.66 E Surveyor 4 282 Atlas -- Centaur 14 July 1967 Landing Failure -- radio contact lost 2.5 minutes before touchdown ; perfect automated Moon landing possible but outcome unknown Sinus Medii unknown Surveyor 5 303 Atlas -- Centaur 8 September 1967 Landing Success -- 19,000 photos returned , first use of alpha scatter soil composition monitor Mare Tranquillitatis 001.41 N 023.18 E Surveyor 6 300 Atlas -- Centaur 7 November 1967 Landing Success -- 30,000 photos returned , robot arm & alpha scatter science , engine restart , second landing 2.5 m away from first Sinus Medii 000.46 N 358.63 E Surveyor 7 306 Atlas -- Centaur 7 January 1968 Landing Success -- 21,000 photos returned ; robot arm & alpha scatter science ; laser beams from Earth detected Tycho Crater 041.01 S 348.59 E","Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon","Surveyor 1 292 Atlas -- Centaur 30 May 1966 Landing Success -- 11,000 pictures returned , first U.S. Moon landing Oceanus Procellarum 002.45 S 043.22 W","Surveyor 2 292 Atlas -- Centaur 20 September 1966 Landing Failure -- midcourse engine malfunction , placing vehicle in unrecoverable tumble ; crashed southeast of Copernicus Crater Sinus Medii 004.00 S 011.00 W","Surveyor 3 302 Atlas -- Centaur 20 April 1967 Landing Success -- 6,000 pictures returned ; trench dug to 17.5 cm depth after 18 hr of robot arm use Oceanus Procellarum 002.94 S 336.66 E","Surveyor 4 282 Atlas -- Centaur 14 July 1967 Landing Failure -- radio contact lost 2.5 minutes before touchdown ; perfect automated Moon landing possible but outcome unknown Sinus Medii unknown","Surveyor 5 303 Atlas -- Centaur 8 September 1967 Landing Success -- 19,000 photos returned , first use of alpha scatter soil composition monitor Mare Tranquillitatis 001.41 N 023.18 E","Surveyor 6 300 Atlas -- Centaur 7 November 1967 Landing Success -- 30,000 photos returned , robot arm & alpha scatter science , engine restart , second landing 2.5 m away from first Sinus Medii 000.46 N 358.63 E","Surveyor 7 306 Atlas -- Centaur 7 January 1968 Landing Success -- 21,000 photos returned ; robot arm & alpha scatter science ; laser beams from Earth detected Tycho Crater 041.01 S 348.59 E","Within four months of each other in early 1966 the Soviet Union and the United States had accomplished successful Moon landings with unmanned spacecraft . To the general public both countries had demonstrated roughly equal technical capabilities by returning photographic images from the surface of the Moon . These pictures provided a key affirmative answer to the crucial question of whether or not lunar soil would support upcoming manned landers with their much greater weight .","However , the Luna 9 hard landing of a ruggedized sphere using airbags at a 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) - per - hour ballistic impact speed had much more in common with the failed 1962 Ranger landing attempts and their planned 160 kilometres ( 99 mi ) - per - hour impacts than with the Surveyor 1 soft landing on three footpads using its radar - controlled , adjustable - thrust retrorocket . While Luna 9 and Surveyor 1 were both major national accomplishments , only Surveyor 1 had reached its landing site employing key technologies that would be needed for a manned flight . Thus as of mid-1966 , the United States had begun to pull ahead of the Soviet Union in the so - called Space Race to land a man on the Moon .","Advances in other areas were necessary before manned spacecraft could follow unmanned ones to the surface of the Moon . Of particular importance was developing the expertise to perform flight operations in lunar orbit . Ranger , Surveyor and initial Luna Moon landing attempts all utilized flight paths from Earth that traveled directly to the lunar surface without first placing the spacecraft in a lunar orbit . Such direct ascents use a minimum amount of fuel for unmanned spacecraft on a one - way trip .","In contrast , manned vehicles need additional fuel after a lunar landing to enable a return trip back to Earth for the crew . Leaving this massive amount of required Earth - return fuel in lunar orbit until it is used later in the mission is far more efficient than taking such fuel down to the lunar surface in a Moon landing and then hauling it all back into space yet again , working against lunar gravity both ways . Such considerations lead logically to a lunar orbit rendezvous mission profile for a manned Moon landing .","Accordingly , beginning in mid-1966 both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. naturally progressed into missions which featured lunar orbit operations as a necessary prerequisite to a manned Moon landing . The primary goals of these initial unmanned orbiters were extensive photographic mapping of the entire lunar surface for the selection of manned landing sites and , for the Soviets , the checkout of radio communications gear that would be used in future soft landings .","An unexpected major discovery from initial lunar orbiters were vast volumes of dense materials beneath the surface of the Moon 's maria . Such mass concentrations ( `` mascons '' ) can send a manned mission dangerously off course in the final minutes of a Moon landing when aiming for a relatively small landing zone that is smooth and safe . Mascons were also found over a longer period of time to greatly disturb the orbits of low - altitude satellites around the Moon , making their orbits unstable and forcing an inevitable crash on the lunar surface in the relatively short period of months to a few years .","Controlling the location of impact for spent lunar orbiters can have scientific value . For example , in 1999 the NASA Lunar Prospector orbiter was deliberately targeted to impact a permanently shadowed area of Shoemaker Crater near the lunar south pole . It was hoped that energy from the impact would vaporize suspected shadowed ice deposits in the crater and liberate a water vapor plume that would be detectable from Earth . No such plume was observed . However , a small vial of ashes from the body of pioneer lunar scientist Eugene Shoemaker was delivered by the Lunar Prospector to the crater named in his honor -- currently the only human remains on the Moon .","U.S.S.R. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result Cosmos -- 111 Molniya - M 1 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Luna - 10 1,582 Molniya - M 31 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,738 km x 2,088 km x 72 deg orbit , 178 m period , 60 - day science mission Luna - 11 1,640 Molniya - M 24 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,931 km x 1,898 km x 27 deg orbit , 178 m period , 38 - day science mission Luna - 12 1,620 Molniya - M 22 October 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,938 km x 1,871 km x 10 deg orbit , 205 m period , 89 - day science mission Cosmos - 159 1,700 Molniya - M 17 May 1967 Prototype test Success -- high Earth orbit manned landing communications gear radio calibration test Molniya - M 7 February 1968 Lunar orbiter Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit -- attempted radio calibration test ? Luna - 14 1,700 Molniya - M 7 April 1968 Lunar orbiter Success -- 870 km x 160 km x 42 deg orbit , 160 m period , unstable orbit , radio calibration test ? Luna - 19 5,700 Proton 28 September 1971 Lunar orbiter Success -- 140 km x 140 km x 41 deg orbit , 121 m period , 388 - day science mission Luna - 22 5,700 Proton 29 May 1974 Lunar orbiter Success -- 222 km x 219 km x 19 deg orbit , 130 m period , 521 - day science mission","U.S.S.R. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result","Cosmos -- 111 Molniya - M 1 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit","Luna - 10 1,582 Molniya - M 31 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,738 km x 2,088 km x 72 deg orbit , 178 m period , 60 - day science mission","Luna - 11 1,640 Molniya - M 24 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,931 km x 1,898 km x 27 deg orbit , 178 m period , 38 - day science mission","Luna - 12 1,620 Molniya - M 22 October 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,938 km x 1,871 km x 10 deg orbit , 205 m period , 89 - day science mission","Cosmos - 159 1,700 Molniya - M 17 May 1967 Prototype test Success -- high Earth orbit manned landing communications gear radio calibration test","Molniya - M 7 February 1968 Lunar orbiter Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit -- attempted radio calibration test ?","Luna - 14 1,700 Molniya - M 7 April 1968 Lunar orbiter Success -- 870 km x 160 km x 42 deg orbit , 160 m period , unstable orbit , radio calibration test ?","Luna - 19 5,700 Proton 28 September 1971 Lunar orbiter Success -- 140 km x 140 km x 41 deg orbit , 121 m period , 388 - day science mission","Luna - 22 5,700 Proton 29 May 1974 Lunar orbiter Success -- 222 km x 219 km x 19 deg orbit , 130 m period , 521 - day science mission","Luna 10 became the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon on 3 April 1966 .","U.S. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result Lunar Orbiter 1 386 Atlas -- Agena 10 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,160 km X 189 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 80 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 2 386 Atlas -- Agena 6 November 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 339 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 3 386 Atlas -- Agena 5 February 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 21 deg orbit , 208 m period , 246 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 4 386 Atlas -- Agena 4 May 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,111 km X 2,706 km x 86 deg orbit , 721 m period , 180 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 5 386 Atlas -- Agena 1 August 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,023 km X 195 km x 85 deg orbit , 510 m period , 183 - day photography mission","U.S. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result","Lunar Orbiter 1 386 Atlas -- Agena 10 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,160 km X 189 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 80 - day photography mission","Lunar Orbiter 2 386 Atlas -- Agena 6 November 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 339 - day photography mission","Lunar Orbiter 3 386 Atlas -- Agena 5 February 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 21 deg orbit , 208 m period , 246 - day photography mission","Lunar Orbiter 4 386 Atlas -- Agena 4 May 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,111 km X 2,706 km x 86 deg orbit , 721 m period , 180 - day photography mission","Lunar Orbiter 5 386 Atlas -- Agena 1 August 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,023 km X 195 km x 85 deg orbit , 510 m period , 183 - day photography mission","It is possible to aim a spacecraft from Earth so that it will loop around the Moon and return to Earth without entering lunar orbit , following the so - called free return trajectory . Such circumlunar loop missions are simpler than lunar orbit missions because rockets for lunar orbit braking and Earth return are not required . However , a manned circumlunar loop trip poses significant challenges above and beyond those found in a manned low - Earth - orbit mission , offering valuable lessons in preparation for a manned Moon landing . Foremost among these are mastering the demands of re-entering the Earth 's atmosphere upon returning from the Moon .","Manned Earth - orbiting vehicles such as the Space Shuttle return to Earth from speeds of around 17,000 miles per hour ( 27,000 km / h ; 7,600 m / s ) . Due to the effects of gravity , a vehicle returning from the Moon hits Earth 's atmosphere at a much higher speed of around 25,000 miles per hour ( 40,000 km / h ; 11,000 m / s ) . The g - loading on astronauts during the resulting deceleration can be at the limits of human endurance even during a nominal reentry . Slight variations in the vehicle flight path and reentry angle during a return from the Moon can easily result in fatal levels of deceleration force .","Achieving a manned circumlunar loop flight prior to a manned lunar landing became a primary goal of the Soviets with their Zond spacecraft program . The first three Zonds were unmanned planetary probes ; after that , the Zond name was transferred to a completely separate manned program . The initial focus of these later Zonds was extensive testing of required high - speed reentry techniques . This focus was not shared by the U.S. , who chose instead to bypass the stepping stone of a manned circumlunar loop mission and never developed a separate spacecraft for this purpose .","Initial manned spaceflights in the early 1960s placed a single person in low Earth orbit during the Soviet Vostok and U.S. Mercury programs . A two - flight extension of the Vostok program known as Voskhod effectively used Vostok capsules with their ejection seats removed to achieve Soviet space firsts of multiple person crews in 1964 and spacewalks in early 1965 . These capabilities were later demonstrated by the U.S. in ten Gemini low Earth orbit missions throughout 1965 and 1966 , using a totally new second - generation spacecraft design that had little in common with the earlier Mercury . These Gemini missions went on to prove critical techniques for orbital rendezvous and docking that were crucial to a manned lunar landing mission profile .","After the end of the Gemini program , the Soviets Union began flying their second - generation Zond manned spacecraft in 1967 with the ultimate goal of looping a cosmonaut around the Moon and returning him immediately to Earth . The Zond spacecraft was launched with the simpler and already operational Proton launch rocket , unlike the parallel Soviet manned Moon landing effort also underway at the time based on third - generation Soyuz spacecraft requiring development of the advanced N - 1 booster . The Soviets thus believed they could achieve a manned Zond circumlunar flight years before a U.S. manned lunar landing and so score a propaganda victory . However , significant development problems delayed the Zond program and the success of the U.S. Apollo lunar landing program led to the eventual termination of the Zond effort .","Like Zond , Apollo Moon flights were generally launched on a free return trajectory that would return them to Earth via a circumlunar loop in the event that a Service Module malfunction failed to place them in lunar orbit as planned . This option was implemented after an explosion aboard the Apollo 13 mission in 1970 , which is the only manned circumlunar loop mission flown to date .","U.S.S.R mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Payload Mission result Cosmos - 146 5,400 Proton 10 March 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test Cosmos - 154 5,400 Proton 8 April 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test Proton 28 September 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Proton 22 November 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Zond - 4 5,140 Proton 2 March 1968 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- launched successfully to 300,000 km high Earth orbit , high speed reentry test guidance malfunction , intentional self - destruct to prevent landfall outside Soviet Union Proton 23 April 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit ; launch preparation tank explosion kills three in pad crew Zond - 5 5,375 Proton 15 September 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned live biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside the Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean Zond - 6 5,375 Proton 10 November 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Partial success -- looped around Moon , successful reentry , but loss of cabin air pressure caused biological payload death , parachute system malfunction and severe vehicle damage upon landing Proton 20 January 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Zond - 7 5,979 Proton 8 August 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth and landed on - target inside Soviet Union . Only Zond mission whose reentry G - forces would have been survivable by human crew had they been aboard . Zond - 8 5,375 Proton 20 October 1970 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean","U.S.S.R mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Payload Mission result","Cosmos - 146 5,400 Proton 10 March 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test","Cosmos - 154 5,400 Proton 8 April 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test","Proton 28 September 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Proton 22 November 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Zond - 4 5,140 Proton 2 March 1968 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- launched successfully to 300,000 km high Earth orbit , high speed reentry test guidance malfunction , intentional self - destruct to prevent landfall outside Soviet Union","Proton 23 April 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit ; launch preparation tank explosion kills three in pad crew","Zond - 5 5,375 Proton 15 September 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned live biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside the Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean","Zond - 6 5,375 Proton 10 November 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Partial success -- looped around Moon , successful reentry , but loss of cabin air pressure caused biological payload death , parachute system malfunction and severe vehicle damage upon landing","Proton 20 January 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit","Zond - 7 5,979 Proton 8 August 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth and landed on - target inside Soviet Union . Only Zond mission whose reentry G - forces would have been survivable by human crew had they been aboard .","Zond - 8 5,375 Proton 20 October 1970 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean","Zond 5 was the first spacecraft to carry life from Earth to the vicinity of the Moon and return , initiating the final lap of the Space Race with its payload of turtles , insects , plants and bacteria . Despite the failure suffered in its final moments , the Zond 6 mission was reported by Soviet media as being a success as well . Although hailed worldwide as remarkable achievements , both of these Zond missions flew off - nominal reentry trajectories resulting in deceleration forces that would have been fatal to human crewmembers had they been aboard .","As a result , the Soviets secretly planned to continue unmanned Zond tests until their reliability to support manned flight had been demonstrated . However , due to NASA 's continuing problems with the lunar module , and because of CIA reports of a potential Soviet manned circumlunar flight in late 1968 , NASA fatefully changed the flight plan of Apollo 8 from an Earth - orbit lunar module test to a lunar orbit mission scheduled for late December 1968 .","In early December 1968 the launch window to the Moon opened for the Soviet launch site in Baikonur , giving the USSR their final chance to beat the US to the Moon . Cosmonauts went on alert and asked to fly the Zond spacecraft then in final countdown at Baikonur on the first manned trip to the Moon . Ultimately , however , the Soviet Politburo decided the risk of crew death was unacceptable given the combined poor performance to that point of Zond / Proton and so scrubbed the launch of a manned Soviet lunar mission . Their decision proved to be a wise one , since this unnumbered Zond mission was destroyed in another unmanned test when it was finally launched several weeks later .","By this time flights of the third generation U.S. Apollo spacecraft had begun . Far more capable than the Zond , the Apollo spacecraft had the necessary rocket power to slip into and out of lunar orbit and to make course adjustments required for a safe reentry during the return to Earth . The Apollo 8 mission carried out the first manned trip to the Moon on 24 December 1968 , certifying the Saturn V booster for manned use and flying not a circumlunar loop but instead a full ten orbits around the Moon before returning safely to Earth . Apollo 10 then performed a full dress rehearsal of a manned Moon landing in May 1969 . This mission orbited within 47,400 feet ( 14.4 km ) altitude above the lunar surface , performing necessary low - altitude mapping of trajectory - altering mascons using a factory prototype lunar module that was too overweight to allow a successful landing . With the failure of the unmanned Soviet sample return Moon landing attempt Luna 15 in July 1969 , the stage was set for Apollo 11 .","Plans for manned Moon exploration originated during the Eisenhower administration . In a series of mid-1950s articles in Collier 's magazine , Wernher von Braun had popularized the idea of a manned expedition to the Moon to establish a lunar base . A manned Moon landing posed several daunting technical challenges to the US and USSR . Besides guidance and weight management , atmospheric re-entry without ablative overheating was a major hurdle . After the Soviet Union 's launch of Sputnik , von Braun promoted a plan for the United States Army to establish a military lunar outpost by 1965 .","After the early Soviet successes , especially Yuri Gagarin 's flight , US President John F. Kennedy looked for a US project that would capture the public imagination . He asked Vice President Lyndon Johnson to make recommendations on a scientific endeavor that would prove US world leadership . The proposals included non-space options such as massive irrigation projects to benefit the Third World . The Soviets , at the time , had more powerful rockets than the United States , which gave them an advantage in some kinds of space mission .","Advances in US nuclear weapon technology had led to smaller , lighter warheads , and consequently , rockets with smaller payload capacities . By comparison , Soviet nuclear weapons were much heavier , and the powerful R - 7 rocket was developed to carry them . More modest potential missions such as flying around the Moon without landing or establishing a space lab in orbit ( both were proposed by Kennedy to von Braun ) were determined to offer too much advantage to the Soviets , since the US would have to develop a heavy rocket to match the Soviets . A Moon landing , however , would capture world imagination while functioning as propaganda .","Johnson had championed the US manned space program ever since the Sputnik scare , sponsoring the legislation which created NASA when he was in the Senate in 1958 . When Kennedy asked him in 1961 to research the best manned space achievement to counter the Soviets ' lead , Johnson responded that the US had an even chance of beating the USSR to a manned lunar landing , but not for anything less . Kennedy seized on Apollo as the ideal focus for efforts in space . He ensured continuing funding , shielding space spending from the 1963 tax cut , but diverting money from other NASA scientific projects . This last dismayed NASA 's leader , James E. Webb , who perceived the need for NASA 's support from the scientific community .","The Moon landing required development of the large Saturn V launch vehicle , which achieved a perfect record of zero catastrophic failures or launch vehicle - caused mission failures , in thirteen launches .","For the program to succeed , its proponents would have to defeat criticism from politicians on the left , who wanted more money spent on social programs , and on those on the right , who favored a more military project . By emphasizing the scientific payoff and playing on fears of Soviet space dominance , Kennedy and Johnson managed to swing public opinion : by 1965 , 58 percent of Americans favored Apollo , up from 33 percent two years earlier . After Johnson became President in 1963 , his continuing defense of the program allowed it to succeed in 1969 , as Kennedy planned .","Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev said in October 1963 that the USSR was `` not at present planning flight by cosmonauts to the Moon , '' while insisting that the Soviets had not dropped out of the race . Only after another year would the USSR fully commit itself to a Moon - landing attempt , which ultimately failed .","At the same time , Kennedy had suggested various joint programs , including a possible Moon landing by Soviet and U.S. astronauts and the development of better weather - monitoring satellites . Khrushchev , sensing an attempt by Kennedy to steal Russian space technology , rejected the idea : if the USSR went to the Moon , it would go alone . Sergey Korolev , the Soviet space program 's chief designer , had started promoting his Soyuz craft and the N1 launcher rocket that would have the capability of carrying out a manned Moon landing .","Khrushchev directed Korolev 's design bureau to arrange further space firsts by modifying the existing Vostok technology , while a second team started building a completely new launcher and craft , the Proton booster and the Zond , for a manned cislunar flight in 1966 . In 1964 the new Soviet leadership gave Korolev the backing for a Moon landing effort and brought all manned projects under his direction .","With Korolev 's death and the failure of the first Soyuz flight in 1967 , the co-ordination of the Soviet Moon landing program quickly unraveled . The Soviets built a landing craft and selected cosmonauts for the mission that would have placed Aleksei Leonov on the Moon 's surface , but with the successive launch failures of the N1 booster in 1969 , plans for a manned landing suffered first delay and then cancellation .","In total , twenty - four U.S. astronauts have traveled to the Moon . Three have made the trip twice , and twelve have walked on its surface . Apollo 8 was a lunar - orbit - only mission , Apollo 10 included undocking and Descent Orbit Insertion ( DOI ) , followed by LM staging to CSM redocking , while Apollo 13 , originally scheduled as a landing , ended up as a lunar fly - by , by means of free return trajectory ; thus , none of these missions made landings . Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 were Earth - orbit - only missions . Apart from the inherent dangers of manned Moon expeditions as seen with Apollo 13 , one reason for their cessation according to astronaut Alan Bean is the cost it imposes in government subsidies .","Mission name Lunar lander Lunar landing date Lunar liftoff date Lunar landing site Duration on lunar surface Crew Number of EVAs Total EVA Time ( HH : MM ) Apollo 11 Eagle 20 July 1969 21 July 1969 Sea of Tranquility 21 : 31 Neil Armstrong , Edwin `` Buzz '' Aldrin 2 : 31 Apollo 12 Intrepid 19 November 1969 21 November 1969 Ocean of Storms 1 - day , 7 : 31 Charles `` Pete '' Conrad , Alan Bean 7 : 45 Apollo 14 Antares 5 February 1971 6 February 1971 Fra Mauro 1 - day , 9 : 30 Alan B. Shepard , Edgar Mitchell 9 : 21 Apollo 15 Falcon 30 July 1971 2 August 1971 Hadley Rille 2 days , 18 : 55 David Scott , James Irwin 18 : 33 Apollo 16 Orion 21 April 1972 24 April 1972 Descartes Highlands 2 days , 23 : 02 John Young , Charles Duke 20 : 14 Apollo 17 Challenger 11 December 1972 14 December 1972 Taurus -- Littrow 3 days , 2 : 59 Eugene Cernan , Harrison `` Jack '' Schmitt 22 : 04","Mission name Lunar lander Lunar landing date Lunar liftoff date Lunar landing site Duration on lunar surface Crew Number of EVAs Total EVA Time ( HH : MM )","Apollo 11 Eagle 20 July 1969 21 July 1969 Sea of Tranquility 21 : 31 Neil Armstrong , Edwin `` Buzz '' Aldrin 2 : 31","Apollo 12 Intrepid 19 November 1969 21 November 1969 Ocean of Storms 1 - day , 7 : 31 Charles `` Pete '' Conrad , Alan Bean 7 : 45","Apollo 14 Antares 5 February 1971 6 February 1971 Fra Mauro 1 - day , 9 : 30 Alan B. Shepard , Edgar Mitchell 9 : 21","Apollo 15 Falcon 30 July 1971 2 August 1971 Hadley Rille 2 days , 18 : 55 David Scott , James Irwin 18 : 33","Apollo 16 Orion 21 April 1972 24 April 1972 Descartes Highlands 2 days , 23 : 02 John Young , Charles Duke 20 : 14","Apollo 17 Challenger 11 December 1972 14 December 1972 Taurus -- Littrow 3 days , 2 : 59 Eugene Cernan , Harrison `` Jack '' Schmitt 22 : 04","Unlike other international rivalries , the Space Race has remained unaffected in a direct way regarding the desire for territorial expansion . After the successful landings on the Moon , the U.S. explicitly disclaimed the right to ownership of any part of the Moon .","President Richard Nixon had speechwriter William Safire prepare a condolence speech for delivery in the event that Armstrong and Aldrin became marooned on the Moon 's surface and could not be rescued .","In 1951 , science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke forecast that man would reach the Moon by 1978 .","On 16 August 2006 , the Associated Press reported that NASA is missing the original Slow - scan television tapes ( which were made before the scan conversion for conventional TV ) of the Apollo 11 Moon walk . Some news outlets have mistakenly reported that the SSTV tapes were found in Western Australia , but those tapes were only recordings of data from the Apollo 11 Early Apollo Surface Experiments Package .","Scientists believe the six American flags planted by astronauts have been bleached white because of more than 40 years of exposure to solar radiation . Using LROC images , five of the six American flags are still standing and casting shadows at all of the sites , except Apollo 11 . Astronaut Buzz Aldrin reported that the flag was blown over by the exhaust from the ascent engine during liftoff of Apollo 11 .","Launched on 24 January 1990 , 11 : 46 UTC . At the end of its mission , the Japanese lunar orbiter Hiten was commanded to crash into the lunar surface and did so on 10 April 1993 at 18 : 03 : 25.7 UT ( 11 April 03 : 03 : 25.7 JST ) .","Lunar Prospector was launched on 7 January 1998 . The mission ended on 31 July 1999 , when the orbiter was deliberately crashed into a crater near the lunar south pole after the presence of water ice was successfully detected .","Launched 27 September 2003 , 23 : 14 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou , French Guiana . At the end of its mission , the ESA lunar orbiter SMART - 1 performed a controlled crash into the Moon , at about 2 km / s . The time of the crash was 3 September 2006 , at 5 : 42 UTC .","SELENE or Kaguya was launched on 14 September 2007 . After successfully orbiting the Moon for a year and eight months , the main orbiter was instructed to impact on the lunar surface near the crater Gill at 18 : 25 UTC on 10 June 2009 .","The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 , launched 24 October 2007 , 10 : 05 UTC , executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009 , 20 : 44 GMT , after a 16 - month mission .","Chandrayaan - 1 was launched on 22 October 2008 , 00 : 52 UTC . The impactor , the Moon Impact Probe , impacted near Shackleton Crater at the south pole of the lunar surface at 14 November 2008 , 20 : 31 IST . Chandrayaan - 2 is scheduled for launch in 2018 .","The LCROSS data collecting shepherding spacecraft was launched together with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO ) on 18 June 2009 on board an Atlas V rocket with a Centaur upper stage . On 9 October 2009 , at 11 : 31 UTC , the Centaur upper stage impacted the lunar surface , releasing the kinetic energy equivalent of detonating approximately 2 tons of TNT ( 8.86 GJ ) . Six minutes later at 11 : 37 UTC , the LCROSS shepherding spacecraft also impacted the surface .","The GRAIL mission consisted of two small spacecraft : GRAIL A ( Ebb ) , and GRAIL B ( Flow ) . They were launched on 10 September 2011 on board a Delta II rocket . GRAIL A separated from the rocket about nine minutes after launch , and GRAIL B followed about eight minutes later . The first probe entered orbit on 31 December 2011 and the second followed on 1 January 2012 . The two spacecraft impacted the Lunar surface on 17 December 2012 .","LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013 . The mission ended on 18 April 2014 , when the spacecraft 's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon , which , later , was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater .","On 14 December 2013 at 13 : 12 UTC Chang'e 3 soft - landed a rover on the Moon . This was the first lunar soft landing since Luna 24 on 22 August 1976 .","Progress in space exploration has recently broadened the phrase moon landing to include other moons in the Solar System as well . The Huygens probe of the Cassini -- Huygens mission to Saturn performed a successful unmanned moon landing on Titan in 2005 . Similarly , the Soviet probe Phobos 2 came within 120 mi ( 190 km ) of performing an unmanned moon landing on Mars ' moon Phobos in 1989 before radio contact with that lander was suddenly lost . A similar Russian sample return mission called Fobos - Grunt ( `` grunt '' means `` soil '' in Russian ) launched in November 2011 , but stalled in low Earth orbit . There is widespread interest in performing a future moon landing on Jupiter 's Europa moon to drill down and explore the possible liquid water ocean beneath its icy surface .","China is planning to land another rover and collect samples in the Chang'e 4 mission and return lunar soil samples by 2018 in the Chang'e 5 mission .","ISRO , the Indian National Space agency , is planning a second version of Chandrayaan named Chandrayaan 2 . According to former ISRO Chairman G. Madhavan Nair , `` The Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) hopes to land two rovers -- one Indian and another Russian -- on the Moon in 2018 , as a part of its second Chandrayaan mission . The rover will be designed to move on wheels on the lunar surface , pick up samples of soil or rocks , do on - site chemical analysis and send the data to the mother - spacecraft Chandrayaan II , which will be orbiting above . Chandrayaan II will transmit the data to Earth . '' The payloads have already been finalized . ISRO has mentioned that due to weight restrictions it will not be carrying any overseas payloads on this mission . The lander weight is projected to be 1,250 kg , and the spacecraft will be launched by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle .","Russia 's Luna - Glob 1 is expected to be launched in 2018 . In 2007 the head of the Russian Space Agency announced plans to send cosmonauts to the Moon by 2025 and establish a permanent robotically operated base there in 2027 -- 2032 . In 2015 , Roscosmos stated that Russia plans to place a cosmonaut on the Moon by 2030 , leaving Mars to NASA . The purpose is to work jointly with NASA and avoid another Space Race .","The Lunar Precursor Robotic Program ( LPRP ) is a program of robotic spacecraft missions which NASA will use to prepare for future Moon landings . Three orbiters have been launched in the program , the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO ) , the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite ( LCROSS ) , and the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer ( LADEE ) , launched in 2013 , but no Moon landings are scheduled yet .","The Google Lunar X Prize competition offers a $20 million award for the first privately funded team to land a robotic probe on the Moon . Like the Ansari X Prize before it , the competition aims to advance the state of the art in private space exploration . Of the several competing teams , Puli Space Technologies at one time ( 2012 ) planned to launch in 2014 and Astrobotic Technology plans to launch in the second half of 2016 with their own rover plus another team 's lunar rovers from Hakuto .","Many conspiracy theorists hold that the Apollo Moon landings were a hoax ; however , empirical evidence is readily available to show that manned moon landings did indeed occur . Anyone on Earth with an appropriate laser and telescope system can bounce laser beams off three retroreflector arrays left on the Moon by Apollo 11 , 14 and 15 , verifying deployment of the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment at historically documented Apollo Moon landing sites and so proving equipment constructed on Earth was successfully transported to the surface of the Moon . In addition , in August 2009 NASA 's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter began to send back high resolution photos of the Apollo landing sites . These photos show not only the large Descent Stages of the lunar landers left behind but also tracks of the astronauts ' walking paths in the lunar dust ."],"string":"[\n \"Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) . Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA ) Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned . Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) . Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .\",\n \"\",\n \"\",\n \"Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) . Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA ) Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned . Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) . Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .\",\n \"Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) .\",\n \"Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) .\",\n \"Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )\",\n \"Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )\",\n \"Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )\",\n \"Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )\",\n \"Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China )\",\n \"Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA )\",\n \"Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned .\",\n \"Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned .\",\n \"Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) . Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .\",\n \"Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) .\",\n \"Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time .\",\n \"A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon . This includes both manned and unmanned ( robotic ) missions . The first human - made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union 's Luna 2 mission , on 13 September 1959 .\",\n \"The United States ' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon , on 20 July 1969 . There have been six manned U.S. landings ( between 1969 and 1972 ) and numerous unmanned landings , with no soft landings happening from 22 August 1976 until 14 December 2013 .\",\n \"To date , the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon , with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972 .\",\n \"After the unsuccessful attempt by the Luna 1 to land on the moon in 1959 , the Soviet Union performed the first hard ( unpowered ) moon landing later that same year with the Luna 2 spacecraft , a feat the U.S. duplicated in 1962 with Ranger 4 . Since then , twelve Soviet and U.S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface , between 1966 and 1976 . In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions . The U.S. followed with five unmanned Surveyor soft landings .\",\n \"The Soviet Union achieved the first unmanned lunar soil sample return with the Luna 16 probe on 24 September 1970 . This was followed by Luna 20 and Luna 24 in 1972 and 1976 , respectively . Following the failure at launch in 1969 of the first Lunokhod , Luna E-8 No. 201 , the Luna 17 and Luna 21 were successful unmanned lunar rover missions in 1970 and 1973 .\",\n \"Many missions were failures at launch . In addition , several unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful , including : Luna 15 , Luna 18 , and Luna 23 all crashed on landing ; and the U.S. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing .\",\n \"More recently , other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometres per hour ( 5,000 mph ) , often at precise , planned locations . These have generally been end - of - life lunar orbiters that , because of system degradations , could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations ( `` masscons '' ) to maintain their orbit . Japan 's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon 's surface on 10 April 1993 . The European Space Agency performed a controlled crash impact with their orbiter SMART - 1 on 3 September 2006 .\",\n \"Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) performed a controlled crash impact with its Moon Impact Probe ( MIP ) on 14 November 2008 . The MIP was an ejected probe from the Indian Chandrayaan - 1 lunar orbiter and performed remote sensing experiments during its descent to the lunar surface .\",\n \"The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009 . The rover mission Chang'e 3 was launched on 1 December 2013 and soft - landed on 14 December .\",\n \"A total of twelve men have landed on the Moon . This was accomplished with two US pilot - astronauts flying a Lunar Module on each of six NASA missions across a 41 - month period starting on 20 July 1969 UTC , with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on Apollo 11 , and ending on 14 December 1972 UTC with Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt on Apollo 17 . Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface .\",\n \"All Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module . The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility .\",\n \"In order to go to the Moon , a spacecraft must first leave the gravity well of the Earth . The only practical way of accomplishing this currently is with a rocket . Unlike other airborne vehicles such as balloons or jets , a rocket is the only known form of propulsion which can continue to increase its speed at high altitudes in the vacuum outside the Earth 's atmosphere .\",\n \"Upon approach of the target moon , a spacecraft will be drawn ever closer to its surface at increasing speeds due to gravity . In order to land intact it must decelerate to less than about 160 kilometres per hour ( 99 mph ) and be ruggedized to withstand a `` hard landing '' impact , or it must decelerate to negligible speed at contact for a `` soft landing '' ( which is the only viable option with human occupants ) . The first three attempts by the U.S. to perform a successful hard moon landing with a ruggedized seismometer package in 1962 all failed . The Soviets first achieved the milestone of a hard lunar landing with a ruggedized camera in 1966 , followed only months later by the first unmanned soft lunar landing by the U.S.\",\n \"The speed of a crash landing on its surface is typically between 70 and 100 % of the escape velocity of the target moon , and thus this is the total velocity which must be shed from the target moon 's gravitational attraction for a soft landing to occur . For Earth 's Moon , the escape velocity is 2.38 kilometres per second ( 1.48 mi / s ) . The change in velocity ( referred to as a delta - v ) is usually provided by a landing rocket , which must be carried into space by the original launch vehicle as part of the overall spacecraft . An exception is the soft moon landing on Titan carried out by the Huygens probe in 2005 . As the moon with the thickest atmosphere , landings on Titan may be accomplished by using atmospheric entry techniques that are generally lighter in weight than a rocket with equivalent capability .\",\n \"The Soviets succeeded in making the first crash landing on the Moon in 1959 . Crash landings may occur because of malfunctions in a spacecraft , or they can be deliberately arranged for vehicles which do not have an onboard landing rocket . There have been many such moon crashes , often with their flight path controlled to impact at precise locations on the lunar surface . For example , during the Apollo program the S - IVB third stage of the Saturn V moon rocket as well as the spent ascent stage of the lunar module were deliberately crashed on the Moon several times to provide impacts registering as a moonquake on seismometers that had been left on the lunar surface . Such crashes were instrumental in mapping the internal structure of the Moon .\",\n \"To return to Earth , the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon . Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space . Upon reaching Earth , atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing . These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations . Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon 's surface by a moon landing rocket , increasing the latter 's required size . The Moon departure rocket , larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle , greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree .\",\n \"This section 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This section 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article 's subject matter . Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing superfluous information . If importance can not be established , the section is likely to be moved to another article , pseudo-redirected , or removed . Find sources : `` Moon landing '' -- news newspapers books scholar JSTOR ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article 's subject matter . Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing superfluous information . If importance can not be established , the section is likely to be moved to another article , pseudo-redirected , or removed . Find sources : `` Moon landing '' -- news newspapers books scholar JSTOR ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"The intense efforts devoted in the 1960s to achieving first an unmanned and then ultimately a manned moon landing become easier to understand in the political context of its historical era . World War II had introduced many new and deadly innovations including blitzkrieg - style surprise attacks used in the invasion of Poland and in the attack on Pearl Harbor ; the V - 2 rocket , a ballistic missile which killed thousands in attacks on London and Antwerp ; and the atom bomb , which killed hundreds of thousands in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki . In the 1950s , tensions mounted between the two ideologically opposed superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union that had emerged as victors in the conflict , particularly after the development by both countries of the hydrogen bomb .\",\n \"Willy Ley wrote in 1957 that a rocket to the Moon `` could be built later this year if somebody can be found to sign some papers '' . On 4 October 1957 , the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 as the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth and so initiated the Space Race . This unexpected event was a source of pride to the Soviets and shock to the U.S. , who could now potentially be surprise attacked by nuclear - tipped Soviet rockets in under 30 minutes . Also , the steady beeping of the radio beacon aboard Sputnik 1 as it passed overhead every 96 minutes was widely viewed on both sides as effective propaganda to Third World countries demonstrating the technological superiority of the Soviet political system compared to that of the U.S. This perception was reinforced by a string of subsequent rapid - fire Soviet space achievements . In 1959 , the R - 7 rocket was used to launch the first escape from Earth 's gravity into a solar orbit , the first crash impact onto the surface of the Moon and the first photography of the never - before - seen far side of the Moon . These were the Luna 1 , Luna 2 and Luna 3 spacecraft .\",\n \"The U.S. response to these Soviet achievements was to greatly accelerate previously existing military space and missile projects and to create a civilian space agency , NASA . Military efforts were initiated to develop and produce mass quantities of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) that would bridge the so - called missile gap and enable a policy of deterrence to nuclear war with the Soviets known as mutual assured destruction or MAD . These newly developed missiles were made available to civilians of NASA for various projects ( which would have the added benefit of demonstrating the payload , guidance accuracy and reliabilities of U.S. ICBMs to the Soviets ) .\",\n \"While NASA stressed peaceful and scientific uses for these rockets , their use in various lunar exploration efforts also had secondary goal of realistic , goal - oriented testing of the missiles themselves and development of associated infrastructure , just as the Soviets were doing with their R - 7 .\",\n \"After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 , historical records were released to allow the true accounting of Soviet lunar efforts . Unlike the U.S. tradition of assigning a particular mission name in advance of a launch , the Soviets assigned a public `` Luna '' mission number only if a launch resulted in a spacecraft going beyond Earth orbit . The policy had the effect of hiding Soviet Moon mission failures from public view . If the attempt failed in Earth orbit before departing for the Moon , it was frequently ( but not always ) given a `` Sputnik '' or `` Cosmos '' Earth - orbit mission number to hide its purpose . Launch explosions were not acknowledged at all .\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result Semyorka -- 8K72 23 September 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 93 s Semyorka -- 8K72 12 October 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 104 s Semyorka -- 8K72 4 December 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 254 s Luna - 1 361 Semyorka -- 8K72 2 January 1959 Impact Partial success -- first spacecraft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby , solar orbit ; missed the Moon Semyorka -- 8K72 18 June 1959 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 153 s Luna - 2 390 Semyorka -- 8K72 12 September 1959 Impact Success -- first lunar impact Luna - 3 270 Semyorka -- 8K72 4 October 1959 Flyby Success -- first photos of lunar far side Semyorka -- 8K72 15 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K72 16 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 1 s Sputnik - 25 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 January 1963 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 3 February 1963 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 105 s Luna - 4 1422 Semyorka -- 8K78 2 April 1963 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 8,000 kilometres ( 5,000 mi ) Semyorka -- 8K78 21 March 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 20 April 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Cosmos - 60 Semyorka -- 8K78 12 March 1965 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 10 April 1965 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 5 1475 Semyorka -- 8K78 9 May 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact Luna - 6 1440 Semyorka -- 8K78 8 June 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 160,000 kilometres ( 99,000 mi ) Luna - 7 1504 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 October 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact Luna - 8 1550 Semyorka -- 8K78 3 December 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact during landing attempt\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K72 23 September 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 93 s\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K72 12 October 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 104 s\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K72 4 December 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 254 s\",\n \"Luna - 1 361 Semyorka -- 8K72 2 January 1959 Impact Partial success -- first spacecraft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby , solar orbit ; missed the Moon\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K72 18 June 1959 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 153 s\",\n \"Luna - 2 390 Semyorka -- 8K72 12 September 1959 Impact Success -- first lunar impact\",\n \"Luna - 3 270 Semyorka -- 8K72 4 October 1959 Flyby Success -- first photos of lunar far side\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K72 15 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K72 16 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 1 s\",\n \"Sputnik - 25 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 January 1963 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K78 3 February 1963 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 105 s\",\n \"Luna - 4 1422 Semyorka -- 8K78 2 April 1963 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 8,000 kilometres ( 5,000 mi )\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K78 21 March 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K78 20 April 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Cosmos - 60 Semyorka -- 8K78 12 March 1965 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit\",\n \"Semyorka -- 8K78 10 April 1965 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Luna - 5 1475 Semyorka -- 8K78 9 May 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact\",\n \"Luna - 6 1440 Semyorka -- 8K78 8 June 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 160,000 kilometres ( 99,000 mi )\",\n \"Luna - 7 1504 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 October 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact\",\n \"Luna - 8 1550 Semyorka -- 8K78 3 December 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact during landing attempt\",\n \"In contrast to Soviet lunar exploration triumphs in 1959 , success eluded initial U.S. efforts to reach the Moon with the Pioneer and Ranger programs . Fifteen consecutive U.S. unmanned lunar missions over a six - year period from 1958 to 1964 all failed their primary photographic missions ; however , Rangers 4 and 6 successfully repeated the Soviet lunar impacts as part of their secondary missions .\",\n \"Failures included three U.S. attempts in 1962 to hard land small seismometer packages released by the main Ranger spacecraft . These surface packages were to use retrorockets to survive landing , unlike the parent vehicle , which was designed to deliberately crash onto the surface . The final three Ranger probes performed successful high altitude lunar reconnaissance photography missions during intentional crash impacts between 2.62 and 2.68 kilometres per second ( 9,400 and 9,600 km / h ) .\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result Pioneer 0 38 Thor - Able 17 August 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed Pioneer 1 34 Thor - Able 11 October 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- software error ; reentry Pioneer 2 39 Thor - Able 8 November 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- third stage misfire ; reentry Pioneer 3 6 Juno 6 December 1958 Flyby Failure -- first stage misfire , reentry Pioneer 4 6 Juno 3 March 1959 Flyby Partial success -- first US craft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby too far to shoot photos due to targeting error ; solar orbit Pioneer P - 1 168 Atlas - Able 24 September 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- pad explosion ; destroyed Pioneer P - 3 168 Atlas - Able 29 November 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- payload shroud ; destroyed Pioneer P - 30 175 Atlas - Able 25 September 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- second stage anomaly ; reentry Pioneer P - 31 175 Atlas - Able 15 December 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed Ranger 1 306 Atlas -- Agena 23 August 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry Ranger 2 304 Atlas -- Agena 18 November 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry Ranger 3 330 Atlas -- Agena 26 January 1962 Landing Failure -- booster guidance ; solar orbit Ranger 4 331 Atlas -- Agena 23 April 1962 Landing Partial success -- first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body ; crash impact -- no photos returned Ranger 5 342 Atlas -- Agena 18 October 1962 Landing Failure -- spacecraft power ; solar orbit Ranger 6 367 Atlas -- Agena 30 January 1964 Impact Failure -- spacecraft camera ; crash impact Ranger 7 367 Atlas -- Agena 28 July 1964 Impact Success -- returned 4308 photos , crash impact Ranger 8 367 Atlas -- Agena 17 February 1965 Impact Success -- returned 7137 photos , crash impact Ranger 9 367 Atlas -- Agena 21 March 1965 Impact Success -- returned 5814 photos , crash impact\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result\",\n \"Pioneer 0 38 Thor - Able 17 August 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed\",\n \"Pioneer 1 34 Thor - Able 11 October 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- software error ; reentry\",\n \"Pioneer 2 39 Thor - Able 8 November 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- third stage misfire ; reentry\",\n \"Pioneer 3 6 Juno 6 December 1958 Flyby Failure -- first stage misfire , reentry\",\n \"Pioneer 4 6 Juno 3 March 1959 Flyby Partial success -- first US craft to reach escape velocity , lunar flyby too far to shoot photos due to targeting error ; solar orbit\",\n \"Pioneer P - 1 168 Atlas - Able 24 September 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- pad explosion ; destroyed\",\n \"Pioneer P - 3 168 Atlas - Able 29 November 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- payload shroud ; destroyed\",\n \"Pioneer P - 30 175 Atlas - Able 25 September 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- second stage anomaly ; reentry\",\n \"Pioneer P - 31 175 Atlas - Able 15 December 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion ; destroyed\",\n \"Ranger 1 306 Atlas -- Agena 23 August 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry\",\n \"Ranger 2 304 Atlas -- Agena 18 November 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly ; reentry\",\n \"Ranger 3 330 Atlas -- Agena 26 January 1962 Landing Failure -- booster guidance ; solar orbit\",\n \"Ranger 4 331 Atlas -- Agena 23 April 1962 Landing Partial success -- first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body ; crash impact -- no photos returned\",\n \"Ranger 5 342 Atlas -- Agena 18 October 1962 Landing Failure -- spacecraft power ; solar orbit\",\n \"Ranger 6 367 Atlas -- Agena 30 January 1964 Impact Failure -- spacecraft camera ; crash impact\",\n \"Ranger 7 367 Atlas -- Agena 28 July 1964 Impact Success -- returned 4308 photos , crash impact\",\n \"Ranger 8 367 Atlas -- Agena 17 February 1965 Impact Success -- returned 7137 photos , crash impact\",\n \"Ranger 9 367 Atlas -- Agena 21 March 1965 Impact Success -- returned 5814 photos , crash impact\",\n \"Three different designs of Pioneer lunar probes were flown on three different modified ICBMs . Those flown on the Thor booster modified with an Able upper stage carried an infrared image scanning television system with a resolution of 1 milliradian to study the Moon 's surface , an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space , a diaphragm / microphone assembly to detect micrometeorites , a magnetometer , and temperature - variable resistors to monitor spacecraft internal thermal conditions . The first , a mission managed by the United States Air Force , exploded during launch ; all subsequent Pioneer lunar flights had NASA as the lead management organization . The next two returned to Earth and burned up upon reentry into the atmosphere after achieved maximum altitudes of around 110,000 kilometres ( 68,000 mi ) and 1,450 kilometres ( 900 mi ) , far short of the roughly 400,000 kilometres ( 250,000 mi ) required to reach the vicinity of the Moon .\",\n \"NASA then collaborated with the United States Army 's Ballistic Missile Agency to fly two extremely small cone - shaped probes on the Juno ICBM , carrying only photocells which would be triggered by the light of the Moon and a lunar radiation environment experiment using a Geiger - Müller tube detector . The first of these reached an altitude of only around 100,000 kilometres ( 62,000 mi ) , serendipitously gathering data that established the presence of the Van Allen radiation belts before reentering Earth 's atmosphere . The second passed by the Moon at a distance of more than 60,000 kilometres ( 37,000 mi ) , twice as far as planned and too far away to trigger either of the on - board scientific instruments , yet still becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to reach a solar orbit .\",\n \"The final Pioneer lunar probe design consisted of four `` paddlewheel '' solar panels extending from a one - meter diameter spherical spin - stabilized spacecraft body that was equipped to take images of the lunar surface with a television - like system , estimate the Moon 's mass and topography of the poles , record the distribution and velocity of micrometeorites , study radiation , measure magnetic fields , detect low frequency electromagnetic waves in space and use a sophisticated integrated propulsion system for maneuvering and orbit insertion as well . None of the four spacecraft built in this series of probes survived launch on its Atlas ICBM outfitted with an Able upper stage .\",\n \"Following the unsuccessful Atlas - Able Pioneer probes , NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory embarked upon an unmanned spacecraft development program whose modular design could be used to support both lunar and interplanetary exploration missions . The interplanetary versions were known as Mariners ; lunar versions were Rangers . JPL envisioned three versions of the Ranger lunar probes : Block I prototypes , which would carry various radiation detectors in test flights to a very high Earth orbit that came nowhere near the Moon ; Block II , which would try to accomplish the first Moon landing by hard landing a seismometer package ; and Block III , which would crash onto the lunar surface without any braking rockets while taking very high resolution wide - area photographs of the Moon during their descent .\",\n \"The Ranger 1 and 2 Block I missions were virtually identical . Spacecraft experiments included a Lyman - alpha telescope , a rubidium - vapor magnetometer , electrostatic analyzers , medium - energy - range particle detectors , two triple coincidence telescopes , a cosmic - ray integrating ionization chamber , cosmic dust detectors , and scintillation counters . The goal was to place these Block I spacecraft in a very high Earth orbit with an apogee of 110,000 kilometres ( 68,000 mi ) and a perigee of 60,000 kilometres ( 37,000 mi ) .\",\n \"From that vantage point , scientists could make direct measurements of the magnetosphere over a period of many months while engineers perfected new methods to routinely track and communicate with spacecraft over such large distances . Such practice was deemed vital to be assured of capturing high - bandwidth television transmissions from the Moon during a one - shot fifteen - minute time window in subsequent Block II and Block III lunar descents . Both Block I missions suffered failures of the new Agena upper stage and never left low Earth parking orbit after launch ; both burned up upon reentry after only a few days .\",\n \"The first attempts to perform a Moon landing took place in 1962 during the Rangers 3 , 4 and 5 missions flown by the United States . All three Block II missions basic vehicles were 3.1 m high and consisted of a lunar capsule covered with a balsa wood impact - limiter , 650 mm in diameter , a mono - propellant mid-course motor , a retrorocket with a thrust of 5,050 pounds - force ( 22.5 kN ) , and a gold - and chrome - plated hexagonal base 1.5 m in diameter . This lander ( code - named Tonto ) was designed to provide impact cushioning using an exterior blanket of crushable balsa wood and an interior filled with incompressible liquid freon . A 42 kg ( 56 pounds ) 30 - centimetre - diameter ( 0.98 ft ) metal payload sphere floated and was free to rotate in a liquid freon reservoir contained in the landing sphere .\",\n \"This payload sphere contained six silver - cadmium batteries to power a fifty - milliwatt radio transmitter , a temperature sensitive voltage controlled oscillator to measure lunar surface temperatures , and a seismometer that was designed with sensitivity high enough to detect the impact of a 5 lb ( 2.3 kg ) meteorite on the opposite side of the Moon . Weight was distributed in the payload sphere so it would rotate in its liquid blanket to place the seismometer into an upright and operational position no matter what the final resting orientation of the external landing sphere . After landing , plugs were to be opened allowing the freon to evaporate and the payload sphere to settle into upright contact with the landing sphere . The batteries were sized to allow up to three months of operation for the payload sphere . Various mission constraints limited the landing site to Oceanus Procellarum on the lunar equator , which the lander ideally would reach 66 hours after launch .\",\n \"No cameras were carried by the Ranger landers , and no pictures were to be captured from the lunar surface during the mission . Instead , the 3.1 metres ( 10 ft ) Ranger Block II mother ship carried a 200 - scan - line television camera which was to capture images during the free - fall descent to the lunar surface . The camera was designed to transmit a picture every 10 seconds . Seconds before impact , at 5 and 0.6 kilometres ( 3.11 and 0.37 mi ) above the lunar surface , the Ranger mother ships took picture ( which may be viewed here ) .\",\n \"Other instruments gathering data before the mother ship crashed onto the Moon were a gamma ray spectrometer to measure overall lunar chemical composition and a radar altimeter . The radar altimeter was to give a signal ejecting the landing capsule and its solid - fueled braking rocket overboard from the Block II mother ship . The braking rocket was to slow and the landing sphere to a dead stop at 330 metres ( 1,080 ft ) above the surface and separate , allowing the landing sphere to free fall once more and hit the surface .\",\n \"On Ranger 3 , failure of the Atlas guidance system and a software error aboard the Agena upper stage combined to put the spacecraft on a course that would miss the Moon . Attempts to salvage lunar photography during a flyby of the Moon were thwarted by in - flight failure of the onboard flight computer . This was probably because of prior heat sterilization of the spacecraft by keeping it above the boiling point of water for 24 hours on the ground , to protect the Moon from being contaminated by Earth organisms . Heat sterilization was also blamed for subsequent in - flight failures of the spacecraft computer on Ranger 4 and the power subsystem on Ranger 5 . Only Ranger 4 reached the Moon in an uncontrolled crash impact on the far side of the Moon .\",\n \"Heat sterilization was discontinued for the final four Block III Ranger probes . These replaced the Block II landing capsule and its retrorocket with a heavier , more capable television system to support landing site selection for upcoming Apollo manned Moon landing missions . Six cameras were designed to take thousands of high - altitude photographs in the final twenty - minute period before crashing on the lunar surface . Camera resolution was 1,132 scan lines , far higher than the 525 lines found in a typical U.S. 1964 home television . While Ranger 6 suffered a failure of this camera system and returned no photographs despite an otherwise successful flight , the subsequent Ranger 7 mission to Mare Cognitum was a complete success .\",\n \"Breaking the six - year string of failures in U.S. attempts to photograph the Moon at close range , the Ranger 7 mission was viewed as a national turning point and instrumental in allowing the key 1965 NASA budget appropriation to pass through the United States Congress intact without a reduction in funds for the Apollo manned Moon landing program . Subsequent successes with Ranger 8 and Ranger 9 further buoyed U.S. hopes .\",\n \"The Luna 9 spacecraft , launched by the Soviet Union , performed the first successful soft Moon landing on 3 February . Airbags protected its 99 kilograms ( 218 lb ) ejectable capsule which survived an impact speed of over 15 metres per second ( 54 km / h ) . Luna 13 duplicated this feat with a similar Moon landing on 24 December 1966 . Both returned panoramic photographs that were the first views from the lunar surface .\",\n \"Luna 16 was the first robotic probe to land on the Moon and safely return a sample of lunar soil back to Earth . It represented the first lunar sample return mission by the Soviet Union , and was the third lunar sample return mission overall , following the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions . This mission was later successfully repeated by Luna 20 ( 1972 ) and Luna 24 ( 1976 ) .\",\n \"In 1970 and 1973 two Lunokhod ( `` Moonwalker '' ) robotic lunar rovers were delivered to the Moon , where they successfully operated for 10 and 4 months respectively , covering 10.5 km ( Lunokhod 1 ) and 37 km ( Lunokhod 2 ) . These rover missions were in operation concurrently with the Zond and Luna series of Moon flyby , orbiter and landing missions .\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon Luna - 9 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 31 January 1966 Landing Success -- first lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 7.13 ° N 64.37 ° W Luna - 13 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 21 December 1966 Landing Success -- second lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 18 ° 52'N 62 ° 3'W Proton 19 February 1969 Lunar rover Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Proton 14 June 1969 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 15 5,700 Proton 13 July 1969 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Crisium unknown Cosmos - 300 Proton 23 September 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Cosmos - 305 Proton 22 October 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Proton 6 February 1970 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 16 5,600 Proton 12 September 1970 Sample return Success -- returned 0.10 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 000.68 S 056.30 E Luna - 17 5,700 Proton 10 November 1970 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 1 rover traveled 10.5 km across lunar surface Mare Imbrium 038.28 N 325.00 E Luna - 18 5,750 Proton 2 September 1971 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E Luna - 20 5,727 Proton 14 February 1972 Sample return Success -- returned 0.05 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E Luna - 21 5,950 Proton 8 January 1973 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 2 rover traveled 37.0 km across lunar surface LeMonnier Crater 025.85 N 030.45 E Luna - 23 5,800 Proton 28 October 1974 Sample return Failure -- Moon landing achieved , but malfunction prevented sample return Mare Crisium 012.00 N 062.00 E Proton 16 October 1975 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Luna - 24 5,800 Proton 9 August 1976 Sample return Success -- returned 0.17 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Crisium 012.25 N 062.20 E\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon\",\n \"Luna - 9 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 31 January 1966 Landing Success -- first lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 7.13 ° N 64.37 ° W\",\n \"Luna - 13 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 21 December 1966 Landing Success -- second lunar soft landing , numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 18 ° 52'N 62 ° 3'W\",\n \"Proton 19 February 1969 Lunar rover Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Proton 14 June 1969 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Luna - 15 5,700 Proton 13 July 1969 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Crisium unknown\",\n \"Cosmos - 300 Proton 23 September 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit\",\n \"Cosmos - 305 Proton 22 October 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit\",\n \"Proton 6 February 1970 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Luna - 16 5,600 Proton 12 September 1970 Sample return Success -- returned 0.10 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 000.68 S 056.30 E\",\n \"Luna - 17 5,700 Proton 10 November 1970 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 1 rover traveled 10.5 km across lunar surface Mare Imbrium 038.28 N 325.00 E\",\n \"Luna - 18 5,750 Proton 2 September 1971 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E\",\n \"Luna - 20 5,727 Proton 14 February 1972 Sample return Success -- returned 0.05 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 003.57 N 056.50 E\",\n \"Luna - 21 5,950 Proton 8 January 1973 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod - 2 rover traveled 37.0 km across lunar surface LeMonnier Crater 025.85 N 030.45 E\",\n \"Luna - 23 5,800 Proton 28 October 1974 Sample return Failure -- Moon landing achieved , but malfunction prevented sample return Mare Crisium 012.00 N 062.00 E\",\n \"Proton 16 October 1975 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Luna - 24 5,800 Proton 9 August 1976 Sample return Success -- returned 0.17 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Crisium 012.25 N 062.20 E\",\n \"The U.S. robotic Surveyor program was part of an effort to locate a safe site on the Moon for a human landing and test under lunar conditions the radar and landing systems required to make a true controlled touchdown . Five of Surveyor 's seven missions made successful unmanned Moon landings . Surveyor 3 was visited two years after its Moon landing by the crew of Apollo 12 . They removed parts of it for examination back on Earth to determine the effects of long - term exposure to the lunar environment .\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon Surveyor 1 292 Atlas -- Centaur 30 May 1966 Landing Success -- 11,000 pictures returned , first U.S. Moon landing Oceanus Procellarum 002.45 S 043.22 W Surveyor 2 292 Atlas -- Centaur 20 September 1966 Landing Failure -- midcourse engine malfunction , placing vehicle in unrecoverable tumble ; crashed southeast of Copernicus Crater Sinus Medii 004.00 S 011.00 W Surveyor 3 302 Atlas -- Centaur 20 April 1967 Landing Success -- 6,000 pictures returned ; trench dug to 17.5 cm depth after 18 hr of robot arm use Oceanus Procellarum 002.94 S 336.66 E Surveyor 4 282 Atlas -- Centaur 14 July 1967 Landing Failure -- radio contact lost 2.5 minutes before touchdown ; perfect automated Moon landing possible but outcome unknown Sinus Medii unknown Surveyor 5 303 Atlas -- Centaur 8 September 1967 Landing Success -- 19,000 photos returned , first use of alpha scatter soil composition monitor Mare Tranquillitatis 001.41 N 023.18 E Surveyor 6 300 Atlas -- Centaur 7 November 1967 Landing Success -- 30,000 photos returned , robot arm & alpha scatter science , engine restart , second landing 2.5 m away from first Sinus Medii 000.46 N 358.63 E Surveyor 7 306 Atlas -- Centaur 7 January 1968 Landing Success -- 21,000 photos returned ; robot arm & alpha scatter science ; laser beams from Earth detected Tycho Crater 041.01 S 348.59 E\",\n \"Mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon\",\n \"Surveyor 1 292 Atlas -- Centaur 30 May 1966 Landing Success -- 11,000 pictures returned , first U.S. Moon landing Oceanus Procellarum 002.45 S 043.22 W\",\n \"Surveyor 2 292 Atlas -- Centaur 20 September 1966 Landing Failure -- midcourse engine malfunction , placing vehicle in unrecoverable tumble ; crashed southeast of Copernicus Crater Sinus Medii 004.00 S 011.00 W\",\n \"Surveyor 3 302 Atlas -- Centaur 20 April 1967 Landing Success -- 6,000 pictures returned ; trench dug to 17.5 cm depth after 18 hr of robot arm use Oceanus Procellarum 002.94 S 336.66 E\",\n \"Surveyor 4 282 Atlas -- Centaur 14 July 1967 Landing Failure -- radio contact lost 2.5 minutes before touchdown ; perfect automated Moon landing possible but outcome unknown Sinus Medii unknown\",\n \"Surveyor 5 303 Atlas -- Centaur 8 September 1967 Landing Success -- 19,000 photos returned , first use of alpha scatter soil composition monitor Mare Tranquillitatis 001.41 N 023.18 E\",\n \"Surveyor 6 300 Atlas -- Centaur 7 November 1967 Landing Success -- 30,000 photos returned , robot arm & alpha scatter science , engine restart , second landing 2.5 m away from first Sinus Medii 000.46 N 358.63 E\",\n \"Surveyor 7 306 Atlas -- Centaur 7 January 1968 Landing Success -- 21,000 photos returned ; robot arm & alpha scatter science ; laser beams from Earth detected Tycho Crater 041.01 S 348.59 E\",\n \"Within four months of each other in early 1966 the Soviet Union and the United States had accomplished successful Moon landings with unmanned spacecraft . To the general public both countries had demonstrated roughly equal technical capabilities by returning photographic images from the surface of the Moon . These pictures provided a key affirmative answer to the crucial question of whether or not lunar soil would support upcoming manned landers with their much greater weight .\",\n \"However , the Luna 9 hard landing of a ruggedized sphere using airbags at a 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) - per - hour ballistic impact speed had much more in common with the failed 1962 Ranger landing attempts and their planned 160 kilometres ( 99 mi ) - per - hour impacts than with the Surveyor 1 soft landing on three footpads using its radar - controlled , adjustable - thrust retrorocket . While Luna 9 and Surveyor 1 were both major national accomplishments , only Surveyor 1 had reached its landing site employing key technologies that would be needed for a manned flight . Thus as of mid-1966 , the United States had begun to pull ahead of the Soviet Union in the so - called Space Race to land a man on the Moon .\",\n \"Advances in other areas were necessary before manned spacecraft could follow unmanned ones to the surface of the Moon . Of particular importance was developing the expertise to perform flight operations in lunar orbit . Ranger , Surveyor and initial Luna Moon landing attempts all utilized flight paths from Earth that traveled directly to the lunar surface without first placing the spacecraft in a lunar orbit . Such direct ascents use a minimum amount of fuel for unmanned spacecraft on a one - way trip .\",\n \"In contrast , manned vehicles need additional fuel after a lunar landing to enable a return trip back to Earth for the crew . Leaving this massive amount of required Earth - return fuel in lunar orbit until it is used later in the mission is far more efficient than taking such fuel down to the lunar surface in a Moon landing and then hauling it all back into space yet again , working against lunar gravity both ways . Such considerations lead logically to a lunar orbit rendezvous mission profile for a manned Moon landing .\",\n \"Accordingly , beginning in mid-1966 both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. naturally progressed into missions which featured lunar orbit operations as a necessary prerequisite to a manned Moon landing . The primary goals of these initial unmanned orbiters were extensive photographic mapping of the entire lunar surface for the selection of manned landing sites and , for the Soviets , the checkout of radio communications gear that would be used in future soft landings .\",\n \"An unexpected major discovery from initial lunar orbiters were vast volumes of dense materials beneath the surface of the Moon 's maria . Such mass concentrations ( `` mascons '' ) can send a manned mission dangerously off course in the final minutes of a Moon landing when aiming for a relatively small landing zone that is smooth and safe . Mascons were also found over a longer period of time to greatly disturb the orbits of low - altitude satellites around the Moon , making their orbits unstable and forcing an inevitable crash on the lunar surface in the relatively short period of months to a few years .\",\n \"Controlling the location of impact for spent lunar orbiters can have scientific value . For example , in 1999 the NASA Lunar Prospector orbiter was deliberately targeted to impact a permanently shadowed area of Shoemaker Crater near the lunar south pole . It was hoped that energy from the impact would vaporize suspected shadowed ice deposits in the crater and liberate a water vapor plume that would be detectable from Earth . No such plume was observed . However , a small vial of ashes from the body of pioneer lunar scientist Eugene Shoemaker was delivered by the Lunar Prospector to the crater named in his honor -- currently the only human remains on the Moon .\",\n \"U.S.S.R. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result Cosmos -- 111 Molniya - M 1 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Luna - 10 1,582 Molniya - M 31 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,738 km x 2,088 km x 72 deg orbit , 178 m period , 60 - day science mission Luna - 11 1,640 Molniya - M 24 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,931 km x 1,898 km x 27 deg orbit , 178 m period , 38 - day science mission Luna - 12 1,620 Molniya - M 22 October 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,938 km x 1,871 km x 10 deg orbit , 205 m period , 89 - day science mission Cosmos - 159 1,700 Molniya - M 17 May 1967 Prototype test Success -- high Earth orbit manned landing communications gear radio calibration test Molniya - M 7 February 1968 Lunar orbiter Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit -- attempted radio calibration test ? Luna - 14 1,700 Molniya - M 7 April 1968 Lunar orbiter Success -- 870 km x 160 km x 42 deg orbit , 160 m period , unstable orbit , radio calibration test ? Luna - 19 5,700 Proton 28 September 1971 Lunar orbiter Success -- 140 km x 140 km x 41 deg orbit , 121 m period , 388 - day science mission Luna - 22 5,700 Proton 29 May 1974 Lunar orbiter Success -- 222 km x 219 km x 19 deg orbit , 130 m period , 521 - day science mission\",\n \"U.S.S.R. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result\",\n \"Cosmos -- 111 Molniya - M 1 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit\",\n \"Luna - 10 1,582 Molniya - M 31 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,738 km x 2,088 km x 72 deg orbit , 178 m period , 60 - day science mission\",\n \"Luna - 11 1,640 Molniya - M 24 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,931 km x 1,898 km x 27 deg orbit , 178 m period , 38 - day science mission\",\n \"Luna - 12 1,620 Molniya - M 22 October 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,938 km x 1,871 km x 10 deg orbit , 205 m period , 89 - day science mission\",\n \"Cosmos - 159 1,700 Molniya - M 17 May 1967 Prototype test Success -- high Earth orbit manned landing communications gear radio calibration test\",\n \"Molniya - M 7 February 1968 Lunar orbiter Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit -- attempted radio calibration test ?\",\n \"Luna - 14 1,700 Molniya - M 7 April 1968 Lunar orbiter Success -- 870 km x 160 km x 42 deg orbit , 160 m period , unstable orbit , radio calibration test ?\",\n \"Luna - 19 5,700 Proton 28 September 1971 Lunar orbiter Success -- 140 km x 140 km x 41 deg orbit , 121 m period , 388 - day science mission\",\n \"Luna - 22 5,700 Proton 29 May 1974 Lunar orbiter Success -- 222 km x 219 km x 19 deg orbit , 130 m period , 521 - day science mission\",\n \"Luna 10 became the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon on 3 April 1966 .\",\n \"U.S. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result Lunar Orbiter 1 386 Atlas -- Agena 10 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,160 km X 189 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 80 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 2 386 Atlas -- Agena 6 November 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 339 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 3 386 Atlas -- Agena 5 February 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 21 deg orbit , 208 m period , 246 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 4 386 Atlas -- Agena 4 May 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,111 km X 2,706 km x 86 deg orbit , 721 m period , 180 - day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 5 386 Atlas -- Agena 1 August 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,023 km X 195 km x 85 deg orbit , 510 m period , 183 - day photography mission\",\n \"U.S. mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result\",\n \"Lunar Orbiter 1 386 Atlas -- Agena 10 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,160 km X 189 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 80 - day photography mission\",\n \"Lunar Orbiter 2 386 Atlas -- Agena 6 November 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 12 deg orbit , 208 m period , 339 - day photography mission\",\n \"Lunar Orbiter 3 386 Atlas -- Agena 5 February 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 21 deg orbit , 208 m period , 246 - day photography mission\",\n \"Lunar Orbiter 4 386 Atlas -- Agena 4 May 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,111 km X 2,706 km x 86 deg orbit , 721 m period , 180 - day photography mission\",\n \"Lunar Orbiter 5 386 Atlas -- Agena 1 August 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,023 km X 195 km x 85 deg orbit , 510 m period , 183 - day photography mission\",\n \"It is possible to aim a spacecraft from Earth so that it will loop around the Moon and return to Earth without entering lunar orbit , following the so - called free return trajectory . Such circumlunar loop missions are simpler than lunar orbit missions because rockets for lunar orbit braking and Earth return are not required . However , a manned circumlunar loop trip poses significant challenges above and beyond those found in a manned low - Earth - orbit mission , offering valuable lessons in preparation for a manned Moon landing . Foremost among these are mastering the demands of re-entering the Earth 's atmosphere upon returning from the Moon .\",\n \"Manned Earth - orbiting vehicles such as the Space Shuttle return to Earth from speeds of around 17,000 miles per hour ( 27,000 km / h ; 7,600 m / s ) . Due to the effects of gravity , a vehicle returning from the Moon hits Earth 's atmosphere at a much higher speed of around 25,000 miles per hour ( 40,000 km / h ; 11,000 m / s ) . The g - loading on astronauts during the resulting deceleration can be at the limits of human endurance even during a nominal reentry . Slight variations in the vehicle flight path and reentry angle during a return from the Moon can easily result in fatal levels of deceleration force .\",\n \"Achieving a manned circumlunar loop flight prior to a manned lunar landing became a primary goal of the Soviets with their Zond spacecraft program . The first three Zonds were unmanned planetary probes ; after that , the Zond name was transferred to a completely separate manned program . The initial focus of these later Zonds was extensive testing of required high - speed reentry techniques . This focus was not shared by the U.S. , who chose instead to bypass the stepping stone of a manned circumlunar loop mission and never developed a separate spacecraft for this purpose .\",\n \"Initial manned spaceflights in the early 1960s placed a single person in low Earth orbit during the Soviet Vostok and U.S. Mercury programs . A two - flight extension of the Vostok program known as Voskhod effectively used Vostok capsules with their ejection seats removed to achieve Soviet space firsts of multiple person crews in 1964 and spacewalks in early 1965 . These capabilities were later demonstrated by the U.S. in ten Gemini low Earth orbit missions throughout 1965 and 1966 , using a totally new second - generation spacecraft design that had little in common with the earlier Mercury . These Gemini missions went on to prove critical techniques for orbital rendezvous and docking that were crucial to a manned lunar landing mission profile .\",\n \"After the end of the Gemini program , the Soviets Union began flying their second - generation Zond manned spacecraft in 1967 with the ultimate goal of looping a cosmonaut around the Moon and returning him immediately to Earth . The Zond spacecraft was launched with the simpler and already operational Proton launch rocket , unlike the parallel Soviet manned Moon landing effort also underway at the time based on third - generation Soyuz spacecraft requiring development of the advanced N - 1 booster . The Soviets thus believed they could achieve a manned Zond circumlunar flight years before a U.S. manned lunar landing and so score a propaganda victory . However , significant development problems delayed the Zond program and the success of the U.S. Apollo lunar landing program led to the eventual termination of the Zond effort .\",\n \"Like Zond , Apollo Moon flights were generally launched on a free return trajectory that would return them to Earth via a circumlunar loop in the event that a Service Module malfunction failed to place them in lunar orbit as planned . This option was implemented after an explosion aboard the Apollo 13 mission in 1970 , which is the only manned circumlunar loop mission flown to date .\",\n \"U.S.S.R mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Payload Mission result Cosmos - 146 5,400 Proton 10 March 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test Cosmos - 154 5,400 Proton 8 April 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test Proton 28 September 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Proton 22 November 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Zond - 4 5,140 Proton 2 March 1968 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- launched successfully to 300,000 km high Earth orbit , high speed reentry test guidance malfunction , intentional self - destruct to prevent landfall outside Soviet Union Proton 23 April 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit ; launch preparation tank explosion kills three in pad crew Zond - 5 5,375 Proton 15 September 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned live biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside the Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean Zond - 6 5,375 Proton 10 November 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Partial success -- looped around Moon , successful reentry , but loss of cabin air pressure caused biological payload death , parachute system malfunction and severe vehicle damage upon landing Proton 20 January 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit Zond - 7 5,979 Proton 8 August 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth and landed on - target inside Soviet Union . Only Zond mission whose reentry G - forces would have been survivable by human crew had they been aboard . Zond - 8 5,375 Proton 20 October 1970 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean\",\n \"U.S.S.R mission Mass ( kg ) Booster Launched Mission goal Payload Mission result\",\n \"Cosmos - 146 5,400 Proton 10 March 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test\",\n \"Cosmos - 154 5,400 Proton 8 April 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit , but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test\",\n \"Proton 28 September 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Proton 22 November 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Zond - 4 5,140 Proton 2 March 1968 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- launched successfully to 300,000 km high Earth orbit , high speed reentry test guidance malfunction , intentional self - destruct to prevent landfall outside Soviet Union\",\n \"Proton 23 April 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit ; launch preparation tank explosion kills three in pad crew\",\n \"Zond - 5 5,375 Proton 15 September 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned live biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside the Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean\",\n \"Zond - 6 5,375 Proton 10 November 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Partial success -- looped around Moon , successful reentry , but loss of cabin air pressure caused biological payload death , parachute system malfunction and severe vehicle damage upon landing\",\n \"Proton 20 January 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction , failed to reach Earth orbit\",\n \"Zond - 7 5,979 Proton 8 August 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth and landed on - target inside Soviet Union . Only Zond mission whose reentry G - forces would have been survivable by human crew had they been aboard .\",\n \"Zond - 8 5,375 Proton 20 October 1970 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon , returned biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off - target outside Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean\",\n \"Zond 5 was the first spacecraft to carry life from Earth to the vicinity of the Moon and return , initiating the final lap of the Space Race with its payload of turtles , insects , plants and bacteria . Despite the failure suffered in its final moments , the Zond 6 mission was reported by Soviet media as being a success as well . Although hailed worldwide as remarkable achievements , both of these Zond missions flew off - nominal reentry trajectories resulting in deceleration forces that would have been fatal to human crewmembers had they been aboard .\",\n \"As a result , the Soviets secretly planned to continue unmanned Zond tests until their reliability to support manned flight had been demonstrated . However , due to NASA 's continuing problems with the lunar module , and because of CIA reports of a potential Soviet manned circumlunar flight in late 1968 , NASA fatefully changed the flight plan of Apollo 8 from an Earth - orbit lunar module test to a lunar orbit mission scheduled for late December 1968 .\",\n \"In early December 1968 the launch window to the Moon opened for the Soviet launch site in Baikonur , giving the USSR their final chance to beat the US to the Moon . Cosmonauts went on alert and asked to fly the Zond spacecraft then in final countdown at Baikonur on the first manned trip to the Moon . Ultimately , however , the Soviet Politburo decided the risk of crew death was unacceptable given the combined poor performance to that point of Zond / Proton and so scrubbed the launch of a manned Soviet lunar mission . Their decision proved to be a wise one , since this unnumbered Zond mission was destroyed in another unmanned test when it was finally launched several weeks later .\",\n \"By this time flights of the third generation U.S. Apollo spacecraft had begun . Far more capable than the Zond , the Apollo spacecraft had the necessary rocket power to slip into and out of lunar orbit and to make course adjustments required for a safe reentry during the return to Earth . The Apollo 8 mission carried out the first manned trip to the Moon on 24 December 1968 , certifying the Saturn V booster for manned use and flying not a circumlunar loop but instead a full ten orbits around the Moon before returning safely to Earth . Apollo 10 then performed a full dress rehearsal of a manned Moon landing in May 1969 . This mission orbited within 47,400 feet ( 14.4 km ) altitude above the lunar surface , performing necessary low - altitude mapping of trajectory - altering mascons using a factory prototype lunar module that was too overweight to allow a successful landing . With the failure of the unmanned Soviet sample return Moon landing attempt Luna 15 in July 1969 , the stage was set for Apollo 11 .\",\n \"Plans for manned Moon exploration originated during the Eisenhower administration . In a series of mid-1950s articles in Collier 's magazine , Wernher von Braun had popularized the idea of a manned expedition to the Moon to establish a lunar base . A manned Moon landing posed several daunting technical challenges to the US and USSR . Besides guidance and weight management , atmospheric re-entry without ablative overheating was a major hurdle . After the Soviet Union 's launch of Sputnik , von Braun promoted a plan for the United States Army to establish a military lunar outpost by 1965 .\",\n \"After the early Soviet successes , especially Yuri Gagarin 's flight , US President John F. Kennedy looked for a US project that would capture the public imagination . He asked Vice President Lyndon Johnson to make recommendations on a scientific endeavor that would prove US world leadership . The proposals included non-space options such as massive irrigation projects to benefit the Third World . The Soviets , at the time , had more powerful rockets than the United States , which gave them an advantage in some kinds of space mission .\",\n \"Advances in US nuclear weapon technology had led to smaller , lighter warheads , and consequently , rockets with smaller payload capacities . By comparison , Soviet nuclear weapons were much heavier , and the powerful R - 7 rocket was developed to carry them . More modest potential missions such as flying around the Moon without landing or establishing a space lab in orbit ( both were proposed by Kennedy to von Braun ) were determined to offer too much advantage to the Soviets , since the US would have to develop a heavy rocket to match the Soviets . A Moon landing , however , would capture world imagination while functioning as propaganda .\",\n \"Johnson had championed the US manned space program ever since the Sputnik scare , sponsoring the legislation which created NASA when he was in the Senate in 1958 . When Kennedy asked him in 1961 to research the best manned space achievement to counter the Soviets ' lead , Johnson responded that the US had an even chance of beating the USSR to a manned lunar landing , but not for anything less . Kennedy seized on Apollo as the ideal focus for efforts in space . He ensured continuing funding , shielding space spending from the 1963 tax cut , but diverting money from other NASA scientific projects . This last dismayed NASA 's leader , James E. Webb , who perceived the need for NASA 's support from the scientific community .\",\n \"The Moon landing required development of the large Saturn V launch vehicle , which achieved a perfect record of zero catastrophic failures or launch vehicle - caused mission failures , in thirteen launches .\",\n \"For the program to succeed , its proponents would have to defeat criticism from politicians on the left , who wanted more money spent on social programs , and on those on the right , who favored a more military project . By emphasizing the scientific payoff and playing on fears of Soviet space dominance , Kennedy and Johnson managed to swing public opinion : by 1965 , 58 percent of Americans favored Apollo , up from 33 percent two years earlier . After Johnson became President in 1963 , his continuing defense of the program allowed it to succeed in 1969 , as Kennedy planned .\",\n \"Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev said in October 1963 that the USSR was `` not at present planning flight by cosmonauts to the Moon , '' while insisting that the Soviets had not dropped out of the race . Only after another year would the USSR fully commit itself to a Moon - landing attempt , which ultimately failed .\",\n \"At the same time , Kennedy had suggested various joint programs , including a possible Moon landing by Soviet and U.S. astronauts and the development of better weather - monitoring satellites . Khrushchev , sensing an attempt by Kennedy to steal Russian space technology , rejected the idea : if the USSR went to the Moon , it would go alone . Sergey Korolev , the Soviet space program 's chief designer , had started promoting his Soyuz craft and the N1 launcher rocket that would have the capability of carrying out a manned Moon landing .\",\n \"Khrushchev directed Korolev 's design bureau to arrange further space firsts by modifying the existing Vostok technology , while a second team started building a completely new launcher and craft , the Proton booster and the Zond , for a manned cislunar flight in 1966 . In 1964 the new Soviet leadership gave Korolev the backing for a Moon landing effort and brought all manned projects under his direction .\",\n \"With Korolev 's death and the failure of the first Soyuz flight in 1967 , the co-ordination of the Soviet Moon landing program quickly unraveled . The Soviets built a landing craft and selected cosmonauts for the mission that would have placed Aleksei Leonov on the Moon 's surface , but with the successive launch failures of the N1 booster in 1969 , plans for a manned landing suffered first delay and then cancellation .\",\n \"In total , twenty - four U.S. astronauts have traveled to the Moon . Three have made the trip twice , and twelve have walked on its surface . Apollo 8 was a lunar - orbit - only mission , Apollo 10 included undocking and Descent Orbit Insertion ( DOI ) , followed by LM staging to CSM redocking , while Apollo 13 , originally scheduled as a landing , ended up as a lunar fly - by , by means of free return trajectory ; thus , none of these missions made landings . Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 were Earth - orbit - only missions . Apart from the inherent dangers of manned Moon expeditions as seen with Apollo 13 , one reason for their cessation according to astronaut Alan Bean is the cost it imposes in government subsidies .\",\n \"Mission name Lunar lander Lunar landing date Lunar liftoff date Lunar landing site Duration on lunar surface Crew Number of EVAs Total EVA Time ( HH : MM ) Apollo 11 Eagle 20 July 1969 21 July 1969 Sea of Tranquility 21 : 31 Neil Armstrong , Edwin `` Buzz '' Aldrin 2 : 31 Apollo 12 Intrepid 19 November 1969 21 November 1969 Ocean of Storms 1 - day , 7 : 31 Charles `` Pete '' Conrad , Alan Bean 7 : 45 Apollo 14 Antares 5 February 1971 6 February 1971 Fra Mauro 1 - day , 9 : 30 Alan B. Shepard , Edgar Mitchell 9 : 21 Apollo 15 Falcon 30 July 1971 2 August 1971 Hadley Rille 2 days , 18 : 55 David Scott , James Irwin 18 : 33 Apollo 16 Orion 21 April 1972 24 April 1972 Descartes Highlands 2 days , 23 : 02 John Young , Charles Duke 20 : 14 Apollo 17 Challenger 11 December 1972 14 December 1972 Taurus -- Littrow 3 days , 2 : 59 Eugene Cernan , Harrison `` Jack '' Schmitt 22 : 04\",\n \"Mission name Lunar lander Lunar landing date Lunar liftoff date Lunar landing site Duration on lunar surface Crew Number of EVAs Total EVA Time ( HH : MM )\",\n \"Apollo 11 Eagle 20 July 1969 21 July 1969 Sea of Tranquility 21 : 31 Neil Armstrong , Edwin `` Buzz '' Aldrin 2 : 31\",\n \"Apollo 12 Intrepid 19 November 1969 21 November 1969 Ocean of Storms 1 - day , 7 : 31 Charles `` Pete '' Conrad , Alan Bean 7 : 45\",\n \"Apollo 14 Antares 5 February 1971 6 February 1971 Fra Mauro 1 - day , 9 : 30 Alan B. Shepard , Edgar Mitchell 9 : 21\",\n \"Apollo 15 Falcon 30 July 1971 2 August 1971 Hadley Rille 2 days , 18 : 55 David Scott , James Irwin 18 : 33\",\n \"Apollo 16 Orion 21 April 1972 24 April 1972 Descartes Highlands 2 days , 23 : 02 John Young , Charles Duke 20 : 14\",\n \"Apollo 17 Challenger 11 December 1972 14 December 1972 Taurus -- Littrow 3 days , 2 : 59 Eugene Cernan , Harrison `` Jack '' Schmitt 22 : 04\",\n \"Unlike other international rivalries , the Space Race has remained unaffected in a direct way regarding the desire for territorial expansion . After the successful landings on the Moon , the U.S. explicitly disclaimed the right to ownership of any part of the Moon .\",\n \"President Richard Nixon had speechwriter William Safire prepare a condolence speech for delivery in the event that Armstrong and Aldrin became marooned on the Moon 's surface and could not be rescued .\",\n \"In 1951 , science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke forecast that man would reach the Moon by 1978 .\",\n \"On 16 August 2006 , the Associated Press reported that NASA is missing the original Slow - scan television tapes ( which were made before the scan conversion for conventional TV ) of the Apollo 11 Moon walk . Some news outlets have mistakenly reported that the SSTV tapes were found in Western Australia , but those tapes were only recordings of data from the Apollo 11 Early Apollo Surface Experiments Package .\",\n \"Scientists believe the six American flags planted by astronauts have been bleached white because of more than 40 years of exposure to solar radiation . Using LROC images , five of the six American flags are still standing and casting shadows at all of the sites , except Apollo 11 . Astronaut Buzz Aldrin reported that the flag was blown over by the exhaust from the ascent engine during liftoff of Apollo 11 .\",\n \"Launched on 24 January 1990 , 11 : 46 UTC . At the end of its mission , the Japanese lunar orbiter Hiten was commanded to crash into the lunar surface and did so on 10 April 1993 at 18 : 03 : 25.7 UT ( 11 April 03 : 03 : 25.7 JST ) .\",\n \"Lunar Prospector was launched on 7 January 1998 . The mission ended on 31 July 1999 , when the orbiter was deliberately crashed into a crater near the lunar south pole after the presence of water ice was successfully detected .\",\n \"Launched 27 September 2003 , 23 : 14 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou , French Guiana . At the end of its mission , the ESA lunar orbiter SMART - 1 performed a controlled crash into the Moon , at about 2 km / s . The time of the crash was 3 September 2006 , at 5 : 42 UTC .\",\n \"SELENE or Kaguya was launched on 14 September 2007 . After successfully orbiting the Moon for a year and eight months , the main orbiter was instructed to impact on the lunar surface near the crater Gill at 18 : 25 UTC on 10 June 2009 .\",\n \"The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 , launched 24 October 2007 , 10 : 05 UTC , executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009 , 20 : 44 GMT , after a 16 - month mission .\",\n \"Chandrayaan - 1 was launched on 22 October 2008 , 00 : 52 UTC . The impactor , the Moon Impact Probe , impacted near Shackleton Crater at the south pole of the lunar surface at 14 November 2008 , 20 : 31 IST . Chandrayaan - 2 is scheduled for launch in 2018 .\",\n \"The LCROSS data collecting shepherding spacecraft was launched together with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO ) on 18 June 2009 on board an Atlas V rocket with a Centaur upper stage . On 9 October 2009 , at 11 : 31 UTC , the Centaur upper stage impacted the lunar surface , releasing the kinetic energy equivalent of detonating approximately 2 tons of TNT ( 8.86 GJ ) . Six minutes later at 11 : 37 UTC , the LCROSS shepherding spacecraft also impacted the surface .\",\n \"The GRAIL mission consisted of two small spacecraft : GRAIL A ( Ebb ) , and GRAIL B ( Flow ) . They were launched on 10 September 2011 on board a Delta II rocket . GRAIL A separated from the rocket about nine minutes after launch , and GRAIL B followed about eight minutes later . The first probe entered orbit on 31 December 2011 and the second followed on 1 January 2012 . The two spacecraft impacted the Lunar surface on 17 December 2012 .\",\n \"LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013 . The mission ended on 18 April 2014 , when the spacecraft 's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon , which , later , was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater .\",\n \"On 14 December 2013 at 13 : 12 UTC Chang'e 3 soft - landed a rover on the Moon . This was the first lunar soft landing since Luna 24 on 22 August 1976 .\",\n \"Progress in space exploration has recently broadened the phrase moon landing to include other moons in the Solar System as well . The Huygens probe of the Cassini -- Huygens mission to Saturn performed a successful unmanned moon landing on Titan in 2005 . Similarly , the Soviet probe Phobos 2 came within 120 mi ( 190 km ) of performing an unmanned moon landing on Mars ' moon Phobos in 1989 before radio contact with that lander was suddenly lost . A similar Russian sample return mission called Fobos - Grunt ( `` grunt '' means `` soil '' in Russian ) launched in November 2011 , but stalled in low Earth orbit . There is widespread interest in performing a future moon landing on Jupiter 's Europa moon to drill down and explore the possible liquid water ocean beneath its icy surface .\",\n \"China is planning to land another rover and collect samples in the Chang'e 4 mission and return lunar soil samples by 2018 in the Chang'e 5 mission .\",\n \"ISRO , the Indian National Space agency , is planning a second version of Chandrayaan named Chandrayaan 2 . According to former ISRO Chairman G. Madhavan Nair , `` The Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) hopes to land two rovers -- one Indian and another Russian -- on the Moon in 2018 , as a part of its second Chandrayaan mission . The rover will be designed to move on wheels on the lunar surface , pick up samples of soil or rocks , do on - site chemical analysis and send the data to the mother - spacecraft Chandrayaan II , which will be orbiting above . Chandrayaan II will transmit the data to Earth . '' The payloads have already been finalized . ISRO has mentioned that due to weight restrictions it will not be carrying any overseas payloads on this mission . The lander weight is projected to be 1,250 kg , and the spacecraft will be launched by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle .\",\n \"Russia 's Luna - Glob 1 is expected to be launched in 2018 . In 2007 the head of the Russian Space Agency announced plans to send cosmonauts to the Moon by 2025 and establish a permanent robotically operated base there in 2027 -- 2032 . In 2015 , Roscosmos stated that Russia plans to place a cosmonaut on the Moon by 2030 , leaving Mars to NASA . The purpose is to work jointly with NASA and avoid another Space Race .\",\n \"The Lunar Precursor Robotic Program ( LPRP ) is a program of robotic spacecraft missions which NASA will use to prepare for future Moon landings . Three orbiters have been launched in the program , the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO ) , the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite ( LCROSS ) , and the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer ( LADEE ) , launched in 2013 , but no Moon landings are scheduled yet .\",\n \"The Google Lunar X Prize competition offers a $20 million award for the first privately funded team to land a robotic probe on the Moon . Like the Ansari X Prize before it , the competition aims to advance the state of the art in private space exploration . Of the several competing teams , Puli Space Technologies at one time ( 2012 ) planned to launch in 2014 and Astrobotic Technology plans to launch in the second half of 2016 with their own rover plus another team 's lunar rovers from Hakuto .\",\n \"Many conspiracy theorists hold that the Apollo Moon landings were a hoax ; however , empirical evidence is readily available to show that manned moon landings did indeed occur . Anyone on Earth with an appropriate laser and telescope system can bounce laser beams off three retroreflector arrays left on the Moon by Apollo 11 , 14 and 15 , verifying deployment of the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment at historically documented Apollo Moon landing sites and so proving equipment constructed on Earth was successfully transported to the surface of the Moon . In addition , in August 2009 NASA 's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter began to send back high resolution photos of the Apollo landing sites . These photos show not only the large Descent Stages of the lunar landers left behind but also tracks of the astronauts ' walking paths in the lunar dust .\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"Moon landing - wikipedia Moon landing Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the general topic. For the first manned Moon landing, see Apollo 11 and Apollo program . For other uses, see Moon landing (disambiguation) . `` Race to the Moon'' redirects here. For the Cold War topic, see Space Race . Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date (top). Luna programme (USSR) Chang'e 3 (China) Surveyor program (USA) Apollo program (USA) Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program, all soft landings were unmanned. Luna 2 was the first man-made object to reach the surface of the Moon (bottom-left). Still frame from a video transmission, taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon, at 02:56 UTC on 21 July 1969. An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time. A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon . This includes both manned and unmanned (robotic) missions. The first human-made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union 's Luna 2 mission, on 13 September 1959. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There have been six manned U.S. landings (between 1969 and 1972) and numerous unmanned landings, with no soft landings happening from 22 August 1976 until 14 December 2013. To date, the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. Contents ( hide ) 1 Unmanned landings 2 Manned landings 3 Scientific background 4 Political background 5 Early Soviet unmanned lunar missions (1958-- 1965) 6 Early U.S. unmanned lunar missions (1958-- 1965) 6.1 Pioneer missions 6.2 Ranger missions 7 Soviet unmanned soft landings (1966-- 1976) 8 U.S. unmanned soft landings (1966-- 1968) 9 Transition from direct ascent landings to lunar orbit operations 10 Soviet lunar orbit satellites (1966-- 1974) 11 U.S. lunar orbit satellites (1966-- 1967) 12 Soviet circumlunar loop flights (1967-- 1970) 13 Manned Moon landings (1969-- 1972) 13.1 US strategy 13.2 Soviet strategy 13.3 Apollo missions 13.4 Manned Moon landings 13.5 Other aspects of the Apollo Moon successful landings 14 Late 20th-- 21st century unmanned crash landings 14.1 Hiten (Japan) 14.2 Lunar Prospector (USA) 14.3 SMART-1 (ESA) 14.4 SELENE (Japan) 14.5 Chang'e 1 (China) 14.6 Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2 (India) 14.7 LCROSS (USA) 14.8 GRAIL (USA) 14.9 LADEE (USA) 15 21st century unmanned soft landings 15.1 Chang'e 3 (China) 16 Landings on moons of other Solar System bodies 17 Proposed future missions 18 Historical empirical evidence 19 See also 20 References and notes 21 External links Unmanned landings ( edit ) After the unsuccessful attempt by the Luna 1 to land on the moon in 1959, the Soviet Union performed the first hard (unpowered) moon landing later that same year with the Luna 2 spacecraft, a feat the U.S. duplicated in 1962 with Ranger 4 . Since then, twelve Soviet and U.S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface, between 1966 and 1976. In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions. The U.S. followed with five unmanned Surveyor soft landings. The Soviet Union achieved the first unmanned lunar soil sample return with the Luna 16 probe on 24 September 1970. This was followed by Luna 20 and Luna 24 in 1972 and 1976, respectively. Following the failure at launch in 1969 of the first Lunokhod , Luna E-8 No.201 , the Luna 17 and Luna 21 were successful unmanned lunar rover missions in 1970 and 1973. Many missions were failures at launch. In addition, several unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful, including: Luna 15 , Luna 18 , and Luna 23 all crashed on landing; and the U.S. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing. More recently, other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometres per hour (5,000 mph), often at precise, planned locations. These have generally been end-of-life lunar orbiters that, because of system degradations, could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations (`` masscons'' ) to maintain their orbit. Japan's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon's surface on 10 April 1993. The European Space Agency performed a controlled crash impact with their orbiter SMART-1 on 3 September 2006. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) performed a controlled crash impact with its Moon Impact Probe (MIP) on 14 November 2008. The MIP was an ejected probe from the Indian Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter and performed remote sensing experiments during its descent to the lunar surface. The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009. The rover mission Chang'e 3 was launched on 1 December 2013 and soft-landed on 14 December. Manned landings ( edit ) The lunar surface through a Lunar Module window shortly after landing A total of twelve men have landed on the Moon. This was accomplished with two US pilot-astronauts flying a Lunar Module on each of six NASA missions across a 41-month period starting on 20 July 1969 UTC, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on Apollo 11 , and ending on 14 December 1972 UTC with Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt on Apollo 17 . Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface. All Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module . The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility. Scientific background ( edit ) In order to go to the Moon, a spacecraft must first leave the gravity well of the Earth. The only practical way of accomplishing this currently is with a rocket . Unlike other airborne vehicles such as balloons or jets , a rocket is the only known form of propulsion which can continue to increase its speed at high altitudes in the vacuum outside the Earth's atmosphere . Upon approach of the target moon, a spacecraft will be drawn ever closer to its surface at increasing speeds due to gravity. In order to land intact it must decelerate to less than about 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph) and be ruggedized to withstand a `` hard landing'' impact, or it must decelerate to negligible speed at contact for a `` soft landing'' (which is the only viable option with human occupants). The first three attempts by the U.S. to perform a successful hard moon landing with a ruggedized seismometer package in 1962 all failed. The Soviets first achieved the milestone of a hard lunar landing with a ruggedized camera in 1966, followed only months later by the first unmanned soft lunar landing by the U.S. The speed of a crash landing on its surface is typically between 70 and 100% of the escape velocity of the target moon, and thus this is the total velocity which must be shed from the target moon's gravitational attraction for a soft landing to occur. For Earth's Moon, the escape velocity is 2.38 kilometres per second (1.48 mi/s). The change in velocity (referred to as a delta-v ) is usually provided by a landing rocket, which must be carried into space by the original launch vehicle as part of the overall spacecraft. An exception is the soft moon landing on Titan carried out by the Huygens probe in 2005. As the moon with the thickest atmosphere, landings on Titan may be accomplished by using atmospheric entry techniques that are generally lighter in weight than a rocket with equivalent capability. The Soviets succeeded in making the first crash landing on the Moon in 1959. Crash landings may occur because of malfunctions in a spacecraft, or they can be deliberately arranged for vehicles which do not have an onboard landing rocket. There have been many such moon crashes , often with their flight path controlled to impact at precise locations on the lunar surface. For example, during the Apollo program the S-IVB third stage of the Saturn V moon rocket as well as the spent ascent stage of the lunar module were deliberately crashed on the Moon several times to provide impacts registering as a moonquake on seismometers that had been left on the lunar surface. Such crashes were instrumental in mapping the internal structure of the Moon . To return to Earth, the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon. Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space. Upon reaching Earth, atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing. These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations. Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon's surface by a moon landing rocket, increasing the latter's required size. The Moon departure rocket, larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle, greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree. Political background ( edit ) Main article: Space Race This section's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (January 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article's subject matter . Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing superfluous information . If importance cannot be established, the section is likely to be moved to another article, pseudo-redirected , or removed. Find sources: `` Moon landing'' -- news newspapers books scholar JSTOR (January 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The intense efforts devoted in the 1960s to achieving first an unmanned and then ultimately a manned moon landing become easier to understand in the political context of its historical era. World War II had introduced many new and deadly innovations including blitzkrieg -style surprise attacks used in the invasion of Poland and in the attack on Pearl Harbor ; the V-2 rocket , a ballistic missile which killed thousands in attacks on London and Antwerp ; and the atom bomb , which killed hundreds of thousands in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki . In the 1950s, tensions mounted between the two ideologically opposed superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union that had emerged as victors in the conflict, particularly after the development by both countries of the hydrogen bomb . The first image of another world from space, returned by Luna 3, showed the far side of the Moon in October 1959. Willy Ley wrote in 1957 that a rocket to the Moon `` could be built later this year if somebody can be found to sign some papers'' . On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 as the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth and so initiated the Space Race . This unexpected event was a source of pride to the Soviets and shock to the U.S., who could now potentially be surprise attacked by nuclear-tipped Soviet rockets in under 30 minutes. Also, the steady beeping of the radio beacon aboard Sputnik 1 as it passed overhead every 96 minutes was widely viewed on both sides as effective propaganda to Third World countries demonstrating the technological superiority of the Soviet political system compared to that of the U.S. This perception was reinforced by a string of subsequent rapid-fire Soviet space achievements. In 1959, the R-7 rocket was used to launch the first escape from Earth's gravity into a solar orbit , the first crash impact onto the surface of the Moon and the first photography of the never-before-seen far side of the Moon . These were the Luna 1 , Luna 2 and Luna 3 spacecraft. A 1963 conceptual model of the Apollo Lunar Excursion Module The U.S. response to these Soviet achievements was to greatly accelerate previously existing military space and missile projects and to create a civilian space agency, NASA . Military efforts were initiated to develop and produce mass quantities of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) that would bridge the so-called missile gap and enable a policy of deterrence to nuclear war with the Soviets known as mutual assured destruction or MAD. These newly developed missiles were made available to civilians of NASA for various projects (which would have the added benefit of demonstrating the payload, guidance accuracy and reliabilities of U.S. ICBMs to the Soviets). While NASA stressed peaceful and scientific uses for these rockets, their use in various lunar exploration efforts also had secondary goal of realistic, goal-oriented testing of the missiles themselves and development of associated infrastructure, just as the Soviets were doing with their R-7. Early Soviet unmanned lunar missions (1958-- 1965) ( edit ) Luna 3 transmitted the first photos of the far side of the Moon After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, historical records were released to allow the true accounting of Soviet lunar efforts. Unlike the U.S. tradition of assigning a particular mission name in advance of a launch, the Soviets assigned a public `` Luna '' mission number only if a launch resulted in a spacecraft going beyond Earth orbit. The policy had the effect of hiding Soviet Moon mission failures from public view. If the attempt failed in Earth orbit before departing for the Moon, it was frequently (but not always) given a `` Sputnik '' or `` Cosmos '' Earth-orbit mission number to hide its purpose. Launch explosions were not acknowledged at all. Mission Mass (kg) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result Semyorka -- 8K72 23 September 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 93 s Semyorka -- 8K72 12 October 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 104 s Semyorka -- 8K72 4 December 1958 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 254 s Luna-1 361 Semyorka -- 8K72 2 January 1959 Impact Partial success -- first spacecraft to reach escape velocity, lunar flyby, solar orbit; missed the Moon Semyorka -- 8K72 18 June 1959 Impact Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 153 s Luna-2 390 Semyorka -- 8K72 12 September 1959 Impact Success -- first lunar impact Luna-3 270 Semyorka -- 8K72 4 October 1959 Flyby Success -- first photos of lunar far side Semyorka -- 8K72 15 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K72 16 April 1960 Flyby Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 1 s Sputnik -25 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 January 1963 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 3 February 1963 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction at T+ 105 s Luna-4 1422 Semyorka -- 8K78 2 April 1963 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi) Semyorka -- 8K78 21 March 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 20 April 1964 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Cosmos -60 Semyorka -- 8K78 12 March 1965 Landing Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Semyorka -- 8K78 10 April 1965 Landing Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Luna-5 1475 Semyorka -- 8K78 9 May 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact Luna-6 1440 Semyorka -- 8K78 8 June 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar flyby at 160,000 kilometres (99,000 mi) Luna-7 1504 Semyorka -- 8K78 4 October 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact Luna-8 1550 Semyorka -- 8K78 3 December 1965 Landing Failure -- lunar impact during landing attempt Early U.S. unmanned lunar missions (1958-- 1965) ( edit ) Artist's portrayal of a Ranger spacecraft right before impact One of the last photos of the Moon transmitted by Ranger 8 right before impact In contrast to Soviet lunar exploration triumphs in 1959, success eluded initial U.S. efforts to reach the Moon with the Pioneer and Ranger programs . Fifteen consecutive U.S. unmanned lunar missions over a six-year period from 1958 to 1964 all failed their primary photographic missions; however, Rangers 4 and 6 successfully repeated the Soviet lunar impacts as part of their secondary missions. Failures included three U.S. attempts in 1962 to hard land small seismometer packages released by the main Ranger spacecraft. These surface packages were to use retrorockets to survive landing, unlike the parent vehicle, which was designed to deliberately crash onto the surface. The final three Ranger probes performed successful high altitude lunar reconnaissance photography missions during intentional crash impacts between 2.62 and 2.68 kilometres per second (9,400 and 9,600 km/h). Mission Mass (kg) Launch vehicle Launch date Goal Result Pioneer 0 38 Thor-Able 17 August 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion; destroyed Pioneer 1 34 Thor-Able 11 October 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- software error; reentry Pioneer 2 39 Thor-Able 8 November 1958 Lunar orbit Failure -- third stage misfire; reentry Pioneer 3 6 Juno 6 December 1958 Flyby Failure -- first stage misfire, reentry Pioneer 4 6 Juno 3 March 1959 Flyby Partial success -- first US craft to reach escape velocity, lunar flyby too far to shoot photos due to targeting error; solar orbit Pioneer P-1 168 Atlas-Able 24 September 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- pad explosion; destroyed Pioneer P-3 168 Atlas-Able 29 November 1959 Lunar orbit Failure -- payload shroud; destroyed Pioneer P-30 175 Atlas-Able 25 September 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- second stage anomaly; reentry Pioneer P-31 175 Atlas-Able 15 December 1960 Lunar orbit Failure -- first stage explosion; destroyed Ranger 1 306 Atlas -- Agena 23 August 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly; reentry Ranger 2 304 Atlas -- Agena 18 November 1961 Prototype test Failure -- upper stage anomaly; reentry Ranger 3 330 Atlas -- Agena 26 January 1962 Landing Failure -- booster guidance; solar orbit Ranger 4 331 Atlas -- Agena 23 April 1962 Landing Partial success -- first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body; crash impact -- no photos returned Ranger 5 342 Atlas -- Agena 18 October 1962 Landing Failure -- spacecraft power; solar orbit Ranger 6 367 Atlas -- Agena 30 January 1964 Impact Failure -- spacecraft camera; crash impact Ranger 7 367 Atlas -- Agena 28 July 1964 Impact Success -- returned 4308 photos, crash impact Ranger 8 367 Atlas -- Agena 17 February 1965 Impact Success -- returned 7137 photos, crash impact Ranger 9 367 Atlas -- Agena 21 March 1965 Impact Success -- returned 5814 photos, crash impact Pioneer missions ( edit ) Three different designs of Pioneer lunar probes were flown on three different modified ICBMs. Those flown on the Thor booster modified with an Able upper stage carried an infrared image scanning television system with a resolution of 1 milliradian to study the Moon's surface, an ionization chamber to measure radiation in space, a diaphragm/microphone assembly to detect micrometeorites , a magnetometer , and temperature-variable resistors to monitor spacecraft internal thermal conditions. The first, a mission managed by the United States Air Force , exploded during launch; all subsequent Pioneer lunar flights had NASA as the lead management organization. The next two returned to Earth and burned up upon reentry into the atmosphere after achieved maximum altitudes of around 110,000 kilometres (68,000 mi) and 1,450 kilometres (900 mi), far short of the roughly 400,000 kilometres (250,000 mi) required to reach the vicinity of the Moon. NASA then collaborated with the United States Army 's Ballistic Missile Agency to fly two extremely small cone-shaped probes on the Juno ICBM, carrying only photocells which would be triggered by the light of the Moon and a lunar radiation environment experiment using a Geiger-Müller tube detector. The first of these reached an altitude of only around 100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi), serendipitously gathering data that established the presence of the Van Allen radiation belts before reentering Earth's atmosphere. The second passed by the Moon at a distance of more than 60,000 kilometres (37,000 mi), twice as far as planned and too far away to trigger either of the on-board scientific instruments, yet still becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to reach a solar orbit . The final Pioneer lunar probe design consisted of four `` paddlewheel '' solar panels extending from a one-meter diameter spherical spin-stabilized spacecraft body that was equipped to take images of the lunar surface with a television-like system, estimate the Moon's mass and topography of the poles , record the distribution and velocity of micrometeorites, study radiation, measure magnetic fields , detect low frequency electromagnetic waves in space and use a sophisticated integrated propulsion system for maneuvering and orbit insertion as well. None of the four spacecraft built in this series of probes survived launch on its Atlas ICBM outfitted with an Able upper stage. Following the unsuccessful Atlas-Able Pioneer probes, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory embarked upon an unmanned spacecraft development program whose modular design could be used to support both lunar and interplanetary exploration missions. The interplanetary versions were known as Mariners ; lunar versions were Rangers . JPL envisioned three versions of the Ranger lunar probes: Block I prototypes, which would carry various radiation detectors in test flights to a very high Earth orbit that came nowhere near the Moon; Block II, which would try to accomplish the first Moon landing by hard landing a seismometer package; and Block III, which would crash onto the lunar surface without any braking rockets while taking very high resolution wide-area photographs of the Moon during their descent. Ranger missions ( edit ) See also: Ranger program The Ranger 1 and 2 Block I missions were virtually identical. Spacecraft experiments included a Lyman-alpha telescope, a rubidium-vapor magnetometer , electrostatic analyzers, medium-energy-range particle detectors , two triple coincidence telescopes, a cosmic-ray integrating ionization chamber , cosmic dust detectors, and scintillation counters . The goal was to place these Block I spacecraft in a very high Earth orbit with an apogee of 110,000 kilometres (68,000 mi) and a perigee of 60,000 kilometres (37,000 mi). From that vantage point, scientists could make direct measurements of the magnetosphere over a period of many months while engineers perfected new methods to routinely track and communicate with spacecraft over such large distances. Such practice was deemed vital to be assured of capturing high-bandwidth television transmissions from the Moon during a one-shot fifteen-minute time window in subsequent Block II and Block III lunar descents. Both Block I missions suffered failures of the new Agena upper stage and never left low Earth parking orbit after launch; both burned up upon reentry after only a few days. The first attempts to perform a Moon landing took place in 1962 during the Rangers 3, 4 and 5 missions flown by the United States. All three Block II missions basic vehicles were 3.1 m high and consisted of a lunar capsule covered with a balsa wood impact-limiter, 650 mm in diameter, a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a retrorocket with a thrust of 5,050 pounds-force (22.5 kN), and a gold- and chrome-plated hexagonal base 1.5 m in diameter. This lander (code-named Tonto ) was designed to provide impact cushioning using an exterior blanket of crushable balsa wood and an interior filled with incompressible liquid freon . A 42 kg (56 pounds) 30-centimetre-diameter (0.98 ft) metal payload sphere floated and was free to rotate in a liquid freon reservoir contained in the landing sphere . This payload sphere contained six silver- cadmium batteries to power a fifty-milliwatt radio transmitter, a temperature sensitive voltage controlled oscillator to measure lunar surface temperatures, and a seismometer that was designed with sensitivity high enough to detect the impact of a 5 lb (2.3 kg) meteorite on the opposite side of the Moon. Weight was distributed in the payload sphere so it would rotate in its liquid blanket to place the seismometer into an upright and operational position no matter what the final resting orientation of the external landing sphere. After landing, plugs were to be opened allowing the freon to evaporate and the payload sphere to settle into upright contact with the landing sphere. The batteries were sized to allow up to three months of operation for the payload sphere. Various mission constraints limited the landing site to Oceanus Procellarum on the lunar equator, which the lander ideally would reach 66 hours after launch. No cameras were carried by the Ranger landers, and no pictures were to be captured from the lunar surface during the mission. Instead, the 3.1 metres (10 ft) Ranger Block II mother ship carried a 200-scan-line television camera which was to capture images during the free-fall descent to the lunar surface. The camera was designed to transmit a picture every 10 seconds. Seconds before impact, at 5 and 0.6 kilometres (3.11 and 0.37 mi) above the lunar surface, the Ranger mother ships took picture (which may be viewed here ). Other instruments gathering data before the mother ship crashed onto the Moon were a gamma ray spectrometer to measure overall lunar chemical composition and a radar altimeter. The radar altimeter was to give a signal ejecting the landing capsule and its solid-fueled braking rocket overboard from the Block II mother ship. The braking rocket was to slow and the landing sphere to a dead stop at 330 metres (1,080 ft) above the surface and separate, allowing the landing sphere to free fall once more and hit the surface . On Ranger 3, failure of the Atlas guidance system and a software error aboard the Agena upper stage combined to put the spacecraft on a course that would miss the Moon. Attempts to salvage lunar photography during a flyby of the Moon were thwarted by in-flight failure of the onboard flight computer. This was probably because of prior heat sterilization of the spacecraft by keeping it above the boiling point of water for 24 hours on the ground, to protect the Moon from being contaminated by Earth organisms. Heat sterilization was also blamed for subsequent in-flight failures of the spacecraft computer on Ranger 4 and the power subsystem on Ranger 5. Only Ranger 4 reached the Moon in an uncontrolled crash impact on the far side of the Moon. Heat sterilization was discontinued for the final four Block III Ranger probes. These replaced the Block II landing capsule and its retrorocket with a heavier, more capable television system to support landing site selection for upcoming Apollo manned Moon landing missions. Six cameras were designed to take thousands of high-altitude photographs in the final twenty-minute period before crashing on the lunar surface. Camera resolution was 1,132 scan lines, far higher than the 525 lines found in a typical U.S. 1964 home television. While Ranger 6 suffered a failure of this camera system and returned no photographs despite an otherwise successful flight, the subsequent Ranger 7 mission to Mare Cognitum was a complete success. Breaking the six-year string of failures in U.S. attempts to photograph the Moon at close range, the Ranger 7 mission was viewed as a national turning point and instrumental in allowing the key 1965 NASA budget appropriation to pass through the United States Congress intact without a reduction in funds for the Apollo manned Moon landing program. Subsequent successes with Ranger 8 and Ranger 9 further buoyed U.S. hopes. Soviet unmanned soft landings (1966-- 1976) ( edit ) Model of Luna 16 Moon soil sample return lander Model of Soviet Lunokhod automatic moon rover The Luna 9 spacecraft, launched by the Soviet Union , performed the first successful soft Moon landing on 3 February. Airbags protected its 99 kilograms (218 lb) ejectable capsule which survived an impact speed of over 15 metres per second (54 km/h). Luna 13 duplicated this feat with a similar Moon landing on 24 December 1966. Both returned panoramic photographs that were the first views from the lunar surface. Luna 16 was the first robotic probe to land on the Moon and safely return a sample of lunar soil back to Earth. It represented the first lunar sample return mission by the Soviet Union , and was the third lunar sample return mission overall, following the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. This mission was later successfully repeated by Luna 20 (1972) and Luna 24 (1976). In 1970 and 1973 two Lunokhod (`` Moonwalker'' ) robotic lunar rovers were delivered to the Moon, where they successfully operated for 10 and 4 months respectively, covering 10.5 km ( Lunokhod 1 ) and 37 km ( Lunokhod 2 ). These rover missions were in operation concurrently with the Zond and Luna series of Moon flyby, orbiter and landing missions. Mission Mass (kg) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon Luna-9 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 31 January 1966 Landing Success -- first lunar soft landing, numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 7.13° N 64.37° W Luna-13 1580 Semyorka -- 8K78 21 December 1966 Landing Success -- second lunar soft landing, numerous photos Oceanus Procellarum 18° 52'N 62° 3'W Proton 19 February 1969 Lunar rover Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Proton 14 June 1969 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Luna-15 5,700 Proton 13 July 1969 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Crisium unknown Cosmos-300 Proton 23 September 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Cosmos-305 Proton 22 October 1969 Sample return Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Proton 6 February 1970 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Luna-16 5,600 Proton 12 September 1970 Sample return Success -- returned 0.10 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 000.68S 056.30E Luna-17 5,700 Proton 10 November 1970 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod-1 rover traveled 10.5 km across lunar surface Mare Imbrium 038.28N 325.00E Luna-18 5,750 Proton 2 September 1971 Sample return Failure -- lunar crash impact Mare Fecunditatis 003.57N 056.50E Luna-20 5,727 Proton 14 February 1972 Sample return Success -- returned 0.05 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Fecunditatis 003.57N 056.50E Luna-21 5,950 Proton 8 January 1973 Lunar rover Success -- Lunokhod-2 rover traveled 37.0 km across lunar surface LeMonnier Crater 025.85N 030.45E Luna-23 5,800 Proton 28 October 1974 Sample return Failure -- Moon landing achieved, but malfunction prevented sample return Mare Crisium 012.00N 062.00E Proton 16 October 1975 Sample return Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Luna-24 5,800 Proton 9 August 1976 Sample return Success -- returned 0.17 kg of Moon soil back to Earth Mare Crisium 012.25N 062.20E U.S. unmanned soft landings (1966-- 1968) ( edit ) Launch of Surveyor 1. Pete Conrad , commander of Apollo 12 , stands next to Surveyor 3 lander. In the background is the Apollo 12 lander, Intrepid . The U.S. robotic Surveyor program was part of an effort to locate a safe site on the Moon for a human landing and test under lunar conditions the radar and landing systems required to make a true controlled touchdown. Five of Surveyor's seven missions made successful unmanned Moon landings. Surveyor 3 was visited two years after its Moon landing by the crew of Apollo 12. They removed parts of it for examination back on Earth to determine the effects of long-term exposure to the lunar environment. Mission Mass (kg) Booster Launch date Goal Result Landing zone Lat / Lon Surveyor 1 292 Atlas -- Centaur 30 May 1966 Landing Success -- 11,000 pictures returned, first U.S. Moon landing Oceanus Procellarum 002.45S 043.22W Surveyor 2 292 Atlas -- Centaur 20 September 1966 Landing Failure -- midcourse engine malfunction, placing vehicle in unrecoverable tumble; crashed southeast of Copernicus Crater Sinus Medii 004.00S 011.00W Surveyor 3 302 Atlas -- Centaur 20 April 1967 Landing Success -- 6,000 pictures returned; trench dug to 17.5 cm depth after 18 hr of robot arm use Oceanus Procellarum 002.94S 336.66E Surveyor 4 282 Atlas -- Centaur 14 July 1967 Landing Failure -- radio contact lost 2.5 minutes before touchdown; perfect automated Moon landing possible but outcome unknown Sinus Medii unknown Surveyor 5 303 Atlas -- Centaur 8 September 1967 Landing Success -- 19,000 photos returned, first use of alpha scatter soil composition monitor Mare Tranquillitatis 001.41N 023.18E Surveyor 6 300 Atlas -- Centaur 7 November 1967 Landing Success -- 30,000 photos returned, robot arm & alpha scatter science, engine restart, second landing 2.5 m away from first Sinus Medii 000.46N 358.63E Surveyor 7 306 Atlas -- Centaur 7 January 1968 Landing Success -- 21,000 photos returned; robot arm & alpha scatter science; laser beams from Earth detected Tycho Crater 041.01S 348.59E Transition from direct ascent landings to lunar orbit operations ( edit ) Within four months of each other in early 1966 the Soviet Union and the United States had accomplished successful Moon landings with unmanned spacecraft. To the general public both countries had demonstrated roughly equal technical capabilities by returning photographic images from the surface of the Moon. These pictures provided a key affirmative answer to the crucial question of whether or not lunar soil would support upcoming manned landers with their much greater weight. However, the Luna 9 hard landing of a ruggedized sphere using airbags at a 50 kilometres (31 mi)-per-hour ballistic impact speed had much more in common with the failed 1962 Ranger landing attempts and their planned 160 kilometres (99 mi)-per-hour impacts than with the Surveyor 1 soft landing on three footpads using its radar-controlled, adjustable-thrust retrorocket. While Luna 9 and Surveyor 1 were both major national accomplishments, only Surveyor 1 had reached its landing site employing key technologies that would be needed for a manned flight. Thus as of mid-1966, the United States had begun to pull ahead of the Soviet Union in the so-called Space Race to land a man on the Moon. A timeline of the space race between 1957 and 1975, with missions from the USA and USSR. Advances in other areas were necessary before manned spacecraft could follow unmanned ones to the surface of the Moon. Of particular importance was developing the expertise to perform flight operations in lunar orbit. Ranger, Surveyor and initial Luna Moon landing attempts all utilized flight paths from Earth that traveled directly to the lunar surface without first placing the spacecraft in a lunar orbit. Such direct ascents use a minimum amount of fuel for unmanned spacecraft on a one-way trip. In contrast, manned vehicles need additional fuel after a lunar landing to enable a return trip back to Earth for the crew. Leaving this massive amount of required Earth-return fuel in lunar orbit until it is used later in the mission is far more efficient than taking such fuel down to the lunar surface in a Moon landing and then hauling it all back into space yet again, working against lunar gravity both ways. Such considerations lead logically to a lunar orbit rendezvous mission profile for a manned Moon landing. Accordingly, beginning in mid-1966 both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. naturally progressed into missions which featured lunar orbit operations as a necessary prerequisite to a manned Moon landing. The primary goals of these initial unmanned orbiters were extensive photographic mapping of the entire lunar surface for the selection of manned landing sites and, for the Soviets, the checkout of radio communications gear that would be used in future soft landings. An unexpected major discovery from initial lunar orbiters were vast volumes of dense materials beneath the surface of the Moon's maria . Such mass concentrations (`` mascons '' ) can send a manned mission dangerously off course in the final minutes of a Moon landing when aiming for a relatively small landing zone that is smooth and safe. Mascons were also found over a longer period of time to greatly disturb the orbits of low-altitude satellites around the Moon, making their orbits unstable and forcing an inevitable crash on the lunar surface in the relatively short period of months to a few years. Controlling the location of impact for spent lunar orbiters can have scientific value. For example, in 1999 the NASA Lunar Prospector orbiter was deliberately targeted to impact a permanently shadowed area of Shoemaker Crater near the lunar south pole. It was hoped that energy from the impact would vaporize suspected shadowed ice deposits in the crater and liberate a water vapor plume that would be detectable from Earth. No such plume was observed. However, a small vial of ashes from the body of pioneer lunar scientist Eugene Shoemaker was delivered by the Lunar Prospector to the crater named in his honor -- currently the only human remains on the Moon. Soviet lunar orbit satellites (1966-- 1974) ( edit ) U.S.S.R. mission Mass (kg) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result Cosmos -- 111 Molniya-M 1 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Failure -- stranded in low Earth orbit Luna-10 1,582 Molniya-M 31 March 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,738 km x 2,088 km x 72 deg orbit, 178 m period, 60-day science mission Luna-11 1,640 Molniya-M 24 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,931 km x 1,898 km x 27 deg orbit, 178 m period, 38-day science mission Luna-12 1,620 Molniya-M 22 October 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 2,938 km x 1,871 km x 10 deg orbit, 205 m period, 89-day science mission Cosmos-159 1,700 Molniya-M 17 May 1967 Prototype test Success -- high Earth orbit manned landing communications gear radio calibration test Molniya-M 7 February 1968 Lunar orbiter Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit -- attempted radio calibration test? Luna-14 1,700 Molniya-M 7 April 1968 Lunar orbiter Success -- 870 km x 160 km x 42 deg orbit, 160 m period, unstable orbit, radio calibration test? Luna-19 5,700 Proton 28 September 1971 Lunar orbiter Success -- 140 km x 140 km x 41 deg orbit, 121 m period, 388-day science mission Luna-22 5,700 Proton 29 May 1974 Lunar orbiter Success -- 222 km x 219 km x 19 deg orbit, 130 m period, 521-day science mission Luna 10 became the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon on 3 April 1966. U.S. lunar orbit satellites (1966-- 1967) ( edit ) U.S. mission Mass (kg) Booster Launched Mission goal Mission result Lunar Orbiter 1 386 Atlas -- Agena 10 August 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,160 km X 189 km x 12 deg orbit, 208 m period, 80-day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 2 386 Atlas -- Agena 6 November 1966 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 12 deg orbit, 208 m period, 339-day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 3 386 Atlas -- Agena 5 February 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 1,860 km X 52 km x 21 deg orbit, 208 m period, 246-day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 4 386 Atlas -- Agena 4 May 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,111 km X 2,706 km x 86 deg orbit, 721 m period, 180-day photography mission Lunar Orbiter 5 386 Atlas -- Agena 1 August 1967 Lunar orbiter Success -- 6,023 km X 195 km x 85 deg orbit, 510 m period, 183-day photography mission Soviet circumlunar loop flights (1967-- 1970) ( edit ) Main article: Soviet manned lunar programs Zond mounted on top stage of Proton booster in assembly hangar. It is possible to aim a spacecraft from Earth so that it will loop around the Moon and return to Earth without entering lunar orbit, following the so-called free return trajectory . Such circumlunar loop missions are simpler than lunar orbit missions because rockets for lunar orbit braking and Earth return are not required. However, a manned circumlunar loop trip poses significant challenges above and beyond those found in a manned low-Earth-orbit mission, offering valuable lessons in preparation for a manned Moon landing. Foremost among these are mastering the demands of re-entering the Earth's atmosphere upon returning from the Moon. Manned Earth-orbiting vehicles such as the Space Shuttle return to Earth from speeds of around 17,000 miles per hour (27,000 km/h; 7,600 m/s). Due to the effects of gravity, a vehicle returning from the Moon hits Earth's atmosphere at a much higher speed of around 25,000 miles per hour (40,000 km/h; 11,000 m/s). The g-loading on astronauts during the resulting deceleration can be at the limits of human endurance even during a nominal reentry. Slight variations in the vehicle flight path and reentry angle during a return from the Moon can easily result in fatal levels of deceleration force. Achieving a manned circumlunar loop flight prior to a manned lunar landing became a primary goal of the Soviets with their Zond spacecraft program. The first three Zonds were unmanned planetary probes; after that, the Zond name was transferred to a completely separate manned program. The initial focus of these later Zonds was extensive testing of required high-speed reentry techniques. This focus was not shared by the U.S., who chose instead to bypass the stepping stone of a manned circumlunar loop mission and never developed a separate spacecraft for this purpose. Initial manned spaceflights in the early 1960s placed a single person in low Earth orbit during the Soviet Vostok and U.S. Mercury programs. A two-flight extension of the Vostok program known as Voskhod effectively used Vostok capsules with their ejection seats removed to achieve Soviet space firsts of multiple person crews in 1964 and spacewalks in early 1965. These capabilities were later demonstrated by the U.S. in ten Gemini low Earth orbit missions throughout 1965 and 1966, using a totally new second-generation spacecraft design that had little in common with the earlier Mercury. These Gemini missions went on to prove critical techniques for orbital rendezvous and docking that were crucial to a manned lunar landing mission profile. After the end of the Gemini program, the Soviets Union began flying their second-generation Zond manned spacecraft in 1967 with the ultimate goal of looping a cosmonaut around the Moon and returning him immediately to Earth. The Zond spacecraft was launched with the simpler and already operational Proton launch rocket, unlike the parallel Soviet manned Moon landing effort also underway at the time based on third-generation Soyuz spacecraft requiring development of the advanced N-1 booster. The Soviets thus believed they could achieve a manned Zond circumlunar flight years before a U.S. manned lunar landing and so score a propaganda victory. However, significant development problems delayed the Zond program and the success of the U.S. Apollo lunar landing program led to the eventual termination of the Zond effort. Like Zond, Apollo Moon flights were generally launched on a free return trajectory that would return them to Earth via a circumlunar loop in the event that a Service Module malfunction failed to place them in lunar orbit as planned. This option was implemented after an explosion aboard the Apollo 13 mission in 1970, which is the only manned circumlunar loop mission flown to date. U.S.S.R mission Mass (kg) Booster Launched Mission goal Payload Mission result Cosmos-146 5,400 Proton 10 March 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit, but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test Cosmos-154 5,400 Proton 8 April 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- Successfully reached high Earth orbit, but became stranded and was unable to initiate controlled high speed atmospheric reentry test Proton 28 September 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Proton 22 November 1967 High Earth Orbit unmanned Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Zond-4 5,140 Proton 2 March 1968 High Earth Orbit unmanned Partial success -- launched successfully to 300,000 km high Earth orbit, high speed reentry test guidance malfunction, intentional self-destruct to prevent landfall outside Soviet Union Proton 23 April 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit; launch preparation tank explosion kills three in pad crew Zond-5 5,375 Proton 15 September 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon, returned live biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off-target outside the Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean Zond-6 5,375 Proton 10 November 1968 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Partial success -- looped around Moon, successful reentry, but loss of cabin air pressure caused biological payload death, parachute system malfunction and severe vehicle damage upon landing Proton 20 January 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Failure -- booster malfunction, failed to reach Earth orbit Zond-7 5,979 Proton 8 August 1969 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon, returned biological payload safely to Earth and landed on-target inside Soviet Union. Only Zond mission whose reentry G-forces would have been survivable by human crew had they been aboard. Zond-8 5,375 Proton 20 October 1970 Circumlunar Loop non-human biological payload Success -- looped around Moon, returned biological payload safely to Earth despite landing off-target outside Soviet Union in the Indian Ocean Zond 5 was the first spacecraft to carry life from Earth to the vicinity of the Moon and return, initiating the final lap of the Space Race with its payload of turtles, insects, plants and bacteria. Despite the failure suffered in its final moments, the Zond 6 mission was reported by Soviet media as being a success as well. Although hailed worldwide as remarkable achievements, both of these Zond missions flew off-nominal reentry trajectories resulting in deceleration forces that would have been fatal to human crewmembers had they been aboard. As a result, the Soviets secretly planned to continue unmanned Zond tests until their reliability to support manned flight had been demonstrated. However, due to NASA's continuing problems with the lunar module , and because of CIA reports of a potential Soviet manned circumlunar flight in late 1968, NASA fatefully changed the flight plan of Apollo 8 from an Earth-orbit lunar module test to a lunar orbit mission scheduled for late December 1968. In early December 1968 the launch window to the Moon opened for the Soviet launch site in Baikonur , giving the USSR their final chance to beat the US to the Moon. Cosmonauts went on alert and asked to fly the Zond spacecraft then in final countdown at Baikonur on the first manned trip to the Moon. Ultimately, however, the Soviet Politburo decided the risk of crew death was unacceptable given the combined poor performance to that point of Zond/Proton and so scrubbed the launch of a manned Soviet lunar mission. Their decision proved to be a wise one, since this unnumbered Zond mission was destroyed in another unmanned test when it was finally launched several weeks later. By this time flights of the third generation U.S. Apollo spacecraft had begun. Far more capable than the Zond, the Apollo spacecraft had the necessary rocket power to slip into and out of lunar orbit and to make course adjustments required for a safe reentry during the return to Earth. The Apollo 8 mission carried out the first manned trip to the Moon on 24 December 1968, certifying the Saturn V booster for manned use and flying not a circumlunar loop but instead a full ten orbits around the Moon before returning safely to Earth. Apollo 10 then performed a full dress rehearsal of a manned Moon landing in May 1969. This mission orbited within 47,400 feet (14.4 km) altitude above the lunar surface, performing necessary low-altitude mapping of trajectory-altering mascons using a factory prototype lunar module that was too overweight to allow a successful landing. With the failure of the unmanned Soviet sample return Moon landing attempt Luna 15 in July 1969, the stage was set for Apollo 11 . Manned Moon landings (1969-- 1972) ( edit ) The U.S. Saturn V and the Soviet N1 . U.Sstrategy ( edit ) Main article: Apollo program § Political pressure builds Plans for manned Moon exploration originated during the Eisenhower administration. In a series of mid-1950s articles in Collier's magazine, Wernher von Braun had popularized the idea of a manned expedition to the Moon to establish a lunar base. A manned Moon landing posed several daunting technical challenges to the US and USSR. Besides guidance and weight management, atmospheric re-entry without ablative overheating was a major hurdle. After the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik , von Braun promoted a plan for the United States Army to establish a military lunar outpost by 1965. After the early Soviet successes , especially Yuri Gagarin 's flight, US President John F. Kennedy looked for a US project that would capture the public imagination. He asked Vice President Lyndon Johnson to make recommendations on a scientific endeavor that would prove US world leadership. The proposals included non-space options such as massive irrigation projects to benefit the Third World . The Soviets, at the time, had more powerful rockets than the United States, which gave them an advantage in some kinds of space mission. Advances in US nuclear weapon technology had led to smaller, lighter warheads, and consequently, rockets with smaller payload capacities. By comparison, Soviet nuclear weapons were much heavier, and the powerful R-7 rocket was developed to carry them. More modest potential missions such as flying around the Moon without landing or establishing a space lab in orbit (both were proposed by Kennedy to von Braun) were determined to offer too much advantage to the Soviets, since the US would have to develop a heavy rocket to match the Soviets. A Moon landing, however, would capture world imagination while functioning as propaganda. Apollo landing sites Johnson had championed the US manned space program ever since the Sputnik scare, sponsoring the legislation which created NASA when he was in the Senate in 1958. When Kennedy asked him in 1961 to research the best manned space achievement to counter the Soviets' lead, Johnson responded that the US had an even chance of beating the USSR to a manned lunar landing, but not for anything less. Kennedy seized on Apollo as the ideal focus for efforts in space. He ensured continuing funding, shielding space spending from the 1963 tax cut, but diverting money from other NASA scientific projects. This last dismayed NASA's leader, James E. Webb , who perceived the need for NASA's support from the scientific community. The Moon landing required development of the large Saturn V launch vehicle , which achieved a perfect record of zero catastrophic failures or launch vehicle-caused mission failures, in thirteen launches. For the program to succeed, its proponents would have to defeat criticism from politicians on the left, who wanted more money spent on social programs, and on those on the right, who favored a more military project. By emphasizing the scientific payoff and playing on fears of Soviet space dominance, Kennedy and Johnson managed to swing public opinion: by 1965, 58 percent of Americans favored Apollo, up from 33 percent two years earlier. After Johnson became President in 1963, his continuing defense of the program allowed it to succeed in 1969, as Kennedy planned. Soviet strategy ( edit ) Main article: Soviet Moonshot Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev said in October 1963 that the USSR was `` not at present planning flight by cosmonauts to the Moon,'' while insisting that the Soviets had not dropped out of the race. Only after another year would the USSR fully commit itself to a Moon-landing attempt, which ultimately failed. At the same time, Kennedy had suggested various joint programs, including a possible Moon landing by Soviet and U.S. astronauts and the development of better weather-monitoring satellites. Khrushchev, sensing an attempt by Kennedy to steal Russian space technology, rejected the idea: if the USSR went to the Moon, it would go alone. Sergey Korolev , the Soviet space program 's chief designer, had started promoting his Soyuz craft and the N1 launcher rocket that would have the capability of carrying out a manned Moon landing. Khrushchev directed Korolev's design bureau to arrange further space firsts by modifying the existing Vostok technology, while a second team started building a completely new launcher and craft, the Proton booster and the Zond, for a manned cislunar flight in 1966. In 1964 the new Soviet leadership gave Korolev the backing for a Moon landing effort and brought all manned projects under his direction. With Korolev's death and the failure of the first Soyuz flight in 1967, the co-ordination of the Soviet Moon landing program quickly unraveled. The Soviets built a landing craft and selected cosmonauts for the mission that would have placed Aleksei Leonov on the Moon's surface, but with the successive launch failures of the N1 booster in 1969, plans for a manned landing suffered first delay and then cancellation. Apollo missions ( edit ) In total, twenty-four U.S. astronauts have traveled to the Moon. Three have made the trip twice, and twelve have walked on its surface. Apollo 8 was a lunar-orbit-only mission, Apollo 10 included undocking and Descent Orbit Insertion (DOI), followed by LM staging to CSM redocking, while Apollo 13, originally scheduled as a landing, ended up as a lunar fly-by, by means of free return trajectory ; thus, none of these missions made landings. Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 were Earth-orbit-only missions. Apart from the inherent dangers of manned Moon expeditions as seen with Apollo 13, one reason for their cessation according to astronaut Alan Bean is the cost it imposes in government subsidies. Manned Moon landings ( edit ) Mission name Lunar lander Lunar landing date Lunar liftoff date Lunar landing site Duration on lunar surface Crew Number of EVAs Total EVA Time (HH:MM) Apollo 11 Eagle 20 July 1969 21 July 1969 Sea of Tranquility 21:31 Neil Armstrong , Edwin `` Buzz'' Aldrin 2:31 Apollo 12 Intrepid 19 November 1969 21 November 1969 Ocean of Storms 1-day, 7:31 Charles `` Pete'' Conrad , Alan Bean 7:45 Apollo 14 Antares 5 February 1971 6 February 1971 Fra Mauro 1-day, 9:30 Alan B. Shepard , Edgar Mitchell 9:21 Apollo 15 Falcon 30 July 1971 2 August 1971 Hadley Rille 2 days, 18:55 David Scott , James Irwin 18:33 Apollo 16 Orion 21 April 1972 24 April 1972 Descartes Highlands 2 days, 23:02 John Young , Charles Duke 20:14 Apollo 17 Challenger 11 December 1972 14 December 1972 Taurus-- Littrow 3 days, 2:59 Eugene Cernan , Harrison `` Jack'' Schmitt 22:04 Other aspects of the Apollo Moon successful landings ( edit ) Unlike other international rivalries, the Space Race has remained unaffected in a direct way regarding the desire for territorial expansion. After the successful landings on the Moon, the U.S. explicitly disclaimed the right to ownership of any part of the Moon. President Richard Nixon had speechwriter William Safire prepare a condolence speech for delivery in the event that Armstrong and Aldrin became marooned on the Moon's surface and could not be rescued. In 1951, science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke forecast that man would reach the Moon by 1978. On 16 August 2006, the Associated Press reported that NASA is missing the original Slow-scan television tapes (which were made before the scan conversion for conventional TV) of the Apollo 11 Moon walk. Some news outlets have mistakenly reported that the SSTV tapes were found in Western Australia, but those tapes were only recordings of data from the Apollo 11 Early Apollo Surface Experiments Package . Scientists believe the six American flags planted by astronauts have been bleached white because of more than 40 years of exposure to solar radiation. Using LROC images, five of the six American flags are still standing and casting shadows at all of the sites, except Apollo 11. Astronaut Buzz Aldrin reported that the flag was blown over by the exhaust from the ascent engine during liftoff of Apollo 11. Late 20th-- 21st century unmanned crash landings ( edit ) Hiten (japan) ( edit ) Launched on 24 January 1990, 11:46 UTC. At the end of its mission, the Japanese lunar orbiter Hiten was commanded to crash into the lunar surface and did so on 10 April 1993 at 18:03:25.7 UT (11 April 03:03:25.7 JST). Lunar Prospector (USA) ( edit ) Lunar Prospector was launched on 7 January 1998. The mission ended on 31 July 1999, when the orbiter was deliberately crashed into a crater near the lunar south pole after the presence of water ice was successfully detected. SMART-1 (ESA) ( edit ) Launched 27 September 2003, 23:14 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. At the end of its mission, the ESA lunar orbiter SMART-1 performed a controlled crash into the Moon, at about 2 km/s. The time of the crash was 3 September 2006, at 5:42 UTC. Selene (japan) ( edit ) SELENE or Kaguya was launched on 14 September 2007. After successfully orbiting the Moon for a year and eight months, the main orbiter was instructed to impact on the lunar surface near the crater Gill at 18:25 UTC on 10 June 2009. Chang'e 1 (China) ( edit ) The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 , launched 24 October 2007, 10:05 UTC, executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009, 20:44 GMT, after a 16-month mission. Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2 (India) ( edit ) Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008, 00:52 UTC. The impactor, the Moon Impact Probe , impacted near Shackleton Crater at the south pole of the lunar surface at 14 November 2008, 20:31 IST. Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled for launch in 2018. LCROSS (USA) ( edit ) The LCROSS data collecting shepherding spacecraft was launched together with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) on 18 June 2009 on board an Atlas V rocket with a Centaur upper stage. On 9 October 2009, at 11:31 UTC , the Centaur upper stage impacted the lunar surface, releasing the kinetic energy equivalent of detonating approximately 2 tons of TNT (8.86 GJ ). Six minutes later at 11:37 UTC, the LCROSS shepherding spacecraft also impacted the surface. GRAIL (USA) ( edit ) The GRAIL mission consisted of two small spacecraft: GRAIL A ( Ebb ), and GRAIL B ( Flow ). They were launched on 10 September 2011 on board a Delta II rocket. GRAIL A separated from the rocket about nine minutes after launch, and GRAIL B followed about eight minutes later. The first probe entered orbit on 31 December 2011 and the second followed on 1 January 2012. The two spacecraft impacted the Lunar surface on 17 December 2012. LADEE (USA) ( edit ) LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013. The mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon , which, later, was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater . 21st century unmanned soft landings ( edit ) Chang'e 3 (China) ( edit ) On 14 December 2013 at 13:12 UTC Chang'e 3 soft-landed a rover on the Moon. This was the first lunar soft landing since Luna 24 on 22 August 1976. Landings on moons of other solar system bodies ( edit ) Progress in space exploration has recently broadened the phrase moon landing to include other moons in the Solar System as well. The Huygens probe of the Cassini-- Huygens mission to Saturn performed a successful unmanned moon landing on Titan in 2005. Similarly, the Soviet probe Phobos 2 came within 120 mi (190 km) of performing an unmanned moon landing on Mars ' moon Phobos in 1989 before radio contact with that lander was suddenly lost. A similar Russian sample return mission called Fobos-Grunt (`` grunt'' means `` soil'' in Russian) launched in November 2011, but stalled in low Earth orbit. There is widespread interest in performing a future moon landing on Jupiter 's Europa moon to drill down and explore the possible liquid water ocean beneath its icy surface. Proposed future missions ( edit ) Astronaut Buzz Aldrin , lunar module pilot of the first lunar landing mission, poses for a photograph beside the deployed United States flag during an Apollo 11 Extravehicular Activity (EVA) on the lunar surface. Main article: List of proposed missions to the Moon China is planning to land another rover and collect samples in the Chang'e 4 mission and return lunar soil samples by 2018 in the Chang'e 5 mission. ISRO , the Indian National Space agency, is planning a second version of Chandrayaan named Chandrayaan 2 . According to former ISRO Chairman G. Madhavan Nair , `` The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) hopes to land two rovers -- one Indian and another Russian -- on the Moon in 2018, as a part of its second Chandrayaan mission. The rover will be designed to move on wheels on the lunar surface, pick up samples of soil or rocks, do on-site chemical analysis and send the data to the mother-spacecraft Chandrayaan II, which will be orbiting above. Chandrayaan II will transmit the data to Earth.'' The payloads have already been finalized. ISRO has mentioned that due to weight restrictions it will not be carrying any overseas payloads on this mission. The lander weight is projected to be 1,250 kg, and the spacecraft will be launched by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle . Russia's Luna-Glob 1 is expected to be launched in 2018. In 2007 the head of the Russian Space Agency announced plans to send cosmonauts to the Moon by 2025 and establish a permanent robotically operated base there in 2027-- 2032. In 2015, Roscosmos stated that Russia plans to place a cosmonaut on the Moon by 2030, leaving Mars to NASA. The purpose is to work jointly with NASA and avoid another Space Race . The Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP) is a program of robotic spacecraft missions which NASA will use to prepare for future Moon landings. Three orbiters have been launched in the program, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), and the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE), launched in 2013, but no Moon landings are scheduled yet. The Google Lunar X Prize competition offers a $20 million award for the first privately funded team to land a robotic probe on the Moon. Like the Ansari X Prize before it, the competition aims to advance the state of the art in private space exploration. Of the several competing teams, Puli Space Technologies at one time (2012) planned to launch in 2014 and Astrobotic Technology plans to launch in the second half of 2016 with their own rover plus another team's lunar rovers from Hakuto . Historical empirical evidence ( edit ) Main article: Moon landing conspiracy theories Many conspiracy theorists hold that the Apollo Moon landings were a hoax; however, empirical evidence is readily available to show that manned moon landings did indeed occur . Anyone on Earth with an appropriate laser and telescope system can bounce laser beams off three retroreflector arrays left on the Moon by Apollo 11, 14 and 15, verifying deployment of the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment at historically documented Apollo Moon landing sites and so proving equipment constructed on Earth was successfully transported to the surface of the Moon. In addition, in August 2009 NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter began to send back high resolution photos of the Apollo landing sites. These photos show not only the large Descent Stages of the lunar landers left behind but also tracks of the astronauts' walking paths in the lunar dust. See also ( edit ) Spaceflight portal Lunar Escape Systems Robert Goddard Soyuz 7K-L1 Zond program First on the Moon (disambiguation) References and notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Manned Space Chronology: Apollo_11'' . spaceline.org . Retrieved 6 February 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Apollo Anniversary: Moon Landing `` Inspired World '' `` . National Geographic . Retrieved 6 February 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Luna 2'' . NASA-- NSSDC. Jump up ^ NASA Apollo 11 40th anniversary . ^ Jump up to: `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 3 Details'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Escape from the Moon!'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Lun 2 Details'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Homepage of V.V Pustynski for students of YFT0060'' . Estonia: Tartu Observatory . Archived from the original on 18 December 2012 . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ Ley, Willy (July 1957). `` For Your Information'' . Galaxy Science Fiction (61-- 71). p. 69 . Retrieved 11 June 2014 . Jump up ^ JPL Pioneer Mission Archived 28 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine ... Jump up ^ Lunar Impact `` Lunar Missions 1958 through 1965'' (PDF) . Nasa History Series . Retrieved 9 September 2009 . ^ Jump up to: `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 4 Details'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 6 Details'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . ^ Jump up to: `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 5 Details'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 7 Details'' . Jump up ^ `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 8 Details'' . Jump up ^ `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 9 Details'' . ^ Jump up to: `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 1 Details'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ `` NASA -- NSSDC -- Spacecraft -- Ranger 2 Details'' . Retrieved 17 February 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Astronautix Luna E-6'' . Retrieved February 18, 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Moon Exploration'' . National Geographic . Retrieved 17 September 2009 . Jump up ^ Burrows, William E. (1999). This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age . Modern Library. p. 432. ISBN 0-375-75485-7 . Jump up ^ `` In the Shadow of the Moon'' . comingsoon.net . Retrieved 7 February 2008 . Jump up ^ `` White House ' Lost In Space' Scenarios'' . thesmokinggun.com . Retrieved 7 February 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Sir Arthur C. Clarke'' . Jump up ^ `` Apollo TV Tapes: The Search Continues'' . space.com . Retrieved 8 February 2008 . Jump up ^ `` The American Flags On The Moon Have All Turned White -- Business Insider'' . businessinsider.com . Retrieved 28 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to: `` Apollo Moon Landing Flags Still Standing, Photos Reveal'' . Space.com. Retrieved 10 October 2014 Jump up ^ Hiten , NSSDC, NASA. Accessed on line 18 October 2010. Jump up ^ `` Eureka! Ice Found At Lunar Poles'' . NASA. 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2006 . Retrieved 29 December 2012 . Jump up ^ SMART 1 , NSSDC, NASA. Accessed on line 18 October 2010. Jump up ^ `` KAGUYA Lunar Impact'' . JAXA . Retrieved 2009-06-24 . Jump up ^ `` Chinese probe crashes into moon'' , BBC News, 1 March 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2010. Jump up ^ `` Chandrayaan-I Impact Probe lands on the Moon'' . The Times of India . 15 November 2008 . Retrieved 14 November 2008 . Jump up ^ `` NASA's LCROSS Mission Changes Impact Crater'' . NASA. 2009-09-29. Archived from the original on 2009-10-28 . Retrieved 2009-11-21 . Jump up ^ TheStar.com , `` NASA crashes rocket into moon'' . Jump up ^ `` Moon-bound twin GRAIL spacecraft launch success - EarthSky.org'' . Jump up ^ Spaceflight101 Archived 11 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` First of NASA's GRAIL Spacecraft Enters Moon Orbit'' . NASA . Retrieved 1 January 2012 . Jump up ^ GRAIL Twins crash into the Moon to complete highly successful Mission Archived 11 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE)'' . National Space Science Data Center Master Catalog . NASA. Jump up ^ Chang, Kenneth (18 April 2014). `` With Planned Crash, NASA Lunar Mission Comes to End'' . The New York Times . Retrieved 18 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Dunn, Marcia (18 April 2014). `` NASA's Moon-Orbiting Robot Crashes Down as Planned'' . ABC News . Retrieved 18 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Neal-Jones, Nancy (28 October 2014). `` NASA's LRO Spacecraft Captures Images of LADEE's Impact Crater'' . NASA . Retrieved 28 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Brown, Dwayne; Hoover, Rachel; Washington, Dewayne (18 April 2014). `` NASA Completes LADEE Mission with Planned Impact on Moon's Surface'' . NASA.gov . Release 14-- 113 . Retrieved 18 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` China lands Jade Rabbit robot rover on Moon'' . BBC. 14 December 2013. Jump up ^ Simon Denyer (14 December 2013). `` China carries out first soft landing on moon in 37 years'' . Washington Post. Jump up ^ `` China to Launch Lunar Probe Chang'e -2 before 2011'' . english.cas.ac.cn . Retrieved 29 September 2009 . Jump up ^ Johnson (31 August 2010). `` Three new Indian payloads for Chandrayaan 2, decides ISRO'' . The Indian Express . Retrieved 31 August 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Payloads for Chandrayaan-2 Mission Finalised'' . Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) . ISRO. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012 . Retrieved 2 September 2010 . Jump up ^ `` ИКИ : РФ начнет запуск автоматических станций к Луне в 2018 году '' . Jump up ^ `` Lavochkin begins phase B work for Luna-Glob 1 orbiter'' . http://www.flightglobal.com . Retrieved 29 September 2009 . External link in publisher= ( help ) Jump up ^ K, Jayalakshmi (27 June 2015). `` Russia to place man on Moon by 2030 leaving Mars to Nasa'' . Jump up ^ `` Lunar Precursor Robotic Program'' . NASA. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008 . Retrieved 26 February 2008 . Jump up ^ `` About Google Lunar X prize'' . Retrieved 10 September 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Our Mission'' . Puli Space Technologies . 4 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 January 2012 . Retrieved 29 January 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Two Google Lunar XPRIZE Teams Announce Rideshare Partnership For Mission To The Moon In 2016'' . xprize.org . Xprize Foundation. 23 February 2015 . Retrieved 6 March 2015 . Hakuto (... and fellow competitor) Astrobotic (will) carry a pair of rovers to the moon. Astrobotic plans to launch its Google Lunar XPRIZE mission on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Fla., during the second half of 2016. HAKUTO's twin rovers, Moonraker and Tetris, will piggyback on Astrobotic's Griffin lander to reach the lunar surface. Upon touchdown, the rovers will be released simultaneously ... in pursuit of the $20M Google Lunar XPRIZE Grand Prize. Jump up ^ Loren Grush (27 October 2011). `` Race to Mine the Moon Heats Up'' . Fox News Channel . Retrieved 29 January 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Photos: 8 Moon-Landing Hoax Myths-- Busted'' . National Geographic . 16 July 2009 . Retrieved 17 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Apollo 11 Experiment Still Going Strong after 35 Years'' , JPL 20 July 2004. Jump up ^ `` LRO Sees Apollo Landing Sites'' . NASA . 17 July 2009 . Retrieved 2 July 2011 . External links ( edit ) NASA's page on moon landings, missions, etc. (includes information on other space agencies' missions.) Moon missions (United States) at DMOZ Project Apollo Archive Flickr Gallery : an independently organized collection of high-res photos for the Moon Landing and the Apollo Missions. Spacecraft missions to the Moon Current Orbiters ARTEMIS Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Past Programs American Apollo Lunar Orbiter Lunar Precursor Robotic Program Pioneer Ranger Surveyor Chinese (CLEP) Indian (Chandrayaan) Japanese Soviet Crewed Luna Zond Lunokhod Orbiters Apollo 8 10 Apollo 15 Subsatellite (PFS-1) Apollo 16 Subsatellite (PFS-2) Chandrayaan-1 Chang'e 1 Chang'e 2 Clementine Explorer 35 Explorer 49 GRAIL Hiten LADEE Luna 10 11 12 14 19 22 Lunar Orbiter 1 5 Lunar Prospector SELENE (Kaguya, Okina & Ouna) SMART-1 Chang'e 5-T1 (Service Module) Flybys 4M Apollo 13 AsiaSat-3 Cassini-- Huygens Chang'e 5-T1 (Xiaofei) Galileo Geotail Luna 1 Luna 3 Mariner 10 Nozomi Pioneer 4 Pioneer 10 Ranger 5 STEREO Zond 3 5 6 7 8 Impactors LCROSS Luna 2 MIP Ranger 4 6 7 8 9 Landers Apollo Lunar Module x6 ALSEP (x5) and EASEP (x1) Chang'e 3 Luna 9 13 17 21 Surveyor 1 5 6 7 Rovers Apollo 15 16 17 Lunokhod 1 Lunokhod 2 Yutu Sample return Apollo x6 Luna 16 20 24 Human landing Apollo 11 12 14 15 16 17 Planned GLXP Moon Express (2018) Synergy Moon (2018) TeamIndus / Hakuto (2018) SpaceIL (2018) Others Chandrayaan-2 (2018) Chang'e 4 (2018) PTScientists (2018) SpaceX Lunar Tourism Mission (2018) TESS (2018) Astrobotic / Hakuto / AngelicvM (2019) Chang'e 5 (2019) EM-1 ( BioSentinel / CuSP / LunaH-Map / Lunar Flashlight / Lunar IceCube / NEA Scout / OMOTENASHI / SkyFire ) (2019) Luna-25 (2019) Chang'e 6 (2020) Blue Origin (2020) SLIM (2021) Luna 26 (2021) Luna 27 (2022) EM-2 (2023) Proposed Baden-Württemberg 1 Blue Origin Blue Moon Deep Space Gateway DSE-Alpha International Lunar Network Lunar Lander Lunar Mission One Lunar Orbital Station MoonLITE OpenLuna SELENE-R Cancelled Altair European Lunar Explorer LEO LK Lunar-A Lunar Observer Lunokhod 3 MoonRise Prospector Ukrselena See also Colonization of the Moon Exploration of the Moon Google Lunar X Prize List of Apollo astronauts List of lunar probes List of artificial objects on the Moon List of missions to the Moon Moon landing Conspiracy theories Manned missions in italics . Manned lunar spacecraft Orbiters Retired Apollo Command/Service Module Cancelled LK-1 / LK-700 ( VA ) Zond (Soyuz 7K-L1) LOK (Soyuz 7K-L3) Future Orion Federation Landers Retired Apollo Lunar Module Cancelled Lunniy Korabl Altair See also Moon landing conspiracy theories List of lunar probes List of artificial objects on the Moon List of missions to the Moon People who have walked on the Moon Neil Armstrong (CDR, Apollo 11 ) Buzz Aldrin (LMP, Apollo 11 ) Pete Conrad (CDR, Apollo 12 ) Alan Bean (LMP, Apollo 12 ) Alan Shepard (CDR, Apollo 14 ) Edgar Mitchell (LMP, Apollo 14 ) David Scott (CDR, Apollo 15 ) James Irwin (LMP, Apollo 15 ) John Young (CDR, Apollo 16 ) Charles Duke (LMP, Apollo 16 ) Eugene Cernan (CDR, Apollo 17 ) Harrison Schmitt (LMP, Apollo 17 ) Moon landing Apollo program Apollo Lunar Module Lunar Roving Vehicle The Moon Physical features Face on the Moon Internal structure Gravity field Topography Magnetic field Atmosphere Ion tail Moonlight Lunar swirls Orbit Orbit of the Moon Phases Lunation Lunar libration Full Moon Lunar terminator Full moon cycle Earthshine Lunar eclipse Solar eclipse Solar eclipses on the Moon Tide Surface Selenography Near side Far side North pole South pole Lunar mare List Craters List Calderas Mountains Valleys Volcanic features South Pole-- Aitken basin Shackleton crater Water Soil Ray systems Peak of eternal light Crater of eternal darkness Space weathering Transient lunar phenomenon Lunar basalt 70017 Science Geology timescale Giant-impact hypothesis Hill sphere Moon rocks Lunar meteorites KREEP Late Heavy Bombardment Lunar laser ranging ALSEP Observation Origin Lunar sample displays Apollo 11 lunar sample display Apollo 17 lunar sample display Exploration Apollo program Exploration of the Moon Colonization of the Moon List of lunar probes List of missions to the Moon Moon landing conspiracy theories Related topics Lunar calendar Lunisolar calendar Craters named after people Double planet Lunar effect Man in the Moon Memorials on the Moon Month Lunar month Moon illusion Harvest moon Hunter's moon Moon in art and literature Moon in mythology Hjúki and Bil (Norse legends) Moon is made of green cheese Natural satellite Solar System Supermoon Theia Tourism Phases / Occurrence Black moon Blue moon Lunar phase New moon Dark moon Wet moon Lilith (hypothetical moon) Moon portal Earth sciences portal Solar System portal GND : 4170439-3 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moon_landing&oldid=810041617 '' Categories : Exploration of the Moon History of television Missions to the Moon 1959 introductions Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2016 CS1 errors: external links Use dmy dates from January 2014 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012 Wikipedia articles needing style editing from January 2016 All articles needing style editing Articles needing additional references from January 2013 All articles needing additional references Articles with unsourced statements from February 2011 Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2015 Articles with DMOZ links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Alemannisch አማርኛ বাংলা Български Català Dansk Deutsch Diné bizaad Eesti Español فارسی Français 贛 語 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Patois Português Română Русский Simple English Suomi Tagalog தமிழ் Türkçe Українська Winaray 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 13 November 2017, at 01:17. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. AboutWikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"7351802457941460604"}}},{"rowIdx":92,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"the upside down show shane gets a haircut"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach '' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band '' . From this episode , the girl from the surprise room is present . David says `` Whatever you do , do n't press the _________ button . '' There is no vocabulary ."},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[[]],"string":"[\n []\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","The Upside Down Show Genre Comedy Created by David Collins , Shane Dundas , Belinda Ward Written by Billy Aronson , Judy Freudberg , Tony Geiss , Joey Mazzarino , Luis Santeiro , P. Kevin Strader , Belinda Ward , John Weidman Directed by Peter Cudlipp , Julie Money Starring David Collins , Shane Dundas , Amanda Bishop Voices of Mat McCoy , Adam Smillie Narrated by Adam Smillie Opening theme Down Upside Theme Ending theme Down Upside Good Bye Composer ( s ) David Chapman Country of origin Australia United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 1 No. of episodes 13 Production Executive producer ( s ) Michael Bourchier , Kurt Mueller Producer ( s ) Wendy Gray Location ( s ) Sydney , New South Wales , Australia Cinematography Ian Jones Editor ( s ) Simon Martin Camera setup both Single - camera and Multi-camera Running time 24 minutes Production company ( s ) Blink Films Sesame Workshop Noggin LLC Distributor Viacom Media Networks Sesame Workshop Release Original network Noggin Seven Network ( Episodes 1 - 6 ) Nine Network ( Episodes 7 - 10 ) Network Ten ( Episodes 11 - 13 ) Original release 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) -- 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 )","The Upside Down Show","Genre Comedy","Created by David Collins , Shane Dundas , Belinda Ward","Written by Billy Aronson , Judy Freudberg , Tony Geiss , Joey Mazzarino , Luis Santeiro , P. Kevin Strader , Belinda Ward , John Weidman","Directed by Peter Cudlipp , Julie Money","Starring David Collins , Shane Dundas , Amanda Bishop","Voices of Mat McCoy , Adam Smillie","Narrated by Adam Smillie","Opening theme Down Upside Theme","Ending theme Down Upside Good Bye","Composer ( s ) David Chapman","Country of origin Australia United States","Original language ( s ) English","No. of seasons 1","No. of episodes 13","Production","Executive producer ( s ) Michael Bourchier , Kurt Mueller","Producer ( s ) Wendy Gray","Location ( s ) Sydney , New South Wales , Australia","Cinematography Ian Jones","Editor ( s ) Simon Martin","Camera setup both Single - camera and Multi-camera","Running time 24 minutes","Production company ( s ) Blink Films Sesame Workshop Noggin LLC","Distributor Viacom Media Networks Sesame Workshop","Release","Original network Noggin Seven Network ( Episodes 1 - 6 ) Nine Network ( Episodes 7 - 10 ) Network Ten ( Episodes 11 - 13 )","Original release 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) -- 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 )","The Upside Down Show is an Australian children 's TV show originally airing on Noggin , Nick Jr . Australia , ABC ( episode 3 ) , Seven Network ( episode 4 , 6 - 9 ) , Nine Network ( episode 5 , 10 - 11 , and 13 ) and Network Ten ( episode 1 - 2 and 12 ) . The series was the recipient of a 2007 Logie Award . On the show , Shane Dundas and David Collins ( The Umbilical Brothers - Maisy ) play brothers who live together in a strange house with a variety of unusual rooms . The show premiered on Nick Jr . Australia in 2006 and on Noggin in 2006 .","In 2006 , in a New York Post interview , Shane Dundas expressed doubts about the return of the show for a second season .","In 2007 , the Umbilical Brothers announced on their website that Viacom was not interested in a second season of The Upside Down Show , despite its success . In 2007 , the show won the Creative Craft Daytime Emmy Award for Main Title Design and a Parents ' Choice Award Silver Honor for Television .","Shane -- Shane Dundas plays `` Shane , '' who is bald and wears long cargo pants , hi - top sneakers , and a blue T - shirt featuring the symbol for `` slow motion '' as found on most electronic devices . David -- David Collins plays `` David , '' who has dark , curly hair and wears either cargo shorts or capris , sneakers , and a striped polo shirt . He has super-sensitive hearing ( only functional when he makes a `` do - do - do - do '' sound effect at the same time but in the scene of the episode ' Marching Band , ' he does n't use the `` do - do - do - do '' and his SSH ( acronym of Super-Sensitive Hearing ) work automatically ) and , as shown in episodes , a super-sensitive sense of smell . Mrs. Foil -- The only other regularly appearing human character , Mrs. Foil is the boys ' friendly neighbor . She is blonde and wears a bright pink or orange or yellow or even purple ladies ' business suit , ladybug pin , pink or orange or yellow or even purple stockings , and pink or orange or yellow or even purple shoes . She can play the tuba and often offers comedic quips such as `` See you later , alligators , '' or `` Got to go , penguin toes , '' or even `` Haha ! '' . Mrs. Foil is portrayed by actress Amanda Bishop ( who also appears in various other segments , not necessarily as Mrs. Foil , but as a generic lady ) . Puppet -- Puppet is a mottled , greyish and brown hand puppet resembling no particular type of creature . He lives with the brothers and often assists them in their antics . He sometimes appears to be more rational than Shane and David but is often just as silly as the boys . He has a cousin named Mary Annette . Puppet is performed and voiced by puppeteer Mat McCoy . Puppet was built by Puppet Heap . The Schmuzzies -- The Schmuzzies are a friendly bunch of fuzzy , ball - shaped creatures who pop up in various places . They come in a wide range of bright colors and speak a language called Schmuzzish ( `` Schmello , Schmuzzies ! '' ) . Shane sometimes appears to be apprehensive of the creatures , while David maintains a good rapport with them and is fluent in their language ( which he studied for seven years , `` part - time '' ) . The Schmuzzies were built by Puppet Heap . Fido the Fly -- Fido is Shane 's ( imaginary ) pet fly who lives behind a tiny door in the boys ' apartment . Fido communicates to Shane by buzzing ( voiced by Shane ) . He is first mentioned in `` Barbershop '' and makes his first appearance in `` Art Museum '' . He is an avid tennis player . Shane and David were doing the silly dance called The Fly Dity . And at first . David and Puppet were surprised with their mouths open . The Voice -- An authoritative male voice sometimes speaks to Shane and David , generally reminding the duo to knock before entering a room ( i.e. `` You forgot to knock , '' or , `` Are n't you forgetting something ? '' , followed by `` Come in '' when they do so ) . The Voice sometimes demands specific types of knocks before giving they boys consent to enter a room . The voice narrates the children in every instant replay mode , he saying `` Total ... '' or in Birthday Party as `` Concert ... '' . Another voice narrates when the boys finally reach their intended destination `` for the very first time '' .","Shane -- Shane Dundas plays `` Shane , '' who is bald and wears long cargo pants , hi - top sneakers , and a blue T - shirt featuring the symbol for `` slow motion '' as found on most electronic devices .","David -- David Collins plays `` David , '' who has dark , curly hair and wears either cargo shorts or capris , sneakers , and a striped polo shirt . He has super-sensitive hearing ( only functional when he makes a `` do - do - do - do '' sound effect at the same time but in the scene of the episode ' Marching Band , ' he does n't use the `` do - do - do - do '' and his SSH ( acronym of Super-Sensitive Hearing ) work automatically ) and , as shown in episodes , a super-sensitive sense of smell .","Mrs. Foil -- The only other regularly appearing human character , Mrs. Foil is the boys ' friendly neighbor . She is blonde and wears a bright pink or orange or yellow or even purple ladies ' business suit , ladybug pin , pink or orange or yellow or even purple stockings , and pink or orange or yellow or even purple shoes . She can play the tuba and often offers comedic quips such as `` See you later , alligators , '' or `` Got to go , penguin toes , '' or even `` Haha ! '' . Mrs. Foil is portrayed by actress Amanda Bishop ( who also appears in various other segments , not necessarily as Mrs. Foil , but as a generic lady ) .","Puppet -- Puppet is a mottled , greyish and brown hand puppet resembling no particular type of creature . He lives with the brothers and often assists them in their antics . He sometimes appears to be more rational than Shane and David but is often just as silly as the boys . He has a cousin named Mary Annette . Puppet is performed and voiced by puppeteer Mat McCoy . Puppet was built by Puppet Heap .","The Schmuzzies -- The Schmuzzies are a friendly bunch of fuzzy , ball - shaped creatures who pop up in various places . They come in a wide range of bright colors and speak a language called Schmuzzish ( `` Schmello , Schmuzzies ! '' ) . Shane sometimes appears to be apprehensive of the creatures , while David maintains a good rapport with them and is fluent in their language ( which he studied for seven years , `` part - time '' ) . The Schmuzzies were built by Puppet Heap .","Fido the Fly -- Fido is Shane 's ( imaginary ) pet fly who lives behind a tiny door in the boys ' apartment . Fido communicates to Shane by buzzing ( voiced by Shane ) . He is first mentioned in `` Barbershop '' and makes his first appearance in `` Art Museum '' . He is an avid tennis player . Shane and David were doing the silly dance called The Fly Dity . And at first . David and Puppet were surprised with their mouths open .","The Voice -- An authoritative male voice sometimes speaks to Shane and David , generally reminding the duo to knock before entering a room ( i.e. `` You forgot to knock , '' or , `` Are n't you forgetting something ? '' , followed by `` Come in '' when they do so ) . The Voice sometimes demands specific types of knocks before giving they boys consent to enter a room . The voice narrates the children in every instant replay mode , he saying `` Total ... '' or in Birthday Party as `` Concert ... '' . Another voice narrates when the boys finally reach their intended destination `` for the very first time '' .","Action Fingers -- Occasionally Shane and David have need to call upon the resources of two rough - and - tumble figures , Knuckles ( on Shane 's left hand ) and Pointy ( on David 's right hand ) . These two - digit adventurers are performed by Shane and David when they `` let their fingers do the walking '' over various props and scenery . They serve as the show 's superheroes . Bob the Blanket - Bob is a small , white `` blanket '' ( more the size of a hand towel ) belonging to David ( who also performs his voice ) . He speaks in a rough voice with an American accent and employs a sardonic wit . Bob only appears in `` Barbershop '' and very briefly in `` Camping . '' Spot the Chair -- Spot is David 's pet chair who plays a game called , `` Fly on the Chair '' with Fido , who he is good friends with . He only appears in `` Pet Shop '' and very briefly in `` Picnic . ''","Action Fingers -- Occasionally Shane and David have need to call upon the resources of two rough - and - tumble figures , Knuckles ( on Shane 's left hand ) and Pointy ( on David 's right hand ) . These two - digit adventurers are performed by Shane and David when they `` let their fingers do the walking '' over various props and scenery . They serve as the show 's superheroes .","Bob the Blanket - Bob is a small , white `` blanket '' ( more the size of a hand towel ) belonging to David ( who also performs his voice ) . He speaks in a rough voice with an American accent and employs a sardonic wit . Bob only appears in `` Barbershop '' and very briefly in `` Camping . ''","Spot the Chair -- Spot is David 's pet chair who plays a game called , `` Fly on the Chair '' with Fido , who he is good friends with . He only appears in `` Pet Shop '' and very briefly in `` Picnic . ''","Opening activity : A cold open starring Shane and David Puppet : A recurring segment at the beginning of the series . Starting with Episode 1 . Wrong Turns : Shane and David tried to go to the title location of the episode but they went to mistakes . In at least one of the rooms , they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path . Schmuzzies : A recurring segment . Shane and David visit the Schmuzzies . It only appeared in Episodes 1 , 2 , 8 , 10 , 12 and 13 . Fido the Fly : A recurring segment after Shane and David go through a Wrong turn to go see Fido . It first appeared in Episode 3 and appeared in Episode 4 ( after the Moon scene ) , Episode 8 ( after the Desert Room ) , Episode 10 ( after the No - Fun Room ) and Episode 13 ( after Outer Space ) . Mrs. Foil : A recurring segment starring Mrs. Foil . The Mrs. Foil segment is first mentioned in Episode 2 and first appeared in Episode 3 . It is absent in Episode 1 , Episode 5 , Episode 6 , Episode 9 and Episode 13 . Finale : The brothers locate their destination and experience something , such as a picnic , farm , or an airport , `` for the very first time '' . Souvenir : A post-credits segment . Action Fingers : This segment only appears in Episodes 1 ( Laundry Room ) , 3 ( Museum of Finger Painting ) , 5 ( Looking for a place for the Boys to sleep in ) , 7 ( Paper Airplane Room ) and 13 ( looking for the oranges ) . Instant Replay : The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again . During the slow motion replay , Shane and David play the role of commentators , narrating the action and assessing the child 's technique .","Opening activity : A cold open starring Shane and David","Puppet : A recurring segment at the beginning of the series . Starting with Episode 1 .","Wrong Turns : Shane and David tried to go to the title location of the episode but they went to mistakes . In at least one of the rooms , they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path .","Schmuzzies : A recurring segment . Shane and David visit the Schmuzzies . It only appeared in Episodes 1 , 2 , 8 , 10 , 12 and 13 .","Fido the Fly : A recurring segment after Shane and David go through a Wrong turn to go see Fido . It first appeared in Episode 3 and appeared in Episode 4 ( after the Moon scene ) , Episode 8 ( after the Desert Room ) , Episode 10 ( after the No - Fun Room ) and Episode 13 ( after Outer Space ) .","Mrs. Foil : A recurring segment starring Mrs. Foil . The Mrs. Foil segment is first mentioned in Episode 2 and first appeared in Episode 3 . It is absent in Episode 1 , Episode 5 , Episode 6 , Episode 9 and Episode 13 .","Finale : The brothers locate their destination and experience something , such as a picnic , farm , or an airport , `` for the very first time '' .","Souvenir : A post-credits segment .","Action Fingers : This segment only appears in Episodes 1 ( Laundry Room ) , 3 ( Museum of Finger Painting ) , 5 ( Looking for a place for the Boys to sleep in ) , 7 ( Paper Airplane Room ) and 13 ( looking for the oranges ) .","Instant Replay : The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again . During the slow motion replay , Shane and David play the role of commentators , narrating the action and assessing the child 's technique .","Before Title Sequence :","Each episode begins with a cold opening showing one or both brothers in the middle of some activity , typically involving something imaginary . After greeting the audience , David introduces `` The Remote '' by pretending to be holding a remote control . He explains that The Remote can control the action on - screen . He demonstrates by pressing various buttons , which control Shane 's actions . For example , `` Fast Forward '' causes Shane to move and speak fast , `` Pause '' causes him to freeze , `` Rewind '' , which causes anyone to move and speak backwards , `` Mute '' , which causes Shane to speak without any sound . In many episodes , David discovers a previously unknown `` Wild - card Button , '' such as `` Humongous '' ( and its opposite , the `` Minute '' button ) . This button causes some strange and / or undesired effect . He presses unknown buttons on the remote after saying `` Hmm '' or `` Ooh , I wonder what this button does . '' David then offers The Remote to the viewer and `` hands it over '' by reaching off - screen downward . The brothers direct the viewer to `` press the Play button . '' At this point , a strange and / or undesired effect happens ( `` Uh - oh , I think someone pressed the _____ button '' ) . The brothers encourage the viewer to fix the situation by pressing a button for opposite effect . When they ask the viewer to `` press play '' a second time , Shane says `` But whatever you do , do n't press the - '' but he is almost finished when the joke is repeated , and the viewer must again press the button for the opposite effect . Finally , Shane and David ask the viewer to `` Just press Play '' a third time , and the opening credits begin .","Title Sequence :","The Action Fingers enter the frame and perch on the title , which is flipped upside down . Pointy reads the title as `` Down Upside '' due to its position . Realizing the mistake , they help turn the words `` Upside Down '' the right way up , and read the title correctly . They then walk along atop the credits until they reach a door . The credits list the stars as David Collins and Shane Dundas , and state that the show was created by Belinda Ward , Shane Dundas , and David Collins .","Plot Structure :","The central objective of every episode is for Shane and David to get to a certain location . However , they do not know how to get there . They spend the episode adventuring through the various red doors in their apartment , as well as searching other places ( e.g. , under a table , behind a bookcase , inside and behind their sofa and closet ) . The brothers occasionally request help from the viewers , asking them to press buttons on their remote . Their journey takes them to 3 `` Wrong Turn '' rooms . In at least one of the rooms , they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path . Eventually they locate their destination and experience something , such as a picnic , farm , or an airport , `` for the very first time '' .","The show ends with the brothers back in their apartment . During the last few minutes of the show , they give the viewer an imaginary souvenir to thank them for their help throughout the episode . Then , they say goodbye . As the credits begin , Shane and David begin to do things ( e.g. in Farm , they play as a rockband with David yelling out as ( Executive Producer Kurt Russel ) begins , `` One , two , three , four ! '' and in Picnic , Shane and David are fighting over the string until at the point ( Executive In Charge of Sesame Workshop Jodi Nussbaum ) credit appears , Shane and David wave left and right their bodies until at the end of the credits , and in Art Museum , Puppet accidentally surprises Shane and David , until at the point where the ( Executive In Charge of Sesame Workshop Jodi Nubbasum ) credit appears , Shane and David laugh until they pause , and Puppet now freely says , `` Whoops , I think somebody just pressed the Pause button . '' Then the episode ends with the Sesame Workshop logo . )","There are a few running gags in the show . The main one is the `` Upside - Down '' button . When this button is pressed ( and it is in every episode but one ) , the viewpoint shifts , with a silly sound effect , to an upside - down shot of whomever is in the scene . The actors ' and puppets ' hands are held up in the air to make it look as if they are hanging upside down . One of the boys begs the viewer to press the `` Right Side Up '' button , at which point the viewpoint rights itself . Another sequence seen in each episode is the use of the `` Instant Replay '' button . The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again . During the slow motion replay , Shane and David play the role of commentators , narrating the action and assessing the child 's technique . A more subtle running gag is the fake pineapple that appears in at least three episodes . Another is the `` Mute button '' . Once this button is pressed , Shane speaks without a sound until David presses `` Unmute '' , which reverses the effects of the `` Mute button '' and is only seen in the episode `` Airport '' . Next is the `` Rotate '' button in the episode `` Pet Shop '' . When David or the viewers press this special button , the viewpoint shifts 360 degress . The next button is the `` Horizontal button '' , in which whomever is at the scene is put in the sideways position and one of the boys ask the viewer to press the `` Vertical button '' , which puts the actors in the upright position and is only seen in the episode `` Camping '' . This next one is the `` Up button '' , which makes the actors go up and they beg for the viewers to press the `` Down button '' to put them down and is only seen in the episode `` Barbershop '' . Next is the `` Stumble button '' from the 1st episode `` Movie Theater '' . If David or the viewers press this ridiculus button , they look like they stumbled and tripped . Up next is the `` Inside button '' . If the viewers press this hilarious button , the boys will disappear and then reappear inside a cup and Puppet and the boy 's picnic supplies inside the basket . At that moment , the boys beg for the viewers to press the `` Outside button '' for the boys to get out of the cup and their picnic basket . Next up , the `` Sandwich button '' . In the episode `` Picnic '' , when Shane and David are in the `` Sandwich Room '' , Shane asks the viewers to press the `` Sandwich Button '' and once that happens , sandwiches appear . Also , fly - sized sandwiches for Fido because they were having their first picnic and Fido is sad because he has n't been on a picnic before .","Episode # Title Original Air - Date Production Code 1 `` Mini Golf '' 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 ) 823 Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution . Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? '' Opening activity : Yoga . Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator . Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again . Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity . Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room . Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . '' Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini . While in the Basketball Room , David , thinking the orange thing is a basketball , gets frustrated that it is not dribbling properly . He yells at the orange thing , `` This is your home ! It 's your home ! What 's wrong ? ! You too good for your home ? ! '' , a direct allusion to the Adam Sandler film , Happy Gilmore , in which the title character yells almost exactly the same speech , also at a golf ball . 2 `` Farm '' 10 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 10 ) 821 Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears . Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room Opening activity : Climbing . Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room ) Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great ) Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' . Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band . Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow 3 `` Movie Theatre '' 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) 811 Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it . Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it . Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook . Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great ) Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie . Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action . Souvenir : Camera In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . '' When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' . 4 `` Barbershop '' 17 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 17 ) 812 Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop . Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign ) Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote . Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something ) Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own . Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room . Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her . Souvenir : Stickers There is a girl featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as in the barbershop itself . Her name , as shown in the closing credits , is Jade Barbar . Fido did n't appear in this episode , but was mentioned by Shane . There is also no joking button . 5 `` Marching Band '' 9 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 09 ) 819 Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band . Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing . Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro ) Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down ) Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader . Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies . Instant Replay : To see the four children march . Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round ) The bird in the Sky Room sounds like John Lennon , making a reference to the song `` Imagine '' , saying , `` No ground below us , only skies , '' and the marching band room has the cameo appearance in the episode ' Camping ' where Shane 's bedroom is replaced . There is no souvenir . 6 `` Art Museum '' 18 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 18 ) 813 Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in . Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting Opening activity : Eating a banana . Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice . Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water ) Action Fingers : They fingerpaint . Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . '' Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine . Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode . Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . '' Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints . That is Fido the Fly 's first episode . 7 `` Pet Shop '' 19 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 19 ) 814 Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop . Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon Opening activity : Juggling . Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David . Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) . Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . '' Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Chair Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair . Spot with Fido on chair with David . There is also no vocabulary . 8 `` Camping '' 20 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 20 ) 815 Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet . Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room Opening activity : Stand or sit . Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons ) Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? '' Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon ) Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag . Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning . Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them . Souvenir : Sleeping bag Shane and David do not say , `` But whatever you do , do n't hit the ______ button . '' There is no joking button . 9 `` Picnic '' 6 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 06 ) 816 Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic . Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room Opening activity : Drinking tea . Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich . Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious ) Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only ) Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games . Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic . Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Kite In the Wind Room are the Elephant from the no - room room , Fish from the underwater room , Puppet , Spot the Chair , Mrs. Foil , and Umbrella . 10 `` Airport '' 7 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 07 ) 817 Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first . Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room Opening activity : Making a smoothie . Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) , Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? '' Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . '' Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room . Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage . Souvenir : Binoculars Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' This is the only episode that does n't include the Rewind / Fast Forward , Upside Down / Right Side Up buttons . There is no vocabulary . The Voice is absent . No doors , no windows and no drawers . 11 `` Beach '' 8 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 08 ) 818 Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it . Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole Opening activity : Horse - back riding . Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro ) Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket . Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away . Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it . Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! '' Souvenir : Beach balls 12 `` Ice Cream Truck '' 17 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 17 ) 822 Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream . Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show Opening activity : Weight lifting . Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone . Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar . Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream . Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . '' Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David . Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir . 13 `` Birthday Party '' 10 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 10 ) 820 Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them . Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair . Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise '' Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents . Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends . Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! '' Souvenir : Birthday present Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach '' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band '' . From this episode , the girl from the surprise room is present . David says `` Whatever you do , do n't press the _________ button . '' There is no vocabulary .","Episode # Title Original Air - Date Production Code","1 `` Mini Golf '' 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 ) 823","Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution . Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? '' Opening activity : Yoga . Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator . Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again . Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity . Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room . Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . '' Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini . While in the Basketball Room , David , thinking the orange thing is a basketball , gets frustrated that it is not dribbling properly . He yells at the orange thing , `` This is your home ! It 's your home ! What 's wrong ? ! You too good for your home ? ! '' , a direct allusion to the Adam Sandler film , Happy Gilmore , in which the title character yells almost exactly the same speech , also at a golf ball .","Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution . Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? '' Opening activity : Yoga . Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator . Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again . Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity . Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room . Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . '' Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini .","Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution .","Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room","Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? ''","Opening activity : Yoga .","Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home","Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused )","Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator .","Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again .","Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity .","Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room .","Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . ''","Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini .","While in the Basketball Room , David , thinking the orange thing is a basketball , gets frustrated that it is not dribbling properly . He yells at the orange thing , `` This is your home ! It 's your home ! What 's wrong ? ! You too good for your home ? ! '' , a direct allusion to the Adam Sandler film , Happy Gilmore , in which the title character yells almost exactly the same speech , also at a golf ball .","2 `` Farm '' 10 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 10 ) 821","Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears . Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room Opening activity : Climbing . Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room ) Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great ) Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' . Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band . Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow","Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears . Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room Opening activity : Climbing . Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room ) Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great ) Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' . Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band . Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow","Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears .","Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room","Opening activity : Climbing .","Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room )","Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle .","Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great )","Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' .","Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band .","Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them .","Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow","3 `` Movie Theatre '' 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) 811","Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it . Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it . Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook . Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great ) Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie . Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action . Souvenir : Camera In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . '' When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' .","Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it . Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it . Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook . Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great ) Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie . Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action . Souvenir : Camera In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . '' When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' .","Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it .","Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it .","Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook .","Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding","Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again .","Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great )","Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys .","Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie .","Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action .","Souvenir : Camera","In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . ''","When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' .","4 `` Barbershop '' 17 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 17 ) 812","Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop . Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign ) Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote . Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something ) Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own . Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room . Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her . Souvenir : Stickers There is a girl featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as in the barbershop itself . Her name , as shown in the closing credits , is Jade Barbar . Fido did n't appear in this episode , but was mentioned by Shane . There is also no joking button .","Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop . Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign ) Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote . Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something ) Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own . Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room . Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her . Souvenir : Stickers","Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop .","Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign )","Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote .","Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry","Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something )","Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own .","Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room .","Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair","Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her .","Souvenir : Stickers","There is a girl featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as in the barbershop itself . Her name , as shown in the closing credits , is Jade Barbar . Fido did n't appear in this episode , but was mentioned by Shane . There is also no joking button .","5 `` Marching Band '' 9 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 09 ) 819","Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band . Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing . Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro ) Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down ) Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader . Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies . Instant Replay : To see the four children march . Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round ) The bird in the Sky Room sounds like John Lennon , making a reference to the song `` Imagine '' , saying , `` No ground below us , only skies , '' and the marching band room has the cameo appearance in the episode ' Camping ' where Shane 's bedroom is replaced . There is no souvenir .","Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band . Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing . Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro ) Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down ) Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader . Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies . Instant Replay : To see the four children march . Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round )","Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band .","Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room","Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing .","Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro )","Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down )","Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader .","Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies .","Instant Replay : To see the four children march .","Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them .","Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round )","The bird in the Sky Room sounds like John Lennon , making a reference to the song `` Imagine '' , saying , `` No ground below us , only skies , '' and the marching band room has the cameo appearance in the episode ' Camping ' where Shane 's bedroom is replaced . There is no souvenir .","6 `` Art Museum '' 18 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 18 ) 813","Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in . Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting Opening activity : Eating a banana . Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice . Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water ) Action Fingers : They fingerpaint . Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . '' Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine . Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode . Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . '' Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints . That is Fido the Fly 's first episode .","Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in . Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting Opening activity : Eating a banana . Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice . Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water ) Action Fingers : They fingerpaint . Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . '' Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine . Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode . Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . '' Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints .","Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in .","Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting","Opening activity : Eating a banana .","Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice .","Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water )","Action Fingers : They fingerpaint .","Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . ''","Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine .","Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode .","Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake .","Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . ''","Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints .","That is Fido the Fly 's first episode .","7 `` Pet Shop '' 19 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 19 ) 814","Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop . Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon Opening activity : Juggling . Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David . Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) . Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . '' Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Chair Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair . Spot with Fido on chair with David . There is also no vocabulary .","Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop . Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon Opening activity : Juggling . Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David . Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) . Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . '' Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Chair Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair .","Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop .","Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon","Opening activity : Juggling .","Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David .","Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited","Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) .","Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair .","Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . ''","Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them .","Souvenir : Chair","Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair .","Spot with Fido on chair with David . There is also no vocabulary .","8 `` Camping '' 20 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 20 ) 815","Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet . Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room Opening activity : Stand or sit . Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons ) Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? '' Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon ) Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag . Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning . Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them . Souvenir : Sleeping bag Shane and David do not say , `` But whatever you do , do n't hit the ______ button . '' There is no joking button .","Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet . Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room Opening activity : Stand or sit . Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons ) Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? '' Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon ) Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag . Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning . Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them . Souvenir : Sleeping bag","Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet .","Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room","Opening activity : Stand or sit .","Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons )","Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon .","Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? ''","Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon )","Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag .","Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning .","Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up .","Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them .","Souvenir : Sleeping bag","Shane and David do not say , `` But whatever you do , do n't hit the ______ button . '' There is no joking button .","9 `` Picnic '' 6 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 06 ) 816","Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic . Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room Opening activity : Drinking tea . Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich . Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious ) Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only ) Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games . Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic . Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Kite In the Wind Room are the Elephant from the no - room room , Fish from the underwater room , Puppet , Spot the Chair , Mrs. Foil , and Umbrella .","Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic . Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room Opening activity : Drinking tea . Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich . Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious ) Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only ) Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games . Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic . Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Kite","Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic .","Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room","Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room","Opening activity : Drinking tea .","Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich .","Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious )","Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only )","Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games .","Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic .","Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them .","Souvenir : Kite","In the Wind Room are the Elephant from the no - room room , Fish from the underwater room , Puppet , Spot the Chair , Mrs. Foil , and Umbrella .","10 `` Airport '' 7 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 07 ) 817","Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first . Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room Opening activity : Making a smoothie . Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) , Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? '' Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . '' Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room . Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage . Souvenir : Binoculars Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' This is the only episode that does n't include the Rewind / Fast Forward , Upside Down / Right Side Up buttons . There is no vocabulary . The Voice is absent . No doors , no windows and no drawers .","Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first . Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room Opening activity : Making a smoothie . Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) , Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? '' Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . '' Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room . Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage . Souvenir : Binoculars Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . ''","Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first .","Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room","Opening activity : Making a smoothie .","Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) ,","Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again .","Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? ''","Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . ''","Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room .","Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . ''","Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage .","Souvenir : Binoculars","Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . ''","This is the only episode that does n't include the Rewind / Fast Forward , Upside Down / Right Side Up buttons . There is no vocabulary . The Voice is absent . No doors , no windows and no drawers .","11 `` Beach '' 8 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 08 ) 818","Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it . Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole Opening activity : Horse - back riding . Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro ) Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket . Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away . Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it . Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! '' Souvenir : Beach balls","Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it . Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole Opening activity : Horse - back riding . Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro ) Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket . Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away . Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it . Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! '' Souvenir : Beach balls","Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it .","Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole","Opening activity : Horse - back riding .","Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro )","Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket .","Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused )","Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away .","Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it .","Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary .","Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! ''","Souvenir : Beach balls","12 `` Ice Cream Truck '' 17 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 17 ) 822","Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream . Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show Opening activity : Weight lifting . Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone . Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar . Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream . Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . '' Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David . Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir .","Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream . Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show Opening activity : Weight lifting . Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone . Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar . Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream . Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . '' Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David . Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir .","Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream .","Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show","Opening activity : Weight lifting .","Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading","Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone .","Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar .","Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream .","Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . ''","Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David .","Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir .","13 `` Birthday Party '' 10 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 10 ) 820","Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them . Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair . Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise '' Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents . Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends . Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! '' Souvenir : Birthday present Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach '' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band '' . From this episode , the girl from the surprise room is present . David says `` Whatever you do , do n't press the _________ button . '' There is no vocabulary .","Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them . Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair . Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise '' Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents . Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends . Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! '' Souvenir : Birthday present","Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them .","Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room","Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair .","Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration","Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise ''","Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents .","Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends .","Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline .","Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! ''","Souvenir : Birthday present","Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach '' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band '' . From this episode , the girl from the surprise room is present . David says `` Whatever you do , do n't press the _________ button . '' There is no vocabulary ."],"string":"[\n \"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"The Upside Down Show Genre Comedy Created by David Collins , Shane Dundas , Belinda Ward Written by Billy Aronson , Judy Freudberg , Tony Geiss , Joey Mazzarino , Luis Santeiro , P. Kevin Strader , Belinda Ward , John Weidman Directed by Peter Cudlipp , Julie Money Starring David Collins , Shane Dundas , Amanda Bishop Voices of Mat McCoy , Adam Smillie Narrated by Adam Smillie Opening theme Down Upside Theme Ending theme Down Upside Good Bye Composer ( s ) David Chapman Country of origin Australia United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 1 No. of episodes 13 Production Executive producer ( s ) Michael Bourchier , Kurt Mueller Producer ( s ) Wendy Gray Location ( s ) Sydney , New South Wales , Australia Cinematography Ian Jones Editor ( s ) Simon Martin Camera setup both Single - camera and Multi-camera Running time 24 minutes Production company ( s ) Blink Films Sesame Workshop Noggin LLC Distributor Viacom Media Networks Sesame Workshop Release Original network Noggin Seven Network ( Episodes 1 - 6 ) Nine Network ( Episodes 7 - 10 ) Network Ten ( Episodes 11 - 13 ) Original release 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) -- 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 )\",\n \"The Upside Down Show\",\n \"Genre Comedy\",\n \"Created by David Collins , Shane Dundas , Belinda Ward\",\n \"Written by Billy Aronson , Judy Freudberg , Tony Geiss , Joey Mazzarino , Luis Santeiro , P. Kevin Strader , Belinda Ward , John Weidman\",\n \"Directed by Peter Cudlipp , Julie Money\",\n \"Starring David Collins , Shane Dundas , Amanda Bishop\",\n \"Voices of Mat McCoy , Adam Smillie\",\n \"Narrated by Adam Smillie\",\n \"Opening theme Down Upside Theme\",\n \"Ending theme Down Upside Good Bye\",\n \"Composer ( s ) David Chapman\",\n \"Country of origin Australia United States\",\n \"Original language ( s ) English\",\n \"No. of seasons 1\",\n \"No. of episodes 13\",\n \"Production\",\n \"Executive producer ( s ) Michael Bourchier , Kurt Mueller\",\n \"Producer ( s ) Wendy Gray\",\n \"Location ( s ) Sydney , New South Wales , Australia\",\n \"Cinematography Ian Jones\",\n \"Editor ( s ) Simon Martin\",\n \"Camera setup both Single - camera and Multi-camera\",\n \"Running time 24 minutes\",\n \"Production company ( s ) Blink Films Sesame Workshop Noggin LLC\",\n \"Distributor Viacom Media Networks Sesame Workshop\",\n \"Release\",\n \"Original network Noggin Seven Network ( Episodes 1 - 6 ) Nine Network ( Episodes 7 - 10 ) Network Ten ( Episodes 11 - 13 )\",\n \"Original release 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) -- 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 )\",\n \"The Upside Down Show is an Australian children 's TV show originally airing on Noggin , Nick Jr . Australia , ABC ( episode 3 ) , Seven Network ( episode 4 , 6 - 9 ) , Nine Network ( episode 5 , 10 - 11 , and 13 ) and Network Ten ( episode 1 - 2 and 12 ) . The series was the recipient of a 2007 Logie Award . On the show , Shane Dundas and David Collins ( The Umbilical Brothers - Maisy ) play brothers who live together in a strange house with a variety of unusual rooms . The show premiered on Nick Jr . Australia in 2006 and on Noggin in 2006 .\",\n \"In 2006 , in a New York Post interview , Shane Dundas expressed doubts about the return of the show for a second season .\",\n \"In 2007 , the Umbilical Brothers announced on their website that Viacom was not interested in a second season of The Upside Down Show , despite its success . In 2007 , the show won the Creative Craft Daytime Emmy Award for Main Title Design and a Parents ' Choice Award Silver Honor for Television .\",\n \"Shane -- Shane Dundas plays `` Shane , '' who is bald and wears long cargo pants , hi - top sneakers , and a blue T - shirt featuring the symbol for `` slow motion '' as found on most electronic devices . David -- David Collins plays `` David , '' who has dark , curly hair and wears either cargo shorts or capris , sneakers , and a striped polo shirt . He has super-sensitive hearing ( only functional when he makes a `` do - do - do - do '' sound effect at the same time but in the scene of the episode ' Marching Band , ' he does n't use the `` do - do - do - do '' and his SSH ( acronym of Super-Sensitive Hearing ) work automatically ) and , as shown in episodes , a super-sensitive sense of smell . Mrs. Foil -- The only other regularly appearing human character , Mrs. Foil is the boys ' friendly neighbor . She is blonde and wears a bright pink or orange or yellow or even purple ladies ' business suit , ladybug pin , pink or orange or yellow or even purple stockings , and pink or orange or yellow or even purple shoes . She can play the tuba and often offers comedic quips such as `` See you later , alligators , '' or `` Got to go , penguin toes , '' or even `` Haha ! '' . Mrs. Foil is portrayed by actress Amanda Bishop ( who also appears in various other segments , not necessarily as Mrs. Foil , but as a generic lady ) . Puppet -- Puppet is a mottled , greyish and brown hand puppet resembling no particular type of creature . He lives with the brothers and often assists them in their antics . He sometimes appears to be more rational than Shane and David but is often just as silly as the boys . He has a cousin named Mary Annette . Puppet is performed and voiced by puppeteer Mat McCoy . Puppet was built by Puppet Heap . The Schmuzzies -- The Schmuzzies are a friendly bunch of fuzzy , ball - shaped creatures who pop up in various places . They come in a wide range of bright colors and speak a language called Schmuzzish ( `` Schmello , Schmuzzies ! '' ) . Shane sometimes appears to be apprehensive of the creatures , while David maintains a good rapport with them and is fluent in their language ( which he studied for seven years , `` part - time '' ) . The Schmuzzies were built by Puppet Heap . Fido the Fly -- Fido is Shane 's ( imaginary ) pet fly who lives behind a tiny door in the boys ' apartment . Fido communicates to Shane by buzzing ( voiced by Shane ) . He is first mentioned in `` Barbershop '' and makes his first appearance in `` Art Museum '' . He is an avid tennis player . Shane and David were doing the silly dance called The Fly Dity . And at first . David and Puppet were surprised with their mouths open . The Voice -- An authoritative male voice sometimes speaks to Shane and David , generally reminding the duo to knock before entering a room ( i.e. `` You forgot to knock , '' or , `` Are n't you forgetting something ? '' , followed by `` Come in '' when they do so ) . The Voice sometimes demands specific types of knocks before giving they boys consent to enter a room . The voice narrates the children in every instant replay mode , he saying `` Total ... '' or in Birthday Party as `` Concert ... '' . Another voice narrates when the boys finally reach their intended destination `` for the very first time '' .\",\n \"Shane -- Shane Dundas plays `` Shane , '' who is bald and wears long cargo pants , hi - top sneakers , and a blue T - shirt featuring the symbol for `` slow motion '' as found on most electronic devices .\",\n \"David -- David Collins plays `` David , '' who has dark , curly hair and wears either cargo shorts or capris , sneakers , and a striped polo shirt . He has super-sensitive hearing ( only functional when he makes a `` do - do - do - do '' sound effect at the same time but in the scene of the episode ' Marching Band , ' he does n't use the `` do - do - do - do '' and his SSH ( acronym of Super-Sensitive Hearing ) work automatically ) and , as shown in episodes , a super-sensitive sense of smell .\",\n \"Mrs. Foil -- The only other regularly appearing human character , Mrs. Foil is the boys ' friendly neighbor . She is blonde and wears a bright pink or orange or yellow or even purple ladies ' business suit , ladybug pin , pink or orange or yellow or even purple stockings , and pink or orange or yellow or even purple shoes . She can play the tuba and often offers comedic quips such as `` See you later , alligators , '' or `` Got to go , penguin toes , '' or even `` Haha ! '' . Mrs. Foil is portrayed by actress Amanda Bishop ( who also appears in various other segments , not necessarily as Mrs. Foil , but as a generic lady ) .\",\n \"Puppet -- Puppet is a mottled , greyish and brown hand puppet resembling no particular type of creature . He lives with the brothers and often assists them in their antics . He sometimes appears to be more rational than Shane and David but is often just as silly as the boys . He has a cousin named Mary Annette . Puppet is performed and voiced by puppeteer Mat McCoy . Puppet was built by Puppet Heap .\",\n \"The Schmuzzies -- The Schmuzzies are a friendly bunch of fuzzy , ball - shaped creatures who pop up in various places . They come in a wide range of bright colors and speak a language called Schmuzzish ( `` Schmello , Schmuzzies ! '' ) . Shane sometimes appears to be apprehensive of the creatures , while David maintains a good rapport with them and is fluent in their language ( which he studied for seven years , `` part - time '' ) . The Schmuzzies were built by Puppet Heap .\",\n \"Fido the Fly -- Fido is Shane 's ( imaginary ) pet fly who lives behind a tiny door in the boys ' apartment . Fido communicates to Shane by buzzing ( voiced by Shane ) . He is first mentioned in `` Barbershop '' and makes his first appearance in `` Art Museum '' . He is an avid tennis player . Shane and David were doing the silly dance called The Fly Dity . And at first . David and Puppet were surprised with their mouths open .\",\n \"The Voice -- An authoritative male voice sometimes speaks to Shane and David , generally reminding the duo to knock before entering a room ( i.e. `` You forgot to knock , '' or , `` Are n't you forgetting something ? '' , followed by `` Come in '' when they do so ) . The Voice sometimes demands specific types of knocks before giving they boys consent to enter a room . The voice narrates the children in every instant replay mode , he saying `` Total ... '' or in Birthday Party as `` Concert ... '' . Another voice narrates when the boys finally reach their intended destination `` for the very first time '' .\",\n \"Action Fingers -- Occasionally Shane and David have need to call upon the resources of two rough - and - tumble figures , Knuckles ( on Shane 's left hand ) and Pointy ( on David 's right hand ) . These two - digit adventurers are performed by Shane and David when they `` let their fingers do the walking '' over various props and scenery . They serve as the show 's superheroes . Bob the Blanket - Bob is a small , white `` blanket '' ( more the size of a hand towel ) belonging to David ( who also performs his voice ) . He speaks in a rough voice with an American accent and employs a sardonic wit . Bob only appears in `` Barbershop '' and very briefly in `` Camping . '' Spot the Chair -- Spot is David 's pet chair who plays a game called , `` Fly on the Chair '' with Fido , who he is good friends with . He only appears in `` Pet Shop '' and very briefly in `` Picnic . ''\",\n \"Action Fingers -- Occasionally Shane and David have need to call upon the resources of two rough - and - tumble figures , Knuckles ( on Shane 's left hand ) and Pointy ( on David 's right hand ) . These two - digit adventurers are performed by Shane and David when they `` let their fingers do the walking '' over various props and scenery . They serve as the show 's superheroes .\",\n \"Bob the Blanket - Bob is a small , white `` blanket '' ( more the size of a hand towel ) belonging to David ( who also performs his voice ) . He speaks in a rough voice with an American accent and employs a sardonic wit . Bob only appears in `` Barbershop '' and very briefly in `` Camping . ''\",\n \"Spot the Chair -- Spot is David 's pet chair who plays a game called , `` Fly on the Chair '' with Fido , who he is good friends with . He only appears in `` Pet Shop '' and very briefly in `` Picnic . ''\",\n \"Opening activity : A cold open starring Shane and David Puppet : A recurring segment at the beginning of the series . Starting with Episode 1 . Wrong Turns : Shane and David tried to go to the title location of the episode but they went to mistakes . In at least one of the rooms , they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path . Schmuzzies : A recurring segment . Shane and David visit the Schmuzzies . It only appeared in Episodes 1 , 2 , 8 , 10 , 12 and 13 . Fido the Fly : A recurring segment after Shane and David go through a Wrong turn to go see Fido . It first appeared in Episode 3 and appeared in Episode 4 ( after the Moon scene ) , Episode 8 ( after the Desert Room ) , Episode 10 ( after the No - Fun Room ) and Episode 13 ( after Outer Space ) . Mrs. Foil : A recurring segment starring Mrs. Foil . The Mrs. Foil segment is first mentioned in Episode 2 and first appeared in Episode 3 . It is absent in Episode 1 , Episode 5 , Episode 6 , Episode 9 and Episode 13 . Finale : The brothers locate their destination and experience something , such as a picnic , farm , or an airport , `` for the very first time '' . Souvenir : A post-credits segment . Action Fingers : This segment only appears in Episodes 1 ( Laundry Room ) , 3 ( Museum of Finger Painting ) , 5 ( Looking for a place for the Boys to sleep in ) , 7 ( Paper Airplane Room ) and 13 ( looking for the oranges ) . Instant Replay : The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again . During the slow motion replay , Shane and David play the role of commentators , narrating the action and assessing the child 's technique .\",\n \"Opening activity : A cold open starring Shane and David\",\n \"Puppet : A recurring segment at the beginning of the series . Starting with Episode 1 .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Shane and David tried to go to the title location of the episode but they went to mistakes . In at least one of the rooms , they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : A recurring segment . Shane and David visit the Schmuzzies . It only appeared in Episodes 1 , 2 , 8 , 10 , 12 and 13 .\",\n \"Fido the Fly : A recurring segment after Shane and David go through a Wrong turn to go see Fido . It first appeared in Episode 3 and appeared in Episode 4 ( after the Moon scene ) , Episode 8 ( after the Desert Room ) , Episode 10 ( after the No - Fun Room ) and Episode 13 ( after Outer Space ) .\",\n \"Mrs. Foil : A recurring segment starring Mrs. Foil . The Mrs. Foil segment is first mentioned in Episode 2 and first appeared in Episode 3 . It is absent in Episode 1 , Episode 5 , Episode 6 , Episode 9 and Episode 13 .\",\n \"Finale : The brothers locate their destination and experience something , such as a picnic , farm , or an airport , `` for the very first time '' .\",\n \"Souvenir : A post-credits segment .\",\n \"Action Fingers : This segment only appears in Episodes 1 ( Laundry Room ) , 3 ( Museum of Finger Painting ) , 5 ( Looking for a place for the Boys to sleep in ) , 7 ( Paper Airplane Room ) and 13 ( looking for the oranges ) .\",\n \"Instant Replay : The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again . During the slow motion replay , Shane and David play the role of commentators , narrating the action and assessing the child 's technique .\",\n \"Before Title Sequence :\",\n \"Each episode begins with a cold opening showing one or both brothers in the middle of some activity , typically involving something imaginary . After greeting the audience , David introduces `` The Remote '' by pretending to be holding a remote control . He explains that The Remote can control the action on - screen . He demonstrates by pressing various buttons , which control Shane 's actions . For example , `` Fast Forward '' causes Shane to move and speak fast , `` Pause '' causes him to freeze , `` Rewind '' , which causes anyone to move and speak backwards , `` Mute '' , which causes Shane to speak without any sound . In many episodes , David discovers a previously unknown `` Wild - card Button , '' such as `` Humongous '' ( and its opposite , the `` Minute '' button ) . This button causes some strange and / or undesired effect . He presses unknown buttons on the remote after saying `` Hmm '' or `` Ooh , I wonder what this button does . '' David then offers The Remote to the viewer and `` hands it over '' by reaching off - screen downward . The brothers direct the viewer to `` press the Play button . '' At this point , a strange and / or undesired effect happens ( `` Uh - oh , I think someone pressed the _____ button '' ) . The brothers encourage the viewer to fix the situation by pressing a button for opposite effect . When they ask the viewer to `` press play '' a second time , Shane says `` But whatever you do , do n't press the - '' but he is almost finished when the joke is repeated , and the viewer must again press the button for the opposite effect . Finally , Shane and David ask the viewer to `` Just press Play '' a third time , and the opening credits begin .\",\n \"Title Sequence :\",\n \"The Action Fingers enter the frame and perch on the title , which is flipped upside down . Pointy reads the title as `` Down Upside '' due to its position . Realizing the mistake , they help turn the words `` Upside Down '' the right way up , and read the title correctly . They then walk along atop the credits until they reach a door . The credits list the stars as David Collins and Shane Dundas , and state that the show was created by Belinda Ward , Shane Dundas , and David Collins .\",\n \"Plot Structure :\",\n \"The central objective of every episode is for Shane and David to get to a certain location . However , they do not know how to get there . They spend the episode adventuring through the various red doors in their apartment , as well as searching other places ( e.g. , under a table , behind a bookcase , inside and behind their sofa and closet ) . The brothers occasionally request help from the viewers , asking them to press buttons on their remote . Their journey takes them to 3 `` Wrong Turn '' rooms . In at least one of the rooms , they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path . Eventually they locate their destination and experience something , such as a picnic , farm , or an airport , `` for the very first time '' .\",\n \"The show ends with the brothers back in their apartment . During the last few minutes of the show , they give the viewer an imaginary souvenir to thank them for their help throughout the episode . Then , they say goodbye . As the credits begin , Shane and David begin to do things ( e.g. in Farm , they play as a rockband with David yelling out as ( Executive Producer Kurt Russel ) begins , `` One , two , three , four ! '' and in Picnic , Shane and David are fighting over the string until at the point ( Executive In Charge of Sesame Workshop Jodi Nussbaum ) credit appears , Shane and David wave left and right their bodies until at the end of the credits , and in Art Museum , Puppet accidentally surprises Shane and David , until at the point where the ( Executive In Charge of Sesame Workshop Jodi Nubbasum ) credit appears , Shane and David laugh until they pause , and Puppet now freely says , `` Whoops , I think somebody just pressed the Pause button . '' Then the episode ends with the Sesame Workshop logo . )\",\n \"There are a few running gags in the show . The main one is the `` Upside - Down '' button . When this button is pressed ( and it is in every episode but one ) , the viewpoint shifts , with a silly sound effect , to an upside - down shot of whomever is in the scene . The actors ' and puppets ' hands are held up in the air to make it look as if they are hanging upside down . One of the boys begs the viewer to press the `` Right Side Up '' button , at which point the viewpoint rights itself . Another sequence seen in each episode is the use of the `` Instant Replay '' button . The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again . During the slow motion replay , Shane and David play the role of commentators , narrating the action and assessing the child 's technique . A more subtle running gag is the fake pineapple that appears in at least three episodes . Another is the `` Mute button '' . Once this button is pressed , Shane speaks without a sound until David presses `` Unmute '' , which reverses the effects of the `` Mute button '' and is only seen in the episode `` Airport '' . Next is the `` Rotate '' button in the episode `` Pet Shop '' . When David or the viewers press this special button , the viewpoint shifts 360 degress . The next button is the `` Horizontal button '' , in which whomever is at the scene is put in the sideways position and one of the boys ask the viewer to press the `` Vertical button '' , which puts the actors in the upright position and is only seen in the episode `` Camping '' . This next one is the `` Up button '' , which makes the actors go up and they beg for the viewers to press the `` Down button '' to put them down and is only seen in the episode `` Barbershop '' . Next is the `` Stumble button '' from the 1st episode `` Movie Theater '' . If David or the viewers press this ridiculus button , they look like they stumbled and tripped . Up next is the `` Inside button '' . If the viewers press this hilarious button , the boys will disappear and then reappear inside a cup and Puppet and the boy 's picnic supplies inside the basket . At that moment , the boys beg for the viewers to press the `` Outside button '' for the boys to get out of the cup and their picnic basket . Next up , the `` Sandwich button '' . In the episode `` Picnic '' , when Shane and David are in the `` Sandwich Room '' , Shane asks the viewers to press the `` Sandwich Button '' and once that happens , sandwiches appear . Also , fly - sized sandwiches for Fido because they were having their first picnic and Fido is sad because he has n't been on a picnic before .\",\n \"Episode # Title Original Air - Date Production Code 1 `` Mini Golf '' 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 ) 823 Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution . Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? '' Opening activity : Yoga . Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator . Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again . Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity . Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room . Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . '' Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini . While in the Basketball Room , David , thinking the orange thing is a basketball , gets frustrated that it is not dribbling properly . He yells at the orange thing , `` This is your home ! It 's your home ! What 's wrong ? ! You too good for your home ? ! '' , a direct allusion to the Adam Sandler film , Happy Gilmore , in which the title character yells almost exactly the same speech , also at a golf ball . 2 `` Farm '' 10 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 10 ) 821 Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears . Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room Opening activity : Climbing . Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room ) Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great ) Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' . Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band . Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow 3 `` Movie Theatre '' 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) 811 Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it . Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it . Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook . Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great ) Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie . Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action . Souvenir : Camera In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . '' When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' . 4 `` Barbershop '' 17 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 17 ) 812 Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop . Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign ) Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote . Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something ) Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own . Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room . Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her . Souvenir : Stickers There is a girl featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as in the barbershop itself . Her name , as shown in the closing credits , is Jade Barbar . Fido did n't appear in this episode , but was mentioned by Shane . There is also no joking button . 5 `` Marching Band '' 9 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 09 ) 819 Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band . Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing . Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro ) Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down ) Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader . Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies . Instant Replay : To see the four children march . Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round ) The bird in the Sky Room sounds like John Lennon , making a reference to the song `` Imagine '' , saying , `` No ground below us , only skies , '' and the marching band room has the cameo appearance in the episode ' Camping ' where Shane 's bedroom is replaced . There is no souvenir . 6 `` Art Museum '' 18 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 18 ) 813 Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in . Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting Opening activity : Eating a banana . Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice . Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water ) Action Fingers : They fingerpaint . Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . '' Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine . Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode . Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . '' Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints . That is Fido the Fly 's first episode . 7 `` Pet Shop '' 19 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 19 ) 814 Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop . Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon Opening activity : Juggling . Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David . Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) . Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . '' Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Chair Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair . Spot with Fido on chair with David . There is also no vocabulary . 8 `` Camping '' 20 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 20 ) 815 Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet . Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room Opening activity : Stand or sit . Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons ) Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? '' Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon ) Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag . Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning . Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them . Souvenir : Sleeping bag Shane and David do not say , `` But whatever you do , do n't hit the ______ button . '' There is no joking button . 9 `` Picnic '' 6 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 06 ) 816 Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic . Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room Opening activity : Drinking tea . Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich . Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious ) Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only ) Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games . Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic . Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Kite In the Wind Room are the Elephant from the no - room room , Fish from the underwater room , Puppet , Spot the Chair , Mrs. Foil , and Umbrella . 10 `` Airport '' 7 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 07 ) 817 Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first . Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room Opening activity : Making a smoothie . Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) , Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? '' Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . '' Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room . Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage . Souvenir : Binoculars Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' This is the only episode that does n't include the Rewind / Fast Forward , Upside Down / Right Side Up buttons . There is no vocabulary . The Voice is absent . No doors , no windows and no drawers . 11 `` Beach '' 8 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 08 ) 818 Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it . Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole Opening activity : Horse - back riding . Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro ) Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket . Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away . Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it . Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! '' Souvenir : Beach balls 12 `` Ice Cream Truck '' 17 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 17 ) 822 Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream . Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show Opening activity : Weight lifting . Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone . Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar . Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream . Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . '' Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David . Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir . 13 `` Birthday Party '' 10 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 10 ) 820 Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them . Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair . Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise '' Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents . Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends . Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! '' Souvenir : Birthday present Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach '' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band '' . From this episode , the girl from the surprise room is present . David says `` Whatever you do , do n't press the _________ button . '' There is no vocabulary .\",\n \"Episode # Title Original Air - Date Production Code\",\n \"1 `` Mini Golf '' 2 February 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 02 ) 823\",\n \"Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution . Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? '' Opening activity : Yoga . Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator . Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again . Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity . Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room . Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . '' Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini . While in the Basketball Room , David , thinking the orange thing is a basketball , gets frustrated that it is not dribbling properly . He yells at the orange thing , `` This is your home ! It 's your home ! What 's wrong ? ! You too good for your home ? ! '' , a direct allusion to the Adam Sandler film , Happy Gilmore , in which the title character yells almost exactly the same speech , also at a golf ball .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution . Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? '' Opening activity : Yoga . Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator . Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again . Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity . Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room . Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . '' Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing ( a mini golf ball ) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is , and where it belongs . They think it 's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room , Basketball room\",\n \"Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Monkey Shoes ? ''\",\n \"Opening activity : Yoga .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Irish Dancing / Stop Irish Dancing , blast off , back to earth , slam - dunk , home\",\n \"Vocabulary : Baffled ( confused )\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket ; but , at first , they find keys and a calculator .\",\n \"Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again .\",\n \"Puppet : First , Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David 's imaginary rope and trips over it , and goes off to play with his squeegee instead . Later , Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue ( Alas , poor Yorick ) , wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing 's true identity .\",\n \"Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease '' and `` Schmank you . '' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years , `` part - time . ''\",\n \"Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini '' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini .\",\n \"While in the Basketball Room , David , thinking the orange thing is a basketball , gets frustrated that it is not dribbling properly . He yells at the orange thing , `` This is your home ! It 's your home ! What 's wrong ? ! You too good for your home ? ! '' , a direct allusion to the Adam Sandler film , Happy Gilmore , in which the title character yells almost exactly the same speech , also at a golf ball .\",\n \"2 `` Farm '' 10 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 10 ) 821\",\n \"Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears . Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room Opening activity : Climbing . Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room ) Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great ) Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' . Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band . Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow\",\n \"Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears . Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room Opening activity : Climbing . Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room ) Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great ) Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' . Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band . Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow\",\n \"Story : Shane and David 's band , the Talking Airheads , faces a setback when David 's cow bell ( which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle ) disappears .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Great big bell room , Pacific Ocean , bicycle room\",\n \"Opening activity : Climbing .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Seesaw / Steady ( The bell is ringing out Shane , David and Mrs. Foil ) , dryland , Echo ( Shane climbing mountain in intro , but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room )\",\n \"Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle .\",\n \"Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really great )\",\n \"Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band . When the cow bell disappears , he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle . He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home '' , `` Udder Chaos '' , and `` Heidi Heifer 's Hoedown Hootenanny '' .\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David 's band . They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone . He does not appear to be apprehensive of them .\",\n \"Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow\",\n \"3 `` Movie Theatre '' 16 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 16 ) 811\",\n \"Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it . Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it . Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook . Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great ) Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie . Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action . Souvenir : Camera In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . '' When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it . Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it . Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook . Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again . Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great ) Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie . Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action . Souvenir : Camera In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . '' When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David make a film ( directed by Puppet ) , then search for the movie theater to watch it .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Laundry room , dance studio , and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it .\",\n \"Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble , Fast Folding\",\n \"Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David ( In this mode ( in slow motion ) , David ( Pointy ) did n't say `` I 'm gon na crash '' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again .\",\n \"Vocabulary : Stupendous ( really really really great )\",\n \"Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie , shouting `` Action '' and `` Cut . '' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space , as pirates , and as cowboys .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys , and appear at the end watching Shane and David 's movie .\",\n \"Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara , a sock caught in a lint trap , and return her to her socky partner , Lefty ( Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David 's movie ) . They also refold a Mrs. Foil 's laundry after crashing into it . This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane 's hands . In most other Action Fingers segments , David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off , often not standing anywhere near the action .\",\n \"Souvenir : Camera\",\n \"In this episode , Shane did not say `` Whatever you do do n't press the _____ button . ''\",\n \"When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio , they hide a real reversed message , `` Press rewind '' .\",\n \"4 `` Barbershop '' 17 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 17 ) 812\",\n \"Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop . Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign ) Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote . Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something ) Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own . Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room . Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her . Souvenir : Stickers There is a girl featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as in the barbershop itself . Her name , as shown in the closing credits , is Jade Barbar . Fido did n't appear in this episode , but was mentioned by Shane . There is also no joking button .\",\n \"Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop . Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign ) Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote . Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something ) Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own . Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room . Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her . Souvenir : Stickers\",\n \"Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy '' room , Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut . David and his blanket , Bob , help Shane get to the barbershop .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room , hairbrush room , concert room ( aka , the international not the barbershop sign )\",\n \"Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Up / Down , Tongue in / Tongue out , Dancing / Stop dancing ( These are the opening buttons ) , Ditty , blow dry\",\n \"Vocabulary : Apprehensive ( nervous ) , Ditty ( very short simple song ) , stalling ( attempting to avoid something )\",\n \"Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song . Later , Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they 've seen Shane , which they have n't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert . They move into Shane 's long , bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room .\",\n \"Instant Replay : Replaying the episode 's child co-star , Jade Barbar , brushing her hair\",\n \"Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her .\",\n \"Souvenir : Stickers\",\n \"There is a girl featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as in the barbershop itself . Her name , as shown in the closing credits , is Jade Barbar . Fido did n't appear in this episode , but was mentioned by Shane . There is also no joking button .\",\n \"5 `` Marching Band '' 9 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 09 ) 819\",\n \"Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band . Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing . Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro ) Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down ) Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader . Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies . Instant Replay : To see the four children march . Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round ) The bird in the Sky Room sounds like John Lennon , making a reference to the song `` Imagine '' , saying , `` No ground below us , only skies , '' and the marching band room has the cameo appearance in the episode ' Camping ' where Shane 's bedroom is replaced . There is no souvenir .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band . Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing . Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro ) Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down ) Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader . Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies . Instant Replay : To see the four children march . Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round )\",\n \"Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Funny music room , marching room , sky room\",\n \"Opening activity : Relaxing , then Dancing .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Accelerate / Decelerate , Do - si - do , sky dancing , Disco , and Can - can ( seen from the intro )\",\n \"Vocabulary : Accelerate ( speed up ) / Decelerate ( slow down )\",\n \"Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader . He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies , but they get distracted by a dust ball , frustrating Puppet . Then he decides to be a baton . He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him , due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling . The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick '' button to get him down . Later , David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet . Puppet offers to demonstrate , and makes a horrible noise , causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button ! '' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader .\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies .\",\n \"Instant Replay : To see the four children march .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet , who initially wants to be bandleader , but get distracted by a dust ball ( Schmuzzies love dust ) . They are later seen in Mrs. Foil 's tuba . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them .\",\n \"Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ) , harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo ( the cymbal and tech of Banjo ) and Scruba ( an air guitar a round )\",\n \"The bird in the Sky Room sounds like John Lennon , making a reference to the song `` Imagine '' , saying , `` No ground below us , only skies , '' and the marching band room has the cameo appearance in the episode ' Camping ' where Shane 's bedroom is replaced . There is no souvenir .\",\n \"6 `` Art Museum '' 18 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 18 ) 813\",\n \"Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in . Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting Opening activity : Eating a banana . Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice . Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water ) Action Fingers : They fingerpaint . Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . '' Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine . Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode . Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . '' Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints . That is Fido the Fly 's first episode .\",\n \"Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in . Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting Opening activity : Eating a banana . Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice . Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water ) Action Fingers : They fingerpaint . Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . '' Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine . Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode . Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . '' Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints .\",\n \"Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece , Shane , along with David , searches for the art museum to hang it in .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Sticky room , fog room , museum of finger painting\",\n \"Opening activity : Eating a banana .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Humongous / Minute , Jiggle , Wiggle , smaller , bigger ( These buttons are on before title sequence ) , unstick , fog light , high voice .\",\n \"Vocabulary : Humongous ( really , really big ) / minute ( really , really small ) ( seen in the intro ) , moat ( a big hole that 's filled with water )\",\n \"Action Fingers : They fingerpaint .\",\n \"Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple . ''\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane 's hand , compliments his painting , then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting . Other pets mentioned : Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum . When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture , he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum , though it never appears in the episode .\",\n \"Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door , they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying , `` Ta - da ! '' He is practicing making grand entrances . At the end , after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box , Puppet pops out of the box and says , `` Ta - da ! '' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese - Kumquat - Lavender paint to dye his hair . Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake .\",\n \"Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later , Alligators . ''\",\n \"Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue , Ruby Red , Lime , Turquoise and Lavender paints .\",\n \"That is Fido the Fly 's first episode .\",\n \"7 `` Pet Shop '' 19 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 19 ) 814\",\n \"Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop . Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon Opening activity : Juggling . Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David . Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) . Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . '' Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Chair Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair . Spot with Fido on chair with David . There is also no vocabulary .\",\n \"Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop . Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon Opening activity : Juggling . Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David . Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) . Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . '' Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Chair Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair .\",\n \"Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane , David decides he needs a pet . They look for the pet shop .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Puppy room , parrot room , Dark side of the Moon\",\n \"Opening activity : Juggling .\",\n \"Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David 's pet , imitating a dog , a cat , and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend . Later , Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get . Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Rotate , Ditty , really excited\",\n \"Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate ( roll over ) .\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping - pong tennis at the beginning of the episode . Later , Fido spends a short moment with Shane , demonstrating tricks . After returning from the moon , he plays loud music while playing the trumpet , the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is , which he does n't . At the end , he plays `` Fly on a Chair '' with Spot , David 's new pet chair .\",\n \"Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat , she says , `` His name is Elizabeth , '' instead of , `` Her name is Elizabeth . ''\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed . They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get . They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens . Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them .\",\n \"Souvenir : Chair\",\n \"Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair .\",\n \"Spot with Fido on chair with David . There is also no vocabulary .\",\n \"8 `` Camping '' 20 October 2006 ( 2006 - 10 - 20 ) 815\",\n \"Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet . Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room Opening activity : Stand or sit . Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons ) Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? '' Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon ) Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag . Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning . Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them . Souvenir : Sleeping bag Shane and David do not say , `` But whatever you do , do n't hit the ______ button . '' There is no joking button .\",\n \"Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet . Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room Opening activity : Stand or sit . Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons ) Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? '' Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon ) Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag . Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning . Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up . Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them . Souvenir : Sleeping bag\",\n \"Story : After their bedrooms disappear , the boys search for another place to sleep . Whenever the boys think they 've found a resting place , it ends up being contrary to their expectations . For example , even though the `` Wake up ! '' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping , the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up ; a rooster begins crowing , various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds , and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Snoring room , `` Wake up ! '' room , Shape room\",\n \"Opening activity : Stand or sit .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Horizontal / Vertical , yawn , get out of here , Wake up ! , sneeze , horizontal dance ( The opening before title sequence on these buttons )\",\n \"Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon .\",\n \"Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) answered , `` Albanian Chicken Juice ? ''\",\n \"Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ) , Vertical ( upright ) , Hexagon ( 6 - sided polygon )\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Fido is seen / mentioned three times . First , David opens the door to Fido 's room and the door slams . Second , Fido 's watch alarm is on . Third , Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag .\",\n \"Puppet : Twice , Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning .\",\n \"Action Fingers : First , getting behind the door , Action Fingers walk up stairs , open the door , and fall asleep . Second , Action fingers are jumping off stairs , wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third , walking on a shoulder and cheek , waking Shane and David up .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back - up during Puppet 's lullaby . Shane is n't nervous around them .\",\n \"Souvenir : Sleeping bag\",\n \"Shane and David do not say , `` But whatever you do , do n't hit the ______ button . '' There is no joking button .\",\n \"9 `` Picnic '' 6 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 06 ) 816\",\n \"Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic . Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room Opening activity : Drinking tea . Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich . Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious ) Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only ) Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games . Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic . Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Kite In the Wind Room are the Elephant from the no - room room , Fish from the underwater room , Puppet , Spot the Chair , Mrs. Foil , and Umbrella .\",\n \"Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic . Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room Opening activity : Drinking tea . Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich . Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious ) Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only ) Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games . Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic . Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them . Souvenir : Kite\",\n \"Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic , David and Shane help him find the food , items , and place for the picnic .\",\n \"Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room\",\n \"Wrong Turns : no - room room , wind room\",\n \"Opening activity : Drinking tea .\",\n \"Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich .\",\n \"Vocabulary : Scrumptious ( yummy , delicious )\",\n \"Main Buttons : Inside / Outside , Sandwich , Ditty , Hands up / Hands down , Down the Hatch ( Shane drinks tea cup in opening only )\",\n \"Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic , while disguising his voice . He then joins the boys . Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games .\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he 's the only fly who 's never been on a picnic , he 's the main character in the episode . He comes along to the No - Room Room and the Wind Room . Fido 's fly buddies come for the picnic . He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet , singing `` Happy Fly Ditty . '' Shane does n't appear to be apprehensive of them .\",\n \"Souvenir : Kite\",\n \"In the Wind Room are the Elephant from the no - room room , Fish from the underwater room , Puppet , Spot the Chair , Mrs. Foil , and Umbrella .\",\n \"10 `` Airport '' 7 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 07 ) 817\",\n \"Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first . Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room Opening activity : Making a smoothie . Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) , Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? '' Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . '' Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room . Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage . Souvenir : Binoculars Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' This is the only episode that does n't include the Rewind / Fast Forward , Upside Down / Right Side Up buttons . There is no vocabulary . The Voice is absent . No doors , no windows and no drawers .\",\n \"Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first . Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room Opening activity : Making a smoothie . Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) , Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again . Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? '' Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . '' Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room . Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . '' Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage . Souvenir : Binoculars Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . ''\",\n \"Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin , Mary Annette ( a pun on marionette ) 's arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up , at the airport , but have to find it first .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Bird room , paper airplane room , word room\",\n \"Opening activity : Making a smoothie .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Vibration / Stop the Vibration , Mute / Unmute ( intro version ) , think hard , Helicopter ( Shane in the bird room ) , fast - folding , parachute ( the button used in the Paper Airplane room ) , landing , jump out of the book ( Shane uses in the Word room ) , climb the wall , head home ( see on the end ) ,\",\n \"Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane '' again .\",\n \"Shane 's Funny Expression : When David said , `` Are you thinking what I 'm thinking ? '' he ( Shane ) said , `` Yeah , are you thinking what we 're thinking , dancing tonight , you , me , Dave , and ten thousand monkeys ? ''\",\n \"Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets , donkeys , and tigers . ''\",\n \"Action Fingers : Two instances . First , Action Fingers crash - land on a paper airplane , search for Mary Annette inside , then refold it for its owner , Mrs. Foil . Second , they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room .\",\n \"Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . ''\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away . ( Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania . ) Later , they attempt to sing backup for Puppet , but start out being too far in front , and then too far in the back of the puppet stage .\",\n \"Souvenir : Binoculars\",\n \"Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil , Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song . ''\",\n \"This is the only episode that does n't include the Rewind / Fast Forward , Upside Down / Right Side Up buttons . There is no vocabulary . The Voice is absent . No doors , no windows and no drawers .\",\n \"11 `` Beach '' 8 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 08 ) 818\",\n \"Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it . Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole Opening activity : Horse - back riding . Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro ) Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket . Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away . Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it . Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! '' Souvenir : Beach balls\",\n \"Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it . Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole Opening activity : Horse - back riding . Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro ) Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket . Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused ) Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away . Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it . Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! '' Souvenir : Beach balls\",\n \"Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with , Shane and David search for the beach to find it .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Underwater room , desert room , South Pole\",\n \"Opening activity : Horse - back riding .\",\n \"Main Buttons : Upside Down / Right Side Up , Follow the Leader , Ice Skating ( Shane and David in the Antarctica ) , Go home ( seen from the end ) , Bucking broncos , Photo Finish , Get off your high horse ( seen from the intro )\",\n \"Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket .\",\n \"Vocabulary : Perplexed ( confused )\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they do n't turn in time to see it . Fido then flies away .\",\n \"Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil 's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it .\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time . They yell , `` Schmeach schmall ! '' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding , so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish - English Dictionary .\",\n \"Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me , have you check the teacup ? Fiddle - dee - dee ! ''\",\n \"Souvenir : Beach balls\",\n \"12 `` Ice Cream Truck '' 17 January 2007 ( 2007 - 01 - 17 ) 822\",\n \"Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream . Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show Opening activity : Weight lifting . Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone . Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar . Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream . Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . '' Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David . Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream . Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show Opening activity : Weight lifting . Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone . Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar . Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream . Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . '' Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David . Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious , delectable , and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : Frozen room , `` this way '' room , ice cream game show\",\n \"Opening activity : Weight lifting .\",\n \"Main Button : Heavy / Light , Frozen / Unfrozen , Zoom in / Zoom out ( seen in intro only ) Whoo ! , Run along home , Cheerleading\",\n \"Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone .\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned : Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar .\",\n \"Instant Replay : To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream .\",\n \"Skater Lady ( Mrs. Foil ) Funny Expression : `` Gotta go , penguin 's toes . ''\",\n \"Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out , but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones , as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already . Shane seems a little nervous around them , and attempts to engage them in conversation . He misinterprets what they say , and must be assisted by David .\",\n \"Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms , as well as the ice cream truck itself . There is no vocabulary , joking button and souvenir .\",\n \"13 `` Birthday Party '' 10 November 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 10 ) 820\",\n \"Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them . Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair . Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise '' Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents . Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends . Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! '' Souvenir : Birthday present Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach '' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band '' . From this episode , the girl from the surprise room is present . David says `` Whatever you do , do n't press the _________ button . '' There is no vocabulary .\",\n \"Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them . Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair . Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise '' Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents . Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends . Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! '' Souvenir : Birthday present\",\n \"Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them .\",\n \"Wrong Turns : No fun room , surprise room , opera room\",\n \"Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair .\",\n \"Main Button : Celebration / Stop - the - Celebration\",\n \"Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise '' again pointing to the `` sur '' , `` prise '' and `` surprise ''\",\n \"Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty , '' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil 's purse carrying presents .\",\n \"Puppet : First , Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party . A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and , in a gruff voice , says , `` Delivery for Shane and David and you . '' Later , Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends .\",\n \"Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline .\",\n \"Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip ! ''\",\n \"Souvenir : Birthday present\",\n \"Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach '' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band '' . From this episode , the girl from the surprise room is present . David says `` Whatever you do , do n't press the _________ button . '' There is no vocabulary .\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"The Upside Down show - Wikipedia The Upside Down show This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 42.114.37.129 ( talk ) at 15:10, 27 August 2017 . The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version. Revision as of 15:10, 27 August 2017 by 42.114.37.129 ( talk ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Latest revision (diff) Newer revision → (diff) Jump to: navigation , search ( hide ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may be written from a fan's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality, and to make it neutral in tone. (May 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The Upside Down Show Genre Comedy Created by David Collins, Shane Dundas , Belinda Ward Written by Billy Aronson , Judy Freudberg , Tony Geiss , Joey Mazzarino , Luis Santeiro, P. Kevin Strader, Belinda Ward, John Weidman Directed by Peter Cudlipp, Julie Money Starring David Collins, Shane Dundas , Amanda Bishop Voices of Mat McCoy , Adam Smillie Narrated by Adam Smillie Opening theme Down Upside Theme Ending theme Down Upside Good Bye Composer(s) David Chapman Country of origin Australia United States Original language(s) English No. of seasons 1 No. of episodes 13 Production Executive producer(s) Michael Bourchier, Kurt Mueller Producer(s) Wendy Gray Location(s) Sydney, New South Wales , Australia Cinematography Ian Jones Editor(s) Simon Martin Camera setup both Single-camera and Multi-camera Running time 24 minutes Production company(s) Blink Films Sesame Workshop Noggin LLC Distributor Viacom Media Networks Sesame Workshop Release Original network Noggin Seven Network (Episodes 1-6) Nine Network (Episodes 7-10) Network Ten (Episodes 11-13) Original release 16 October 2006 ( 2006-10-16 ) -- 2 February 2007 ( 2007-02-02 ) The Upside Down Show is an Australian children's TV show originally airing on Noggin , Nick Jr. Australia , ABC (episode 3), Seven Network (episode 4, 6-9), Nine Network (episode 5, 10-11, and 13) and Network Ten (episode 1-2 and 12). The series was the recipient of a 2007 Logie Award . On the show, Shane Dundas and David Collins ( The Umbilical Brothers - Maisy ) play brothers who live together in a strange house with a variety of unusual rooms. The show premiered on Nick Jr. Australia in 2006 and on Noggin in 2006. In 2006, in a New York Post interview, Shane Dundas expressed doubts about the return of the show for a second season. In 2007, the Umbilical Brothers announced on their website that Viacom was not interested in a second season of The Upside Down Show , despite its success. In 2007, the show won the Creative Craft Daytime Emmy Award for Main Title Design and a Parents' Choice Award Silver Honor for Television. Contents ( hide ) 1 Characters 1.1 Main characters 1.2 Recurring characters 2 Segments 3 Episode structure 4 Running gags 5 Episode guide 6 References 7 External links Characters ( edit ) Main characters ( edit ) Shane -- Shane Dundas plays `` Shane,'' who is bald and wears long cargo pants, hi-top sneakers, and a blue T-shirt featuring the symbol for `` slow motion'' as found on most electronic devices. David -- David Collins plays `` David,'' who has dark, curly hair and wears either cargo shorts or capris, sneakers, and a striped polo shirt. He has super-sensitive hearing (only functional when he makes a `` do-do-do-do'' sound effect at the same time but in the scene of the episode ' Marching Band,' he doesn't use the `` do-do-do-do'' and his SSH (acronym of Super-Sensitive Hearing) work automatically ) and, as shown in episodes, a super-sensitive sense of smell. Mrs. Foil -- The only other regularly appearing human character, Mrs. Foil is the boys' friendly neighbor. She is blonde and wears a bright pink or orange or yellow or even purple ladies' business suit, ladybug pin, pink or orange or yellow or even purple stockings, and pink or orange or yellow or even purple shoes. She can play the tuba and often offers comedic quips such as `` See you later, alligators,'' or `` Got to go, penguin toes,'' or even `` Haha!'' . Mrs. Foil is portrayed by actress Amanda Bishop (who also appears in various other segments, not necessarily as Mrs. Foil, but as a generic lady). Puppet -- Puppet is a mottled, greyish and brown hand puppet resembling no particular type of creature. He lives with the brothers and often assists them in their antics. He sometimes appears to be more rational than Shane and David but is often just as silly as the boys. He has a cousin named Mary Annette. Puppet is performed and voiced by puppeteer Mat McCoy . Puppet was built by Puppet Heap . The Schmuzzies -- The Schmuzzies are a friendly bunch of fuzzy, ball-shaped creatures who pop up in various places. They come in a wide range of bright colors and speak a language called Schmuzzish (`` Schmello, Schmuzzies!'' ). Shane sometimes appears to be apprehensive of the creatures, while David maintains a good rapport with them and is fluent in their language (which he studied for seven years, `` part-time'' ). The Schmuzzies were built by Puppet Heap . Fido the Fly -- Fido is Shane's (imaginary) pet fly who lives behind a tiny door in the boys' apartment. Fido communicates to Shane by buzzing (voiced by Shane). He is first mentioned in `` Barbershop'' and makes his first appearance in `` Art Museum'' . He is an avid tennis player. Shane and David were doing the silly dance called The Fly Dity. And at first. David and Puppet were surprised with their mouths open. The Voice -- An authoritative male voice sometimes speaks to Shane and David, generally reminding the duo to knock before entering a room (i.e. `` You forgot to knock,'' or, `` Aren't you forgetting something?'' , followed by `` Come in'' when they do so). The Voice sometimes demands specific types of knocks before giving they boys consent to enter a room. The voice narrates the children in every instant replay mode, he saying `` Total...'' or in Birthday Party as `` Concert ...'' . Another voice narrates when the boys finally reach their intended destination `` for the very first time'' . Recurring characters ( edit ) Action Fingers -- Occasionally Shane and David have need to call upon the resources of two rough-and-tumble figures, Knuckles (on Shane's left hand) and Pointy (on David's right hand). These two-digit adventurers are performed by Shane and David when they `` let their fingers do the walking'' over various props and scenery. They serve as the show's superheroes. Bob the Blanket - Bob is a small, white `` blanket'' (more the size of a hand towel) belonging to David (who also performs his voice). He speaks in a rough voice with an American accent and employs a sardonic wit. Bob only appears in `` Barbershop'' and very briefly in `` Camping.'' Spot the Chair -- Spot is David's pet chair who plays a game called, `` Fly on the Chair'' with Fido, who he is good friends with. He only appears in `` Pet Shop'' and very briefly in `` Picnic.'' Segments ( edit ) Opening activity : A cold open starring Shane and David Puppet : A recurring segment at the beginning of the series. Starting with Episode 1. Wrong Turns : Shane and David tried to go to the title location of the episode but they went to mistakes. In at least one of the rooms, they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path. Schmuzzies : A recurring segment. Shane and David visit the Schmuzzies. It only appeared in Episodes 1, 2, 8, 10, 12 and 13. Fido the Fly : A recurring segment after Shane and David go through a Wrong turn to go see Fido. It first appeared in Episode 3 and appeared in Episode 4 (after the Moon scene), Episode 8 (after the Desert Room), Episode 10 (after the No-Fun Room) and Episode 13 (after Outer Space). Mrs. Foil : A recurring segment starring Mrs. Foil. The Mrs. Foil segment is first mentioned in Episode 2 and first appeared in Episode 3. It is absent in Episode 1, Episode 5, Episode 6, Episode 9 and Episode 13. Finale : The brothers locate their destination and experience something, such as a picnic, farm, or an airport, `` for the very first time'' . Souvenir : A post-credits segment. Action Fingers : This segment only appears in Episodes 1 (Laundry Room), 3 (Museum of Finger Painting), 5 (Looking for a place for the Boys to sleep in), 7 (Paper Airplane Room) and 13 (looking for the oranges). Instant Replay : The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again. During the slow motion replay, Shane and David play the role of commentators, narrating the action and assessing the child's technique. Episode Structure ( edit ) Before Title Sequence : Each episode begins with a cold opening showing one or both brothers in the middle of some activity, typically involving something imaginary. After greeting the audience, David introduces `` The Remote'' by pretending to be holding a remote control. He explains that The Remote can control the action on-screen. He demonstrates by pressing various buttons, which control Shane's actions. For example, `` Fast Forward'' causes Shane to move and speak fast, `` Pause'' causes him to freeze, `` Rewind'' , which causes anyone to move and speak backwards, `` Mute'' , which causes Shane to speak without any sound. In many episodes, David discovers a previously unknown `` Wild-card Button,'' such as `` Humongous'' (and its opposite, the `` Minute'' button). This button causes some strange and/or undesired effect. He presses unknown buttons on the remote after saying `` Hmm'' or `` Ooh, I wonder what this button does.'' David then offers The Remote to the viewer and `` hands it over'' by reaching off-screen downward. The brothers direct the viewer to `` press the Play button.'' At this point, a strange and/or undesired effect happens (`` Uh-oh, I think someone pressed the _____ button'' ). The brothers encourage the viewer to fix the situation by pressing a button for opposite effect. When they ask the viewer to `` press play'' a second time, Shane says `` But whatever you do, don't press the -'' but he is almost finished when the joke is repeated, and the viewer must again press the button for the opposite effect. Finally, Shane and David ask the viewer to `` Just press Play'' a third time, and the opening credits begin. Title Sequence : The Action Fingers enter the frame and perch on the title, which is flipped upside down. Pointy reads the title as `` Down Upside'' due to its position. Realizing the mistake, they help turn the words `` Upside Down'' the right way up, and read the title correctly. They then walk along atop the credits until they reach a door. The credits list the stars as David Collins and Shane Dundas , and state that the show was created by Belinda Ward, Shane Dundas, and David Collins. Plot Structure : The central objective of every episode is for Shane and David to get to a certain location. However, they do not know how to get there. They spend the episode adventuring through the various red doors in their apartment, as well as searching other places (e.g., under a table, behind a bookcase, inside and behind their sofa and closet). The brothers occasionally request help from the viewers, asking them to press buttons on their remote. Their journey takes them to 3 `` Wrong Turn'' rooms. In at least one of the rooms, they encounter a child who teaches them something and sets them on the correct path. Eventually they locate their destination and experience something, such as a picnic, farm, or an airport, `` for the very first time'' . Ending : The show ends with the brothers back in their apartment. During the last few minutes of the show, they give the viewer an imaginary souvenir to thank them for their help throughout the episode. Then, they say goodbye. As the credits begin, Shane and David begin to do things (e.g. in Farm, they play as a rockband with David yelling out as (Executive Producer Kurt Russel) begins, `` One, two, three, four!'' and in Picnic, Shane and David are fighting over the string until at the point (Executive In Charge of Sesame Workshop Jodi Nussbaum) credit appears, Shane and David wave left and right their bodies until at the end of the credits, and in Art Museum, Puppet accidentally surprises Shane and David, until at the point where the (Executive In Charge of Sesame Workshop Jodi Nubbasum) credit appears, Shane and David laugh until they pause, and Puppet now freely says, `` Whoops, I think somebody just pressed the Pause button.'' Then the episode ends with the Sesame Workshop logo.) Running gags ( edit ) There are a few running gags in the show. The main one is the `` Upside-Down'' button. When this button is pressed (and it is in every episode but one), the viewpoint shifts, with a silly sound effect, to an upside-down shot of whomever is in the scene. The actors' and puppets' hands are held up in the air to make it look as if they are hanging upside down. One of the boys begs the viewer to press the `` Right Side Up'' button, at which point the viewpoint rights itself. Another sequence seen in each episode is the use of the `` Instant Replay'' button. The brothers ask the viewer to press this button to see a child do something again. During the slow motion replay, Shane and David play the role of commentators, narrating the action and assessing the child's technique. A more subtle running gag is the fake pineapple that appears in at least three episodes. Another is the `` Mute button'' . Once this button is pressed, Shane speaks without a sound until David presses `` Unmute'' , which reverses the effects of the `` Mute button'' and is only seen in the episode `` Airport'' . Next is the `` Rotate'' button in the episode `` Pet Shop'' . When David or the viewers press this special button, the viewpoint shifts 360 degress. The next button is the `` Horizontal button'' , in which whomever is at the scene is put in the sideways position and one of the boys ask the viewer to press the `` Vertical button'' , which puts the actors in the upright position and is only seen in the episode `` Camping'' . This next one is the `` Up button'' , which makes the actors go up and they beg for the viewers to press the `` Down button'' to put them down and is only seen in the episode `` Barbershop'' . Next is the `` Stumble button'' from the 1st episode `` Movie Theater'' . If David or the viewers press this ridiculus button, they look like they stumbled and tripped. Up next is the `` Inside button'' . If the viewers press this hilarious button, the boys will disappear and then reappear inside a cup and Puppet and the boy's picnic supplies inside the basket. At that moment, the boys beg for the viewers to press the `` Outside button'' for the boys to get out of the cup and their picnic basket. Next up, the `` Sandwich button'' . In the episode `` Picnic'' , when Shane and David are in the `` Sandwich Room'' , Shane asks the viewers to press the `` Sandwich Button'' and once that happens, sandwiches appear. Also, fly-sized sandwiches for Fido because they were having their first picnic and Fido is sad because he hasn't been on a picnic before. Episode guide ( edit ) Episode # Title Original Air-Date Production Code 1 `` Mini Golf'' 2 February 2007 ( 2007-02-02 ) 823 Story : Shane and David are baffled when a mysterious orange thing (a mini golf ball) appears in their living room . They use deductive reasoning to narrow down what it actually is, and where it belongs. They think it's a planet , an orange and a basketball before stumbling on to the real solution. Wrong Turns : Outer space , Orange room, Basketball room Shane's Funny Expression : When David said, `` Are you thinking what I'm thinking?'' he (Shane) answered, `` Albanian Monkey Shoes?'' Opening activity : Yoga . Main Buttons : Irish Dancing/Stop Irish Dancing, blast off, back to earth, slam-dunk, home Vocabulary : Baffled (confused) Fido the Fly : Puts the mini golf ball in his tennis shorts and David and Shane search his pocket; but, at first, they find keys and a calculator . Instant Replay : To see the girl shoot the basketball into the hoop again. Puppet : First, Puppet jump ropes with Shane and David's imaginary rope and trips over it, and goes off to play with his squeegee instead. Later, Puppet uses the orange thing to practice a Shakespearean monologue (Alas, poor Yorick), wearing a red king costume . Puppet is also the one who explains the orange thing's true identity. Action Fingers : They use their Action Noses to locate the Orange Room. Schmuzzies : Two of them play with the orange thing and Shane is unable to retrieve it until David coaches him to say `` Schmease'' and `` Schmank you.'' David then explains he studied Schmuzzish for seven years, `` part-time.'' Souvenir : Various items including the word `` mini'' including a Mini-mini which was much smaller than a mini. While in the Basketball Room, David, thinking the orange thing is a basketball, gets frustrated that it is not dribbling properly. He yells at the orange thing, `` This is your home! It's your home! What's wrong?! You too good for your home?!'' , a direct allusion to the Adam Sandler film, Happy Gilmore , in which the title character yells almost exactly the same speech, also at a golf ball. 2 `` Farm'' 10 January 2007 ( 2007-01-10 ) 821 Story : Shane and David's band, the Talking Airheads, faces a setback when David's cow bell (which just so happens to be attached to an imaginary cow named Clarabelle) disappears. Wrong Turns : Great big bell room, Pacific Ocean , bicycle room Opening activity : Climbing. Main Buttons : Seesaw/Steady (The bell is ringing out Shane, David and Mrs. Foil), dryland, Echo (Shane climbing mountain in intro, but Shane ask in the Great Big Bell Room) Instant Replay : To see the little boy ride the bicycle. Vocabulary : Stupendous (really great) Puppet : Is the bandleader and songwriter for the band. When the cow bell disappears, he tries to use music to attract Clarabelle. He plays `` Music to Play ' Til the Chickens Come Home'' , `` Udder Chaos'' , and `` Heidi Heifer's Hoedown Hootenanny'' . Fido the Fly : Playing a trumpet for the band. Schmuzzies : They play the marimba in Shane and David's band. They later play it while Shane and David are listening to a bell until Shane tells them to be quiet and be gone. He does not appear to be apprehensive of them. Souvenir : Drum sticks , cow bell , cow 3 `` Movie Theatre'' 16 October 2006 ( 2006-10-16 ) 811 Story : Shane and David make a film (directed by Puppet), then search for the movie theater to watch it. Wrong Turns : Laundry room, dance studio, and a room with one small chair which the brothers break in an attempt to share it. Opening activity : Polishing a snooglenook. Main Buttons : Light / Dark , Stumble, Fast Folding Instant Replay : To show the Mrs. Foil that the Action Fingers messed up her laundry instead of Shane and David (In this mode (in slow motion), David (Pointy) didn't say `` I'm gonna crash'' ) and to see the little girl do her dance routine again. Vocabulary : Stupendous (really really really great) Puppet : Puppet directs the brothers while filming their movie, shouting `` Action'' and `` Cut.'' His instructions include having them act as if they are in outer space, as pirates, and as cowboys. Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies play a rhyming game with the boys, and appear at the end watching Shane and David's movie. Action Fingers : In the laundry room they rescue Barbara, a sock caught in a lint trap, and return her to her socky partner, Lefty (Barbara and Lefty appeared at the end to see Shane and David's movie). They also refold a Mrs. Foil's laundry after crashing into it. This segment is unusual in that the Action Fingers are clearly shown to be David and Shane's hands. In most other Action Fingers segments, David and Shane simply watch the Action Fingers take off, often not standing anywhere near the action. Souvenir : Camera In this episode, Shane did not say `` Whatever you do don't press the _____ button.'' When the Brothers rewind out of the dance studio, they hide a real reversed message, `` Press rewind'' . 4 `` Barbershop'' 17 October 2006 ( 2006-10-17 ) 812 Story : After visiting the `` Very Hairy'' room, Shane is apprehensive about getting a haircut. David and his blanket, Bob, help Shane get to the barbershop . Wrong Turns : Very Very Hairy Room, hairbrush room, concert room (aka, the international not the barbershop sign) Opening activity : Experimenting with the remote. Main Buttons : Up/Down, Tongue in/Tongue out, Dancing/Stop dancing (These are the opening buttons), Ditty, blow dry Vocabulary : Apprehensive (nervous), Ditty (very short simple song), stalling (attempting to avoid something) Puppet : Puppet pretends to be scissors and sings the Figaro Song. Later, Puppet appears covered in stickers after getting a haircut of his own. Schmuzzies : David asks a group of Schmuzzies if they've seen Shane, which they haven't . They sing into fluffy backup hairbrushes at the concert. They move into Shane's long, bedraggled hair thinking it is the Very Very Hairy Room. Instant Replay : Replaying the episode's child co-star, Jade Barbar, brushing her hair Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : Shane mentions vacuuming her. Souvenir : Stickers There is a girl featured in all three wrong turn rooms, as well as in the barbershop itself. Her name, as shown in the closing credits, is Jade Barbar. Fido didn't appear in this episode, but was mentioned by Shane. There is also no joking button . 5 `` Marching Band'' 9 November 2006 ( 2006-11-09 ) 819 Story : Shane and David invent imaginary musical instruments and set out to join a marching band . Wrong Turns : Funny music room, marching room, sky room Opening activity : Relaxing, then Dancing. Main Buttons : Accelerate/Decelerate, Do-si-do, sky dancing, Disco, and Can-can (seen from the intro) Vocabulary : Accelerate (speed up)/Decelerate (slow down) Puppet : Puppet wants to be a bandleader. He is later seen practicing his bandleading on the Schmuzzies, but they get distracted by a dust ball, frustrating Puppet. Then he decides to be a baton. He gets stuck to the ceiling as the boys throw him, due to Shane smearing honey on the ceiling. The viewers are asked to press the `` Unstick'' button to get him down. Later, David hears a melodic tune and wonders if it came from Puppet. Puppet offers to demonstrate, and makes a horrible noise, causing the brothers to frantically request that the viewer `` Press the Stop button!'' . He is last seen fulfilling his dream as the baton for the bandleader. Fido the Fly : Fido is marching behind Schmuzzies. Instant Replay : To see the four children march. Schmuzzies : They march behind Puppet, who initially wants to be bandleader, but get distracted by a dust ball(Schmuzzies love dust). They are later seen in Mrs. Foil's tuba. Shane doesn't appear to be apprehensive of them. Musical instruments : Drumpet ( drum combined with a trumpet ), harmonica , bottle , cymbal , double bass , electric guitar , xylophone , the CymBanjo (the cymbal and tech of Banjo) and Scruba (an air guitar a round) The bird in the Sky Room sounds like John Lennon , making a reference to the song `` Imagine '' , saying, `` No ground below us, only skies,'' and the marching band room has the cameo appearance in the episode ' Camping' where Shane's bedroom is replaced. There is no souvenir. 6 `` Art Museum'' 18 October 2006 ( 2006-10-18 ) 813 Story : Unable to find a place to hang his newly created masterpiece, Shane, along with David, searches for the art museum to hang it in. Wrong Turns : Sticky room, fog room, museum of finger painting Opening activity : Eating a banana . Main Buttons : Humongous/Minute, Jiggle, Wiggle, smaller, bigger (These buttons are on before title sequence), unstick, fog light, high voice. Vocabulary : Humongous (really, really big)/minute (really, really small) (seen in the intro), moat (a big hole that's filled with water) Action Fingers : They fingerpaint . Instant Replay : To see the boy mix red , blue , and gold finger paint to make a color called `` gurple.'' Fido the Fly : Fido lands on Shane's hand, compliments his painting, then pulls open the shelf containing the Museum of Finger Painting. Other pets mentioned: Bruno the Elephant and a Porcupine . Schmuzzies : They are part of the tour group at the art museum. When Shane despairs over not being able to hang his picture, he makes a reference to the Schmuzzy Art Museum, though it never appears in the episode. Puppet : When Shane and David try to hang the picture on a door, they keep getting interrupted by Puppet opening the door and saying, `` Ta-da!'' He is practicing making grand entrances. At the end, after Shane and David have given the viewer imaginary paints from a box, Puppet pops out of the box and says, `` Ta-da!'' . Puppet says he has been using Burmese-Kumquat-Lavender paint to dye his hair. Shane and David laugh until Puppet realizes the viewers have pressed the Pause button by mistake. Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` See you later, Alligators.'' Souvenir : Paint set with Sky Blue, Ruby Red, Lime, Turquoise and Lavender paints. That is Fido the Fly's first episode. 7 `` Pet Shop'' 19 October 2006 ( 2006-10-19 ) 814 Story : Yearning for a relationship like the one between Fido and Shane, David decides he needs a pet. They look for the pet shop . Wrong Turns : Puppy room, parrot room, Dark side of the Moon Opening activity : Juggling . Puppet : Puppet volunteers to be David's pet, imitating a dog, a cat, and a giant squid . David says he thinks of him more as a friend. Later, Puppet makes some suggestions on what type of pet David should get. Puppet appears on the moon and sings `` The Dark Side of the Moon '' with Shane and David. Main Buttons : Rotate, Ditty, really excited Instant Replay : To see the dog rotate (roll over). Fido the Fly : Shane and Fido play ping-pong tennis at the beginning of the episode. Later, Fido spends a short moment with Shane, demonstrating tricks. After returning from the moon, he plays loud music while playing the trumpet, the brothers ask Fido if he knows where the pet shop is, which he doesn't . At the end, he plays `` Fly on a Chair'' with Spot, David's new pet chair. Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : When holding her cat, she says, `` His name is Elizabeth,'' instead of, `` Her name is Elizabeth.'' Schmuzzies : They sing backup for David when the Ditty button is pressed. They then make some suggestions on what pet David should get. They also get amazed by a bright light which turns out to be the Moon after the door opens. Shane doesn't appear to be apprehensive of them. Souvenir : Chair Spot the Blue Chair : Tutorial on what to do with a pet chair. Spot with Fido on chair with David. There is also no vocabulary. 8 `` Camping'' 20 October 2006 ( 2006-10-20 ) 815 Story : After their bedrooms disappear, the boys search for another place to sleep. Whenever the boys think they've found a resting place, it ends up being contrary to their expectations. For example, even though the `` Wake up!'' room has two beds seemingly meant for sleeping, the room becomes paradoxical when various things begin waking Shane and David up; a rooster begins crowing, various digital and analog alarm clocks begin sounding at the foot of the beds, and a man plays the Reveille military bugle call on a trumpet . Wrong Turns : Snoring room, `` Wake up!'' room, Shape room Opening activity : Stand or sit. Main Buttons : Horizontal/Vertical, yawn, get out of here, Wake up!, sneeze, horizontal dance (The opening before title sequence on these buttons) Instant Replay : To see the girl on the wheelchair count the number of sides on the shape called Hexagon . Shane's Funny Expression : When David said, `` Are you thinking what I'm thinking?'' he (Shane) answered, `` Albanian Chicken Juice?'' Vocabulary : Horizontal ( sideways ), Vertical ( upright ), Hexagon (6-sided polygon ) Fido the Fly : Fido is seen/mentioned three times. First, David opens the door to Fido's room and the door slams. Second, Fido's watch alarm is on. Third, Fido is zipped into an imaginary sleeping bag. Puppet : Twice, Puppet needs the brothers to sing him a lullaby so he can sleep and gets an imaginary sleeping bag the next morning. Action Fingers : First, getting behind the door, Action Fingers walk up stairs, open the door, and fall asleep. Second, Action fingers are jumping off stairs, wrong yellow and green lemons , flying toy airplane . Third, walking on a shoulder and cheek, waking Shane and David up. Schmuzzies : The Schmuzzies sing back-up during Puppet's lullaby. Shane isn't nervous around them. Souvenir : Sleeping bag Shane and David do not say, `` But whatever you do, don't hit the ______ button.'' There is no joking button. 9 `` Picnic'' 6 November 2006 ( 2006-11-06 ) 816 Story : When Fido the Fly wants to go on a picnic, David and Shane help him find the food, items, and place for the picnic . Good Choice Food Room : Sandwich Room Wrong Turns : no-room room, wind room Opening activity : Drinking tea . Instant Replay : The boy puts turkey , tomato , and lettuce on another sandwich. Vocabulary : Scrumptious (yummy, delicious) Main Buttons : Inside/Outside, Sandwich, Ditty, Hands up/Hands down, Down the Hatch (Shane drinks tea cup in opening only) Puppet : Delivery Puppet brings things the boys need for their picnic, while disguising his voice. He then joins the boys. Puppet acts as the ball for their picnic games. Fido the Fly : Fido feels sad because he's the only fly who's never been on a picnic, he's the main character in the episode. He comes along to the No-Room Room and the Wind Room. Fido's fly buddies come for the picnic. He eats tiny sandwiches at the picnic. Schmuzzies : They dance beside Puppet, singing `` Happy Fly Ditty.'' Shane doesn't appear to be apprehensive of them. Souvenir : Kite In the Wind Room are the Elephant from the no-room room, Fish from the underwater room, Puppet, Spot the Chair, Mrs. Foil, and Umbrella. 10 `` Airport'' 7 November 2006 ( 2006-11-07 ) 817 Story : Puppet feverishly rehearses a musical routine in anticipation of his cousin, Mary Annette (a pun on marionette )'s arrival while Shane and David volunteer to pick her up, at the airport , but have to find it first. Wrong Turns : Bird room, paper airplane room, word room Opening activity : Making a smoothie . Main Buttons : Vibration/Stop the Vibration, Mute/Unmute (intro version), think hard, Helicopter (Shane in the bird room), fast-folding, parachute (the button used in the Paper Airplane room), landing, jump out of the book (Shane uses in the Word room), climb the wall, head home (see on the end), Instant Replay : Action Fingers ask to see a girl use sign language to sign the word `` plane'' again. Shane's Funny Expression : When David said, `` Are you thinking what I'm thinking?'' he (Shane) said, `` Yeah, are you thinking what we're thinking, dancing tonight, you, me, Dave, and ten thousand monkeys ?'' Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Jumbo jets, donkeys, and tigers.'' Action Fingers : Two instances. First, Action Fingers crash-land on a paper airplane, search for Mary Annette inside, then refold it for its owner, Mrs. Foil. Second, they help to translate for a girl using sign language in the Word Room. Puppet : Puppet practices `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song.'' Schmuzzies : They first relay the message that Mary Annette is at the airport and needs to be picked up right away. (Though Shane thinks they are telling him he has made an unfortunate choice of legwarmers and that Mary Annette is in Northern Lithuania .) Later, they attempt to sing backup for Puppet, but start out being too far in front, and then too far in the back of the puppet stage. Souvenir : Binoculars Fido the Fly : He joins Mrs. Foil, Shane and David in the Big Band version of `` The Traditional Puppet Family Welcome Song.'' This is the only episode that doesn't include the Rewind/Fast Forward, Upside Down/Right Side Up buttons. There is no vocabulary. The Voice is absent. No doors, no windows and no drawers. 11 `` Beach'' 8 November 2006 ( 2006-11-08 ) 818 Story : After losing the beach ball they were playing with, Shane and David search for the beach to find it. Wrong Turns : Underwater room, desert room, South Pole Opening activity : Horse-back riding . Main Buttons : Upside Down/Right Side Up, Follow the Leader, Ice Skating (Shane and David in the Antarctica), Go home (seen from the end), Bucking broncos, Photo Finish, Get off your high horse (seen from the intro) Instant Replay : Watch the boy put on a jacket. Vocabulary : Perplexed (confused) Fido the Fly : Fido spies the beach ball on the hedge and tries to tell the boys but they don't turn in time to see it. Fido then flies away. Action Fingers : They rebuild Mrs. Foil's sand castle after David and Shane destroy it. Schmuzzies : They see the beach ball rolling along the hedge outside the window , but David and Shane do not turn around in time. They yell, `` Schmeach schmall!'' . Shane thinks that means his teeth are exploding, so David translates for him using a tiny Schmuzzish- English Dictionary . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Every afternoon at three , bring your own milk . Which reminds me, have you check the teacup ? Fiddle-dee-dee!'' Souvenir : Beach balls 12 `` Ice Cream Truck'' 17 January 2007 ( 2007-01-17 ) 822 Story : Shane and David seek to discover the delicious, delectable, and delightful joys of the frozen treat known as ice cream . Wrong Turns : Frozen room, `` this way'' room, ice cream game show Opening activity : Weight lifting . Main Button : Heavy/Light, Frozen/Unfrozen, Zoom in/Zoom out (seen in intro only) Whoo!, Run along home, Cheerleading Puppet : Visits the ice cream truck and appears with an ice cream cone . Fido the Fly : Is drinking a chocolate milkshake . Three other pets are mentioned: Evan the Pig , Helen the baby Hippo , and Georgio the Caterpillar . Instant Replay :To see the little girl named Matilda scooping ice cream. Skater Lady (Mrs. Foil) Funny Expression: `` Gotta go, penguin's toes.'' Schmuzzies : The brothers find a tub of ice cream and attempt to scoop some out, but end up with Schmuzzies in their cones, as the Schmuzzies have finished the ice cream already. Shane seems a little nervous around them, and attempts to engage them in conversation. He misinterprets what they say, and must be assisted by David. Mrs. Foil is featured in all three wrong turn rooms, as well as the ice cream truck itself. There is no vocabulary, joking button and souvenir. 13 `` Birthday Party'' 10 November 2006 ( 2006-11-10 ) 820 Story : Shane and David are invited to a surprise birthday party that turns out to be for them. Wrong Turns : No fun room, surprise room, opera room Opening activity : Sleeping on armchair. Main Button : Celebration/Stop-the-Celebration Instant Replay Girl was `` surprise'' again pointing to the `` sur'' , `` prise'' and `` surprise'' Schmuzzies : They attend the `` Schmirthday Schmarty,'' to which they travel via Mrs. Foil's purse carrying presents . Puppet : First, Puppet is seen in a hurry to get to the party. A delivery Puppet arrives with an invitation to the boys and, in a gruff voice, says, `` Delivery for Shane and David and you.'' Later, Puppet is seen during the party and cleans up after it ends. Fido the Fly : Fido bouncing on a trampoline . Mrs. Foil Funny Expression : `` Toodle pip!'' Souvenir : Birthday present Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party, including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic'' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum'' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater,'' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping'' , the boy at the South Pole in `` Beach'' , and one of the girls from the Marching Room in `` Marching Band'' . From this episode, the girl from the surprise room is present. David says `` Whatever you do, don't press the _________ button.'' There is no vocabulary. References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` 49th Annual TV Week Logie Awards (2007)'' . TV Week . 6 May 2007. Jump up ^ Kaplan, Don (27 December 2006). `` Quitting Kids TV - ' Upside' Duo Talk About Getting Out Just As Hit Series Is Getting Started'' . New York Post . Jump up ^ `` Complete list of 2007 Creative Craft Daytime Emmy Award winners'' . Los Angeles Times . Jump up ^ `` Parents' Choice Awards: Spring 2007 Television'' . Parents' Choice . External links ( edit ) The Upside Down Show on Nick Jr. (Australia) The Upside Down Show on Nick Jr. (US) (at archive.org) Episode Guide on Nick Jr. The Upside Down Show on IMDb Umbilical Brothers ( hide ) Nick Jr. original programming Former 1980s debuts Eureeka's Castle (1989-- 95) 1990s debuts Nick Jr. Rocks (1991) Dick Bruna 's Miffy (1992) Gullah Gullah Island (1994-- 98) Allegra's Window (1994-- 96) Little Bear (1995-- 2003) Blue's Clues (1996-- 2006) Franklin (1997-- 2004) Maisy (1998-- 2001) 64 Zoo Lane (1999-- 2013) Phred on Your Head Show (1999-- 2002) Little Bill (1999-- 2004) 2000s debuts Dora the Explorer (2000-- 15) Maggie and the Ferocious Beast (2000-- 02) Tiny Planets (2001-- 02) Oswald (2001-- 03) The URL with Phred Show (2001-- 02) Play with Me Sesame (2002-- 07) Oobi (2003-- 05) Miffy and Friends (2003-- 07) Moose and Zee (2003-- 12) Connie the Cow (2003-- 07) Whoopi's Littleburg (2004) Blue's Room (2004-- 07) LazyTown (2004-- 08) Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends (2004-- 08) The Backyardigans (2004-- 10) Cooking for Kids with Luis (2004-- 05) Pinky Dinky Doo (2005-- 09) Go, Diego, Go! (2005-- 11) Jack's Big Music Show (2005-- 08) Wonder Pets! (2006-- 13) Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! (2006-- 10) The Upside Down Show (2006-- 07) Yo Gabba Gabba! (2007-- 15) Ni Hao, Kai-Lan (2007-- 11) Toot & Puddle (2008-- 09) Olivia (2009-- 11) The Fresh Beat Band (2009-- 13) 2010s debuts Pocoyo (2010-- 15) Team Umizoomi (2010-- 15) Bubble Guppies (2011-- 16) Franklin and Friends (2011-- 12) Mike the Knight (2011-- 17) Tickety Toc (2012-- 15) Peter Rabbit (2012-- 16) Lalaloopsy (2013-- 15) Julius Jr. (2013-- 15) Fresh Beat Band of Spies (2015-- 16) Current Teletubbies (since 1997) Max & Ruby (since 2002) Peppa Pig (since 2003) Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom (since 2009) Dino Dan (since 2010) Mia and Me (since 2011) Play Along with Sam (since 2013) PAW Patrol (since 2013) Wallykazam! (since 2014) Zack & Quack (since 2014) Dora and Friends: Into the City! 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About Wikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"6392818072136008859"}}},{"rowIdx":93,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what does gronkowski wear on his left arm"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"He is of Polish origin , among with some English and some German origin . < ref > ( 1 )"},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[[]],"string":"[\n []\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["Rob Gronkowski Gronkowski with the Patriots in 2017 No. 87 -- New England Patriots Position : Tight end Born : ( 1989 - 05 - 14 ) May 14 , 1989 ( age 28 ) Amherst , New York Height : 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) Weight : 265 lb ( 120 kg ) Career information High school : Churchill ( PA ) Woodland Hills College : Arizona NFL Draft : 2010 / Round : 2 / Pick : 42 Career history New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present ) Roster status : Active Career highlights and awards 2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI ) 4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) 4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 ) NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 ) Career NFL statistics as of Week 15 , 2017 Receptions : 469 Receiving yards : 7,112 Receiving touchdowns : 75 Player stats at NFL.com","Gronkowski with the Patriots in 2017","No. 87 -- New England Patriots","Position : Tight end","Born : ( 1989 - 05 - 14 ) May 14 , 1989 ( age 28 ) Amherst , New York","Height : 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m )","Weight : 265 lb ( 120 kg )","Career information","High school : Churchill ( PA ) Woodland Hills","College : Arizona","NFL Draft : 2010 / Round : 2 / Pick : 42","Career history","New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present )","New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present )","New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present )","Roster status : Active","Career highlights and awards","2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI ) 4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) 4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 ) NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 )","2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI ) 4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) 4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 ) NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 )","2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI )","4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 )","4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 )","NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 )","NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 )","Career NFL statistics as of Week 15 , 2017","Receptions : 469 Receiving yards : 7,112 Receiving touchdowns : 75 Player stats at NFL.com","Receptions : 469 Receiving yards : 7,112 Receiving touchdowns : 75 Player stats at NFL.com","Receptions : 469","Receiving yards : 7,112","Receiving touchdowns : 75","Player stats at NFL.com","Robert Gronkowski ( born May 14 , 1989 ) is an American football tight end for the New England Patriots of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Arizona , winning several awards , including being named a Sporting News and Rivals.com freshman All - American .","The Patriots drafted Gronkowski with the 42nd pick in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft . In 2011 , Gronkowski set the single - season record for touchdowns by a tight end with 17 receiving touchdowns ( and 18 overall ) , as well as the single - season record for receiving yards by a tight end , with 1,327 . That season , he became the first tight end in NFL history to lead the league in receiving touchdowns . In his first six seasons , he had 68 receiving touchdowns ; only two tight ends in NFL history have had more in their entire careers . He has achieved four Pro Bowl selections and four All - Pro selections , and was a starter in the Patriots ' Super Bowl XLIX victory .","Robert Paxton Gronkowski was born in Amherst , New York on May 14 , 1989 and raised in Williamsville , New York . He attended Williamsville North High School for three years . Gronkowski played football , as a tight end , and basketball , as a center , for the Spartans athletic teams . As a junior playing football , he recorded 36 receptions for 648 yards and seven touchdowns on offense , and 73 tackles and six sacks on defense . He was named an All - Western New York first - team and All - State second - team player .","In 2006 , Gronkowski moved to suburban Pittsburgh , where he attended Woodland Hills High School in Churchill as a senior . Initially ruled ineligible by the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League , he recorded eight receptions for 152 yards and four touchdowns at Woodland Hills , after the ruling of ineligibility was overturned . He was named a SuperPrep All - American , PrepStar All - American , Associated Press Class 4 - A all - state , Pittsburgh Post-Gazette `` Fabulous 22 '' , Pittsburgh Post-Gazette first - team all - conference , The Patriot - News ( Harrisburg , Pennsylvania ) `` Platinum 33 '' , and a Pittsburgh Tribune - Review `` Terrific 25 '' player . He was recruited by Kentucky , Arizona , Clemson , Louisville , Maryland , Ohio State , and Syracuse .","After graduating high school , Gronkowski attended the University of Arizona and played for the Arizona Wildcats football team from 2007 to 2009 . As a freshman in 2007 , he recorded 28 receptions for 525 yards and six touchdowns . His 18.8 yards per reception average was the best on the team and his receiving yards were a school record for a tight end . He was named The Sporting News freshman All - American , Rivals.com freshman All - American , The Sporting News freshman Pac - 10 , and All - Pac - 10 honorable mention player .","Gronkowski missed the first three games of the 2008 season , but later recorded 47 receptions for 672 yards and a team - best ten touchdowns . Five of his touchdowns were scored in his first two games . He twice was named the John Mackey National Tight End of the Week , including his performance in a failed comeback bid against Oregon , when he caught 12 passes for 143 yards . He set the school records for a tight end for single - game , single - season , and career receptions , yards , and touchdowns . Gronkowski was named an Associated Press third - team All - American and All - Pac - 10 first - team tight end .","Prior to the 2009 season , Gronkowski was placed on the watchlist for the Lombardi Award , which is awarded to the most outstanding college football lineman or linebacker . He missed his junior season in 2009 due to back surgery , which caused his draft stock to fall .","Receiving Year Team GP Rec Yards TDs 2007 Arizona 12 28 525 6 2008 Arizona 10 47 672 10 College Totals 22 75 1,197 16","Receiving","Year Team GP Rec Yards TDs","2007 Arizona 12 28 525 6","2008 Arizona 10 47 672 10","College Totals 22 75 1,197 16","Pre-draft measurables Ht Wt Arm length Hand size 40 ‐ yd dash 10 - yd split 20 - yd split 20 ‐ ss 3 ‐ cone Vert jump Broad BP 6 ft 6 ⁄ in ( 1.99 m ) 259 lb ( 117 kg ) 34 ⁄ in ( 0.87 m ) 10 ⁄ in ( 0.27 m ) 4.68 s 1.58 s 2.68 s 4.47 s 7.18 s 35 in ( 0.89 m ) 9 ft 11 in ( 3.02 m ) 23 reps All values from Arizona Pro Day , except measurements and BP ( from the NFL Combine ) . Did not participate in most combine events due to a back injury .","Ht Wt Arm length Hand size 40 ‐ yd dash 10 - yd split 20 - yd split 20 ‐ ss 3 ‐ cone Vert jump Broad BP","6 ft 6 ⁄ in ( 1.99 m ) 259 lb ( 117 kg ) 34 ⁄ in ( 0.87 m ) 10 ⁄ in ( 0.27 m ) 4.68 s 1.58 s 2.68 s 4.47 s 7.18 s 35 in ( 0.89 m ) 9 ft 11 in ( 3.02 m ) 23 reps","All values from Arizona Pro Day , except measurements and BP ( from the NFL Combine ) . Did not participate in most combine events due to a back injury .","Gronkowski was drafted by the New England Patriots in the second round ( 42nd overall ) of the 2010 NFL Draft , after a draft day trade with the Oakland Raiders ; in pre-draft evaluations revealed in May 2016 , Raiders scouts had rated Gronkowski as the `` best all - around player in the draft . '' He signed a four - year contract on July 25 , 2010 . The deal was worth $4.4 million , with a $1.76 million signing bonus .","During the preseason , Gronkowski was one of three NFL players to score four touchdowns , tying Victor Cruz , a rookie wide receiver for the New York Giants , and Anthony Dixon , a running back for the San Francisco 49ers . In the Week 1 game against Cincinnati , Gronkowski caught his first regular season touchdown in the fourth quarter on a one - yard pass from Tom Brady .","In a Week 10 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers , Gronkowski caught three touchdown passes from Brady , becoming the first rookie in Patriots history , and the youngest rookie in NFL history to accomplish the feat . ( In honor of the feat , Madden NFL 12 has a `` Rob Gronkowski Award '' for players who have a tight end catch three or more touchdowns in a single game . )","Visiting his home city of Buffalo in Week 16 , Gronkowski caught two touchdowns against the Buffalo Bills , and added a touchdown in the season finale to give him 10 on the season ; in 16 games played ( 11 starts ) , Gronkowski caught 42 passes for 546 yards . Despite missing his entire 2009 college season following back surgery , Gronkowski did not miss a single game or practice all season ; he was the first rookie tight end since the NFL - AFL merger to score 10 touchdowns .","Gronkowski was nominated three times for Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week , in Weeks 10 , 14 , and 17 , winning twice and losing in Week 10 to Tim Tebow . Gronkowski also finished fifth in fan balloting at tight end for the 2011 Pro Bowl , and fourth overall among rookies . Gronkowski also received one writer 's vote for the Associated Press 2010 All - Pro Team ( writers only vote for one tight end ) .","Gronkowski caught his first touchdown of the 2011 season on a 10 - yard pass from Tom Brady in the Patriots ' Week 1 victory over the Miami Dolphins ; Gronkowski 's 6 catches accounted for 86 of Brady 's franchise record 517 yards . In Week 11 , Gronkowski caught two touchdown passes , including a career - long 52 - yard catch and run , to equal his 2010 TD total in just ten games ; he passed his reception and yardage totals from 2010 in only eight games .","Through Week 11 , Gronkowski led all tight ends with 10 touchdowns ; his 20 touchdowns were the most ever for a tight end in his first two seasons . His reception and receiving yardage totals both ranked second among tight ends ( after Jimmy Graham of the New Orleans Saints ) , and in the top ten among all receivers , though they only ranked second on the Patriots , behind wide receiver Wes Welker .","Gronkowski broke the NFL record for touchdowns scored in a single season by a tight end when he had the second three - TD game of his career in the Patriots ' Week 13 victory against the Indianapolis Colts . After scoring two TDs on receptions from Tom Brady , Gronkowski scored a third touchdown from 2 yards out . Initially declared a forward pass , the pass was later ruled a lateral pass , which is recorded as a rushing attempt ; it was the first rushing attempt of Gronkowski 's career , and his first rushing touchdown . It was also the first rushing touchdown by a tight end since Bo Scaife did it in 2006 , and the first in Patriots history . At game 's end , Gronkowski had sole possession of the touchdown scoring record , with 14 , and shared the record for receiving touchdowns , 13 , with Antonio Gates and Vernon Davis .","Gronkowski took sole possession of the TE receiving record a week later against the Washington Redskins , in which he caught his 14th and 15th touchdown passes of the season ; in total , he had six receptions for a career - high 160 yards . His performance also earned him his first AFC Offensive Player of the Week award , and , for the second week in a row , NFL. com 's `` Hardest Working Man '' award . He ended the season with 1,327 receiving yards , breaking the previous NFL record for a tight end of 1,310 set by Jimmy Graham of the Saints earlier that same day . He also finished with 18 total touchdowns , 17 receiving -- both NFL records for tight ends . Gronkowski 's 18 touchdowns were the second - highest total in the NFL ( after Philadelphia 's LeSean McCoy , who had 20 ) , and equaled the output of the entire St. Louis Rams team . His 17 receiving touchdowns were the most of any NFL player in 2011 , marking the first time in NFL history a tight end had sole possession of the league lead .","Gronkowski was voted the starting tight end for the AFC at the 2012 Pro Bowl . One of eight Patriots players voted to the Pro Bowl , he finished fan voting with 936,886 votes , more than triple the number received by the number two tight end , Gronkowski 's teammate Aaron Hernandez , and the third - highest total of any AFC player , behind teammates Tom Brady and Wes Welker . He was also voted the tight end for the AP All - Pro first team , receiving 441⁄2 of the 50 votes ( 44 voters voted for Gronkowski ; 5 voters voted for Jimmy Graham , and one voter split a vote between the two ) .","In the Patriots ' first playoff game , a 45 -- 10 rout of the Denver Broncos in the Divisional round , Gronkowski tied an NFL post-season record , catching three touchdown passes as part of a 10 - catch , 145 - yard effort . Gronkowski alone had more catches than the entire Broncos offense , as quarterback Tim Tebow completed just 9 of 26 passes . For the second playoff game , a 23 -- 20 win over the Baltimore Ravens , Gronkowski suffered a high ankle sprain on a tackle by Ravens safety Bernard Pollard ; the status of his ankle was one of the major story lines in the run - up to Super Bowl XLVI . But , Gronkowski still managed to finish with 5 receptions for 87 yards . In Super Bowl XLVI , the Patriots decided to start Gronkowski , but he was n't a large factor in the game . With only a few seconds left in the Super Bowl XLVI , Gronkowski had a chance on Tom Brady 's Hail Mary as time expired , but his dive for the ball came up short . Gronkowski finished the game with 2 receptions for 26 yards , which was his lowest output since early October . The Patriots lost the Super Bowl to the New York Giants , 21 -- 17 . A few days after the Super Bowl , Gronkowski had an MRI of his injured ankle that revealed strained ligaments and required surgery to repair .","On June 8 , 2012 , Gronkowski signed a six - year , $54 million contract extension , the largest ever for an NFL tight end . The contract included an $8 million signing bonus , but otherwise left the 2012 and 2013 seasons of his rookie contract intact . Gronkowski broke his left forearm late in the fourth quarter during an extra point in the Patriots ' 59 - 24 victory in Week 11 over the Indianapolis Colts . Before doing so , however , he became the third tight end in NFL history ( after Tony Gonzalez and Antonio Gates ) to achieve three seasons with at least 10 touchdown receptions , and the first ever to do it in consecutive seasons . Gronkowski returned to practice in Week 15 , and participated in the Week 17 game against the Miami Dolphins , scoring a touchdown . He re-injured his left arm in the first quarter of the Patriots ' first playoff game , against the Houston Texans . He required another operation , and missed the remainder of the playoff . In 11 games in the 2012 season , Gronkowski had 790 receiving yards and 11 touchdowns .","In February 2013 , Gronkowski was diagnosed with an infection in his forearm . He underwent an open procedure -- the third on his forearm -- in an effort to clear the infection ; he was subsequently placed on a course of antibiotics . On May 20 , 2013 , Gronkowski underwent a fourth surgery on his forearm to replace the hardware implanted in the second procedure and perform tissue biopsies . ESPN 's Adam Schefter reported that doctors were encouraged the infection had finally resolved . On June 18 , 2013 , Gronkowski underwent back surgery . He was cleared to play for the October 20 , 2013 , game against the New York Jets . During a game against the Cleveland Browns on December 8 , 2013 , Gronkowski suffered a right knee injury after a direct hit from safety T.J. Ward . Gronkowski tore his ACL and MCL , which prematurely ended his 2013 season . In 7 games ( 6 starts ) , Gronkowski produced 592 receiving yards and 4 touchdowns .","In his first game back from ACL / MCL surgery , Gronkowski managed to catch four passes for 40 yards and a touchdown against the Miami Dolphins in a losing effort , 33 -- 20 . He played on limited snaps as the Patriots worked him back to full strength slowly . Against the Minnesota Vikings in Week 2 , Gronkowski logged another 4 receptions for 32 yards in a 30 -- 7 win . Against the Raiders in Week 3 , Gronkowski caught 3 balls for 44 yards and his second touchdown of the season , and the only touchdown scored in the Patriots ' 16 -- 9 victory . Through Week 3 , Gronkowski logged 1 start , 11 receptions , 116 receiving yards , and 2 touchdowns on only 109 offensive snaps ( 42 % of the team 's offensive total ) . Gronkowski broke out in Week 8 against the Bears , catching 9 passes for 149 yards and 3 touchdowns . In week 14 against the San Diego Chargers , Gronkowski became the first tight end in NFL history to catch at least 10 touchdowns in four separate seasons . Gronkowski was a major factor in the Patriots ' 28 - 24 Super Bowl XLIX win over the Seattle Seahawks , recording 6 catches for 68 yards and a touchdown late in the second quarter . Gronkowski was fined twice this season , once for `` unnecessary roughness '' against Indianapolis Colts safety Sergio Brown , and the other time occurring during Super Bowl XLIX . Gronkowski , among three others , was fined $8,628 for `` striking an opponent . ''","Gronkowski was named to his third Pro Bowl and was the unanimous choice for tight end on the 2014 All - Pro Team , receiving all 50 votes . At the 2015 ESPY Awards , Gronkowski won the Comeback of the Year award for his 2014 season .","During the Patriots ' home opener on Thursday Night Football against the Pittsburgh Steelers on September 10 , 2015 , Gronkowski caught five passes for 94 yards , scoring three of the Patriots ' four touchdowns in their 28 -- 21 victory . The three - touchdown performance was the third in Gronkowski 's career , one shy of wide receiver Randy Moss 's team record of four . It also made Gronkowski the first player in NFL history with multiple three - touchdown - reception games against the Steelers . Through the Patriots ' first six games , all victories , Gronkowski recorded 34 receptions for 533 yards and six touchdowns . He added 113 yards and a touchdown on October 29 in a 36 -- 7 win over the Miami Dolphins . In the Patriots ' first loss of the season , on November 29 , 2015 , against the Denver Broncos , Gronkowski had to be carted off the field after a right knee injury in the fourth quarter . Initial reports said that the injury appeared to be less serious than it originally looked .","After missing a week , Gronkowski returned for the Patriots ' December 13 game against the Houston Texans . He caught four passes for 87 yards and a touchdown , for a total of 10 touchdowns and 1,018 yards on the season . The Patriots won , 27 -- 6 , to snap a two - game losing streak .","On December 20 , Gronkowski caught five passes for 54 yards and one touchdown in a 33 -- 16 win over the Tennessee Titans . He dedicated the touchdown to his friend Dana Parenteau , who had died at the age of 43 two days earlier .","In the Patriots ' 27 -- 20 win over the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Divisional Round , Gronkowski caught seven passes for 83 yards and two touchdowns . In the AFC Championship , a 20 -- 18 loss to the Denver Broncos , Gronkowski led all receivers with 8 catches for 144 yards and a touchdown . Gronkowski had the Patriots ' final touchdown to put the Patriots within two points , but the resulting two - point conversion was unsuccessful .","Gronkowski was selected to the Pro Bowl and to the AP All - Pro first team for the fourth time in his career ; he led all non-quarterbacks in fan voting for the Pro Bowl , and received 48 of 50 All - Pro votes at tight end . He was ranked as the ninth best player on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016 .","Gronkowski missed the first two games of the 2016 season due to a hamstring injury and was limited in his next two games . Against the Buffalo Bills in Week 8 , Gronkowski scored the 69th regular - season touchdown of his career , which was also his 68th receiving touchdown . The touchdown broke both Patriots franchise records set by Stanley Morgan . In Week 10 against the Seattle Seahawks , he took a big hit to the chest by Earl Thomas which was initially thought to be a punctured lung but turned out to be a pulmonary contusion , keeping him out in Week 11 . In Week 12 against the New York Jets , he suffered a back injury , which needed surgery to repair a herniated disk , and was out for the season . He was officially placed on injured reserve on December 3 , 2016 after having surgery the previous day . He finished the season with 25 receptions on 38 targets for 540 yards and three touchdowns . His 21.6 yards per reception ranked first among NFL tight ends in 2016 . Gronkowski was on injured reserve when the Patriots won Super Bowl LI on February 5 , 2017 . In the game , the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34 -- 28 , earning Gronkowski his second Super Bowl championship . Despite missing eight games , Gronkowski was still ranked 23rd by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 .","Gronkowski began the 2017 season healthy after missing much of the previous season on the injured reserve list . Gronkowski injured his groin during a Week 2 victory over the New Orleans Saints , leaving the game early , but the injury did not result in missing any further games . Before the injury , he had recorded six receptions for 116 yards and a touchdown . By the end of Week 4 , he was occupying his familiar role as the team leader in receptions and receiving yardage , but a thigh contusion suffered in practice prior to the Thursday Night Football game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 5 caused him to miss that game entirely .","During Week 13 against the Buffalo Bills , Gronkowski had 9 receptions for 147 receiving yards as the Patriots won 23 -- 3 . However , after Bills rookie cornerback Tre'Davious White intercepted a pass intended for Gronkowski during the fourth quarter , he responded by body slamming White , drawing a personal foul penalty and giving White a concussion . Gronkowski was upset , claiming that White should have been flagged for a pass interference penalty . On December 4 , the day after the game , Gronkowski was suspended for one game for his hit on White . The next day , December 5 , the NFL denied Gronkowski 's appeal of the one - game suspension . With Gronkowski suspended for the Miami Dolphins game , the Patriots lost 20 - 27 . The following week in Week 15 against the Steelers , Gronkowski caught nine passes for a career - high 168 yards in a 27 - 24 win in Pittsburgh . This marked the 26th game in Gronkowski 's eight - year career that he 's totaled 100 yards receiving , as the only tight end with more 100 - yard games in a career is Tony Gonzalez with 31 . He also eclipsed the 1,000 - yard mark on the season , his fourth in his career , joining Gonzalez and Jason Witten as the only NFL tight ends with four 1,000 - yard seasons .","Receiving Rushing Fumbles Record Year Team GS Rec Yds Avg Lng TD Att Yds Avg Lng TD Fum Lost W -- L NE 16 11 42 546 13.0 28 10 0 0 -- -- 0 10 - 1 2011 NE 16 16 90 1,327 14.7 52T 17 2.0 2T 0 0 13 - 3 2012 NE 11 11 55 790 14.4 41 11 0 0 -- -- 0 8 - 3 2013 NE 7 6 39 592 15.2 50 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 4 - 2 2014 NE 15 10 82 1,124 13.7 46T 12 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 8 - 2 2015 NE 15 15 72 1,176 16.3 76T 11 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 12 - 3 2016 NE 8 6 25 540 21.6 53 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 5 - 1 2017 NE 12 12 64 1,017 15.9 53T 7 0 0 -- -- 0 0 10 - 2 Career 100 87 469 7,112 15.2 76 75 2.0 70 - 17","Receiving Rushing Fumbles Record","Year Team GS Rec Yds Avg Lng TD Att Yds Avg Lng TD Fum Lost W -- L","NE 16 11 42 546 13.0 28 10 0 0 -- -- 0 10 - 1","2011 NE 16 16 90 1,327 14.7 52T 17 2.0 2T 0 0 13 - 3","2012 NE 11 11 55 790 14.4 41 11 0 0 -- -- 0 8 - 3","2013 NE 7 6 39 592 15.2 50 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 4 - 2","2014 NE 15 10 82 1,124 13.7 46T 12 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 8 - 2","2015 NE 15 15 72 1,176 16.3 76T 11 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 12 - 3","2016 NE 8 6 25 540 21.6 53 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 5 - 1","2017 NE 12 12 64 1,017 15.9 53T 7 0 0 -- -- 0 0 10 - 2","Career 100 87 469 7,112 15.2 76 75 2.0 70 - 17","Career statistics accurate as of week 15 of the 2017 season . Bold indicates career high ,","Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers ) Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos ) Most touchdown receptions by a tight end , season : 17 ( 2011 ) Most touchdowns by a tight end , season : 18 ( 2011 ) First tight end to lead the league in receiving touchdowns ( 2011 ) Most receiving yards by a tight end , season : 1,327 ( 2011 ) Most offensive touchdowns in first two seasons : 28 ( Tied with Randy Moss ) Seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 5 ( 2010 -- 12 , 2014 -- 15 ) Consecutive seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 3 ( 2010 -- 12 ) First tight end to have 3 seasons with 10 + touchdowns and 1,000 + receiving yards ( 2011 , 2014 -- 15 ) Most career postseason receiving touchdowns by a tight end : 9 Most seasons of 1000 + yards receiving by a tight end : 4 ( tied with Tony Gonzalez and Jason Witten","Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers )","Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos )","Most touchdown receptions by a tight end , season : 17 ( 2011 )","Most touchdowns by a tight end , season : 18 ( 2011 )","First tight end to lead the league in receiving touchdowns ( 2011 )","Most receiving yards by a tight end , season : 1,327 ( 2011 )","Most offensive touchdowns in first two seasons : 28 ( Tied with Randy Moss )","Seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 5 ( 2010 -- 12 , 2014 -- 15 )","Consecutive seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 3 ( 2010 -- 12 )","First tight end to have 3 seasons with 10 + touchdowns and 1,000 + receiving yards ( 2011 , 2014 -- 15 )","Most career postseason receiving touchdowns by a tight end : 9","Most seasons of 1000 + yards receiving by a tight end : 4 ( tied with Tony Gonzalez and Jason Witten","Most games with 100 + receiving yards by a tight end : 25 Highest receiving yards per game average for a tight end ( season ) : 82.9 ( 2011 ) Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers ) Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos ) Most career touchdown receptions : 75","Most games with 100 + receiving yards by a tight end : 25","Highest receiving yards per game average for a tight end ( season ) : 82.9 ( 2011 )","Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers )","Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos )","Most career touchdown receptions : 75","In March 2012 , Gronkowski signed a two - year deal with Dunkin ' Donuts to endorse their products and appear in radio and television spots .","In August 2012 , Gronkowski became an investor and sponsor of the premium sports drink , Bodyarmor SuperDrink .","In September 2012 , PLB Sports produced a frosted corn flakes cereal named Gronk Flakes that was sold in New England at Stop & Shop supermarkets . Gronk Flakes are made by the same company that produced Flutie Flakes . A portion of proceeds will benefit the Gronk Nation Youth Foundation .","In January 2015 , Gronkowski teamed up with opendorse to promote a Zynga mobile application called `` NFL Showdown : Football Manager '' .","In his book , It 's Good to be Gronk ! , Gronkowski has written that he has n't spent any of his money he has earned through his NFL contracts and strictly lives off the earnings from his endorsement deals and appearance fees . His salary over the first five years was over $10.0 million .","In April 2016 , Gronkowski launched with Monster Energy a signature `` Gronk '' beverage that will be distributed by Coca - Cola .","In May 2016 , EA Sports announced that Gronkowski , who finished second to New York Giants wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. in fan voting for the cover of its Madden NFL 16 , would be the cover athlete for Madden NFL 17 ; no vote was held .","Gronkowski is the second youngest of five brothers , all of whom played collegiate sports . The eldest , Gordie Jr. , played baseball at Jacksonville University , and played several years of affiliated and independent league baseball , last appearing professionally for the Southern Illinois Miners of the Frontier League in 2011 . Dan played as a tight end at Maryland and was selected in the 2009 NFL Draft , he played for five years in the NFL . Chris played football for two years at the University of Maryland before transferring to Arizona and playing for four seasons in the NFL . The youngest brother , Glenn , was also a fullback for the Patriots . Rob also played hockey until he was 14 ; then he started playing basketball .","Gronkowski is known for his fun - loving personality , with Patriots quarterback Tom Brady being quoted as saying `` Gronk is a one of a kind person , player and friend . He is one of the most positive people I have ever been around and he loves to have fun . What you see is what you get and whether he is dancing , singing , laughing , or spiking , he is true to himself . '' Gronkowski said that partying improves his playing abilities , noting , `` You go out and get refreshed , and it just makes you want to go back out on that practice field and keep going hard . ''","Gronkowski appeared as fictionalized versions of himself in the 2015 film Entourage and a 2017 episode of the 15th season of Family Guy , and has a role in the 2017 American crime - drama thriller film American Violence . Gronkowski made an appearance at WWE 's WrestleMania 33 , jumping the barricade and helping real - life friend Mojo Rawley win the Andre The Giant Memorial Battle Royal .","He is of Polish origin , among with some English and some German origin . < ref > ( 1 )"],"string":"[\n \"Rob Gronkowski Gronkowski with the Patriots in 2017 No. 87 -- New England Patriots Position : Tight end Born : ( 1989 - 05 - 14 ) May 14 , 1989 ( age 28 ) Amherst , New York Height : 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) Weight : 265 lb ( 120 kg ) Career information High school : Churchill ( PA ) Woodland Hills College : Arizona NFL Draft : 2010 / Round : 2 / Pick : 42 Career history New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present ) Roster status : Active Career highlights and awards 2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI ) 4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) 4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 ) NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 ) Career NFL statistics as of Week 15 , 2017 Receptions : 469 Receiving yards : 7,112 Receiving touchdowns : 75 Player stats at NFL.com\",\n \"Gronkowski with the Patriots in 2017\",\n \"No. 87 -- New England Patriots\",\n \"Position : Tight end\",\n \"Born : ( 1989 - 05 - 14 ) May 14 , 1989 ( age 28 ) Amherst , New York\",\n \"Height : 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m )\",\n \"Weight : 265 lb ( 120 kg )\",\n \"Career information\",\n \"High school : Churchill ( PA ) Woodland Hills\",\n \"College : Arizona\",\n \"NFL Draft : 2010 / Round : 2 / Pick : 42\",\n \"Career history\",\n \"New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present )\",\n \"New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present )\",\n \"New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present )\",\n \"Roster status : Active\",\n \"Career highlights and awards\",\n \"2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI ) 4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) 4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 ) NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 )\",\n \"2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI ) 4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) 4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 ) NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 )\",\n \"2 × Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI )\",\n \"4 × Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 )\",\n \"4 × First - team All - Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 )\",\n \"NFL Comeback Player of the Year ( 2014 )\",\n \"NFL receiving touchdowns leader ( 2011 )\",\n \"Career NFL statistics as of Week 15 , 2017\",\n \"Receptions : 469 Receiving yards : 7,112 Receiving touchdowns : 75 Player stats at NFL.com\",\n \"Receptions : 469 Receiving yards : 7,112 Receiving touchdowns : 75 Player stats at NFL.com\",\n \"Receptions : 469\",\n \"Receiving yards : 7,112\",\n \"Receiving touchdowns : 75\",\n \"Player stats at NFL.com\",\n \"Robert Gronkowski ( born May 14 , 1989 ) is an American football tight end for the New England Patriots of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Arizona , winning several awards , including being named a Sporting News and Rivals.com freshman All - American .\",\n \"The Patriots drafted Gronkowski with the 42nd pick in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft . In 2011 , Gronkowski set the single - season record for touchdowns by a tight end with 17 receiving touchdowns ( and 18 overall ) , as well as the single - season record for receiving yards by a tight end , with 1,327 . That season , he became the first tight end in NFL history to lead the league in receiving touchdowns . In his first six seasons , he had 68 receiving touchdowns ; only two tight ends in NFL history have had more in their entire careers . He has achieved four Pro Bowl selections and four All - Pro selections , and was a starter in the Patriots ' Super Bowl XLIX victory .\",\n \"Robert Paxton Gronkowski was born in Amherst , New York on May 14 , 1989 and raised in Williamsville , New York . He attended Williamsville North High School for three years . Gronkowski played football , as a tight end , and basketball , as a center , for the Spartans athletic teams . As a junior playing football , he recorded 36 receptions for 648 yards and seven touchdowns on offense , and 73 tackles and six sacks on defense . He was named an All - Western New York first - team and All - State second - team player .\",\n \"In 2006 , Gronkowski moved to suburban Pittsburgh , where he attended Woodland Hills High School in Churchill as a senior . Initially ruled ineligible by the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League , he recorded eight receptions for 152 yards and four touchdowns at Woodland Hills , after the ruling of ineligibility was overturned . He was named a SuperPrep All - American , PrepStar All - American , Associated Press Class 4 - A all - state , Pittsburgh Post-Gazette `` Fabulous 22 '' , Pittsburgh Post-Gazette first - team all - conference , The Patriot - News ( Harrisburg , Pennsylvania ) `` Platinum 33 '' , and a Pittsburgh Tribune - Review `` Terrific 25 '' player . He was recruited by Kentucky , Arizona , Clemson , Louisville , Maryland , Ohio State , and Syracuse .\",\n \"After graduating high school , Gronkowski attended the University of Arizona and played for the Arizona Wildcats football team from 2007 to 2009 . As a freshman in 2007 , he recorded 28 receptions for 525 yards and six touchdowns . His 18.8 yards per reception average was the best on the team and his receiving yards were a school record for a tight end . He was named The Sporting News freshman All - American , Rivals.com freshman All - American , The Sporting News freshman Pac - 10 , and All - Pac - 10 honorable mention player .\",\n \"Gronkowski missed the first three games of the 2008 season , but later recorded 47 receptions for 672 yards and a team - best ten touchdowns . Five of his touchdowns were scored in his first two games . He twice was named the John Mackey National Tight End of the Week , including his performance in a failed comeback bid against Oregon , when he caught 12 passes for 143 yards . He set the school records for a tight end for single - game , single - season , and career receptions , yards , and touchdowns . Gronkowski was named an Associated Press third - team All - American and All - Pac - 10 first - team tight end .\",\n \"Prior to the 2009 season , Gronkowski was placed on the watchlist for the Lombardi Award , which is awarded to the most outstanding college football lineman or linebacker . He missed his junior season in 2009 due to back surgery , which caused his draft stock to fall .\",\n \"Receiving Year Team GP Rec Yards TDs 2007 Arizona 12 28 525 6 2008 Arizona 10 47 672 10 College Totals 22 75 1,197 16\",\n \"Receiving\",\n \"Year Team GP Rec Yards TDs\",\n \"2007 Arizona 12 28 525 6\",\n \"2008 Arizona 10 47 672 10\",\n \"College Totals 22 75 1,197 16\",\n \"Pre-draft measurables Ht Wt Arm length Hand size 40 ‐ yd dash 10 - yd split 20 - yd split 20 ‐ ss 3 ‐ cone Vert jump Broad BP 6 ft 6 ⁄ in ( 1.99 m ) 259 lb ( 117 kg ) 34 ⁄ in ( 0.87 m ) 10 ⁄ in ( 0.27 m ) 4.68 s 1.58 s 2.68 s 4.47 s 7.18 s 35 in ( 0.89 m ) 9 ft 11 in ( 3.02 m ) 23 reps All values from Arizona Pro Day , except measurements and BP ( from the NFL Combine ) . Did not participate in most combine events due to a back injury .\",\n \"Ht Wt Arm length Hand size 40 ‐ yd dash 10 - yd split 20 - yd split 20 ‐ ss 3 ‐ cone Vert jump Broad BP\",\n \"6 ft 6 ⁄ in ( 1.99 m ) 259 lb ( 117 kg ) 34 ⁄ in ( 0.87 m ) 10 ⁄ in ( 0.27 m ) 4.68 s 1.58 s 2.68 s 4.47 s 7.18 s 35 in ( 0.89 m ) 9 ft 11 in ( 3.02 m ) 23 reps\",\n \"All values from Arizona Pro Day , except measurements and BP ( from the NFL Combine ) . Did not participate in most combine events due to a back injury .\",\n \"Gronkowski was drafted by the New England Patriots in the second round ( 42nd overall ) of the 2010 NFL Draft , after a draft day trade with the Oakland Raiders ; in pre-draft evaluations revealed in May 2016 , Raiders scouts had rated Gronkowski as the `` best all - around player in the draft . '' He signed a four - year contract on July 25 , 2010 . The deal was worth $4.4 million , with a $1.76 million signing bonus .\",\n \"During the preseason , Gronkowski was one of three NFL players to score four touchdowns , tying Victor Cruz , a rookie wide receiver for the New York Giants , and Anthony Dixon , a running back for the San Francisco 49ers . In the Week 1 game against Cincinnati , Gronkowski caught his first regular season touchdown in the fourth quarter on a one - yard pass from Tom Brady .\",\n \"In a Week 10 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers , Gronkowski caught three touchdown passes from Brady , becoming the first rookie in Patriots history , and the youngest rookie in NFL history to accomplish the feat . ( In honor of the feat , Madden NFL 12 has a `` Rob Gronkowski Award '' for players who have a tight end catch three or more touchdowns in a single game . )\",\n \"Visiting his home city of Buffalo in Week 16 , Gronkowski caught two touchdowns against the Buffalo Bills , and added a touchdown in the season finale to give him 10 on the season ; in 16 games played ( 11 starts ) , Gronkowski caught 42 passes for 546 yards . Despite missing his entire 2009 college season following back surgery , Gronkowski did not miss a single game or practice all season ; he was the first rookie tight end since the NFL - AFL merger to score 10 touchdowns .\",\n \"Gronkowski was nominated three times for Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week , in Weeks 10 , 14 , and 17 , winning twice and losing in Week 10 to Tim Tebow . Gronkowski also finished fifth in fan balloting at tight end for the 2011 Pro Bowl , and fourth overall among rookies . Gronkowski also received one writer 's vote for the Associated Press 2010 All - Pro Team ( writers only vote for one tight end ) .\",\n \"Gronkowski caught his first touchdown of the 2011 season on a 10 - yard pass from Tom Brady in the Patriots ' Week 1 victory over the Miami Dolphins ; Gronkowski 's 6 catches accounted for 86 of Brady 's franchise record 517 yards . In Week 11 , Gronkowski caught two touchdown passes , including a career - long 52 - yard catch and run , to equal his 2010 TD total in just ten games ; he passed his reception and yardage totals from 2010 in only eight games .\",\n \"Through Week 11 , Gronkowski led all tight ends with 10 touchdowns ; his 20 touchdowns were the most ever for a tight end in his first two seasons . His reception and receiving yardage totals both ranked second among tight ends ( after Jimmy Graham of the New Orleans Saints ) , and in the top ten among all receivers , though they only ranked second on the Patriots , behind wide receiver Wes Welker .\",\n \"Gronkowski broke the NFL record for touchdowns scored in a single season by a tight end when he had the second three - TD game of his career in the Patriots ' Week 13 victory against the Indianapolis Colts . After scoring two TDs on receptions from Tom Brady , Gronkowski scored a third touchdown from 2 yards out . Initially declared a forward pass , the pass was later ruled a lateral pass , which is recorded as a rushing attempt ; it was the first rushing attempt of Gronkowski 's career , and his first rushing touchdown . It was also the first rushing touchdown by a tight end since Bo Scaife did it in 2006 , and the first in Patriots history . At game 's end , Gronkowski had sole possession of the touchdown scoring record , with 14 , and shared the record for receiving touchdowns , 13 , with Antonio Gates and Vernon Davis .\",\n \"Gronkowski took sole possession of the TE receiving record a week later against the Washington Redskins , in which he caught his 14th and 15th touchdown passes of the season ; in total , he had six receptions for a career - high 160 yards . His performance also earned him his first AFC Offensive Player of the Week award , and , for the second week in a row , NFL. com 's `` Hardest Working Man '' award . He ended the season with 1,327 receiving yards , breaking the previous NFL record for a tight end of 1,310 set by Jimmy Graham of the Saints earlier that same day . He also finished with 18 total touchdowns , 17 receiving -- both NFL records for tight ends . Gronkowski 's 18 touchdowns were the second - highest total in the NFL ( after Philadelphia 's LeSean McCoy , who had 20 ) , and equaled the output of the entire St. Louis Rams team . His 17 receiving touchdowns were the most of any NFL player in 2011 , marking the first time in NFL history a tight end had sole possession of the league lead .\",\n \"Gronkowski was voted the starting tight end for the AFC at the 2012 Pro Bowl . One of eight Patriots players voted to the Pro Bowl , he finished fan voting with 936,886 votes , more than triple the number received by the number two tight end , Gronkowski 's teammate Aaron Hernandez , and the third - highest total of any AFC player , behind teammates Tom Brady and Wes Welker . He was also voted the tight end for the AP All - Pro first team , receiving 441⁄2 of the 50 votes ( 44 voters voted for Gronkowski ; 5 voters voted for Jimmy Graham , and one voter split a vote between the two ) .\",\n \"In the Patriots ' first playoff game , a 45 -- 10 rout of the Denver Broncos in the Divisional round , Gronkowski tied an NFL post-season record , catching three touchdown passes as part of a 10 - catch , 145 - yard effort . Gronkowski alone had more catches than the entire Broncos offense , as quarterback Tim Tebow completed just 9 of 26 passes . For the second playoff game , a 23 -- 20 win over the Baltimore Ravens , Gronkowski suffered a high ankle sprain on a tackle by Ravens safety Bernard Pollard ; the status of his ankle was one of the major story lines in the run - up to Super Bowl XLVI . But , Gronkowski still managed to finish with 5 receptions for 87 yards . In Super Bowl XLVI , the Patriots decided to start Gronkowski , but he was n't a large factor in the game . With only a few seconds left in the Super Bowl XLVI , Gronkowski had a chance on Tom Brady 's Hail Mary as time expired , but his dive for the ball came up short . Gronkowski finished the game with 2 receptions for 26 yards , which was his lowest output since early October . The Patriots lost the Super Bowl to the New York Giants , 21 -- 17 . A few days after the Super Bowl , Gronkowski had an MRI of his injured ankle that revealed strained ligaments and required surgery to repair .\",\n \"On June 8 , 2012 , Gronkowski signed a six - year , $54 million contract extension , the largest ever for an NFL tight end . The contract included an $8 million signing bonus , but otherwise left the 2012 and 2013 seasons of his rookie contract intact . Gronkowski broke his left forearm late in the fourth quarter during an extra point in the Patriots ' 59 - 24 victory in Week 11 over the Indianapolis Colts . Before doing so , however , he became the third tight end in NFL history ( after Tony Gonzalez and Antonio Gates ) to achieve three seasons with at least 10 touchdown receptions , and the first ever to do it in consecutive seasons . Gronkowski returned to practice in Week 15 , and participated in the Week 17 game against the Miami Dolphins , scoring a touchdown . He re-injured his left arm in the first quarter of the Patriots ' first playoff game , against the Houston Texans . He required another operation , and missed the remainder of the playoff . In 11 games in the 2012 season , Gronkowski had 790 receiving yards and 11 touchdowns .\",\n \"In February 2013 , Gronkowski was diagnosed with an infection in his forearm . He underwent an open procedure -- the third on his forearm -- in an effort to clear the infection ; he was subsequently placed on a course of antibiotics . On May 20 , 2013 , Gronkowski underwent a fourth surgery on his forearm to replace the hardware implanted in the second procedure and perform tissue biopsies . ESPN 's Adam Schefter reported that doctors were encouraged the infection had finally resolved . On June 18 , 2013 , Gronkowski underwent back surgery . He was cleared to play for the October 20 , 2013 , game against the New York Jets . During a game against the Cleveland Browns on December 8 , 2013 , Gronkowski suffered a right knee injury after a direct hit from safety T.J. Ward . Gronkowski tore his ACL and MCL , which prematurely ended his 2013 season . In 7 games ( 6 starts ) , Gronkowski produced 592 receiving yards and 4 touchdowns .\",\n \"In his first game back from ACL / MCL surgery , Gronkowski managed to catch four passes for 40 yards and a touchdown against the Miami Dolphins in a losing effort , 33 -- 20 . He played on limited snaps as the Patriots worked him back to full strength slowly . Against the Minnesota Vikings in Week 2 , Gronkowski logged another 4 receptions for 32 yards in a 30 -- 7 win . Against the Raiders in Week 3 , Gronkowski caught 3 balls for 44 yards and his second touchdown of the season , and the only touchdown scored in the Patriots ' 16 -- 9 victory . Through Week 3 , Gronkowski logged 1 start , 11 receptions , 116 receiving yards , and 2 touchdowns on only 109 offensive snaps ( 42 % of the team 's offensive total ) . Gronkowski broke out in Week 8 against the Bears , catching 9 passes for 149 yards and 3 touchdowns . In week 14 against the San Diego Chargers , Gronkowski became the first tight end in NFL history to catch at least 10 touchdowns in four separate seasons . Gronkowski was a major factor in the Patriots ' 28 - 24 Super Bowl XLIX win over the Seattle Seahawks , recording 6 catches for 68 yards and a touchdown late in the second quarter . Gronkowski was fined twice this season , once for `` unnecessary roughness '' against Indianapolis Colts safety Sergio Brown , and the other time occurring during Super Bowl XLIX . Gronkowski , among three others , was fined $8,628 for `` striking an opponent . ''\",\n \"Gronkowski was named to his third Pro Bowl and was the unanimous choice for tight end on the 2014 All - Pro Team , receiving all 50 votes . At the 2015 ESPY Awards , Gronkowski won the Comeback of the Year award for his 2014 season .\",\n \"During the Patriots ' home opener on Thursday Night Football against the Pittsburgh Steelers on September 10 , 2015 , Gronkowski caught five passes for 94 yards , scoring three of the Patriots ' four touchdowns in their 28 -- 21 victory . The three - touchdown performance was the third in Gronkowski 's career , one shy of wide receiver Randy Moss 's team record of four . It also made Gronkowski the first player in NFL history with multiple three - touchdown - reception games against the Steelers . Through the Patriots ' first six games , all victories , Gronkowski recorded 34 receptions for 533 yards and six touchdowns . He added 113 yards and a touchdown on October 29 in a 36 -- 7 win over the Miami Dolphins . In the Patriots ' first loss of the season , on November 29 , 2015 , against the Denver Broncos , Gronkowski had to be carted off the field after a right knee injury in the fourth quarter . Initial reports said that the injury appeared to be less serious than it originally looked .\",\n \"After missing a week , Gronkowski returned for the Patriots ' December 13 game against the Houston Texans . He caught four passes for 87 yards and a touchdown , for a total of 10 touchdowns and 1,018 yards on the season . The Patriots won , 27 -- 6 , to snap a two - game losing streak .\",\n \"On December 20 , Gronkowski caught five passes for 54 yards and one touchdown in a 33 -- 16 win over the Tennessee Titans . He dedicated the touchdown to his friend Dana Parenteau , who had died at the age of 43 two days earlier .\",\n \"In the Patriots ' 27 -- 20 win over the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Divisional Round , Gronkowski caught seven passes for 83 yards and two touchdowns . In the AFC Championship , a 20 -- 18 loss to the Denver Broncos , Gronkowski led all receivers with 8 catches for 144 yards and a touchdown . Gronkowski had the Patriots ' final touchdown to put the Patriots within two points , but the resulting two - point conversion was unsuccessful .\",\n \"Gronkowski was selected to the Pro Bowl and to the AP All - Pro first team for the fourth time in his career ; he led all non-quarterbacks in fan voting for the Pro Bowl , and received 48 of 50 All - Pro votes at tight end . He was ranked as the ninth best player on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016 .\",\n \"Gronkowski missed the first two games of the 2016 season due to a hamstring injury and was limited in his next two games . Against the Buffalo Bills in Week 8 , Gronkowski scored the 69th regular - season touchdown of his career , which was also his 68th receiving touchdown . The touchdown broke both Patriots franchise records set by Stanley Morgan . In Week 10 against the Seattle Seahawks , he took a big hit to the chest by Earl Thomas which was initially thought to be a punctured lung but turned out to be a pulmonary contusion , keeping him out in Week 11 . In Week 12 against the New York Jets , he suffered a back injury , which needed surgery to repair a herniated disk , and was out for the season . He was officially placed on injured reserve on December 3 , 2016 after having surgery the previous day . He finished the season with 25 receptions on 38 targets for 540 yards and three touchdowns . His 21.6 yards per reception ranked first among NFL tight ends in 2016 . Gronkowski was on injured reserve when the Patriots won Super Bowl LI on February 5 , 2017 . In the game , the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34 -- 28 , earning Gronkowski his second Super Bowl championship . Despite missing eight games , Gronkowski was still ranked 23rd by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 .\",\n \"Gronkowski began the 2017 season healthy after missing much of the previous season on the injured reserve list . Gronkowski injured his groin during a Week 2 victory over the New Orleans Saints , leaving the game early , but the injury did not result in missing any further games . Before the injury , he had recorded six receptions for 116 yards and a touchdown . By the end of Week 4 , he was occupying his familiar role as the team leader in receptions and receiving yardage , but a thigh contusion suffered in practice prior to the Thursday Night Football game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 5 caused him to miss that game entirely .\",\n \"During Week 13 against the Buffalo Bills , Gronkowski had 9 receptions for 147 receiving yards as the Patriots won 23 -- 3 . However , after Bills rookie cornerback Tre'Davious White intercepted a pass intended for Gronkowski during the fourth quarter , he responded by body slamming White , drawing a personal foul penalty and giving White a concussion . Gronkowski was upset , claiming that White should have been flagged for a pass interference penalty . On December 4 , the day after the game , Gronkowski was suspended for one game for his hit on White . The next day , December 5 , the NFL denied Gronkowski 's appeal of the one - game suspension . With Gronkowski suspended for the Miami Dolphins game , the Patriots lost 20 - 27 . The following week in Week 15 against the Steelers , Gronkowski caught nine passes for a career - high 168 yards in a 27 - 24 win in Pittsburgh . This marked the 26th game in Gronkowski 's eight - year career that he 's totaled 100 yards receiving , as the only tight end with more 100 - yard games in a career is Tony Gonzalez with 31 . He also eclipsed the 1,000 - yard mark on the season , his fourth in his career , joining Gonzalez and Jason Witten as the only NFL tight ends with four 1,000 - yard seasons .\",\n \"Receiving Rushing Fumbles Record Year Team GS Rec Yds Avg Lng TD Att Yds Avg Lng TD Fum Lost W -- L NE 16 11 42 546 13.0 28 10 0 0 -- -- 0 10 - 1 2011 NE 16 16 90 1,327 14.7 52T 17 2.0 2T 0 0 13 - 3 2012 NE 11 11 55 790 14.4 41 11 0 0 -- -- 0 8 - 3 2013 NE 7 6 39 592 15.2 50 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 4 - 2 2014 NE 15 10 82 1,124 13.7 46T 12 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 8 - 2 2015 NE 15 15 72 1,176 16.3 76T 11 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 12 - 3 2016 NE 8 6 25 540 21.6 53 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 5 - 1 2017 NE 12 12 64 1,017 15.9 53T 7 0 0 -- -- 0 0 10 - 2 Career 100 87 469 7,112 15.2 76 75 2.0 70 - 17\",\n \"Receiving Rushing Fumbles Record\",\n \"Year Team GS Rec Yds Avg Lng TD Att Yds Avg Lng TD Fum Lost W -- L\",\n \"NE 16 11 42 546 13.0 28 10 0 0 -- -- 0 10 - 1\",\n \"2011 NE 16 16 90 1,327 14.7 52T 17 2.0 2T 0 0 13 - 3\",\n \"2012 NE 11 11 55 790 14.4 41 11 0 0 -- -- 0 8 - 3\",\n \"2013 NE 7 6 39 592 15.2 50 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 4 - 2\",\n \"2014 NE 15 10 82 1,124 13.7 46T 12 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 8 - 2\",\n \"2015 NE 15 15 72 1,176 16.3 76T 11 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 12 - 3\",\n \"2016 NE 8 6 25 540 21.6 53 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 5 - 1\",\n \"2017 NE 12 12 64 1,017 15.9 53T 7 0 0 -- -- 0 0 10 - 2\",\n \"Career 100 87 469 7,112 15.2 76 75 2.0 70 - 17\",\n \"Career statistics accurate as of week 15 of the 2017 season . Bold indicates career high ,\",\n \"Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers ) Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos ) Most touchdown receptions by a tight end , season : 17 ( 2011 ) Most touchdowns by a tight end , season : 18 ( 2011 ) First tight end to lead the league in receiving touchdowns ( 2011 ) Most receiving yards by a tight end , season : 1,327 ( 2011 ) Most offensive touchdowns in first two seasons : 28 ( Tied with Randy Moss ) Seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 5 ( 2010 -- 12 , 2014 -- 15 ) Consecutive seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 3 ( 2010 -- 12 ) First tight end to have 3 seasons with 10 + touchdowns and 1,000 + receiving yards ( 2011 , 2014 -- 15 ) Most career postseason receiving touchdowns by a tight end : 9 Most seasons of 1000 + yards receiving by a tight end : 4 ( tied with Tony Gonzalez and Jason Witten\",\n \"Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers )\",\n \"Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos )\",\n \"Most touchdown receptions by a tight end , season : 17 ( 2011 )\",\n \"Most touchdowns by a tight end , season : 18 ( 2011 )\",\n \"First tight end to lead the league in receiving touchdowns ( 2011 )\",\n \"Most receiving yards by a tight end , season : 1,327 ( 2011 )\",\n \"Most offensive touchdowns in first two seasons : 28 ( Tied with Randy Moss )\",\n \"Seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 5 ( 2010 -- 12 , 2014 -- 15 )\",\n \"Consecutive seasons with 10 + touchdowns by a tight end : 3 ( 2010 -- 12 )\",\n \"First tight end to have 3 seasons with 10 + touchdowns and 1,000 + receiving yards ( 2011 , 2014 -- 15 )\",\n \"Most career postseason receiving touchdowns by a tight end : 9\",\n \"Most seasons of 1000 + yards receiving by a tight end : 4 ( tied with Tony Gonzalez and Jason Witten\",\n \"Most games with 100 + receiving yards by a tight end : 25 Highest receiving yards per game average for a tight end ( season ) : 82.9 ( 2011 ) Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers ) Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos ) Most career touchdown receptions : 75\",\n \"Most games with 100 + receiving yards by a tight end : 25\",\n \"Highest receiving yards per game average for a tight end ( season ) : 82.9 ( 2011 )\",\n \"Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game : 21 years , 214 days ( 2010 , vs. Pittsburgh Steelers )\",\n \"Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game , playoffs : 22 years , 275 days ( 2011 playoffs , vs. Denver Broncos )\",\n \"Most career touchdown receptions : 75\",\n \"In March 2012 , Gronkowski signed a two - year deal with Dunkin ' Donuts to endorse their products and appear in radio and television spots .\",\n \"In August 2012 , Gronkowski became an investor and sponsor of the premium sports drink , Bodyarmor SuperDrink .\",\n \"In September 2012 , PLB Sports produced a frosted corn flakes cereal named Gronk Flakes that was sold in New England at Stop & Shop supermarkets . Gronk Flakes are made by the same company that produced Flutie Flakes . A portion of proceeds will benefit the Gronk Nation Youth Foundation .\",\n \"In January 2015 , Gronkowski teamed up with opendorse to promote a Zynga mobile application called `` NFL Showdown : Football Manager '' .\",\n \"In his book , It 's Good to be Gronk ! , Gronkowski has written that he has n't spent any of his money he has earned through his NFL contracts and strictly lives off the earnings from his endorsement deals and appearance fees . His salary over the first five years was over $10.0 million .\",\n \"In April 2016 , Gronkowski launched with Monster Energy a signature `` Gronk '' beverage that will be distributed by Coca - Cola .\",\n \"In May 2016 , EA Sports announced that Gronkowski , who finished second to New York Giants wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. in fan voting for the cover of its Madden NFL 16 , would be the cover athlete for Madden NFL 17 ; no vote was held .\",\n \"Gronkowski is the second youngest of five brothers , all of whom played collegiate sports . The eldest , Gordie Jr. , played baseball at Jacksonville University , and played several years of affiliated and independent league baseball , last appearing professionally for the Southern Illinois Miners of the Frontier League in 2011 . Dan played as a tight end at Maryland and was selected in the 2009 NFL Draft , he played for five years in the NFL . Chris played football for two years at the University of Maryland before transferring to Arizona and playing for four seasons in the NFL . The youngest brother , Glenn , was also a fullback for the Patriots . Rob also played hockey until he was 14 ; then he started playing basketball .\",\n \"Gronkowski is known for his fun - loving personality , with Patriots quarterback Tom Brady being quoted as saying `` Gronk is a one of a kind person , player and friend . He is one of the most positive people I have ever been around and he loves to have fun . What you see is what you get and whether he is dancing , singing , laughing , or spiking , he is true to himself . '' Gronkowski said that partying improves his playing abilities , noting , `` You go out and get refreshed , and it just makes you want to go back out on that practice field and keep going hard . ''\",\n \"Gronkowski appeared as fictionalized versions of himself in the 2015 film Entourage and a 2017 episode of the 15th season of Family Guy , and has a role in the 2017 American crime - drama thriller film American Violence . Gronkowski made an appearance at WWE 's WrestleMania 33 , jumping the barricade and helping real - life friend Mojo Rawley win the Andre The Giant Memorial Battle Royal .\",\n \"He is of Polish origin , among with some English and some German origin . < ref > ( 1 )\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"Rob Gronkowski - Wikipedia Rob Gronkowski Jump to: navigation , search Rob Gronkowski Gronkowski with the Patriots in 2017 No. 87 -- New England Patriots Position: Tight end Born: ( 1989-05-14 ) May 14, 1989 (age 28) Amherst, New York Height: 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) Weight: 265 lb (120 kg) Career information High school: Churchill (PA) Woodland Hills College: Arizona NFL Draft: 2010 / Round: 2 / Pick: 42 Career history New England Patriots ( 2010 -- present) Roster status: Active Career highlights and awards 2× Super Bowl champion ( XLIX , LI ) 4× Pro Bowl ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) 4× First-team All-Pro ( 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 ) NFL Comeback Player of the Year (2014) NFL receiving touchdowns leader (2011) Career NFL statistics as of Week 15, 2017 Receptions: 469 Receiving yards: 7,112 Receiving touchdowns: 75 Player stats at NFL.com Robert Gronkowski (born May 14, 1989) is an American football tight end for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona , winning several awards, including being named a Sporting News and Rivals.com freshman All-American. The Patriots drafted Gronkowski with the 42nd pick in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft . In 2011 , Gronkowski set the single-season record for touchdowns by a tight end with 17 receiving touchdowns (and 18 overall), as well as the single-season record for receiving yards by a tight end, with 1,327. That season, he became the first tight end in NFL history to lead the league in receiving touchdowns. In his first six seasons, he had 68 receiving touchdowns; only two tight ends in NFL history have had more in their entire careers. He has achieved four Pro Bowl selections and four All-Pro selections, and was a starter in the Patriots' Super Bowl XLIX victory. Contents ( hide ) 1 Early years 2 College career 2.1 College statistics 3 Professional career 3.1 2010 season 3.2 2011 season 3.2.1 2011 postseason 3.3 2012 season 3.4 2013 season 3.5 2014 season 3.6 2015 season 3.7 2016 season 3.8 2017 season 3.9 Career statistics 3.10 NFL records 3.11 Patriots franchise records 4 Sponsorships and endorsements 5 Personal life and family 6 References 7 External links Early years ( edit ) Robert Paxton Gronkowski was born in Amherst, New York on May 14, 1989 and raised in Williamsville, New York . He attended Williamsville North High School for three years. Gronkowski played football, as a tight end, and basketball , as a center , for the Spartans athletic teams. As a junior playing football, he recorded 36 receptions for 648 yards and seven touchdowns on offense, and 73 tackles and six sacks on defense. He was named an All-Western New York first-team and All-State second-team player. In 2006, Gronkowski moved to suburban Pittsburgh , where he attended Woodland Hills High School in Churchill as a senior. Initially ruled ineligible by the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League, he recorded eight receptions for 152 yards and four touchdowns at Woodland Hills, after the ruling of ineligibility was overturned. He was named a SuperPrep All-American, PrepStar All-American, Associated Press Class 4-A all-state, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette `` Fabulous 22'' , Pittsburgh Post-Gazette first-team all-conference, The Patriot-News ( Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ) `` Platinum 33'' , and a Pittsburgh Tribune-Review `` Terrific 25'' player. He was recruited by Kentucky , Arizona, Clemson , Louisville , Maryland , Ohio State , and Syracuse . College career ( edit ) After graduating high school, Gronkowski attended the University of Arizona and played for the Arizona Wildcats football team from 2007 to 2009. As a freshman in 2007, he recorded 28 receptions for 525 yards and six touchdowns. His 18.8 yards per reception average was the best on the team and his receiving yards were a school record for a tight end. He was named The Sporting News freshman All-American, Rivals.com freshman All-American, The Sporting News freshman Pac-10 , and All-Pac-10 honorable mention player. Gronkowski missed the first three games of the 2008 season , but later recorded 47 receptions for 672 yards and a team-best ten touchdowns. Five of his touchdowns were scored in his first two games. He twice was named the John Mackey National Tight End of the Week, including his performance in a failed comeback bid against Oregon , when he caught 12 passes for 143 yards. He set the school records for a tight end for single-game, single-season, and career receptions, yards, and touchdowns. Gronkowski was named an Associated Press third-team All-American and All-Pac-10 first-team tight end. Prior to the 2009 season, Gronkowski was placed on the watchlist for the Lombardi Award , which is awarded to the most outstanding college football lineman or linebacker. He missed his junior season in 2009 due to back surgery, which caused his draft stock to fall. College Statistics ( edit ) Receiving Year Team GP Rec Yards TDs 2007 Arizona 12 28 525 6 2008 Arizona 10 47 672 10 College Totals 22 75 1,197 16 Source: Professional career ( edit ) Pre-draft measurables Ht Wt Arm length Hand size 40‐ yd dash 10-yd split 20-yd split 20‐ ss 3‐ cone Vert jump Broad BP 6 ft 6 ⁄ in (1.99 m) 259 lb (117 kg) 34 ⁄ in (0.87 m) 10 ⁄ in (0.27 m) 4.68 s 1.58 s 2.68 s 4.47 s 7.18 s 35 in (0.89 m) 9 ft 11 in (3.02 m) 23 reps All values from Arizona Pro Day, except measurements and BP (from the NFL Combine ). Did not participate in most combine events due to a back injury. Gronkowski was drafted by the New England Patriots in the second round (42nd overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft , after a draft day trade with the Oakland Raiders ; in pre-draft evaluations revealed in May 2016, Raiders scouts had rated Gronkowski as the `` best all-around player in the draft.'' He signed a four-year contract on July 25, 2010. The deal was worth $4.4 million, with a $1.76 million signing bonus. 2010 season ( edit ) During the preseason, Gronkowski was one of three NFL players to score four touchdowns, tying Victor Cruz , a rookie wide receiver for the New York Giants , and Anthony Dixon , a running back for the San Francisco 49ers . In the Week 1 game against Cincinnati , Gronkowski caught his first regular season touchdown in the fourth quarter on a one-yard pass from Tom Brady . In a Week 10 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers , Gronkowski caught three touchdown passes from Brady, becoming the first rookie in Patriots history, and the youngest rookie in NFL history to accomplish the feat. (In honor of the feat, Madden NFL 12 has a `` Rob Gronkowski Award'' for players who have a tight end catch three or more touchdowns in a single game.) Visiting his home city of Buffalo in Week 16, Gronkowski caught two touchdowns against the Buffalo Bills , and added a touchdown in the season finale to give him 10 on the season; in 16 games played (11 starts), Gronkowski caught 42 passes for 546 yards. Despite missing his entire 2009 college season following back surgery, Gronkowski did not miss a single game or practice all season; he was the first rookie tight end since the NFL-AFL merger to score 10 touchdowns. Gronkowski was nominated three times for Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week , in Weeks 10, 14, and 17, winning twice and losing in Week 10 to Tim Tebow . Gronkowski also finished fifth in fan balloting at tight end for the 2011 Pro Bowl , and fourth overall among rookies. Gronkowski also received one writer's vote for the Associated Press 2010 All-Pro Team (writers only vote for one tight end). 2011 season ( edit ) Gronkowski (#87) in a 2011 game against the Indianapolis Colts . Gronkowski caught his first touchdown of the 2011 season on a 10-yard pass from Tom Brady in the Patriots' Week 1 victory over the Miami Dolphins ; Gronkowski's 6 catches accounted for 86 of Brady's franchise record 517 yards. In Week 11, Gronkowski caught two touchdown passes, including a career-long 52-yard catch and run, to equal his 2010 TD total in just ten games; he passed his reception and yardage totals from 2010 in only eight games. Through Week 11, Gronkowski led all tight ends with 10 touchdowns; his 20 touchdowns were the most ever for a tight end in his first two seasons. His reception and receiving yardage totals both ranked second among tight ends (after Jimmy Graham of the New Orleans Saints ), and in the top ten among all receivers, though they only ranked second on the Patriots, behind wide receiver Wes Welker . Gronkowski broke the NFL record for touchdowns scored in a single season by a tight end when he had the second three-TD game of his career in the Patriots' Week 13 victory against the Indianapolis Colts . After scoring two TDs on receptions from Tom Brady, Gronkowski scored a third touchdown from 2 yards out. Initially declared a forward pass, the pass was later ruled a lateral pass , which is recorded as a rushing attempt; it was the first rushing attempt of Gronkowski's career, and his first rushing touchdown. It was also the first rushing touchdown by a tight end since Bo Scaife did it in 2006, and the first in Patriots history. At game's end, Gronkowski had sole possession of the touchdown scoring record, with 14, and shared the record for receiving touchdowns, 13, with Antonio Gates and Vernon Davis . Gronkowski took sole possession of the TE receiving record a week later against the Washington Redskins , in which he caught his 14th and 15th touchdown passes of the season; in total, he had six receptions for a career-high 160 yards. His performance also earned him his first AFC Offensive Player of the Week award, and, for the second week in a row, NFL.com's `` Hardest Working Man'' award. He ended the season with 1,327 receiving yards, breaking the previous NFL record for a tight end of 1,310 set by Jimmy Graham of the Saints earlier that same day. He also finished with 18 total touchdowns, 17 receiving-- both NFL records for tight ends. Gronkowski's 18 touchdowns were the second-highest total in the NFL (after Philadelphia's LeSean McCoy , who had 20), and equaled the output of the entire St. Louis Rams team. His 17 receiving touchdowns were the most of any NFL player in 2011, marking the first time in NFL history a tight end had sole possession of the league lead. Gronkowski was voted the starting tight end for the AFC at the 2012 Pro Bowl . One of eight Patriots players voted to the Pro Bowl, he finished fan voting with 936,886 votes, more than triple the number received by the number two tight end, Gronkowski's teammate Aaron Hernandez , and the third-highest total of any AFC player, behind teammates Tom Brady and Wes Welker . He was also voted the tight end for the AP All-Pro first team, receiving 441⁄2of the 50 votes (44 voters voted for Gronkowski; 5 voters voted for Jimmy Graham , and one voter split a vote between the two). 2011 post-season ( edit ) In the Patriots' first playoff game, a 45-- 10 rout of the Denver Broncos in the Divisional round, Gronkowski tied an NFL post-season record, catching three touchdown passes as part of a 10-catch, 145-yard effort. Gronkowski alone had more catches than the entire Broncos offense, as quarterback Tim Tebow completed just 9 of 26 passes. For the second playoff game, a 23-- 20 win over the Baltimore Ravens , Gronkowski suffered a high ankle sprain on a tackle by Ravens safety Bernard Pollard ; the status of his ankle was one of the major story lines in the run-up to Super Bowl XLVI . But, Gronkowski still managed to finish with 5 receptions for 87 yards. In Super Bowl XLVI, the Patriots decided to start Gronkowski, but he wasn't a large factor in the game. With only a few seconds left in the Super Bowl XLVI, Gronkowski had a chance on Tom Brady's Hail Mary as time expired, but his dive for the ball came up short. Gronkowski finished the game with 2 receptions for 26 yards, which was his lowest output since early October. The Patriots lost the Super Bowl to the New York Giants , 21-- 17. A few days after the Super Bowl, Gronkowski had an MRI of his injured ankle that revealed strained ligaments and required surgery to repair. 2012 season ( edit ) Gronkowski during the 2013 season On June 8, 2012, Gronkowski signed a six-year, $54 million contract extension, the largest ever for an NFL tight end. The contract included an $8 million signing bonus, but otherwise left the 2012 and 2013 seasons of his rookie contract intact. Gronkowski broke his left forearm late in the fourth quarter during an extra point in the Patriots' 59-24 victory in Week 11 over the Indianapolis Colts . Before doing so, however, he became the third tight end in NFL history (after Tony Gonzalez and Antonio Gates ) to achieve three seasons with at least 10 touchdown receptions, and the first ever to do it in consecutive seasons. Gronkowski returned to practice in Week 15, and participated in the Week 17 game against the Miami Dolphins, scoring a touchdown. He re-injured his left arm in the first quarter of the Patriots' first playoff game, against the Houston Texans . He required another operation, and missed the remainder of the playoff. In 11 games in the 2012 season, Gronkowski had 790 receiving yards and 11 touchdowns. Gronkowski in 2013 2013 season ( edit ) In February 2013, Gronkowski was diagnosed with an infection in his forearm. He underwent an open procedure-- the third on his forearm-- in an effort to clear the infection; he was subsequently placed on a course of antibiotics. On May 20, 2013, Gronkowski underwent a fourth surgery on his forearm to replace the hardware implanted in the second procedure and perform tissue biopsies. ESPN's Adam Schefter reported that doctors were encouraged the infection had finally resolved. On June 18, 2013, Gronkowski underwent back surgery. He was cleared to play for the October 20, 2013, game against the New York Jets . During a game against the Cleveland Browns on December 8, 2013, Gronkowski suffered a right knee injury after a direct hit from safety T.J. Ward . Gronkowski tore his ACL and MCL , which prematurely ended his 2013 season. In 7 games (6 starts), Gronkowski produced 592 receiving yards and 4 touchdowns. 2014 season ( edit ) In his first game back from ACL/MCL surgery, Gronkowski managed to catch four passes for 40 yards and a touchdown against the Miami Dolphins in a losing effort, 33-- 20. He played on limited snaps as the Patriots worked him back to full strength slowly. Against the Minnesota Vikings in Week 2, Gronkowski logged another 4 receptions for 32 yards in a 30-- 7 win. Against the Raiders in Week 3, Gronkowski caught 3 balls for 44 yards and his second touchdown of the season, and the only touchdown scored in the Patriots' 16-- 9 victory. Through Week 3, Gronkowski logged 1 start, 11 receptions, 116 receiving yards, and 2 touchdowns on only 109 offensive snaps (42% of the team's offensive total). Gronkowski broke out in Week 8 against the Bears, catching 9 passes for 149 yards and 3 touchdowns. In week 14 against the San Diego Chargers, Gronkowski became the first tight end in NFL history to catch at least 10 touchdowns in four separate seasons. Gronkowski was a major factor in the Patriots' 28-24 Super Bowl XLIX win over the Seattle Seahawks , recording 6 catches for 68 yards and a touchdown late in the second quarter. Gronkowski was fined twice this season, once for `` unnecessary roughness'' against Indianapolis Colts safety Sergio Brown , and the other time occurring during Super Bowl XLIX. Gronkowski, among three others, was fined $8,628 for `` striking an opponent.'' Gronkowski was named to his third Pro Bowl and was the unanimous choice for tight end on the 2014 All-Pro Team , receiving all 50 votes. At the 2015 ESPY Awards , Gronkowski won the Comeback of the Year award for his 2014 season. 2015 season ( edit ) During the Patriots' home opener on Thursday Night Football against the Pittsburgh Steelers on September 10, 2015, Gronkowski caught five passes for 94 yards, scoring three of the Patriots' four touchdowns in their 28-- 21 victory. The three-touchdown performance was the third in Gronkowski's career, one shy of wide receiver Randy Moss 's team record of four. It also made Gronkowski the first player in NFL history with multiple three-touchdown-reception games against the Steelers. Through the Patriots' first six games, all victories, Gronkowski recorded 34 receptions for 533 yards and six touchdowns. He added 113 yards and a touchdown on October 29 in a 36-- 7 win over the Miami Dolphins . In the Patriots' first loss of the season, on November 29, 2015, against the Denver Broncos , Gronkowski had to be carted off the field after a right knee injury in the fourth quarter. Initial reports said that the injury appeared to be less serious than it originally looked. After missing a week, Gronkowski returned for the Patriots' December 13 game against the Houston Texans . He caught four passes for 87 yards and a touchdown, for a total of 10 touchdowns and 1,018 yards on the season. The Patriots won, 27-- 6, to snap a two-game losing streak. On December 20, Gronkowski caught five passes for 54 yards and one touchdown in a 33-- 16 win over the Tennessee Titans . He dedicated the touchdown to his friend Dana Parenteau, who had died at the age of 43 two days earlier. In the Patriots' 27-- 20 win over the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Divisional Round, Gronkowski caught seven passes for 83 yards and two touchdowns. In the AFC Championship, a 20-- 18 loss to the Denver Broncos , Gronkowski led all receivers with 8 catches for 144 yards and a touchdown. Gronkowski had the Patriots' final touchdown to put the Patriots within two points, but the resulting two-point conversion was unsuccessful. Gronkowski was selected to the Pro Bowl and to the AP All-Pro first team for the fourth time in his career; he led all non-quarterbacks in fan voting for the Pro Bowl, and received 48 of 50 All-Pro votes at tight end. He was ranked as the ninth best player on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016 . 2016 season ( edit ) Gronkowski missed the first two games of the 2016 season due to a hamstring injury and was limited in his next two games. Against the Buffalo Bills in Week 8, Gronkowski scored the 69th regular-season touchdown of his career, which was also his 68th receiving touchdown. The touchdown broke both Patriots franchise records set by Stanley Morgan . In Week 10 against the Seattle Seahawks , he took a big hit to the chest by Earl Thomas which was initially thought to be a punctured lung but turned out to be a pulmonary contusion , keeping him out in Week 11. In Week 12 against the New York Jets, he suffered a back injury, which needed surgery to repair a herniated disk, and was out for the season. He was officially placed on injured reserve on December 3, 2016 after having surgery the previous day. He finished the season with 25 receptions on 38 targets for 540 yards and three touchdowns. His 21.6 yards per reception ranked first among NFL tight ends in 2016. Gronkowski was on injured reserve when the Patriots won Super Bowl LI on February 5, 2017. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34-- 28, earning Gronkowski his second Super Bowl championship. Despite missing eight games, Gronkowski was still ranked 23rd by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 . 2017 season ( edit ) Gronkowski began the 2017 season healthy after missing much of the previous season on the injured reserve list. Gronkowski injured his groin during a Week 2 victory over the New Orleans Saints , leaving the game early, but the injury did not result in missing any further games. Before the injury, he had recorded six receptions for 116 yards and a touchdown. By the end of Week 4, he was occupying his familiar role as the team leader in receptions and receiving yardage, but a thigh contusion suffered in practice prior to the Thursday Night Football game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 5 caused him to miss that game entirely. During Week 13 against the Buffalo Bills , Gronkowski had 9 receptions for 147 receiving yards as the Patriots won 23-- 3. However, after Bills rookie cornerback Tre'Davious White intercepted a pass intended for Gronkowski during the fourth quarter, he responded by body slamming White, drawing a personal foul penalty and giving White a concussion. Gronkowski was upset, claiming that White should have been flagged for a pass interference penalty. On December 4, the day after the game, Gronkowski was suspended for one game for his hit on White. The next day, December 5, the NFL denied Gronkowski's appeal of the one-game suspension. With Gronkowski suspended for the Miami Dolphins game, the Patriots lost 20-27. The following week in Week 15 against the Steelers, Gronkowski caught nine passes for a career-high 168 yards in a 27-24 win in Pittsburgh. This marked the 26th game in Gronkowski's eight-year career that he's totaled 100 yards receiving, as the only tight end with more 100-yard games in a career is Tony Gonzalez with 31. He also eclipsed the 1,000-yard mark on the season, his fourth in his career, joining Gonzalez and Jason Witten as the only NFL tight ends with four 1,000-yard seasons. Career statistics ( edit ) Receiving Rushing Fumbles Record Year Team GS Rec Yds Avg Lng TD Att Yds Avg Lng TD Fum Lost W-- L NE 16 11 42 546 13.0 28 10 0 0 -- -- 0 10-1 2011 NE 16 16 90 1,327 14.7 52T 17 2.0 2T 0 0 13-3 2012 NE 11 11 55 790 14.4 41 11 0 0 -- -- 0 8-3 2013 NE 7 6 39 592 15.2 50 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 4-2 2014 NE 15 10 82 1,124 13.7 46T 12 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 8-2 2015 NE 15 15 72 1,176 16.3 76T 11 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 12-3 2016 NE 8 6 25 540 21.6 53 0 0 -- -- 0 0 0 5-1 2017 NE 12 12 64 1,017 15.9 53T 7 0 0 -- -- 0 0 10-2 Career 100 87 469 7,112 15.2 76 75 2.0 70-17 Career statistics accurate as of week 15 of the 2017 season. Bold indicates career high, NFL records ( edit ) Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game: 21 years, 214 days (2010, vs. Pittsburgh Steelers ) Youngest player with 3 touchdown receptions in a game, playoffs: 22 years, 275 days (2011 playoffs, vs. Denver Broncos ) Most touchdown receptions by a tight end, season: 17 (2011) Most touchdowns by a tight end, season: 18 (2011) First tight end to lead the league in receiving touchdowns (2011) Most receiving yards by a tight end, season: 1,327 (2011) Most offensive touchdowns in first two seasons: 28 (Tied with Randy Moss ) Seasons with 10+ touchdowns by a tight end: 5 (2010-- 12, 2014-- 15) Consecutive seasons with 10+ touchdowns by a tight end: 3 (2010-- 12) First tight end to have 3 seasons with 10+ touchdowns and 1,000+ receiving yards (2011, 2014-- 15) Most career postseason receiving touchdowns by a tight end: 9 Most seasons of 1000+ yards receiving by a tight end: 4 (tied with Tony Gonzalez and Jason Witten Patriots franchise records ( edit ) Most games with 100+ receiving yards by a tight end: 25 Highest receiving yards per game average for a tight end (season): 82.9 (2011) Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game: 21 years, 214 days (2010, vs. Pittsburgh Steelers) Youngest Patriot with 3 touchdown receptions in a game, playoffs: 22 years, 275 days (2011 playoffs, vs. Denver Broncos) Most career touchdown receptions: 75 Sponsorships and Endorsements ( edit ) Gronkowski in 2015 In March 2012, Gronkowski signed a two-year deal with Dunkin' Donuts to endorse their products and appear in radio and television spots. In August 2012, Gronkowski became an investor and sponsor of the premium sports drink, Bodyarmor SuperDrink . In September 2012, PLB Sports produced a frosted corn flakes cereal named Gronk Flakes that was sold in New England at Stop & Shop supermarkets. Gronk Flakes are made by the same company that produced Flutie Flakes . A portion of proceeds will benefit the Gronk Nation Youth Foundation. In January 2015, Gronkowski teamed up with opendorse to promote a Zynga mobile application called `` NFL Showdown: Football Manager'' . In his book, It's Good to be Gronk! , Gronkowski has written that he hasn't spent any of his money he has earned through his NFL contracts and strictly lives off the earnings from his endorsement deals and appearance fees. His salary over the first five years was over $10.0 million. In April 2016, Gronkowski launched with Monster Energy a signature `` Gronk'' beverage that will be distributed by Coca-Cola . In May 2016, EA Sports announced that Gronkowski, who finished second to New York Giants wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. in fan voting for the cover of its Madden NFL 16 , would be the cover athlete for Madden NFL 17 ; no vote was held. Personal life and family ( edit ) Gronkowski is the second youngest of five brothers, all of whom played collegiate sports. The eldest, Gordie Jr., played baseball at Jacksonville University , and played several years of affiliated and independent league baseball, last appearing professionally for the Southern Illinois Miners of the Frontier League in 2011. Dan played as a tight end at Maryland and was selected in the 2009 NFL Draft , he played for five years in the NFL. Chris played football for two years at the University of Maryland before transferring to Arizona and playing for four seasons in the NFL. The youngest brother, Glenn , was also a fullback for the Patriots. Rob also played hockey until he was 14; then he started playing basketball. Gronkowski is known for his fun-loving personality, with Patriots quarterback Tom Brady being quoted as saying `` Gronk is a one of a kind person, player and friend. He is one of the most positive people I have ever been around and he loves to have fun. What you see is what you get and whether he is dancing, singing, laughing, or spiking, he is true to himself.'' Gronkowski said that partying improves his playing abilities, noting, `` You go out and get refreshed, and it just makes you want to go back out on that practice field and keep going hard.'' Gronkowski appeared as fictionalized versions of himself in the 2015 film Entourage and a 2017 episode of the 15th season of Family Guy , and has a role in the 2017 American crime-drama thriller film American Violence . Gronkowski made an appearance at WWE 's WrestleMania 33 , jumping the barricade and helping real-life friend Mojo Rawley win the Andre The Giant Memorial Battle Royal . He is of Polish origin, among with some English and some German origin. < ref> (1) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Hanzus, Dan (March 31, 2015). `` Gronk pines for wife who cooks, cleans, makes big cash'' . NFL . Retrieved November 16, 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski'' . NFL . Retrieved November 16, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: `` Player Bio: Rob Gronkowski'' . University of Arizona . Archived from the original on April 24, 2009 . Retrieved 2009-04-30 . Jump up ^ White, Mike (2006-08-26). `` WPIAL benches high school football transfer'' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Retrieved 2010-11-17 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski Profile'' . Scout.com . Retrieved 2009-04-30 . Jump up ^ `` Gronkowski on Early National Radar'' . University of Arizona . 