1.01 This section covers the description and
maintenance of the KS-16605 teletrainer and
the KS-16606 carrying cases.

1.02 This section is reissued to cover the KS-16606,
List 3 and 4 carrying cases. List 1 and 2
carrying cases are rated MD.

1.03 The teletrainer is furnished by the telephone
company for use in schools as an aid for

training students in the proper use of rotary dial
and TOUCH-TONE@ telephones.

1.05 The built-in loudspeaker provides the
amplification for classroom use. An output

jack is available for connecting to a public address
system or recording device.

e Two 500 DR-51 or 2500 DR-51 telephone
sets equipped with D3BN-51 cords (25 feet
long) and 505A plugs are provided separately.

e Carrying cases are standard fiberglass
luggage provided with special molded inserts.

e KS-16606, List 2 (MD) and 4 carrying cases
are designed to carry two 500- or 2500-type
telephone sets.@

e Arrangement of teletrainer and telephones
in appropriate carrying cases.

prevent feedback between the two telephone
sets and the loudspeaker in the control unit.

Warning: Disconnect power before changing
tubes or other parts to prevent accidental
shock.

4.01. The location of control unit components is
shown in Fig. 7 and 8; Fig. 9 is the schematic
diagram, and Table A provides part information.

locally unless the defect is such that it would
be advisable to have the repairs made by the
Western Electric Company. Be guided by local
instructions. Telephone sets, cords, plugs, and
jacks shall be maintained as covered in their
respective sections.

e If power is not present at receptacle, check 4.04 Check for dirty contacts, loose connections,
with customer. and defective electron tubes.

4.05 If TOUCH-TONE signaling is used, mounting
cord connections will have to be reversed
at the plug, red lead to G and green lead to R.

or in the telephone sets by testing for
20-hertz ringing current with a test receiver at
station jacks. Hold ring key depressed while
testing.

position establishes a circuit through primary
winding of transformer T3 to the other side of
the power cord.

e@ Low-voltage secondary winding of transformer
T3 supplies the tube filaments, pilot lamp,
and full-wave selenium rectifier CR1.

ae Be,
rs KNOB BL-94381-5
: sseeeemaneyarte stones SCREW P-290868
WRENCH, ALLEN 1/16 IN,
COVER ASSEMBLY B— 187773 PANEL LETTERING B-!87780

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RING (BK)
{6L) RIGHT atk
KEY
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10,0002 10,0002
NOTES:
|. CAPACITOR C2 OPTIONAL
ao TO MEET RINGING FRE—
QUENCY REQUIREMENTS
BUSY
TONE KEY (18 TO 25 Hz).
2. JIAND u2 ARE 548A
TYPE JACKS.
D5
Bes | IIS5V AC
SRO.G™) POWER

0.47-uf, 200-volt Capacitor
0.27-uf, 200-volt Capacitor
1000-xf, 12-volt Capacitor
1-uf, 200-volt Capacitor

20-uf, 450-volt Capacitor
50-uf, 25-volt Capacitor
0.1-uf, 200-volt Capacitor
0.033-uf, 300-volt Capacitor

current for generating tones and for the de
talking battery. Rectifier V3 supplies the plate
voltage to tubes V1 and V2.

ring key, D1 and D2 respectively, establishes
a circuit from the ac power source through switch
D5 through the operated ring key, and through
switch D6 contacts, to the other side of the ac
power source.

e Timer motor M1 is energized. Rotation of
the timer cams closes switch D6 make
contacts, connecting the motor directly to
the ac power supply.

0.22-megohm, 1/2-watt, 5% Resistor
0.1-megohm, 1/2-watt, 10% Resistor
100-ohm, 2-watt, 10% Resistor
2-megohm, 1/2-watt, 5% Resistor
B-187826, 1/2 megohm, 20% Poten-
tiometer

2700-ohm, 1/2-watt, 5% Resistor
0.51-megohm, 1/2-watt, 5% Resistor
680-ohm, 2-watt, 5% Resistor
2430-ohm, 5-watt, 5% Resistor
0.1-megohm, 1/2-watt, 5% Resistor

820-ohm, 1/2-watt, 10% Resistor
15-ohm, 1/2-watt, 10% Resistor
Stancor P6134 Transformer
26954 Transformer

relay. The operating path is from switch
D5 through the operated ring key, through switch
D3 contacts 5 and 6, and through K1 relay winding,
to the other side of ac power supply.

5.05 The K1 relay contact functions are as follows:
e 1-2B connects ground through bypass capacitor
C9 to cathode of tube V2

e 5-6B transfers plate of tube V2 to station
jacks, lead Y, through D1 or D2 ring key

e 2-3T connects ground to cathode of tube
V2 through switch D7 contacts when timer

e 4-5T connects control grid of tube V2 to
VOLUME CONTROL potentiometer R8
through capacitor C10

5.06 <A 20-hertz resonant circuit is formed by
primary winding of transformer T5 and
capacitor C1.

obtained from the cathode of rectifier tube
V3 through resistor R1 and secondary winding of
transformer T5.

e A 20-hertz oscillator is formed by transformer
T5, capacitor C1, and control grid and screen
grid of tube V2.

e The operation of K1 relay connects this
plate supply to the ringer in the telephone
set.

e Audible ringing signal is coupled to the
other telephone set receiver through capacitor
C11 or C12.

5.08 The ringing interval is maintained for 2
seconds by the timer motor rotating the
cams which open and close contacts of switch D7.

depressed, steady tone is impressed on the
talking circuit of the telephone sets and the amplifier
loudspeaker.

e Rectifier CR1 produces 120 impulses per
second, the ac component of which flows
through capacitor C4 to the primary winding
of Tl. This current is similar to regular
dial tone.

e From secondary winding of T1 to transformer
T2, through half of T2s primary winding to
capacitor C5.

e From capacitor C5 to station jacks, lead G,
through telephone sets and back to station
jacks, lead R, through capacitor C3 to
secondary winding of T1.

e Another parallel path exists from capacitor
C5 through R15, to capacitor C8, then to
secondary winding of T1.

until the DIAL TONE key is depressed.
This is accomplished by a shunt placed across the
secondary winding of T'1.

e The shunt path is from ground on switch
D4, contacts 2 and 3, through switch D8
contacts, to secondary winding of T1, to
ground.

5.13. The same current used for dial tone is
applied for busy tone with the busy cam of
timer varying the interval of application.

e Operation of BUSY TONE key, switch D3,
activates the timer motor. The motor start
path is from switch D5 in the ON position,
through switch D3 contacts 4 and 5, through
switch D6 contacts, to timer motor which
connects to other side of ac power supply.

e@ While the BUSY TONE key is held depressed,
the operation of busy cam switch D8 will
vary the interval that dial tone is applied
to telephone sets. This will sound similar
to regular busy tone.

e Busy tone is cut off immediately upon
release of the key by a shunt placed across
switch D8. This shunt is through switch
D8, contacts 2 and 3.

5.14 With both handsets off-hook, talk battery
is supplied through a filter network by
rectifier CR1.

e It continues through telephone sets to station
jacks, lead G, through R3 to switch D8
contacts, to switch D4, contacts 2 and 3
and ground.

e The shunt across the secondary winding of
T1 removes dial tone during the talking
period.

5.15 The amplifier is a conventional two-stage,
resistance-coupled-type, feeding a permanent
magnet loudspeaker, LS1.

e Primary winding of transformer T2 acts as
a step-up autotransformer, feeding the control
grid circuit of tube V1.

5.16 Output jack J3 provides for coupling a public
address system or recorder (hi-impedance)
to the secondary winding of T2.

e Volume is controlled by the amplifier of
any external equipment which is coupled
through output jack J3.

Teletrainer Description and Maintenance Manual


1. WHEN CHANGES ARE MADE IN THIS DRAWING,
ONLY THOSE SHEETS AFFECTED WILL BE
REISSUED.

2. THIS SHEET INDEX WILL BE REISSUED AND
BROUGHT UP TO DATE EACH TIME ANY SHEET
OF THE DRAWING IS REISSUED. OR A NEW
SHEET IS ADDED.

3. THE ISSUE NUMBER ASSIGNED TO A
CHANGED OR NEW SHEET WILL BE THE
SAME ISSUE NUMBER AS THAT OF THE
SHEET INDEX.

t. BRUSH 1 MAKES CONTINUOUS CONTACT WITH PRINTED CIRCUIT PATH;
THIS CONTACT NEVER BREAKS.

2. IN THE HOME POSITION, CONTACT 1 OF THE SCANNER UPPER ANO
LOWER SECTIONS ARE NORMALLY CU7SE0.

'BATTERY LEADS SHALL BE PAIRED TO THE FUSE PANEL WITH
SIMILARLY DESIGNATED GROUND LEADS

105. TO PERMIT TESTING DURING PERIODS OF POWER FAILURES AND
WHERE RAPID TRANSFER TO EMERGENCY AC POWER IS NOT
AVAILABLE. CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO USING CBURAL
OFFICE -48V BATTERY WITH T OPTION (HA POWER UNIT).

106. (TRKSF) TRANSFORMER REQUIRES 5 WATTS. IT IS SELF PROTECTED
AND CONSIDERATION SHOULD 8£ GIVEN TO CONNECTING TO POWER
OISTIBUTION FACILITIES THAT ARE PROTECTEC 3Y EMERGENCY AC
POWER.

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:
RESISTANCE VALUES ARE IN OHMS,
CAPACITANCE VALUES ARE IN M1CR0FARA0S,
VALUES PRECEDED BT THE SYM80L • (PLUS) OR - (MINUS) ARE IN VOLTS.

THE TIMING CYCLE OF (TMR) TIMER MAY BE CHECKED USING A
WATCH, BY MANUALLY OPERATING (ON) RELAY IN SO-49511-01
ANO OBSERVING THAT (TM1) RELAY OPERATES WITHIN 85-115 SECONDS

304. THE TIMING CYCLE OF THE (007) TIMER MAY BE CHECKED USING A WATCH.
BY MANUALLY OPERATING (RTT) RELAY AND OBSERVING THAT (DT) RELAY
OPERATES IN APPROXIMATELY 6 SECONDS.

303. WHEN NIGHT TEST COVERAGE FEATURE (OPTIONS M.ZE) IS
PROVIDED, THE ALTERNATE TIMING CYCLE OF (TMR) TIMER
MAY 3£ CHECKED USING A WATCH. BLOCK RELAY (NCI)
OPERATED ANO OBSERVE THAT ( TMI ) RELAY OPERATES IN
APPROXIMATELY il.5 SECONDS.

4. WRITE 1ST TELEPHONE NUMBER IN COLUMNS MARKEB "1ST
TELEPHONE NUMBER 0IGIT". OF BOTH UPPER AND LOWER
SCAN BLOCKS, PUTTING THE LAST OIGIT OF THE TELEPHONE
NUMBER NEXT TO TERMINAL 311 AND C11 ANO THE FIRST
DIGIT NEXT TO TERMINAL B5 OR C5 FOR A 7-DIGIT TELE-
PHONE NUMBER OR NEXT TO TERMINAL 32 OR C2 FOR A
10-0 1 GIT TELEPHONE NUMBER.

3. MATCfc fHE 1ST TELEPHONE NUMBER DIGITS (OF THE UPPER
SCAN BLOCK) TO IDENTICAL DIGITS OF THE UPPER 3RUSH
BLOCK ANO WIRE THEIR ASSOCIATED TERMINALS TOGETHER.

C. MATCH THE 1ST TELEPHONE NUMBER DIGITS (OF THE LOWER
SCAN BLOCK) TO lOENTICAL DIGITS OF THE LOWER BRUSH
8L0CKS ANO WIRE THEIR .-.SSQCIATED TERMINALS TOGETHER.

0. WIRE ALL UNUSEO TERMINALS OF THE UPPER SCAN 3L0CK
TOGETHER. WIRE ALL UNUSEO TERMINALS OF THE LOWER
SCAN 3L0CK TOGETHER. WIRE THESE TWO GROUPS TOGETHER.

A. REPEAT STEPS «,3,C, ANO ABOVE USING TERMINALS 01
THROUGH Oil ANO El THROUGH Ell .

A. WRITE TELEPHONE NUM8ER IN UPPER ANO LOWER SCAN SLOCKS
(NUMBERS IN BRACKETS).

3. .MATCH 1ST TELEPHONE NUMBER OIGITS UPPER SCAN BLOCK
TO UPPER 3RUSH 3L0CK.
WIRE:

SIDE TELEPHONE NUMBER FOR ACTIVATION OF THIS
CIRCUIT ANO THE FIRST TELEPHONE NUMBER

DAY OFFICE DEDICATED
a NIGHT OFFICE
NON - DEOICATEO a WITH
INCOMING REMOTE TESTING

££?H,2?Y BATTEHY T0 2UTMI! ANO OBSERVE THAT RELAY (TMI)
OPERATES IN 35-115 SECONDS, USING A STOP- WATCH, SWEEP- SECOND
WATCH OH EQUIVALENT.

10. BLOCK RELAY (NCI) .IF PROVIDED .AND OBSERVE THAT RELAY (TMI)
OPERATES IN 11-13 SECONDS.

LINK AND CONTROLLER CKT fA/O. / CS8R I aff
'SNA!. SEC CrfTfSCO PA,VEL)OR P/NAL S£L
CKT /'SCO PA/VELJ OR CO/VAf MVL.T/PLB {SXSV
fSEE MOTE SOS)

RESISTANCE VALUES ARE IN OHMS.
CAPACITANCE VALUES ARE IN N I CROFARAOS ,
VALUES PRECEOED BY THE SYMBOL ♦ (PLUS)
OR - (MINUS) ARE IN VOLTS.

THE OIAL TONE DETECTOR IS COMPOSED OF TWO STAGES OF AMPLIFICATION.
A RECTIFIER, AND A DRIVES STAGE. WITH -43V APPLIED TO TERMINAL
"H" ANO MO INPUT TO TERMINAL "U» THE VOLTAGE AT TP2 IS APPROXI-
MATELY -26V OC, THE VOLTAGE AT TPT IS APPROXIMATELY -15V DC, ANO
THE VOLTAGE AT TERMINAL "A* WHEN CONNECTED THROUGH A 2500 OHM RELAY
(OR EQUIVALENT) TO -43V DC IS -48V DC. WITH A SINE WAVE OF 4*00 HI
AT 200 MV PEAK-TQ-PEAX APPLIED TO TERMINAL "U», THE SIGNAL AT TP2
IS APPROXIMATELY 2V AC PEAK-TO-PEAK AND THE SIGNAL AT T*l IS
APPROXIMATELY iV AC PEAK-TO-PEAK. CAPACITORS CI ANO C2 CHARGE
THROUGH CR1 DURING THE NEGATIVE SWINGS OF COLLECTOR Q2 UNTIL THE
CHARGE IS SUFFICIENT TQ OVERCOME THE 31AS, DUE TO RVt ANO SV2,
ON Qt. qi WHEN OPERATED WILL OPERATE THE RELAY CONNECTEO TO '
TERMINAL"!", qi WILL REMAIN OPERATED UNTIL THE INPUT SIGNAL IS
REMOVED FROM TERMINAL U. qi OPERATES !N APPROXIMATELY 400 MS
FROM APPXlCATTON ON THE INPUT ST5HAL AT «T/V. ~

UHICH CAN 3E CALLED THE MAKE CONTACT START. THE 3REAK CONTACT
START. AND THE EARLY 3REA< MCKE START.

THE CIRCUIT PACK EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
TERMINAL I CONNECTS THROUGH THE TirHNG RESISTANCE^) TO GROUND;
TERMINAL 2 CONNECTS TO lite MAKE PORTION OF THE START CONTACT
WITH ITS -IXED PORTION CONNECTED TO -43V: TERMINAL 2 ALSO
CONNECTS '0 ONE TERMINAL C'F THE OUTPUT RELAT WITH ITS OTHER
TERMINAL CONNECTED TO TERMINAL 6: TERMINALS 5 AND 7 CONNECT
TO -43V SATTERY; TERMINAL * IS VACANT; TERMINAL 5 IS GROUNDED.

WITH THE START CONTACT NORMAL. TRANSISTORS (Q1),(Q2) AND (QJ) ARE-
FORWARO 3IASED AN3 IN THEIR "ON". STATE. EVEN THOUGH (Q3) IS ON,
THE OUTPUT RELAr CANNOT OPERATE 3ECAUSE ITS OPERATE PATH CONTAINS
THE NORMAL START CONTACT.

WHEN THE START CONTACT CLOSES, THE TERMINAL 2 SIDE OF CAPACITOR (Ct )
WHICH WAS GROUNO POTENTIAL CHANGES TO -43V CAUSING THE POTENTIAL
AT THE TERMINAL t SIOE OF (C1 ) TO CHANGE FROM APPROXIMATELY -46V TO
-94V. THIS REVERSE 31ASES (01) WHICH CAUSES (02) AND (Q3) TO TURN
OFF. THE OPERATE PATH OF THE OUTPUT RELAY IS NOW ESTABLISHED 3'JT
SINCE (03) IS OFF THE RELAY OOES NOT OPERATE.

CAPACITOR (CD STARTS DISCHARGING TQWARCS GROUND THROUGH THE
EXTERNAL CHARGING RESISTOR. WHEN TERMINAL 1 REACHES APPROXIMATELY
-46V, TRANSISTORS (Ql ) AND (Q2) ANO" DIODE (CR2) ARE FORWARO 3IASE0
SUFFICIENTLY TO CONDUCT. THIS CAUSES (Q3) TO TURN ON, OPERATING THE
OUTPUT RELAY.

WHEN THE START CONTACT IS OPENED THE TERMINAL 2 SIDE OF (CI) STARTS
TO CHARGE FROM -43V TO GROUfiJ ANO THE OUTPUT RELAY RELEASES 3ECAUSE
ITS OPERATE PATH IS OPENED 3Y THE OPEN START CONTACT. THE CHARGING
PATH IS THROUGH (R1), (R5), AND THE FORWARD 3IASE0 JUNCTIONS OF (qt),
(CR2) AND (Q2). THE CIRCUIT IS NOW COMPLETELY RECYCLED ANO REAOY FOR
ANOTHER START SIGNAL. THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN THE START SIGNAL ANO
THE TIME WHEN THE OUTPUT RELAY STARTS TU OPERATE IS t * 0.715RC £5*
WHEN iJ* COMPONENTS ARE -USED AS * ANO C. THE MAXIMUM- VALUE- OF- (R> IS-
4.33 MEG. CAPACITANCE CAN 3E AODED FOR ADDITIONAL TIME 3Y CONNECTING
CAPACITORS 3ETWEEN TERMINALS 1 AND 2.

THE CIRCUIT ?V. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: TERMINAL I
CONNECTS TO THE 3REAK PORTION OF THE START CONTACT WITH ITS FIXED
PORTION CONNECTED TO -43V; TERMINAL 1 ALSO CONNECTS THROUGH THE
TIMING RESISTANCE (R) TO GROUND; TERMINAL 2 CONNECTS TO TERMINAL 3:
TERMINAL 3 CONNECTS TO A -24V VOLTAGE DIVIDER; TERMINAL 4 IS VACANT;
TERMINAL 5 IS GROUNDED; TERMINAL 6 CONNECTS TO ONE TERMINAL OF THE
OUTPUT RELAY WITH THE OTHER TERMINAL CONNECTED TO -43V. TERMINAL T
CONNECTS "0 -43V 3ATTERY.

WITH THE START CONTACT NORMAL, (Qt ) IS REVERSE BIASED KEEPING (q2)
ANO (03) OFF. THE OUTPUT RELAY IS THEREFORE, NORMAL.

WHEN THE START CONTACT IS OPENED, THE TERMINAL 1 SIOE OF (CI) WHICH
WAS AT -43V STARTS TO DISCHARGE TOWARDS GROUND THROUGH THE EXTERNAL
TIMING RESISTOR (R) ANO THE EQUIVALENT SOURCE RESISTANCE OF THE -24V
VOLTAGE OIVIOFR. (Ql ),(CR2), (02) AND (q3) START TO CONDUCT WHEN THE
TERMINAL I SIOE OF (Ct ) REACHES APPROXIMATELY -22V. AS CURRENT
FLOWS INTO THE EQUIVALENT SOURCE RESISTANCE OF THE OIVIOER AT
TERMINAL 3, THAT POINT BECAME MORE POSITIVE WHEN -24V. THIS CHANGE
IS REFLECTED THROUGH (CI), TURNING (Ql ) ON QUICKLY BY MEANS OF
POSITIVE FEEDBACK. THE OUTPUT RELAY OPERATES WHEN (q3) SATURATES.

WHEN THE START CONTACT CLOSES, (CI) DISCHARGES THROUGH THE EQUIVALENT
RESISTANT OF THE VOLTAGE DIVIDER, BACK BIASES (qi ) WHICH TURNS OFF ■
(Q2). (Q3) AND RELEASES THE OUTPUT RELAY. AFTER THE TERMINAL 2 SIDE
OF (CI) RETURNS TO -24V, THE CIRCUIT IS COMPLETELY RECYCLED ANO
REAOY FOR ANOTHER START SIGNAL,

THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN THE START SIGNAL ANO THE TIME WHEN THE
OUTPUT RELAY STARTS TO OPERATE IS t ■. 0./-/-5RC ;5* WHEN JIV

DEPENOENT ON THE RESISTANCE VALUE OF THE VOLTAGE. DIVIDER, 3UT IN
GENERAL IS ABOUT 1.93 IEG IF THE VOLTAGE DIVIDER USES RESISTORS
OF LESS THAN ADO OHMS RESISTANCE. CAPACITANCE CAN BE AODED TO
INCREASE TH E TIKE 1N TERKRL AS IN Hit MAKE CONTACT START.

THE CIRCUIT PACK EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: TERMINAL T
CONNECTS THROUGH THE TIMING RESISTANCE (R) TO 3R0UN0- TERMINAL 1
ALSO CONNECTS TO THE BREAK PORTION OF THE START CONTACT WITH ITS
FIXED PORTION CONNECTEO TO -43V; TERMINAL 2 CONNECTS TO THE MAKE
PORTION OF THE START CONTACT: TERMINAL 2 ALSO CONNECTS TO ONE
TERMINAL OF THE OUTPUT RELAY WITH ITS OTHER -TERMINAL CONNECTEO TO
TERMINAL 6; TERMINALS 3 ANO 7 CONNECT TO -43V BATTERY- TERMINAL 4
IS VACANT; TERMINAL 5 IS GROUNDED.