2009-03-02 . Retrieved 2010-04-27 . Jump up ^ `` Latest Rob Gronkowski injury reminder to appreciate what he does now, as he can't last forever'' . September 15, 2016 . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . 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Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski - New England Patriots - National Football League - Yahoo! Sports'' . Yahoo . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski dedicates win over Titans to late friend - The Boston Globe'' . Boston Globe . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` New England at Denver - 2016-01-24 - National Football League - Yahoo! Sports'' . Yahoo . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Kansas City at New England - 2016-01-16 - National Football League - Yahoo! Sports'' . Yahoo . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` NFL Top 100 Players of 2016 - No. 9 Rob Gronkowski'' . Nfl.com . Retrieved 2017-04-24 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski: Hamstring has ' obviously' limited me'' . NFL.com. 2013-07-29 . Retrieved 2017-04-24 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski Sets Patriots Franchise Record With 69th Touchdown'' . Retrieved 2016-10-30 . Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Gregg (November 14, 2016). `` Rob Gronkowski suffered possible punctured lung'' . NFL.com . Retrieved December 1, 2016 . Jump up ^ Patra, Kevin (December 1, 2016). `` Rob Gronkowski to undergo back surgery Friday'' . NFL.com . Jump up ^ `` Update on Rob Gronkowski'' . Patriots.com . December 1, 2016. Jump up ^ `` Patriots place TE Rob Gronkowski on Injured Reserve; Sign RB DJ Foster to the 53-man roster'' . Patriots.com . December 3, 2016. Jump up ^ Shook, Nick (December 3, 2016). `` Patriots officially place Rob Gronkowski on IR'' . NFL.com . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski Advanced Stats and Metrics Profile: Efficiency'' . PlayerProfiler.com . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl LI - New England Patriots vs. Atlanta Falcons - February 5th, 2017'' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 6 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 2016 New England Patriots Statistics & Players'' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 6 August 2017 . Jump up ^ NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 - No. 23 Rob Gronkowski Jump up ^ `` New England Patriots at New Orleans Saints - September 17th, 2017'' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 28 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski's groin injury is probably not serious, but the Patriots will test it anyway'' . sbnation . Retrieved 11 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Patriots' Rob Gronkowski Misses Thursday Night Football, Expected To Play In Week 6'' . Retrieved 11 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Bergman, Jeremy. `` Rob Gronkowski: Refs are calling ' craziest stuff' on me'' . NFL . Retrieved December 3, 2017 . Jump up ^ Sessler, Marc. `` Rob Gronkowski suspended one game for hit on Tre'Davious White'' . NFL . Retrieved December 4, 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski's 1 Game Suspension Upheld By NFL'' . boston.cbslocal.com . Retrieved December 5, 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 5 reasons the Dolphins were able to upset the Patriots on ' Monday Night Football ' '' . SBNation.com. December 11, 2017 . Retrieved December 12, 2017 . Jump up ^ Reiss, Mike (December 18, 2017). `` Tom Brady produces 53rd comeback win from fourth-quarter deficit'' . ESPN.com . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski'' . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ Wilson, Ryan. `` Patriots whip the Texans in Gronk's triumphant return: 10 things to know'' . CBSSports.com . Retrieved 2015-12-14 . Jump up ^ van der Pool, Lisa (2012-03-27). `` Dunkin' signs 2-year sponsorship with Patriots' Gronkowski'' . Boston Business Journal . American City Business Journals . Retrieved 2013-12-31 . Jump up ^ Madden, Lance (2012-08-14). `` Rob Gronkowski Becomes Endorser, Investor for Bodyarmor SuperDrink'' . Forbes . Forbes.com LLC . Retrieved 2013-12-31 . Jump up ^ Rovell, Darren (2012-09-22). `` Gronk Flakes hitting New England shelves'' . ESPN Playbook . ESPN Internet Ventures . Retrieved 2013-12-31 . Jump up ^ Heitner, Darren. `` Opendorse Raises $1.75 Million With Plans To Make Athlete Endorsements Smarter'' . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski says he hasn't spent any NFL contract money'' . Retrieved June 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ Darren Rovell, ESPN `` Patriots TE Rob Gronkowski signs multiyear deal with Monster drink'' , November 21, 2015. Jump up ^ `` Game on: Gronk gets cover of ' Madden NFL ' 17 ' '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2016-05-13 . Jump up ^ Southern, BY SCOTT MEES, The. `` Pats' tight end almost played for Miners'' . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Player Bio: Dan Gronkowski'' . University of Maryland Athletics . Archived from the original on January 5, 2009 . Retrieved January 12, 2009 . Jump up ^ `` San Diego Chargers sign fullback Chris Gronkowski'' . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Patriots add Glenn Gronkowski to practice squad'' . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . Jump up ^ http://www.bostonherald.com/sports/patriots/the_blitz/2015/12/no_surprise_rob_gronkowski_super_aggressive_when_he_played_hockey ^ Jump up to: `` Gronk: Partying makes me a better player'' . CBS News . July 17, 2015 . Retrieved November 5, 2015 . Jump up ^ Rob Gronkowski is starring in two upcoming crime thrillers by Emmett Knowlton ' Business insider Jan. 5, 2017 Jump up ^ `` Rob Gronkowski helps Mojo Rawley win the Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal'' . Wwe.com. 2017-04-02 . Retrieved 2017-04-24 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rob Gronkowski . Arizona profile (archived 2012) New England Patriots biography NFL Combine profile Career statistics and player information from NFL.com ESPN Pro-Football-Reference New England Patriots current roster Active roster 2 Brian Hoyer 3 Stephen Gostkowski 6 Ryan Allen 12 Tom Brady 13 Phillip Dorsett 14 Brandin Cooks 15 Chris Hogan 18 Matthew Slater 21 Malcolm Butler 23 Patrick Chung 24 Stephon Gilmore 25 Eric Rowe 28 James White 29 Johnson Bademosi 30 Duron Harmon 31 Jonathan Jones 32 Devin McCourty 33 Dion Lewis 34 Rex Burkhead 35 Mike Gillislee 36 Brandon King 37 Jordan Richards 38 Brandon Bolden 45 David Harris 46 James Develin 47 Jacob Hollister 49 Joe Cardona 50 Nicholas Grigsby 51 Trevor Reilly 52 Elandon Roberts 53 Kyle Van Noy 55 Eric Lee 59 Marquis Flowers 60 David Andrews 62 Joe Thuney 68 LaAdrian Waddle 69 Shaq Mason 70 Adam Butler 71 Cameron Fleming 74 Cole Croston 75 Ted Karras 77 Nate Solder 80 Danny Amendola 83 Dwayne Allen 85 Kenny Britt 87 Rob Gronkowski 90 Malcom Brown 91 Deatrich Wise Jr. 92 Geneo Grissom 93 Lawrence Guy 94 Ricky Jean Francois 97 Alan Branch 98 Trey Flowers Reserve lists 11 Julian Edelman (IR) 19 Malcolm Mitchell (IR) 41 Cyrus Jones (IR) 42 Keionta Davis (NF-Inj.) 43 Nate Ebner (IR) 48 Harvey Langi (NF-Inj.) 54 Dont'a Hightower (IR) 58 Shea McClellin (IR) 61 Marcus Cannon (IR) 63 Antonio Garcia (NF-Ill.) 64 Caleb Kidder (IR) 66 Chase Farris (NF-Inj.) 76 Andrew Jelks (NF-Inj.) 88 Martellus Bennett (IR) 95 Derek Rivers (IR) 99 Vincent Valentine (IR) Practice squad 22 Jomal Wiltz 26 David Jones 27 Ryan Lewis 39 Damarius Travis 64 James Ferentz 72 Jason King 81 Cody Hollister 82 Will Tye 84 Riley McCarron 96 Marcus Hardison AFC East BUF MIA NE NYJ North BAL CIN CLE PIT South HOU IND JAX TEN West DEN KC LAC OAK NFC East DAL NYG PHI WAS North CHI DET GB MIN South ATL CAR NO TB West ARI LAR SF SEA Rob Gronkowski-- awards, championships, and honors New England Patriots 2010 NFL draft selections Devin McCourty Rob Gronkowski Jermaine Cunningham Brandon Spikes Taylor Price Aaron Hernandez Zoltán Meskó Ted Larsen Thomas Welch Brandon Deaderick Kade Weston Zac Robinson Associated Press NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award winners 1963: Martin 1964: Moore 1965: Brodie 1966: Bass 1967-1997: No award given 1998: Flutie 1999: Young 2000: Johnson 2001: Hearst 2002: Maddox 2003: Kitna 2004: Brees 2005: Bruschi & Smith 2006: Pennington 2007: Ellis 2008: Pennington 2009: Brady 2010: Vick 2011: Stafford 2012: Manning 2013: Rivers 2014: Gronkowski 2015: Berry 2016: Nelson PFW/PFWA NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award 1972: Morrall 1973: Gabriel 1974: Namath 1975: Hampton 1976: Landry 1977: Morton 1978: Riggins 1979: Csonka 1980: Plunkett 1981: Anderson 1982: Alzado 1983: B. Johnson 1984: Stallworth 1985: No Selection 1986: Montana & Kramer 1987: White 1988: Bell 1989: Anderson 1990: Word 1991: McMahon 1992: Cunningham 1993: Allen 1994: Marino 1995: Harbaugh 1996: Bettis 1997: Brooks 1998: Flutie 1999: Young 2000: J. Johnson 2001: Hearst 2002: Maddox 2003: Kitna 2004: McGahee 2005: Smith 2006: Pennington 2007: Moss 2008: Pennington 2009: Brady 2010: Vick 2011: Stafford 2012: Peterson 2013: Rivers 2014: Gronkowski 2015: Berry 2016: Nelson New England Patriots Super Bowl XLIX champions 3 Stephen Gostkowski 6 Ryan Allen 8 Garrett Gilbert 10 Jimmy Garoppolo 11 Julian Edelman 12 Tom Brady ( MVP ) 16 Jonathan Krause 17 Aaron Dobson 18 Matthew Slater 19 Brandon LaFell 21 Malcolm Butler 22 Stevan Ridley 23 Patrick Chung 24 Darrelle Revis 25 Kyle Arrington 26 Logan Ryan 27 Tavon Wilson 28 James White 29 LeGarrette Blount 30 Duron Harmon 31 Justin Green 32 Devin McCourty 34 Shane Vereen 35 Jonas Gray 36 Tyler Gaffney 37 Alfonzo Dennard 38 Brandon Bolden 39 Brandon Browner 41 Daxton Swanson 43 Nate Ebner 44 Deontae Skinner 45 Cameron Gordon 46 James Develin 47 Michael Hoomanawanui 48 Danny Aiken 50 Rob Ninkovich 51 Jerod Mayo 52 Jonathan Casillas 53 Eric Martin 54 Dont'a Hightower 55 Akeem Ayers 58 Darius Fleming 59 Chris White 61 Marcus Cannon 62 Ryan Wendell 63 Dan Connolly 64 Chris Barker 65 Jordan Devey 66 Bryan Stork 67 Josh Kline 68 Caylin Hauptmann 71 Cameron Fleming 72 Joe Vellano 74 Dominique Easley 75 Vince Wilfork 76 Sebastian Vollmer 77 Nate Solder 80 Danny Amendola 81 Tim Wright 82 Josh Boyce 84 Brian Tyms 87 Rob Gronkowski 90 Zach Moore 91 Jamie Collins 92 Jake Bequette 94 Chris Jones 95 Chandler Jones 96 Sealver Siliga 97 Alan Branch 99 Michael Buchanan -- James Morris -- Greg Orton Head coach: Bill Belichick Coaches: Stephen Belichick Josh Boyer Brian Daboll Brendan Daly Dave DeGuglielmo Ivan Fears Brian Flores Patrick Graham Joe Judge Josh McDaniels Harold Nash Scott O'Brien Chad O'Shea Matt Patricia New England Patriots Super Bowl LI champions 3 Stephen Gostkowski 6 Ryan Allen 7 Jacoby Brissett 10 Jimmy Garoppolo 11 Julian Edelman 12 Tom Brady ( MVP ) 14 Michael Floyd 15 Chris Hogan 16 Devin Lucien 17 DeAndrew White 18 Matthew Slater 19 Malcolm Mitchell 21 Malcolm Butler 22 Justin Coleman 23 Patrick Chung 24 Cyrus Jones 25 Eric Rowe 26 Logan Ryan 27 D.J. Foster 28 James White 29 LeGarrette Blount 30 Duron Harmon 31 Jonathan Jones 32 Devin McCourty 33 Dion Lewis 35 Tyler Gaffney 36 Brandon King 37 Jordan Richards 38 Brandon Bolden 43 Nate Ebner 44 Trevor Bates 46 James Develin 47 Glenn Gronkowski 49 Joe Cardona 50 Rob Ninkovich 51 Barkevious Mingo 52 Elandon Roberts 53 Kyle Van Noy 54 Dont'a Hightower 55 Jonathan Freeny 58 Shea McClellin 60 David Andrews 61 Marcus Cannon 62 Joe Thuney 63 Tre' Jackson 64 Chris Barker 65 Jamil Douglas 66 Chase Farris 68 LaAdrian Waddle 69 Shaq Mason 71 Cameron Fleming 74 Woodrow Hamilton 75 Ted Karras 76 Sebastian Vollmer 77 Nate Solder 80 Danny Amendola 82 Matt Lengel 83 Greg Scruggs 85 Michael Williams 87 Rob Gronkowski 88 Martellus Bennett 90 Malcom Brown 92 Geneo Grissom 93 Jabaal Sheard 95 Chris Long 96 Darius Kilgo 97 Alan Branch 98 Trey Flowers 99 Vincent Valentine Head coach: Bill Belichick Coaches: Stephen Belichick Josh Boyer Nick Caley Brian Daboll Brendan Daly Ivan Fears Brian Flores Joe Judge Josh McDaniels Chad O'Shea Matt Patricia Dante Scarnecchia Jerry Schuplinski Raymond Ventrone James Hardy 2011 AP NFL All-Pro First Team Offense: QB Aaron Rodgers RB LeSean McCoy RB Maurice Jones-Drew FB Vonta Leach WR Calvin Johnson WR Wes Welker TE Rob Gronkowski OT Joe Thomas OT Jason Peters G Jahri Evans G Carl Nicks C Maurkice Pouncey Defense: DE Jared Allen DE Jason Pierre-Paul DT Haloti Ngata DT Justin Smith OLB Terrell Suggs OLB DeMarcus Ware ILB Patrick Willis ILB (tie) NaVorro Bowman ILB (tie) Derrick Johnson CB Darrelle Revis CB Charles Woodson FS Eric Weddle SS Troy Polamalu Special teams: P Andy Lee PK David Akers KR Patrick Peterson ST Matthew Slater 2014 AP NFL All-Pro First Team Offense: QB Aaron Rodgers RB Le'Veon Bell RB DeMarco Murray FB John Kuhn WR Antonio Brown WR Dez Bryant TE Rob Gronkowski OT Tyron Smith OT Joe Thomas G Zack Martin G Marshal Yanda C Maurkice Pouncey Defense: DE J.J. Watt DE Mario Williams DT Marcell Dareus DT Ndamukong Suh OLB Elvis Dumervil OLB Justin Houston ILB Luke Kuechly ILB Bobby Wagner CB Darrelle Revis CB Richard Sherman FS Earl Thomas FS Eric Weddle Special Teams: P Pat McAfee PK Adam Vinatieri KR Adam Jones ST Matthew Slater 2015 AP NFL All-Pro First Team Offense: QB Cam Newton RB Adrian Peterson RB Doug Martin FB Mike Tolbert WR Antonio Brown WR Julio Jones TE Rob Gronkowski OT Andrew Whitworth OT Joe Thomas G David DeCastro G Marshal Yanda C Ryan Kalil Defense: DE J.J. Watt DE Khalil Mack DT Aaron Donald DT Geno Atkins OLB Thomas Davis OLB Von Miller OLB Khalil Mack ILB Luke Kuechly ILB NaVorro Bowman CB Josh Norman CB Patrick Peterson FS Tyrann Mathieu FS Eric Berry Special teams: P Johnny Hekker PK Stephen Gostkowski KR Tyler Lockett NFL annual receiving touchdowns leaders 1932: Flaherty 1933: Burnett , Caddel , Johnsos , Karr , Kelly , McNally & Richards 1934: Hewitt 1935: Hutson & Karr 1936: Hutson 1937: Hutson 1938: Hutson 1939: Benton 1940: Hutson 1941: Hutson 1942: Hutson 1943: Hutson 1944: Hutson 1945: Liebel 1946: Dewell 1947: Kavanaugh 1948: Kutner 1949: Fears , Kavanaugh & Taylor 1950: Shaw 1951: Hirsch 1952: Box 1953: Pihos & Wilson 1954: Hill 1955: Hill 1956: Howton 1957: Mutschelller 1958: Berry & McDonald 1959: Berry 1960: Randle 1961: McDonald 1962: Clarke 1963: Barr & Collins 1964: Mitchell , Morris & Pope 1965: Hayes & Parks 1966: Hayes 1967: H. Jones 1968: Warfield 1969: Rentzel 1970: Gordon 1971: Warfield 1972: Washington 1973: H. Jackson 1974: Branch 1975: Gray & Swann 1976: Branch 1977: Moore 1978: Jefferson 1979: Morgan 1980: Jefferson 1981: Jenkins & Watson 1982: Chandler 1983: Green 1984: Clayton 1985: Turner 1986: Rice 1987: Rice 1988: Clayton 1989: Rice 1990: Rice 1991: Rice 1992: Sharpe 1993: Rice & Rison 1994: Sharpe 1995: Carter & Pickens 1996: M. Jackson & Martin 1997: Carter 1998: Moss 1999: Carter 2000: Moss 2001: Owens 2002: Owens 2003: Moss 2004: Muhammad 2005: Harrison & Smith 2006: Owens 2007: Moss 2008: Fitzgerald & Johnson 2009: Davis , Fitzgerald & Moss 2010: Bowe 2011: Gronkowski 2012: J. Jones 2013: Graham 2014: Bryant 2015: Baldwin , Marshall & Robinson 2016: Nelson Best Comeback Athlete ESPY Award winners 1993: Winfield 1994: Lemieux 1995: Marino 1996: Jordan 1997: Holyfield 1998: Clemens 1999: Davis 2000: Armstrong 2001: Galarraga 2002: Capriati 2003: Maddox 2004: B. Hamilton 2005: Fields 2006: Bruschi 2007: no award given 2008: J. Hamilton 2009: Torres 2010: Clijsters 2011: Herzlich 2012: Stafford 2013: Peterson 2014: Westbrook 2015: Gronkowski 2016: Berry 2017: Nelson VIAF : 305128643 LCCN : n2013043399 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rob_Gronkowski&oldid=816026424 '' Categories : 1989 births Living people American Conference Pro Bowl players American football tight ends Arizona Wildcats football players New England Patriots players People from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania People from Amherst, New York People from Williamsville, New York Players of American football from New York (state) Players of American football from Pennsylvania Super Bowl champions Unconferenced Pro Bowl players Gronkowski family American people of Polish descent Hidden categories: Use American English from November 2016 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Use mdy dates from November 2016 New England Patriots currentteam parameter articles Infobox NFL biography articles missing alt text Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego Italiano עברית 日本 語 Polski Русский Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 December 2017, at 19:43. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"8648357187109080990"}}},{"rowIdx":94,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which of these is not a synonym for orientation answers.com"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"Other issues include education , lack of literacy and numeracy , school truancy , violence and bullying in schools , religious intolerance , immigration , political and religious extremism , discrimination of all sorts , the role of women , aging populations , gender issues , unplanned parenthood , and teenage pregnancy ."},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[[]],"string":"[\n []\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017 .","It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017 .","( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 ) This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 ) This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 )","This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 )","This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 )","This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 )","This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","A social issue is a problem that influences a considerable number of the individuals within a society . It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual 's control , and is the source of a conflicting opinion on the grounds of what is perceived as a morally just personal life or societal order . Social issues are distinguished from economic issues ; however , some issues ( such as immigration ) have both social and economic aspects . There are also issues that do n't fall into either category , such as warfare .","There can be disagreements about what social issues are worth solving , or which should take precedence . Different individuals and different societies have different perceptions .","In Rights of Man and Common Sense , Thomas Paine addresses individual 's duty to `` allow the same rights to others as we allow ourselves '' . The failure to do so caused the birth of a social issue .","There are a variety of methods people use to combat social issues . Some people vote for leaders in a democracy to advance their ideals . Outside the political process , people donate or share their time , money , energy , or other resources . This often takes the form of volunteering . Nonprofit organizations are often formed for the sole purpose of solving a social issue . Community organizing involves gathering people together for a common purpose .","A distinct but related meaning of the term `` social issue '' ( used particularly in the United States ) refers to topics of national political interest , over which the public is deeply divided and which are the subject of intense partisan advocacy , debate , and voting . Examples include same - sex marriage and abortion . In this case `` social issue '' does not necessarily refer to an ill to be solved , but rather to a topic to be discussed .","Personal issues are those that individuals deal with themselves and within a small range of their peers and relationships . On the other hand , social issues involve values cherished by widespread society . For example , a high unemployment rate that affects millions of people is a social issue .","The line between a personal issue and a public issue may be subjective and depends on how groups are defined . However , when a large enough sector of society is affected by an issue , it becomes a social issue . Returning to the unemployment issue , while one person losing their job is a personal and not a social issue , firing 13 million people is likely to generate a variety of social issues .","A valence issue is a social problem that people uniformly interpret the same way . These types of issues generally generate a widespread consensus and provoke little resistance from the public . An example of a valence issue would be child abuse , which is condemned across several societies to a large enough degree that some social scientists might speak of them as though they are universal , for the sake of illustration .","By contrast , a position issue is a social problem in which the popular opinion among society is divided . Different people may hold different and strongly - held views , which are not easily changed . An example of a position issue is abortion , which has not generated a widespread consensus from the public , in some countries .","Here are some generic types of social issues , along with examples of each .","Unemployment rates vary by region , gender , educational attainment , and ethnic group .","In most countries ( including the developed countries ) , many people are poor and depend on welfare . In 2007 in Germany , one in six children depended on welfare . That is up from only one in seventy - five in 1965 .","So - called `` problem neighbourhoods '' exist in many countries . These neighbourhoods tend to have a high drop - out rate from secondary school , and children growing up in these neighbourhoods have a low probability of going to college compared to children who grow up in other neighbourhoods . Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common in these neighbourhoods . Often these neighbourhoods were founded out of best intentions .","Widespread health conditions ( often characterized as epidemics or pandemics ) are of concern to society as a whole . They can harm quality of life and the ability of people to contribute to society and to work , and most problematically result in death .","Infectious diseases are often public health concerns because they can spread quickly and easily , affecting large numbers of members . The World Health Organization has an acute interest in combatting infectious disease outbreaks by minimizing their geographic and numerical spread and treating the affected . Other conditions for which there is not yet a cure or even effective treatment , such as dementia , can be viewed as public health concerns in the long run .","Throughout the life course , there are social problems associated with different ages . One such social problem is age discrimination . An example of age discrimination is when a particular person is not allowed to do something or is treated differently based on age .","Social inequality is `` the state or quality of being unequal '' . Inequality is the root of a number of social problems that occur when things such as gender , disability , race , and age may affect the way a person is treated . A past example of inequality as a social problem is slavery in the United States . Africans brought to America were often enslaved and mistreated , and did not share the same rights as the white population of America ( for example , they were not allowed to vote ) .","A number of civil rights movements have attempted to , and often succeeded at , advancing equality and extending rights to previously marginalized groups . These include the women 's rights movement ( beginning around the 1920s ) , the civil rights movement in the United States for African - American equality ( beginning around the 1950s ) and the LGBT rights movement ( beginning around the 1960s ) .","Education is arguably the most important factor in a person 's success in society . As a result , social problems can be raised by the unequal distribution of funding between public schools , such as that seen in the United States . The weak organizational policy in the place and the lack of communication between public schools and the federal government has begun to have major effects on the future generation . Public schools that do not receive high standardized test scores are not being funded sufficiently to actually reach the maximum level of education their students should be receiving .","Social problems in the workplace include occupational stress , theft , sexual harassment , wage inequality , gender inequality , racial inequality , health care disparities , and many more .","Environmental racism exists when a particular place or town is subject to problematic environmental practices due to the racial and class components of that space . In general , the place or town is representative of lower income and minority groups . Often , there is more pollution , factories , dumping , etc. that produce environmental hazards and health risks which are not seen in more affluent cities .","The abortion debate is the ongoing controversy surrounding the moral , legal , and religious status of induced abortion . The sides involved in the debate are the self - described `` pro-choice '' movement and the `` pro-life '' movement . `` Pro-choice '' emphasizes the right of women to decide whether to terminate a pregnancy . `` Pro-life '' movement emphasizes the right of the embryo or fetus to gestate to term and be born . Both terms are considered loaded in mainstream media , where terms such as `` abortion rights '' or `` anti-abortion '' are generally preferred . Each movement has , with varying results , sought to influence public opinion and to attain legal support for its position , with small numbers of anti-abortion advocates sometimes using violence .","For many people , abortion is essentially a moral issue , concerning the commencement of human personhood , the rights of the fetus , and a woman 's rights over her own body . The debate has become a political and legal issue in some countries with anti-abortion campaigners seeking to enact , maintain and expand anti-abortion laws , while abortion rights campaigners seeking the repeal or easing of such laws while expanding access to abortion . Abortion laws vary considerably between jurisdictions , ranging from outright prohibition of the procedure to public funding of abortion . Availability of safe abortion also varies across the world .","A number of social issues have taken prominence in the history of the United States . Many have waxed or waned over time as conditions and values have changed . The term `` social issue '' has a broad meaning in the United States , as it refers not only to ills to be solved but to any topic of widespread debate , involving deeply - held values and beliefs .","The Library of Congress has established an index of social causes in the United States . Examples include : academic cheating , church - state separation , hacking , evolution education , gangs , hate speech , suicide , urban sprawl , and unions .","Social issues take a particularly high - profile when a new president is elected . Elections are often impacted by several social issues , and many social issues would be discussed during the debate , such as Abortion rights , LGBT rights and gun control issues .","In the United States , the federal prison system has been unable to keep up with the steady increase of inmates over the past few years , causing major overcrowding . In the year 2012 , the overcrowding level was 41 percent above `` rated capacity '' and was the highest level since 2004 .","The federal prison not only has overcrowding , but also has been the center of controversy in the U.S regarding the conditions in which the prisoners are treated .","Hate crimes are a social problem in the United States because they directly marginalize and target specific groups of people or specific communities based on their identities . Hate crimes can be committed as the result of hate - motivated behavior , prejudice , and intolerance due to sexual orientation , gender expression , biological sex , ethnicity , race , religion , disability , or any other identity . Hate crimes are a growing issue especially in school settings because of the young populations that exist . The majority of victims and perpetrators are teenagers and young adults , the population that exists within educational institutions . Hate crimes can result in physical or sexual assaults or harassment , verbal harassment , robbery , or even in death .","The food industry has been criticized for promoting childhood obesity and ill - health by specifically targeting the child demographic in the marketing of unhealthy food products . The food products marketed often are deemed unhealthy due to their high calorie , high fat , and high sugar contents .","Some common methods of junk food advertising include :","Television commercial campaigns that feature celebrities Print media campaigns Billboard campaigns Event sponsorship ( sporting events and others ) Product placement in films and television programs Various forms of branding , including clothing Direction signs and posters , telling people how far a fast food restaurant is","Television commercial campaigns that feature celebrities","Print media campaigns","Event sponsorship ( sporting events and others )","Product placement in films and television programs","Various forms of branding , including clothing","Direction signs and posters , telling people how far a fast food restaurant is","In 2005 , the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies ( IOM ) released a report requested by Congress that evaluated the influence and nature of food and beverage marketing practices on American children and adolescents . `` The report concluded that food and beverage marketing influences the diets and health of children and adolescents ; current marketing practices create an environment that puts young people 's health at risk ; companies and marketers have underutilized their resources and creativity to market a healthful diet ; industry leadership and sustained , multisectoral , and integrated efforts are required ; and that current public policy institutions lacked the authority to address emerging marketing practices that influence young people 's diets . ''","According to Christian and the PHA website , the obesity epidemic in children and adolescents in the U.S. reflects changes in society : The article suggests unhealthy eating choices are due to an increase of sedentary activity ( e.g. , children watching too much television and playing computer games ) and the influence of the media in causing children to eat unhealthy food choices .","In the view of some opponents , if governments took action to prevent the marketing of unhealthy food products , they would seriously reduce the prevalence of obesity and its serious health consequences , such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes . As part of the IOM food marketing report , 10 recommendations were made to both the public and private sectors . One of the recommendations was that the government partner with the private sector to `` create a long - term , multifaceted , and financially sustained social marketing program to support parents , caregivers , and families to promote a healthful diet . '' First lady Michelle Obama and Partnership for a Healthier America have proposed new rules that would limit junk food marketing in public schools .","Obesity is a prevalent social problem in today 's society , with rates steadily increasing . According to the Weight Control Information Network , since the early 1960s , the prevalence of obesity among adults more than doubled , increasing from 13.4 to 35.7 percent in U.S. adults age 20 and older . In addition , today two in three adults are considered overweight or obese , and one in six children aged 6 -- 19 are considered obese .","Hunger is a fairly obvious social Issue . Many people around the globe , especially in countries such as Burundi , Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Zambia , experience malnutrition and undernourishment .","Mass media may use propaganda as a means to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view , or to maintain the viewer 's attention . Who owns a media outlet often determines things such as the types of social problems that that outlet presents , how long that outlet airs those problems , and how dramatically that outlet presents those problems . The American media is often biased towards one or the other end of the political spectrum ; that is , many media outlets have been accused either of being too conservative or of being too liberal .","Drugs are at times the cause of social problems . Drugs such as cocaine and opiates are addictive for some users . A minority of users of such drugs may commit crimes in order to obtain more drugs . In some individuals , drugs such as methamphetamine have been known to contribute to violent behavior , which would be considered a social problem .","Drunk driving is on the rise and is the number two cause of accidental deaths ; it is a cause of around 17,000 deaths each year . All but 9 states in USA have adopted the Administrative License Revocation where if you are caught drinking and driving and found guilty you will lose your license for a full year . This is a step that is being taken in order to try to avoid the occurrence of this social problem .","Legal marijuana is debatable topic . Marijuana can be used in the medical domain , and there is no accurate fact that shows marijuana kills . However , people believe marijuana is a gateway to other drugs , injures lungs , and inhibits function . There are some states that are legalizing medical marijuana , such as New Mexico , Arizona , New York . Some states are also legalizing it for both medical and recreational purposes , such as Colorado , California , and Oregon .","Healthcare in the United States Human rights in the United States Racial inequality in the United States Violence against LGBT people in the United States Domestic violence in the United States","Healthcare in the United States","Human rights in the United States","Racial inequality in the United States","Violence against LGBT people in the United States","Domestic violence in the United States","India is ranked 76 out of a 179 countries in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , but its score has improved consistently from 2.7 in 2002 to 3.1 in 2011 .","In India , corruption takes the form of bribes , tax evasion , exchange controls , embezzlement , etc . A 2005 study done by Transparency International ( TI ) India found that more than 50 % had firsthand experience of paying bribe or peddling influence to get a job done in a public office . The chief economic consequences of corruption are the loss to the exchequer , an unhealthy climate for investment and an increase in the cost of government - subsidised services .","The TI India study estimates the monetary value of petty corruption in 11 basic services provided by the government , like education , healthcare , judiciary , police , etc. , to be around Rs. 21,068 crores . India still ranks in the bottom quartile of developing nations in terms of the ease of doing business , and compared to China and other lower developed Asian nations , the average time taken to secure the clearances for a startup or to invoke bankruptcy is much greater . Recently a revelation of tax evasion ( Panama Papers ' Leak ) case involving some high - profile celebrities and businessmen has added spark to the fumes of corruption charges against the elite of the country .","The World Bank , in 2011 based on 2005 's PPPs International Comparison Program , estimated 23.6 % of Indian population , or about 276 million people , lived below $1.25 per day on purchasing power parity . According to United Nation 's Millennium Development Goal ( MDG ) programme 270 millions or 21.9 % people out of 1.2 billion of Indians lived below poverty line of $1.25 in 2011 - 2012 as compare to 41.6 % in 2004 - 05 .","The regions with long term terrorist activities today are Jammu and Kashmir , Central India ( Naxalism ) and Seven Sister States ( independence and autonomy movements ) . In the past , the Punjab insurgency led to militant activities in the Indian state of Punjab as well as the national capital Delhi ( Delhi serial blasts , anti-Sikh riots ) . As of 2006 , at least 232 of the country 's 608 districts were afflicted , at differing intensities , by various insurgent and terrorist movements .","Unemployment rates vary by region , gender , educational attainment and ethnic group .","A growing number of Germans are poor and depend on welfare . In 2007 one in 6 children depended on welfare . That is up from only one in 75 in 1965 . Poverty rates seem to vary in different states , as in Bavaria only 3.9 % suffer from poverty , while in Berlin 15.2 % of the inhabitants are poor . Families that are headed by a single parent and working - class families with multiple children are most likely to be poor .","There is a discussion going on about hunger in Germany . Reverend Bernd Siggelkow , founder of the Berlin - based soup kitchen `` Die Arche '' , claimed that a number of German children go hungry each day . He blamed the lack of jobs , low welfare payments , and parents who were drug - addicted or mentally ill . Siggelkow has been criticized by a number of people who said there was no hunger in Germany . SPD politician and board member of the German central bank Thilo Sarrazin said it was possible to live on welfare without going hungry if one did not buy fast food , but was able to cook from scratch . He was criticized by The Left politician Heidi Knake - Werner , who said it was not right that `` well - off people told poor people how to shop '' .","Germany has one of the lowest birth rates in the world . In 2012 , its national fertility rate was 1.41 children per woman , up slightly from the 2002 rate ( 1.31 ) , but still well below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman . ( By contrast , the United States had a fertility rate of 2.06 in 2012 ) . At the same time , Germans are living longer , with a life expectancy of 80.19 years ( 77.93 years for men and 82.58 years for women ) -- 2012 estimates . This demographic shift is already straining the country 's social welfare structures and will produce further economic and social problems in the future . The Mikrozensus done in 2008 revealed that the number of children a German women aged 40 to 75 had was closely linked to her educational achievement .","So called problem neighbourhoods ( `` Problemviertel '' ) exist in Germany . Those neighbourhoods have a high drop - out rate from secondary school and children growing up in a neighbourhood like this have only 1 / 7th the probability of going to college compared to a person growing up in another neighbourhood . Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common . Many people living in those neighborhoods are what is called a-people . They are poor ( `` arm '' ) , out - of - work ( `` arbeitslos '' ) and immigrants ( `` Ausländer '' ) . Often those neighbourhoods were founded out of best intentions . Many districts that later became problem neighbourhoods were founded in the 1960s and 1970s when the State wanted to provide better housing for poorer persons . Big tenement buildings were built . The first tenants mostly were two - parent - families , not those one kind with at least one parent working and many were happy with their neighbourhoods . But when the unemployment rate started climbing more and more people were losing their jobs . Also , families who could afford it started moving into better districts and only those who could not afford to move stayed in districts such as Hamburg - Mümmelmannsberg. : )","Since World War II , Germany has experienced intermittent turmoil from various groups . In the 1970s radical leftist terrorist organisations like the Red Army Faction engaged in a string of assassinations and kidnappings against political and business figures . Germany has also continued to struggle with far - right violence or neo-Nazis which are presently on a rise , in line with the younger generation of Germans growing older . There is some debate as to whether indeed the hate crime is rising , or whether simply more arrests have been made due to increased law - enforcement efforts . The number of officially recognized violent hate crimes has risen from 759 ( 2003 ) to 776 ( 2005 ) . According to a recent study a majority Jews living in Germany are worried about a rise in antisemitism . The situation of Jews in Germany however was better than of those in France where 90 % of those polled said that antisemitism has risen in the last years . Some have suggested that the increase in hate crime is related to the proliferation of right - wing parties , such as the NPD ( National Democratic Party ) in local elections .","France also has to deal with social issues .","There is a certain fragility of income and social position in France . There are several ways to measure this . One possibility is to look at unemployment . Inside the European Union , in May 2017 , France was ranked 6th country with its unemployment rate of 9.4 percent , according to Statista . Moreover , according to Observatoire des inégalités , France has between 5 and 8.9 millions of poor people , depending on the definition of poverty ( if the poverty line is at 50 percent of the median standard of living or if it 's 60 percent ) .","Women suffer from economical and social problems in France . Indeed , they are paid , on average , 16.7 percent less than men , according to l'insee . Women in France also have to handle sexual harassment , inequalities in education , and other problems . That are some reasons why the Global Gender Gap report of 2016 has ranked France 17th with a score of 0.755 ( reaching 1 means gender equality ) .","This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2013 )","This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2013 )","Other issues include education , lack of literacy and numeracy , school truancy , violence and bullying in schools , religious intolerance , immigration , political and religious extremism , discrimination of all sorts , the role of women , aging populations , gender issues , unplanned parenthood , and teenage pregnancy ."],"string":"[\n \"It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017 .\",\n \"It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017 .\",\n \"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 ) This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 ) This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 )\",\n \"This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert . ( March 2013 )\",\n \"This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article 's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia 's guide to writing better articles for suggestions . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 )\",\n \"This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia 's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions . ( January 2015 )\",\n \"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"A social issue is a problem that influences a considerable number of the individuals within a society . It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual 's control , and is the source of a conflicting opinion on the grounds of what is perceived as a morally just personal life or societal order . Social issues are distinguished from economic issues ; however , some issues ( such as immigration ) have both social and economic aspects . There are also issues that do n't fall into either category , such as warfare .\",\n \"There can be disagreements about what social issues are worth solving , or which should take precedence . Different individuals and different societies have different perceptions .\",\n \"In Rights of Man and Common Sense , Thomas Paine addresses individual 's duty to `` allow the same rights to others as we allow ourselves '' . The failure to do so caused the birth of a social issue .\",\n \"There are a variety of methods people use to combat social issues . Some people vote for leaders in a democracy to advance their ideals . Outside the political process , people donate or share their time , money , energy , or other resources . This often takes the form of volunteering . Nonprofit organizations are often formed for the sole purpose of solving a social issue . Community organizing involves gathering people together for a common purpose .\",\n \"A distinct but related meaning of the term `` social issue '' ( used particularly in the United States ) refers to topics of national political interest , over which the public is deeply divided and which are the subject of intense partisan advocacy , debate , and voting . Examples include same - sex marriage and abortion . In this case `` social issue '' does not necessarily refer to an ill to be solved , but rather to a topic to be discussed .\",\n \"Personal issues are those that individuals deal with themselves and within a small range of their peers and relationships . On the other hand , social issues involve values cherished by widespread society . For example , a high unemployment rate that affects millions of people is a social issue .\",\n \"The line between a personal issue and a public issue may be subjective and depends on how groups are defined . However , when a large enough sector of society is affected by an issue , it becomes a social issue . Returning to the unemployment issue , while one person losing their job is a personal and not a social issue , firing 13 million people is likely to generate a variety of social issues .\",\n \"A valence issue is a social problem that people uniformly interpret the same way . These types of issues generally generate a widespread consensus and provoke little resistance from the public . An example of a valence issue would be child abuse , which is condemned across several societies to a large enough degree that some social scientists might speak of them as though they are universal , for the sake of illustration .\",\n \"By contrast , a position issue is a social problem in which the popular opinion among society is divided . Different people may hold different and strongly - held views , which are not easily changed . An example of a position issue is abortion , which has not generated a widespread consensus from the public , in some countries .\",\n \"Here are some generic types of social issues , along with examples of each .\",\n \"Unemployment rates vary by region , gender , educational attainment , and ethnic group .\",\n \"In most countries ( including the developed countries ) , many people are poor and depend on welfare . In 2007 in Germany , one in six children depended on welfare . That is up from only one in seventy - five in 1965 .\",\n \"So - called `` problem neighbourhoods '' exist in many countries . These neighbourhoods tend to have a high drop - out rate from secondary school , and children growing up in these neighbourhoods have a low probability of going to college compared to children who grow up in other neighbourhoods . Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common in these neighbourhoods . Often these neighbourhoods were founded out of best intentions .\",\n \"Widespread health conditions ( often characterized as epidemics or pandemics ) are of concern to society as a whole . They can harm quality of life and the ability of people to contribute to society and to work , and most problematically result in death .\",\n \"Infectious diseases are often public health concerns because they can spread quickly and easily , affecting large numbers of members . The World Health Organization has an acute interest in combatting infectious disease outbreaks by minimizing their geographic and numerical spread and treating the affected . Other conditions for which there is not yet a cure or even effective treatment , such as dementia , can be viewed as public health concerns in the long run .\",\n \"Throughout the life course , there are social problems associated with different ages . One such social problem is age discrimination . An example of age discrimination is when a particular person is not allowed to do something or is treated differently based on age .\",\n \"Social inequality is `` the state or quality of being unequal '' . Inequality is the root of a number of social problems that occur when things such as gender , disability , race , and age may affect the way a person is treated . A past example of inequality as a social problem is slavery in the United States . Africans brought to America were often enslaved and mistreated , and did not share the same rights as the white population of America ( for example , they were not allowed to vote ) .\",\n \"A number of civil rights movements have attempted to , and often succeeded at , advancing equality and extending rights to previously marginalized groups . These include the women 's rights movement ( beginning around the 1920s ) , the civil rights movement in the United States for African - American equality ( beginning around the 1950s ) and the LGBT rights movement ( beginning around the 1960s ) .\",\n \"Education is arguably the most important factor in a person 's success in society . As a result , social problems can be raised by the unequal distribution of funding between public schools , such as that seen in the United States . The weak organizational policy in the place and the lack of communication between public schools and the federal government has begun to have major effects on the future generation . Public schools that do not receive high standardized test scores are not being funded sufficiently to actually reach the maximum level of education their students should be receiving .\",\n \"Social problems in the workplace include occupational stress , theft , sexual harassment , wage inequality , gender inequality , racial inequality , health care disparities , and many more .\",\n \"Environmental racism exists when a particular place or town is subject to problematic environmental practices due to the racial and class components of that space . In general , the place or town is representative of lower income and minority groups . Often , there is more pollution , factories , dumping , etc. that produce environmental hazards and health risks which are not seen in more affluent cities .\",\n \"The abortion debate is the ongoing controversy surrounding the moral , legal , and religious status of induced abortion . The sides involved in the debate are the self - described `` pro-choice '' movement and the `` pro-life '' movement . `` Pro-choice '' emphasizes the right of women to decide whether to terminate a pregnancy . `` Pro-life '' movement emphasizes the right of the embryo or fetus to gestate to term and be born . Both terms are considered loaded in mainstream media , where terms such as `` abortion rights '' or `` anti-abortion '' are generally preferred . Each movement has , with varying results , sought to influence public opinion and to attain legal support for its position , with small numbers of anti-abortion advocates sometimes using violence .\",\n \"For many people , abortion is essentially a moral issue , concerning the commencement of human personhood , the rights of the fetus , and a woman 's rights over her own body . The debate has become a political and legal issue in some countries with anti-abortion campaigners seeking to enact , maintain and expand anti-abortion laws , while abortion rights campaigners seeking the repeal or easing of such laws while expanding access to abortion . Abortion laws vary considerably between jurisdictions , ranging from outright prohibition of the procedure to public funding of abortion . Availability of safe abortion also varies across the world .\",\n \"A number of social issues have taken prominence in the history of the United States . Many have waxed or waned over time as conditions and values have changed . The term `` social issue '' has a broad meaning in the United States , as it refers not only to ills to be solved but to any topic of widespread debate , involving deeply - held values and beliefs .\",\n \"The Library of Congress has established an index of social causes in the United States . Examples include : academic cheating , church - state separation , hacking , evolution education , gangs , hate speech , suicide , urban sprawl , and unions .\",\n \"Social issues take a particularly high - profile when a new president is elected . Elections are often impacted by several social issues , and many social issues would be discussed during the debate , such as Abortion rights , LGBT rights and gun control issues .\",\n \"In the United States , the federal prison system has been unable to keep up with the steady increase of inmates over the past few years , causing major overcrowding . In the year 2012 , the overcrowding level was 41 percent above `` rated capacity '' and was the highest level since 2004 .\",\n \"The federal prison not only has overcrowding , but also has been the center of controversy in the U.S regarding the conditions in which the prisoners are treated .\",\n \"Hate crimes are a social problem in the United States because they directly marginalize and target specific groups of people or specific communities based on their identities . Hate crimes can be committed as the result of hate - motivated behavior , prejudice , and intolerance due to sexual orientation , gender expression , biological sex , ethnicity , race , religion , disability , or any other identity . Hate crimes are a growing issue especially in school settings because of the young populations that exist . The majority of victims and perpetrators are teenagers and young adults , the population that exists within educational institutions . Hate crimes can result in physical or sexual assaults or harassment , verbal harassment , robbery , or even in death .\",\n \"The food industry has been criticized for promoting childhood obesity and ill - health by specifically targeting the child demographic in the marketing of unhealthy food products . The food products marketed often are deemed unhealthy due to their high calorie , high fat , and high sugar contents .\",\n \"Some common methods of junk food advertising include :\",\n \"Television commercial campaigns that feature celebrities Print media campaigns Billboard campaigns Event sponsorship ( sporting events and others ) Product placement in films and television programs Various forms of branding , including clothing Direction signs and posters , telling people how far a fast food restaurant is\",\n \"Television commercial campaigns that feature celebrities\",\n \"Print media campaigns\",\n \"Event sponsorship ( sporting events and others )\",\n \"Product placement in films and television programs\",\n \"Various forms of branding , including clothing\",\n \"Direction signs and posters , telling people how far a fast food restaurant is\",\n \"In 2005 , the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies ( IOM ) released a report requested by Congress that evaluated the influence and nature of food and beverage marketing practices on American children and adolescents . `` The report concluded that food and beverage marketing influences the diets and health of children and adolescents ; current marketing practices create an environment that puts young people 's health at risk ; companies and marketers have underutilized their resources and creativity to market a healthful diet ; industry leadership and sustained , multisectoral , and integrated efforts are required ; and that current public policy institutions lacked the authority to address emerging marketing practices that influence young people 's diets . ''\",\n \"According to Christian and the PHA website , the obesity epidemic in children and adolescents in the U.S. reflects changes in society : The article suggests unhealthy eating choices are due to an increase of sedentary activity ( e.g. , children watching too much television and playing computer games ) and the influence of the media in causing children to eat unhealthy food choices .\",\n \"In the view of some opponents , if governments took action to prevent the marketing of unhealthy food products , they would seriously reduce the prevalence of obesity and its serious health consequences , such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes . As part of the IOM food marketing report , 10 recommendations were made to both the public and private sectors . One of the recommendations was that the government partner with the private sector to `` create a long - term , multifaceted , and financially sustained social marketing program to support parents , caregivers , and families to promote a healthful diet . '' First lady Michelle Obama and Partnership for a Healthier America have proposed new rules that would limit junk food marketing in public schools .\",\n \"Obesity is a prevalent social problem in today 's society , with rates steadily increasing . According to the Weight Control Information Network , since the early 1960s , the prevalence of obesity among adults more than doubled , increasing from 13.4 to 35.7 percent in U.S. adults age 20 and older . In addition , today two in three adults are considered overweight or obese , and one in six children aged 6 -- 19 are considered obese .\",\n \"Hunger is a fairly obvious social Issue . Many people around the globe , especially in countries such as Burundi , Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Zambia , experience malnutrition and undernourishment .\",\n \"Mass media may use propaganda as a means to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view , or to maintain the viewer 's attention . Who owns a media outlet often determines things such as the types of social problems that that outlet presents , how long that outlet airs those problems , and how dramatically that outlet presents those problems . The American media is often biased towards one or the other end of the political spectrum ; that is , many media outlets have been accused either of being too conservative or of being too liberal .\",\n \"Drugs are at times the cause of social problems . Drugs such as cocaine and opiates are addictive for some users . A minority of users of such drugs may commit crimes in order to obtain more drugs . In some individuals , drugs such as methamphetamine have been known to contribute to violent behavior , which would be considered a social problem .\",\n \"Drunk driving is on the rise and is the number two cause of accidental deaths ; it is a cause of around 17,000 deaths each year . All but 9 states in USA have adopted the Administrative License Revocation where if you are caught drinking and driving and found guilty you will lose your license for a full year . This is a step that is being taken in order to try to avoid the occurrence of this social problem .\",\n \"Legal marijuana is debatable topic . Marijuana can be used in the medical domain , and there is no accurate fact that shows marijuana kills . However , people believe marijuana is a gateway to other drugs , injures lungs , and inhibits function . There are some states that are legalizing medical marijuana , such as New Mexico , Arizona , New York . Some states are also legalizing it for both medical and recreational purposes , such as Colorado , California , and Oregon .\",\n \"Healthcare in the United States Human rights in the United States Racial inequality in the United States Violence against LGBT people in the United States Domestic violence in the United States\",\n \"Healthcare in the United States\",\n \"Human rights in the United States\",\n \"Racial inequality in the United States\",\n \"Violence against LGBT people in the United States\",\n \"Domestic violence in the United States\",\n \"India is ranked 76 out of a 179 countries in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , but its score has improved consistently from 2.7 in 2002 to 3.1 in 2011 .\",\n \"In India , corruption takes the form of bribes , tax evasion , exchange controls , embezzlement , etc . A 2005 study done by Transparency International ( TI ) India found that more than 50 % had firsthand experience of paying bribe or peddling influence to get a job done in a public office . The chief economic consequences of corruption are the loss to the exchequer , an unhealthy climate for investment and an increase in the cost of government - subsidised services .\",\n \"The TI India study estimates the monetary value of petty corruption in 11 basic services provided by the government , like education , healthcare , judiciary , police , etc. , to be around Rs. 21,068 crores . India still ranks in the bottom quartile of developing nations in terms of the ease of doing business , and compared to China and other lower developed Asian nations , the average time taken to secure the clearances for a startup or to invoke bankruptcy is much greater . Recently a revelation of tax evasion ( Panama Papers ' Leak ) case involving some high - profile celebrities and businessmen has added spark to the fumes of corruption charges against the elite of the country .\",\n \"The World Bank , in 2011 based on 2005 's PPPs International Comparison Program , estimated 23.6 % of Indian population , or about 276 million people , lived below $1.25 per day on purchasing power parity . According to United Nation 's Millennium Development Goal ( MDG ) programme 270 millions or 21.9 % people out of 1.2 billion of Indians lived below poverty line of $1.25 in 2011 - 2012 as compare to 41.6 % in 2004 - 05 .\",\n \"The regions with long term terrorist activities today are Jammu and Kashmir , Central India ( Naxalism ) and Seven Sister States ( independence and autonomy movements ) . In the past , the Punjab insurgency led to militant activities in the Indian state of Punjab as well as the national capital Delhi ( Delhi serial blasts , anti-Sikh riots ) . As of 2006 , at least 232 of the country 's 608 districts were afflicted , at differing intensities , by various insurgent and terrorist movements .\",\n \"Unemployment rates vary by region , gender , educational attainment and ethnic group .\",\n \"A growing number of Germans are poor and depend on welfare . In 2007 one in 6 children depended on welfare . That is up from only one in 75 in 1965 . Poverty rates seem to vary in different states , as in Bavaria only 3.9 % suffer from poverty , while in Berlin 15.2 % of the inhabitants are poor . Families that are headed by a single parent and working - class families with multiple children are most likely to be poor .\",\n \"There is a discussion going on about hunger in Germany . Reverend Bernd Siggelkow , founder of the Berlin - based soup kitchen `` Die Arche '' , claimed that a number of German children go hungry each day . He blamed the lack of jobs , low welfare payments , and parents who were drug - addicted or mentally ill . Siggelkow has been criticized by a number of people who said there was no hunger in Germany . SPD politician and board member of the German central bank Thilo Sarrazin said it was possible to live on welfare without going hungry if one did not buy fast food , but was able to cook from scratch . He was criticized by The Left politician Heidi Knake - Werner , who said it was not right that `` well - off people told poor people how to shop '' .\",\n \"Germany has one of the lowest birth rates in the world . In 2012 , its national fertility rate was 1.41 children per woman , up slightly from the 2002 rate ( 1.31 ) , but still well below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman . ( By contrast , the United States had a fertility rate of 2.06 in 2012 ) . At the same time , Germans are living longer , with a life expectancy of 80.19 years ( 77.93 years for men and 82.58 years for women ) -- 2012 estimates . This demographic shift is already straining the country 's social welfare structures and will produce further economic and social problems in the future . The Mikrozensus done in 2008 revealed that the number of children a German women aged 40 to 75 had was closely linked to her educational achievement .\",\n \"So called problem neighbourhoods ( `` Problemviertel '' ) exist in Germany . Those neighbourhoods have a high drop - out rate from secondary school and children growing up in a neighbourhood like this have only 1 / 7th the probability of going to college compared to a person growing up in another neighbourhood . Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common . Many people living in those neighborhoods are what is called a-people . They are poor ( `` arm '' ) , out - of - work ( `` arbeitslos '' ) and immigrants ( `` Ausländer '' ) . Often those neighbourhoods were founded out of best intentions . Many districts that later became problem neighbourhoods were founded in the 1960s and 1970s when the State wanted to provide better housing for poorer persons . Big tenement buildings were built . The first tenants mostly were two - parent - families , not those one kind with at least one parent working and many were happy with their neighbourhoods . But when the unemployment rate started climbing more and more people were losing their jobs . Also , families who could afford it started moving into better districts and only those who could not afford to move stayed in districts such as Hamburg - Mümmelmannsberg. : )\",\n \"Since World War II , Germany has experienced intermittent turmoil from various groups . In the 1970s radical leftist terrorist organisations like the Red Army Faction engaged in a string of assassinations and kidnappings against political and business figures . Germany has also continued to struggle with far - right violence or neo-Nazis which are presently on a rise , in line with the younger generation of Germans growing older . There is some debate as to whether indeed the hate crime is rising , or whether simply more arrests have been made due to increased law - enforcement efforts . The number of officially recognized violent hate crimes has risen from 759 ( 2003 ) to 776 ( 2005 ) . According to a recent study a majority Jews living in Germany are worried about a rise in antisemitism . The situation of Jews in Germany however was better than of those in France where 90 % of those polled said that antisemitism has risen in the last years . Some have suggested that the increase in hate crime is related to the proliferation of right - wing parties , such as the NPD ( National Democratic Party ) in local elections .\",\n \"France also has to deal with social issues .\",\n \"There is a certain fragility of income and social position in France . There are several ways to measure this . One possibility is to look at unemployment . Inside the European Union , in May 2017 , France was ranked 6th country with its unemployment rate of 9.4 percent , according to Statista . Moreover , according to Observatoire des inégalités , France has between 5 and 8.9 millions of poor people , depending on the definition of poverty ( if the poverty line is at 50 percent of the median standard of living or if it 's 60 percent ) .\",\n \"Women suffer from economical and social problems in France . Indeed , they are paid , on average , 16.7 percent less than men , according to l'insee . Women in France also have to handle sexual harassment , inequalities in education , and other problems . That are some reasons why the Global Gender Gap report of 2016 has ranked France 17th with a score of 0.755 ( reaching 1 means gender equality ) .\",\n \"This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2013 )\",\n \"This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2013 )\",\n \"Other issues include education , lack of literacy and numeracy , school truancy , violence and bullying in schools , religious intolerance , immigration , political and religious extremism , discrimination of all sorts , the role of women , aging populations , gender issues , unplanned parenthood , and teenage pregnancy .\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"Social issue - wikipedia Social issue Jump to: navigation , search `` Social problem'' redirects here. For the journal, see Social Problems . It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article. ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017. ( hide ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs attention from an expert in Sociology . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. WikiProject Sociology may be able to help recruit an expert. (March 2013) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (March 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards . You can help . The discussion page may contain suggestions. (January 2015) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) A social issue is a problem that influences a considerable number of the individuals within a society. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual's control, and is the source of a conflicting opinion on the grounds of what is perceived as a morally just personal life or societal order . Social issues are distinguished from economic issues ; however, some issues (such as immigration ) have both social and economic aspects. There are also issues that don't fall into either category, such as warfare . There can be disagreements about what social issues are worth solving, or which should take precedence. Different individuals and different societies have different perceptions. In Rights of Man and Common Sense , Thomas Paine addresses individual's duty to `` allow the same rights to others as we allow ourselves'' . The failure to do so caused the birth of a social issue. There are a variety of methods people use to combat social issues. Some people vote for leaders in a democracy to advance their ideals. Outside the political process, people donate or share their time, money, energy, or other resources. This often takes the form of volunteering . Nonprofit organizations are often formed for the sole purpose of solving a social issue. Community organizing involves gathering people together for a common purpose. A distinct but related meaning of the term `` social issue'' (used particularly in the United States ) refers to topics of national political interest, over which the public is deeply divided and which are the subject of intense partisan advocacy, debate, and voting . Examples include same-sex marriage and abortion . In this case `` social issue'' does not necessarily refer to an ill to be solved, but rather to a topic to be discussed. Contents ( hide ) 1 Versus personal issues 2 Valence issues versus position issues 3 Types 3.1 Social stratification 3.2 Economic issues 3.3 Social disorganization 3.4 Public health 3.5 Age and the life course 3.6 Social inequality 3.7 Education and public schools 3.8 Work and occupations 3.9 Environmental racism 3.10 Abortion 4 By country 4.1 United States 4.1.1 Crime and the justice system 4.1.2 Hate crimes 4.1.3 Advertising junk food to children 4.1.4 Obesity 4.1.5 Hunger 4.1.6 Media propaganda 4.1.7 Alcohol and other drugs 4.2 India 4.2.1 Corruption 4.2.2 Poverty 4.2.3 Terrorism 4.3 Germany 4.3.1 Poverty 4.3.2 Birth rate 4.3.3 Deprived neighbourhoods 4.3.4 Political extremism, racism and antisemitism 4.4 France 4.4.1 Precarity and poverty 4.4.2 Gender inequality 5 Other issues 6 See also 7 References Versus personal issues ( edit ) Personal issues are those that individuals deal with themselves and within a small range of their peers and relationships. On the other hand, social issues involve values cherished by widespread society. For example, a high unemployment rate that affects millions of people is a social issue. The line between a personal issue and a public issue may be subjective and depends on how groups are defined. However, when a large enough sector of society is affected by an issue, it becomes a social issue. Returning to the unemployment issue, while one person losing their job is a personal and not a social issue, firing 13 million people is likely to generate a variety of social issues. Valence issues versus position issues ( edit ) A valence issue is a social problem that people uniformly interpret the same way. These types of issues generally generate a widespread consensus and provoke little resistance from the public. An example of a valence issue would be child abuse, which is condemned across several societies to a large enough degree that some social scientists might speak of them as though they are universal, for the sake of illustration. By contrast, a position issue is a social problem in which the popular opinion among society is divided. Different people may hold different and strongly-held views, which are not easily changed. An example of a position issue is abortion , which has not generated a widespread consensus from the public, in some countries. Types ( edit ) Here are some generic types of social issues, along with examples of each. Social stratification ( edit ) Further information: Social stratification and Systems of social stratification Economic issues ( edit ) Further information: Economic issues in the United States Unemployment rates vary by region, gender , educational attainment, and ethnic group . In most countries (including the developed countries ), many people are poor and depend on welfare . In 2007 in Germany , one in six children depended on welfare. That is up from only one in seventy-five in 1965. Social disorganization ( edit ) Main article: Social disorganization theory So-called `` problem neighbourhoods'' exist in many countries. These neighbourhoods tend to have a high drop-out rate from secondary school, and children growing up in these neighbourhoods have a low probability of going to college compared to children who grow up in other neighbourhoods. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common in these neighbourhoods. Often these neighbourhoods were founded out of best intentions. Public health ( edit ) Widespread health conditions (often characterized as epidemics or pandemics ) are of concern to society as a whole. They can harm quality of life and the ability of people to contribute to society and to work, and most problematically result in death . Infectious diseases are often public health concerns because they can spread quickly and easily, affecting large numbers of members. The World Health Organization has an acute interest in combatting infectious disease outbreaks by minimizing their geographic and numerical spread and treating the affected. Other conditions for which there is not yet a cure or even effective treatment, such as dementia , can be viewed as public health concerns in the long run. Age and the life course ( edit ) Main article: Agism Throughout the life course, there are social problems associated with different ages. One such social problem is age discrimination. An example of age discrimination is when a particular person is not allowed to do something or is treated differently based on age. Social inequality ( edit ) Main article: Social inequality Social inequality is `` the state or quality of being unequal'' . Inequality is the root of a number of social problems that occur when things such as gender, disability, race, and age may affect the way a person is treated. A past example of inequality as a social problem is slavery in the United States . Africans brought to America were often enslaved and mistreated, and did not share the same rights as the white population of America (for example, they were not allowed to vote ). A number of civil rights movements have attempted to, and often succeeded at, advancing equality and extending rights to previously marginalized groups. These include the women's rights movement (beginning around the 1920s), the civil rights movement in the United States for African-American equality (beginning around the 1950s) and the LGBT rights movement (beginning around the 1960s). Education and public schools ( edit ) Main article: Educational inequality Education is arguably the most important factor in a person's success in society. As a result, social problems can be raised by the unequal distribution of funding between public schools, such as that seen in the United States. The weak organizational policy in the place and the lack of communication between public schools and the federal government has begun to have major effects on the future generation. Public schools that do not receive high standardized test scores are not being funded sufficiently to actually reach the maximum level of education their students should be receiving. Work and occupations ( edit ) Social problems in the workplace include occupational stress , theft , sexual harassment , wage inequality , gender inequality , racial inequality , health care disparities , and many more. Environmental racism ( edit ) Main article: Environmental racism Environmental racism exists when a particular place or town is subject to problematic environmental practices due to the racial and class components of that space. In general, the place or town is representative of lower income and minority groups. Often, there is more pollution, factories, dumping, etc. that produce environmental hazards and health risks which are not seen in more affluent cities. Abortion ( edit ) Main article: Abortion debate The abortion debate is the ongoing controversy surrounding the moral, legal, and religious status of induced abortion . The sides involved in the debate are the self-described `` pro-choice '' movement and the `` pro-life '' movement. `` Pro-choice'' emphasizes the right of women to decide whether to terminate a pregnancy. `` Pro-life'' movement emphasizes the right of the embryo or fetus to gestate to term and be born. Both terms are considered loaded in mainstream media, where terms such as `` abortion rights'' or `` anti-abortion'' are generally preferred. Each movement has, with varying results, sought to influence public opinion and to attain legal support for its position, with small numbers of anti-abortion advocates sometimes using violence . For many people, abortion is essentially a moral issue, concerning the commencement of human personhood , the rights of the fetus , and a woman's rights over her own body. The debate has become a political and legal issue in some countries with anti-abortion campaigners seeking to enact, maintain and expand anti-abortion laws , while abortion rights campaigners seeking the repeal or easing of such laws while expanding access to abortion. Abortion laws vary considerably between jurisdictions, ranging from outright prohibition of the procedure to public funding of abortion. Availability of safe abortion also varies across the world. By country ( edit ) United States ( edit ) A number of social issues have taken prominence in the history of the United States. Many have waxed or waned over time as conditions and values have changed. The term `` social issue'' has a broad meaning in the United States, as it refers not only to ills to be solved but to any topic of widespread debate, involving deeply-held values and beliefs. The Library of Congress has established an index of social causes in the United States. Examples include: academic cheating , church-state separation , hacking , evolution education , gangs , hate speech , suicide , urban sprawl , and unions . Social issues take a particularly high-profile when a new president is elected. Elections are often impacted by several social issues, and many social issues would be discussed during the debate, such as Abortion rights , LGBT rights and gun control issues. Crime and the justice system ( edit ) Further information: United States incarceration rate In the United States, the federal prison system has been unable to keep up with the steady increase of inmates over the past few years, causing major overcrowding. In the year 2012, the overcrowding level was 41 percent above `` rated capacity'' and was the highest level since 2004. The federal prison not only has overcrowding, but also has been the center of controversy in the U.S regarding the conditions in which the prisoners are treated . Hate crimes ( edit ) Main article: Hate crime Hate crimes are a social problem in the United States because they directly marginalize and target specific groups of people or specific communities based on their identities. Hate crimes can be committed as the result of hate-motivated behavior, prejudice, and intolerance due to sexual orientation, gender expression, biological sex, ethnicity, race, religion, disability, or any other identity. Hate crimes are a growing issue especially in school settings because of the young populations that exist. The majority of victims and perpetrators are teenagers and young adults, the population that exists within educational institutions. Hate crimes can result in physical or sexual assaults or harassment, verbal harassment, robbery, or even in death. Advertising junk food to children ( edit ) Further information: Psychological aspects of childhood obesity § Television and advertisements , and Fast food advertising The food industry has been criticized for promoting childhood obesity and ill-health by specifically targeting the child demographic in the marketing of unhealthy food products. The food products marketed often are deemed unhealthy due to their high calorie, high fat, and high sugar contents. Some common methods of junk food advertising include: Television commercial campaigns that feature celebrities Print media campaigns Billboard campaigns Event sponsorship ( sporting events and others) Product placement in films and television programs Various forms of branding , including clothing Direction signs and posters, telling people how far a fast food restaurant is In 2005, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM) released a report requested by Congress that evaluated the influence and nature of food and beverage marketing practices on American children and adolescents. `` The report concluded that food and beverage marketing influences the diets and health of children and adolescents; current marketing practices create an environment that puts young people's health at risk; companies and marketers have underutilized their resources and creativity to market a healthful diet; industry leadership and sustained, multisectoral, and integrated efforts are required; and that current public policy institutions lacked the authority to address emerging marketing practices that influence young people's diets.'' According to Christian and the PHA website, the obesity epidemic in children and adolescents in the U.S. reflects changes in society: The article suggests unhealthy eating choices are due to an increase of sedentary activity (e.g., children watching too much television and playing computer games) and the influence of the media in causing children to eat unhealthy food choices. In the view of some opponents, if governments took action to prevent the marketing of unhealthy food products, they would seriously reduce the prevalence of obesity and its serious health consequences, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. As part of the IOM food marketing report, 10 recommendations were made to both the public and private sectors. One of the recommendations was that the government partner with the private sector to `` create a long-term, multifaceted, and financially sustained social marketing program to support parents, caregivers, and families to promote a healthful diet.'' First lady Michelle Obama and Partnership for a Healthier America have proposed new rules that would limit junk food marketing in public schools. Obesity ( edit ) Main article: Obesity in the United States Obesity is a prevalent social problem in today's society, with rates steadily increasing. According to the Weight Control Information Network, since the early 1960s, the prevalence of obesity among adults more than doubled, increasing from 13.4 to 35.7 percent in U.S. adults age 20 and older. In addition, today two in three adults are considered overweight or obese, and one in six children aged 6-- 19 are considered obese. Hunger ( edit ) Main article: Hunger in the United States Hunger is a fairly obvious social Issue. Many people around the globe, especially in countries such as Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Zambia, experience malnutrition and undernourishment. Media propaganda ( edit ) Further information: Propaganda in the United States , News propaganda , propaganda model , and Propaganda techniques Mass media may use propaganda as a means to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view, or to maintain the viewer's attention. Who owns a media outlet often determines things such as the types of social problems that that outlet presents, how long that outlet airs those problems, and how dramatically that outlet presents those problems. The American media is often biased towards one or the other end of the political spectrum ; that is, many media outlets have been accused either of being too conservative or of being too liberal . Alcohol and other drugs ( edit ) Main article: Drug abuse in the United States Drugs are at times the cause of social problems. Drugs such as cocaine and opiates are addictive for some users. A minority of users of such drugs may commit crimes in order to obtain more drugs. In some individuals, drugs such as methamphetamine have been known to contribute to violent behavior, which would be considered a social problem. Drunk driving is on the rise and is the number two cause of accidental deaths; it is a cause of around 17,000 deaths each year. All but 9 states in USA have adopted the Administrative License Revocation where if you are caught drinking and driving and found guilty you will lose your license for a full year. This is a step that is being taken in order to try to avoid the occurrence of this social problem. Legal marijuana is debatable topic. Marijuana can be used in the medical domain, and there is no accurate fact that shows marijuana kills. However, people believe marijuana is a gateway to other drugs, injures lungs, and inhibits function. There are some states that are legalizing medical marijuana, such as New Mexico, Arizona, New York. Some states are also legalizing it for both medical and recreational purposes, such as Colorado, California, and Oregon. Healthcare in the United States Human rights in the United States Racial inequality in the United States Violence against LGBT people in the United States Domestic violence in the United States India ( edit ) Corruption ( edit ) Main article: Corruption in India India is ranked 76 out of a 179 countries in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , but its score has improved consistently from 2.7 in 2002 to 3.1 in 2011. In India , corruption takes the form of bribes , tax evasion , exchange controls , embezzlement , etc. A 2005 study done by Transparency International (TI) India found that more than 50% had firsthand experience of paying bribe or peddling influence to get a job done in a public office. The chief economic consequences of corruption are the loss to the exchequer , an unhealthy climate for investment and an increase in the cost of government-subsidised services. The TI India study estimates the monetary value of petty corruption in 11 basic services provided by the government, like education, healthcare, judiciary, police, etc., to be around Rs.21,068 crores . India still ranks in the bottom quartile of developing nations in terms of the ease of doing business, and compared to China and other lower developed Asian nations, the average time taken to secure the clearances for a startup or to invoke bankruptcy is much greater. Recently a revelation of tax evasion ( Panama Papers' Leak ) case involving some high-profile celebrities and businessmen has added spark to the fumes of corruption charges against the elite of the country. Poverty ( edit ) The World Bank, in 2011 based on 2005's PPPs International Comparison Program , estimated 23.6% of Indian population, or about 276 million people, lived below $1.25 per day on purchasing power parity. According to United Nation's Millennium Development Goal (MDG) programme 270 millions or 21.9% people out of 1.2 billion of Indians lived below poverty line of $1.25 in 2011-2012 as compare to 41.6% in 2004-05. Terrorism ( edit ) Main article: Terrorism in India The regions with long term terrorist activities today are Jammu and Kashmir , Central India ( Naxalism ) and Seven Sister States (independence and autonomy movements). In the past, the Punjab insurgency led to militant activities in the Indian state of Punjab as well as the national capital Delhi (Delhi serial blasts, anti-Sikh riots ). As of 2006, at least 232 of the country's 608 districts were afflicted, at differing intensities, by various insurgent and terrorist movements. Germany ( edit ) Poverty ( edit ) See also: Poverty in Germany Unemployment rates vary by region, gender, educational attainment and ethnic group. A growing number of Germans are poor and depend on welfare. In 2007 one in 6 children depended on welfare. That is up from only one in 75 in 1965. Poverty rates seem to vary in different states, as in Bavaria only 3.9% suffer from poverty, while in Berlin 15.2% of the inhabitants are poor. Families that are headed by a single parent and working-class families with multiple children are most likely to be poor. Housing project in Bremen-Vahr in the 1960s, back then most tenants living in housing-projects were two parent families with at least one parent working. In many housing projects the composition of tenants has changed since then and now many tenant-families are headed by a single female or an unemployed male There is a discussion going on about hunger in Germany. Reverend Bernd Siggelkow, founder of the Berlin -based soup kitchen `` Die Arche'' , claimed that a number of German children go hungry each day. He blamed the lack of jobs, low welfare payments, and parents who were drug-addicted or mentally ill. Siggelkow has been criticized by a number of people who said there was no hunger in Germany. SPD politician and board member of the German central bank Thilo Sarrazin said it was possible to live on welfare without going hungry if one did not buy fast food, but was able to cook from scratch. He was criticized by The Left politician Heidi Knake-Werner, who said it was not right that `` well-off people told poor people how to shop'' . Birth rate ( edit ) Germany has one of the lowest birth rates in the world. In 2012, its national fertility rate was 1.41 children per woman, up slightly from the 2002 rate (1.31), but still well below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman. (By contrast, the United States had a fertility rate of 2.06 in 2012). At the same time, Germans are living longer, with a life expectancy of 80.19 years (77.93 years for men and 82.58 years for women) -- 2012 estimates. This demographic shift is already straining the country's social welfare structures and will produce further economic and social problems in the future. The Mikrozensus done in 2008 revealed that the number of children a German women aged 40 to 75 had was closely linked to her educational achievement. Deprived neighbourhoods ( edit ) So called problem neighbourhoods (`` Problemviertel'' ) exist in Germany. Those neighbourhoods have a high drop-out rate from secondary school and children growing up in a neighbourhood like this have only 1/7th the probability of going to college compared to a person growing up in another neighbourhood. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common. Many people living in those neighborhoods are what is called a-people . They are poor (`` arm '' ), out-of-work (`` arbeitslos '' ) and immigrants (`` Ausländer '' ). Often those neighbourhoods were founded out of best intentions. Many districts that later became problem neighbourhoods were founded in the 1960s and 1970s when the State wanted to provide better housing for poorer persons. Big tenement buildings were built. The first tenants mostly were two-parent-families, not those one kind with at least one parent working and many were happy with their neighbourhoods. But when the unemployment rate started climbing more and more people were losing their jobs. Also, families who could afford it started moving into better districts and only those who could not afford to move stayed in districts such as Hamburg -Mümmelmannsberg. : ) Political extremism, racism and antisemitism ( edit ) Since World War II, Germany has experienced intermittent turmoil from various groups. In the 1970s radical leftist terrorist organisations like the Red Army Faction engaged in a string of assassinations and kidnappings against political and business figures. Germany has also continued to struggle with far-right violence or neo-Nazis which are presently on a rise, in line with the younger generation of Germans growing older. There is some debate as to whether indeed the hate crime is rising, or whether simply more arrests have been made due to increased law-enforcement efforts. The number of officially recognized violent hate crimes has risen from 759 (2003) to 776 (2005). According to a recent study a majority Jews living in Germany are worried about a rise in antisemitism. The situation of Jews in Germany however was better than of those in France where 90% of those polled said that antisemitism has risen in the last years. Some have suggested that the increase in hate crime is related to the proliferation of right-wing parties, such as the NPD (National Democratic Party) in local elections. France ( edit ) France also has to deal with social issues. Precarity and poverty ( edit ) There is a certain fragility of income and social position in France. There are several ways to measure this. One possibility is to look at unemployment. Inside the European Union, in May 2017, France was ranked 6th country with its unemployment rate of 9.4 percent, according to Statista . Moreover, according to Observatoire des inégalités , France has between 5 and 8.9 millions of poor people, depending on the definition of poverty (if the poverty line is at 50 percent of the median standard of living or if it's 60 percent). Gender inequality ( edit ) Women suffer from economical and social problems in France. Indeed, they are paid, on average, 16.7 percent less than men, according to l'insee . Women in France also have to handle sexual harassment, inequalities in education, and other problems. That are some reasons why the Global Gender Gap report of 2016 has ranked France 17th with a score of 0.755 (reaching 1 means gender equality). Other issues ( edit ) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . (January 2013) Other issues include education , lack of literacy and numeracy , school truancy , violence and bullying in schools , religious intolerance , immigration , political and religious extremism , discrimination of all sorts, the role of women, aging populations, gender issues, unplanned parenthood , and teenage pregnancy . See also ( edit ) Moral entrepreneur Moral panic Social constructionism Social Problems (journal) The Society for the Study of Social Problems Wicked problem Human overpopulation References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to: C. Wright Mills: The Sociological Imagination Jump up ^ `` valence issue: Definition from'' . Answers.com . Retrieved 8 March 2013 . ^ Jump up to: Nelson, Barbara J (15 April 1986). `` Making an Issue of Child Abuse: Political Agenda Setting for Social Problems'' . ISBN 9780226572017 . Jump up ^ Report des Kinderhilfswerkes: Jedes sechste Kind lebt in Armut ^ Jump up to: Wolfgang Uchatius: `` Armut in Deutschland - Die neue Unterschicht'' . Die Zeit. 10 March 2005 Jump up ^ `` Inequality Define Social Inequality at Dictionary.com'' . Dictionary.reference.com . Retrieved 8 March 2013 . Jump up ^ Bruce J. Biddle and David C. Berliner. `` Educational Leadership:Beyond Instructional Leadership:Unequal School Funding in the United States'' . Ascd.org . Retrieved 8 March 2013 . Jump up ^ Scott, Dylan (23 August 2012). `` Biggest Problem for Public Education? Lack of Funding, Poll Says'' . Governing.com . Retrieved 8 March 2013 . Jump up ^ Groome, Thomas. `` To Win Again, Democrats Must Stop Being the Abortion Party.'' New York Times . 27 March 2017. 27 March 2017. Jump up ^ For example: `` Wall Street Journal style guide: Vol. 23, No. 1'' . Wall Street Journal. 31 January 2010 . Retrieved 4 November 2011 . Jump up ^ http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0516/2005018778.html Jump up ^ 14 September 2012 6:51 pm Updated: 15 September 2012 10:15 pm (14 September 2012). `` Overcrowding In Federal Prisons Harms Inmates, Guards: GAO Report'' . Huffingtonpost.com . Retrieved 8 March 2013 . Jump up ^ National Crime Prevention Council Jump up ^ Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network (RAINN) Jump up ^ Barnes, B. (2007). Limiting ads of junk food to children. The New York Times, 2. ^ Jump up to: Kraak, Vivica I., Mary Story, and Ellen A. Wartella, `` Government and School Progress to Promote a Healthful Diet to American Children and Adolescents: A Comprehensive Review of the Available Evidence.'' American Journal of Preventive Medicine 42:3, (Mar. 2012). 250-262. Jump up ^ `` Targeting the Obesity Epidemic in Children and adolescents: Research Evidence for Practice.'' Journal of Pediatric Nursing 26.5 (Oct. 2011), 503-506. Print Jump up ^ http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2014/02/25/michelle-obama-proposes-ban-on-in-school-junk-food-marketing/ Jump up ^ `` Overweight and Obesity Statistics'' . Weight Control Information Network . Retrieved 4 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cocaine'' . Erowid.org . Retrieved 25 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Social Problems in American Society Reader's Digest'' . Rd.com. 15 January 2013 . Retrieved 8 March 2013 . Jump up ^ Believe it or not! India is becoming less corrupt . CNN-IBN. 26 September 2007. ^ Jump up to: Centre for Media Studies (2005), India Corruption Study 2005: To Improve Governance Volume -- I: Key Highlights, Transparency International India. Jump up ^ Economic Survey 2004-- 2005 Jump up ^ World Bank's $1.25/day poverty measure- countering the latest criticisms The World Bank (2010) Jump up ^ Note: 24.6% rate is based on 2005 PPP at $1.25 per day, International dollar basis, The World Bank (2015). A measured approach to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity (PDF) . World Bank Group. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-4648-0361-1 . Jump up ^ Chandy and Kharas, What Do New Price Data Mean for the Goal of Ending Extreme Poverty? Brookings Institution, Washington D.C. (May 2014) Jump up ^ `` 8% GDP growth helped reduce poverty: UN report'' . The Hindu: Mobile Edition . Retrieved 29 July 2015 . Jump up ^ `` India Assessment 2014'' . Retrieved 29 July 2015 . Jump up ^ tagesschau.de. `` Aktuelle Nachrichten - Inland Ausland Wirtschaft Kultur Sport - ARD Tagesschau'' . Jump up ^ Bernd Siggelkow, Wolfgang Büscher : Deutschlands vergessene Kinder - Hoffnungsgeschichten aus der Arche. Gerth Medien Jump up ^ `` Sarrazin: So sollten Arbeitslose einkaufen'' . ^ Jump up to: `` The World Factbook -- Central Intelligence Agency'' . Jump up ^ `` The World Factbook -- Central Intelligence Agency'' . Jump up ^ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. `` A Germany Without Children? - Germany - DW.COM - 27.04.2005'' . Jump up ^ Statistisches Bundesamt. Mikrozensus 2008. Neue Daten zur Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland. p. 27ff Jump up ^ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. `` Sharp Rise in Neo-Nazis in Germany - Germany - DW.COM - 17.05.2005'' . Jump up ^ https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/antisemitismusstudie102.html Jump up ^ (1) (site down) ( hide ) Social issues in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard NDL : 00571881 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_issue&oldid=826933294 '' Categories : Politics by issue Social issues Hidden categories: Articles to be merged from June 2017 All articles to be merged Use dmy dates from February 2015 Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter Articles needing expert attention from March 2013 All articles needing expert attention Sociology articles needing expert attention Wikipedia articles needing style editing from March 2013 All articles needing style editing Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from January 2015 All articles needing rewrite Articles needing additional references from November 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles with multiple maintenance issues Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2017 Use dmy dates from April 2017 All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from May 2013 All accuracy disputes Articles with disputed statements from May 2013 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018 Articles to be expanded from January 2013 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Čeština Deutsch Eesti Euskara فارسی 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Қазақша Bahasa Melayu 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Simple English Soomaaliga Српски / srpski Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 15 more Edit links This page was last edited on 21 February 2018, at 20:25. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"-7377658108841151942"}}},{"rowIdx":95,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which state elect the maximum members in the lok sabha"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"Total 545"},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[[]],"string":"[\n []\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain irrelevant information . Please help improve this article if you can . ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain irrelevant information . Please help improve this article if you can . ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","Coordinates : 28 ° 37 ′ 3 '' N 77 ° 12 ′ 30 '' E / 28.61750 ° N 77.20833 ° E / 28.61750 ; 77.20833","Lok Sabha House of the People 16th Lok Sabha Emblem of India Type Type Lower house of the Parliament of India Term limits 5 years Leadership Speaker Sumitra Mahajan , BJP Since 6 June 2014 Deputy Speaker M. Thambidurai , AIADMK Since 13 August 2014 Leader of the House Narendra Modi , BJP Since 26 May 2014 Leader of the Opposition Vacant , as none of the opposition parties has more than 10 % of seats . Since 26 May 2014 Structure Seats 545 ( 543 elected + 2 Nominated from the Anglo - Indian Community by the President ) Political groups Government coalition ( 313 ) National Democratic Alliance ( 313 ) BJP ( 271 ) SS ( 18 ) LJP ( 6 ) SAD ( 4 ) RLSP ( 3 ) AD ( 2 ) JD ( U ) ( 2 ) AINRC ( 1 ) NDPP ( 1 ) PMK ( 1 ) SDF ( 1 ) Speaker , BJP ( 1 ) Nominated , BJP ( 2 ) Opposition Parties ( 220 ) United Progressive Alliance ( 53 ) INC ( 48 ) IUML ( 2 ) JD ( S ) ( 1 ) RLD ( 1 ) RSP ( 1 ) Janata Parivar Parties ( 5 ) RJD ( 3 ) INLD ( 2 ) Unaligned Parties ( 159 ) AIADMK ( 37 ) AITC ( 34 ) BJD ( 19 ) TDP ( 16 ) TRS ( 11 ) CPI ( M ) ( 9 ) NCP ( 7 ) SP ( 7 ) AAP ( 4 ) YSRCP ( 4 ) AIUDF ( 3 ) JMM ( 2 ) AIMIM ( 1 ) CPI ( 1 ) JKNC ( 1 ) JKPDP ( 1 ) SWP ( 1 ) JAP ( L ) ( 1 ) Others ( 3 ) Independents ( 3 ) Vacant ( 12 ) Vacant ( 12 ) Elections Voting system First past the post Last election 7 April -- 12 May 2014 Next election April -- May 2019 Motto धर्मचक्रपरिवर्तनाय Meeting place Lok Sabha Chambers , Sansad Bhavan , Sansad Marg , New Delhi , India Website loksabha.gov.in","Lok Sabha House of the People","16th Lok Sabha","Emblem of India","Type","Type Lower house of the Parliament of India","Term limits 5 years","Leadership","Speaker Sumitra Mahajan , BJP Since 6 June 2014","Deputy Speaker M. Thambidurai , AIADMK Since 13 August 2014","Leader of the House Narendra Modi , BJP Since 26 May 2014","Leader of the Opposition Vacant , as none of the opposition parties has more than 10 % of seats . Since 26 May 2014","Structure","Seats 545 ( 543 elected + 2 Nominated from the Anglo - Indian Community by the President )","Political groups Government coalition ( 313 ) National Democratic Alliance ( 313 ) BJP ( 271 ) SS ( 18 ) LJP ( 6 ) SAD ( 4 ) RLSP ( 3 ) AD ( 2 ) JD ( U ) ( 2 ) AINRC ( 1 ) NDPP ( 1 ) PMK ( 1 ) SDF ( 1 ) Speaker , BJP ( 1 ) Nominated , BJP ( 2 ) Opposition Parties ( 220 ) United Progressive Alliance ( 53 ) INC ( 48 ) IUML ( 2 ) JD ( S ) ( 1 ) RLD ( 1 ) RSP ( 1 ) Janata Parivar Parties ( 5 ) RJD ( 3 ) INLD ( 2 ) Unaligned Parties ( 159 ) AIADMK ( 37 ) AITC ( 34 ) BJD ( 19 ) TDP ( 16 ) TRS ( 11 ) CPI ( M ) ( 9 ) NCP ( 7 ) SP ( 7 ) AAP ( 4 ) YSRCP ( 4 ) AIUDF ( 3 ) JMM ( 2 ) AIMIM ( 1 ) CPI ( 1 ) JKNC ( 1 ) JKPDP ( 1 ) SWP ( 1 ) JAP ( L ) ( 1 ) Others ( 3 ) Independents ( 3 ) Vacant ( 12 ) Vacant ( 12 )","Government coalition ( 313 ) National Democratic Alliance ( 313 )","BJP ( 271 ) SS ( 18 ) LJP ( 6 ) SAD ( 4 ) RLSP ( 3 ) AD ( 2 ) JD ( U ) ( 2 ) AINRC ( 1 ) NDPP ( 1 ) PMK ( 1 ) SDF ( 1 ) Speaker , BJP ( 1 ) Nominated , BJP ( 2 )","BJP ( 271 )","SS ( 18 )","LJP ( 6 )","SAD ( 4 )","RLSP ( 3 )","AD ( 2 )","JD ( U ) ( 2 )","AINRC ( 1 )","NDPP ( 1 )","PMK ( 1 )","SDF ( 1 )","Speaker , BJP ( 1 )","Nominated , BJP ( 2 )","Opposition Parties ( 220 ) United Progressive Alliance ( 53 )","INC ( 48 ) IUML ( 2 ) JD ( S ) ( 1 ) RLD ( 1 ) RSP ( 1 )","INC ( 48 )","IUML ( 2 )","JD ( S ) ( 1 )","RLD ( 1 )","RSP ( 1 )","Janata Parivar Parties ( 5 )","RJD ( 3 ) INLD ( 2 )","RJD ( 3 )","INLD ( 2 )","Unaligned Parties ( 159 )","AIADMK ( 37 ) AITC ( 34 ) BJD ( 19 ) TDP ( 16 ) TRS ( 11 ) CPI ( M ) ( 9 ) NCP ( 7 ) SP ( 7 ) AAP ( 4 ) YSRCP ( 4 ) AIUDF ( 3 ) JMM ( 2 ) AIMIM ( 1 ) CPI ( 1 ) JKNC ( 1 ) JKPDP ( 1 ) SWP ( 1 ) JAP ( L ) ( 1 )","AIADMK ( 37 )","AITC ( 34 )","BJD ( 19 )","TDP ( 16 )","TRS ( 11 )","CPI ( M ) ( 9 )","NCP ( 7 )","SP ( 7 )","AAP ( 4 )","YSRCP ( 4 )","AIUDF ( 3 )","JMM ( 2 )","AIMIM ( 1 )","CPI ( 1 )","JKNC ( 1 )","JKPDP ( 1 )","SWP ( 1 )","JAP ( L ) ( 1 )","Others ( 3 )","Independents ( 3 )","Independents ( 3 )","Vacant ( 12 )","Vacant ( 12 )","Vacant ( 12 )","Elections","Voting system First past the post","Last election 7 April -- 12 May 2014","Next election April -- May 2019","Motto","धर्मचक्रपरिवर्तनाय","Meeting place","Lok Sabha Chambers , Sansad Bhavan , Sansad Marg , New Delhi , India","Website","loksabha.gov.in","The Lok Sabha ( House of the People ) is the lower house of India 's bicameral Parliament , with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha . Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by adult universal suffrage and a first - past - the - post system to represent their respective constituencies , and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers . The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi .","The maximum strength of the House allotted by the Constitution of India is 552 . Currently the house has 545 seats which is made up by election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum , 2 nominated members of the Anglo - Indian Community by the President of India . A total of 131 seats ( 24.03 % ) are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes ( 84 ) and Scheduled Tribes ( 47 ) . The quorum for the House is 10 % of the total membership . The Lok Sabha , unless sooner dissolved , continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting . However , while a proclamation of emergency is in operation , this period may be extended by Parliament by law .","An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies ' boundaries is carried out by the Boundary Delimitation Commission of India every decade based on the Indian census , last of which was conducted in 2001 . This exercise earlier also included redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes but that provision of the mandate of the commission was suspended in 1976 following a constitutional amendment to incentivise the family planning programme which was being implemented . The 16th Lok Sabha was elected in May 2014 and is the latest to date .","The Lok Sabha has its own television channel , Lok Sabha TV , headquartered within the premises of Parliament .","This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","A major portion of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1858 to 1947 . During this period , the office of the Secretary of State for India ( along with the Council of India ) was the authority through whom British Parliament exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent , and the office of Viceroy of India was created , along with an Executive Council in India , consisting of high officials of the British government . The Indian Councils Act 1861 provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members . The Indian Councils Act 1892 established legislatures in each of the provinces of British India and increased the powers of the Legislative Council . Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government , their power still remained limited , and the electorate very small . The Indian Councils Act 1909 and the Government of India Act 1919 further expanded the participation of Indians in the administration . The Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and proposed a federal structure in India . The Indian Independence Act 1947 , passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947 , divided British India ( which did not include the Princely States ) into two new independent countries , India and Pakistan , which were to be dominions under the Crown until they had each enacted a new constitution . The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations , with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion .","The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950 , proclaiming India to be a sovereign , democratic republic . This contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India in its new form , which now included all the princely states which had not acceded to Pakistan .","According to Article 79 ( Part V - The Union . ) of the Constitution of India , the Parliament of India consists of the President of India and the two Houses of Parliament known as the Council of States ( Rajya Sabha ) and the House of the People ( Lok Sabha ) .","The Lok Sabha ( House of the Leaders ) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952 .","Session of Lok Sabha commenced on Date Session No . Date First 13 May 1952 Second April 1957 Third April 1962 Fourth March 1967 Fifth March 1971 Sixth March 1977 Seventh January 1980 Eighth December 1984 Ninth December 1989 Tenth June 1991 Eleventh May 1996 Twelfth March 1998 Thirteenth October 1999 Fourteenth May 2004 Fifteenth May 2009 Sixteenth ( Current ) May 2014","Session No . Date","First 13 May 1952","Second April 1957","Third April 1962","Fourth March 1967","Fifth March 1971","Sixth March 1977","Seventh January 1980","Eighth December 1984","Ninth December 1989","Tenth June 1991","Eleventh May 1996","Twelfth March 1998","Thirteenth October 1999","Fourteenth May 2004","Fifteenth May 2009","Sixteenth ( Current ) May 2014","Article 84 ( Part V. -- The Union ) of Indian Constitution sets qualifications for being a member of Lok Sabha , which are as follows :","He / She should be a citizen of India , and must subscribe before the Election Commission of India an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule of Indian Constitution . He / She should not be less than 25 years of age . He / She possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament . He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict , a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law ; and He / She should have his / her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country .","He / She should be a citizen of India , and must subscribe before the Election Commission of India an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule of Indian Constitution .","He / She should not be less than 25 years of age .","He / She possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament .","He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict , a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law ; and","He / She should have his / her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country .","However , a member can be disqualified of being a member of Parliament :","If he / she holds office of profit ; If he / she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court If he / she is an undischarged insolvent ; If he / she is not a citizen of India , or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State , or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State ; If he / she is violating party discipline ( as per Tenth schedule of the constitution ) ; disqualified under Representation of People Act .","If he / she holds office of profit ;","If he / she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court","If he / she is an undischarged insolvent ;","If he / she is not a citizen of India , or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State , or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State ;","If he / she is violating party discipline ( as per Tenth schedule of the constitution ) ; disqualified under Representation of People Act .","A seat in the Lok Sabha will become vacant in the following circumstances ( during normal functioning of the House ) :","When the holder of the seat , by writing to the speaker , resigns . When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House , without prior permission of the Speaker . When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament . A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the ' Anti-Defection Law ' .","When the holder of the seat , by writing to the speaker , resigns .","When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House , without prior permission of the Speaker .","When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament .","A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the ' Anti-Defection Law ' .","Furthermore , as per article 101 ( Part V. -- The Union ) of the Indian Constitution , a person can not be :","A member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other . A member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State .","A member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other .","A member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State .","Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India , on the basis of Universal Suffrage . For the purpose of holding direct elections to Lok Sabha ; each state is divided into territorial constituencies . In this respect , the constitution of India makes the following two provisions :","Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population is same for all the states of India . This provision does not apply for states having a population of less than 6 million ( 60 lakhs ) . Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it remain the same throughout the state .","Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population is same for all the states of India . This provision does not apply for states having a population of less than 6 million ( 60 lakhs ) .","Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it remain the same throughout the state .","The expression population while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the census of 1971 . The expression population while distributing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained at the census of 2001 .","The expression population while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the census of 1971 .","The expression population while distributing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained at the census of 2001 .","The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha .","Motions of no confidence against the government can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha . If passed by a majority vote , the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resign collectively . The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion , and hence has no real power over the executive . This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha , not to the Rajya Sabha . Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha , and upon being passed , are sent to the Rajya Sabha , where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days . If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha , or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House , or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha , the bill is considered passed . The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister in the name of the President of India . In matters pertaining to non-financial ( ordinary ) bills , after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled ( Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha ) , it is sent to the other house , where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months . If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House , or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house , it results in a deadlock . This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses , presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority . Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard , in reality it is the Lok Sabha 's opinions that mostly prevails -- due to its bigger numerical strength . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment ( by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President ( by two - thirds of the membership of the House ) . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in impeachment process ( initiating and passing a motion for the removal ) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts ( by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) , who then can be removed by the President of India . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency ( by two - thirds majority ) or constitutional emergency ( by simple majority ) in a state . If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency , the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament . It can not be dissolved . This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha . But there is a possibility that president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six - month if the said proclamation ceases to operate .","Motions of no confidence against the government can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha . If passed by a majority vote , the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resign collectively . The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion , and hence has no real power over the executive . This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha , not to the Rajya Sabha .","Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha , and upon being passed , are sent to the Rajya Sabha , where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days . If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha , or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House , or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha , the bill is considered passed . The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister in the name of the President of India .","In matters pertaining to non-financial ( ordinary ) bills , after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled ( Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha ) , it is sent to the other house , where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months . If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House , or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house , it results in a deadlock . This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses , presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority . Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard , in reality it is the Lok Sabha 's opinions that mostly prevails -- due to its bigger numerical strength .","Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment ( by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) .","Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President ( by two - thirds of the membership of the House ) .","Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in impeachment process ( initiating and passing a motion for the removal ) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts ( by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) , who then can be removed by the President of India .","Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency ( by two - thirds majority ) or constitutional emergency ( by simple majority ) in a state .","If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency , the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament . It can not be dissolved . This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha . But there is a possibility that president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six - month if the said proclamation ceases to operate .","In conclusion , it is clear that the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in almost all matters . Even in those matters in which the Constitution has placed both Houses on an equal footing , the Lok Sabha has more influence due to its greater numerical strength . This is typical of any Parliamentary democracy , with the lower House always being more powerful than the upper .","The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions issued by the Speaker from time to time there under regulate the procedure in Lok Sabha . The items of business , notice of which is received from the Ministers / Private Members and admitted by the Speaker , are included in the daily List of Business which is printed and circulated to members in advance . For various items of business to be taken up in the House the time is allotted by the House on the recommendations of the Business Advisory Committee . The Speaker presides over the sessions of the House and regulates procedure .","Three sessions of Lok Sabha take place in a year :","Budget session : February to May . Monsoon session : July to September . Winter session : November to mid December .","Budget session : February to May .","Monsoon session : July to September .","Winter session : November to mid December .","When in session , Lok Sabha holds its sittings usually from 11 A.M. to 1 P.M. and from 2 P.M. to 6 P.M. On some days the sittings are continuously held without observing lunch break and are also extended beyond 6 P.M. depending upon the business before the House . Lok Sabha does not ordinarily sit on Saturdays and Sundays and other closed holidays .","The first hour of every sitting is called Question Hour . Asking questions in Parliament is the free and unfettered right of members , and during Question Hour they may ask questions of ministers on different aspects of administration and government policy in the national and international spheres . Every minister whose turn it is to answer to questions has to stand up and answer for his department 's acts of omission or commission .","Questions are of three types -- Starred , Unstarred and Short Notice . A Starred Question is one to which a member desires an oral answer in the House and which is distinguished by an asterisk mark . An unstarred Question is one which is not called for oral answer in the house and on which no supplementary questions can consequently be asked . An answer to such a question is given in writing . Minimum period of notice for starred / unstarred question is 10 clear days . If the questions given notice of are admitted by the Speaker , they are listed and printed for answer on the dates allotted to the Ministries to which the subject matter of the question pertains .","The normal period of notice does not apply to short notice questions which relate to matters of urgent public importance . However , a Short Notice Question may be answered only on short notice if so permitted by the Speaker and the Minister concerned is prepared to answer it at shorter notice . A short notice question is taken up for answer immediately after the Question Hour , popularly known as Zero Hour .","The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as `` Zero Hour '' . It starts at around 12 noon ( hence the name ) and members can , with prior notice to the Speaker , raise issues of importance during this time . Typically , discussions on important Bills , the Budget , and other issues of national importance take place from 2 pm onwards .","After the Question Hour , the House takes up miscellaneous items of work before proceeding to the main business of the day . These may consist of one or more of the following : Adjournment Motions , Questions involving breaches of Privileges , Papers to be laid on the Table , Communication of any messages from Rajya Sabha , Intimations regarding President 's assent to Bills , Calling Attention Notices , Matters under Rule 377 , Presentation of Reports of Parliamentary Committee , Presentation of Petitions , miscellaneous statements by Ministers , Motions regarding elections to Committees , Bills to be withdrawn or introduced .","The main business of the day may be consideration of a Bill or financial business or consideration of a resolution or a motion .","Legislative proposals in the form of a Bill can be brought forward either by a Minister or by a private member . In the former case it is known as Government Bill and in the latter case it is known as a Private Members ' Bill . Every Bill passes through three stages -- called three readings -- before it is passed . To become law it must be passed by both the Houses of Parliament , Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha , and then assented to by the president .","The presentation , discussion of , and voting on the annual General and Railways budgets -- followed by the passing of the Appropriations Bill and the Finance Bill -- is a long , drawn - out process that takes up a major part of the time of the House during its Budget Session every year .","Among other kinds of business that come up before the House are resolutions and motions . Resolutions and motions may be brought forward by Government or by private members . Government may move a resolution or a motion for obtaining the sanction to a scheme or opinion of the House on an important matter of policy or on a grave situation . Similarly , a private member may move a resolution or motion in order to draw the attention of the House and of the Government to a particular problem . The last two and half hours of sitting on every Friday are generally allotted for transaction of private members ' business . While private members ' bills are taken up on one Friday , private members ' resolutions are taken up on the succeeding Friday , and so on .","Most of the business of drafting a bill or amendments are initially discussed and debated in the parliamentary committees . Since the time for legislation is limited , work of all departments of the government and any special focus tasks is delegated to the committees , wherein the committees shall prepare the initial draft of the bill / amendment for the consideration by both the houses . They consist of members from both the houses .","There are primarily two kinds of parliamentary committees based on their nature --","Parliament Standing Committees ( PSC ) -- Permanent in nature , reconstituted time to time with every new election . Department based Others Ad hoc Committees -- Created for specific purpose and ceases to exist when that purpose is achieved .","Parliament Standing Committees ( PSC ) -- Permanent in nature , reconstituted time to time with every new election . Department based Others","Department based Others","Ad hoc Committees -- Created for specific purpose and ceases to exist when that purpose is achieved .","A Half - an - Hour Discussion can be raised on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question in Lok Sabha irrespective of the fact whether the question was answered orally or the answer was laid on the Table of the House and the answer which needs elucidation on a matter of fact . Normally not more than half an hour is allowed for such a discussion . Usually , half - an - hour discussion is listed on Mondays , Wednesdays and Fridays only . In one session , a member is allowed to raise not more than two half - an - hour discussions . During the discussion , the member , who has given notice , makes a short statement and not more than four members , who have intimated earlier and have secured one of the four places in the ballot , are permitted to ask a question each for further elucidating any matter of fact . Thereafter , the Minister concerned replies . There is no formal motion before the House nor voting .","Members may raise discussions on matters of urgent public importance with the permission of the Speaker . Such discussions may take place on two days in a week . No formal motion is moved in the House nor is there any voting on such a discussion .","After the member who initiates discussion on an item of business has spoken , other members can speak on that item of business in such order as the Speaker may call upon them . Only one member can speak at a time and all speeches are directed to the Chair . A matter requiring the decision of the House is decided by means of a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member .","A division is one of the forms in which the decision of the House is ascertained . Normally , when a motion is put to the House members for and against it indicate their opinion by saying `` Aye '' or `` No '' from their seats . The Chair goes by the voices and declares that the motion is either accepted or rejected by the House . If a member challenges the decision , the Chair orders that the lobbies be cleared . Then the division bell is rung and an entire network of bells installed in the various parts and rooms in Parliament House and Parliament House Annexe rings continuously for three and a half minutes . Members and Ministers rush to the Chamber from all sides . After the bell stops , all the doors to the Chamber are closed and nobody can enter or leave the Chamber till the division is over . Then the Chair puts the question for second time and declares whether in its opinion the `` Ayes '' or the `` Noes '' , have it . If the opinion so declared is again challenged , the Chair asks the votes to be recorded by operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment .","With the announcement of the Speaker for recording the votes , the Secretary - General of the Lok Sabha presses the button of a key board . Then a gong sounds , serving as a signal to members for casting their votes . To vote , each member present in the Chamber has to flip a switch and then operate one of the three push buttons fixed in their seat . The push switch must be kept pressed simultaneously until the gong sounds for the second time after 10 seconds . There are two indicator boards installed in the wall on either side of the Speaker 's chair in the Chamber . Each vote cast by a member is flashed here . Immediately after the votes are cast , they are totalled mechanically and the details of the results are flashed on the Result Indicator Boards installed in the railings of the Speaker 's and Diplomatic Galleries .","Divisions are normally held with the aid of the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment . Where so directed by the Speaker in terms of relevant provision in the Rules of Procedure etc. in Lok Sabha , divisions may be held either by distribution of ' Aye ' / ' No ' and ' Abstention ' slips to members in the House or by the members recording their votes by going into the lobbies . There is an Indicator Board in the machine room showing the name of each member . The result of Division and vote cast by each member with the aid of Automatic Vote Recording Equipment appear also on this Board and immediately a photograph of the Indicator Board is taken . Later the Photograph is enlarged and the names of members who voted ' Ayes ' and for ' Noes ' are determined with the help of the photograph and incorporated in Lok Sabha Debates .","Three versions of Lok Sabha Debates are prepared : the Hindi version , the English version and the Original version . Only the Hindi and English versions are printed . The Original version , in cyclostyled form , is kept in the Parliament Library for record and reference . The Hindi version contains proceedings ( all Questions asked and Answers given thereto and speeches made ) in Hindi , and verbatim Hindi translation of proceedings in English or in regional languages . The English version contains proceedings in English and the English translation of the proceedings which take place in Hindi or in any regional language . The Original version , however , contains proceedings in Hindi or in English as they actually took place in the House and also the English / Hindi translation of speeches made in regional languages .","If conflicting legislation is enacted by the two Houses , a joint sitting is held to resolve the differences . In such a session , the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail , since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha .","Speaker and Deputy Speaker","As per Article 93 of Indian Constitution , the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker . In the Lok Sabha , both presiding officers -- the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker - are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House . No specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected Speaker ; the Constitution only requires that Speaker should be a member of the House . But an understanding of the Constitution and the laws of the country and the rules of procedure and conventions of Parliament is considered a major asset for the holder of the office of the Speaker . Vacation and resignation of , and removal from , the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker are mentioned under Article 94 of the Constitution of India . As per Article 94 of Indian Constitution , a Speaker or a Deputy Speaker should vacate his / her office , a ) if he / she ceases to be a member of the House of the People , b ) he / she resigns , or c ) is removed from office by a resolution of the House passed by a majority .","The Speaker of Lok Sabha is both a member of the House and its Presiding Officer . The Speaker conducts the business in the House . He / she decides whether a bill is a money bill or not . He / she maintains discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them . He / she permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence , motion of adjournment , motion of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules . The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting . It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure . Following the 52nd Constitution amendment , the Speaker is vested with the power relating to the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on grounds of defection . The Speaker makes obituary references in the House , formal references to important national and international events and the valedictory address at the conclusion of every Session of the Lok Sabha and also when the term of the House expires . Though a member of the House , the Speaker does not vote in the House except on those rare occasions when there is a tie at the end of a decision . Till date , the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been called upon to exercise this unique casting vote . While the office of Speaker is vacant due to absence / resignation / removal , the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or , if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant , by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose . The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff .","Shri G.V. Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha ( 15 May 1952 -- 27 February 1956 ) and Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker ( 30 May 1952 -- 7 March 1956 ) . In the 16th Lok Sabha , Sumitra Mahajan was elected as the speaker on 3 June 2014 , and is its second woman speaker and Shri M. Thambidurai as the deputy speaker .","State / Union Territory Type No. of constituencies Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory Andhra Pradesh State 25 Arunachal Pradesh State Assam State 14 Bihar State 40 Chandigarh Union Territory Chhattisgarh State 11 Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory Daman and Diu Union Territory National Capital Territory of Delhi Union Territory 7 Goa State Gujarat State 26 Haryana State 10 Himachal Pradesh State Jammu and Kashmir State 6 Jharkhand State 14 Karnataka State 28 Kerala State 20 Lakshadweep Union Territory Madhya Pradesh State 29 Maharashtra State 48 Manipur State Meghalaya State Mizoram State Nagaland State Odisha State 21 Puducherry Union Territory Punjab State 13 Rajasthan State 25 Sikkim State Tamil Nadu State 39 Telangana State 17 Tripura State Uttarakhand State 5 Uttar Pradesh State 80 West Bengal State 42","State / Union Territory Type No. of constituencies","Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory","Andhra Pradesh State 25","Arunachal Pradesh State","Assam State 14","Bihar State 40","Chandigarh Union Territory","Chhattisgarh State 11","Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory","Daman and Diu Union Territory","National Capital Territory of Delhi Union Territory 7","Goa State","Gujarat State 26","Haryana State 10","Himachal Pradesh State","Jammu and Kashmir State 6","Jharkhand State 14","Karnataka State 28","Kerala State 20","Lakshadweep Union Territory","Madhya Pradesh State 29","Maharashtra State 48","Manipur State","Meghalaya State","Mizoram State","Nagaland State","Odisha State 21","Puducherry Union Territory","Punjab State 13","Rajasthan State 25","Sikkim State","Tamil Nadu State 39","Telangana State 17","Tripura State","Uttarakhand State 5","Uttar Pradesh State 80","West Bengal State 42","Lok Sabha is constituted after the general election as follows :","Lok Sabha General Election 1st Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1951 -- 52 2nd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1957 3rd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1962 4th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1967 5th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1971 6th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1977 7th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1980 8th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1984 9th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1989 10th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1991 11th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1996 12th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1998 13th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1999 14th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2004 15th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2009 16th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2014","Lok Sabha General Election","1st Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1951 -- 52","2nd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1957","3rd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1962","4th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1967","5th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1971","6th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1977","7th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1980","8th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1984","9th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1989","10th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1991","11th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1996","12th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1998","13th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1999","14th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2004","15th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2009","16th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2014","Currently elected members of 16th Lok Sabha by their political party ( As of 27 August 2018 ) :","Alliance Party Seats National Democratic Alliance Seats : 313 Bharatiya Janata Party 271 Shiv Sena 18 Lok Janshakti Party 6 Shiromani Akali Dal Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Apna Dal Janata Dal ( United ) All India N.R. Congress Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Pattali Makkal Katchi Sikkim Democratic Front Speaker of the House , BJP Nominated Anglo - Indians , BJP United Progressive Alliance Seats : 53 Indian National Congress 48 Indian Union Muslim League Janata Dal ( Secular ) Rashtriya Lok Dal Revolutionary Socialist Party Janata Parivar Seats : 5 Rashtriya Janata Dal Indian National Lok Dal Other Parties Seats : 159 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 37 All India Trinamool Congress 34 Biju Janata Dal 19 Telugu Desam Party 16 Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11 Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) 9 Nationalist Congress Party 7 Samajwadi Party 7 Aam Aadmi Party YSR Congress Party All India United Democratic Front Jharkhand Mukti Morcha All India Majlis - e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Communist Party of India Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Swabhimani Paksha Jan Adhikar Party ( L ) ( Expelled RJD Member ) Independents Vacant Seats Anantnag , Bellary , Shimoga , Mandya , Ongole , Kadapa , Nellore , Tirupati , Rajampet , Kottayam , Kendrapara and Tura constituencies . 12 Total 545","Alliance Party Seats","National Democratic Alliance Seats : 313 Bharatiya Janata Party 271","Shiv Sena 18","Lok Janshakti Party 6","Shiromani Akali Dal","Rashtriya Lok Samta Party","Apna Dal","Janata Dal ( United )","All India N.R. Congress","Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party","Pattali Makkal Katchi","Sikkim Democratic Front","Speaker of the House , BJP","Nominated Anglo - Indians , BJP","United Progressive Alliance Seats : 53 Indian National Congress 48","Indian Union Muslim League","Janata Dal ( Secular )","Rashtriya Lok Dal","Revolutionary Socialist Party","Janata Parivar Seats : 5 Rashtriya Janata Dal","Indian National Lok Dal","Other Parties Seats : 159 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 37","All India Trinamool Congress 34","Biju Janata Dal 19","Telugu Desam Party 16","Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11","Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) 9","Nationalist Congress Party 7","Samajwadi Party 7","Aam Aadmi Party","YSR Congress Party","All India United Democratic Front","Jharkhand Mukti Morcha","All India Majlis - e-Ittehadul Muslimeen","Communist Party of India","Jammu & Kashmir National Conference","Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party","Swabhimani Paksha","Jan Adhikar Party ( L ) ( Expelled RJD Member )","Independents","Vacant Seats Anantnag , Bellary , Shimoga , Mandya , Ongole , Kadapa , Nellore , Tirupati , Rajampet , Kottayam , Kendrapara and Tura constituencies . 12","Total 545"],"string":"[\n \"This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain irrelevant information . Please help improve this article if you can . ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain irrelevant information . Please help improve this article if you can . ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"Coordinates : 28 ° 37 ′ 3 '' N 77 ° 12 ′ 30 '' E / 28.61750 ° N 77.20833 ° E / 28.61750 ; 77.20833\",\n \"Lok Sabha House of the People 16th Lok Sabha Emblem of India Type Type Lower house of the Parliament of India Term limits 5 years Leadership Speaker Sumitra Mahajan , BJP Since 6 June 2014 Deputy Speaker M. Thambidurai , AIADMK Since 13 August 2014 Leader of the House Narendra Modi , BJP Since 26 May 2014 Leader of the Opposition Vacant , as none of the opposition parties has more than 10 % of seats . Since 26 May 2014 Structure Seats 545 ( 543 elected + 2 Nominated from the Anglo - Indian Community by the President ) Political groups Government coalition ( 313 ) National Democratic Alliance ( 313 ) BJP ( 271 ) SS ( 18 ) LJP ( 6 ) SAD ( 4 ) RLSP ( 3 ) AD ( 2 ) JD ( U ) ( 2 ) AINRC ( 1 ) NDPP ( 1 ) PMK ( 1 ) SDF ( 1 ) Speaker , BJP ( 1 ) Nominated , BJP ( 2 ) Opposition Parties ( 220 ) United Progressive Alliance ( 53 ) INC ( 48 ) IUML ( 2 ) JD ( S ) ( 1 ) RLD ( 1 ) RSP ( 1 ) Janata Parivar Parties ( 5 ) RJD ( 3 ) INLD ( 2 ) Unaligned Parties ( 159 ) AIADMK ( 37 ) AITC ( 34 ) BJD ( 19 ) TDP ( 16 ) TRS ( 11 ) CPI ( M ) ( 9 ) NCP ( 7 ) SP ( 7 ) AAP ( 4 ) YSRCP ( 4 ) AIUDF ( 3 ) JMM ( 2 ) AIMIM ( 1 ) CPI ( 1 ) JKNC ( 1 ) JKPDP ( 1 ) SWP ( 1 ) JAP ( L ) ( 1 ) Others ( 3 ) Independents ( 3 ) Vacant ( 12 ) Vacant ( 12 ) Elections Voting system First past the post Last election 7 April -- 12 May 2014 Next election April -- May 2019 Motto धर्मचक्रपरिवर्तनाय Meeting place Lok Sabha Chambers , Sansad Bhavan , Sansad Marg , New Delhi , India Website loksabha.gov.in\",\n \"Lok Sabha House of the People\",\n \"16th Lok Sabha\",\n \"Emblem of India\",\n \"Type\",\n \"Type Lower house of the Parliament of India\",\n \"Term limits 5 years\",\n \"Leadership\",\n \"Speaker Sumitra Mahajan , BJP Since 6 June 2014\",\n \"Deputy Speaker M. Thambidurai , AIADMK Since 13 August 2014\",\n \"Leader of the House Narendra Modi , BJP Since 26 May 2014\",\n \"Leader of the Opposition Vacant , as none of the opposition parties has more than 10 % of seats . Since 26 May 2014\",\n \"Structure\",\n \"Seats 545 ( 543 elected + 2 Nominated from the Anglo - Indian Community by the President )\",\n \"Political groups Government coalition ( 313 ) National Democratic Alliance ( 313 ) BJP ( 271 ) SS ( 18 ) LJP ( 6 ) SAD ( 4 ) RLSP ( 3 ) AD ( 2 ) JD ( U ) ( 2 ) AINRC ( 1 ) NDPP ( 1 ) PMK ( 1 ) SDF ( 1 ) Speaker , BJP ( 1 ) Nominated , BJP ( 2 ) Opposition Parties ( 220 ) United Progressive Alliance ( 53 ) INC ( 48 ) IUML ( 2 ) JD ( S ) ( 1 ) RLD ( 1 ) RSP ( 1 ) Janata Parivar Parties ( 5 ) RJD ( 3 ) INLD ( 2 ) Unaligned Parties ( 159 ) AIADMK ( 37 ) AITC ( 34 ) BJD ( 19 ) TDP ( 16 ) TRS ( 11 ) CPI ( M ) ( 9 ) NCP ( 7 ) SP ( 7 ) AAP ( 4 ) YSRCP ( 4 ) AIUDF ( 3 ) JMM ( 2 ) AIMIM ( 1 ) CPI ( 1 ) JKNC ( 1 ) JKPDP ( 1 ) SWP ( 1 ) JAP ( L ) ( 1 ) Others ( 3 ) Independents ( 3 ) Vacant ( 12 ) Vacant ( 12 )\",\n \"Government coalition ( 313 ) National Democratic Alliance ( 313 )\",\n \"BJP ( 271 ) SS ( 18 ) LJP ( 6 ) SAD ( 4 ) RLSP ( 3 ) AD ( 2 ) JD ( U ) ( 2 ) AINRC ( 1 ) NDPP ( 1 ) PMK ( 1 ) SDF ( 1 ) Speaker , BJP ( 1 ) Nominated , BJP ( 2 )\",\n \"BJP ( 271 )\",\n \"SS ( 18 )\",\n \"LJP ( 6 )\",\n \"SAD ( 4 )\",\n \"RLSP ( 3 )\",\n \"AD ( 2 )\",\n \"JD ( U ) ( 2 )\",\n \"AINRC ( 1 )\",\n \"NDPP ( 1 )\",\n \"PMK ( 1 )\",\n \"SDF ( 1 )\",\n \"Speaker , BJP ( 1 )\",\n \"Nominated , BJP ( 2 )\",\n \"Opposition Parties ( 220 ) United Progressive Alliance ( 53 )\",\n \"INC ( 48 ) IUML ( 2 ) JD ( S ) ( 1 ) RLD ( 1 ) RSP ( 1 )\",\n \"INC ( 48 )\",\n \"IUML ( 2 )\",\n \"JD ( S ) ( 1 )\",\n \"RLD ( 1 )\",\n \"RSP ( 1 )\",\n \"Janata Parivar Parties ( 5 )\",\n \"RJD ( 3 ) INLD ( 2 )\",\n \"RJD ( 3 )\",\n \"INLD ( 2 )\",\n \"Unaligned Parties ( 159 )\",\n \"AIADMK ( 37 ) AITC ( 34 ) BJD ( 19 ) TDP ( 16 ) TRS ( 11 ) CPI ( M ) ( 9 ) NCP ( 7 ) SP ( 7 ) AAP ( 4 ) YSRCP ( 4 ) AIUDF ( 3 ) JMM ( 2 ) AIMIM ( 1 ) CPI ( 1 ) JKNC ( 1 ) JKPDP ( 1 ) SWP ( 1 ) JAP ( L ) ( 1 )\",\n \"AIADMK ( 37 )\",\n \"AITC ( 34 )\",\n \"BJD ( 19 )\",\n \"TDP ( 16 )\",\n \"TRS ( 11 )\",\n \"CPI ( M ) ( 9 )\",\n \"NCP ( 7 )\",\n \"SP ( 7 )\",\n \"AAP ( 4 )\",\n \"YSRCP ( 4 )\",\n \"AIUDF ( 3 )\",\n \"JMM ( 2 )\",\n \"AIMIM ( 1 )\",\n \"CPI ( 1 )\",\n \"JKNC ( 1 )\",\n \"JKPDP ( 1 )\",\n \"SWP ( 1 )\",\n \"JAP ( L ) ( 1 )\",\n \"Others ( 3 )\",\n \"Independents ( 3 )\",\n \"Independents ( 3 )\",\n \"Vacant ( 12 )\",\n \"Vacant ( 12 )\",\n \"Vacant ( 12 )\",\n \"Elections\",\n \"Voting system First past the post\",\n \"Last election 7 April -- 12 May 2014\",\n \"Next election April -- May 2019\",\n \"Motto\",\n \"धर्मचक्रपरिवर्तनाय\",\n \"Meeting place\",\n \"Lok Sabha Chambers , Sansad Bhavan , Sansad Marg , New Delhi , India\",\n \"Website\",\n \"loksabha.gov.in\",\n \"The Lok Sabha ( House of the People ) is the lower house of India 's bicameral Parliament , with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha . Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by adult universal suffrage and a first - past - the - post system to represent their respective constituencies , and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers . The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi .\",\n \"The maximum strength of the House allotted by the Constitution of India is 552 . Currently the house has 545 seats which is made up by election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum , 2 nominated members of the Anglo - Indian Community by the President of India . A total of 131 seats ( 24.03 % ) are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes ( 84 ) and Scheduled Tribes ( 47 ) . The quorum for the House is 10 % of the total membership . The Lok Sabha , unless sooner dissolved , continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting . However , while a proclamation of emergency is in operation , this period may be extended by Parliament by law .\",\n \"An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies ' boundaries is carried out by the Boundary Delimitation Commission of India every decade based on the Indian census , last of which was conducted in 2001 . This exercise earlier also included redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes but that provision of the mandate of the commission was suspended in 1976 following a constitutional amendment to incentivise the family planning programme which was being implemented . The 16th Lok Sabha was elected in May 2014 and is the latest to date .\",\n \"The Lok Sabha has its own television channel , Lok Sabha TV , headquartered within the premises of Parliament .\",\n \"This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"A major portion of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1858 to 1947 . During this period , the office of the Secretary of State for India ( along with the Council of India ) was the authority through whom British Parliament exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent , and the office of Viceroy of India was created , along with an Executive Council in India , consisting of high officials of the British government . The Indian Councils Act 1861 provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members . The Indian Councils Act 1892 established legislatures in each of the provinces of British India and increased the powers of the Legislative Council . Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government , their power still remained limited , and the electorate very small . The Indian Councils Act 1909 and the Government of India Act 1919 further expanded the participation of Indians in the administration . The Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and proposed a federal structure in India . The Indian Independence Act 1947 , passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947 , divided British India ( which did not include the Princely States ) into two new independent countries , India and Pakistan , which were to be dominions under the Crown until they had each enacted a new constitution . The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations , with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion .\",\n \"The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950 , proclaiming India to be a sovereign , democratic republic . This contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India in its new form , which now included all the princely states which had not acceded to Pakistan .\",\n \"According to Article 79 ( Part V - The Union . ) of the Constitution of India , the Parliament of India consists of the President of India and the two Houses of Parliament known as the Council of States ( Rajya Sabha ) and the House of the People ( Lok Sabha ) .\",\n \"The Lok Sabha ( House of the Leaders ) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952 .\",\n \"Session of Lok Sabha commenced on Date Session No . Date First 13 May 1952 Second April 1957 Third April 1962 Fourth March 1967 Fifth March 1971 Sixth March 1977 Seventh January 1980 Eighth December 1984 Ninth December 1989 Tenth June 1991 Eleventh May 1996 Twelfth March 1998 Thirteenth October 1999 Fourteenth May 2004 Fifteenth May 2009 Sixteenth ( Current ) May 2014\",\n \"Session No . Date\",\n \"First 13 May 1952\",\n \"Second April 1957\",\n \"Third April 1962\",\n \"Fourth March 1967\",\n \"Fifth March 1971\",\n \"Sixth March 1977\",\n \"Seventh January 1980\",\n \"Eighth December 1984\",\n \"Ninth December 1989\",\n \"Tenth June 1991\",\n \"Eleventh May 1996\",\n \"Twelfth March 1998\",\n \"Thirteenth October 1999\",\n \"Fourteenth May 2004\",\n \"Fifteenth May 2009\",\n \"Sixteenth ( Current ) May 2014\",\n \"Article 84 ( Part V. -- The Union ) of Indian Constitution sets qualifications for being a member of Lok Sabha , which are as follows :\",\n \"He / She should be a citizen of India , and must subscribe before the Election Commission of India an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule of Indian Constitution . He / She should not be less than 25 years of age . He / She possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament . He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict , a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law ; and He / She should have his / her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country .\",\n \"He / She should be a citizen of India , and must subscribe before the Election Commission of India an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule of Indian Constitution .\",\n \"He / She should not be less than 25 years of age .\",\n \"He / She possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament .\",\n \"He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict , a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law ; and\",\n \"He / She should have his / her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country .\",\n \"However , a member can be disqualified of being a member of Parliament :\",\n \"If he / she holds office of profit ; If he / she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court If he / she is an undischarged insolvent ; If he / she is not a citizen of India , or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State , or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State ; If he / she is violating party discipline ( as per Tenth schedule of the constitution ) ; disqualified under Representation of People Act .\",\n \"If he / she holds office of profit ;\",\n \"If he / she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court\",\n \"If he / she is an undischarged insolvent ;\",\n \"If he / she is not a citizen of India , or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State , or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State ;\",\n \"If he / she is violating party discipline ( as per Tenth schedule of the constitution ) ; disqualified under Representation of People Act .\",\n \"A seat in the Lok Sabha will become vacant in the following circumstances ( during normal functioning of the House ) :\",\n \"When the holder of the seat , by writing to the speaker , resigns . When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House , without prior permission of the Speaker . When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament . A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the ' Anti-Defection Law ' .\",\n \"When the holder of the seat , by writing to the speaker , resigns .\",\n \"When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House , without prior permission of the Speaker .\",\n \"When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament .\",\n \"A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the ' Anti-Defection Law ' .\",\n \"Furthermore , as per article 101 ( Part V. -- The Union ) of the Indian Constitution , a person can not be :\",\n \"A member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other . A member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State .\",\n \"A member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other .\",\n \"A member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State .\",\n \"Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India , on the basis of Universal Suffrage . For the purpose of holding direct elections to Lok Sabha ; each state is divided into territorial constituencies . In this respect , the constitution of India makes the following two provisions :\",\n \"Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population is same for all the states of India . This provision does not apply for states having a population of less than 6 million ( 60 lakhs ) . Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it remain the same throughout the state .\",\n \"Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population is same for all the states of India . This provision does not apply for states having a population of less than 6 million ( 60 lakhs ) .\",\n \"Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it remain the same throughout the state .\",\n \"The expression population while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the census of 1971 . The expression population while distributing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained at the census of 2001 .\",\n \"The expression population while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the census of 1971 .\",\n \"The expression population while distributing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained at the census of 2001 .\",\n \"The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha .\",\n \"Motions of no confidence against the government can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha . If passed by a majority vote , the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resign collectively . The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion , and hence has no real power over the executive . This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha , not to the Rajya Sabha . Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha , and upon being passed , are sent to the Rajya Sabha , where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days . If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha , or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House , or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha , the bill is considered passed . The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister in the name of the President of India . In matters pertaining to non-financial ( ordinary ) bills , after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled ( Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha ) , it is sent to the other house , where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months . If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House , or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house , it results in a deadlock . This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses , presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority . Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard , in reality it is the Lok Sabha 's opinions that mostly prevails -- due to its bigger numerical strength . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment ( by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President ( by two - thirds of the membership of the House ) . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in impeachment process ( initiating and passing a motion for the removal ) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts ( by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) , who then can be removed by the President of India . Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency ( by two - thirds majority ) or constitutional emergency ( by simple majority ) in a state . If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency , the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament . It can not be dissolved . This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha . But there is a possibility that president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six - month if the said proclamation ceases to operate .\",\n \"Motions of no confidence against the government can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha . If passed by a majority vote , the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resign collectively . The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion , and hence has no real power over the executive . This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha , not to the Rajya Sabha .\",\n \"Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha , and upon being passed , are sent to the Rajya Sabha , where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days . If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha , or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House , or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha , the bill is considered passed . The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister in the name of the President of India .\",\n \"In matters pertaining to non-financial ( ordinary ) bills , after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled ( Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha ) , it is sent to the other house , where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months . If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House , or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house , it results in a deadlock . This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses , presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority . Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard , in reality it is the Lok Sabha 's opinions that mostly prevails -- due to its bigger numerical strength .\",\n \"Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment ( by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) .\",\n \"Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President ( by two - thirds of the membership of the House ) .\",\n \"Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in impeachment process ( initiating and passing a motion for the removal ) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts ( by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two - thirds majority of the members present and voting ) , who then can be removed by the President of India .\",\n \"Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency ( by two - thirds majority ) or constitutional emergency ( by simple majority ) in a state .\",\n \"If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency , the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament . It can not be dissolved . This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha . But there is a possibility that president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six - month if the said proclamation ceases to operate .\",\n \"In conclusion , it is clear that the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in almost all matters . Even in those matters in which the Constitution has placed both Houses on an equal footing , the Lok Sabha has more influence due to its greater numerical strength . This is typical of any Parliamentary democracy , with the lower House always being more powerful than the upper .\",\n \"The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions issued by the Speaker from time to time there under regulate the procedure in Lok Sabha . The items of business , notice of which is received from the Ministers / Private Members and admitted by the Speaker , are included in the daily List of Business which is printed and circulated to members in advance . For various items of business to be taken up in the House the time is allotted by the House on the recommendations of the Business Advisory Committee . The Speaker presides over the sessions of the House and regulates procedure .\",\n \"Three sessions of Lok Sabha take place in a year :\",\n \"Budget session : February to May . Monsoon session : July to September . Winter session : November to mid December .\",\n \"Budget session : February to May .\",\n \"Monsoon session : July to September .\",\n \"Winter session : November to mid December .\",\n \"When in session , Lok Sabha holds its sittings usually from 11 A.M. to 1 P.M. and from 2 P.M. to 6 P.M. On some days the sittings are continuously held without observing lunch break and are also extended beyond 6 P.M. depending upon the business before the House . Lok Sabha does not ordinarily sit on Saturdays and Sundays and other closed holidays .\",\n \"The first hour of every sitting is called Question Hour . Asking questions in Parliament is the free and unfettered right of members , and during Question Hour they may ask questions of ministers on different aspects of administration and government policy in the national and international spheres . Every minister whose turn it is to answer to questions has to stand up and answer for his department 's acts of omission or commission .\",\n \"Questions are of three types -- Starred , Unstarred and Short Notice . A Starred Question is one to which a member desires an oral answer in the House and which is distinguished by an asterisk mark . An unstarred Question is one which is not called for oral answer in the house and on which no supplementary questions can consequently be asked . An answer to such a question is given in writing . Minimum period of notice for starred / unstarred question is 10 clear days . If the questions given notice of are admitted by the Speaker , they are listed and printed for answer on the dates allotted to the Ministries to which the subject matter of the question pertains .\",\n \"The normal period of notice does not apply to short notice questions which relate to matters of urgent public importance . However , a Short Notice Question may be answered only on short notice if so permitted by the Speaker and the Minister concerned is prepared to answer it at shorter notice . A short notice question is taken up for answer immediately after the Question Hour , popularly known as Zero Hour .\",\n \"The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as `` Zero Hour '' . It starts at around 12 noon ( hence the name ) and members can , with prior notice to the Speaker , raise issues of importance during this time . Typically , discussions on important Bills , the Budget , and other issues of national importance take place from 2 pm onwards .\",\n \"After the Question Hour , the House takes up miscellaneous items of work before proceeding to the main business of the day . These may consist of one or more of the following : Adjournment Motions , Questions involving breaches of Privileges , Papers to be laid on the Table , Communication of any messages from Rajya Sabha , Intimations regarding President 's assent to Bills , Calling Attention Notices , Matters under Rule 377 , Presentation of Reports of Parliamentary Committee , Presentation of Petitions , miscellaneous statements by Ministers , Motions regarding elections to Committees , Bills to be withdrawn or introduced .\",\n \"The main business of the day may be consideration of a Bill or financial business or consideration of a resolution or a motion .\",\n \"Legislative proposals in the form of a Bill can be brought forward either by a Minister or by a private member . In the former case it is known as Government Bill and in the latter case it is known as a Private Members ' Bill . Every Bill passes through three stages -- called three readings -- before it is passed . To become law it must be passed by both the Houses of Parliament , Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha , and then assented to by the president .\",\n \"The presentation , discussion of , and voting on the annual General and Railways budgets -- followed by the passing of the Appropriations Bill and the Finance Bill -- is a long , drawn - out process that takes up a major part of the time of the House during its Budget Session every year .\",\n \"Among other kinds of business that come up before the House are resolutions and motions . Resolutions and motions may be brought forward by Government or by private members . Government may move a resolution or a motion for obtaining the sanction to a scheme or opinion of the House on an important matter of policy or on a grave situation . Similarly , a private member may move a resolution or motion in order to draw the attention of the House and of the Government to a particular problem . The last two and half hours of sitting on every Friday are generally allotted for transaction of private members ' business . While private members ' bills are taken up on one Friday , private members ' resolutions are taken up on the succeeding Friday , and so on .\",\n \"Most of the business of drafting a bill or amendments are initially discussed and debated in the parliamentary committees . Since the time for legislation is limited , work of all departments of the government and any special focus tasks is delegated to the committees , wherein the committees shall prepare the initial draft of the bill / amendment for the consideration by both the houses . They consist of members from both the houses .\",\n \"There are primarily two kinds of parliamentary committees based on their nature --\",\n \"Parliament Standing Committees ( PSC ) -- Permanent in nature , reconstituted time to time with every new election . Department based Others Ad hoc Committees -- Created for specific purpose and ceases to exist when that purpose is achieved .\",\n \"Parliament Standing Committees ( PSC ) -- Permanent in nature , reconstituted time to time with every new election . Department based Others\",\n \"Department based Others\",\n \"Ad hoc Committees -- Created for specific purpose and ceases to exist when that purpose is achieved .\",\n \"A Half - an - Hour Discussion can be raised on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question in Lok Sabha irrespective of the fact whether the question was answered orally or the answer was laid on the Table of the House and the answer which needs elucidation on a matter of fact . Normally not more than half an hour is allowed for such a discussion . Usually , half - an - hour discussion is listed on Mondays , Wednesdays and Fridays only . In one session , a member is allowed to raise not more than two half - an - hour discussions . During the discussion , the member , who has given notice , makes a short statement and not more than four members , who have intimated earlier and have secured one of the four places in the ballot , are permitted to ask a question each for further elucidating any matter of fact . Thereafter , the Minister concerned replies . There is no formal motion before the House nor voting .\",\n \"Members may raise discussions on matters of urgent public importance with the permission of the Speaker . Such discussions may take place on two days in a week . No formal motion is moved in the House nor is there any voting on such a discussion .\",\n \"After the member who initiates discussion on an item of business has spoken , other members can speak on that item of business in such order as the Speaker may call upon them . Only one member can speak at a time and all speeches are directed to the Chair . A matter requiring the decision of the House is decided by means of a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member .\",\n \"A division is one of the forms in which the decision of the House is ascertained . Normally , when a motion is put to the House members for and against it indicate their opinion by saying `` Aye '' or `` No '' from their seats . The Chair goes by the voices and declares that the motion is either accepted or rejected by the House . If a member challenges the decision , the Chair orders that the lobbies be cleared . Then the division bell is rung and an entire network of bells installed in the various parts and rooms in Parliament House and Parliament House Annexe rings continuously for three and a half minutes . Members and Ministers rush to the Chamber from all sides . After the bell stops , all the doors to the Chamber are closed and nobody can enter or leave the Chamber till the division is over . Then the Chair puts the question for second time and declares whether in its opinion the `` Ayes '' or the `` Noes '' , have it . If the opinion so declared is again challenged , the Chair asks the votes to be recorded by operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment .\",\n \"With the announcement of the Speaker for recording the votes , the Secretary - General of the Lok Sabha presses the button of a key board . Then a gong sounds , serving as a signal to members for casting their votes . To vote , each member present in the Chamber has to flip a switch and then operate one of the three push buttons fixed in their seat . The push switch must be kept pressed simultaneously until the gong sounds for the second time after 10 seconds . There are two indicator boards installed in the wall on either side of the Speaker 's chair in the Chamber . Each vote cast by a member is flashed here . Immediately after the votes are cast , they are totalled mechanically and the details of the results are flashed on the Result Indicator Boards installed in the railings of the Speaker 's and Diplomatic Galleries .\",\n \"Divisions are normally held with the aid of the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment . Where so directed by the Speaker in terms of relevant provision in the Rules of Procedure etc. in Lok Sabha , divisions may be held either by distribution of ' Aye ' / ' No ' and ' Abstention ' slips to members in the House or by the members recording their votes by going into the lobbies . There is an Indicator Board in the machine room showing the name of each member . The result of Division and vote cast by each member with the aid of Automatic Vote Recording Equipment appear also on this Board and immediately a photograph of the Indicator Board is taken . Later the Photograph is enlarged and the names of members who voted ' Ayes ' and for ' Noes ' are determined with the help of the photograph and incorporated in Lok Sabha Debates .\",\n \"Three versions of Lok Sabha Debates are prepared : the Hindi version , the English version and the Original version . Only the Hindi and English versions are printed . The Original version , in cyclostyled form , is kept in the Parliament Library for record and reference . The Hindi version contains proceedings ( all Questions asked and Answers given thereto and speeches made ) in Hindi , and verbatim Hindi translation of proceedings in English or in regional languages . The English version contains proceedings in English and the English translation of the proceedings which take place in Hindi or in any regional language . The Original version , however , contains proceedings in Hindi or in English as they actually took place in the House and also the English / Hindi translation of speeches made in regional languages .\",\n \"If conflicting legislation is enacted by the two Houses , a joint sitting is held to resolve the differences . In such a session , the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail , since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha .\",\n \"Speaker and Deputy Speaker\",\n \"As per Article 93 of Indian Constitution , the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker . In the Lok Sabha , both presiding officers -- the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker - are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House . No specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected Speaker ; the Constitution only requires that Speaker should be a member of the House . But an understanding of the Constitution and the laws of the country and the rules of procedure and conventions of Parliament is considered a major asset for the holder of the office of the Speaker . Vacation and resignation of , and removal from , the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker are mentioned under Article 94 of the Constitution of India . As per Article 94 of Indian Constitution , a Speaker or a Deputy Speaker should vacate his / her office , a ) if he / she ceases to be a member of the House of the People , b ) he / she resigns , or c ) is removed from office by a resolution of the House passed by a majority .\",\n \"The Speaker of Lok Sabha is both a member of the House and its Presiding Officer . The Speaker conducts the business in the House . He / she decides whether a bill is a money bill or not . He / she maintains discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them . He / she permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence , motion of adjournment , motion of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules . The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting . It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure . Following the 52nd Constitution amendment , the Speaker is vested with the power relating to the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on grounds of defection . The Speaker makes obituary references in the House , formal references to important national and international events and the valedictory address at the conclusion of every Session of the Lok Sabha and also when the term of the House expires . Though a member of the House , the Speaker does not vote in the House except on those rare occasions when there is a tie at the end of a decision . Till date , the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been called upon to exercise this unique casting vote . While the office of Speaker is vacant due to absence / resignation / removal , the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or , if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant , by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose . The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff .\",\n \"Shri G.V. Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha ( 15 May 1952 -- 27 February 1956 ) and Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker ( 30 May 1952 -- 7 March 1956 ) . In the 16th Lok Sabha , Sumitra Mahajan was elected as the speaker on 3 June 2014 , and is its second woman speaker and Shri M. Thambidurai as the deputy speaker .\",\n \"State / Union Territory Type No. of constituencies Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory Andhra Pradesh State 25 Arunachal Pradesh State Assam State 14 Bihar State 40 Chandigarh Union Territory Chhattisgarh State 11 Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory Daman and Diu Union Territory National Capital Territory of Delhi Union Territory 7 Goa State Gujarat State 26 Haryana State 10 Himachal Pradesh State Jammu and Kashmir State 6 Jharkhand State 14 Karnataka State 28 Kerala State 20 Lakshadweep Union Territory Madhya Pradesh State 29 Maharashtra State 48 Manipur State Meghalaya State Mizoram State Nagaland State Odisha State 21 Puducherry Union Territory Punjab State 13 Rajasthan State 25 Sikkim State Tamil Nadu State 39 Telangana State 17 Tripura State Uttarakhand State 5 Uttar Pradesh State 80 West Bengal State 42\",\n \"State / Union Territory Type No. of constituencies\",\n \"Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory\",\n \"Andhra Pradesh State 25\",\n \"Arunachal Pradesh State\",\n \"Assam State 14\",\n \"Bihar State 40\",\n \"Chandigarh Union Territory\",\n \"Chhattisgarh State 11\",\n \"Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory\",\n \"Daman and Diu Union Territory\",\n \"National Capital Territory of Delhi Union Territory 7\",\n \"Goa State\",\n \"Gujarat State 26\",\n \"Haryana State 10\",\n \"Himachal Pradesh State\",\n \"Jammu and Kashmir State 6\",\n \"Jharkhand State 14\",\n \"Karnataka State 28\",\n \"Kerala State 20\",\n \"Lakshadweep Union Territory\",\n \"Madhya Pradesh State 29\",\n \"Maharashtra State 48\",\n \"Manipur State\",\n \"Meghalaya State\",\n \"Mizoram State\",\n \"Nagaland State\",\n \"Odisha State 21\",\n \"Puducherry Union Territory\",\n \"Punjab State 13\",\n \"Rajasthan State 25\",\n \"Sikkim State\",\n \"Tamil Nadu State 39\",\n \"Telangana State 17\",\n \"Tripura State\",\n \"Uttarakhand State 5\",\n \"Uttar Pradesh State 80\",\n \"West Bengal State 42\",\n \"Lok Sabha is constituted after the general election as follows :\",\n \"Lok Sabha General Election 1st Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1951 -- 52 2nd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1957 3rd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1962 4th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1967 5th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1971 6th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1977 7th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1980 8th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1984 9th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1989 10th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1991 11th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1996 12th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1998 13th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1999 14th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2004 15th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2009 16th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2014\",\n \"Lok Sabha General Election\",\n \"1st Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1951 -- 52\",\n \"2nd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1957\",\n \"3rd Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1962\",\n \"4th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1967\",\n \"5th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1971\",\n \"6th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1977\",\n \"7th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1980\",\n \"8th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1984\",\n \"9th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1989\",\n \"10th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1991\",\n \"11th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1996\",\n \"12th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1998\",\n \"13th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 1999\",\n \"14th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2004\",\n \"15th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2009\",\n \"16th Lok Sabha Indian general election , 2014\",\n \"Currently elected members of 16th Lok Sabha by their political party ( As of 27 August 2018 ) :\",\n \"Alliance Party Seats National Democratic Alliance Seats : 313 Bharatiya Janata Party 271 Shiv Sena 18 Lok Janshakti Party 6 Shiromani Akali Dal Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Apna Dal Janata Dal ( United ) All India N.R. Congress Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Pattali Makkal Katchi Sikkim Democratic Front Speaker of the House , BJP Nominated Anglo - Indians , BJP United Progressive Alliance Seats : 53 Indian National Congress 48 Indian Union Muslim League Janata Dal ( Secular ) Rashtriya Lok Dal Revolutionary Socialist Party Janata Parivar Seats : 5 Rashtriya Janata Dal Indian National Lok Dal Other Parties Seats : 159 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 37 All India Trinamool Congress 34 Biju Janata Dal 19 Telugu Desam Party 16 Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11 Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) 9 Nationalist Congress Party 7 Samajwadi Party 7 Aam Aadmi Party YSR Congress Party All India United Democratic Front Jharkhand Mukti Morcha All India Majlis - e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Communist Party of India Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Swabhimani Paksha Jan Adhikar Party ( L ) ( Expelled RJD Member ) Independents Vacant Seats Anantnag , Bellary , Shimoga , Mandya , Ongole , Kadapa , Nellore , Tirupati , Rajampet , Kottayam , Kendrapara and Tura constituencies . 12 Total 545\",\n \"Alliance Party Seats\",\n \"National Democratic Alliance Seats : 313 Bharatiya Janata Party 271\",\n \"Shiv Sena 18\",\n \"Lok Janshakti Party 6\",\n \"Shiromani Akali Dal\",\n \"Rashtriya Lok Samta Party\",\n \"Apna Dal\",\n \"Janata Dal ( United )\",\n \"All India N.R. Congress\",\n \"Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party\",\n \"Pattali Makkal Katchi\",\n \"Sikkim Democratic Front\",\n \"Speaker of the House , BJP\",\n \"Nominated Anglo - Indians , BJP\",\n \"United Progressive Alliance Seats : 53 Indian National Congress 48\",\n \"Indian Union Muslim League\",\n \"Janata Dal ( Secular )\",\n \"Rashtriya Lok Dal\",\n \"Revolutionary Socialist Party\",\n \"Janata Parivar Seats : 5 Rashtriya Janata Dal\",\n \"Indian National Lok Dal\",\n \"Other Parties Seats : 159 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 37\",\n \"All India Trinamool Congress 34\",\n \"Biju Janata Dal 19\",\n \"Telugu Desam Party 16\",\n \"Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11\",\n \"Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) 9\",\n \"Nationalist Congress Party 7\",\n \"Samajwadi Party 7\",\n \"Aam Aadmi Party\",\n \"YSR Congress Party\",\n \"All India United Democratic Front\",\n \"Jharkhand Mukti Morcha\",\n \"All India Majlis - e-Ittehadul Muslimeen\",\n \"Communist Party of India\",\n \"Jammu & Kashmir National Conference\",\n \"Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party\",\n \"Swabhimani Paksha\",\n \"Jan Adhikar Party ( L ) ( Expelled RJD Member )\",\n \"Independents\",\n \"Vacant Seats Anantnag , Bellary , Shimoga , Mandya , Ongole , Kadapa , Nellore , Tirupati , Rajampet , Kottayam , Kendrapara and Tura constituencies . 12\",\n \"Total 545\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"Lok Sabha - Wikipedia Lok Sabha For upper house, see Rajya Sabha . For current list of Lok Sabha members, see List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha . This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards . The specific problem is: this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain irrelevant information. Please help improve this article if you can. (May 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Coordinates : 28° 37′ 3'' N 77° 12′ 30'' E / 28.61750° N 77.20833° E / 28.61750; 77.20833 Lok Sabha House of the People 16th Lok Sabha Emblem of India Type Type Lower house of the Parliament of India Term limits 5 years Leadership Speaker Sumitra Mahajan , BJP Since 6 June 2014 Deputy Speaker M. Thambidurai , AIADMK Since 13 August 2014 Leader of the House Narendra Modi , BJP Since 26 May 2014 Leader of the Opposition Vacant, as none of the opposition parties has more than 10% of seats. Since 26 May 2014 Structure Seats 545 (543 elected + 2 Nominated from the Anglo-Indian Community by the President ) Political groups Government coalition (313) National Democratic Alliance (313) BJP (271) SS (18) LJP (6) SAD (4) RLSP (3) AD (2) JD(U) (2) AINRC (1) NDPP (1) PMK (1) SDF (1) Speaker , BJP (1) Nominated , BJP (2) Opposition Parties (220) United Progressive Alliance (53) INC (48) IUML (2) JD(S) (1) RLD (1) RSP (1) Janata Parivar Parties (5) RJD (3) INLD (2) Unaligned Parties (159) AIADMK (37) AITC (34) BJD (19) TDP (16) TRS (11) CPI(M) (9) NCP (7) SP (7) AAP (4) YSRCP (4) AIUDF (3) JMM (2) AIMIM (1) CPI (1) JKNC (1) JKPDP (1) SWP (1) JAP(L) (1) Others (3) Independents (3) Vacant (12) Vacant (12) Elections Voting system First past the post Last election 7 April -- 12 May 2014 Next election April -- May 2019 Motto धर्मचक्रपरिवर्तनाय Meeting place Lok Sabha Chambers, Sansad Bhavan , Sansad Marg , New Delhi , India Website loksabha.gov.in The Lok Sabha ( House of the People ) is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament , with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha . Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies , and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers . The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi . The maximum strength of the House allotted by the Constitution of India is 552. Currently the house has 545 seats which is made up by election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum, 2 nominated members of the Anglo-Indian Community by the President of India . A total of 131 seats (24.03%) are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes (84) and Scheduled Tribes (47) . The quorum for the House is 10% of the total membership. The Lok Sabha, unless sooner dissolved, continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. However, while a proclamation of emergency is in operation, this period may be extended by Parliament by law. An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries is carried out by the Boundary Delimitation Commission of India every decade based on the Indian census , last of which was conducted in 2001 . This exercise earlier also included redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes but that provision of the mandate of the commission was suspended in 1976 following a constitutional amendment to incentivise the family planning programme which was being implemented. The 16th Lok Sabha was elected in May 2014 and is the latest to date. The Lok Sabha has its own television channel, Lok Sabha TV , headquartered within the premises of Parliament. Contents 1 History 2 Qualifications 2.1 System of elections in Lok Sabha 3 Powers 4 Procedure 4.1 Procedure in the House 4.2 Sessions and Time of Sittings 4.3 Question Hour 4.4 Zero Hour 4.5 Business after Question Hour 4.6 Main Business 4.6.1 Legislative Business 4.6.2 Financial Business 4.6.3 Motions and Resolutions 4.7 Parliamentary Committees 4.8 Half-an-Hour Discussion 4.9 Discussion on Matters of Urgent Public Importance 4.10 Debate in the House 4.10.1 Division 4.11 Automatic Vote Recording System 4.12 Publication of Debates 5 Officers of Lok Sabha 6 Composition by states and territories 7 Lok Sabha general elections 8 Number of members by party in Lok Sabha 9 See also 10 References 11 External links History ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) A major portion of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1858 to 1947. During this period, the office of the Secretary of State for India (along with the Council of India ) was the authority through whom British Parliament exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent, and the office of Viceroy of India was created, along with an Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British government. The Indian Councils Act 1861 provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members. The Indian Councils Act 1892 established legislatures in each of the provinces of British India and increased the powers of the Legislative Council. Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government, their power still remained limited, and the electorate very small. The Indian Councils Act 1909 and the Government of India Act 1919 further expanded the participation of Indians in the administration. The Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and proposed a federal structure in India. The Indian Independence Act 1947 , passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947, divided British India (which did not include the Princely States ) into two new independent countries, India and Pakistan, which were to be dominions under the Crown until they had each enacted a new constitution. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, proclaiming India to be a sovereign, democratic republic. This contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India in its new form, which now included all the princely states which had not acceded to Pakistan . According to Article 79 (Part V-The Union.) of the Constitution of India, the Parliament of India consists of the President of India and the two Houses of Parliament known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). The Lok Sabha (House of the Leaders) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952. Session of Lok Sabha commenced on Date Session No. Date First 13 May 1952 Second April 1957 Third April 1962 Fourth March 1967 Fifth March 1971 Sixth March 1977 Seventh January 1980 Eighth December 1984 Ninth December 1989 Tenth June 1991 Eleventh May 1996 Twelfth March 1998 Thirteenth October 1999 Fourteenth May 2004 Fifteenth May 2009 Sixteenth (Current) May 2014 Qualifications ( edit ) See also: Election Commission of India Article 84 (Part V.-- The Union) of Indian Constitution sets qualifications for being a member of Lok Sabha, which are as follows: He / She should be a citizen of India, and must subscribe before the Election Commission of India an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule of Indian Constitution . He / She should not be less than 25 years of age. He / She possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament . He / She should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict, a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law; and He / She should have his/her name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country. However, a member can be disqualified of being a member of Parliament: If he / she holds office of profit; If he / she is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court If he / she is an undischarged insolvent; If he / she is not a citizen of India, or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State, or is under any acknowledgment of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State; If he / she is violating party discipline (as per Tenth schedule of the constitution); disqualified under Representation of People Act . A seat in the Lok Sabha will become vacant in the following circumstances (during normal functioning of the House): When the holder of the seat, by writing to the speaker , resigns. When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House, without prior permission of the Speaker. When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament. A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the ' Anti-Defection Law' . Furthermore, as per article 101 (Part V.-- The Union) of the Indian Constitution, a person cannot be: A member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other. A member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State. System of elections in Lok Sabha ( edit ) Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India, on the basis of Universal Suffrage . For the purpose of holding direct elections to Lok Sabha; each state is divided into territorial constituencies. In this respect, the constitution of India makes the following two provisions: Each state is allotted a number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population is same for all the states of India. This provision does not apply for states having a population of less than 6 million (60 lakhs ). Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it remain the same throughout the state. Note: The expression population while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the census of 1971. The expression population while distributing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained at the census of 2001. Powers ( edit ) The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. Motions of no confidence against the government can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resign collectively. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion, and hence has no real power over the executive. This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha, not to the Rajya Sabha. Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, and upon being passed, are sent to the Rajya Sabha , where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days. If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House, or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill is considered passed. The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister in the name of the President of India. In matters pertaining to non-financial (ordinary) bills, after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), it is sent to the other house, where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months. If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House, or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house, it results in a deadlock. This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses, presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority . Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard, in reality it is the Lok Sabha's opinions that mostly prevails-- due to its bigger numerical strength. Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting). Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President (by two-thirds of the membership of the House). Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in impeachment process (initiating and passing a motion for the removal) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts (by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting), who then can be removed by the President of India. Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional emergency (by simple majority) in a state. If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency , the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament. It cannot be dissolved. This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha. But there is a possibility that president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six-month if the said proclamation ceases to operate. In conclusion, it is clear that the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in almost all matters. Even in those matters in which the Constitution has placed both Houses on an equal footing, the Lok Sabha has more influence due to its greater numerical strength. This is typical of any Parliamentary democracy, with the lower House always being more powerful than the upper. Procedure ( edit ) Procedure in the House ( edit ) The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions issued by the Speaker from time to time there under regulate the procedure in Lok Sabha. The items of business, notice of which is received from the Ministers/ Private Members and admitted by the Speaker, are included in the daily List of Business which is printed and circulated to members in advance. For various items of business to be taken up in the House the time is allotted by the House on the recommendations of the Business Advisory Committee. The Speaker presides over the sessions of the House and regulates procedure. Sessions and time of sittings ( edit ) Three sessions of Lok Sabha take place in a year: Budget session: February to May. Monsoon session: July to September. Winter session: November to mid December. When in session, Lok Sabha holds its sittings usually from 11 A.M. to 1 P.M. and from 2 P.M. to 6 P.M. On some days the sittings are continuously held without observing lunch break and are also extended beyond 6 P.M. depending upon the business before the House. Lok Sabha does not ordinarily sit on Saturdays and Sundays and other closed holidays. Question Hour ( edit ) The first hour of every sitting is called Question Hour . Asking questions in Parliament is the free and unfettered right of members, and during Question Hour they may ask questions of ministers on different aspects of administration and government policy in the national and international spheres. Every minister whose turn it is to answer to questions has to stand up and answer for his department's acts of omission or commission. Questions are of three types-- Starred, Unstarred and Short Notice. A Starred Question is one to which a member desires an oral answer in the House and which is distinguished by an asterisk mark. An unstarred Question is one which is not called for oral answer in the house and on which no supplementary questions can consequently be asked. An answer to such a question is given in writing. Minimum period of notice for starred/ unstarred question is 10 clear days. If the questions given notice of are admitted by the Speaker, they are listed and printed for answer on the dates allotted to the Ministries to which the subject matter of the question pertains. The normal period of notice does not apply to short notice questions which relate to matters of urgent public importance. However, a Short Notice Question may be answered only on short notice if so permitted by the Speaker and the Minister concerned is prepared to answer it at shorter notice. A short notice question is taken up for answer immediately after the Question Hour, popularly known as Zero Hour. Zero Hour ( edit ) The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as `` Zero Hour'' . It starts at around 12 noon (hence the name) and members can, with prior notice to the Speaker, raise issues of importance during this time. Typically, discussions on important Bills, the Budget, and other issues of national importance take place from 2 pm onwards. Business after question Hour ( edit ) After the Question Hour, the House takes up miscellaneous items of work before proceeding to the main business of the day. These may consist of one or more of the following: Adjournment Motions, Questions involving breaches of Privileges, Papers to be laid on the Table, Communication of any messages from Rajya Sabha, Intimations regarding President's assent to Bills, Calling Attention Notices, Matters under Rule 377, Presentation of Reports of Parliamentary Committee, Presentation of Petitions, miscellaneous statements by Ministers, Motions regarding elections to Committees, Bills to be withdrawn or introduced. Main business ( edit ) The main business of the day may be consideration of a Bill or financial business or consideration of a resolution or a motion. Legislative business ( edit ) Legislative proposals in the form of a Bill can be brought forward either by a Minister or by a private member. In the former case it is known as Government Bill and in the latter case it is known as a Private Members' Bill. Every Bill passes through three stages-- called three readings-- before it is passed. To become law it must be passed by both the Houses of Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and then assented to by the president. Financial business ( edit ) The presentation, discussion of, and voting on the annual General and Railways budgets-- followed by the passing of the Appropriations Bill and the Finance Bill-- is a long, drawn-out process that takes up a major part of the time of the House during its Budget Session every year. Motions and resolutions ( edit ) Among other kinds of business that come up before the House are resolutions and motions. Resolutions and motions may be brought forward by Government or by private members. Government may move a resolution or a motion for obtaining the sanction to a scheme or opinion of the House on an important matter of policy or on a grave situation. Similarly, a private member may move a resolution or motion in order to draw the attention of the House and of the Government to a particular problem. The last two and half hours of sitting on every Friday are generally allotted for transaction of private members' business. While private members' bills are taken up on one Friday, private members' resolutions are taken up on the succeeding Friday, and so on. Parliamentary committees ( edit ) Most of the business of drafting a bill or amendments are initially discussed and debated in the parliamentary committees. Since the time for legislation is limited, work of all departments of the government and any special focus tasks is delegated to the committees, wherein the committees shall prepare the initial draft of the bill/amendment for the consideration by both the houses. They consist of members from both the houses. There are primarily two kinds of parliamentary committees based on their nature -- Parliament Standing Committees (PSC) -- Permanent in nature, reconstituted time to time with every new election. Department based Others Ad hoc Committees -- Created for specific purpose and ceases to exist when that purpose is achieved. Half-an-Hour discussion ( edit ) A Half-an-Hour Discussion can be raised on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question in Lok Sabha irrespective of the fact whether the question was answered orally or the answer was laid on the Table of the House and the answer which needs elucidation on a matter of fact. Normally not more than half an hour is allowed for such a discussion. Usually, half-an-hour discussion is listed on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays only. In one session, a member is allowed to raise not more than two half-an-hour discussions. During the discussion, the member, who has given notice, makes a short statement and not more than four members, who have intimated earlier and have secured one of the four places in the ballot, are permitted to ask a question each for further elucidating any matter of fact. Thereafter, the Minister concerned replies. There is no formal motion before the House nor voting. Discussion on matters of urgent public importance ( edit ) Members may raise discussions on matters of urgent public importance with the permission of the Speaker. Such discussions may take place on two days in a week. No formal motion is moved in the House nor is there any voting on such a discussion. Debate in the House ( edit ) After the member who initiates discussion on an item of business has spoken, other members can speak on that item of business in such order as the Speaker may call upon them. Only one member can speak at a time and all speeches are directed to the Chair. A matter requiring the decision of the House is decided by means of a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member. Division ( edit ) A division is one of the forms in which the decision of the House is ascertained. Normally, when a motion is put to the House members for and against it indicate their opinion by saying `` Aye'' or `` No'' from their seats. The Chair goes by the voices and declares that the motion is either accepted or rejected by the House. If a member challenges the decision, the Chair orders that the lobbies be cleared. Then the division bell is rung and an entire network of bells installed in the various parts and rooms in Parliament House and Parliament House Annexe rings continuously for three and a half minutes. Members and Ministers rush to the Chamber from all sides. After the bell stops, all the doors to the Chamber are closed and nobody can enter or leave the Chamber till the division is over. Then the Chair puts the question for second time and declares whether in its opinion the `` Ayes'' or the `` Noes'' , have it. If the opinion so declared is again challenged, the Chair asks the votes to be recorded by operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment. Automatic vote Recording system ( edit ) With the announcement of the Speaker for recording the votes, the Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha presses the button of a key board. Then a gong sounds, serving as a signal to members for casting their votes. To vote, each member present in the Chamber has to flip a switch and then operate one of the three push buttons fixed in their seat. The push switch must be kept pressed simultaneously until the gong sounds for the second time after 10 seconds. There are two indicator boards installed in the wall on either side of the Speaker's chair in the Chamber. Each vote cast by a member is flashed here. Immediately after the votes are cast, they are totalled mechanically and the details of the results are flashed on the Result Indicator Boards installed in the railings of the Speaker's and Diplomatic Galleries. Divisions are normally held with the aid of the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment. Where so directed by the Speaker in terms of relevant provision in the Rules of Procedure etc. in Lok Sabha, divisions may be held either by distribution of ' Aye' /' No' and ' Abstention' slips to members in the House or by the members recording their votes by going into the lobbies. There is an Indicator Board in the machine room showing the name of each member. The result of Division and vote cast by each member with the aid of Automatic Vote Recording Equipment appear also on this Board and immediately a photograph of the Indicator Board is taken. Later the Photograph is enlarged and the names of members who voted ' Ayes' and for ' Noes' are determined with the help of the photograph and incorporated in Lok Sabha Debates. Publication of Debates ( edit ) Three versions of Lok Sabha Debates are prepared: the Hindi version, the English version and the Original version. Only the Hindi and English versions are printed. The Original version, in cyclostyled form, is kept in the Parliament Library for record and reference. The Hindi version contains proceedings (all Questions asked and Answers given thereto and speeches made) in Hindi, and verbatim Hindi translation of proceedings in English or in regional languages. The English version contains proceedings in English and the English translation of the proceedings which take place in Hindi or in any regional language. The Original version, however, contains proceedings in Hindi or in English as they actually took place in the House and also the English/Hindi translation of speeches made in regional languages. If conflicting legislation is enacted by the two Houses, a joint sitting is held to resolve the differences. In such a session, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha . Officers of Lok Sabha ( edit ) Speaker and Deputy Speaker As per Article 93 of Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker . In the Lok Sabha, both presiding officers-- the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker- are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House. No specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected Speaker; the Constitution only requires that Speaker should be a member of the House. But an understanding of the Constitution and the laws of the country and the rules of procedure and conventions of Parliament is considered a major asset for the holder of the office of the Speaker. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker are mentioned under Article 94 of the Constitution of India. As per Article 94 of Indian Constitution, a Speaker or a Deputy Speaker should vacate his/her office, a) if he/she ceases to be a member of the House of the People, b) he/she resigns, or c) is removed from office by a resolution of the House passed by a majority. The Speaker of Lok Sabha is both a member of the House and its Presiding Officer. The Speaker conducts the business in the House. He/she decides whether a bill is a money bill or not. He/she maintains discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them. He/she permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence , motion of adjournment , motion of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure. Following the 52nd Constitution amendment, the Speaker is vested with the power relating to the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on grounds of defection. The Speaker makes obituary references in the House, formal references to important national and international events and the valedictory address at the conclusion of every Session of the Lok Sabha and also when the term of the House expires. Though a member of the House, the Speaker does not vote in the House except on those rare occasions when there is a tie at the end of a decision. Till date, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been called upon to exercise this unique casting vote. While the office of Speaker is vacant due to absence/resignation/removal, the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose. The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff. Shri G.V. Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952-- 27 February 1956) and Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker (30 May 1952 -- 7 March 1956). In the 16th Lok Sabha, Sumitra Mahajan was elected as the speaker on 3 June 2014, and is its second woman speaker and Shri M. Thambidurai as the deputy speaker. Composition by states and territories ( edit ) Main article: List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha State/Union Territory Type No. of constituencies Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory Andhra Pradesh State 25 Arunachal Pradesh State Assam State 14 Bihar State 40 Chandigarh Union Territory Chhattisgarh State 11 Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory Daman and Diu Union Territory National Capital Territory of Delhi Union Territory 7 Goa State Gujarat State 26 Haryana State 10 Himachal Pradesh State Jammu and Kashmir State 6 Jharkhand State 14 Karnataka State 28 Kerala State 20 Lakshadweep Union Territory Madhya Pradesh State 29 Maharashtra State 48 Manipur State Meghalaya State Mizoram State Nagaland State Odisha State 21 Puducherry Union Territory Punjab State 13 Rajasthan State 25 Sikkim State Tamil Nadu State 39 Telangana State 17 Tripura State Uttarakhand State 5 Uttar Pradesh State 80 West Bengal State 42 Lok Sabha general elections ( edit ) Lok Sabha is constituted after the general election as follows: Lok Sabha General Election 1st Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1951-- 52 2nd Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1957 3rd Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1962 4th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1967 5th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1971 6th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1977 7th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1980 8th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1984 9th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1989 10th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1991 11th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1996 12th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1998 13th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 1999 14th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 2004 15th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 2009 16th Lok Sabha Indian general election, 2014 Number of members by party in Lok Sabha ( edit ) Main article: List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha Currently elected members of 16th Lok Sabha by their political party (As of 27 August 2018): Alliance Party Seats National Democratic Alliance Seats: 313 Bharatiya Janata Party 271 Shiv Sena 18 Lok Janshakti Party 6 Shiromani Akali Dal Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Apna Dal Janata Dal (United) All India N.R. Congress Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Pattali Makkal Katchi Sikkim Democratic Front Speaker of the House , BJP Nominated Anglo-Indians , BJP United Progressive Alliance Seats: 53 Indian National Congress 48 Indian Union Muslim League Janata Dal (Secular) Rashtriya Lok Dal Revolutionary Socialist Party Janata Parivar Seats: 5 Rashtriya Janata Dal Indian National Lok Dal Other Parties Seats: 159 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 37 All India Trinamool Congress 34 Biju Janata Dal 19 Telugu Desam Party 16 Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11 Communist Party of India (Marxist) 9 Nationalist Congress Party 7 Samajwadi Party 7 Aam Aadmi Party YSR Congress Party All India United Democratic Front Jharkhand Mukti Morcha All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Communist Party of India Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Swabhimani Paksha Jan Adhikar Party (L) (Expelled RJD Member ) Independents Vacant Seats Anantnag , Bellary , Shimoga , Mandya , Ongole , Kadapa , Nellore , Tirupati , Rajampet , Kottayam , Kendrapara and Tura constituencies. 12 Total 545 See also ( edit ) List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha Parliament of India Rajya Sabha References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` No LoP post for Congress'' . The Hindu . Archived from the original on 27 August 2017 . Retrieved 20 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Lok Sabha'' . parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011 . Retrieved 19 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Parliament of India: Lok Sabha'' . Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Jump up ^ Part V-- The Union. Article 83. p. 40 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` A decade from now, three states will contribute a third of Lok Sabha MPs'' . Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Jump up ^ Election Commission India Archived 5 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Welcome to LokSabha Website'' . Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Jump up ^ `` Indian Freedom Struggle (1857-- 1947) -- Culture and Heritage -- Know India: National Portal of India'' . Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Jump up ^ `` Government of India Act of 1935 - Dictionary definition of Government of India Act of 1935 - Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary'' . www.encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 10 May 2018 . Jump up ^ Part V-- The Union. Article 79. p. 38 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Part V-- The Union. Article 81. p. 41 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Part V-- The Union. Article 81. pp. 46, 47 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf article 81 Jump up ^ //www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf article 81 Jump up ^ `` Lok Sabha'' . Lok Sabha. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Jump up ^ `` Lok Sabha Introduction'' . National Informatics Centre, Government of India. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008 . Retrieved 22 September 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Sixteenth Lok Sabha : All Members Party-wise List'' . Lok Sabha. 27 August 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lok Sabha . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"-3035946753806190882"}}},{"rowIdx":96,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"and they all went together in a little row boat"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"In Stephen King 's Insomnia ( 1994 ) an evil character chants the song several times throughout the novel ."},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[[]],"string":"[\n []\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )","This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 )","This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 )","`` The Clapping Song '' is an American song , written by Lincoln Chase , originally arranged by Charles Callello and recorded by Shirley Ellis in 1965 . The song was released shortly after Ellis had released `` The Name Game '' . The lyrics of `` The Clapping Song '' were borrowed from the song `` Little Rubber Dolly '' , a 1930s song recorded by the Light Crust Doughboys , and also feature instructions for a clapping game . The song sold over a million copies , and peaked at number eight in the United States and number six in the UK .","The song returned to the charts in 1982 , when the Belle Stars ' version charted at number 11 in the UK . This version did not chart in the US , although a version by Pia Zadora charted there at number 36 in 1983 .","The song has been covered many times :","Gary Glitter covered this song on three albums : Glitter in 1972 , Glam Years 1991 , and Gary Glitter in 1995 Female Mexican pop singer Yuri recorded a Spanish version of the song in 1980 titled `` Bailad ( The Clapping Song ) '' Ian Cussick , Scottish singer - songwriter , released the song as a single in 1981 , from his third studio album Hypertension The Belle Stars covered the song in 1982 Pia Zadora 's cover of the song entered the top 40 in 1983 Aaron Carter released a cover of the song on his 2000 album Aaron 's Party ( Come Get It ) . A music video was produced for the song . Lil ' Kim performed the song ( as Shirley Ellis ) on the NBC drama American Dreams October 12 , 2003 and danced to the song on the ABC show Dancing With The Stars April 20 and 21 , 2009 Mother and The Addicts released a cover of this song as the B - side to 2004 single `` Who Art You Girls ? '' The Young Punx covered the song for the Buffet Libre ' Rewind 2 ' project in late 2008 , featuring Laura Kidd on vocals and Guthrie Govan on guitar UK X Factor contestant , Cher Lloyd , performed the song on the final of the show in December 2010 Russell Grant released it in 2012 in the UK as a Christmas single along with six backing singers / dancers , including S Club 7 's Tina Barrett , Chloe Rich , Miriam Breckner and Rhiannon Drake The Hip - hop gospel Congolese group Makoma has covered the song Izza Kizza samples the chorus in his song `` Walk The Dawg '' R&B Singer Cupid did a cover of the song with B.o.B on the Step Up 2 OST which samples Ellis ' version Operator Please covered the song for the Australian Independent teen film Hey , Hey , It 's Esther Blueburger Baccara recorded a cover with a `` Macarena '' beat . Andrew W.K. included a re-mixed version in the album Damn ! The Mixtape . On Season 1 of The X Factor US , the group InTENsity performed the song during the first live show The Hype Girlz released The Clapping Song on June 15th , 2015 Icona Pop released a cover on July 17th , 2015 titled `` Clap Snap '' on the `` Emergency EP '' UK X Factor group , 4th Impact , performed the song as a mashup with Sound of the Underground during the second week of live shows .","Gary Glitter covered this song on three albums : Glitter in 1972 , Glam Years 1991 , and Gary Glitter in 1995","Female Mexican pop singer Yuri recorded a Spanish version of the song in 1980 titled `` Bailad ( The Clapping Song ) ''","Ian Cussick , Scottish singer - songwriter , released the song as a single in 1981 , from his third studio album Hypertension","The Belle Stars covered the song in 1982","Pia Zadora 's cover of the song entered the top 40 in 1983","Aaron Carter released a cover of the song on his 2000 album Aaron 's Party ( Come Get It ) . A music video was produced for the song .","Lil ' Kim performed the song ( as Shirley Ellis ) on the NBC drama American Dreams October 12 , 2003 and danced to the song on the ABC show Dancing With The Stars April 20 and 21 , 2009","Mother and The Addicts released a cover of this song as the B - side to 2004 single `` Who Art You Girls ? ''","The Young Punx covered the song for the Buffet Libre ' Rewind 2 ' project in late 2008 , featuring Laura Kidd on vocals and Guthrie Govan on guitar","UK X Factor contestant , Cher Lloyd , performed the song on the final of the show in December 2010","Russell Grant released it in 2012 in the UK as a Christmas single along with six backing singers / dancers , including S Club 7 's Tina Barrett , Chloe Rich , Miriam Breckner and Rhiannon Drake","The Hip - hop gospel Congolese group Makoma has covered the song","Izza Kizza samples the chorus in his song `` Walk The Dawg ''","R&B Singer Cupid did a cover of the song with B.o.B on the Step Up 2 OST which samples Ellis ' version","Operator Please covered the song for the Australian Independent teen film Hey , Hey , It 's Esther Blueburger","Baccara recorded a cover with a `` Macarena '' beat .","Andrew W.K. included a re-mixed version in the album Damn ! The Mixtape .","On Season 1 of The X Factor US , the group InTENsity performed the song during the first live show","The Hype Girlz released The Clapping Song on June 15th , 2015","Icona Pop released a cover on July 17th , 2015 titled `` Clap Snap '' on the `` Emergency EP ''","UK X Factor group , 4th Impact , performed the song as a mashup with Sound of the Underground during the second week of live shows .","Tom Waits 's song `` Clap Hands '' from his album Rain Dogs quotes the line `` they all went to heaven in a little row boat . '' In the version of the song on the live album Big Time , Waits prefaces `` Clap Hands '' with the entire first verse of `` The Clapping Song '' . Radiohead 's `` Pyramid Song '' quotes the line `` And we all went to heaven in a little row boat '' . Buck 65 's `` 1957 '' quotes the line `` we all go to Heaven in a little row boat . '' In `` Loco Mosquito '' ( Soldier , 1980 ) , Iggy Pop quotes some lines from `` The Clapping Song '' . UB40 's rendition of Red Red Wine includes the lines `` The line broke , the monkey get choked '' . Spank Rock 's mix tape Couche - Tard samples `` The Clapping Song '' on track `` Five '' . Parkway Drive quotes the line `` and we all go to heaven in a little row boat '' in a satirical manner in their 2015 song `` Writings on the Wall '' . James May attempted to parallel park a Lamborghini Countach to the song on an episode of Top Gear . Manu Chao used the `` My mama told me '' part in the 2003 Jai Alai Katumbi Express with Fermin Muguruza on `` Hamburger Fields / Hitz Egin '' song . The song was used in an advertising campaign for Matalan in the UK . The song was featured in the hip hop documentary Scratch as part of a story where DJ Jazzy Jay recalls Afrika Bambaata passing him a 45 single with a drum break he later discovered was from `` The Clapping Song '' . The song was also featured in the TV series Skins in 2007 . It was used in the bonus episode of Season 1 , during the organisation of the `` Secret Party '' . The song is featured in a 2011 advertisement on YouTube for the 2012 Volkswagen Beetle . The chorus of Cat Power 's 2012 song `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' borrows heavily from `` The Clapping Song '' The line `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' is referenced in the verses to `` Get Low '' by Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz featuring the Ying Yang Twins . In 2016 the song was used in a commercial of the car Ford Focus . In Stephen King 's Insomnia ( 1994 ) an evil character chants the song several times throughout the novel .","Tom Waits 's song `` Clap Hands '' from his album Rain Dogs quotes the line `` they all went to heaven in a little row boat . '' In the version of the song on the live album Big Time , Waits prefaces `` Clap Hands '' with the entire first verse of `` The Clapping Song '' .","Radiohead 's `` Pyramid Song '' quotes the line `` And we all went to heaven in a little row boat '' .","Buck 65 's `` 1957 '' quotes the line `` we all go to Heaven in a little row boat . ''","In `` Loco Mosquito '' ( Soldier , 1980 ) , Iggy Pop quotes some lines from `` The Clapping Song '' .","UB40 's rendition of Red Red Wine includes the lines `` The line broke , the monkey get choked '' .","Spank Rock 's mix tape Couche - Tard samples `` The Clapping Song '' on track `` Five '' .","Parkway Drive quotes the line `` and we all go to heaven in a little row boat '' in a satirical manner in their 2015 song `` Writings on the Wall '' .","James May attempted to parallel park a Lamborghini Countach to the song on an episode of Top Gear .","Manu Chao used the `` My mama told me '' part in the 2003 Jai Alai Katumbi Express with Fermin Muguruza on `` Hamburger Fields / Hitz Egin '' song .","The song was used in an advertising campaign for Matalan in the UK .","The song was featured in the hip hop documentary Scratch as part of a story where DJ Jazzy Jay recalls Afrika Bambaata passing him a 45 single with a drum break he later discovered was from `` The Clapping Song '' .","The song was also featured in the TV series Skins in 2007 . It was used in the bonus episode of Season 1 , during the organisation of the `` Secret Party '' .","The song is featured in a 2011 advertisement on YouTube for the 2012 Volkswagen Beetle .","The chorus of Cat Power 's 2012 song `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' borrows heavily from `` The Clapping Song ''","The line `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' is referenced in the verses to `` Get Low '' by Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz featuring the Ying Yang Twins .","In 2016 the song was used in a commercial of the car Ford Focus .","In Stephen King 's Insomnia ( 1994 ) an evil character chants the song several times throughout the novel ."],"string":"[\n \"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )\",\n \"This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 )\",\n \"This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( May 2011 )\",\n \"`` The Clapping Song '' is an American song , written by Lincoln Chase , originally arranged by Charles Callello and recorded by Shirley Ellis in 1965 . The song was released shortly after Ellis had released `` The Name Game '' . The lyrics of `` The Clapping Song '' were borrowed from the song `` Little Rubber Dolly '' , a 1930s song recorded by the Light Crust Doughboys , and also feature instructions for a clapping game . The song sold over a million copies , and peaked at number eight in the United States and number six in the UK .\",\n \"The song returned to the charts in 1982 , when the Belle Stars ' version charted at number 11 in the UK . This version did not chart in the US , although a version by Pia Zadora charted there at number 36 in 1983 .\",\n \"The song has been covered many times :\",\n \"Gary Glitter covered this song on three albums : Glitter in 1972 , Glam Years 1991 , and Gary Glitter in 1995 Female Mexican pop singer Yuri recorded a Spanish version of the song in 1980 titled `` Bailad ( The Clapping Song ) '' Ian Cussick , Scottish singer - songwriter , released the song as a single in 1981 , from his third studio album Hypertension The Belle Stars covered the song in 1982 Pia Zadora 's cover of the song entered the top 40 in 1983 Aaron Carter released a cover of the song on his 2000 album Aaron 's Party ( Come Get It ) . A music video was produced for the song . Lil ' Kim performed the song ( as Shirley Ellis ) on the NBC drama American Dreams October 12 , 2003 and danced to the song on the ABC show Dancing With The Stars April 20 and 21 , 2009 Mother and The Addicts released a cover of this song as the B - side to 2004 single `` Who Art You Girls ? '' The Young Punx covered the song for the Buffet Libre ' Rewind 2 ' project in late 2008 , featuring Laura Kidd on vocals and Guthrie Govan on guitar UK X Factor contestant , Cher Lloyd , performed the song on the final of the show in December 2010 Russell Grant released it in 2012 in the UK as a Christmas single along with six backing singers / dancers , including S Club 7 's Tina Barrett , Chloe Rich , Miriam Breckner and Rhiannon Drake The Hip - hop gospel Congolese group Makoma has covered the song Izza Kizza samples the chorus in his song `` Walk The Dawg '' R&B Singer Cupid did a cover of the song with B.o.B on the Step Up 2 OST which samples Ellis ' version Operator Please covered the song for the Australian Independent teen film Hey , Hey , It 's Esther Blueburger Baccara recorded a cover with a `` Macarena '' beat . Andrew W.K. included a re-mixed version in the album Damn ! The Mixtape . On Season 1 of The X Factor US , the group InTENsity performed the song during the first live show The Hype Girlz released The Clapping Song on June 15th , 2015 Icona Pop released a cover on July 17th , 2015 titled `` Clap Snap '' on the `` Emergency EP '' UK X Factor group , 4th Impact , performed the song as a mashup with Sound of the Underground during the second week of live shows .\",\n \"Gary Glitter covered this song on three albums : Glitter in 1972 , Glam Years 1991 , and Gary Glitter in 1995\",\n \"Female Mexican pop singer Yuri recorded a Spanish version of the song in 1980 titled `` Bailad ( The Clapping Song ) ''\",\n \"Ian Cussick , Scottish singer - songwriter , released the song as a single in 1981 , from his third studio album Hypertension\",\n \"The Belle Stars covered the song in 1982\",\n \"Pia Zadora 's cover of the song entered the top 40 in 1983\",\n \"Aaron Carter released a cover of the song on his 2000 album Aaron 's Party ( Come Get It ) . A music video was produced for the song .\",\n \"Lil ' Kim performed the song ( as Shirley Ellis ) on the NBC drama American Dreams October 12 , 2003 and danced to the song on the ABC show Dancing With The Stars April 20 and 21 , 2009\",\n \"Mother and The Addicts released a cover of this song as the B - side to 2004 single `` Who Art You Girls ? ''\",\n \"The Young Punx covered the song for the Buffet Libre ' Rewind 2 ' project in late 2008 , featuring Laura Kidd on vocals and Guthrie Govan on guitar\",\n \"UK X Factor contestant , Cher Lloyd , performed the song on the final of the show in December 2010\",\n \"Russell Grant released it in 2012 in the UK as a Christmas single along with six backing singers / dancers , including S Club 7 's Tina Barrett , Chloe Rich , Miriam Breckner and Rhiannon Drake\",\n \"The Hip - hop gospel Congolese group Makoma has covered the song\",\n \"Izza Kizza samples the chorus in his song `` Walk The Dawg ''\",\n \"R&B Singer Cupid did a cover of the song with B.o.B on the Step Up 2 OST which samples Ellis ' version\",\n \"Operator Please covered the song for the Australian Independent teen film Hey , Hey , It 's Esther Blueburger\",\n \"Baccara recorded a cover with a `` Macarena '' beat .\",\n \"Andrew W.K. included a re-mixed version in the album Damn ! The Mixtape .\",\n \"On Season 1 of The X Factor US , the group InTENsity performed the song during the first live show\",\n \"The Hype Girlz released The Clapping Song on June 15th , 2015\",\n \"Icona Pop released a cover on July 17th , 2015 titled `` Clap Snap '' on the `` Emergency EP ''\",\n \"UK X Factor group , 4th Impact , performed the song as a mashup with Sound of the Underground during the second week of live shows .\",\n \"Tom Waits 's song `` Clap Hands '' from his album Rain Dogs quotes the line `` they all went to heaven in a little row boat . '' In the version of the song on the live album Big Time , Waits prefaces `` Clap Hands '' with the entire first verse of `` The Clapping Song '' . Radiohead 's `` Pyramid Song '' quotes the line `` And we all went to heaven in a little row boat '' . Buck 65 's `` 1957 '' quotes the line `` we all go to Heaven in a little row boat . '' In `` Loco Mosquito '' ( Soldier , 1980 ) , Iggy Pop quotes some lines from `` The Clapping Song '' . UB40 's rendition of Red Red Wine includes the lines `` The line broke , the monkey get choked '' . Spank Rock 's mix tape Couche - Tard samples `` The Clapping Song '' on track `` Five '' . Parkway Drive quotes the line `` and we all go to heaven in a little row boat '' in a satirical manner in their 2015 song `` Writings on the Wall '' . James May attempted to parallel park a Lamborghini Countach to the song on an episode of Top Gear . Manu Chao used the `` My mama told me '' part in the 2003 Jai Alai Katumbi Express with Fermin Muguruza on `` Hamburger Fields / Hitz Egin '' song . The song was used in an advertising campaign for Matalan in the UK . The song was featured in the hip hop documentary Scratch as part of a story where DJ Jazzy Jay recalls Afrika Bambaata passing him a 45 single with a drum break he later discovered was from `` The Clapping Song '' . The song was also featured in the TV series Skins in 2007 . It was used in the bonus episode of Season 1 , during the organisation of the `` Secret Party '' . The song is featured in a 2011 advertisement on YouTube for the 2012 Volkswagen Beetle . The chorus of Cat Power 's 2012 song `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' borrows heavily from `` The Clapping Song '' The line `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' is referenced in the verses to `` Get Low '' by Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz featuring the Ying Yang Twins . In 2016 the song was used in a commercial of the car Ford Focus . In Stephen King 's Insomnia ( 1994 ) an evil character chants the song several times throughout the novel .\",\n \"Tom Waits 's song `` Clap Hands '' from his album Rain Dogs quotes the line `` they all went to heaven in a little row boat . '' In the version of the song on the live album Big Time , Waits prefaces `` Clap Hands '' with the entire first verse of `` The Clapping Song '' .\",\n \"Radiohead 's `` Pyramid Song '' quotes the line `` And we all went to heaven in a little row boat '' .\",\n \"Buck 65 's `` 1957 '' quotes the line `` we all go to Heaven in a little row boat . ''\",\n \"In `` Loco Mosquito '' ( Soldier , 1980 ) , Iggy Pop quotes some lines from `` The Clapping Song '' .\",\n \"UB40 's rendition of Red Red Wine includes the lines `` The line broke , the monkey get choked '' .\",\n \"Spank Rock 's mix tape Couche - Tard samples `` The Clapping Song '' on track `` Five '' .\",\n \"Parkway Drive quotes the line `` and we all go to heaven in a little row boat '' in a satirical manner in their 2015 song `` Writings on the Wall '' .\",\n \"James May attempted to parallel park a Lamborghini Countach to the song on an episode of Top Gear .\",\n \"Manu Chao used the `` My mama told me '' part in the 2003 Jai Alai Katumbi Express with Fermin Muguruza on `` Hamburger Fields / Hitz Egin '' song .\",\n \"The song was used in an advertising campaign for Matalan in the UK .\",\n \"The song was featured in the hip hop documentary Scratch as part of a story where DJ Jazzy Jay recalls Afrika Bambaata passing him a 45 single with a drum break he later discovered was from `` The Clapping Song '' .\",\n \"The song was also featured in the TV series Skins in 2007 . It was used in the bonus episode of Season 1 , during the organisation of the `` Secret Party '' .\",\n \"The song is featured in a 2011 advertisement on YouTube for the 2012 Volkswagen Beetle .\",\n \"The chorus of Cat Power 's 2012 song `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' borrows heavily from `` The Clapping Song ''\",\n \"The line `` 3 , 6 , 9 '' is referenced in the verses to `` Get Low '' by Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz featuring the Ying Yang Twins .\",\n \"In 2016 the song was used in a commercial of the car Ford Focus .\",\n \"In Stephen King 's Insomnia ( 1994 ) an evil character chants the song several times throughout the novel .\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"The Clapping song - wikipedia The Clapping song Jump to: navigation , search ( hide ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Where appropriate, incorporate items into the main body of the article. (May 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) `` The Clapping Song '' is an American song, written by Lincoln Chase , originally arranged by Charles Callello and recorded by Shirley Ellis in 1965. The song was released shortly after Ellis had released `` The Name Game '' . The lyrics of `` The Clapping Song'' were borrowed from the song `` Little Rubber Dolly'' , a 1930s song recorded by the Light Crust Doughboys , and also feature instructions for a clapping game . The song sold over a million copies, and peaked at number eight in the United States and number six in the UK. The song returned to the charts in 1982, when the Belle Stars ' version charted at number 11 in the UK. This version did not chart in the US, although a version by Pia Zadora charted there at number 36 in 1983. Notable cover versions ( edit ) The song has been covered many times: Gary Glitter covered this song on three albums: Glitter in 1972, Glam Years 1991, and Gary Glitter in 1995 Female Mexican pop singer Yuri recorded a Spanish version of the song in 1980 titled `` Bailad (The Clapping Song)'' Ian Cussick , Scottish singer-songwriter, released the song as a single in 1981, from his third studio album Hypertension The Belle Stars covered the song in 1982 Pia Zadora 's cover of the song entered the top 40 in 1983 Aaron Carter released a cover of the song on his 2000 album Aaron's Party (Come Get It) . A music video was produced for the song. Lil' Kim performed the song (as Shirley Ellis) on the NBC drama American Dreams October 12, 2003 and danced to the song on the ABC show Dancing With The Stars April 20 and 21, 2009 Mother and The Addicts released a cover of this song as the B-side to 2004 single `` Who Art You Girls?'' The Young Punx covered the song for the Buffet Libre ' Rewind 2' project in late 2008, featuring Laura Kidd on vocals and Guthrie Govan on guitar UK X Factor contestant, Cher Lloyd , performed the song on the final of the show in December 2010 Russell Grant released it in 2012 in the UK as a Christmas single along with six backing singers/dancers, including S Club 7's Tina Barrett , Chloe Rich, Miriam Breckner and Rhiannon Drake The Hip-hop gospel Congolese group Makoma has covered the song Izza Kizza samples the chorus in his song `` Walk The Dawg'' R&B Singer Cupid did a cover of the song with B.o.B on the Step Up 2 OST which samples Ellis' version Operator Please covered the song for the Australian Independent teen film Hey, Hey, It's Esther Blueburger Baccara recorded a cover with a `` Macarena '' beat. Andrew W.K. included a re-mixed version in the album Damn! The Mixtape . On Season 1 of The X Factor US , the group InTENsity performed the song during the first live show The Hype Girlz released The Clapping Song on June 15th, 2015 Icona Pop released a cover on July 17th, 2015 titled `` Clap Snap'' on the `` Emergency EP'' UK X Factor group, 4th Impact , performed the song as a mashup with Sound of the Underground during the second week of live shows. Legacy and in the media ( edit ) Tom Waits 's song `` Clap Hands'' from his album Rain Dogs quotes the line `` they all went to heaven in a little row boat.'' In the version of the song on the live album Big Time , Waits prefaces `` Clap Hands'' with the entire first verse of `` The Clapping Song'' . Radiohead 's `` Pyramid Song '' quotes the line `` And we all went to heaven in a little row boat'' . Buck 65 's `` 1957 '' quotes the line `` we all go to Heaven in a little row boat.'' In `` Loco Mosquito'' ( Soldier , 1980), Iggy Pop quotes some lines from `` The Clapping Song'' . UB40 's rendition of Red Red Wine includes the lines `` The line broke, the monkey get choked'' . Spank Rock 's mix tape Couche-Tard samples `` The Clapping Song'' on track `` Five'' . Parkway Drive quotes the line `` and we all go to heaven in a little row boat'' in a satirical manner in their 2015 song `` Writings on the Wall'' . James May attempted to parallel park a Lamborghini Countach to the song on an episode of Top Gear . Manu Chao used the `` My mama told me'' part in the 2003 Jai Alai Katumbi Express with Fermin Muguruza on `` Hamburger Fields / Hitz Egin'' song. The song was used in an advertising campaign for Matalan in the UK . The song was featured in the hip hop documentary Scratch as part of a story where DJ Jazzy Jay recalls Afrika Bambaata passing him a 45 single with a drum break he later discovered was from `` The Clapping Song'' . The song was also featured in the TV series Skins in 2007. It was used in the bonus episode of Season 1, during the organisation of the `` Secret Party'' . The song is featured in a 2011 advertisement on YouTube for the 2012 Volkswagen Beetle. The chorus of Cat Power 's 2012 song `` 3, 6, 9'' borrows heavily from `` The Clapping Song'' The line `` 3, 6, 9'' is referenced in the verses to `` Get Low'' by Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz featuring the Ying Yang Twins . In 2016 the song was used in a commercial of the car Ford Focus . In Stephen King 's Insomnia (1994) an evil character chants the song several times throughout the novel. References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Shirley Ellis's The Clapping Song'' . WhoSampled.com . Retrieved 23 May 2012 . (`` Little Rubber Dolly'' available at YouTube ) Jump up ^ Llewellyn, Angharad (2012-11-21). `` Russell Grant is a happy Clapper -- The Sun'' . Thesun.co.uk . Retrieved 2016-09-28 . Jump up ^ `` LARZAC 2003 Manu Chao Part 3'' . YouTube . 2013-09-02 . Retrieved 2016-09-28 . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Clapping_Song&oldid=791747415 '' Categories : 1965 songs Songs written by Lincoln Chase Aaron Carter songs 1965 singles Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from May 2011 All articles needing additional references Articles needing cleanup from May 2011 All pages needing cleanup Wikipedia list cleanup from May 2011 Talk About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 22 July 2017, at 06:58. About Wikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"7311963429387576901"}}},{"rowIdx":97,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the full name of bb t bank"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"BB&T Corporation ( Branch Banking and Trust Company ) is a financial service holding company based in Winston - Salem , North Carolina . Its bank operates over 2,100 branches in 15 states and Washington , D.C. , and offers consumer and commercial banking , securities brokerage , asset management , mortgage and insurance products and services . It is on the list of largest banks in the United States . Its subsidiary BB&T Insurance Services is one of the largest insurance brokers in the world ."},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Branch Banking and Trust Company"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Branch Banking and Trust Company\"\n ]\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["BB&T Corporation Type Public company Traded as NYSE : BBT S&P 500 Index component Industry Financial services Founded 1872 ; 145 years ago ( 1872 ) Founder Alpheus Branch Thomas Jefferson Hadley Headquarters Winston - Salem , North Carolina Number of locations 2,100 branches Area served North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia , Maryland , West Virginia , Kentucky , Tennessee , Georgia , Florida , Alabama , Indiana , Texas , New Jersey , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Washington , D.C. Key people Kelly King , Chairman & CEO Christopher L. Henson , President Daryl N. Bible , CFO Products Commercial and Consumer banking Investment banking Insurance Mortgage Revenue US $ 10.793 billion ( 2016 ) Net income US $ 2.442 billion ( 2016 ) Total assets US $ 219.276 billion ( 2016 ) Total equity US $ 29.355 billion ( 2016 ) Number of employees 37,500 ( 2016 ) Website www.bbt.com","Type Public company","Traded as NYSE : BBT S&P 500 Index component","Industry Financial services","Founded 1872 ; 145 years ago ( 1872 )","Founder Alpheus Branch Thomas Jefferson Hadley","Headquarters Winston - Salem , North Carolina","Number of locations 2,100 branches","Area served North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia , Maryland , West Virginia , Kentucky , Tennessee , Georgia , Florida , Alabama , Indiana , Texas , New Jersey , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Washington , D.C.","Key people Kelly King , Chairman & CEO Christopher L. Henson , President Daryl N. Bible , CFO","Products Commercial and Consumer banking Investment banking Insurance Mortgage","Revenue US $ 10.793 billion ( 2016 )","Net income US $ 2.442 billion ( 2016 )","Total assets US $ 219.276 billion ( 2016 )","Total equity US $ 29.355 billion ( 2016 )","Number of employees 37,500 ( 2016 )","Website www.bbt.com","BB&T Corporation ( Branch Banking and Trust Company ) is a financial service holding company based in Winston - Salem , North Carolina . Its bank operates over 2,100 branches in 15 states and Washington , D.C. , and offers consumer and commercial banking , securities brokerage , asset management , mortgage and insurance products and services . It is on the list of largest banks in the United States . Its subsidiary BB&T Insurance Services is one of the largest insurance brokers in the world .","In 1872 , Alpheus Branch and Thomas Jefferson Hadley founded the Branch and Hadley merchant bank in their hometown of Wilson , North Carolina . After many transactions , mostly with local barbers , Branch bought out Hadley 's shares in 1887 and renamed the company to Branch and Company , Bankers . Two years later , Branch , his father - in - law Gen. Joshua Barnes , Hadley and three other men , secured a charter from the North Carolina General Assembly to operate the Wilson Banking and Trust Company . After several additional name changes , the company finally settled on the name Branch Banking and Trust Company . Branch remained an active member in the company until his death in 1893 . The 1903 Branch Banking and Trust Company Building at Wilson was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 .","BB&T sold Liberty Bonds during World War I and grew to have more than $4 million in assets by 1923 . BB&T Insurance Services was added in 1922 and a mortgage division was added in 1923 . Even though banks across the United States failed as a result of the 1929 Stock Market Crash , BB&T survived ; it was the only one to do so in the town of Wilson .","In 1995 , the bank merged with Southern National Bank , another bank with roots in the eastern part of the state . This gave BB&T 437 branches in 220 cities in the Carolinas and Virginia . The bank continued to expand nationwide through the 1990s , purchasing Fidelity Financial Bankshares , First Financial of Petersburg , Maryland , Maryland Federal Bancorp , and Franklin Bancorporation . In 1998 , BB&T acquired MainStreet Financial of Martinsville , Virginia , and Mason - Dixon Bancshares of Westminster , Maryland , and further expanded into Georgia and West Virginia after purchasing First Liberty of Macon , Georgia , and Matewan Bancshares .","In 2005 , the bank acquired Main Street Banks of metro Atlanta for $622 million .","In 2006 , the bank acquired Coastal Federal Bank , based in Myrtle Beach , South Carolina .","In February 2008 , the company acquired Burkey Risk Services .","In April 2008 , the company acquired UnionBanc Insurance Services .","In late 2008 , the bank accepted $3.1 billion in bailout money through the sale of preferred shares to the U.S. Treasury 's Troubled Asset Relief Program . In June 2009 , the bank repurchased the shares . Also in June 2009 , its chairman , John A. Allison IV delivered a keynote address to a meeting of the Competitive Enterprise Institute , where he claimed to show how government regulation caused the financial crisis of 2007 -- 2008 .","In July 2008 , the company acquired Puckett , Scheetz & Hogan .","On August 14 , 2009 , the bank acquired Colonial Bank after its seizure by the FDIC . This acquisition added more than 340 branches in Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Nevada and Texas along with approximately $22 billion in assets . BB&T sold the Nevada branch to U.S. Bancorp in January 2010 .","In December 2008 , the company acquired J. Rolfe Davis .","In November 2009 , the company acquired Oswald Trippe .","In September 2011 , the company acquired Liberty Benefit Insurance Services , an agency operating in California . The company also acquired Atlantic Risk Management .","In November 2011 , the company acquired Precept , an employee benefits consulting firm .","In February 2012 , the company acquired the life insurance and property and casualty insurance divisions of Crump Group .","In July 2012 , the bank acquired BankAtlantic , and its $2.1 billion in loans and $3.3 billion in deposits . The company also began selling flood insurance online .","In December 2013 , the bank acquired 21 Citigroup branches in Texas for $36 million , adding $1.2 billion in deposits .","In March 2014 , the company acquired Woodbury & Co. , an insurance broker operating in the Carolinas .","In April 2014 , the company acquired Caledonian Insurance Group , which specialized in insurance brokerage services for the aviation industry .","In September 2014 , the bank acquired 41 more Citigroup branches , which added 123 branches and $5.3 billion in deposits .","In April 2015 , BB&T subsidiary CRC Insurance Services acquired the assets of Napco LLC , a broker of catastrophic commercial insurance .","In June 2015 , the bank acquired Bank of Kentucky for $363 million , which added $1.9 billion in assets and gave BB&T a presence in the Northern Kentucky - Cincinnati market , and its first branches in Ohio . The also company sold American Coastal Insurance and increased its ownership in AMRisc .","In August 2015 , the bank acquired Susquehanna Bank for $2.5 billion , adding 240 branches and $18.7 billion in assets , and marking the bank 's entry into Pennsylvania and New Jersey .","In April 2016 , the company acquired Swett & Crawford , a wholesale insurance broker .","In April 2016 , the bank acquired National Penn for $1.8 billion , which added 124 branches in Pennsylvania , New Jersey , and Maryland , $9.6 billion in assets , and $6.7 billion in deposits ."],"string":"[\n \"BB&T Corporation Type Public company Traded as NYSE : BBT S&P 500 Index component Industry Financial services Founded 1872 ; 145 years ago ( 1872 ) Founder Alpheus Branch Thomas Jefferson Hadley Headquarters Winston - Salem , North Carolina Number of locations 2,100 branches Area served North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia , Maryland , West Virginia , Kentucky , Tennessee , Georgia , Florida , Alabama , Indiana , Texas , New Jersey , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Washington , D.C. Key people Kelly King , Chairman & CEO Christopher L. Henson , President Daryl N. Bible , CFO Products Commercial and Consumer banking Investment banking Insurance Mortgage Revenue US $ 10.793 billion ( 2016 ) Net income US $ 2.442 billion ( 2016 ) Total assets US $ 219.276 billion ( 2016 ) Total equity US $ 29.355 billion ( 2016 ) Number of employees 37,500 ( 2016 ) Website www.bbt.com\",\n \"Type Public company\",\n \"Traded as NYSE : BBT S&P 500 Index component\",\n \"Industry Financial services\",\n \"Founded 1872 ; 145 years ago ( 1872 )\",\n \"Founder Alpheus Branch Thomas Jefferson Hadley\",\n \"Headquarters Winston - Salem , North Carolina\",\n \"Number of locations 2,100 branches\",\n \"Area served North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia , Maryland , West Virginia , Kentucky , Tennessee , Georgia , Florida , Alabama , Indiana , Texas , New Jersey , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Washington , D.C.\",\n \"Key people Kelly King , Chairman & CEO Christopher L. Henson , President Daryl N. Bible , CFO\",\n \"Products Commercial and Consumer banking Investment banking Insurance Mortgage\",\n \"Revenue US $ 10.793 billion ( 2016 )\",\n \"Net income US $ 2.442 billion ( 2016 )\",\n \"Total assets US $ 219.276 billion ( 2016 )\",\n \"Total equity US $ 29.355 billion ( 2016 )\",\n \"Number of employees 37,500 ( 2016 )\",\n \"Website www.bbt.com\",\n \"BB&T Corporation ( Branch Banking and Trust Company ) is a financial service holding company based in Winston - Salem , North Carolina . Its bank operates over 2,100 branches in 15 states and Washington , D.C. , and offers consumer and commercial banking , securities brokerage , asset management , mortgage and insurance products and services . It is on the list of largest banks in the United States . Its subsidiary BB&T Insurance Services is one of the largest insurance brokers in the world .\",\n \"In 1872 , Alpheus Branch and Thomas Jefferson Hadley founded the Branch and Hadley merchant bank in their hometown of Wilson , North Carolina . After many transactions , mostly with local barbers , Branch bought out Hadley 's shares in 1887 and renamed the company to Branch and Company , Bankers . Two years later , Branch , his father - in - law Gen. Joshua Barnes , Hadley and three other men , secured a charter from the North Carolina General Assembly to operate the Wilson Banking and Trust Company . After several additional name changes , the company finally settled on the name Branch Banking and Trust Company . Branch remained an active member in the company until his death in 1893 . The 1903 Branch Banking and Trust Company Building at Wilson was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 .\",\n \"BB&T sold Liberty Bonds during World War I and grew to have more than $4 million in assets by 1923 . BB&T Insurance Services was added in 1922 and a mortgage division was added in 1923 . Even though banks across the United States failed as a result of the 1929 Stock Market Crash , BB&T survived ; it was the only one to do so in the town of Wilson .\",\n \"In 1995 , the bank merged with Southern National Bank , another bank with roots in the eastern part of the state . This gave BB&T 437 branches in 220 cities in the Carolinas and Virginia . The bank continued to expand nationwide through the 1990s , purchasing Fidelity Financial Bankshares , First Financial of Petersburg , Maryland , Maryland Federal Bancorp , and Franklin Bancorporation . In 1998 , BB&T acquired MainStreet Financial of Martinsville , Virginia , and Mason - Dixon Bancshares of Westminster , Maryland , and further expanded into Georgia and West Virginia after purchasing First Liberty of Macon , Georgia , and Matewan Bancshares .\",\n \"In 2005 , the bank acquired Main Street Banks of metro Atlanta for $622 million .\",\n \"In 2006 , the bank acquired Coastal Federal Bank , based in Myrtle Beach , South Carolina .\",\n \"In February 2008 , the company acquired Burkey Risk Services .\",\n \"In April 2008 , the company acquired UnionBanc Insurance Services .\",\n \"In late 2008 , the bank accepted $3.1 billion in bailout money through the sale of preferred shares to the U.S. Treasury 's Troubled Asset Relief Program . In June 2009 , the bank repurchased the shares . Also in June 2009 , its chairman , John A. Allison IV delivered a keynote address to a meeting of the Competitive Enterprise Institute , where he claimed to show how government regulation caused the financial crisis of 2007 -- 2008 .\",\n \"In July 2008 , the company acquired Puckett , Scheetz & Hogan .\",\n \"On August 14 , 2009 , the bank acquired Colonial Bank after its seizure by the FDIC . This acquisition added more than 340 branches in Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Nevada and Texas along with approximately $22 billion in assets . BB&T sold the Nevada branch to U.S. Bancorp in January 2010 .\",\n \"In December 2008 , the company acquired J. Rolfe Davis .\",\n \"In November 2009 , the company acquired Oswald Trippe .\",\n \"In September 2011 , the company acquired Liberty Benefit Insurance Services , an agency operating in California . The company also acquired Atlantic Risk Management .\",\n \"In November 2011 , the company acquired Precept , an employee benefits consulting firm .\",\n \"In February 2012 , the company acquired the life insurance and property and casualty insurance divisions of Crump Group .\",\n \"In July 2012 , the bank acquired BankAtlantic , and its $2.1 billion in loans and $3.3 billion in deposits . The company also began selling flood insurance online .\",\n \"In December 2013 , the bank acquired 21 Citigroup branches in Texas for $36 million , adding $1.2 billion in deposits .\",\n \"In March 2014 , the company acquired Woodbury & Co. , an insurance broker operating in the Carolinas .\",\n \"In April 2014 , the company acquired Caledonian Insurance Group , which specialized in insurance brokerage services for the aviation industry .\",\n \"In September 2014 , the bank acquired 41 more Citigroup branches , which added 123 branches and $5.3 billion in deposits .\",\n \"In April 2015 , BB&T subsidiary CRC Insurance Services acquired the assets of Napco LLC , a broker of catastrophic commercial insurance .\",\n \"In June 2015 , the bank acquired Bank of Kentucky for $363 million , which added $1.9 billion in assets and gave BB&T a presence in the Northern Kentucky - Cincinnati market , and its first branches in Ohio . The also company sold American Coastal Insurance and increased its ownership in AMRisc .\",\n \"In August 2015 , the bank acquired Susquehanna Bank for $2.5 billion , adding 240 branches and $18.7 billion in assets , and marking the bank 's entry into Pennsylvania and New Jersey .\",\n \"In April 2016 , the company acquired Swett & Crawford , a wholesale insurance broker .\",\n \"In April 2016 , the bank acquired National Penn for $1.8 billion , which added 124 branches in Pennsylvania , New Jersey , and Maryland , $9.6 billion in assets , and $6.7 billion in deposits .\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"BB&T - wikipedia BB&T Jump to: navigation , search BB&T Corporation Type Public company Traded as NYSE : BBT S&P 500 Index component Industry Financial services Founded 1872 ; 145 years ago ( 1872 ) Founder Alpheus Branch Thomas Jefferson Hadley Headquarters Winston-Salem, North Carolina Number of locations 2,100 branches Area served North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia , Maryland , West Virginia , Kentucky , Tennessee , Georgia , Florida , Alabama , Indiana , Texas , New Jersey , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Washington, D.C. Key people Kelly King , Chairman & CEO Christopher L. Henson, President Daryl N. Bible, CFO Products Commercial and Consumer banking Investment banking Insurance Mortgage Revenue US$ 10.793 billion (2016) Net income US$ 2.442 billion (2016) Total assets US$ 219.276 billion (2016) Total equity US$ 29.355 billion (2016) Number of employees 37,500 (2016) Website www.bbt.com Typical branch office. Located in Lexington, North Carolina BB&T Headquarters in Winston-Salem, North Carolina BB&T building in downtown Tampa, Florida A typical branch in Douglas, GA BB&T Corporation ( Branch Banking and Trust Company ) is a financial service holding company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina . Its bank operates over 2,100 branches in 15 states and Washington, D.C., and offers consumer and commercial banking, securities brokerage, asset management, mortgage and insurance products and services. It is on the list of largest banks in the United States . Its subsidiary BB&T Insurance Services is one of the largest insurance brokers in the world. History ( edit ) In 1872, Alpheus Branch and Thomas Jefferson Hadley founded the Branch and Hadley merchant bank in their hometown of Wilson, North Carolina . After many transactions, mostly with local barbers, Branch bought out Hadley's shares in 1887 and renamed the company to Branch and Company, Bankers. Two years later, Branch, his father-in-law Gen. Joshua Barnes, Hadley and three other men, secured a charter from the North Carolina General Assembly to operate the Wilson Banking and Trust Company. After several additional name changes, the company finally settled on the name Branch Banking and Trust Company. Branch remained an active member in the company until his death in 1893. The 1903 Branch Banking and Trust Company Building at Wilson was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. BB&T sold Liberty Bonds during World War I and grew to have more than $4 million in assets by 1923. BB&T Insurance Services was added in 1922 and a mortgage division was added in 1923. Even though banks across the United States failed as a result of the 1929 Stock Market Crash , BB&T survived; it was the only one to do so in the town of Wilson. In 1995, the bank merged with Southern National Bank , another bank with roots in the eastern part of the state. This gave BB&T 437 branches in 220 cities in the Carolinas and Virginia . The bank continued to expand nationwide through the 1990s, purchasing Fidelity Financial Bankshares, First Financial of Petersburg, Maryland, Maryland Federal Bancorp, and Franklin Bancorporation. In 1998, BB&T acquired MainStreet Financial of Martinsville, Virginia , and Mason-Dixon Bancshares of Westminster, Maryland, and further expanded into Georgia and West Virginia after purchasing First Liberty of Macon, Georgia, and Matewan Bancshares. In 2005, the bank acquired Main Street Banks of metro Atlanta for $622 million. In 2006, the bank acquired Coastal Federal Bank, based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina . In February 2008, the company acquired Burkey Risk Services. In April 2008, the company acquired UnionBanc Insurance Services. In late 2008, the bank accepted $3.1 billion in bailout money through the sale of preferred shares to the U.S. Treasury's Troubled Asset Relief Program . In June 2009, the bank repurchased the shares. Also in June 2009, its chairman, John A. Allison IV delivered a keynote address to a meeting of the Competitive Enterprise Institute , where he claimed to show how government regulation caused the financial crisis of 2007-- 2008 . In July 2008, the company acquired Puckett, Scheetz & Hogan. On August 14, 2009, the bank acquired Colonial Bank after its seizure by the FDIC . This acquisition added more than 340 branches in Alabama , Florida , Georgia, Nevada and Texas along with approximately $22 billion in assets. BB&T sold the Nevada branch to U.S. Bancorp in January 2010. In December 2008, the company acquired J. Rolfe Davis. In November 2009, the company acquired Oswald Trippe. In September 2011, the company acquired Liberty Benefit Insurance Services, an agency operating in California. The company also acquired Atlantic Risk Management. In November 2011, the company acquired Precept, an employee benefits consulting firm. In February 2012, the company acquired the life insurance and property and casualty insurance divisions of Crump Group. In July 2012, the bank acquired BankAtlantic , and its $2.1 billion in loans and $3.3 billion in deposits. The company also began selling flood insurance online. In December 2013, the bank acquired 21 Citigroup branches in Texas for $36 million, adding $1.2 billion in deposits. In March 2014, the company acquired Woodbury & Co., an insurance broker operating in the Carolinas. In April 2014, the company acquired Caledonian Insurance Group, which specialized in insurance brokerage services for the aviation industry. In September 2014, the bank acquired 41 more Citigroup branches, which added 123 branches and $5.3 billion in deposits. In April 2015, BB&T subsidiary CRC Insurance Services acquired the assets of Napco LLC, a broker of catastrophic commercial insurance. In June 2015, the bank acquired Bank of Kentucky for $363 million, which added $1.9 billion in assets and gave BB&T a presence in the Northern Kentucky-Cincinnati market, and its first branches in Ohio . The also company sold American Coastal Insurance and increased its ownership in AMRisc. In August 2015, the bank acquired Susquehanna Bank for $2.5 billion, adding 240 branches and $18.7 billion in assets, and marking the bank's entry into Pennsylvania and New Jersey . In April 2016, the company acquired Swett & Crawford, a wholesale insurance broker. In April 2016, the bank acquired National Penn for $1.8 billion, which added 124 branches in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland, $9.6 billion in assets, and $6.7 billion in deposits. References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to: BB&T Corporation 2016 Form 10-K Annual Report Jump up ^ Bonner, Marianne (July 13, 2017). `` 15 Largest Insurance Brokerages'' . The Balance. Jump up ^ National Park Service (2010-07-09). `` National Register Information System'' . National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. Jump up ^ `` SNB completes acquisition'' . American City Business Journals . March 3, 1997. Jump up ^ `` BB&T To Acquire Maryland Federal Bancorp, Inc'' (Press release). PRNewswire . February 25, 1998. Jump up ^ Singletary, Michelle; Behr, Peter (December 17, 1997). `` NORTH CAROLINA COMPANY TO BUY FRANKLIN BANCORP'' . The Washington Post . Jump up ^ `` BB&T To Acquire MainStreet of Martinsville, Va'' (Press release). PRNewswire . August 27, 1998. Jump up ^ Berselli, Beth (August 28, 1998). `` BB&T TO ACQUIRE MAINSTREET'' . The Washington Post . Jump up ^ `` BB&T To Acquire Mason-Dixon Bancshares Of Westminster, Md'' (Press release). PRNewswire . January 28, 1999. Jump up ^ `` BB&T to acquire First Liberty Financial Corp. of Macon, Ga'' (Press release). PRNewswire. April 28, 1999. Jump up ^ `` BB&T to buy W. Va. bank'' . American City Business Journals . February 25, 1999. Jump up ^ `` BB&T to acquire Main Street Banks Inc. of metro Atlanta'' (Press release). PRNewswire . December 15, 2005. Jump up ^ `` BB&T to acquire Coastal Financial Corporation of Myrtle Beach, S.C'' (Press release). PRNewswire . December 21, 2006. Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance acquires Maitland firm'' . American City Business Journals . February 29, 2008. Jump up ^ `` BB&T to buy UnionBanc Insurance Services'' . American City Business Journals. April 24, 2008. Jump up ^ `` 2 Banks Exit TARP, With More to Follow'' . The New York Times . June 17, 2009. Jump up ^ Allison IV, John A. (June 11, 2009). `` Transcript of Keynote Address'' (PDF) . Competitive Enterprise Institute . Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance buys Myrtle Beach agency'' . American City Business Journals . July 30, 2008. Jump up ^ `` BB&T Takes Over Colonial Bank'' . The New York Times . August 14, 2009. Jump up ^ Isidore, Chris; Pepitone, Julianne (August 15, 2009). `` BB&T buys Colonial bank; 4 other banks fail'' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` U.S. Bank Completes Purchase of Nevada Banking Operations from BB&T Corporation'' (Press release). Business Wire . January 19, 2010. Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance buys Florida firm'' . American City Business Journals . December 18, 2008. Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance buys Oswald Trippe'' . American City Business Journals . November 3, 2009. Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance Services to acquire California agency'' (Press release). PRNewswire . September 22, 2011. Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance Services to acquire Atlantic Risk Management'' (Press release). PRNewswire . September 27, 2011. Jump up ^ `` BB&T to acquire California insurance agency, Precept'' (Press release). PRNewswire . November 3, 2011. Jump up ^ `` Crump Group, Inc. Announces Sale of Life and Property & Casualty Insurance Divisions to BB&T '' (Press release). Business Wire . February 3, 2012. Jump up ^ Rothacker, Rick (July 31, 2012). `` BB&T to close BankAtlantic deal after receiving Fed OK'' . Reuters . Jump up ^ `` BB&T adds flood insurance to its online offerings'' (Press release). PRNewswire . June 27, 2012. Jump up ^ Craver, Richard (December 18, 2013). `` BB&T acquires 21 Citigroup branches in Texas'' . Winston-Salem Journal . Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance Services to acquire Woodbury & Co'' (Press release). PRNewswire . March 27, 2014. Jump up ^ `` McGriff, Seibels & Williams to acquire Caledonian Insurance Group'' (Press release). PRNewswire. April 2, 2014. Jump up ^ Campbell, Dakin; Dexheimer, Elizabeth (September 3, 2014). `` BB&T buying 41 branches in Texas from Citigroup'' . Bloomberg News . Fort Worth Star-Telegram . Jump up ^ `` CRC Insurance Services to acquire strategic assets of Napco, LLC'' (Press release). PRNewswire. April 2, 2015. Jump up ^ `` BB&T completes The Bank of Kentucky acquisition'' (Press release). PRNewswire . June 22, 2015. Jump up ^ `` BB&T Insurance completes ownership increase in leading managing general underwriter and the divestiture of insurance company'' (Press release). PRNewswire . June 1, 2015. Jump up ^ `` BB&T closes Susquehanna Bancshares acquisition'' (Press release). PRNewswire . August 3, 2015. Jump up ^ `` BB&T closes on Swett & Crawford acquisition'' (Press release). PRNewswire. April 1, 2016. Jump up ^ `` BB&T closes National Penn acquisition'' (Press release). PRNewswire. April 4, 2016. External links ( edit ) Business data for BB&T : Google Finance Yahoo! Finance Bloomberg Reuters SEC filings 50 largest banks and bank holding companies in the United States Ally American Express Bank of America Bank of New York Mellon Barclays * BB&T BBVA * BMO * BNP Paribas * Capital One Charles Schwab CIT Citigroup Citizens Comerica Credit Suisse * Deutsche Bank * Discover E-Trade Fifth Third Goldman Sachs HSBC * Huntington JPMorgan Chase KeyBank M&T Mizuho * Morgan Stanley MUFG Union Bank * Mutual of Omaha New York Community Northern Trust People's United PNC Popular Royal Bank of Canada * Regions Banco Santander * State Farm State Street SunTrust SVB Synchrony Toronto Dominion * TIAA U.S. Bancorp UBS * USAA Wells Fargo Zions * indicates the U.S. subsidiary of a non-U.S. bank. Inclusion on this list is based on U.S. assets only, and is current as of March 31, 2017. Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BB%26T&oldid=808998547 '' Categories : Wilson, North Carolina Companies based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina Banks based in North Carolina Economy of the Southeastern United States Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Banks established in 1872 Mutual fund families Talk About Wikipedia Deutsch فارسی Français Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 6 November 2017, at 14:48. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"-5026626404259017497"}}},{"rowIdx":98,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the current lieutenant governor of washington"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"Cyrus Habib ( born August 22 , 1981 ) is an American politician , lawyer , and professor who is the 16th and current Lieutenant Governor of Washington . As such , he also serves as President of the Washington State Senate . He has been fully blind since he lost his eyesight to cancer at age eight ."},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Cyrus Habib"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Cyrus Habib\"\n ]\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["Cyrus Habib 16th Lieutenant Governor of Washington Incumbent Assumed office January 11 , 2017 Governor Jay Inslee Preceded by Brad Owen Member of the Washington Senate from the 48th district In office January 12 , 2015 -- January 4 , 2017 Preceded by Rodney Tom Succeeded by Patty Kuderer Member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 48th district In office January 14 , 2013 -- January 12 , 2015 Preceded by Deborah Eddy Succeeded by Joan McBride Personal details ( 1981 - 08 - 22 ) August 22 , 1981 ( age 36 ) Baltimore County , Maryland , U.S. Political party Democratic Education Columbia University ( BA ) St John 's College , Oxford ( MLitt ) Yale University ( JD ) Website Official website","Cyrus Habib","16th Lieutenant Governor of Washington","Incumbent","Assumed office January 11 , 2017","Governor Jay Inslee","Preceded by Brad Owen","Member of the Washington Senate from the 48th district","In office January 12 , 2015 -- January 4 , 2017","Preceded by Rodney Tom","Succeeded by Patty Kuderer","Member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 48th district","In office January 14 , 2013 -- January 12 , 2015","Preceded by Deborah Eddy","Succeeded by Joan McBride","Personal details","( 1981 - 08 - 22 ) August 22 , 1981 ( age 36 ) Baltimore County , Maryland , U.S.","Political party Democratic","Education Columbia University ( BA ) St John 's College , Oxford ( MLitt ) Yale University ( JD )","Website Official website","Cyrus Habib ( born August 22 , 1981 ) is an American politician , lawyer , and professor who is the 16th and current Lieutenant Governor of Washington . As such , he also serves as President of the Washington State Senate . He has been fully blind since he lost his eyesight to cancer at age eight .","Habib was born in Baltimore County , Maryland , to parents who had previously immigrated to the U.S. from Iran . A three - time cancer survivor , he lost his eyesight and became fully blind at age eight . Shortly afterwards , his family moved to Bellevue , Washington , where Habib graduated from the Bellevue International School in 1999 .","Habib is a Rhodes Scholar , a Truman Scholar , and a Soros Fellow . He received his B.A. in Comparative Literature from Columbia University , where he graduated Summa Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa . He studied with leading cultural theorists Jacques Derrida , Edward Said , and Gayatri Spivak . While an undergraduate , Habib worked in the New York City office of then Senator Hillary Clinton .","Habib obtained a Master of Letters in English Literature from St John 's College at the University of Oxford , where he was an active member of the Oxford Union , and wrote his masters thesis on Ralph Ellison and Salman Rushdie .","Habib then received a law degree from Yale Law School , where he served as an Editor of the school 's flagship law review , the Yale Law Journal , and was mentored and influenced by Judge Guido Calabresi and Professors Akhil Amar and Harold Koh . While at Yale , Habib was a member of the university 's exclusive Grand Strategy program , led by John Lewis Gaddis , Charles Hill , and Paul Kennedy .","In 2012 , Habib won a seat in the Washington House of Representatives , defeating two - term Redmond City Councilman Hank Myers and gaining 61 % of the vote . He was elected to represent Washington 's 48th Legislative District , which includes Bellevue , Clyde Hill , Hunts Point , Kirkland , Medina , Redmond , and Yarrow Point . Habib set a record for the most money ever raised ( over $340,000 ) in a State House race in Washington . In the House of Representatives , Habib was selected by his peers to serve as Vice Chair of the House Committee on Technology and Economic Development .","In 2014 , Habib was elected to the Washington State Senate with 65 % of the vote to succeed controversial Senate Majority Leader Rodney Tom as State Senator from the 48th Legislative District . Immediately after his election to the State Senate , Habib was elected Senate Democratic Whip by his fellow Democrats , placing him in one of the top leadership positions in the State Senate .","Shortly before the 2016 legislative session , Habib announced his campaign for Lieutenant Governor of Washington , challenging embattled twenty - year incumbent Brad Owen . Several months later , Owen , who had previously filed campaign paperwork , announced that he would in fact not seek reelection . Habib went on to win the primary election against ten other candidates , including long - time State Senators Karen Fraser and Steve Hobbs . Another senior legislator , Speaker pro tem of the Washington House of Representatives Jim Moeller was also a candidate but ultimately discontinued his campaign . Habib defeated Republican Marty McClendon by a nine - point margin in the November , 2016 general election . He raised over $1.1 million , and was supported in his campaign by President Barack Obama , who endorsed and recorded robocalls encouraging voters to cast their ballots for him .","Habib is the author of a number of laws related to technology and the innovation economy . He authored the Washington Jobs Act of 2014 , which allows investor crowdfunding for the first time in Washington , so that entrepreneurs and small businesses can more easily obtain access to capital .","He is also the author of legislation that created a statewide framework for Transportation Network Companies such as Uber and Lyft to operate in Washington State , and for drivers , passengers , and the public to be covered by appropriate and comprehensive insurance .","In the face of diminishing federal funding for cancer research , and the success of immunotherapy treatments in curing difficult cancer subtypes , Habib introduced legislation to create a dedicated cancer research fund in Washington State .","Habib introduced Senate Bill 5267 , which would allow citizens to provide pre-recorded video testimony filmed on their smart phones -- the first such bill in the nation . Habib 's bill gained national pop culture recognition as one of the `` Five Times the Daily Show Actually Influenced Policy '' . Habib has stated that he was inspired by John Oliver 's success in engaging the public on the topic of net neutrality , and the subsequent use of remote testimony submitted online to the Federal Communications Commission by his viewers .","Habib was also the first Democratic State Legislator to seek the impeachment of State Auditor Troy Kelley , who is facing over a dozen federal criminal charges for tax evasion and fraud .","Habib is the prime sponsor of legislation in the State Senate to guarantee paid sick leave for nearly all Washington workers .","He is the Senate prime sponsor of the Washington Voting Rights Act , which aims to prevent cities and counties from using racially polarized voting systems .","Habib 's 2015 bill to provide standard - issue ID cards to help exiting prison inmates with reentry into society has gained widespread support .","Civil legal aid is a priority Habib has fought to keep funded in the state budget . He has argued that cuts in such funding will most severely impact families facing foreclosure , domestic violence , predatory lending , and those needing help accessing veteran and disability benefits .","Habib also sponsored the Truth in Evictions Reporting Act , to ensure that wrongfully evicted tenants will be able to have their rental history corrected .","Habib angered some Republicans when he proposed the introduction of legislative language acknowledging that climate change is real and that human activity is a significant factor in its acceleration .","As a member of the Senate Transportation Committee , Habib played a critical role in the passage of a landmark transportation investment package that completes the SR 520 bridge replacement and the North Spokane Corridor , funds extensions of SR 167 and 509 , adds new lanes to I - 405 , and authorizes the next generation of light rail and bus rapid transit in the central Puget Sound region . This was the first investment in transportation infrastructure in a decade .","Habib has also authored legislation protecting bridge toll payers from wrongful and excessive toll fees .","Habib was the first Iranian - American elected to state office in the United States , elected to a state legislature the same day as Adrin Nazarian of California , and to date the highest ranking Iranian - American in public office as the first to serve in a statewide office .","In 2014 , Habib was named one of the `` 40 Under 40 Political Rising Stars '' by the Washington Post. he was also named one of `` 12 State Legislators to Watch '' by Governing Magazine . Seattle Magazine has named him one of the `` most influential '' people in the greater Seattle area .","Habib was chosen by the leadership of the Democratic National Committee to serve as one of 25 appointed members of the party 's 2016 Platform Committee .","After graduating from Yale , Habib returned to Washington , and began practicing law at the region 's largest law firm , Perkins Coie , where from 2009 to 2017 he advised technology startups , and led the firm 's civic and community initiatives .","Since 2013 , Habib has been Professor and Distinguished Lawmaker in Residence at the Seattle University School of Law , where he teaches upper - level courses and conducts research on issues at the convergence of technology and public policy .","Habib is a Roman Catholic , and attends Mass at Seattle 's St. James Cathedral . A member of the Council on Foreign Relations , he also serves on the boards of a number of nonprofit organizations , including the 5th Avenue Theatre ."],"string":"[\n \"Cyrus Habib 16th Lieutenant Governor of Washington Incumbent Assumed office January 11 , 2017 Governor Jay Inslee Preceded by Brad Owen Member of the Washington Senate from the 48th district In office January 12 , 2015 -- January 4 , 2017 Preceded by Rodney Tom Succeeded by Patty Kuderer Member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 48th district In office January 14 , 2013 -- January 12 , 2015 Preceded by Deborah Eddy Succeeded by Joan McBride Personal details ( 1981 - 08 - 22 ) August 22 , 1981 ( age 36 ) Baltimore County , Maryland , U.S. Political party Democratic Education Columbia University ( BA ) St John 's College , Oxford ( MLitt ) Yale University ( JD ) Website Official website\",\n \"Cyrus Habib\",\n \"16th Lieutenant Governor of Washington\",\n \"Incumbent\",\n \"Assumed office January 11 , 2017\",\n \"Governor Jay Inslee\",\n \"Preceded by Brad Owen\",\n \"Member of the Washington Senate from the 48th district\",\n \"In office January 12 , 2015 -- January 4 , 2017\",\n \"Preceded by Rodney Tom\",\n \"Succeeded by Patty Kuderer\",\n \"Member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 48th district\",\n \"In office January 14 , 2013 -- January 12 , 2015\",\n \"Preceded by Deborah Eddy\",\n \"Succeeded by Joan McBride\",\n \"Personal details\",\n \"( 1981 - 08 - 22 ) August 22 , 1981 ( age 36 ) Baltimore County , Maryland , U.S.\",\n \"Political party Democratic\",\n \"Education Columbia University ( BA ) St John 's College , Oxford ( MLitt ) Yale University ( JD )\",\n \"Website Official website\",\n \"Cyrus Habib ( born August 22 , 1981 ) is an American politician , lawyer , and professor who is the 16th and current Lieutenant Governor of Washington . As such , he also serves as President of the Washington State Senate . He has been fully blind since he lost his eyesight to cancer at age eight .\",\n \"Habib was born in Baltimore County , Maryland , to parents who had previously immigrated to the U.S. from Iran . A three - time cancer survivor , he lost his eyesight and became fully blind at age eight . Shortly afterwards , his family moved to Bellevue , Washington , where Habib graduated from the Bellevue International School in 1999 .\",\n \"Habib is a Rhodes Scholar , a Truman Scholar , and a Soros Fellow . He received his B.A. in Comparative Literature from Columbia University , where he graduated Summa Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa . He studied with leading cultural theorists Jacques Derrida , Edward Said , and Gayatri Spivak . While an undergraduate , Habib worked in the New York City office of then Senator Hillary Clinton .\",\n \"Habib obtained a Master of Letters in English Literature from St John 's College at the University of Oxford , where he was an active member of the Oxford Union , and wrote his masters thesis on Ralph Ellison and Salman Rushdie .\",\n \"Habib then received a law degree from Yale Law School , where he served as an Editor of the school 's flagship law review , the Yale Law Journal , and was mentored and influenced by Judge Guido Calabresi and Professors Akhil Amar and Harold Koh . While at Yale , Habib was a member of the university 's exclusive Grand Strategy program , led by John Lewis Gaddis , Charles Hill , and Paul Kennedy .\",\n \"In 2012 , Habib won a seat in the Washington House of Representatives , defeating two - term Redmond City Councilman Hank Myers and gaining 61 % of the vote . He was elected to represent Washington 's 48th Legislative District , which includes Bellevue , Clyde Hill , Hunts Point , Kirkland , Medina , Redmond , and Yarrow Point . Habib set a record for the most money ever raised ( over $340,000 ) in a State House race in Washington . In the House of Representatives , Habib was selected by his peers to serve as Vice Chair of the House Committee on Technology and Economic Development .\",\n \"In 2014 , Habib was elected to the Washington State Senate with 65 % of the vote to succeed controversial Senate Majority Leader Rodney Tom as State Senator from the 48th Legislative District . Immediately after his election to the State Senate , Habib was elected Senate Democratic Whip by his fellow Democrats , placing him in one of the top leadership positions in the State Senate .\",\n \"Shortly before the 2016 legislative session , Habib announced his campaign for Lieutenant Governor of Washington , challenging embattled twenty - year incumbent Brad Owen . Several months later , Owen , who had previously filed campaign paperwork , announced that he would in fact not seek reelection . Habib went on to win the primary election against ten other candidates , including long - time State Senators Karen Fraser and Steve Hobbs . Another senior legislator , Speaker pro tem of the Washington House of Representatives Jim Moeller was also a candidate but ultimately discontinued his campaign . Habib defeated Republican Marty McClendon by a nine - point margin in the November , 2016 general election . He raised over $1.1 million , and was supported in his campaign by President Barack Obama , who endorsed and recorded robocalls encouraging voters to cast their ballots for him .\",\n \"Habib is the author of a number of laws related to technology and the innovation economy . He authored the Washington Jobs Act of 2014 , which allows investor crowdfunding for the first time in Washington , so that entrepreneurs and small businesses can more easily obtain access to capital .\",\n \"He is also the author of legislation that created a statewide framework for Transportation Network Companies such as Uber and Lyft to operate in Washington State , and for drivers , passengers , and the public to be covered by appropriate and comprehensive insurance .\",\n \"In the face of diminishing federal funding for cancer research , and the success of immunotherapy treatments in curing difficult cancer subtypes , Habib introduced legislation to create a dedicated cancer research fund in Washington State .\",\n \"Habib introduced Senate Bill 5267 , which would allow citizens to provide pre-recorded video testimony filmed on their smart phones -- the first such bill in the nation . Habib 's bill gained national pop culture recognition as one of the `` Five Times the Daily Show Actually Influenced Policy '' . Habib has stated that he was inspired by John Oliver 's success in engaging the public on the topic of net neutrality , and the subsequent use of remote testimony submitted online to the Federal Communications Commission by his viewers .\",\n \"Habib was also the first Democratic State Legislator to seek the impeachment of State Auditor Troy Kelley , who is facing over a dozen federal criminal charges for tax evasion and fraud .\",\n \"Habib is the prime sponsor of legislation in the State Senate to guarantee paid sick leave for nearly all Washington workers .\",\n \"He is the Senate prime sponsor of the Washington Voting Rights Act , which aims to prevent cities and counties from using racially polarized voting systems .\",\n \"Habib 's 2015 bill to provide standard - issue ID cards to help exiting prison inmates with reentry into society has gained widespread support .\",\n \"Civil legal aid is a priority Habib has fought to keep funded in the state budget . He has argued that cuts in such funding will most severely impact families facing foreclosure , domestic violence , predatory lending , and those needing help accessing veteran and disability benefits .\",\n \"Habib also sponsored the Truth in Evictions Reporting Act , to ensure that wrongfully evicted tenants will be able to have their rental history corrected .\",\n \"Habib angered some Republicans when he proposed the introduction of legislative language acknowledging that climate change is real and that human activity is a significant factor in its acceleration .\",\n \"As a member of the Senate Transportation Committee , Habib played a critical role in the passage of a landmark transportation investment package that completes the SR 520 bridge replacement and the North Spokane Corridor , funds extensions of SR 167 and 509 , adds new lanes to I - 405 , and authorizes the next generation of light rail and bus rapid transit in the central Puget Sound region . This was the first investment in transportation infrastructure in a decade .\",\n \"Habib has also authored legislation protecting bridge toll payers from wrongful and excessive toll fees .\",\n \"Habib was the first Iranian - American elected to state office in the United States , elected to a state legislature the same day as Adrin Nazarian of California , and to date the highest ranking Iranian - American in public office as the first to serve in a statewide office .\",\n \"In 2014 , Habib was named one of the `` 40 Under 40 Political Rising Stars '' by the Washington Post. he was also named one of `` 12 State Legislators to Watch '' by Governing Magazine . Seattle Magazine has named him one of the `` most influential '' people in the greater Seattle area .\",\n \"Habib was chosen by the leadership of the Democratic National Committee to serve as one of 25 appointed members of the party 's 2016 Platform Committee .\",\n \"After graduating from Yale , Habib returned to Washington , and began practicing law at the region 's largest law firm , Perkins Coie , where from 2009 to 2017 he advised technology startups , and led the firm 's civic and community initiatives .\",\n \"Since 2013 , Habib has been Professor and Distinguished Lawmaker in Residence at the Seattle University School of Law , where he teaches upper - level courses and conducts research on issues at the convergence of technology and public policy .\",\n \"Habib is a Roman Catholic , and attends Mass at Seattle 's St. James Cathedral . A member of the Council on Foreign Relations , he also serves on the boards of a number of nonprofit organizations , including the 5th Avenue Theatre .\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"Cyrus Habib - wikipedia Cyrus Habib Jump to: navigation , search Cyrus Habib 16th Lieutenant Governor of Washington Incumbent Assumed office January 11, 2017 Governor Jay Inslee Preceded by Brad Owen Member of the Washington Senate from the 48th district In office January 12, 2015 -- January 4, 2017 Preceded by Rodney Tom Succeeded by Patty Kuderer Member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 48th district In office January 14, 2013 -- January 12, 2015 Preceded by Deborah Eddy Succeeded by Joan McBride Personal details ( 1981-08-22 ) August 22, 1981 (age 36) Baltimore County , Maryland , U.S. Political party Democratic Education Columbia University ( BA ) St John's College, Oxford ( MLitt ) Yale University ( JD ) Website Official website Cyrus Habib (born August 22, 1981) is an American politician, lawyer, and professor who is the 16th and current Lieutenant Governor of Washington . As such, he also serves as President of the Washington State Senate . He has been fully blind since he lost his eyesight to cancer at age eight. Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2.1 State legislature 2.2 Lieutenant Governor 3 Legislative focus 3.1 Economic development 3.2 Open government 3.3 Social justice 3.4 Environment and transportation 4 Awards and recognition 5 Other affiliations 6 References 7 External links Early life and education ( edit ) Habib was born in Baltimore County , Maryland , to parents who had previously immigrated to the U.S. from Iran . A three-time cancer survivor, he lost his eyesight and became fully blind at age eight. Shortly afterwards, his family moved to Bellevue, Washington , where Habib graduated from the Bellevue International School in 1999. Habib is a Rhodes Scholar , a Truman Scholar , and a Soros Fellow . He received his B.A. in Comparative Literature from Columbia University , where he graduated Summa Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa . He studied with leading cultural theorists Jacques Derrida , Edward Said , and Gayatri Spivak . While an undergraduate, Habib worked in the New York City office of then Senator Hillary Clinton . Habib obtained a Master of Letters in English Literature from St John's College at the University of Oxford , where he was an active member of the Oxford Union , and wrote his masters thesis on Ralph Ellison and Salman Rushdie . Habib then received a law degree from Yale Law School , where he served as an Editor of the school's flagship law review, the Yale Law Journal , and was mentored and influenced by Judge Guido Calabresi and Professors Akhil Amar and Harold Koh . While at Yale, Habib was a member of the university's exclusive Grand Strategy program, led by John Lewis Gaddis , Charles Hill , and Paul Kennedy . Career ( edit ) State legislature ( edit ) In 2012, Habib won a seat in the Washington House of Representatives , defeating two-term Redmond City Councilman Hank Myers and gaining 61% of the vote. He was elected to represent Washington's 48th Legislative District , which includes Bellevue , Clyde Hill , Hunts Point , Kirkland , Medina , Redmond , and Yarrow Point . Habib set a record for the most money ever raised (over $340,000) in a State House race in Washington. In the House of Representatives, Habib was selected by his peers to serve as Vice Chair of the House Committee on Technology and Economic Development. In 2014, Habib was elected to the Washington State Senate with 65% of the vote to succeed controversial Senate Majority Leader Rodney Tom as State Senator from the 48th Legislative District. Immediately after his election to the State Senate, Habib was elected Senate Democratic Whip by his fellow Democrats, placing him in one of the top leadership positions in the State Senate. Lieutenant Governor ( edit ) Habib addressing Defend DACA rally, Seattle, September 5, 2017 Shortly before the 2016 legislative session, Habib announced his campaign for Lieutenant Governor of Washington , challenging embattled twenty-year incumbent Brad Owen . Several months later, Owen, who had previously filed campaign paperwork, announced that he would in fact not seek reelection. Habib went on to win the primary election against ten other candidates, including long-time State Senators Karen Fraser and Steve Hobbs . Another senior legislator, Speaker pro tem of the Washington House of Representatives Jim Moeller was also a candidate but ultimately discontinued his campaign. Habib defeated Republican Marty McClendon by a nine-point margin in the November, 2016 general election. He raised over $1.1 million, and was supported in his campaign by President Barack Obama , who endorsed and recorded robocalls encouraging voters to cast their ballots for him. Legislative focus ( edit ) Economic Development ( edit ) Habib is the author of a number of laws related to technology and the innovation economy. He authored the Washington Jobs Act of 2014, which allows investor crowdfunding for the first time in Washington, so that entrepreneurs and small businesses can more easily obtain access to capital. He is also the author of legislation that created a statewide framework for Transportation Network Companies such as Uber and Lyft to operate in Washington State, and for drivers, passengers, and the public to be covered by appropriate and comprehensive insurance. In the face of diminishing federal funding for cancer research, and the success of immunotherapy treatments in curing difficult cancer subtypes, Habib introduced legislation to create a dedicated cancer research fund in Washington State. Open government ( edit ) Habib introduced Senate Bill 5267, which would allow citizens to provide pre-recorded video testimony filmed on their smart phones -- the first such bill in the nation. Habib's bill gained national pop culture recognition as one of the `` Five Times the Daily Show Actually Influenced Policy'' . Habib has stated that he was inspired by John Oliver 's success in engaging the public on the topic of net neutrality, and the subsequent use of remote testimony submitted online to the Federal Communications Commission by his viewers. Habib was also the first Democratic State Legislator to seek the impeachment of State Auditor Troy Kelley , who is facing over a dozen federal criminal charges for tax evasion and fraud. Social Justice ( edit ) Habib is the prime sponsor of legislation in the State Senate to guarantee paid sick leave for nearly all Washington workers. He is the Senate prime sponsor of the Washington Voting Rights Act, which aims to prevent cities and counties from using racially polarized voting systems. Habib's 2015 bill to provide standard-issue ID cards to help exiting prison inmates with reentry into society has gained widespread support. Civil legal aid is a priority Habib has fought to keep funded in the state budget. He has argued that cuts in such funding will most severely impact families facing foreclosure, domestic violence, predatory lending, and those needing help accessing veteran and disability benefits. Habib also sponsored the Truth in Evictions Reporting Act, to ensure that wrongfully evicted tenants will be able to have their rental history corrected. Environment and transportation ( edit ) Habib angered some Republicans when he proposed the introduction of legislative language acknowledging that climate change is real and that human activity is a significant factor in its acceleration. As a member of the Senate Transportation Committee, Habib played a critical role in the passage of a landmark transportation investment package that completes the SR 520 bridge replacement and the North Spokane Corridor, funds extensions of SR 167 and 509, adds new lanes to I-405, and authorizes the next generation of light rail and bus rapid transit in the central Puget Sound region. This was the first investment in transportation infrastructure in a decade. Habib has also authored legislation protecting bridge toll payers from wrongful and excessive toll fees. Awards and recognition ( edit ) Habib was the first Iranian-American elected to state office in the United States , elected to a state legislature the same day as Adrin Nazarian of California, and to date the highest ranking Iranian-American in public office as the first to serve in a statewide office. In 2014, Habib was named one of the `` 40 Under 40 Political Rising Stars'' by the Washington Post. he was also named one of `` 12 State Legislators to Watch'' by Governing Magazine . Seattle Magazine has named him one of the `` most influential'' people in the greater Seattle area. Habib was chosen by the leadership of the Democratic National Committee to serve as one of 25 appointed members of the party's 2016 Platform Committee. Other affiliations ( edit ) After graduating from Yale, Habib returned to Washington, and began practicing law at the region's largest law firm, Perkins Coie , where from 2009 to 2017 he advised technology startups, and led the firm's civic and community initiatives. Since 2013, Habib has been Professor and Distinguished Lawmaker in Residence at the Seattle University School of Law , where he teaches upper-level courses and conducts research on issues at the convergence of technology and public policy. Habib is a Roman Catholic , and attends Mass at Seattle's St. James Cathedral . A member of the Council on Foreign Relations , he also serves on the boards of a number of nonprofit organizations, including the 5th Avenue Theatre . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to: `` Candidate makes history, becoming first Iranian American elected to a state legislature'' . Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans. November 6, 2012 . Retrieved June 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cyrus Habib - Virtual Embassy of the United States Tehran, Iran'' . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Man Who Wants to Be Lieutenant Governor'' . Northwest Asian Weekly . Retrieved January 27, 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Diverse newcomers seek 48th District House seat'' . Kirkland Reporter . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Five current and two incoming YLS students named 2007 Soros Fellows'' . Yale Law School . March 1, 2007 . Retrieved June 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Habib draws on life experience to serve 48th district - Bellevue Reporter'' . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cyrus Habib, Blind Lawmaker, Reflects Biography In Policy'' . Huffington Post . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Our Iranian American Senator'' . Huffington Post . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cyrus Habib - Show Us The Money'' . Washington Post . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ Celina Kareiva (November 20, 2012). `` Habib draws on life experience to serve 48th district'' . Bellevue Reporter . Sound Publishing, Inc . Retrieved June 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` From Braille to Yale - This just in'' . Yale Alumni Magazine . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` House committees, chairs approved'' . December 10, 2012 . Retrieved June 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` 2014 election results for Washington state'' . The Seattle Times . November 5, 2014 . Retrieved November 5, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Senator-elect Cyrus Habib named Senate Democratic Whip - Kirkland Reporter'' . Kirkland Reporter . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Rep. Habib's bill to aid entrepreneurs, create jobs wins Senate approval'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` SB 5550 - 2015-16'' . app.leg.wa.gov . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cancer research funding legislation introduced by Habib, Hunter - Kirkland Reporter'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Sen. Cyrus Habib -- Washington State Senate Democrats -- ' Legislative YouTube' testimony bill introduced by Habib'' . sdc.wastateleg.org . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: `` 5 times ' The Daily Show' actually influenced policy'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` State AG opens new probe into Auditor Troy Kelley'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Minimum wage, paid sick and safe leave bills introduced in Legislature'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Free state ID cards proposed for newly released prisoners'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Justice for all, not only for those who can afford it'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Week in Housing Advocacy - Week 1 Washington Low Income Housing Alliance'' . www.wliha.org . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` State Senators Squabble Over Climate Change Seattle Politics'' . www.seattlemet.com . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Common-sense House bill seeks fairness for 520 bridge drivers'' . Retrieved September 23, 2015 . Jump up ^ Aaron Blake (May 19, 2014). `` 40 under 40'' . Washington Post . Jump up ^ Louis Jacobson (January 2014). `` 12 state legislators to watch in 2014'' . Governing . Governing Institute . Retrieved June 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Full List: Most Influential People of 2013'' . Seattle Magazine . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Perkins Coie - Professionals - Cyrus Habib'' . Retrieved June 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cyrus Habib: Distinguished Lawmaker in Residence'' . Retrieved June 27, 2014 . Jump up ^ `` About the 5th Avenue Theatre'' . Retrieved January 11, 2015 . External links ( edit ) Appearances on C-SPAN Political offices Preceded by Brad Owen Lieutenant Governor of Washington 2017-- present Incumbent Lieutenant Governors of Washington Laughton Luce Daniels McBride Coon Hay Hart Coyle Johnson Gellatly Meyers Anderson Cherberg Pritchard Owen Habib Current lieutenant governors in the United States Vice President of the United States : Mike Pence (R) AL Marsh ( R ) AK Mallott ( D ) AZ Reagan (R) AR Griffin (R) CA Newsom (D) CO Lynne (D) CT Wyman (D) DE Hall-Long (D) FL López -Cantera (R) GA Cagle (R) HI Chin (D) ID Little (R) IL Sanguinetti (R) IN Crouch (R) IA Gregg (R) , Schneider (R) KS Mann (R) KY Hampton (R) LA Nungesser (R) ME Thibodeau (R) MD Rutherford (R) MA Polito (R) MI Calley (R) MN Fischbach (R) MS Reeves (R) MO Parson (R) MT Cooney (D) NE Foley (R) NV Hutchison (R) NH Morse (R) NJ Oliver (D) NM Sanchez (R) NY Hochul (D) NC Forest (R) ND Sanford (R) OH Taylor (R) OK Lamb (R) OR Richardson (R) PA Stack (D) RI McKee (D) SC Bryant (R) SD Michels (R) TN McNally (R) TX Patrick (R) UT Cox (R) VT Zuckerman ( P ) VA Fairfax (D) WA Habib (D) WV Carmichael (R) WI Kleefisch (R) WY Buchanan (R) DC Mendelson (D) Territories: AS Mauga (D) GU Tenorio (R) MP Hocog (R) PR Marín (R) VI Potter (I) Next-in-line of succession for states and territories without official lieutenant governors: 1. Secretary of State 2. Senate President 3. Council Chair 4. Acting; not in succession Political party affiliation: Republican : 39 (36 states, 3 territories) Democratic : 15 (13 states, 1 territory, 1 district) Vermont Progressive : 1 (state) Independent : 1 (territory) Current Presidents of State Senates United States Senate : Mike Pence ( R ), Orrin Hatch (R) AL Vacant , Marsh (R) AK Kelly (R) AZ Yarbrough (R), Kavanagh (R) AR Griffin (R), Dismang (R) CA Newsom ( D ), Atkins (D) CO Grantham (R), Sonnenberg (R) CT Wyman (D), Looney (D) / Fasano (R) DE Hall-Long (D), McBride (D) FL Negron (R), Flores (R) GA Cagle (R), Miller (R) HI Kouchi (D) ID Little (R), Hill (R) IL Cullerton (D), Harmon (D) IN Crouch (R), Long (R) IA Schneider (R), Behn (R) KS Wagle (R) KY Stivers (R), Higdon (R) LA Alario (R), Long (R) ME Thibodeau (R) MD Miller (D), McFadden (D) MA Chandler (D), Pacheco (D) MI Calley (R), Schuitmaker (R) MN Fischbach (R), Limmer (R) MS Reeves (R), Burton (R) MO Parson (R), Richard (R) MT Sales (R), Keenan (R) NE Scheer (R)* NV Hutchison (R), Denis (D) NH Morse (R), Carson (R) NJ Sweeney (D), Ruiz (D) NM Sanchez (R), Papen (D) NY Hochul (D), Flanagan (R) NC Forest (R), Berger (R) ND Sanford (R), Lee (R) OH Obhof (R), Peterson (R) OK Lamb (R), Schulz (R) OR Courtney (D), Monnes Anderson (D) PA Stack (D), Scarnati (R) RI Ruggerio (D), Metts (D) SC Bryant (R), Leatherman (R) SD Michels (R), Greenfield (R) TN McNally (R), Tracy (R) TX Patrick (R), Seliger (R) UT Niederhauser (R) VT Zuckerman (D), Ashe (D) VA Fairfax (D), Newman (R) WA Habib (D), Keiser (D) WV Carmichael (R), Boley (R) WI Roth (R), Marklein (R) WY Bebout (R) DC Mendelson (D) * Territories: AS Tofau ( I ) GU Cruz (D)* MP Palacios (R) PR Rivera ( PNP /R), Seilhamer (PNP) VI Jackson (D) * Italics indicate presidents pro tempore *Unicameral body Current statewide elected officials and legislative leaders of Washington U.S. Senators Maria Cantwell Patty Murray State government Jay Inslee , Governor Cyrus Habib , Lieutenant Governor Kim Wyman , Secretary of State Bob Ferguson , Attorney General Duane Davidson , Treasurer Pat McCarthy , Auditor Chris Reykdal , Superintendent of Public Instruction Peter Goldmark , Public Lands Commissioner Hilary Franz , Insurance Commissioner Senate Karen Keiser , President pro tempore Sharon Nelson , Majority Leader Mark Schoesler , Minority Leader House Frank Chopp , Speaker Jim Moeller , Speaker pro tempore Pat Sullivan , Majority Leader J.T. Wilcox , Minority Leader Supreme Court Mary Fairhurst , Chief Justice Charles Johnson , Associate Chief Justice Barbara Madsen , Associate Justice Susan Owens , Associate Justice Debra Stephens , Associate Justice Charles Wiggins , Associate Justice Steven Gonzalez , Associate Justice Sheryl McCloud , Associate Justice Mary Yu , Associate Justice Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyrus_Habib&oldid=838084874 '' Categories : 1981 births 21st-century American politicians Alumni of St John's College, Oxford American people of Iranian descent American politicians with physical disabilities American Rhodes Scholars Blind people from the United States Blind politicians Columbia University alumni American politicians of Iranian descent Lieutenant Governors of Washington (state) Living people Members of the Washington House of Representatives Politicians from Baltimore Truman Scholars Washington (state) Democrats Washington (state) State Senators Yale Law School alumni Hidden categories: Use mdy dates from February 2016 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch فارسی Edit links This page was last edited on 24 April 2018, at 20:43. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. About Wikipedia"},"id":{"kind":"string","value":"423514709409222474"}}},{"rowIdx":99,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who gets to keep the super bowl trophy"},"long_answer":{"kind":"string","value":"The words `` Vince Lombardi Trophy '' along with the Roman numerals of that year 's Super Bowl are engraved on and the NFL shield is affixed onto the base . After the trophy is awarded , it is sent back to Tiffany 's to be engraved with the names of the participating teams , the date , location , and the game 's final score . It is then sent back to the winning team for them to keep . Smaller replicas are made for each person on the winning team ."},"short_answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[["the winning team"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"the winning team\"\n ]\n]","isConversational":false},"yes_no_answer":{"kind":"list like","value":[-1],"string":"[\n -1\n]","isConversational":false},"candidates":{"kind":"list like","value":["Vince Lombardi Trophy A Vince Lombardi Trophy on display , 2009 Award details Sport American football Given for Winning the Super Bowl , the championship game of the National Football League History First award January 15 , 1967 ; 50 years ago ( 1967 - 01 - 15 ) First winner Green Bay Packers Most wins Pittsburgh Steelers Most recent New England Patriots Website SuperBowl.com","Vince Lombardi Trophy","A Vince Lombardi Trophy on display , 2009","Award details","Sport American football","Given for Winning the Super Bowl , the championship game of the National Football League","History","First award January 15 , 1967 ; 50 years ago ( 1967 - 01 - 15 )","First winner Green Bay Packers","Most wins Pittsburgh Steelers","Most recent New England Patriots","Website SuperBowl.com","The Vince Lombardi Trophy is the trophy awarded each year to the winning team of the National Football League 's championship game , the Super Bowl . The trophy is named in honor of NFL coach Vince Lombardi .","During lunch with NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle in 1966 , Tiffany & Co. vice president Oscar Riedner made a sketch on a cocktail napkin of what would become the Vince Lombardi Trophy . The original trophy was produced by Tiffany & Co. in Newark , New Jersey . Others have since been handcrafted by the company in Parsippany , New Jersey . As of 2017 , the trophy is produced at the Tiffany & Co Forrest Hills manufacturing facility in Cumberland , Rhode Island . The trophy was first awarded to the Green Bay Packers in January 15 , 1967 , following the 1966 regular season ( when the Super Bowl 's official designation was the AFL - NFL World Championship Game ) after they defeated the Kansas City Chiefs , 35 - 10 .","Even though it is a national tournament , the award was initially inscribed with the words `` World Professional Football Championship '' . It was officially renamed in 1970 in memory of NFL head coach Vince Lombardi , after his death from cancer . It was thus presented for the first time as the Vince Lombardi Trophy in Super Bowl V when the Baltimore Colts defeated the Dallas Cowboys 16 - 13 . It has also been referred to as the `` Tiffany Trophy '' after the Tiffany & Co .","Since Super Bowl XXX , the award has been presented to the winning team 's owner on the field following the game . Previously , it was presented inside the winning team 's locker room . In the case of the community - owned Packers ' two titles since Super Bowl XXX , the team 's President & CEO has accepted the trophy .","Unlike trophies such as the Stanley Cup and the Grey Cup , a new Vince Lombardi Trophy is made every year and the winning team maintains permanent possession of that trophy , with one notable exception being Super Bowl V 's , won by the then - Baltimore Colts . The city of Baltimore retained that trophy as part of the legal settlement between the team and the city after the Colts ' infamous `` Midnight Mayflower '' move to Indianapolis on March 29 , 1984 . Since then , both the relocated Colts and their replacement in Baltimore , the Ravens , have won the Super Bowl and earned trophies in their own right .","Since Super Bowl XLV , the Vince Lombardi Trophy is also prominently featured in the standardized logo design now used for all future Super Bowl games .","The Vince Lombardi Trophy stands 22 inches ( 56 cm ) tall , weighs 7 pounds ( 3.2 kg ) and depicts a football in a kicking position on a three concave sided stand , and is entirely made of sterling silver .","The words `` Vince Lombardi Trophy '' along with the Roman numerals of that year 's Super Bowl are engraved on and the NFL shield is affixed onto the base . After the trophy is awarded , it is sent back to Tiffany 's to be engraved with the names of the participating teams , the date , location , and the game 's final score . It is then sent back to the winning team for them to keep . Smaller replicas are made for each person on the winning team .","For the first four championship games , both the NFL and the AFL logos were in the center of the trophy . Starting from Super Bowl V , only the NFL shield was on the front . Beginning with Super Bowl XXXVIII , the shield took on a frosted appearance . Starting with Super Bowl XLIII , the slightly redesigned NFL shield began appearing on the trophy , still with a frosted appearance . Other than the logo , the trophy has had no significant changes made since the first Super Bowl . While no franchise possesses all four versions , the Green Bay Packers , New England Patriots , New York Giants , and Pittsburgh Steelers have three of the four designs .","The Super Bowl is currently played in early February ( the game originally took place in early to mid-January ) , culminating a season that generally begins in September of the previous calendar year . For example , Super Bowl 50 , which was played on February 7 , 2016 , determined the league champion for the 2015 NFL season . The years shown below refer to the season , not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played .","The Pittsburgh Steelers ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , 1979 , 2005 , 2008 ) are first with six Vince Lombardi Trophies . The Dallas Cowboys ( 1971 , 1977 , 1992 , 1993 , 1995 ) , the San Francisco 49ers ( 1981 , 1984 , 1988 , 1989 , 1994 ) , and the New England Patriots ( 2001 , 2003 , 2004 , 2014 , 2016 ) are tied for second with 5 each . The Green Bay Packers ( 1966 , 1967 , 1996 , 2010 ) and the New York Giants ( 1986 , 1990 , 2007 , 2011 ) are tied for third with four each . The Oakland Raiders ( 1976 , 1980 , 1983 ) , the Washington Redskins ( 1982 , 1987 , 1991 ) and the Denver Broncos ( 1997 , 1998 , 2015 ) are tied for fourth with three each .","Although none of these teams have ever won three straight Super Bowls , two of them have won three Lombardi trophies in four years and one twice in three years : The Dallas Cowboys ( 1992 , 1993 , 1995 ) and the New England Patriots ( 2001 , 2003 , 2004 ) and ( 2014 , 2016 ) . The Pittsburgh Steelers won four Super Bowls in six years ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , 1979 ) .","Beginning with Super Bowl XL , a special Lombardi Trophy ceremony takes place . A former NFL player , usually a past Super Bowl MVP or notable figure of the host city 's franchise , brings the Lombardi Trophy to the center of the stadium , as he walks past members of the winning team .","The players , along with the Super Bowls in which they participated in the Lombardi Trophy presentation ceremony , are listed below .","Super Bowl XL Presentation -- Bart Starr ( MVP , Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II ) Super Bowl XLI Presentation -- Don Shula ( former Miami Dolphins head coach ) Super Bowl XLII Presentation -- Doug Williams ( MVP , Super Bowl XXII ) Super Bowl XLIII Presentation -- Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III ) Super Bowl XLIV Presentation -- Len Dawson ( MVP , Super Bowl IV ) Super Bowl XLV Presentation -- Roger Staubach ( former Dallas Cowboys quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl VI ) Super Bowl XLVI Presentation -- Raymond Berry ( former Baltimore Colts split end ) Super Bowl XLVII Presentation -- Richard Dent ( MVP , Super Bowl XX ) Super Bowl XLVIII Presentation -- Marcus Allen ( MVP , Super Bowl XVIII ) Super Bowl XLIX Presentation -- Kurt Warner ( former Arizona Cardinals quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl XXXIV ) Super Bowl 50 Presentation -- Terrell Davis ( MVP , Super Bowl XXXII ) , who handed it to Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III ) , who handed it to Lynn Swann ( MVP , Super Bowl X ) Super Bowl LI Presentation -- Willie McGinest , who handed it to Michael Strahan","Super Bowl XL Presentation -- Bart Starr ( MVP , Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II )","Super Bowl XLI Presentation -- Don Shula ( former Miami Dolphins head coach )","Super Bowl XLII Presentation -- Doug Williams ( MVP , Super Bowl XXII )","Super Bowl XLIII Presentation -- Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III )","Super Bowl XLIV Presentation -- Len Dawson ( MVP , Super Bowl IV )","Super Bowl XLV Presentation -- Roger Staubach ( former Dallas Cowboys quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl VI )","Super Bowl XLVI Presentation -- Raymond Berry ( former Baltimore Colts split end )","Super Bowl XLVII Presentation -- Richard Dent ( MVP , Super Bowl XX )","Super Bowl XLVIII Presentation -- Marcus Allen ( MVP , Super Bowl XVIII )","Super Bowl XLIX Presentation -- Kurt Warner ( former Arizona Cardinals quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl XXXIV )","Super Bowl 50 Presentation -- Terrell Davis ( MVP , Super Bowl XXXII ) , who handed it to Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III ) , who handed it to Lynn Swann ( MVP , Super Bowl X )","Super Bowl LI Presentation -- Willie McGinest , who handed it to Michael Strahan"],"string":"[\n \"Vince Lombardi Trophy A Vince Lombardi Trophy on display , 2009 Award details Sport American football Given for Winning the Super Bowl , the championship game of the National Football League History First award January 15 , 1967 ; 50 years ago ( 1967 - 01 - 15 ) First winner Green Bay Packers Most wins Pittsburgh Steelers Most recent New England Patriots Website SuperBowl.com\",\n \"Vince Lombardi Trophy\",\n \"A Vince Lombardi Trophy on display , 2009\",\n \"Award details\",\n \"Sport American football\",\n \"Given for Winning the Super Bowl , the championship game of the National Football League\",\n \"History\",\n \"First award January 15 , 1967 ; 50 years ago ( 1967 - 01 - 15 )\",\n \"First winner Green Bay Packers\",\n \"Most wins Pittsburgh Steelers\",\n \"Most recent New England Patriots\",\n \"Website SuperBowl.com\",\n \"The Vince Lombardi Trophy is the trophy awarded each year to the winning team of the National Football League 's championship game , the Super Bowl . The trophy is named in honor of NFL coach Vince Lombardi .\",\n \"During lunch with NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle in 1966 , Tiffany & Co. vice president Oscar Riedner made a sketch on a cocktail napkin of what would become the Vince Lombardi Trophy . The original trophy was produced by Tiffany & Co. in Newark , New Jersey . Others have since been handcrafted by the company in Parsippany , New Jersey . As of 2017 , the trophy is produced at the Tiffany & Co Forrest Hills manufacturing facility in Cumberland , Rhode Island . The trophy was first awarded to the Green Bay Packers in January 15 , 1967 , following the 1966 regular season ( when the Super Bowl 's official designation was the AFL - NFL World Championship Game ) after they defeated the Kansas City Chiefs , 35 - 10 .\",\n \"Even though it is a national tournament , the award was initially inscribed with the words `` World Professional Football Championship '' . It was officially renamed in 1970 in memory of NFL head coach Vince Lombardi , after his death from cancer . It was thus presented for the first time as the Vince Lombardi Trophy in Super Bowl V when the Baltimore Colts defeated the Dallas Cowboys 16 - 13 . It has also been referred to as the `` Tiffany Trophy '' after the Tiffany & Co .\",\n \"Since Super Bowl XXX , the award has been presented to the winning team 's owner on the field following the game . Previously , it was presented inside the winning team 's locker room . In the case of the community - owned Packers ' two titles since Super Bowl XXX , the team 's President & CEO has accepted the trophy .\",\n \"Unlike trophies such as the Stanley Cup and the Grey Cup , a new Vince Lombardi Trophy is made every year and the winning team maintains permanent possession of that trophy , with one notable exception being Super Bowl V 's , won by the then - Baltimore Colts . The city of Baltimore retained that trophy as part of the legal settlement between the team and the city after the Colts ' infamous `` Midnight Mayflower '' move to Indianapolis on March 29 , 1984 . Since then , both the relocated Colts and their replacement in Baltimore , the Ravens , have won the Super Bowl and earned trophies in their own right .\",\n \"Since Super Bowl XLV , the Vince Lombardi Trophy is also prominently featured in the standardized logo design now used for all future Super Bowl games .\",\n \"The Vince Lombardi Trophy stands 22 inches ( 56 cm ) tall , weighs 7 pounds ( 3.2 kg ) and depicts a football in a kicking position on a three concave sided stand , and is entirely made of sterling silver .\",\n \"The words `` Vince Lombardi Trophy '' along with the Roman numerals of that year 's Super Bowl are engraved on and the NFL shield is affixed onto the base . After the trophy is awarded , it is sent back to Tiffany 's to be engraved with the names of the participating teams , the date , location , and the game 's final score . It is then sent back to the winning team for them to keep . Smaller replicas are made for each person on the winning team .\",\n \"For the first four championship games , both the NFL and the AFL logos were in the center of the trophy . Starting from Super Bowl V , only the NFL shield was on the front . Beginning with Super Bowl XXXVIII , the shield took on a frosted appearance . Starting with Super Bowl XLIII , the slightly redesigned NFL shield began appearing on the trophy , still with a frosted appearance . Other than the logo , the trophy has had no significant changes made since the first Super Bowl . While no franchise possesses all four versions , the Green Bay Packers , New England Patriots , New York Giants , and Pittsburgh Steelers have three of the four designs .