WITH THE START CONTACT NORMAL, TRANSISTOR (qt ) IS REVERSE BIASED
ANO TRANSISTORS (q2) ANO (q3) ARE IN THE OFF STATE.

WHEN THE START CONTACT CLOSES, THE TERMINAL 2 SIDE OF CAPACITOR (CI),
WHICH WAS AT GROUND POTENTIAL, CHANGES TO -43V CAUSING THE POTENTIAL*
AT THE TERMINAL I SIDE OF (CT ) TO CHANGE FROM -43V TO -96V. CAPACITOR
(CI) STARTS DISCHARGING TOWARDS GROUNO THROUGH THE EXTERNAL CHARGING
RESISTOR. WHEN TERMINAL 1 REACHES APPROXIMATELY -46V, TRANSISTORS
(31) ANO (02) ANO DIODE (CR2) ARE FORWARO BIASED SUFFICIENTLY TO
CONDUCT. THIS CAUSES TRANSISTOR (q3) TO TURN ON, OPERATING THE
OUTPUT RELAY.

WHEN THE START CONTACT IS OPENED THE TERMINAL 2 SIDE OF (CI) STARTS TO
CHARGE FROM -43V TO GROUND ANO THE OUTPUT RELAY RELEASES BE'AUSE ITS
OPERATE PATH IS OPENED 3Y THE OPEN START CONTACT. THE CHARGING PATH
IC THROUGH THE CLOSED 3ACK PORTION OF THE START. .CONWCT. JO . rflBX. '

THE CIRCUIT IS NOW COMPLETELY RECYCLED ANO REAOY FOR ANOTHER START
SIGNAL. THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN THE START SIGNAL ANO THE TIME
WHEN THE OUTPUT RELAY STARTS TO OPERATE IS t = 0.736 RC »5* WHEN
ill COMPONENTS ARE USED AS R ANO C. THE .MAXIMUM VALUE OF (R) IS
4.33 MEG. CAPACITANCE CAN 3E AOQED FOR ADDITIONAL TIME BY CON-
NECTING CAPACITORS BETWEEN TERMINALS 1 ANO 2.

CAPACITANCE VALUES ARE IN MICROFARADS,
VALUES PRECEDED BY THE SYMBOL ♦ (PLUS)
OR - (MINUS) ARE IN VOLTS.

Common Systems / Far End Test Trunk or Line Circuit / For Remote Testing from Local Test Desk


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cA Disest of
High Frequency? Electric
Currents
Their eNature and cAdions

Professor of Static Electricity, International Correspon-
dence Schals, 1898-1903; Founder and Chief Instructor,

Medicine, 1895-1900; Editor of ° ‘Journal of Treat-
ment,”’ 1904-1905; Author of‘ ‘A Pictorial System
of THeLeaCHON for Physicians in X-Ray Methods
and Medical Uses of Light, Flot-Air, Vibra-
tion and High Frequency Currents” , Man-
ual of Static Electricity i in X-Ray and The-
mapeufic Uses,”’ “Treatment of Disease

lectrie Currents,”’ ‘‘Elements of
Goer Technique in Electro-Thera-
peutics,’ ‘Electricity i in Health and

Medical Electricity,’’ ithe Cure
of Writers’ Cramp,” ‘The
Modern Light Bath and

Manufacturers of the World. Renowned
Vi-Ray-O High Frequency Outfits for
the Home and Practisin3 Physicians

Also Owners of Copyright on
“High Frequency Currents in Medicine
and Dentistry”’
By S. H. Monet, M. D.

“High Frequency Currents” to the thinking
public we believe a word in explanation may
not be amiss. The American X-Ray Journal in
speaking of the author has said “Dr. Monell is
regarded. as one of the foremost thinkers of the

done more for static electricity than any other
living man. His voluminous writings have made
for him a living history. His books on the uses
of electric currents . . . in electro-thera-
peutics have had an enormous sale. As author,
teacher, scholar, he is at the top.”

As manufacturers of High Frequency Outfits
for both the home and practicing physicians it

High Frequency. It has been so long misunder-
stood or so little understood that we believe it
high time that the public be better informed of
its real mission and value.

We know of no better way to accomplish this
aim than by putting this volume of excerpts from
Monell into your hands. You will find it at once
scientific, informative and intensely interesting.

We have not taken up the application of High
Frequency to specific diseases in this book. But
to those who are interested we shall be glad to
send our treatise on the subject upon application.

When you have read this volume we should be
glad to have you pass it along to some interested
friend. Or, if you will send us the names of friends

whom you know are interested we shall be glad
to send them copies of “The Truth About ft Hien

Manufacturers of the World Renowned ‘‘V1-Ray-O”’
High Frequency Outfits for the Home and Practicing
Es.

beneath a Tree, and the Animals gathered
in discussion. One said, “What is the Box the
Man has?” “It 1s a Mystery,” said Another.
“No one Knows What it is; It is Very Eyes
rious!” said they all. ©

Hour before you came,” “It is in its Infancy,”
said the Cautious Turtle, “and Should be Thor-
oughly Investigated.” “I long ago Abandoned

Roebuck; ‘“‘And I,’’ echoed the Buffalo; ‘And
I,’ Chimed the Chorus of Independent Scientists
in the Back Seats.

“It is a Music Box,” spoke the Conservative
Owl who was Up a Tree. “What will it Play?”
asked the Lion. ‘“‘A Whole Lot,’ answered the
Owl, who had Traveled and heard Paganini and
Ole Bull.

“I Do Not Believe Tt,” said the Animal from
Alice’s Wonderland. “It is entirely Empty, it
Cannot Make a Sound,” said One who stepped

‘Close and Looked into It; while another gave
the Box a Knock and Confirmed his Colleague’s

“Let us Try it,” said the Kangaroo, whose wits
had been Remarkably Sharpened. “Yes! Let
Us Try It,” said they All; but on Reflection the
Conservative. said, ““We do not Accept it as a
Universal Orchestra: it Has not been Scientifi-
cally Demonstrated as Yet.”

At length Several Extremists, noted for
Pursuit of the New, exclaimed with Enthusiasm,
‘““We have No prejudice Against Scientific Music;
Let Us Try It!’

So the Moo-Cow rubbed the Strings of the
Violin. with her Nose, and they Moaned; the
Elephant drew his Trunk across the Strings and
they Groaned; the Hippopotamus Gently Stroked
them with Her Tail, and they Wailed; and at the
Scratch of the Leopard’s Claws they gave a
Sharp little High-Pitched Cry.

an Orchestrion,’’ declared the Close Observer
who had Watched the Proceedings with Profes-

sional Distrust of the Exaggerated Claims Being -
Made on Every Hand. Taking this Cue, “It is
Obviously a Quack Thing!” called the Owl from

“I do not Regard it as a Giasticutus,”’ uttered
the Deprecatory Voice of a Critic, and All Agreed
that its Value was Greatly Overestimated by
Enthusiasts. “As it will not play Every Tune we
Cannot Unqualifiedly Endorse it as an Unfailing
Harmonicum,”’ was the Sage Verdict of the Wise»
in the Convention.

: Thus it was Demonstrated by the Most
Scientific Tests (and was the Consensus of
Scientific Opinion among the Leading Animals,.

especially Among the Older and Superior Heads)
that “the Alleged Orchestra (or So-called Uni-
versal Music Machine) while AdmittedlySugges-

not Recommended. The Few Sounds it can make
are such only with Respect to a few Notes, and
these of No Great Consequence or Significance.”

This Preliminary Report was therefore Sub-
mitted to the Convention by the Committee of
Investigation and Approved and Carried.

evening at the opera house entranced an immense
audience by his interpretations of Beethoven,

N a plain and soeuale way this book
| will aim to show what high frequency cur-
rents of electricity can do.

Their value in many acute and chronic condi-
tions which are common in medical practice
has become so marked that mere acquaintance
with the results obtained by others should
prompt a desire to employ them by all who
read of their work.

If the equivalent of this great pain reliever,
antiseptic, and promoter of metabolism, had
been a new serum, or antitoxin; or some psychic
fad half pseudo-science and half quack religion,

far-reaching for good than exploited catarrh and
cough cures, and vaunted “vegetable com-
pounds’, and all the combined “best sellers’’ of
patent medicine factories, in which the Ameri-
can Public invests some hundred million dollars

happens to be only one phase of an electric
current, modest, reticent and conservative, the

scientific investigation; and so it has patiently
crept into quiet recognition during. the past

and there, and more in Europe than here, yet
never losing ground once made, ever gaining in-

When street lighting by electricity was in-
troduced a generation ago, the currents employed
and the only commercial currents known, shot
through their circuits like streaks of searing
flame, so “heavy” in quantity that a live wire
would destroy life almost as quickly as a stroke
of lightning. They were “‘dangerous’’ currents,
and workmen touched them carefully, or were
careless at their imminent risk

the fame of it would have swept around the ~
world in three months. But this remedy—more_

On a memorable night in May, 1891, Nikola
Tesla, the Slav, young and enthusiastic, with a
poet’s mind and the aspirations of genius, stood
before the American Institute of Electrical En-
gineers and lighted lamps with currents passing
harmlessly through his own body and _ heated
wires to incandescence by the touch of his
conducting hand.

With smiling countenance and without phy-
sical sensation he placed himself in circuits that
by all the laws of alternating or continuous
currents should have brought the lecture to a
close by the death of the daring lecturer. Yet
he went sweeping on, astonishing his audience
by demonstration after demonstration of un-
familiar discharges, new-born into electrical
science and christened with the name “High
Frequency.” That lecture sent the fame of
Tesla around the world. | |

It was the beginning of the wireless wonders
of telegraphy and telephony, and the flight of
harnessed motor power through the air; and
it created a new weapon for the healing art.
Now, what was it that Tesla had done to
the ordinary “heavy” current that robbed it of
danger and produced its extraordinary charac-

‘teristics? In the simplest words, he had prac-
tically nebulized it with a transforming atomi-

discharge of mist, transformed the thick flow of
low-voltage current into a myriad of minute
particles of tremendously high voltage, imparted
to the primary low-pressure volume of the street
mains the penetrating velocities of hails of
miniature bullets. These alterations in the
character of the commercial current made pos-
sible its new actions. 1

In transforming the primary current into
high-frequency discharges Tesla took from it

lost its electrolytic energy, it would no longer
exert the same power through the same motor,
it ceased to sear and burn in its track, and con-
tact with it no longer struck the muscles with a
paralyzing and deadly shock.

To comprehend the change is to grasp the
explanation of the effects. We can fancy a man
beneath a falling cliff, crushed by the mass and
stunned to instant death. But if, by an in-
genious devicé, the mass in falling becomes
finely pulverized and drifts down upon the man
in a cloud of dust, we can imagine that he will
still stand erect and can move in and out of the
cloud harmlessly. —

analogous transformation in the relations of
the elementary component phenomena of the
current he employed. With its greatly multi-
plied pressure raised from 110 volts to hundreds
of thousands, it easily broke the bonds of ordi-
nary insulators, moved on open circuit and dis-
charged from a single pole. :

With particles now infinitely smaller than our
blood-corpuscles or the pores of the skin, it
passed through the body as sunbeams pour
through a keyhole, not stopping anywhere long
enough to set up ordinary sensation or stimu-
late any muscle-fibre to contract.

But the gentlest dew feeds plants with
moisture and grass grows rank in fogs as well
as in the rain. A mist will saturate the leaves
of flowers and furnish drink to thirsty soil:
and this nebulous, all penetrating, tremendously
energetic but marvelously gentle high fre-
quency current will saturate the human tissues
from head to foot and feed them with potential
vitality from which a new increase of physiolo-
gical nourishment is derived.

The mechanical devices which regulate am-
perage, voltage, interruption, and resistance,
in medical currents of electricity, have now
added to these common and fundamental factors
of dosage the fifth and revolutionary factor of
‘frequency.’ And it is this new factor acting

phase of electricity the properties which enable
the average person to use it in ways that
obtain certain therapeutic results which were
previously unknown. 7 :

This word “frequency” is a distinctly modern
term. The galvanic current does not. alternate
between positive and negative poles, and
hence has no “frequency”. The term is not
applied to faradic currents at all. They are
“Interrupted”? currents which are relatively
low in the scale of volume, voltage, and number
of breaks per second. The alternating street
current for light and power is usually a 110
volt, 60 cycle current, oscillating only 120
times per second, and this low rate does not
call for distinctive consideration.

But when alterations rise above 10,000
per second and voltage mounts beyond the |

put such currents into a class by themselves
and they are called “currents of high frequency
and high potential.”

They can be made to attain a voltage above
a million and a frequency above fifty billions
per second, but with these extremes their
medical actions diminish and in practical use ~
a range of from 5,000 to 500,000 and frequencies
between 200,000 and ten million is employed.

Treatment with this agent presents one novel
feature not formerly employed with any other
medical current; namely, the administration
through a Geissler vacuum tube electrode. The
glass and the vacuum act as a “resistance”’
which, inserted at the end of metallic conduc-
tion, acts upon the current something as the
resistance of the small outlet against which
a vigorous pressure drives the fluid from the
bottle of an atomizer—it atomizes it. It turns
the denser current into a spray discharge.

It has long been the plaint of the scornful
that “we do not know what electricity is’’,
and there has been a.demand from such that
we should have a definition in set words—as,
a cane is a stick; or a quart is two pints—before
their confidence could be asked by this agent.

We shall present the modern accepted defini-
tion of electricity in a moment, but first take
heat—common, familiar heat. The Century
Dictionary defines heat as “the energy of
molecular motion.” It seems plain, but let a
stranger from the north pole who has never
felt heat enough to know it, take this definition
home with him—what help would he get out of
it? Could he search, anywhere around him and
identify the “energy of molecular motion”
close enough to tell his wife what to use it for?
What help is the definition of heat to the cook?
or to the blacksmith? or to us?

The fact is, that in doing the world’s work we
use the tools at hand first, and scholars sit down
and define them afterwards. It may be doubted
today if one in a thousand of the highly educated
surgeons who daily use a steel knife know what
iron ore is, or can define it. We have lately
read that no one knows. If that is true, the
incomputable millions of tools made out of

iron ore and used without a definition make.
the alleged need of a definition: of electricity -

the perusal of it should leave no further objec-
tion to the employment of electric currents.

theory some years ago, the conception of science
that electricity consists of electrons, the electron
corpuscle being the structural unit of all the

phenomena of matter and energy, the smallest
entity in existence, complete in itself. —

The. corpuscle electrons repel each other,
but form alliances, and when they unite in
groups of from 800 electrons up to 200,000
these groups constitute the atoms of the various
chemical elements, seventy-odd in all, which
make up the known forms of matter. The
number of electrons in a given group (the 800
group is the hydrogen atom) determines its
physical and chemical properties and its atomic
weight, through all the solids, fluids and gases
of the material world.

These units (each one being a corpuscle of
negative electricity) are held in the harmonious
relations of their atomic grouping by the at-
tracting force of positive electricity; for, just
as every magnet and each part of a magnet
down to the smallest, has a north and south
pole and every stick two ends, so every electrical
charge has two signs—positive and negative.

and negative signs are the essence of electronic
phenomena in all their manifestations.

This double property of electrons makes them
sources of matter and sources of force as well,
the dissociation of stable forms of matter fur-
nishing the intrapatomic energy of the unstable
forms of matter: which we call heat, light,
electricity, etc. |

Science now deems that manifestations of
what we call energy are vibrating waves dis-
charged from electrons acting individually or in
collected units. These waves propagate with
different lengths, swiftness, frequency, etc.,
ranging all the way from the infinitely limited

of solid metals up to the nearly 2-quadrillion
vibrations per second of the highest ascertained

Therefore, according to the most advanced
thinkers of present-day science, the primitive
world-forming unit is the electron, and electri-
city itself (in particular) is the specific form of
the agitation of electrons which manifests itself
in decomposition, magnetism, heat, light, etc,—
and measured by the total kinetic energy of such
agitation. 7

absorb wisdom of Sunday Edition Symposiums
on wonderful things are wont to stigmatize

electricity as “mysterious”, and as a claim to
credit and proof of their own superiority; they |

thus besmirch its character and place it in the
list of those who are no better than they. should
be. This is keeping electricity back. But in
the light of nature’s physical laws it possesses
the same mystery as fire, water, wind, acid,
alkali, friction, cold, grass, atmospheric pres-
sure, or a beefsteak; but no more.

through the development of instruments of re-
finement which commenced with the first gal-
vanometer of the late great genius, Lord Kelvin,
that still further advance in delicacy of research
and yet undiscovered apparatus will, in due
time, determine the exact electrical conditions
of physiologic activity in man, and will enable
us to command and apply to the diseased

energy required by nature to restore to normal
the physiologic balance of the cellular functions,
the particular unbalancing of which is mani-
festing itself as a disease. |

posted reader suspects—and we need not neglect
the potent resources of the present while wait-
ing for the revelations of the coming twenty
years. 3 |

Electricity will some day stand revealed to
patients and physicians alike, as the most
variously helpful and faithful servant ever
heaven-sent to earth to be the hand-maiden
of the healing art. | |

The word “physical”? means “pertaining to
nature or to the body.”’ The word “‘physiolo-
gic” signifies, “pertaining to the normal (nat-
ural) functions of the body and organs.” The
applications of the one to the other—going on
all the time in the human organism—is nature’s
way of keeping us alive and well. Mechanical
instruments for intensifying and directing dosage
and action permit us to copy nature’s own
means to an important and growing extent.

what skill we can, some knowledge of nature’s
internal processes is necessary, and as a key

Internal electrical stimuli of various wave
lengths are known to excite not only the func-
tions of motor nerves and to induce the con-
traction of muscle-fibres, but they also operate

driven. It was once ridiculed, but now it is so
plain that it is obvious that no other means of

applied to the internal human mechanism.
Steam or compressed air certainly could not,
nor could a clock spring be wound up to ad-
vantage within the* intricate organism of the
body. Yet, something must act as a motive
power to maintain the ceaseless motion of living
cells or they would no longer be living cells—
they would be stilled in death. . oe

The electron theory of vibrations more and
more throws light upon the once dark places of
physiology. It is held that different nerve
centers and different cells are tuned to impress-
ions of different wave lengths, as in wireless
telegraphy a tuned receiver will respond only
to a similarly tuned impulse. Many years ago
inductive reasoners argued that electricity and
what they called ‘‘vital force” were identical,
but for lack of modern instruments of demon-
stration the early physiologists rejected the
idea that electricity and life had much in
common. Now it is accepted that the workers
of the body, the tireless energies of living matter,
every cell and nerve in. the breathing engine
called man, sustain their marvellous toil under
an electric drive.

The old aphorism that “‘labor is life’’ is ex-
panded to disclose that electricity is the laborer
which distributes the released energy of our
foods, the combustion of which in the system
by union which oxygen supplies the initial fuel
and the heat for conversion into force—phe-
nomena very closely analogous to the conver-
sion of heat into force by the combustion of fuel
in the. steam engine and the generation of
electricity by the engine-driven dynamo.

The elementary tissues of which the body
and its organs are built up consist of four
structural groups—epithelial, connective, mus-
cular, and nervous. The supreme importance

of the organism, the growth of the body from
cells, the dictum of Virchow, “‘every cell from

cells respond to electrical stimuli. ;
The power that certain tissues possess of re-
sponding by some change to the action of an
external agent—taking up the external energy
and transforming it into their own energy—is
called “‘irritability” or “‘excitability”, and this
power is especially manifested in which blood-
corpuscles, ciliated epithelium, muscle-fibres,

nerves, and the secreting glands. ‘The agent
which thus acts is called a. stimulus. Such
physical stimuli may be ‘mechanical, chemical,
thermic, or electrical, and they are regarded as

“‘liberators of energy.” As the disturbance of
irritable structures by a stimulus is some form

Living material is in a continual state of un-
stable chemical equilibrium,. building ‘itself up
on the one hand, breaking down on the other,
and the term used to express the sum total of
these intra-molecular re- arrangements is metal-

sesses the power of breathing, that is, taking in
oxygen; of nutrition, of building itself up from
food materials; of excretion, or the getting rid
of waste material; but the most obvious char-
acteristic of most cells is their power of move-
ment: —

The phe deal energy of these powers of cells
can be acted upon by the directed energies of
physical agents; and beneficially so when
applied in accordance with the physical laws
of life. The protoplasm is therefore sensitive
or irritable to stimuli, and shows its irritability
by contraction or movement of its mass.

Moderate heat acts. as stimulant. Weak
electrical currents stimulate the movement of
cells, while during the passage of a strong cur-
rent the cells assume a spherical form and be-
come motionless. When a gentle current is
passed through water in which a number of
tadpoles are swimming about they are seen
to all fall in line and head in the direction of
the current-flow. The relation of cells to

especially electricity and light-rays, has been
recently very extensively studied. Cells move

Cells must eat to live, and we know that
electricity can promote appetite. .They are
nourished in the following way: When the
blood is circulating through the thin-walled
smallest blood-vessels certain of its fluid con-

through the minute orifices which exist for this
purpose, otherwise our digested foods could
not reach the cells. The fluid part of the blood
which thus leaves it to be eaten by the cells is

During life the blood is in constant movement
—circulating; leaving the heart by large arteries
which divide into diminishing branches and
reach their smallest size in thin-walled micro-
scopic capillary hairs of vessels which leak out
the lymph nutriment to the tissue-elements
and remove from them the waste products of
their activity, namely, the ashes left from the
combustion of food-fuels burned up in the body
in work.

The ashes are carried to the various excretory
organs to be eliminated, and the excess of lymph,
minus its deposited food materials, is collected
again by lymphatic vessels which converge to
the main thoracic duct which opens into the
large veins near the heart. The lymphatic
portion of the blood and the main blood stream
returned from the arterial capillaries by the
veins, now join in the heart and with fresh
cargoes of oxygen and nutriment begin the
same wonderful round all over again.