\",\n \"The Super Bowl is currently played in early February ( the game originally took place in early to mid-January ) , culminating a season that generally begins in September of the previous calendar year . For example , Super Bowl 50 , which was played on February 7 , 2016 , determined the league champion for the 2015 NFL season . The years shown below refer to the season , not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played .\",\n \"The Pittsburgh Steelers ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , 1979 , 2005 , 2008 ) are first with six Vince Lombardi Trophies . The Dallas Cowboys ( 1971 , 1977 , 1992 , 1993 , 1995 ) , the San Francisco 49ers ( 1981 , 1984 , 1988 , 1989 , 1994 ) , and the New England Patriots ( 2001 , 2003 , 2004 , 2014 , 2016 ) are tied for second with 5 each . The Green Bay Packers ( 1966 , 1967 , 1996 , 2010 ) and the New York Giants ( 1986 , 1990 , 2007 , 2011 ) are tied for third with four each . The Oakland Raiders ( 1976 , 1980 , 1983 ) , the Washington Redskins ( 1982 , 1987 , 1991 ) and the Denver Broncos ( 1997 , 1998 , 2015 ) are tied for fourth with three each .\",\n \"Although none of these teams have ever won three straight Super Bowls , two of them have won three Lombardi trophies in four years and one twice in three years : The Dallas Cowboys ( 1992 , 1993 , 1995 ) and the New England Patriots ( 2001 , 2003 , 2004 ) and ( 2014 , 2016 ) . The Pittsburgh Steelers won four Super Bowls in six years ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , 1979 ) .\",\n \"Beginning with Super Bowl XL , a special Lombardi Trophy ceremony takes place . A former NFL player , usually a past Super Bowl MVP or notable figure of the host city 's franchise , brings the Lombardi Trophy to the center of the stadium , as he walks past members of the winning team .\",\n \"The players , along with the Super Bowls in which they participated in the Lombardi Trophy presentation ceremony , are listed below .\",\n \"Super Bowl XL Presentation -- Bart Starr ( MVP , Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II ) Super Bowl XLI Presentation -- Don Shula ( former Miami Dolphins head coach ) Super Bowl XLII Presentation -- Doug Williams ( MVP , Super Bowl XXII ) Super Bowl XLIII Presentation -- Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III ) Super Bowl XLIV Presentation -- Len Dawson ( MVP , Super Bowl IV ) Super Bowl XLV Presentation -- Roger Staubach ( former Dallas Cowboys quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl VI ) Super Bowl XLVI Presentation -- Raymond Berry ( former Baltimore Colts split end ) Super Bowl XLVII Presentation -- Richard Dent ( MVP , Super Bowl XX ) Super Bowl XLVIII Presentation -- Marcus Allen ( MVP , Super Bowl XVIII ) Super Bowl XLIX Presentation -- Kurt Warner ( former Arizona Cardinals quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl XXXIV ) Super Bowl 50 Presentation -- Terrell Davis ( MVP , Super Bowl XXXII ) , who handed it to Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III ) , who handed it to Lynn Swann ( MVP , Super Bowl X ) Super Bowl LI Presentation -- Willie McGinest , who handed it to Michael Strahan\",\n \"Super Bowl XL Presentation -- Bart Starr ( MVP , Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLI Presentation -- Don Shula ( former Miami Dolphins head coach )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLII Presentation -- Doug Williams ( MVP , Super Bowl XXII )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLIII Presentation -- Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLIV Presentation -- Len Dawson ( MVP , Super Bowl IV )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLV Presentation -- Roger Staubach ( former Dallas Cowboys quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl VI )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLVI Presentation -- Raymond Berry ( former Baltimore Colts split end )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLVII Presentation -- Richard Dent ( MVP , Super Bowl XX )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLVIII Presentation -- Marcus Allen ( MVP , Super Bowl XVIII )\",\n \"Super Bowl XLIX Presentation -- Kurt Warner ( former Arizona Cardinals quarterback and MVP , Super Bowl XXXIV )\",\n \"Super Bowl 50 Presentation -- Terrell Davis ( MVP , Super Bowl XXXII ) , who handed it to Joe Namath ( MVP , Super Bowl III ) , who handed it to Lynn Swann ( MVP , Super Bowl X )\",\n \"Super Bowl LI Presentation -- Willie McGinest , who handed it to Michael Strahan\"\n]","isConversational":false},"document":{"kind":"string","value":"Vince Lombardi Trophy - wikipedia Vince Lombardi Trophy Jump to: navigation , search `` Lombardi Trophy'' redirects here. For the annual award to the best college football lineman or linebacker, see Lombardi Award . Not to be confused with Lombardia Trophy . Vince Lombardi Trophy A Vince Lombardi Trophy on display, 2009 Award details Sport American football Given for Winning the Super Bowl , the championship game of the National Football League History First award January 15, 1967 ; 50 years ago ( 1967-01-15 ) First winner Green Bay Packers Most wins Pittsburgh Steelers Most recent New England Patriots Website SuperBowl.com The Vince Lombardi Trophy is the trophy awarded each year to the winning team of the National Football League 's championship game, the Super Bowl . The trophy is named in honor of NFL coach Vince Lombardi . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Appearance 3 Teams with the most Vince Lombardi Trophies 4 Presentation ceremony 5 See also 6 References History ( edit ) During lunch with NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle in 1966, Tiffany & Co. vice president Oscar Riedner made a sketch on a cocktail napkin of what would become the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The original trophy was produced by Tiffany & Co. in Newark, New Jersey . Others have since been handcrafted by the company in Parsippany, New Jersey . As of 2017, the trophy is produced at the Tiffany & Co Forrest Hills manufacturing facility in Cumberland, Rhode Island . The trophy was first awarded to the Green Bay Packers in January 15, 1967, following the 1966 regular season (when the Super Bowl's official designation was the AFL-NFL World Championship Game ) after they defeated the Kansas City Chiefs , 35-10. Even though it is a national tournament, the award was initially inscribed with the words `` World Professional Football Championship'' . It was officially renamed in 1970 in memory of NFL head coach Vince Lombardi , after his death from cancer. It was thus presented for the first time as the Vince Lombardi Trophy in Super Bowl V when the Baltimore Colts defeated the Dallas Cowboys 16-13. It has also been referred to as the `` Tiffany Trophy'' after the Tiffany & Co. Since Super Bowl XXX , the award has been presented to the winning team's owner on the field following the game. Previously, it was presented inside the winning team's locker room. In the case of the community-owned Packers' two titles since Super Bowl XXX, the team's President & CEO has accepted the trophy. Unlike trophies such as the Stanley Cup and the Grey Cup , a new Vince Lombardi Trophy is made every year and the winning team maintains permanent possession of that trophy, with one notable exception being Super Bowl V 's , won by the then- Baltimore Colts . The city of Baltimore retained that trophy as part of the legal settlement between the team and the city after the Colts' infamous `` Midnight Mayflower '' move to Indianapolis on March 29, 1984. Since then, both the relocated Colts and their replacement in Baltimore, the Ravens , have won the Super Bowl and earned trophies in their own right. Since Super Bowl XLV , the Vince Lombardi Trophy is also prominently featured in the standardized logo design now used for all future Super Bowl games. Appearance ( edit ) The Vince Lombardi Trophy stands 22 inches (56 cm) tall, weighs 7 pounds (3.2 kg) and depicts a football in a kicking position on a three concave sided stand, and is entirely made of sterling silver . Russell Wilson with Lombardi Trophy The words `` Vince Lombardi Trophy'' along with the Roman numerals of that year's Super Bowl are engraved on and the NFL shield is affixed onto the base. After the trophy is awarded, it is sent back to Tiffany's to be engraved with the names of the participating teams, the date, location, and the game's final score. It is then sent back to the winning team for them to keep. Smaller replicas are made for each person on the winning team. For the first four championship games, both the NFL and the AFL logos were in the center of the trophy. Starting from Super Bowl V , only the NFL shield was on the front. Beginning with Super Bowl XXXVIII , the shield took on a frosted appearance. Starting with Super Bowl XLIII , the slightly redesigned NFL shield began appearing on the trophy, still with a frosted appearance. Other than the logo, the trophy has had no significant changes made since the first Super Bowl. While no franchise possesses all four versions, the Green Bay Packers, New England Patriots, New York Giants, and Pittsburgh Steelers have three of the four designs. Teams with the most Vince Lombardi trophies ( edit ) Main article: List of Super Bowl champions The Super Bowl is currently played in early February (the game originally took place in early to mid-January), culminating a season that generally begins in September of the previous calendar year. For example, Super Bowl 50 , which was played on February 7, 2016, determined the league champion for the 2015 NFL season . The years shown below refer to the season, not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played. The Pittsburgh Steelers ( 1974 , 1975 , 1978 , 1979 , 2005 , 2008 ) are first with six Vince Lombardi Trophies. The Dallas Cowboys ( 1971 , 1977 , 1992 , 1993 , 1995 ), the San Francisco 49ers ( 1981 , 1984 , 1988 , 1989 , 1994 ), and the New England Patriots ( 2001 , 2003 , 2004 , 2014 , 2016 ) are tied for second with 5 each. The Green Bay Packers ( 1966 , 1967 , 1996 , 2010 ) and the New York Giants ( 1986 , 1990 , 2007 , 2011 ) are tied for third with four each. The Oakland Raiders ( 1976 , 1980 , 1983 ), the Washington Redskins ( 1982 , 1987 , 1991 ) and the Denver Broncos ( 1997 , 1998 , 2015 ) are tied for fourth with three each. Although none of these teams have ever won three straight Super Bowls, two of them have won three Lombardi trophies in four years and one twice in three years: The Dallas Cowboys (1992, 1993, 1995) and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004) and (2014, 2016). The Pittsburgh Steelers won four Super Bowls in six years (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979). Presentation ceremony ( edit ) Beginning with Super Bowl XL , a special Lombardi Trophy ceremony takes place. A former NFL player, usually a past Super Bowl MVP or notable figure of the host city's franchise, brings the Lombardi Trophy to the center of the stadium, as he walks past members of the winning team. The players, along with the Super Bowls in which they participated in the Lombardi Trophy presentation ceremony, are listed below. Super Bowl XL Presentation -- Bart Starr (MVP, Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II ) Super Bowl XLI Presentation -- Don Shula (former Miami Dolphins head coach) Super Bowl XLII Presentation -- Doug Williams (MVP, Super Bowl XXII ) Super Bowl XLIII Presentation -- Joe Namath (MVP, Super Bowl III ) Super Bowl XLIV Presentation -- Len Dawson (MVP, Super Bowl IV ) Super Bowl XLV Presentation -- Roger Staubach (former Dallas Cowboys quarterback and MVP, Super Bowl VI ) Super Bowl XLVI Presentation -- Raymond Berry (former Baltimore Colts split end) Super Bowl XLVII Presentation -- Richard Dent (MVP, Super Bowl XX ) Super Bowl XLVIII Presentation -- Marcus Allen (MVP, Super Bowl XVIII ) Super Bowl XLIX Presentation -- Kurt Warner (former Arizona Cardinals quarterback and MVP, Super Bowl XXXIV ) Super Bowl 50 Presentation -- Terrell Davis (MVP, Super Bowl XXXII ), who handed it to Joe Namath (MVP, Super Bowl III ), who handed it to Lynn Swann (MVP, Super Bowl X ) Super Bowl LI Presentation -- Willie McGinest , who handed it to Michael Strahan See also ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vince Lombardi Trophy . Ed Thorp Memorial Trophy -- NFL Championship trophy ( 1934 -- 1969 ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ (1) Let's Learn About the Vince Lombardi Trophy, Pittsburgh Post Gazette Jump up ^ NIx, Naomi (January 7, 2014). `` Original Vince Lombardi trophy comes home to Newark'' . The Star-Ledger . Retrieved 2014-01-07 . Jump up ^ Horovitz, Bruce (January 30, 2002). `` Football's super prize reaches icon status'' . USA Today . Retrieved February 19, 2012 . Jump up ^ Tanier, Mike (January 31, 2010). `` Excess Reigns at Super Bowl and That's No Ballyhoo'' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl Trophy'' . IX Games . Jump up ^ Weiner, Evan (February 3, 2011). `` Super Bowl XLV: Vince Lombardi wanted no part of the Super Bowl'' . United States Sports Academy . Retrieved February 19, 2012 . The Jets apparently didn't think too highly of the Tiffany Trophy the organization received for winning (Super Bowl III) Jump up ^ Christl, Cliff (February 7, 2011). `` Packers GM Thompson made all right moves'' . Rockford Register Star . Retrieved February 19, 2012 . (Packers General Manager Ted) Thompson actually clapped his hands in celebration a few times, spoke a few words and helped hoist the Tiffany trophy with (President Mark) Murphy and coach Mike McCarthy Jump up ^ `` 2011 logo is first of NFL's standard look'' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2 February 2013 . Jump up ^ Official Site of the National Football League . NFL.com (2007-09-18). Retrieved on 2013-07-29. Jump up ^ George, Shannon (September 10, 2009). `` Let's Learn About: The Vince Lombardi Trophy'' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Super Bowl NFL NFC Championship AFC Championship Football Bowl games 1960s I (1967) II (1968) III (1969) 1970s IV (1970) V (1971) VI (1972) VII (1973) VIII (1974) IX (1975) X (1976) XI (1977) XII (1978) XIII (1979) 1980s XIV (1980) XV (1981) XVI (1982) XVII (1983) XVIII (1984) XIX (1985) XX (1986) XXI (1987) XXII (1988) XXIII (1989) 1990s XXIV (1990) XXV (1991) XXVI (1992) XXVII (1993) XXVIII (1994) XXIX (1995) XXX (1996) XXXI (1997) XXXII (1998) XXXIII (1999) 2000s XXXIV (2000) XXXV (2001) XXXVI (2002) XXXVII (2003) XXXVIII (2004) XXXIX (2005) XL (2006) XLI (2007) XLII (2008) XLIII (2009) 2010s XLIV (2010) XLV (2011) XLVI (2012) XLVII (2013) XLVIII (2014) XLIX (2015) 50 (2016) LI (2017) LII (2018) LIII (2019) 2020s LIV (2020) LV (2021) LVI (2022) People Champions Pre-Super Bowl NFL champions Head coaches Active head coach history Quarterbacks Officials Awards, trophies, records Super Bowl ring Vince Lombardi Trophy Most Valuable Players Records Broadcast and production National anthem Halftime Commercials USA Today Ad Meter Adbowl List Broadcast Network broadcasters Counterprogramming Lead-out programming Television ratings Super Bowl Sunday Curse National Football League awards and trophies Team Vince Lombardi Trophy Lamar Hunt Trophy (AFC) George Halas Trophy (NFC) Individual Most Valuable Player Coach of the Year Offensive Player of the Year Defensive Player of the Year Rookie of the Year Comeback Player of the Year Walter Payton Man of the Year `` Whizzer'' White Man of the Year Bert Bell Award Art Rooney Award Super Bowl MVP One-time only 75th Anniversary All-Time Team (1994) All-Decade Teams Annual presentation NFL Honors NFL Top 100 Awards organizations Kansas City Committee of 101 Maxwell Football Club National Football League Alumni Touchdown Club of Columbus Washington D.C. Touchdown Club Defunct Ed Thorp Memorial Trophy Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup NEA Defensive Player of the Year PFWA Defensive Player of the Year NEA Rookie of the Year UPI AFL-AFC Player of the Year UPI NFC Player of the Year UPI AFL-AFC Rookie of the Year UPI NFL-NFC Rookie of the Year Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vince_Lombardi_Trophy&oldid=801285520 '' Categories : Super Bowl trophies and awards Awards established in 1967 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara Français 한국어 עברית ქართული Magyar 日本 語 Norsk Português Suomi Edit links This page was last edited on 18 September 2017, at 19:58. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. 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"This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably . The readable prose size is 95 kilobytes . Please consider splitting content into sub-articles , condensing it , or adding or removing subheadings . ( October 2017 )",
"This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably . The readable pros... | New Deal - wikipedia New Deal Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the United States economic program. For other uses, see New Deal (disambiguation) . This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably . The readable prose size is 95 kilobytes. Please consider splitting content into sub-article... | -6692686256088436376 |
major blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart | The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system , and microcirculation , that transports blood throughout the human body . There are three major types of blood vessels : the arteries , which carry the blood away from the heart ; the capillaries , which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between ... | [
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when did st louis win the super bowl | Super Bowl XXXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion Tennessee Titans to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 1999 season . The Rams defeated the Titans by the score of 23 -- ... | [
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"Super Bowl XXXIV St. Louis Rams ( NFC ) Tennessee Titans ( AFC ) 23 16 Total STL 6 7 7 23 TEN 0 0 6 10 16 Date January 30 , 2000 ( 2000 - 01 - 30 ) Stadium Georgia Dome , Atlanta , Georgia MVP Kurt Warner , Quarterback Favorite Rams by 7 Referee Bob McElwee Attendance 72,625 Future Hall of Famers Rams : Marshall F... | Super Bowl XXXIV - wikipedia Super Bowl XXXIV Jump to: navigation , search Super Bowl XXXIV St. Louis Rams ( NFC ) Tennessee Titans ( AFC ) 23 16 Total STL 6 7 7 23 TEN 0 0 6 10 16 Date January 30, 2000 ( 2000-01-30 ) Stadium Georgia Dome , Atlanta, Georgia MVP Kurt Warner , Quarterback Favorite Rams by 7 Referee Bob M... | 4299256553230148635 |
where did the term wise guy come from | Wise Guys ( album ) , a 1998 album by Ghetto Commission | [
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"Made man , an official member of the mafia Tropical Gangsters , a 1982 album by Kid Creole and the Coconuts , released in the US as Wise Guy ... | Wise guy - wikipedia Wise guy Jump to: navigation , search Look up wise guy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wise guy , Wise Guy , and Wiseguy can refer to: Made man , an official member of the mafia Tropical Gangsters , a 1982 album by Kid Creole and the Coconuts, released in the US as Wise Guy Wiseguy , a US telev... | -1409386728761807244 |
seats reserved for sc and st in loksabha | Women get one - third reservation in Gram Panchayats ( meaning Village Assembly , which is a form of local village government ) and Municipal elections . There is a long - term plan to extend this reservation to Parliament and State Legislative assemblies . The Women 's Reservation Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on... | [
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"This article 's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article . Please discuss this issue on the article 's talk page . ( October 2010 )",
"This article 's lead section does not ... | Reserved political positions in India - wikipedia Reserved political positions in India Jump to: navigation , search This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please... | 4740236522447113445 |
where did the council of nicea take place | The council was formally opened 20 May , in the central structure of the imperial palace at Nicaea , with preliminary discussions of the Arian question . Emperor Constantine arrived nearly a month later on 14 June . In these discussions , some dominant figures were Arius , with several adherents . `` Some 22 of the bis... | [
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"First Council of Nicaea 16th - century fresco depicting the Council of Nicaea Date Thursday , 20 May to Saturday , 19 June AD 325 Accepted by Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodoxy Assyrian Church of the East Next council First Council of Constantinople Convoked by Emperor Constantine I Preside... | First Council of Nicaea - wikipedia First Council of Nicaea Jump to: navigation , search First Council of Nicaea 16th-century fresco depicting the Council of Nicaea Date Thursday, 20 May to Saturday, 19 June AD 325 Accepted by Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodoxy Assyrian Church of the East Next c... | 8337245268254266557 |
where was the empire hall and what was it originally built as in 1904 | One of the few fully functional music hall entertainments is at the Brick Lane Music Hall in a former church in North Woolwich . The Players ' Theatre Club is another group performing a Victorian - style music hall show at a variety of venues , and The Music Hall Guild of Great Britain and America stage music hall - st... | [
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"Music hall The Eagle Tavern in 1830 . Cultural origins 18th century , United Kingdom Other topics Pantomime",
"Music hall",
"The Eagle Tavern in 1830 .",
"Cultural origins 18th century , United Kingdom",
"Other topics",
"Pantomime",
"Music hall is a type of British theatrical entertainment that was pop... | Music hall - wikipedia Music hall This article is about the British form of theatre and the venues associated with it. For other uses of the term, see Music Hall (disambiguation) . Music hall The Eagle Tavern in 1830. Cultural origins 18th century, United Kingdom Other topics Pantomime The Oxford Music Hall, c. 1875 Mu... | -5834913292651938723 |
who won american idol the year jennifer hudson | The third season of American Idol premiered on Monday , January 19 , 2004 and continued until May 26 , 2004 . The third season was won by Fantasia Barrino , who defeated Diana DeGarmo by an approximate margin of 2 % ( 1.3 million votes ) ; the vote total ( 65 million votes ) was the highest recorded vote total in the s... | [
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"American Idol Season 3 Broadcast from January 19 ( 2004 - 01 - 19 ) -- May 26 , 2004 ( 2004 - 05 - 26 ) Judges Paula Abdul Simon Cowell Randy Jackson Host ( s ) Ryan Seacrest Broadcaster Fox Broadcasting Company Finals venue Kodak Theatre Winner Fantasia Barrino Origin High Point , North Carolina , United States S... | American Idol (season 3) - wikipedia American Idol (season 3) American Idol Season 3 Broadcast from January 19 ( 2004-01-19 ) -- May 26, 2004 ( 2004-05-26 ) Judges Paula Abdul Simon Cowell Randy Jackson Host(s) Ryan Seacrest Broadcaster Fox Broadcasting Company Finals venue Kodak Theatre Winner Fantasia Barrino Origin ... | 7849208971795367162 |
what a long strange trip it's been grateful dead | Platinum | [
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"What a Long Strange Trip It 's Been Greatest hits album by Grateful Dead Released August 18 , 1977 ( 1977 - 08 - 18 ) Recorded 1967 -- 1972 Genre Psychedelic rock , country , folk , jam Length 85 : 38 Label Warner Bros . Producer Grateful Dead and Paul L. Wexler Grateful Dead chronology Terrapin Station ( 1977 ) T... | What a Long Strange Trip It's Been - wikipedia What a Long Strange Trip It's Been What a Long Strange Trip It's Been Greatest hits album by Grateful Dead Released August 18, 1977 ( 1977-08-18 ) Recorded 1967-- 1972 Genre Psychedelic rock , country , folk , jam Length 85 : 38 Label Warner Bros. Producer Grateful Dead an... | 5064098799858870815 |
who plays timmy dad in a fairly odd movie | Twenty days after the movie premiere on Nickelodeon , The Fairly OddParents creator and movie writer Butch Hartman tweeted that he was working on ideas for a sequel to Grow Up , Timmy Turner ! . On March 14 , 2012 , during Nickelodeon 's 2012 - 2013 Upfront , a sequel to 2011 ′ s first live - action TV movie was announ... | [
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verifica... | A Fairly Odd movie: Grow up, Timmy Turner! - Wikipedia A Fairly Odd movie: Grow up, Timmy Turner! Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December... | 5109174164708714338 |
what is the difference between duoderm and exuderm | There is tentative but unclear evidence for hydrocolloid dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns . | [
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"It has been suggested that this article be merged with Hydrogel dressing . ( Discuss ) Proposed since October 2017 .",
"It has been suggested that this article be merged with Hydrogel dressing . ( Discuss ) Proposed since October 2017 .",
"A hydrocolloid dressing is an opaque or transparent dressing for wounds... | Hydrocolloid dressing - wikipedia Hydrocolloid dressing Jump to: navigation , search It has been suggested that this article be merged with Hydrogel dressing . ( Discuss ) Proposed since October 2017. A hydrocolloid dressing is an opaque or transparent dressing for wounds. A hydrocolloid dressing is biodegradeable , no... | -4295457185841664423 |
which technique was mostly used by the artists of bengal school | However , Bengal continues to produce some of the best artists of modern India . There is a department in the Government College Of Art & Craft that has been training students the traditional style of tempera and wash painting for almost a century now . These students are carrying the legacy of the Bengal School artist... | [
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2007 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verification... | Bengal School of art - wikipedia Bengal School of art This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Bharat Mata by ... | 3205306549352110410 |
which river is not flowing into bay of bengal | 1971 December 3 -- It was claimed that the Indian Navy destroyer , INS Rajput , sunk the Pakistan Navy submarine PNS Ghazi off Visakhapatnam , in the Bay of Bengal . | [
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"Bay of Bengal Map of Bay of Bengal Location South Asia Coordinates 15 ° N 88 ° E / 15 ° N 88 ° E / 15 ; 88 Coordinates : 15 ° N 88 ° E / 15 ° N 88 ° E / 15 ; 88 Type Bay Primary inflows Indian Ocean Basin countries India Bangladesh Indonesia Myanmar Sri Lanka Max. length 2,090 km ( 1,300 mi ) Max . wid... | Bay of Bengal - wikipedia Bay of Bengal Jump to: navigation , search Bay of Bengal Map of Bay of Bengal Location South Asia Coordinates 15° N 88° E / 15° N 88° E / 15; 88 Coordinates : 15° N 88° E / 15° N 88° E / 15; 88 Type Bay Primary inflows Indian Ocean Basin countries India Bangladesh Indonesia Myanmar... | -5608596294340633954 |
who won the mayoral race in st petersburg | Incumbent Rick Kriseman won the re-election . | [
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"St. Petersburg mayoral election , 2017 ← 2013 November 7 , 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51 % 49 % Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan",
"← 2013 November 7 , 2017 2021 →",
"← 2... | St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election, 2017 - wikipedia St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election, 2017 Jump to: navigation , search St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor b... | 2143244057851264292 |
unix portmapper remote infomation retrieving attempt(32796) | The port mapper service was discovered to be used in Distributed Denial of Service ( DDoS ) attacks and Distributed Reflective Denial of Service ( DRDoS ) attacks in 2015 . By using a spoofed port mapper request , an attacker can amplify the effects on a target because a portmap query will return many times more data t... | [
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"The port mapper ( rpc. portmap or just portmap , or rpcbind ) is an Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call ( ONC RPC ) service that runs on network nodes that provide other ONC RPC services .",
"Version 2 of the port mapper protocol maps ONC RPC program number / version number pairs to the network port num... | Portmap - wikipedia Portmap The port mapper ( rpc.portmap or just portmap , or rpcbind ) is an Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC) service that runs on network nodes that provide other ONC RPC services. Version 2 of the port mapper protocol maps ONC RPC program number/version number pairs to the netw... | -873208820452228241 |
who is the best coach for indian cricket team | 15 Ravi Shastri ( 2017 -- Present ) 2017 Present India Bharat Arun Sanjay Bangar | [
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verificat... | List of India national cricket coaches - Wikipedia List of India national cricket coaches Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013) ( ... | -6677895944560023989 |
when would the priest enter the holy of holies | The Holy of Holies was covered by a veil , and no one was allowed to enter except the High Priest , and even he could only enter once a year on Yom Kippur ( the day of atonement ) , to offer the blood of sacrifice and incense before the mercy seat . The Bible reports that in the wilderness , on the day that the taberna... | [
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"hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article uncritically uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyze them . Please... | Holy of Holies - wikipedia Holy of Holies hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article uncritically uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources t... | -226497402771245421 |
who said with great power comes great responsibility quote | The origins of the phrase pre-date its use in Spider - Man . In 1906 , Under - Secretary of the Colonial Office Winston Churchill said , `` Where there is great power there is great responsibility '' In 1817 , member of British parliament William Lamb is recorded saying , `` the possession of great power necessarily im... | [
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"Uncle Ben Publication information Publisher Marvel Comics First appearance Amazing Fantasy # 15 ( August 1962 ) Created by Stan Lee ( writer ) Steve Ditko ( artist ) In - story information Full name Benjamin Parker Supporting character of Spider - Man",
"Uncle Ben",
"Publication information",
"Publisher Marv... | Uncle Ben - wikipedia Uncle Ben Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the Spider-Man comic book character. For the food brand, see Uncle Ben's . Uncle Ben Publication information Publisher Marvel Comics First appearance Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962) Created by Stan Lee (writer) Steve Ditko (artist) In-... | 8167527802769703165 |
the first law of thermodynamics is a re – statement of the law of | Clausius is the author of the sibyllic utterance , `` The energy of the universe is constant ; the entropy of the universe tends to a maximum . '' The objectives of continuum thermomechanics stop far short of explaining the `` universe '' , but within that theory we may easily derive an explicit statement in some ways ... | [
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"Thermodynamics The classical Carnot heat engine Branches ( show ) Classical Statistical Chemical Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws ( hide ) Zeroth First Second Third Systems ( show ) State Equation of state Ideal gas Real gas State of matter Equilibrium Control volume Instruments Processes Isobaric Isochoric Isot... | Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia Second law of thermodynamics Jump to: navigation , search Thermodynamics The classical Carnot heat engine Branches (show) Classical Statistical Chemical Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws (hide) Zeroth First Second Third Systems (show) State Equation of state Ideal gas Real gas ... | -6250102307410821975 |
where are the sweat glands located in dogs | Skunks and dogs often have aggressive encounters and a dog may be sprayed by a skunk . This results in an over-powering musky acrid odor that remains apparent in the ' skunked ' dog 's coat for many days or even weeks until steps are taken to neutralize the odor . | [
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verifica... | Dog odor - wikipedia Dog odor Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Dogs ,... | 1601119409973976969 |
where does the term navy seal come from | The United States Navy 's Sea , Air and Land Teams , commonly abbreviated as the Navy SEALs , are the U.S. Navy 's primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command . Among the SEALs ' main functions are conducting small - unit maritime military operations that originate from , and r... | [
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"United States Navy SEALs Special Warfare insignia known as the `` SEAL Trident '' Active 1 January 1962 -- present ( 56 years , 7 months ) Country United States of America Branch United States Navy Type Special operations force Role Special operations HVT Raids Direct action Counter-terrorism Special reconnaissanc... | United States Navy SEALs - Wikipedia United States Navy SEALs `` SEAL'' and `` Navy SEALs'' redirect here. For other uses, see SEAL (disambiguation) and Navy SEALs (disambiguation) . US Navy special operations force United States Navy SEALs Special Warfare insignia known as the `` SEAL Trident'' Active 1 January 1962 -... | -4095777946244694352 |
the mountain which is known as horst is | In physical geography and geology , a horst is the raised fault block bounded by normal faults or graben . A horst is a raised block of the Earth 's crust that has lifted , or has remained stationary , while the land on either side has subsided . Horst is Dutch and German for heap . | [
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"a raised block of the Earth's crust that has lifted, or has remained stationary, while the land on either side has subsided"
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"In physical geography and geology , a horst is the raised fault block bounded by normal faults or graben . A horst is a raised block of the Earth 's crust that has lifted , or has remained stationary , while the land on either side has subsided . Horst is Dutch and German for heap .",
"The Vosges Mountains in Fr... | Horst (geology) - Wikipedia Horst (geology) Jump to: navigation , search USGS image In physical geography and geology , a horst is the raised fault block bounded by normal faults or graben . A horst is a raised block of the Earth's crust that has lifted, or has remained stationary, while the land on either side has sub... | -7073753935552610201 |
when was the house of the vestals built | Today , remains of the statues of the Vestals can be seen in the Atrium Vestae . | [
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verifica... | House of the Vestals - wikipedia House of the Vestals Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this t... | 3896618933658303861 |
who is the killer and then there were none | Naracott returns to the house to find that the killer is Emily Brent , who is really the famous actress Gabrielle Steele . Steele wanted Wargrave killed because he sentenced her true love to death . She would torture him first by killing those around him first , all criminals who had gotten away with their crimes , and... | [
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"Agatha Christie : And Then There Were None Developer ( s ) AWE Productions Publisher ( s ) The Adventure Company Designer ( s ) Lee Sheldon Series Agatha Christie Platform ( s ) Windows , Wii Release Windows EU : September 30 , 2005 NA : October 27 , 2005 Wii EU : February 8 , 2008 NA : February 25 , 2008 AU : Apr... | Agatha Christie: and Then There Were None - wikipedia Agatha Christie: and Then There Were None Jump to: navigation , search Agatha Christie: And Then There Were None Developer(s) AWE Productions Publisher(s) The Adventure Company Designer(s) Lee Sheldon Series Agatha Christie Platform(s) Windows , Wii Release Windows ... | 8270385214607120590 |
when did network rail take over from railtrack | Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track , signalling , tunnels , bridges , level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from 1994 until 2002 . It was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail , listed on the London Stock Exchange , and was a constituent ... | [
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"Railtrack Former type Public Industry Rail transport Fate Railway administration Predecessor British Rail Successor Network Rail Founded Defunct 3 October 2002 Headquarters London , England Key people John Robinson ( Chairman ) Gerald Corbett ( CEO )",
"Former type Public",
"Industry Rail transport",
"Fate R... | Railtrack - wikipedia Railtrack Jump to: navigation , search For the generic term, see Rail tracks . Railtrack Former type Public Industry Rail transport Fate Railway administration Predecessor British Rail Successor Network Rail Founded Defunct 3 October 2002 Headquarters London , England Key people John Robinson (Cha... | -5136563770071839509 |
who plays the big monkey in the jungle book | Christopher Walken as King Louie , a Gigantopithecus who rules the Bandar - log . | [
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"The Jungle Book Theatrical release poster Directed by Jon Favreau Produced by Jon Favreau Brigham Taylor Screenplay by Justin Marks Based on Disney 's The Jungle Book The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling Starring Bill Murray Ben Kingsley Idris Elba Lupita Nyong'o Scarlett Johansson Giancarlo Esposito Christopher Wal... | The Jungle Book (2016 film) - wikipedia The Jungle Book (2016 film) Jump to: navigation , search This article is about Disney's 2016 film. For Warner Bros' upcoming film, see Jungle Book (2018 film) . For other films and related topics, see The Jungle Book (franchise) . The Jungle Book Theatrical release poster Directe... | -8838007329802042620 |
water in any form solid gas or liquid on neptune | After the Voyager 2 flyby mission , the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system , is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission . Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible in the late 2020s or early 2030s . However , there have been discussions to launch Neptune missions sooner . In ... | [
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"Neptune Neptune 's Great Dark Spot and its companion bright smudge ; on the west limb the fast moving bright feature called Scooter and the little dark spot are visible . Discovery Discovered by Johann Galle Urbain Le Verrier Discovery date 23 September 1846 Designations Pronunciation / ˈnɛptuːn / ( listen ) / ˈnɛ... | Neptune - wikipedia Neptune Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the planet. For other uses, see Neptune (disambiguation) . Neptune Neptune's Great Dark Spot and its companion bright smudge; on the west limb the fast moving bright feature called Scooter and the little dark spot are visible. Discovery Disc... | 7525281246751784882 |
who plays toby friend in switched at birth | Played by Lucas Grabeel , Toby Christopher Kennish is the older brother of Bay and the biological brother of Daphne . Toby plays guitar in a band called Guitar Face with his best friend Wilkie and Daphne 's best friend , Emmett , who joins the band in `` Dance Amongst Daggers . '' | [
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"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary . It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real - world context... | List of switched at birth characters - wikipedia List of switched at birth characters Jump to: navigation , search ( hide ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article consists almost entirely o... | -6354136896546798244 |
who was in the movie ps i love you | Hilary Swank -- Holly Reilly - Kennedy Gerard Butler -- Gerry Kennedy Lisa Kudrow -- Denise Hennessey Gina Gershon -- Sharon McCarthy James Marsters -- John McCarthy Harry Connick , Jr . -- Daniel Connelly Jeffrey Dean Morgan -- William Gallagher Nellie McKay -- Ciara Reilly , Holly 's sister Kathy Bates -- Patricia Re... | [
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"P.S. I Love You Theatrical release poster Directed by Richard LaGravenese Produced by Wendy Finerman Broderick Johnson Andrew Kosove Molly Smith Screenplay by Richard LaGravenese Steven Rogers Based on PS , I Love You by Cecelia Ahern Starring Hilary Swank Gerard Butler Lisa Kudrow Gina Gershon Jeffrey Dean Morgan... | P.S. I Love You (film) - wikipedia P.S. I Love You (film) P.S. I Love You Theatrical release poster Directed by Richard LaGravenese Produced by Wendy Finerman Broderick Johnson Andrew Kosove Molly Smith Screenplay by Richard LaGravenese Steven Rogers Based on PS, I Love You by Cecelia Ahern Starring Hilary Swank Gerard... | 6933533043279881481 |
list any four advantages of motorways over national highway | North -- South and East -- West Corridor | [
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"The national highways network of India is a network of trunk roads that is managed and maintained by CPWD , an agency of the Government of India . These highways as of June 2017 measure over 115,435 km ( 71,728 mi ) . Indian government led by PM Modi has vowed to double the highway length from 96,000 to 2 , 00,000... | National highway (India) - Wikipedia National highway (India) Jump to: navigation , search This article is about national highways. For expressways, see Expressways in India . Renumbered National Highways map of India (Schematic) A dual carriageway section of National Highway 48 connecting Delhi to Gurgaon Durgapur Exp... | -2355073626387227391 |
list of secular countries in the middle east | Albania Azerbaijan Bosnia - Herzegovina Burkina Faso Chad Côte d'Ivoire Guinea Guinea - Bissau Indonesia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Mali Niger Northern Cyprus Senegal Sierra Leone Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan West Bank | [
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verificatio... | Islam and secularism - wikipedia Islam and secularism Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this temp... | -2271802428925835730 |
cast of pbs my mother and other strangers | The producer is Grainne Marmion . | [
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"My Mother and Other Strangers is a 2016 British television drama series , written by Barry Devlin , made by BBC Northern Ireland with funding from Northern Ireland Screen . The story is set in 1943 during World War II , in a small village in Northern Ireland .",
"Commissioning of the first series of five 60 - mi... | My Mother and Other Strangers - wikipedia My Mother and Other Strangers Jump to: navigation , search My Mother and Other Strangers is a 2016 British television drama series, written by Barry Devlin , made by BBC Northern Ireland with funding from Northern Ireland Screen . The story is set in 1943 during World War II, i... | -2990037807711293742 |
what is the song luck be a lady about | The lyrics relate the point of view of a gambler , Sky Masterson , who hopes that he will win a bet , the outcome of which will decide whether or not he is able to save his relationship with the girl of his dreams . | [
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verificati... | Luck Be a Lady - wikipedia Luck Be a Lady This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) `` Luck Be a Lady '' is a... | -6607699151377583549 |
water content of soil can be greater than 100 | A water retention curve is the relationship between volumetric water content and the water potential of the porous medium . It is characteristic for different types of porous medium . Due to hysteresis , different wetting and drying curves may be distinguished . | [
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"Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material , such as soil ( called soil moisture ) , rock , ceramics , crops , or wood . Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas , and is expressed as a ratio , which can range from 0 ( completely dry ) to the v... | Water content - wikipedia Water content Jump to: navigation , search Soil composition by Volume and Mass , by phase: air , water , void (pores filled with water or air), soil , and total . Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture ), rock , ce... | -4031501691351548171 |
what is the difference between indonesian and malay | The Malaysian and Indonesian are both standardised registers of Malay language in Malaysia and Indonesia , respectively . Both languages are generally mutually intelligible , yet there are differences in spelling , grammar , pronunciation and vocabulary , as well as the predominant source of loanwords . The differences... | [
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"The Malaysian and Indonesian are both standardised registers of Malay language in Malaysia and Indonesia , respectively . Both languages are generally mutually intelligible , yet there are differences in spelling , grammar , pronunciation and vocabulary , as well as the predominant source of loanwords . The differ... | Comparison of standard Malay and Indonesian - wikipedia Comparison of standard Malay and Indonesian Jump to: navigation , search The Malaysian and Indonesian are both standardised registers of Malay language in Malaysia and Indonesia , respectively. Both languages are generally mutually intelligible , yet there are dif... | -2735987597768684966 |
which region did china's earliest civilizations develop | Although the PRC needs economic growth to spur its development , the government began to worry that rapid economic growth was degrading the country 's resources and environment . Another concern is that certain sectors of society are not sufficiently benefiting from the PRC 's economic development ; one example of this... | [
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"History of China ANCIENT Neolithic c. 8500 -- c. 2070 BC Xia dynasty c. 2070 -- c. 1600 BC Shang dynasty c. 1600 -- c. 1046 BC Zhou dynasty c. 1046 -- 256 BC Western Zhou Eastern Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States IMPERIAL Qin dynasty 221 -- 206 BC Han dynasty 206 BC -- 220 AD Western Han Xin dynasty Eastern Ha... | History of China - wikipedia History of China Jump to: navigation , search `` Empire of China'' redirects here. For the empire founded by Yuan Shikai, see Empire of China (1915-- 16) . Approximate territories occupied by the various dynasties and states throughout the history of China Timeline of Chinese history Histor... | 5323814068164420051 |
how did congress respond to south carolina's voted to nullify the tariff law | On July 14 , 1832 , before Calhoun had resigned the Vice Presidency to run for the Senate where he could more effectively defend nullification , Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832 . This compromise tariff received the support of most northerners and half of the southerners in Congress . The reductions were too ... | [
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"Events leading to the American Civil War Slavery Northwest Ordinance Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Battle of Negro Fort Missouri Compromise Tariff of 1828 Nat Turner 's slave rebellion Nullification Crisis The Amistad Prigg v. Pennsylvania Texas annexation Mexican -- American War Wilmot Proviso Manifest destin... | Nullification crisis - wikipedia Nullification crisis Events leading to the American Civil War Slavery Northwest Ordinance Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Battle of Negro Fort Missouri Compromise Tariff of 1828 Nat Turner's slave rebellion Nullification Crisis The Amistad Prigg v. Pennsylvania Texas annexation Mexica... | -4252442197059231424 |
why didnt georgia send delegates to the first continental congress | July 23 , 1778 -- March 1 , 1781 , Pennsylvania State House , Philadelphia | [
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"Second Continental Congress Thirteen Colonies United States Type Type Unicameral History Established May 10 , 1775 Disbanded March 1 , 1781 Preceded by First Continental Congress Succeeded by 1st Confederation Congress Leadership President of Congress Peyton Randolph ( first ) Samuel Huntington ( last ) Secretary ... | Second Continental Congress - wikipedia Second Continental Congress Jump to: navigation , search Second Continental Congress Thirteen Colonies United States Type Type Unicameral History Established May 10, 1775 Disbanded March 1, 1781 Preceded by First Continental Congress Succeeded by 1st Confederation Congress Leader... | -5141524915403724870 |
how many characters in a code 128 barcode | The optimal encoding can be found using a dynamic programming algorithm . | [
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"Code 128 is a high - density linear barcode symbology defined in ISO / IEC 15417 : 2007 . It is used for alphanumeric or numeric - only barcodes . It can encode all 128 characters of ASCII and , by use of an extension symbol ( FNC4 ) , the Latin - 1 characters defined in ISO / IEC 8859 - 1 .",
"GS1 - 128 ( forme... | Code 128 - wikipedia Code 128 A Swiss postal barcode encoding `` RI 476 394 652 CH'' in Code 128-B Code 128 is a high-density linear barcode symbology defined in ISO/IEC 15417:2007 . It is used for alphanumeric or numeric-only barcodes . It can encode all 128 characters of ASCII and, by use of an extension symbol (FNC4... | 5323078865846852132 |
what was jackie gleason's wife's name on the jackie gleason show | By far the most memorable and popular of Gleason 's characters was blowhard Brooklyn bus driver Ralph Kramden , featured originally in a series of Cavalcade skits known as `` The Honeymooners '' , with Pert Kelton as his wife Alice , and Art Carney as his upstairs neighbor Ed Norton . These were so popular that in 1955... | [
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"hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material... | The Jackie Gleason show - wikipedia The Jackie Gleason show hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by add... | -1905236861630380564 |
which of the following is not a feature of a living trust | The taxpayer whose residence has been ' locked ' into a trust has now been given another opportunity to take advantage of these CGT exemptions . The Taxation Law Amendment Act of 30 September 2009 commenced on 1 January 2010 and granted a 2 - year window period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011 , affording a natu... | [
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"Wills , trusts and estates Part of the common law series Wills Legal history of wills Joint wills and mutual wills Will contract Codicil Holographic will Oral will Sections Attestation clause Residuary clause Incorporation by reference Contest Testamentary capacity Undue influence Insane delusion Fraud No - contes... | Trust law - wikipedia Trust law Jump to: navigation , search For the monopolistic business, see Trust (business) . For other uses of the word `` trust'' , see Trust (disambiguation) . Wills , trusts and estates Part of the common law series Wills Legal history of wills Joint wills and mutual wills Will contract Codicil... | 3412343242644244339 |
who did sin that this man was born blind | According to Christian tradition , the man 's name was Celidonius . Jesus is shaking | [
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"The miracle of healing the man born blind is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels .",
"According to the Gospel of John , 9 : 1 -- 12 , Jesus saw a man who had been blind since birth . His disciples asked him , `` Rabbi , who sinned , this man or his parents , that he was born blind ? ''",
"Jesus replied... | Healing the man blind from birth - wikipedia Healing the man blind from birth Jump to: navigation , search Christ healing the blind , by Nicolas Colombel , 1682 The miracle of healing the man born blind is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels . According to the Gospel of John , 9:1-- 12, Jesus saw a man who had ... | -8840823714467430890 |
what is name on card in atm card | Debit cards are accepted in a relatively large number of stores , both large and small in Uruguay ; but their use has so far remained low as compared to credit cards at ATMs . Since August 2014 , with the Financial Inclusion Law coming into force , end consumers obtain a 4 % VAT deduction for using debit cards in their... | [
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"A debit card ( also known as a bank card or check card ) is a plastic payment card that can be used instead of cash when making purchases . It is similar to a credit card , but unlike a credit card , the money comes directly from the user 's bank account when performing a transaction .",
"Some cards may carry a ... | Debit card - Wikipedia Debit card Jump to: navigation , search A debit card (also known as a bank card or check card ) is a plastic payment card that can be used instead of cash when making purchases. It is similar to a credit card , but unlike a credit card, the money comes directly from the user's bank account when p... | -6468685038698141073 |
what is the average age to get married in south africa | Country Men Women Average Age Gap Year Source Algeria 33.5 27.8 30.7 5.7 2006 Angola 24.7 21.4 23.1 3.3 Benin 23.8 18.7 21.3 5.1 2006 Burkina Faso 24.3 17.9 21.1 6.4 Burundi 23.6 20.3 22 3.3 Cape Verde 26.2 21.5 23.9 4.7 Cameroon 25.8 19.0 22.4 6.8 2011 Central African Republic 23.3 17.4 20.4 5.9 1994 - 1995 Chad 22.4 ... | [
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"30.5"
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"This is a list of countries by age at first marriage . Definition of marriage is the legally or formally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship ( historically and in some jurisdictions specifically a union between a man and a woman ) . Marriage is a legally recognized union between t... | List of countries by age at first marriage - wikipedia List of countries by age at first marriage Jump to: navigation , search This list is incomplete ; you can help by expanding it . This is a list of countries by age at first marriage . Definition of marriage is the legally or formally recognized union of two people ... | 8068064230768396608 |
who is the actor that plays manny on modern family | He is best known for playing Manny Delgado in the ABC sitcom Modern Family . He also wrote a book that was published in 2012 . | [
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"Rico Rodriguez Rodriguez at the 2015 Paley Center for Media ( 1998 - 07 - 31 ) July 31 , 1998 ( age 19 ) Bryan , Texas , U.S. Nationality American Occupation Actor Years active 2006 -- present Notable credit ( s ) Manny Delgado in Modern Family Relatives Raini Rodriguez ( sister )",
"Rico Rodriguez",
"Rodrigue... | Rico Rodriguez (actor) - wikipedia Rico Rodriguez (actor) Jump to: navigation , search Rico Rodriguez Rodriguez at the 2015 Paley Center for Media ( 1998-07-31 ) July 31, 1998 (age 19) Bryan, Texas , U.S. Nationality American Occupation Actor Years active 2006-- present Notable credit(s) Manny Delgado in Modern Family ... | 2057203911337294566 |
where is the diamond cutting industry located in india | Diamond cutting , as well as overall processing , is concentrated in a few cities around the world . The main diamond trading centers are Antwerp , Tel Aviv , and Dubai from where roughs are sent to the main processing centers of India and China . Diamonds are cut and polished in Surat , India and the Chinese cities of... | [
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"Part of a series on Diamonds Material Material properties Crystallographic defects Formation and surfacing The 4 Cs Carat Clarity Color Cut Production List of mines Diamond cutting Synthetic diamonds The diamond industry Blood diamond De Beers Cultural impact History Symbolism Famous diamonds Imitations and enhanc... | Diamond cutting - wikipedia Diamond cutting Part of a series on Diamonds Material Material properties Crystallographic defects Formation and surfacing The 4 Cs Carat Clarity Color Cut Production List of mines Diamond cutting Synthetic diamonds The diamond industry Blood diamond De Beers Cultural impact History Symbolis... | 2743451867461243258 |
who is dangerous supposed to be in get rich | Get Rich or Die Tryin ' grossed $12,020,807 in its opening weekend . Altogether , the film grossed $46,442,528 in total worldwide . | [
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"Get Rich or Die Tryin ' Directed by Jim Sheridan Produced by Jimmy Iovine Chris Lighty Paul Rosenberg Jim Sheridan Written by Terence Winter Starring Curtis `` 50 Cent '' Jackson Terrence Howard Joy Bryant Bill Duke Adewale Akinnuoye - Agbaje Omar Benson Miller Viola Davis Music by Quincy Jones Gavin Friday Mauric... | Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film) - Wikipedia Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film) Jump to: navigation , search Get Rich or Die Tryin' Directed by Jim Sheridan Produced by Jimmy Iovine Chris Lighty Paul Rosenberg Jim Sheridan Written by Terence Winter Starring Curtis `` 50 Cent'' Jackson Terrence Howard Joy Bryant Bill Duke Adewa... | 1106207223115452698 |
advantage of storing grain in wattle and daub baskets | Jacal can refer to a type of crude house whose wall is built with wattle and daub in southwestern America . Closely spaced upright sticks or poles driven into the ground with small branches ( wattle ) interwoven between them make the structural frame of the wall . Mud or an adobe clay ( daub ) is covered outside . To p... | [
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"Wattle and daub is a composite building material used for making walls , in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil , clay , sand , animal dung and straw . Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and is still ... | Wattle and daub - wikipedia Wattle and daub Jump to: navigation , search Wattle and daub in wooden frames Wattle and daub is a composite building material used for making walls, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil , clay ,... | 2130155298629838544 |
how many points for a field goal in rugby league | A drop goal ( also known as a field goal ) is worth only one point and is thus the least chosen method of scoring . It is attempted during general play , and to be valid must be made by a drop kick , and as with penalty and conversion goals , must pass both over the crossbar and between the uprights of the goal - posts... | [
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"one point"
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verification... | Rugby league gameplay - wikipedia Rugby league gameplay This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Cameron Smith... | -147018916309082047 |
who has the most championship rings in basketball | Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13 - year playing career . He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year . Afterwards , he went on to win 10 championships in the next 12 years , including eight consecutive champi... | [
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"Bill Russell"
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"This is a list of NBA players with most championships won as a player . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is a major professional basketball league in North America . It was founded in 1946 as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . The league adopted its current name at the start of the 1949 -- ... | List of NBA players with most championships - wikipedia List of NBA players with most championships Jump to: navigation , search Bill Russell won 11 championships with the Boston Celtics , an NBA record. This is a list of NBA players with most championships won as a player. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is ... | -7080067704160201816 |
what is the name of the man in wonder woman | Originally signed for three feature films , with Wonder Woman and Justice League being her second and third films , Gadot signed an extension to her contract for additional films . Jenkins initially signed for only one film , but in an interview with Variety , Geoff Johns revealed that he and Jenkins are writing the tr... | [
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"Wonder Woman Theatrical release poster Directed by Patty Jenkins Produced by Charles Roven Deborah Snyder Zack Snyder Richard Suckle Screenplay by Allan Heinberg Story by Zack Snyder Allan Heinberg Jason Fuchs Based on Wonder Woman by William Moulton Marston Starring Gal Gadot Chris Pine Robin Wright Danny Huston ... | Wonder Woman (2017 film) - wikipedia Wonder Woman (2017 film) Jump to: navigation , search Wonder Woman Theatrical release poster Directed by Patty Jenkins Produced by Charles Roven Deborah Snyder Zack Snyder Richard Suckle Screenplay by Allan Heinberg Story by Zack Snyder Allan Heinberg Jason Fuchs Based on Wonder Wom... | 4282109774149695304 |
who made the song help me make it through the night famous | `` Help Me Make It Through The Night '' is a country music ballad written and composed by Kris Kristofferson and released on his 1970 album Kristofferson . It was covered later in 1970 by Sammi Smith , on the album Help Me Make It Through the Night . Smith 's recording of the song remains the most commercially successf... | [
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"`` Help Me Make It Through the Night '' Song by Kris Kristofferson from the album Kristofferson A-side `` Help Me Make It Through the Night '' Released 1970 Recorded 1969 Genre Country Length 2 : 24 Label Monument Songwriter ( s ) Kris Kristofferson Producer ( s ) Fred Foster",
"`` Help Me Make It Through the Ni... | Help Me Make it Through the Night - wikipedia Help Me Make it Through the Night Jump to: navigation , search For the Sammi Smith album, see Help Me Make It Through the Night (album) . For the Hank Crawford album, see Help Me Make It Through the Night (Hank Crawford album) . `` Help Me Make It Through the Night'' Song b... | -3269138383826161676 |
justin timberlake tour man of the woods setlist | Total -- -- | [
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"Man of the Woods Tour Tour by Justin Timberlake Associated album Man of the Woods Start date March 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) End date January 31 , 2019 ( 2019 - 01 - 31 ) Legs No. of shows 85 in North America 27 in Europe 112 in total Justin Timberlake concert chronology The 20 / 20 Experience World Tour ( 2013... | Man of the Woods tour - wikipedia Man of the Woods tour 2018 Justin Timberlake tour Man of the Woods Tour Tour by Justin Timberlake Associated album Man of the Woods Start date March 13, 2018 ( 2018-03-13 ) End date January 31, 2019 ( 2019-01-31 ) Legs No. of shows 85 in North America 27 in Europe 112 in total Justin T... | -2335267644914595947 |
when did the us become an imperial power | International relations scholar Joseph Nye argues that U.S. power is more and more based on `` soft power '' , which comes from cultural hegemony rather than raw military or economic force . This includes such factors as the widespread desire to emigrate to the United States , the prestige and corresponding high propor... | [
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"History of U.S. expansion and influence Foreign policy Military history Timeline of military operations List of wars United States military deployments List of bases Manifest destiny Non-interventionism Foreign interventions Pax Americana America 's Backyard Territorial acquisitions United States involvement in re... | American imperialism - Wikipedia American imperialism `` American empire'' redirects here. For other uses, see American Empire . U.S. military presence around the world in 2007. As of 2013 , the U.S. still had many bases and troops stationed globally . Their presence has generated controversy and opposition by some in ... | -4334064984911395012 |
it ́s a mad mad mad mad world | Claims of attempts to produce a sequel to It 's a Mad , Mad , Mad , Mad World have circulated , but no film producer has officially confirmed a sequel contract despite multiple attempts . | [
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"It 's a Mad , Mad , Mad , Mad World Theatrical release poster by Jack Davis Directed by Stanley Kramer Produced by Stanley Kramer Screenplay by William Rose Tania Rose Story by Tania Rose Starring Spencer Tracy Milton Berle Sid Caesar Buddy Hackett Ethel Merman Mickey Rooney Dick Shawn Phil Silvers Terry - Thomas ... | It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World - wikipedia It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World For the 1987 Hong Kong comedy and its sequels, see It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World . It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World Theatrical release poster by Jack Davis Directed by Stanley Kramer Produced by Stanley Kramer Screenplay by William Rose Tania Rose ... | 8849747312343910329 |
what bodies of water surround cabo san lucas | During summer , Cabo San Lucas is cooler than San José del Cabo by about by about 1.5 to 3 ° C ( 3 to 5 ° F ) . Sometimes during the summer , when winds blow from the Pacific Ocean instead of the Gulf of California , the differences in temperatures between San José del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas are higher . | [
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"Cabo San Lucas Yenecami View of the harbor Cabo San Lucas ( 2005 ) Coat of arms Nickname ( s ) : Cabo Cabo San Lucas Location in Baja California Sur Coordinates : 22 ° 53 ′ 23 '' N 109 ° 54 ′ 56 '' W / 22.88972 ° N 109.91556 ° W / 22.88972 ; - 109.91556 Coordinates : 22 ° 53 ′ 23 '' N 109 ° 54 ′ 56 '' W / ... | Cabo San Lucas - wikipedia Cabo San Lucas Jump to: navigation , search This is an encyclopedia article. For a travel guide see Cabo San Lucas . Cabo San Lucas Yenecami View of the harbor Cabo San Lucas (2005) Coat of arms Nickname(s): Cabo Cabo San Lucas Location in Baja California Sur Coordinates: 22° 53′ 23'' N 109° ... | -3228483207040151533 |
1. all of the following are regions of latin america except (1 point) | 10 . Ecuador 0 5 | [
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"Latin America Area 19,197,000 km ( 7,412,000 sq mi ) Population 639,048,639 ( 2016 est . ) Population density 31 / km ( 80 / sq mi ) Demonym Latin American , Latino Countries 20 Dependencies 13 Largest cities ( Metro areas ) 1 . Mexico City 2 . São Paulo 3 . Buenos Aires 4 . Lima 5 . Rio de Janeiro 6 . Bogotá 7 . ... | Latin America - Wikipedia Latin America `` Latin American'' and `` Latinoamérica '' redirect here. For Latin American people, see Latin Americans . For the song, see Latinoamérica (song) . Latin America Area 19,197,000 km (7,412,000 sq mi) Population 639,048,639 (2016 est.) Population density 31/km (80/sq mi) Demonym L... | -7483662561893714842 |
when does riverdale season 2 episode 15 come out | No . Title Air date Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) Viewers ( millions ) DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) DVR viewers ( millions ) Total ( 18 -- 49 ) Total viewers ( millions ) `` Chapter Fourteen : A Kiss Before Dying '' October 11 , 2017 0.8 / 3 2.34 0.6 1.40 1.4 3.74 `` Chapter Fifteen : Nighthawks '' October 18 , 2017 0.6 / 2 1.76 0.6... | [
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"Riverdale Genre Teen drama Mystery Based on Characters by Archie Comics Developed by Roberto Aguirre - Sacasa Starring KJ Apa Lili Reinhart Camila Mendes Cole Sprouse Marisol Nichols Madelaine Petsch Ashleigh Murray Mädchen Amick Luke Perry Mark Consuelos Casey Cott Skeet Ulrich Narrated by Cole Sprouse Composer (... | Riverdale (2017 TV series) - Wikipedia Riverdale (2017 TV series) Jump to: navigation , search Riverdale Genre Teen drama Mystery Based on Characters by Archie Comics Developed by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa Starring KJ Apa Lili Reinhart Camila Mendes Cole Sprouse Marisol Nichols Madelaine Petsch Ashleigh Murray Mädchen Ami... | -3477362249811776954 |
when was the rock and roll hall of fame built | The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , recognizes and archives the history of the best - known and most influential artists , producers , engineers , and other notable figures who have had some major influence on the development of rock and roll . The Rock and ... | [
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"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Established Location 1100 Rock and Roll Boulevard ( East Ninth Street at Lake Erie ) Cleveland , Ohio 44114 United States 41 ° 30 ′ 30.2 '' N 81 ° 41 ′ 43.8 '' W / 41.508389 ° N 81.695500 ° W / 41.508389 ; - 81.695500 Visitors 441,290 ( 2013 ) President Greg Harris Public transit a... | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame - Wikipedia Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Jump to: navigation , search Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Established Location 1100 Rock and Roll Boulevard (East Ninth Street at Lake Erie ) Cleveland , Ohio 44114 United States 41° 30′ 30.2'' N 81° 41′ 43.8'' W / 41.508389° N 81.695500° W / 41.5083... | -7607050092515719380 |
where do they live in the big bang theory | The show is primarily centered on five characters living in Pasadena , California : Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper , both physicists at Caltech , who share an apartment ; Penny , a waitress and aspiring actress who later becomes a pharmaceutical representative and who lives across the hall ; and Leonard and Shel... | [
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"The Big Bang Theory Genre Sitcom Created by Chuck Lorre Bill Prady Directed by Mark Cendrowski Starring Johnny Galecki Jim Parsons Kaley Cuoco Simon Helberg Kunal Nayyar Sara Gilbert Mayim Bialik Melissa Rauch Kevin Sussman Laura Spencer Theme music composer Barenaked Ladies Opening theme `` Big Bang Theory Theme ... | The Big Bang Theory - Wikipedia The Big Bang Theory Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the television series. For the scientific theory, see Big Bang . For other uses, see Big Bang Theory (disambiguation) . `` TBBT'' redirects here. For the Discovery Channel series, see The Big Brain Theory . The Big Ba... | -873313490553525456 |
when does call me by your name take place | Call Me by Your Name is a 2017 coming - of - age romantic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino and written by James Ivory . It is based on the 2007 novel of the same name by André Aciman , and is the final installment in Guadagnino 's thematic `` Desire '' trilogy , after I Am Love ( 2009 ) and A Bigger Splash ( 2015... | [
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"Call Me by Your Name Theatrical release poster Directed by Luca Guadagnino Produced by Peter Spears Luca Guadagnino Emilie Georges Rodrigo Teixeira Marco Morabito James Ivory Howard Rosenman Screenplay by James Ivory Based on Call Me by Your Name by André Aciman Starring Armie Hammer Timothée Chalamet Michael Stuh... | Call Me by Your Name (film) - wikipedia Call Me by Your Name (film) Call Me by Your Name Theatrical release poster Directed by Luca Guadagnino Produced by Peter Spears Luca Guadagnino Emilie Georges Rodrigo Teixeira Marco Morabito James Ivory Howard Rosenman Screenplay by James Ivory Based on Call Me by Your Name by An... | 1156927248546721230 |
ranveer singh ladies vs ricky bahl full movie | Total length : 28 : 00 | [
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"Ladies vs Ricky Bahl Theatrical release poster Directed by Maneesh Sharma Produced by Aditya Chopra Written by Habib Faisal ( Dialogue ) Screenplay by Devika Bhagat Additional Screenplay : Habib Faisal Story by Aditya Chopra Starring Ranveer Singh Anushka Sharma Parineeti Chopra Dipannita Sharma Aditi Sharma Music... | Ladies Vs Ricky Bahl - wikipedia Ladies Vs Ricky Bahl Jump to: navigation , search Ladies vs Ricky Bahl Theatrical release poster Directed by Maneesh Sharma Produced by Aditya Chopra Written by Habib Faisal (Dialogue) Screenplay by Devika Bhagat Additional Screenplay: Habib Faisal Story by Aditya Chopra Starring Ranvee... | -741969755373114485 |
how long does it take to get to gallipoli from australia | The anniversary of the landings , 25 April , has since 1916 been recognised in Australia and New Zealand as Anzac Day , now one of their most important national occasions . It does not celebrate a military victory , but instead commemorates all the Australians and New Zealanders `` who served and died in all wars , con... | [
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"Coordinates : 40 ° 14 ′ 46 '' N 26 ° 16 ′ 40 '' E / 40.24611 ° N 26.27778 ° E / 40.24611 ; 26.27778",
"Landing at Anzac Cove Part of the Gallipoli Campaign North Beach ( north of Anzac Cove ) looking south , Gallipoli , in 2014 Date 25 April 1915 Location Anzac Cove Belligerents British Empire Ottoman Empi... | Landing at ANZAC Cove - wikipedia Landing at ANZAC Cove Jump to: navigation , search See also: Landing at Cape Helles Coordinates : 40° 14′ 46'' N 26° 16′ 40'' E / 40.24611° N 26.27778° E / 40.24611; 26.27778 Landing at Anzac Cove Part of the Gallipoli Campaign North Beach (north of Anzac Cove) looking south, Gal... | -4625090565598211659 |
where is the real housewives of orange county filmed | The Real Housewives of Orange County ( abbreviated RHOC ) is an American reality television series that premiered on March 21 , 2006 , on Bravo . It is currently in its twelfth season and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in Orange County , California . | [
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"The Real Housewives of Orange County Genre Reality television Starring Kimberly Bryant Jo De La Rosa Vicki Gunvalson Jeana Keough Lauri Peterson Tammy Knickerbocker Tamra Judge Quinn Fry Gretchen Rossi Lynne Curtin Alexis Bellino Peggy Tanous Heather Dubrow Lydia McLaughlin Shannon Beador Lizzie Rovsek Meghan King... | The Real Housewives of Orange County - wikipedia The Real Housewives of Orange County Jump to: navigation , search For the current season, see The Real Housewives of Orange County (season 12) . The Real Housewives of Orange County Genre Reality television Starring Kimberly Bryant Jo De La Rosa Vicki Gunvalson Jeana Keo... | -7681685526155633715 |
lake tahoe straddles the border between which two u.s. states | Lake Tahoe ( / ˈtɑːhoʊ / ; Washo : dáʔaw ) is a large freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the United States . Lying at 6,225 ft ( 1,897 m ) , it straddles the state line between California and Nevada , west of Carson City . Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America , and at 122,160,280 acre ⋅ ft ( 150,... | [
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"California",
"Nevada"
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"Lake Tahoe The south shore in California as seen from Chimney Bay on the Nevada side Location The Sierra Nevada of the U.S , along the state line of California and Nevada Coordinates 39 ° 05.5 ′ N 120 ° 02.5 ′ W / 39.0917 ° N 120.0417 ° W / 39.0917 ; - 120.0417 Coordinates : 39 ° 05.5 ′ N 120 ° 02.5 ′ W / ... | Lake Tahoe - wikipedia Lake Tahoe Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the United States lake. For the 2008 film, see Lake Tahoe (film) . `` Tahoe'' redirects here. For other uses, see Tahoe (disambiguation) . Lake Tahoe The south shore in California as seen from Chimney Bay on the Nevada side Location Th... | 4066109422572855795 |
do you have to be indian to live on a reservation | Gang violence is becoming a major social problem . A December 13 , 2009 , The New York Times article about growing gang violence on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation estimated that there were 39 gangs with 5,000 members on that reservation alone . As opposed to traditional `` Most Wanted '' lists , Native Americans are... | [
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"Indian reservations Also known as : Domestic Dependent Nation Autonomous administrative divisions Location United States of America Created 1658 ( Powhatan Tribes ) Number 326 ( map includes the 310 as of May 1996 ) Populations 123 ( several ) - 173,667 ( Navajo Nation ) Areas ranging from the 1.32 - acre ( 0.534 ... | Indian reservation - wikipedia Indian reservation Jump to: navigation , search This article is about Native American reservations in the United States. For a similar concept in Canada, see Indian reserve . For other uses, see Indian reservation (disambiguation) . Not to be confused with Reservation in India . Indian re... | -8783009191268846684 |
who was allowed citizenship in ancient greece and rome | Roman citizenship was also used as a tool of foreign policy and control . Colonies and political allies would be granted a `` minor '' form of Roman citizenship , there being several graduated levels of citizenship and legal rights ( the Latin Right was one of them ) . The promise of improved status within the Roman ``... | [
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"used as a tool of foreign policy and control. Colonies and political allies would be granted a \"minor\" form of Roman citizenship, there being several graduated levels of citizenship and legal rights (the Latin Right was one of them)"
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"This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article needs additional citations for verificatio... | Roman citizenship - wikipedia Roman citizenship Jump to: navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template m... | 2275489176538785449 |
secretary of state responsible for the successful negotiation of the washington naval treaty of 1922 | At the first plenary session held November 21 , 1921 , US Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes presented his country 's proposals . Hughes provided a dramatic beginning for the conference by stating with resolve : `` The way to disarm is to disarm '' . The ambitious slogan received enthusiastic public endorsement an... | [
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"Washington Naval Treaty Limitation of Naval Armament Signing of the Washington Naval Treaty . Type Arms control Context World War I Signed February 6 , 1922 ( 1922 - 02 - 06 ) Location Memorial Continental Hall , Washington , D.C. Effective August 17 , 1923 ( 1923 - 08 - 17 ) Expiration December 31 , 1936 ( 1936 -... | Washington naval treaty - wikipedia Washington naval treaty Jump to: navigation , search Washington Naval Treaty Limitation of Naval Armament Signing of the Washington Naval Treaty. Type Arms control Context World War I Signed February 6, 1922 ( 1922-02-06 ) Location Memorial Continental Hall , Washington, D.C. Effecti... | -1086043981609734343 |
who is buried in copp's hill burying ground | George Worthylake , first keeper of the Boston Light | [
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"Copp 's Hill Burying Ground U.S. National Register of Historic Places Copp 's Hill Burying Ground ( Massachusetts ) Copp 's Hill Burying Ground ( the US ) Show map of Boston Show map of Massachusetts Show map of the US Show all Location Boston , Massachusetts Coordinates 42 ° 22 ′ 2 '' N 71 ° 3 ′ 23 '' W / 42.... | Copp's Hill Burying Ground - wikipedia Copp's Hill Burying Ground Jump to: navigation , search Copp's Hill Burying Ground U.S. National Register of Historic Places Copp's Hill Burying Ground (Massachusetts) Copp's Hill Burying Ground (the US) Show map of Boston Show map of Massachusetts Show map of the US Show all Loca... | 1217927008176866626 |
how many episodes of spongebob have there been | No . overall No. in season Title Animation directors Written by Storyboarded by Supervising director Original air date U.S. viewers ( millions ) 216a 1a `` Cave Dwelling Sponge '' Alan Smart Mr. Lawrence Brian Morante Dave Cunningham September 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 23 ) 1.92 216b 1b `` The Clam Whisperer '' Bob Jaque... | [
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"SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon . The series is set in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom , and centers on the adventures and endeavors of SpongeBob SquarePants , an over-optimistic sea sponge th... | List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes - wikipedia List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes Jump to: navigation , search Stephen Hillenburg , shown here in 2011, created SpongeBob SquarePants , which premiered on May 1, 1999. SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and ... | 1736576896503641378 |
when was the last time carolina panthers won a superbowl | Percentage . 493 . 563 . 496 | [
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"Carolina Panthers Current season Established October 26 , 1993 ; 24 years ago ( 1993 - 10 - 26 ) First season : 1995 Play in and headquartered at Bank of America Stadium Charlotte , North Carolina Logo Wordmark League / conference affiliations National Football League ( 1995 -- present ) National Football Conferen... | Carolina Panthers - wikipedia Carolina Panthers Jump to: navigation , search Carolina Panthers Current season Established October 26, 1993 ; 24 years ago ( 1993-10-26 ) First season : 1995 Play in and headquartered at Bank of America Stadium Charlotte, North Carolina Logo Wordmark League/conference affiliations Nationa... | -7402524228168703976 |
line up area on end of laser beam | HUDs have been proposed or are being experimentally developed for a number of other applications . In the military , a HUD can be used to overlay tactical information such as the output of a laser rangefinder or squadmate locations to infantrymen . A prototype HUD has also been developed that displays information on th... | [
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"It has been suggested that The_Eyes - on - the - Road - Benefit be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since March 2017 .",
"It has been suggested that The_Eyes - on - the - Road - Benefit be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since March 2017 .",
"This article possibly contains origin... | Head-up display - wikipedia Head-up display Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the military and vehicle technology. For its use in gaming, see HUD (video gaming) . It has been suggested that The_Eyes-on-the-Road-Benefit be merged into this article. ( Discuss ) Proposed since March 2017. This article pos... | 2415035688479885844 |
swarajists decided to seek election with the object of | 1934 98 29 | [
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"This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this arti... | Swaraj Party - wikipedia Swaraj Party Jump to: navigation , search For the political party in Burma, see Swaraj Party (Burma) . This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (December 2009) ( Learn h... | 9127442685422353811 |
who is the current lead singer of lynyrd skynyrd | Lynyrd Skynyrd is a Southern rock band from Jacksonville , Florida . Formed in 1964 , the group originally included vocalist Ronnie Van Zant , guitarists Gary Rossington and Allen Collins , bassist Larry Junstrom and drummer Bob Burns . The current lineup features Rossington , guitarist and vocalist Rickey Medlocke ( f... | [
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"Rickey Medlocke"
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"Lynyrd Skynyrd is a Southern rock band from Jacksonville , Florida . Formed in 1964 , the group originally included vocalist Ronnie Van Zant , guitarists Gary Rossington and Allen Collins , bassist Larry Junstrom and drummer Bob Burns . The current lineup features Rossington , guitarist and vocalist Rickey Medlock... | List of Lynyrd Skynyrd members - wikipedia List of Lynyrd Skynyrd members Three lineups of Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1973 (top), 1977 (middle) and 2008 (bottom). Lynyrd Skynyrd is a Southern rock band from Jacksonville, Florida . Formed in 1964, the group originally included vocalist Ronnie Van Zant , guitarists Gary Rossingto... | -8071820199075016272 |
who did sebastian's voice in the little mermaid | Samuel E. Wright is an American film and theatre actor and singer . He is best known as the voice of Sebastian in Disney 's The Little Mermaid , for which he provided the main vocals to `` Under the Sea '' , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song . Wright also played the part of Mufasa in the original cast ... | [
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"Samuel E. Wright"
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"This biographical article needs additional citations for verification , as it includes attribution to IMDb . IMDb may not be a reliable source for biographical information . Please help by adding additional , reliable sources for verification . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly ... | Samuel E. Wright - Wikipedia Samuel E. Wright Jump to: navigation , search This biographical article needs additional citations for verification , as it includes attribution to IMDb . IMDb may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification . Co... | 6485747434676020039 |
the outer limits demon with a glass hand full episode | Jump up ^ `` Classic sci - fi TV show ' The Outer Limits ' coming to the big screen '' . Entertainment Weekly 's EW.com . | [
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"`` Demon with a Glass Hand '' The Outer Limits episode Episode no . Season 2 Episode 5 Directed by Byron Haskin Written by Harlan Ellison Cinematography by Kenneth Peach Production code 41 Original air date October 17 , 1964 Guest appearance ( s ) Robert Culp as Trent Arlene Martel as Consuelo Biros Abraham Sofaer... | Demon with a Glass Hand - wikipedia Demon with a Glass Hand `` Demon with a Glass Hand '' The Outer Limits episode Episode no. Season 2 Episode 5 Directed by Byron Haskin Written by Harlan Ellison Cinematography by Kenneth Peach Production code 41 Original air date October 17, 1964 Guest appearance(s) Robert Culp as Tr... | -5402274821473296014 |
who sang i've got the key i've got the secret | `` The Key The Secret '' is a song originally released in 1993 by British band Urban Cookie Collective with vocals by British singer Diane Charlemagne . The song is widely regarded as one of the biggest dance anthems of the ' 90s and has been remixed several times . | [
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"Urban Cookie Collective"
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"`` The Key The Secret '' Single by Urban Cookie Collective from the album High On A Happy Vibe B - side `` Remix '' Released Format 7 '' Single 12 '' Single CD Single CD Maxi Length 3 : 40 Label Pulse 8 Songwriter ( s ) Rohan Heath Producer ( s ) Chapter Urban Cookie Collective singles chronology `` The Key The Se... | The KEY the SECRET - wikipedia The KEY the SECRET Jump to: navigation , search `` The Key The Secret'' Single by Urban Cookie Collective from the album High On A Happy Vibe B-side `` Remix'' Released Format 7'' Single 12'' Single CD Single CD Maxi Length 3 : 40 Label Pulse 8 Songwriter(s) Rohan Heath Producer(s) Chapte... | 1375071102600390897 |
to what structure do the gray and white communicating rami lead | Olfactory receptor neuron | [
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"This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this arti... | Ramus communicans - wikipedia Ramus communicans Jump to: navigation , search This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . (December 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Ramus... | -264968369783468776 |
what is the brightest star in corona borealis | The brightest star is the magnitude 2.2 Alpha Coronae Borealis . The yellow supergiant R Coronae Borealis is the prototype of a rare class of giant stars -- the R Coronae Borealis variables -- that are extremely hydrogen deficient , and thought to result from the merger of two white dwarfs . T Coronae Borealis , also k... | [
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"the magnitude 2.2 Alpha Coronae Borealis"
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"Corona Borealis Constellation List of stars in Corona Borealis Abbreviation CrB Genitive Coronae Borealis Pronunciation / kəˈroʊnə ˌbɔːriˈælɪs , - ˌboʊ - , - ˈeɪlɪs / , genitive / kəˈroʊni / Symbolism The Northern Crown Right ascension 15 16 03.8205 -- 16 25 07.1526 Declination 39.7117195 ° -- 25.5380573 ° Area 17... | Corona Borealis - wikipedia Corona Borealis Jump to: navigation , search `` Northern Crown'' redirects here. For the d20 System game, see Northern Crown (roleplaying game) . Corona Borealis Constellation List of stars in Corona Borealis Abbreviation CrB Genitive Coronae Borealis Pronunciation / kəˈroʊnə ˌbɔːriˈælɪs , -... | 6259837044789186444 |
how many twitter followers does selena gomez have | Rank Change ( monthly ) Account name Owner Followers ( millions ) Activity Country 1 . @ katyperry Katy Perry 108 Musician USA 2 . @ justinbieber Justin Bieber 105 Musician CAN 3 . @ BarackObama Barack Obama 103 Former U.S. President USA 4 . @ rihanna Rihanna 89 Musician BAR 5 . @ taylorswift13 Taylor Swift 84 Musician... | [
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"This list contains the top 50 accounts with the largest number of followers on the social media platform Twitter . As of October 11 , 2018 , the most followed person is American singer Katy Perry , with over 107 million followers . Her account was the first to exceed 100 million followers , in June 2017 .",
"On ... | List of most-followed Twitter accounts - wikipedia List of most-followed Twitter accounts Katy Perry is currently the most followed account on Twitter with over 107 million followers. This list contains the top 50 accounts with the largest number of followers on the social media platform Twitter . As of October 11, 201... | 8852615001469733664 |
tropical cyclone in bay of bengal are most frequent during | References | [
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"In the Indian Ocean north of the equator , tropical cyclones can form throughout the year on either side of India . On the east side is the Bay of Bengal , and on the west side is the Arabian Sea .",
"The Bay of Bengal , located in the northeast of the Indian Ocean , is responsible for the formation of some of t... | North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone - wikipedia North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone Jump to: navigation , search Cumulative track map of all North Indian Ocean cyclones from 1970 to 2005 In the Indian Ocean north of the equator , tropical cyclones can form throughout the year on either side of India . On the east side ... | 5886327254868681215 |
when did it the orginal movie come out | The popularity of the Xbox , as well as ( in the United States ) its comparatively short 90 - day warranty , inspired efforts to circumvent the built - in hardware and software security mechanisms , a practice informally known as modding . | [
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"Xbox Xbox console with `` Controller S '' Developer Microsoft Manufacturer Flextronics Product family Xbox Type Home video game console Generation Sixth generation Release date NA : November 15 , 2001 JP : February 22 , 2002 AU : March 14 , 2002 EU : March 14 , 2002 Retail availability 2001 -- 2009 Discontinued JP... | Xbox (console) - wikipedia Xbox (console) Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the original Xbox. For the eighth-generation console, see Xbox One . Xbox Xbox console with `` Controller S'' Developer Microsoft Manufacturer Flextronics Product family Xbox Type Home video game console Generation Sixth genera... | -5530302459530285339 |
who is the judges on the x factor | The X Factor Genre Reality television Created by Simon Cowell Directed by Phil Heyes Creative director ( s ) Brian Friedman Brian Burke Elizabeth Honan Jerry Reeve Mark `` Swany '' Swanhart Ashley Evans Antony Ginandjar Presented by Kate Thornton Dermot O'Leary Caroline Flack Olly Murs Judges Simon Cowell Sharon Osbour... | [
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"The X Factor Genre Reality television Created by Simon Cowell Directed by Phil Heyes Creative director ( s ) Brian Friedman Brian Burke Elizabeth Honan Jerry Reeve Mark `` Swany '' Swanhart Ashley Evans Antony Ginandjar Presented by Kate Thornton Dermot O'Leary Caroline Flack Olly Murs Judges Simon Cowell Sharon O... | The X Factor (UK TV series) - wikipedia The X Factor (UK TV series) Jump to: navigation , search For the most recent series, see The X Factor (UK series 14) . The X Factor Genre Reality television Created by Simon Cowell Directed by Phil Heyes Creative director(s) Brian Friedman Brian Burke Elizabeth Honan Jerry Reeve ... | -5116462993351568509 |
the official secrets act is an example of regulating information in a totalitarian state | Australia has Part VII of the Crimes Act 1914 ( Commonwealth ) , entitled Official Secrets and Unlawful Soundings . | [
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"The Official Secrets Act is a term used in Hong Kong , India , Ireland , Malaysia , Singapore and the United Kingdom , and formerly in Canada and New Zealand for legislation that provides for the protection of state secrets and official information , mainly related to national security .",
"The Official Secrets ... | Official Secrets Act - wikipedia Official Secrets Act Jump to: navigation , search Official Secrets Acts 1911 to 1939 warning sign in Foulness , Essex . The Official Secrets Act is a term used in Hong Kong , India , Ireland , Malaysia , Singapore and the United Kingdom , and formerly in Canada and New Zealand for legis... | -933667209499456553 |
what is the name of a young chicken | In the UK and Ireland , adult male chickens over the age of one year are primarily known as cocks , whereas in the United States , Canada , Australia and New Zealand , they are more commonly called roosters . Males less than a year old are cockerels . Castrated roosters are called capons ( surgical and chemical castrat... | [
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"Chicken A rooster or cock ( left ) and hen ( right ) Conservation status Domesticated Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Aves Order : Galliformes Family : Phasianidae Genus : Gallus Species : G. gallus Subspecies : G. g . domesticus Trinomial name Gallus gallus domesticus ( Linn... | Chicken - wikipedia Chicken Jump to: navigation , search For chickens as food, see Chicken (food) . For the broader species of which chickens form a subspecies, see Red junglefowl . For other uses, see Chicken (disambiguation) , Chooks (disambiguation) , or Red junglefowl . Chicken A rooster or cock (left) and hen (rig... | 5398734755285551370 |
is it compulsory to wear seat belts in usa | Most seat belt laws in the United States are left to the states . However , the first seat belt law was a federal law , Title 49 of the United States Code , Chapter 301 , Motor Vehicle Safety Standard , which took effect on January 1 , 1968 , that required all vehicles ( except buses ) to be fitted with seat belts in a... | [
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"Most seat belt laws in the United States are left to the states . However , the first seat belt law was a federal law , Title 49 of the United States Code , Chapter 301 , Motor Vehicle Safety Standard , which took effect on January 1 , 1968 , that required all vehicles ( except buses ) to be fitted with seat belts... | Seat belt laws in the United States - wikipedia Seat belt laws in the United States Jump to: navigation , search Seat belt laws for front seat passengers in the U.S. as of 2009 No enforcement for adults (primary enforcement for minors) Secondary enforcement Secondary enforcement; primary under certain ages Primary enfo... | 6368069492079970401 |
bts album the most beautiful moment in life | Japan September 16 , 2015 Pony Canyon Japanese edition | [
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"The Most Beautiful Moment in Life , Part 1 EP by BTS Released April 29 , 2015 Recorded 2015 Genre Hip hop R&B dance - pop EDM K - pop Length 31 : 27 Language Korean Label Big Hit Entertainment Producer Pdogg BTS chronology Wake Up ( 2014 ) The Most Beautiful Moment in Life , Part 1 ( 2015 ) The Most Beautiful Mome... | The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 1 - wikipedia The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 1 The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 1 EP by BTS Released April 29, 2015 Recorded 2015 Genre Hip hop R&B dance-pop EDM K-pop Length 31 : 27 Language Korean Label Big Hit Entertainment Producer Pdogg BTS chronology Wake Up... | -5795610377874947458 |
where is the saint lawrence river located on a map | Musician David Usher released the song `` St. Lawrence River '' on his Little Songs album in 1998 . | [
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"This article 's factual accuracy is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced . ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
"This article 's factual accuracy is disputed . Relevant discussion ... | Saint Lawrence River - wikipedia Saint Lawrence River Jump to: navigation , search This article's factual accuracy is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced . (September 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message... | -3828634003312913330 |
cwo was established during 1957 to provide logistics support to the agricultural sector | CWC enables the movement of imported and exportable goods to and from the port towns and has developed infrastructure of Container Freight Stations & Inland Clearance Depots throughout the country . It operates 36 CFSs / ICDs where composite services for containerised movement of import / export cargo are provided . Th... | [
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"Central Warehousing Corporation Type Government - owned corporation Industry PSU Founded 1957 Founder Govt of India Headquarters `` Warehousing Bhawan '' 4 / 1 Siri Institutional Area , August Kranti Marg , New Delhi , India Area served All India Key people Sh . Yogendra Tripathi , IAS , chairman ; Sh . Arun Kumar... | Central Warehousing Corporation - wikipedia Central Warehousing Corporation Central Warehousing Corporation Type Government-owned corporation Industry PSU Founded 1957 Founder Govt of India Headquarters `` Warehousing Bhawan'' 4/1 Siri Institutional Area, August Kranti Marg, New Delhi, India Area served All India Key p... | 3631526428521348196 |
world wide accrediting commission of christian educational institutions | Prerequisites and rules for higher education accreditation vary from country to country . In most countries , the function of quality assurance for higher education institutions is conducted by a government ministry of education . However in the United States , educational accreditation is performed primarily by privat... | [
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"United States Department of Education"
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"This is a list of unrecognized higher education accreditation organizations , as identified by the organizations themselves , government authorities in their respective countries , or other independent authorities . This article includes entities that are engaged in higher education accreditation or have been iden... | List of unrecognized higher Education accreditation organizations - wikipedia List of unrecognized higher Education accreditation organizations Jump to: navigation , search This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced e... | -4435779459025699123 |
mariah carey songs thank god i found you | sales figures based on certification alone | [
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"`` Thank God I Found You '' Single by Mariah Carey featuring Joe and 98 Degrees from the album Rainbow Released January 25 , 2000 ( 2000 - 01 - 25 ) Format CD single cassette single 7 '' single 12 '' single Recorded September 1999 Capri Digital Studios ( Capri , Italy ) Avatar Studios ( New York City , US ) Genre ... | Thank God I Found You - wikipedia Thank God I Found You `` Thank God I Found You'' Single by Mariah Carey featuring Joe and 98 Degrees from the album Rainbow Released January 25, 2000 ( 2000-01-25 ) Format CD single cassette single 7'' single 12'' single Recorded September 1999 Capri Digital Studios ( Capri , Italy) Av... | 7715336316603595865 |
when was the last time us went to moon | LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013 . The mission ended on 18 April 2014 , when the spacecraft 's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon , which , later , was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater . | [
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"Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) . Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA ) Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned . Luna 2 w... | Moon landing - wikipedia Moon landing Jump to: navigation , search This article is about the general topic. For the first manned Moon landing, see Apollo 11 and Apollo program . For other uses, see Moon landing (disambiguation) . `` Race to the Moon'' redirects here. For the Cold War topic, see Space Race . Clickable m... | 7351802457941460604 |
the upside down show shane gets a haircut | Many of the children featured in other episodes attend the party , including the boy from the Sandwich Room in `` Picnic '' , the boy from the Museum of Finger Painting in `` Art Museum '' , the girl from the dance studio in `` Movie Theater , '' the girl in the wheelchair from the shape room in `` Camping '' , the boy... | [
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"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard o... | The Upside Down show - Wikipedia The Upside Down show This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 42.114.37.129 ( talk ) at 15:10, 27 August 2017 . The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version. Revision as of 15:10, 27 August 2017 by 42.114.37.129 ( talk ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Lates... | 6392818072136008859 |
what does gronkowski wear on his left arm | He is of Polish origin , among with some English and some German origin . < ref > ( 1 ) | [
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"Rob Gronkowski Gronkowski with the Patriots in 2017 No. 87 -- New England Patriots Position : Tight end Born : ( 1989 - 05 - 14 ) May 14 , 1989 ( age 28 ) Amherst , New York Height : 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) Weight : 265 lb ( 120 kg ) Career information High school : Churchill ( PA ) Woodland Hills College : Arizona N... | Rob Gronkowski - Wikipedia Rob Gronkowski Jump to: navigation , search Rob Gronkowski Gronkowski with the Patriots in 2017 No. 87 -- New England Patriots Position: Tight end Born: ( 1989-05-14 ) May 14, 1989 (age 28) Amherst, New York Height: 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) Weight: 265 lb (120 kg) Career information High school: Ch... | 8648357187109080990 |
which of these is not a synonym for orientation answers.com | Other issues include education , lack of literacy and numeracy , school truancy , violence and bullying in schools , religious intolerance , immigration , political and religious extremism , discrimination of all sorts , the role of women , aging populations , gender issues , unplanned parenthood , and teenage pregnanc... | [
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"It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017 .",
"It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017 .",
"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these iss... | Social issue - wikipedia Social issue Jump to: navigation , search `` Social problem'' redirects here. For the journal, see Social Problems . It has been suggested that Global issue be merged into this article. ( Discuss ) Proposed since June 2017. ( hide ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or di... | -7377658108841151942 |
which state elect the maximum members in the lok sabha | Total 545 | [
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"This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain irrelevant information . Please help improve this article if you can . ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )",
... | Lok Sabha - Wikipedia Lok Sabha For upper house, see Rajya Sabha . For current list of Lok Sabha members, see List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha . This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards . The specific problem is: this article is filled with sections with misleading titles that contain... | -3035946753806190882 |
and they all went together in a little row boat | In Stephen King 's Insomnia ( 1994 ) an evil character chants the song several times throughout the novel . | [
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"( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced mate... | The Clapping song - wikipedia The Clapping song Jump to: navigation , search ( hide ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improv... | 7311963429387576901 |
what is the full name of bb t bank | BB&T Corporation ( Branch Banking and Trust Company ) is a financial service holding company based in Winston - Salem , North Carolina . Its bank operates over 2,100 branches in 15 states and Washington , D.C. , and offers consumer and commercial banking , securities brokerage , asset management , mortgage and insuranc... | [
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"BB&T Corporation Type Public company Traded as NYSE : BBT S&P 500 Index component Industry Financial services Founded 1872 ; 145 years ago ( 1872 ) Founder Alpheus Branch Thomas Jefferson Hadley Headquarters Winston - Salem , North Carolina Number of locations 2,100 branches Area served North Carolina , South Caro... | BB&T - wikipedia BB&T Jump to: navigation , search BB&T Corporation Type Public company Traded as NYSE : BBT S&P 500 Index component Industry Financial services Founded 1872 ; 145 years ago ( 1872 ) Founder Alpheus Branch Thomas Jefferson Hadley Headquarters Winston-Salem, North Carolina Number of locations 2,100 branc... | -5026626404259017497 |
who is the current lieutenant governor of washington | Cyrus Habib ( born August 22 , 1981 ) is an American politician , lawyer , and professor who is the 16th and current Lieutenant Governor of Washington . As such , he also serves as President of the Washington State Senate . He has been fully blind since he lost his eyesight to cancer at age eight . | [
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"Cyrus Habib 16th Lieutenant Governor of Washington Incumbent Assumed office January 11 , 2017 Governor Jay Inslee Preceded by Brad Owen Member of the Washington Senate from the 48th district In office January 12 , 2015 -- January 4 , 2017 Preceded by Rodney Tom Succeeded by Patty Kuderer Member of the Washington H... | Cyrus Habib - wikipedia Cyrus Habib Jump to: navigation , search Cyrus Habib 16th Lieutenant Governor of Washington Incumbent Assumed office January 11, 2017 Governor Jay Inslee Preceded by Brad Owen Member of the Washington Senate from the 48th district In office January 12, 2015 -- January 4, 2017 Preceded by Rodney ... | 423514709409222474 |
who gets to keep the super bowl trophy | The words `` Vince Lombardi Trophy '' along with the Roman numerals of that year 's Super Bowl are engraved on and the NFL shield is affixed onto the base . After the trophy is awarded , it is sent back to Tiffany 's to be engraved with the names of the participating teams , the date , location , and the game 's final ... | [
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"Vince Lombardi Trophy A Vince Lombardi Trophy on display , 2009 Award details Sport American football Given for Winning the Super Bowl , the championship game of the National Football League History First award January 15 , 1967 ; 50 years ago ( 1967 - 01 - 15 ) First winner Green Bay Packers Most wins Pittsburgh ... | Vince Lombardi Trophy - wikipedia Vince Lombardi Trophy Jump to: navigation , search `` Lombardi Trophy'' redirects here. For the annual award to the best college football lineman or linebacker, see Lombardi Award . Not to be confused with Lombardia Trophy . Vince Lombardi Trophy A Vince Lombardi Trophy on display, 200... | -8174047260435891822 |
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