The blood is saline, faintly alkaline, a perfect
electrolyte in itself, and is one of the best con-
ductors of electric currents, after metals. By
means of rightly directed electricity we can
cause it to increase its intake and output of
oxygen, accelerate osmosis (a most important
factor in nutritional exchanges in all parts of
the body), can also increase or decrease the
amount and rate of blood-flow through a given
part, and in some degree regulate the blood-
pressure when it is either abnormally low or
high. ‘These responses to electrical stimuli are
exceedingly ‘useful.

Almost every woman is aware that she has
“nerves” and some of the teachings of physio-
logy about them will assist us to understand and
relieve a good many “nervous’’ conditions.

The central stations of our two-fold nervous
system are the nerve cells in the nerve centers
of the brain and spinal cord, and the ganglia of
the sympathetics. Our voluntary activities are
dominated by the cerebro-spinal centers, and
“preside over the processes
of functions which are beyond direct control of
our will. When we speak of centers we mean
central cells; when we speak of nerves we mean
simply the nerve-fibres which are the conduct-
ing portion of the nervous system. There are
two directions that impulses must be carried—

from the surface to central ‘cells. The afferent
nerves (those which conduct impulses from
centers to other parts of the body) are classified
according to function, as follows: |

1. Motor nerves, which supply muscles and
muscle-tissues in the walls of arteries and
intestines.

2: Accelerator. nerves,’ which control in-
creases in the rate of rhythmical action,
an example being the accelerators of the
heart.

its complete arrest. The inhibitory nerves
of the heart are a typical example, but
many of the involuntary muscles have
them also.

4. Secretory nerves, which supply secreting
glands, such as the salivary, gastric, and
sweat glands. A stimulus to one of these
nerves causes secretion in the gland it
supplies.

5. Trophic nerves, which preside over the
nutrition of the parts they supply.

When a nerve is stimulated the propagation
of some change is evident from the resulting
effects—movement, secretion, sensation, etc—
but the only alteration in a nerve which can
be readily detected as evidence of molecular
change is the electrical one. All tissues which
can be excited to their characteristic action by
a stimulus, have internally generated ‘“‘action-
currents” of electricity, those of nerves, mus-
cles, secreting glands, ciliated epithelium, having

Du Bois Reymond demonstrated that the
spinal cord, like the nerves, exhibits an electric
current. Gotch and Horsley investigated the
currents of the cord very thoroughly. Electro-
motive changes also occur during activity in
the cortex of the brain. In fact, throughout

without electricity. Atmospheric electrical dis-
charges occur on an enormous scale, as every
one knows but every one does not remember
that even the cleavage of atoms is an action
that results in an electrical discharge. Friction
produces electrical phenomena, and in every
direction we see the processes of nature identified
with electrical manifestations.

Waller regards the current of action of any
excitable tissue as an index of the magnitude
of action, and while we can see a muscle con-
tract and witness the results of secretion, yet
in a nerve the only available index we can dem-
onstrate is the electrical sign of activity.

serves: “This phenomenon of a negative elec-
trical condition traveling over the nerve or
muscle and giving us an. active current when
led off through a galvanometer is of the greatest
physiological importance, particularly in_ the
study of nerves. It is an invariable sien of the
passage of an excitation, or nerve impulse. A
nerve cannot enter into activity without show-
ing an electrical current, that is, a moving
electrical charge.”
_ The actions of tissues may nee In response to
a direct nerve stimulus or to a reflected nerve
impulse. The latter action ‘is called “‘reflex.’’
It starts from a stimulus applied to the terminal
filaments of sensory nerves on the surface of
the body (or a nerve of special sense), travels
inward to its central station and there propa-
gates an outward impulse which sets up its
action in the tissues that the “outward” con-
necting nerves supply. Thus deep organs as
well as superficial tissues can be influenced by
reflex action. | |

In medicine the theme of the reflexes is won-
derfully fruitful of inspiration to the student of
both medical and physical therapy. It is a
great field for the application of the teachings of
physical. The skin is full of starting points of
reflex action and the entire skin is accessible
to our reach. Modern scientific hydro-therapy
is wholly the utilization of reflexes. Every good —
treatise on materia medica and therapeutics
contains a section devoted to treatment by
counter-irritation.”’ Electric currents can be
easily dosed and directed in their discharges so
as to become the swiftest, best and most “effec:
tive or counter-irritant agents in the whole of
medicine. And that is only one phase of their
comprehensive usefulness.

Professor Elihu Thomson says: “I am quite
convinced that ether is the electrical medium,
light and radiant heat electrical, and the chem-
ical and mechanical properties of matter in all
probability electrical in essence; that matter —
itself is an electrical phenomenon.” .

Physiology states that the elements found in
the body are carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sul-
phur, © phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, iodine,

silicon, sodium, potassium, calcium, lithium,
iron, manganese, copper and lead. From this
supply Nature has ample choice from which to
equip her infinitely miniature “‘chemical cells.”
A battery cell the size of a thimble can generate
enough current to cable an impulse across the

_It is therefore no longer difficult to compre-
hend the sources of internal self-generated, or

tude to act as stimuli for the protoplasm and
as conductors of impulses from nerve centers
to all parts of the body.

Physiology has-long stated that the human
body is a great “electrolyte” (which means,
“any substance decomposable by electricity’’)
and from this knowledge to its logical sequence
that having the requisite conditions for the
liberation and action of electric currents we
therefore have the natural result, must be the
unavoidable conclusion of science.

There is no doubt that Nature has the cur-
rents for use in the living body. The question
is, ‘What does she do with them?”’

Skepticism and prejudice against high fre-
quency electricity can mostly be resolved down
to a case of “I didn’t know’ on the part of
the non-posted majority. Admiration for this
very exquisite ally of medicine increases with
one’s knowledge about it, and the authoritative
facts cannot fail to impress even the most un-
informed with the magnitude and dignity of
this physiologic agent. ;

Life Phenomena and Electricity
Continued
From nerves to muscles is a natural step.
Muscle, the flesh of the body, makes up 42
per cent of our weight. Its great physiological!

function is contraction, with the disuse of which
all other functions stop. With the normal

exercise of muscle-function all functions flourish
and strength grows.

Muscle undergoes many changes when it
contracts. The chemical changes are more
energetic than at rest and more heat is pro-
duced. and its temperature rises. It also under-
goes a change in its normal electrical condi-
tion. It first becomes electro-positive and then
falls back to electro-negative, and in a succes-
sion of contractions (in all our work and move-

In the living animal, muscles are always in a
state of “‘tonus,’’ ready to contract when called
on without losing time or energy in taking up
slack. This important tonus is under the
control of the nervous system, and it can be
“toned up’ (when weakened) by an electric
current externally re-inforcing its own. We
may demonstrate the immediate action of this
by having a patient hold out his arm with a
weight in hand until it is ready to drop. With
the added tonus of an electric current he can

fatigue. In the treatment of debility no other
means of energizing muscles and nerves, and
thereby invigorating all other functions, can
be compared with high-frequency electricity.

consist in an increased consumption of oxygen,
and an increased production of heat by oxida-
tion, together with an increased output of waste
materials. By electrical exercise of muscles we
favorably affect the activity and amount of
these chemical changes. The extraordinary
physiologic beauties of the skilled exercise of
muscles by this tonic stimulus and promoter of
all functions, remain for the most part to the
medical profession and the public, as the Garden
of the Hesperides to a host of blind men. Yet
in health or disease we may benefit by it.
' To every person who has ever been “tired”’
the subject of fatigue, or the way to get rid of
it, possesses intrinsic interest. We are apt to
say that our muscles or our nerves are tired,
but that is not so, as we shall now see.

The sense of fatigue in a muscle as the result
of prolonged work is due to the combustion
(burning up) of the substances available for the
supply of energy in the muscle—but more
acutely due in particular to the accumulation
of waste products of contractions, which collect
faster than they are carried out of the tissues.

By. the method of “graphic tracings’ the
“curve” of a. normal muscle is ascertained.

Fatigue gradually reduces the curve, prolongs
the latent period of relaxation, and it. carried
to the end, makes further efforts at contraction
impossible. . If the arm muscles have been thus
taxed the arm drops as if paralyzed and can

the heart: breaking and wage-destroying con-
dition that overtakes the telegraph operator
when he has ‘writers’ cramp. There are
fifty thousand cases of it in this country.

The question of absorbing interest 1s, where
is the seat of fatigue? The present writer
puzzled over this question for many years,
during which he personally treated more victims

siclan in this country. Is the fatigue in the
nerve, the muscle, or the end-plates?

By tests and processes of exclusion physiolo-
gists have determined (and our own practical

2. Theseat of exhaustion is not in the nerves.
This cuts out two of the three local possi-
bilities and there is only one left, there-
fore: :

4. The fatigue toxins (the products of muscle
metabolism during work) still more speed-
ily jade the nerve centers and diminish
their power to send out impulses. The

_ toxins than are the working ends of the
nerve-fibres, and hence they a are first to
express fatigue.

It is Nature’s way of protecting us from over-
doing. The chief waste products of muscle
work are carbonic acid and sarco-lactie acid.
Carbonic acid will stupefy any tissues that
breathe an excess of it. Carbonic acid poison-
ing is asphyxia, and persons overcome by gas
suffocate. It is a matter of common experience
that one’s mental state influences markedly the
onset of fatigue and the amount of muscular
work one can do.

What we call fatigue of our muscles is in
reality an expression of too much carbon dioxide
or carbonic acid in the motor centers, making
the cells dull with the heavy drowsiness of
narcotic. . The remedy is to drive out the toxins
and refresh the cells with oxygen, and fortu-
nately we can make electricity do this, and do
it easily and quickly.

The reason why the seat of fatigue is not in
the nerves is still better. It is practically im-
possible to fatigue nerves. Waller, the great
investigator of the nervous system, showéd that
nerves are not fatiguable, not because no

metabolic . hanes. occur in transmitting im-
pulses, but because the change is so slight
and the possibilities of repair so great—the re-
supply of energy so inexhaustible—that fatigue
in the ordinary sense of the word cannot be
demonstrated in nerves. [{t is demonstrable
only in the nerve cells of nerve centers. One
of the greatest physiologists remarks: “‘When
one considers how many of the nerves are in
constant action throughout life we should hardly
expect nerves to be peculiarly susceptible to real
fatigue’. This should be comforting to the
thousands of people who have been told that
they were suffering from “‘nervous prostra-
tion.’ It-is something else. 3

We now come to the great function of Res-
piration, of which a philosopher has said:
“You live as long as you breathe.”

In the central nervous system there is a small
district called the respiratory center which
gives out impulses that travel down the cord
to the spinal centers that innervate the muscles ©
of respiration. For breathing is a muscular
process and our lungs are enabled to breathe
only by the muscular work of their environ-
ment.

The importance of this physiological tack 4 in
this study of nature’s methods arises from the
readiness with which we can make high fre-
quency electric currents stimulate, energize,
and strengthen the contractions of every muscle
concerned in the respiratory mechanism.

In the vagus nerve are two sets of nerve fibres,
one of which increases the activity of inspira-
tion and the other of expiration. The vagus
can be readily stimulated by an electric current
and the function of respiration energizes. It is
one of the simplest things to do. » 7 |

respiratory muscles, re-establish their energy
in. debilitated states, enhance a diminished
breathing capacity to as near normal as the
essential damage (if any) to the air cells will
permit, and (when there is no organic damage)
completely and rapidly restore the whole me-
chanism—chest and lungs—to a sound state.
Examples of this action may be witnessed in
the treatment of all stages of ordinary bronchi-

pneumonia, and is also demonstrated with
great beauty in the treatment of incipient

tuberculosis. In any case of tuberculosis not
too far on the way to the third state, we may
at least offer the’ help that a fresh horse gives ce
tired team on a hill, and this uplift alone is
often the support and comfort of a few more
years of life. In grave, though an incurable dis-
ease, the help of high frequency electricity is
never to be despised. In purely functional in-
hibitions of part of the respiratory capacity we
have over and over again in scores of cases
made it release the center from its incubus and
restore full breathing power, almost as the crack
of a whip makes a small boy let go a hitch on
the back of a wagon.

High frequency currents can be made to
stimulate the functions and secretions of the
cells of glands, the impulses of nerves, and the
contraction and movements of muscle fibres.

under which nature carries it on can therefore
be influenced by high frequency electricity.
Mechanical excitation of the stomach pro-
duces no secretion of gastric juice but electrical
stimulation of the vagus nerve usually results
in an abundant secretion of the gastric juices.

Of late years we have heard much about
“Preventive Medicine.” To some it seems to
be the supreme mission of medical science, for
an ounce of prevention is held to be better than

But what is preventive medicine? It is not a
remote idyliic dream, nor altogether an ab-
struse problem in the higher mathematics of
sanitation that nobody can understand but the
Health Board. It is practical common sense.
It begins right at home. Every breath of fresh
air and every good square meal properly eaten
is preventive medicine. So is a pair of dry
stockings when the feet are wet.

Obviously, this is an important subject from
all standpoints. We think it possible to put
the gist of it in.a few words. Practice in-
telligent discretion and common sense in the
habits of daily life and always keep up to par.

_ But if the system falls below par promptly
restore its normal energies by the aid of high

frequency currents. Lastly, if disease ap-
proaches, threatens attack, or makes an assault
whether fierce or feeble, seek treatment at once.

The “refreshing” effect of a high frequency
current on the tired body has spread its repute

as a quick-rest tonic wherever it has been used.
Said a gentleman recently—a gentleman of |

solid proportions and dignified age—"*As the
results of using it lately I feel like throwing

a deep breath. I feel buoyant, exhilarated,
and like running and jumping.” And here we
have the keynote to the tonic action of this
agent and its power to neutralize fatigue. —
Sleep knits up the ravel’d sleeve of care and
is nature’s sweet restorer, but there are times

it can neither be forced nor condensed at will.
As to drugs, we know of no medical prescription
that antidotes fatigue.

As a mere demonstration of the power of a
high potential current to create the full sense of
physiological rest we have taken a desk-worker
at the limit of endurance, so fatigued and fidgety
that he could no longer push upon his brain,
applied a swift stimulus to the back of his
head and upper spine, and in less than the
lapse of three minutes he has been restored to
condition for renewed and competent effort.

We have taken men on the verge of acute
break-down from days of strain and anxiety in
business and in a single and short treatment
with a high frequency current have enabled
them to face the crisis and fight back their fears.
We have seen electricity put buoyancy into the

anxiety at home and high-pressure labor at
their office. We have seen it take the drawn
look from the face and the heaviness from the
heart of women worn to the very edge of ex-
haustion. We have seen it release the tired
teacher from the jaded mind of her routine, the
tired scholar from the useless over-tax of ex-

aminations, the lecturer from the results of
combining an editor’s toil with his tasks of

speaking, men attempting to double their salary
by ending the day with eight hours duty at
night and all these and many others we have
rescued and given new vigor for their work.
There is a marked difference between the
fatigue-effects of a brief period of over-work

worn-out state, and this difference must be taken
into account in treatment. There is also a
difference in the restorative needs of the person
who is stiff and lame from extreme and unusual
muscular exterion, and the needs of the brain
cells that have been sleepless and irritable from
excitement, worry, or mental tax. And we meet
also a third class of fatigue resulting from mental

these states there may be other means of re-
storation (though for some of them time is not
a cure) but the. one swift and decisive tonic
and quick means of rest is an electric current.

tion we have in them a powerful tonic to all
nerve cells, nerve centers, nerve endings, and
nerve functions, both of the sympathetic and
cerebrospinal nervous systems and the nutri-
tive energies of the trophic nerves; a potent
tonic to the tonicity of muscle-fibres, the walls
of blood-vessels, the force of the heart, the
peripheral blood-pressure, the functions of
vasomotors, capillaries and veins, an ozonizing

the number of red cells, to the production of
oxyhaemoglobin, to the activity of its absorp-
tion in metabolic exchanges, and the activity
of phagocytosis; a tonic to the energies of
respiration, the intake of oxygen, the activity
of oxidation, the conversion of protein waste
into urea and the destruction of uric acid;
a tonic to the completion of combustion in the
tissues, the production of heat energy and the
maintenance of normal temperature; a tonic
to the functional activity of the lymph vessels
and absorbents and all the processes of absorp-

the excretory functions of all the organs of the
body from liver and kindeys to skin; a tonic
to nature’s exercise and energy; a tonic to

entary processes of metabolism, and physiologic
stimulus to the living human machine.

The Truth About Violet Rays Samuel H Monell Western Electric & Coil Company


Special requirements to insure fast operation.
Armature Travel shall be .015" •0025 n .

Schematic - Fbr - Final Circuit - With Marginal Relay Test - Full Mechanical Switching
System,

1. This circuit is used as a final selector in a full mechanical switching office.
It is selected by a local, cordless* office* or inter-office incoming selector,

3, When an incasing selector seizes the tip, ring and sleeve terminals of this
circuit, ground from the incoming circuit is connected to the 3 leeve terminalsas a
busy condition. At the same time a circuit is closed advancing the incoming selector
to Its ‘'Selection Beyond'* position. This circuit is traced from ground on cam I,
upper inner contact of cam J , outer winding of the T relay* lower inner and upper
outer contacts of camN, over the ring conductor, to battery through the winding of
the Incoming line relay,

4* The T relay does not operate at this time due to the high resistance in the
circuit. After the associated incoming selector circuit has advanced, a cirouit is
closed from battery through the inner winding of the L relay, lower inner contact of
cam G* upper inner contact of cam F , tip side of the trunk* to ground through the
stepping relay in the associated sender circuit, operating the L relay. The operation
of the L relay closes a circuit from ground on its armature, through the lower inner
contacts of cams E and D, to battery through the winding of -the TK relay which oper-
ates. The TK relay operated, (a) locks to ground on the sleeve* conductor, and (b)
advances the switch to position 2 in a circuit from ground on its armature, upper
outer contact of csm 0, to battery through the R magnet,

5, The L relay operated, (a) locks in a circuit from battery through the inner
winding and make contact, lower outer contact of cam G, over the fundamental circuit,
previously described* and (b) closes a circuit from ground on its armature* inner con-,
tacts of cam E, to battery through the HS magnet which operates, causing the selector
to move upward for brush selection. As the selector moves upward in position 2, carry-
ing the commutator brushes over the commutator segments* the A segment and brush inter-
mittently connect ground to the tip side of the fundamental circuit* through cam F,

successively short circuiting the stepping relay in the associated sender circuit,
thus releasing it and permitting its re-operation until the proper brush has been
selected. When sufficient impulses have been sent back to satisfy the sender, the
£u»daic3«tal circuit is opened, releasing th3 L relay. The L relay released, opens
the circuit through the HS magnet, stopping the upward movement of the selector,
and closes a circuit frem ground through its armature, and break contact, upper outer
contact of cam B, to battery through the it magnet, advancing the switch to position
3. In position 3, the TRIP (H£) magnet operates to ground on cam I. In position 3,
the fundamental circuit is again closed operating the L relay. The L relay operated,
locks through its inner winding, over the fundamental circuit and advances the switch
to position 4, in a circuit from ground on its armature, cam B, to battery through
the R magnet. In position 4, the HS magnet operates to ground on the armature of the
L relay, moving the selector upward for tens selection. The trip magnet being oper-
ated in position 3 to 5, causes the previously selected set of brushes to trip as the
selector starts upward in position 4, As the sslector moves upward for tens selection
carrying the commutator brushes over the commutator segments, the B segment and brush
intermittently connect ground to the tip side of the fundamental circuit, through cam
G, successively short circuiting the stepping relay in the associated sender circuit,
thus releasing it and permitting its re-operation, until the proper group has been
selected. When sufficient impulses have been sent back to satisfy the sender, the
fundamental circuit is opened, releasing the 1 relay. The release of the L relay,

6. In position 6, a circuit is closed from ground on the armature and make con-
tact of the L relay, through cam E, and the upper inner contact of cam D, to battery
through the LS magnet which operates, moving the selector upward for units selection.
The U commutator brush and segment, in units selection, function the same as described
for the A commutator brush and segment during brush selection, When sufficient im-
pulses have been sent back to satisfy the sender the fundamental circuit is opened,
releasing- the L relay. The L relay released, advances the switch to position 7* In
position 7 the fundamental circuit is again closed operating the L relay. Thfe L re-
lay operated advances the switch to position 8, the A cam advancing the switch to

position 9. When the switch enters position 7-3/4 to 9 the holding circuit through

the inner winding of the L relay is transferred from the tip side of the fundamental
circuit to ground on the lower outer contact of cam I. The T relay operates in posi-
tion 9 in a circuit from battery through the inner contacts of cam K, outer winding
of the T relay, lower contacts of cam B, to ground on the armature of the L relay.

The T relay operated, advances the switch to position 10 in a circuit from ground on
cam I, lower inner contacts of cam J , make contact of the T relay, lower outer con-
tact of cam B, to battery through the R magnet, the A cam advancing the switch to

7, Ground on the armature and back contact of the L relay advances the switch
to position 12, If tho 3 I 00 V 0 brush is resting on tho terminal of an idle individual
or P,B,X, line when the switch leaves position 9, the T relay releases. With the T
relay released and the switch in position 12, a circuit is closed from ground through
the lower inner contacts of cams I and J, break contact of the T relay, lower inner
contact of cam B, to battery through the R magnet, advancing the switch to position
13, the A cam advancing the switch to position 14, When the switch enters position
13, a circuit is closed from ground through the armature and break contact of the L
relay, upper outer contact of cam B, to battery through the R xragnet advancing the
switch to position 15, In position 15 the tip and ring of the circuit are closed
through to the incoming trunk,

8, Yi/hon the associated incoming selector returns to normal, ground is discon-
nected from the sleeve terminal, opening the holding circuit through the 5K relay
which releases, Tho IK relay released, (a) closes a circuit from ground on cam l v

to the sleeve terminal, holding the final solectcr busy to hunting incoming selectors
until the switch returns to normal, (b) closes a circuit from ground through its arma-
ture, lower outer and upper inner contacts of cam N, to battery through the outer
winding of the L relay which operates, The L relay operated advances the switch to
position 16, If tho receiver has not boon replaced on the switchhook at tho oalled
station when the switch enters position 15-3/4, the L relay is held operated in a
circuit from battery through its inner winding' and make contact, outer contacts of
camK, R brush over tho ring aide of the called line through the sub-station loop,

T brush, to ground on the lower cuter contact of cam J* In position 16, a circuit is
i3 closed from ground through the armature and make contact of the L relay, cam E,
upper outer contact of cam D f to battery through the selector alarm circuit which
operates if this circuit remains in position 16 for an abnormal length of time, V/hon
the receiver at the called station is replaced on the switchhook, the I< relay re-
leases, advancing the switch to position 17, With the switch in position 16 a 600
ohm shunt through the lower contacts of cam U, is dosed around the inner winding
of tho L relay, to insure it 3 release against a line leak.. In position 17, a cir-
cuit is closed from ground through armature and break contact of the !K relay, cam
C, to battery through the R magnet, advancing the switch to position 18, In position
18 a circuit is dosed from ground on the G commutator brush and segment, lower outer
contact of cam D, upper outer contact of cam 3, to battery through the DOWN magnet,
which operates restoring the selector to normal. When the selector reaches normal,
a circuit is closed from ground on the T commutator brush and segment, through the
upper inner contact of cam C, to battery through the R magnet* advancing the switch
to normal,

9, As the switch enters position 9 the T relay operates through its outer wlnd-
ing to ground on the armature and make contact of the L relay. If the sloove brush
is resting on the terminal of a busy individual lino when the switch enters position
9, the TB and P.B.X, relays operate in a circuit from ground on cams I and H, through

tho windings of the P.B.X, and IB raises, moke contact of the P relay, 1 over inner and
upper outer contacts of cam L, to battery on the sleeve terminal of the busy individual
* The TB relay, operated, closes a circuit through the inner winding of the P re-

lay, holding the P relay operated. Phe switch advances to position 10 in a circuit
from ground through the lower inner contacts of cams 1 and J , make contact of the P
relay, and lower outer contact of cam B, to battery through the R magnet, the A cam
advancing the switch to position 11, Phe L relay releases as the switch leaves posi-
^ tion 9. The operation of the P.B.X, relay opens the circuit through the winding of
the L relay, thus preventing the L relay from operating as the switch passes through
position 10. In position 11, a circuit is closed from ground on the armature and
break contact of the L relay, upper outer contact of cam B, to battery through the
R magnet, advancing the switch to position 12, In position 12, the L relay operates
in a circuit from ground through the lower inner contacts of cams I and J, make con-
tact of the T relay, lower inner contacts of cams E and G, to battery through the
inner winding of the L relay. Phe I* relay operated, advances the switch to position
13, the A cam advancing the switch to position 14. Phe PB and P.B.X. relays release
as the switch leaves position 13. Phe L relay operated in position 12 looks through
its inner winding and make contact, to ground on cam I. In position 14 a circuit is
closed from ground on the armature and make contact of tha L relay, lower inner and
the upper cuter contacts of cam B, to battery through the DOWN magnet which operates,
restoring the selector to normal. When the selector reaches normal, the switch is ad-
vanced to position 17 in a circuit from ground on the X commutator brush and segment,
to batteiy through the R magnet, Phe L and T relays release as the switch leaves posi-
tion 14. In position 17, a circuit is closed from ground through the contaxrts of the
busy back interrupter, inner contacts of c$m 0, outer winding of the P relay, to bat-
tery through the inner contacts of cam K, alternately operating and releasing th 3 P
relay. The operation of the P relay in position 17, on Full Mechanical calls connects-
an interrupted busy tone through the lower contacts of cam L to the ring side of the
trunk which is transmitted to the calling party. On calls through a cordless B board
48 volt battery on cam K. is closed through one contact of the P relay to the tip side
of the incoming trunk for flashing the "A" operator’s supervisory lamp. When the re-
receiver is replaced on the switchhook at the calling station and tha associated in-
coming selector returns to normal, the IK relay releases. Phe release of the IK re-
^ lay restores the switch to position 1 as described under “Disconnection?' .

10. If the sleeve brush is resting on the sleeve terminal of a busy P.B.X, line
when the switch enters position 9, a circuit is closed from ground on the lower inner
contacts of cams I and H, windings of tha P.B.X, and PB relays make contact of tha P

relay, lower inner and upper outer contacts of cam 1 to battery on the sleeve terminal

of the busy P.B.X, lino, Phe PB relay operates in this circuit, closing the circuit

through the inner winding of the P relay, holding the P relay operated, but the P.B.X,

relay does not operate at this time due to the high resistance of the P.B.X, sleeve
circuit, Phe switch advances to position 10 an described under "Individual line Busy*'
the A cam advanci%’ the switch to position 11, In position lo a circuit is closed from
ground on the lover inner contact cf com J, break contact of the P.B.X. relay, inner
contacts of cam G, to battery through the inner winding of the L relay which operates.
The L relay operated, closes a circuit from ground on its armature, oams 3 and D to
battery through the IS magnet, moving the selector upward over the P.B.X. terminals.

V/hen the sleeve brush makes contact with the sleeve terminal of an idle P.B.X. lino,
■md breaks contact with an idle lino the circuit through tho P.B.X, and TB relays ia
oponod, and thoso relays release, opening tho circuit through the inner winding of
tho T rel^y. The T relay does not release immediately duo to a circuit Doing closed
from ground on tho C commutator brush and segment, cam 0, outor landing of tho T re-
lay, innor contacts of camN, to battery through tho outor winding of tho L relay.

Tho L relay is alee hold operated in this circuit. Tho LS xnagnot therefore romaina
operated and tho soloctor ccntinuo3 to travel upward until the brushes are carried
slightly above the center of the lino terminal, allowing the pawl to enter the notch
on the rads: attached to the elevator. At this time, the holding circuit, through the
outer winding of the T relay is oponod at tho C commutator releasing the relay. The
T relcy released, releases tho L relay. The L relay released, opens tho holding cir-
cuit through the LS mag not , allowing the elevator to drop into place, thus centering
tho brushes on the lino terminals. The release of tho L relay also advances the
switch to position 12. In position 12 ground on the armature and break contact of

the T relay , advances tho switch to position 13, the A oam advancing it to position.

NOTE:- The adjustment of the C commutator brush, with relation to the tripped
sleeve multiple brush, is such, that it does not break contact with the
C commutator segment until slightly after tho aleovo brush leaves the
busy terminal and make a contact with the sleeve terminal of the idle

L and T relays and tho selector continues to travel upward until- the
brushes are carried slightly above the center of tho line terminals,
allowing the pawl to enter tho notch on the arc attached to the brush
support rod. At this time the holding circuit through the outer wind-
ing of the L and T relays is opened at the C commutator, releasing the
relays. The L relay released releases the L.S. magnet, allowing the
elevator to drop into place, thus cento ring the brushes on the trunk
terminals. Luring P.B.X. hunting the commutator feed ground is sup-
plied through cam L, from ground on the armature of an under control
of the L relay. This to prevent tho re-operation of the L relay on the
, overthrow of the selector or as it drops Into place,

12, Vftion tho selector travels to the top of the frame in position 2 # 4 or 6, a
circuit is clc sod from ground, through tho X commutator, brush and. segment advancing
the switch to position 7, In position 7, the L relay operates over the fundamental
circuit advancing the switch to position 8 t the A oam advancing it to position 9,

Tho L relay operated in position 7, lodes through its inner winding and make contact
■when tho 3 witoh entors position 7-3/4 to ground on oam I. In position 9, tho T re-
lay operates in a circuit from battery through the inner contaots of cam K through
tho outer windir^j of the T relay, lower contacts of oem E to ground on the armature
of tho L relay. The T relay operated, advances the switch to position 10 from ground
on the lower ipner contaot of cam J, the A cam advancing the switch to position 11,
When the switch leavos position 9, the L relay releases. In position 11 ground
through tho X commutator brush and segment advances the switch to position 12, When
the switch leaves position 9 tho T relay roleasQ3. In position 12 ground through the
lower inner contact of cam J, the break contact of tho T relay and the lower inner
contaot of cam B advances the switch to position 13, tho A cam advancing the switch
to position 14. In position 14 ground through tho armature and break contact of
the L relay advances the switch to position 15. The switch remains in position 15
until the associated incoming selector advances releasing the TK relay. The release
of the TK relay doses a circuit from ground through it 3 armature and break contact,
to the sleeve terminal, holding this circuit busy to other hunting incoming selectors,
until this circuit has advanced to normal. The release of the TK relay also closes
a circuit from ground through its armature and break contact, lower outer and upper
inner contacts of cam N to battery through the outer winding of the L relay which
operates and advances the switch to position 16, When the switch leaves position
15-1/2, the L relay releases. In position 1$ ground through tho armature and break
contaot of the L relay advances the switch to position 17. Ground through the arma-
ture and break contact of the TK relay advances the switch to position 18. In posi-
tion 18 ground through the upper outer contact of oan H, lower outer oontact of oam
D, upper cuter contact of cam E, to battery through tho down magnet moves the se-
lector downward, Vifoen the 30 leotor reaches normal, a circuit is closed from ground
through the X commutator advancing the switch to position 1.

13, If the receiver at the calling station i3 replaced on the switchhook aity
time before the switch ha3 advanced from position 13, the associated incoming se-
lector returns to normal, opening the holding circuit for the TK relay, which re-
leases, The release of the TK relay closes a circuit from ground through the upper
inner contact of cam I, to the sleeve terminal holding this circuit to other busy
hunting incoming selectors until the switch has returned to normal. The release of
the TK relay also advances the switch to position 14, In position 14, ground through
the aimature and break contact of the L relay, advances the switch to position 15, -

In position 15, the L relay operates in a circuit from ground through the break con-
tacts of the TK relay, and advances the switch to position 16. TShon the switch
leaves position 15-1/2, the circuit through the outer winding is opened, releasing
the relay. CDho release of the L relay advances tho switch to position 17. In posi-
tion 17, ground through the armature and brosk oontaot of the CK relay and the lowor
outer contact of aam C advancoe the switch to position 18. In position 18, tho down
magnet operates over tho circuit previously described, moving tho selector downward,
When tho selector reachaa normal, a oirauit is olosod from ground through tho M Y*’
oommutator brush and sequent advancing tho switch to position 1 or normal,

14. When P.A.X. dialing is required, tho circuit has bean so arranged that
ground through the upper outer contact of cam J is connected to the ring side of
the circuit in positions 3 to 14-1/2. TJhon the circuit is wired for P.A, X, dial-
ing, tho incoming selector is held in its '^Selection Beyond' 1 position by ground
through the outer winding of the T rsloy in parallel with the B— 1 and 3-2 resistances ,
through positions 1 to 3 of the final, and then from ground on osm J through posi-
tions 3 to 14—1/2 as ©xplainod aboxra.

BT-431156 Final Circuit with Marginal Relay Test


lostera Elsotrlo Co* t Incorporated,
Kíjolpraant Engineering B'raach* Bawthorae*

{ Z Paga8» Page 1}

I aan e 2 BT 502029
jtoq zb , in&j, f»)

Heplaoing all preyio'ua

IggaaiaJH

TMs M® of 0* was prepared frcra iasu© 30 of T-502029*

MKTHOB 0F QgSBATION

SIGiàL CIBCUIT

Foae alara and auxiliary buay baolc grotmd alarm without aìala pilot l&rap with
aesoaáary aignals &t íloor alara aad jmin alara feoards - Seleotor fraraea -
Faael Sfeohine Switohing %at®ra*

ìjwmionmT

1* PUEFOSE QF CIBQtlIT

1*1 This oirouit ia used in a Fanel ttaohlne Swìtshing offioa to diaplay
a Tiatual aignal at the fuse board and a seoondasry signal afc the floor
alarm and saaia alarra boards t when a fass ©perates*

2. WOBKING LIMITS

2.1 Bone*

OgEBATION

3. PEIMOim, roMCglOHS

In the event of & trouble oonditìon or oircuit f&ilure, to notìfy
th® deak switehman or sender monitor proHrptly of the n&ture and approx-
iaafce location of th« trouble &íid of the progress being raade to correot
it» The signale at the trouble áesk are ìn the nature of scqperyisory
sign&ls for enablìng the switcbma.n to t&ke appropriate aofcion if any
&l&r?n is left unattended for an unàue length of ttoe*

In addìtion to the al&ra pilot equií»ent located &t the trouble
de#k» there ie proyided on ©&oh floor a speoial paael known as & floor
al&m board or power alarra c&binet, whioh motmts a set of alara pilot
siga&ls assooiated with the equipraent located on the ©orresponáing
floor.

4. CONHECTING CIBCniTS

4.1 This oirouit oonnects with say stamdard selector and auxiliary busy
baok oirouit*

3*1

3.2

I

( 2 P ages, Page 2)

1 s sme 2 BT 5 02029
Jtme 257 1925. (»)

Éepíacing all pravio-a®

issuas* (*)

DESCRÌPTIQH OP OPEHATIOH

5* Figtsrea 1 aaá 4, 8 asri ?# .

5*1 When a ftise in a load to the 48 volt btis bar operatos# a oìroult
is olosed frora 48 volt "batteiy through the fuae alsxm l&wp, windisg
of the B9 rel&y (A ) to 24 volt hattery, lightlng the fase alarm
lajap and operating the B9 rolay (A). The operation of the B9 relay
(A) closes & oircnit which operates the (E458| relay operated, closes
a oircuit to gìve secondary signals at the floor alarm aná nain
alarsn boards. Should the internjpter or the hnsy hack ground alana
cirouit fnse operate. e cìrcuit will he olosed from groxmd throngh
the wìnding of the (B458) relay, to 24 volt hattery, operating the
(E450) relay. The (B458) relay operated* funotions as desoribed
ahove.

6. Figures 2 and 5.

8.1 Wì&n a fuse ìn the ì«ad to the 24 volt hus har operates. a cir-
eu.it is cloaed fro® 24 volt hattery to the fuse alarra larap* 5-A
fuae post and the winding of the (B9) relay (a) to grotmd. lighting
the fnse alarm laiap and operatiag the (B9) relay (A) . The operatìon
from this point is the same as desorihed for Figores 1 and 4. Should
the ft»e, at the 5«A fuse post operate » the cìrcuit through the fuse
alarm lamp Is opened, and 24 volt hattery throngji the X8~£P resia-
tanoe ia oonneoted to th® winding of the (89 ) relay (a) which oper-
ates and functions as desorihed ahove.

?• Figurea 3 and 5.

When a fuse in the léad to the 48 volt bus har operates* a cir-
oult is cloaed frcas 48 volt battery through the 18-AD reaistanoe and
fuse alara l&mp, 5-A fuae poet, and winding of the (B9) relay (A),
lightlng the fuae alarm laorp and operating the (B9) relay (A). The
operation frcaa thia point is th® saae aa desorihed for Figorea 2 aad
5. Should the 24 volt fnse operate, it would funotion the aaaie aa
desorìhed for Figares 2 and 5.

8. Figíares 3 aad 6.

8.1 Tiie operatìon ìs the aame aa desorihed for Figurea 3 and 5 except
that the (39) relay (A-l) operates, in plaoea of the (B9) ,relay (A) «

EJJGt A.F.H.
June 25, 1923.
F.G.H.

8/4/24

APPIiOVEPí H.L,M0yHBS
I.R.C.

CHECEED BY» J.I,

BT-502029 Signal Circuit - Fuse Alarm & Auxiliary Busy Back Ground Alarm - Selector Frames


❖ SPECIFICATION CANCELED
Information included in
BSRS-361. 203

This index lists the information that forms a part of, or supplements this specification, and indicates the
authorized issues thereof.

| PAGE 1 .ISSUE I 1 12 31 4 I 5 16*1 I I I I | I

DATE

ro ■st* vO f- oo
in in in m in

i i i t i

NUMBER

ISSUES AUTHORIZED ON ABOVE DATE

TITLE

6-type Dial

213E Hand Telephone Se

201A Hand Telephone Se

211A Hand Telephone Se

^11

212L.M Hand Tel Set

21 IN. P Hand Tel Set

b—The D Series Bell System Practice of die same number shall be used until the BSRS is availabF
c—Information in accordance with that currently authorized.

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated - Dept 3331-RSL/JAM-512, Indpls. Printed in U.S.A.

BSRS-353. 252
Page 2, Issue 4

1. INTRODUCTION

1.01 This specification covers the cording for the hand telephone sets of
117, 201, 211, 212, 213, and 214 types.

2. GENERAL

2.01 The drawings attached hereto are intended to show only the mechanical
arrangement of the cords within the handset mounting, so as to obtain
correct anchorage, avoid interference with other parts, etc. For connec¬
tions refer to connection specifications in the BSRS-353. series.

2.02 Care should be exercised in connecting conductors to terminal R of
the 5-type dial and terminal W of the 6-type dial to be certain that
the cord tips do not come into contact with the adjacent dial mounting
screw or the wall of the dial mounting.

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.01 The requirements below need be applied only to those conductors that
are disarranged as a result of recovery operations, and to those that
require rearrangement to avoid interference with proper assembly of the
case of the mounting and with moving parts, such as the switchhook and
switch springs.

(a) Conductors shall be dressed and shall have their cord tips positioned
as shown on the applicable drawing listed in Table A.

(b) The arrangement of conductors terminating at 5-type dials shall be as
shown on ESL.-739570. The arrangement of conductors terminating at

6-type dials on sets with the older codes (prior to the L-code) shall be as
shown on B-767200. If the set has a different number of dial conductors
than is shown on B-767200, the same general principles of cording
illustrated by the drawing shall be followed.

3. 02 Omitted on issue 4 of this page.

BSRS-353. 252
Page 2A, Issue 3

TABLE A

Hand Telephone Sets
Cording Diagrams

Code No.

Dwg. No.

■

.

Code No.

Dwg No.

117A

LA-751604, Fig. 1

211L, M

LA-540287, Fig. 2 *

117C

LA-751604, Fig. 2

21 IN

LA-567970, Fig. 1

201A

ESL-738875

21 IP

LA-567970, Fig. 2

201B,C,D

ESL-767631

212A.B, C

ESL-738882

211A

ESL-738876

212L, M

LA-540288, Fig. 1

21 IB, C, D

ESL-738880

213A, B, C

ESL-738883

21 IE

ESL-738877

213E

B-901034

211F.G.H

ESL-738881

214A

ESL-738878

211J

LA-540287, Fig. 1 *

214B, C, D

ESL-7388S4

* On cords which have conductors longer than those shown on LA-540287,
the conductors may be secured to the mounting frame as shown on
ESL-738876, since these conductors may cause interference with the
contact springs.

*1

WHITE

CORDING FOR MANUAL SERVICE

STRAPPING

LEADS

CORD TO
HANDSET -

CORD TO
HANDSET\

PRINT*

FRONT VIEW

FIG. 2

CORDING FOR DIAL SERVICE

PORTER I Ec’-P, I cTj.

cS/ YUMsex I cn

issue/ /-20-SS\4.&^b

C-L&-

iEXMKZSMBTrM

Bn

E223

SWITCHHOOK

i dd£d : to Tine, ~2um’

issue 2

+-4--5C>

CONNECTIONS FOR
MANUAL SERVICE

* GN-W MAKE LAST BREAK FIRST.

DIAL

CONNECTIONS FOR
DIAL SERVICE

211J, 211L Qt 211M
HAND TEL. SET
CORDING AND
WIRING. DIAGRAM

SCALE

WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. INC

ENGINEER OF MANUFACTURE

Bell Telephone
Laboratories. Inc

DIMENSIONS UF TO AND INCLUDING 72 INCHES EXPRESSED IN INCHES.
NON-LIMITED DIMENSIONS. OTHER THAN SIZE OF RAW MATERIAL. SHALL
BE HELD WITHIN FRACTIONAL DECIMAL

LA- 540287

LA-540287

STRAPPING CORDS

FIG. 1

METHOD OF CORDING

A-

rfrsw

mm i

ezi

1 1 i i

Em

EJJ

zoss

ZZ11

\*DO£D : T/TL£80X I

i

ETl

iT^rrrr^TTTT.

DIAL

CONNECTIONS FOR
DIAL SERVICE

g«M

ZIZL&M
HAND TEL. SET
C0RDI N6 AND
WIRING DIAGRAM

DIMENSIONS US TO AND INCLUDING 7E INCHES EXPRESSED IN INCHES. D

NON-LIMITED DIMENSIONS. OTHER THAN SIZE OF RAW MATERIAL. SHALL
BE HELD WITHIN FRACTIONAL DECIMAL

SCALE S\J

WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. INC
ENGINEER OF MANUFACTURE

Bell Telephone
Laboratories. Inc

LA-540268

LA-567970

Hand Telephone Sets - Hanging Type - Cording


NO. 3

AC POWER DISTRIBUTION
CIRCUIT

CHANGES

D. Description of Changes

D.l Made minor drawing corrections.

D.2 Added figures showing typical ac surge protection circuit.

D.3 Added a new figure to show overall view of ac raceway in a
typical office.

BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES, INCORPORATED

DEPT 5343-JHJ-MTS

Printed in U.S.A.

Page 1
1 Page

CIPCUIT DESCRIPTION

cn-in*)o«-ni

ISRt'F 1
DWG ISSI1F 1

dtstn con* 1 it 11

ELECTRONIC SWITCHING SYSTEMS

NO. 3

AC POWER DISTRIBUTING
CIRCUIT 1

RF£T_TQN_I_ r _G ENEPAL DESCRIPTION
j[ PURPOSE OF CIRCUIT

1.01 This circuit provides the

distribution for both the protected and
essential ac power between the service
entrance panel and the No. 3 ESS switchroom
equipment. load isolatinq fuses are

included in the service entrance panel
circuit and consequently are not a part of
this circuit.

1.0 2 Protected ac is defined as that ac
power provided by the emergency ac power
supply circuit.

1.0 3 Essential ac is defined as that ac
power supplied by emerqency
enqine-alternator .

2_, GENE RAL DESCPIPT ION OF OPERATION

2.01 This circuit has been designed to
supply ac power to all loads anticipated
for No. 3 ESS.

SECTION II - DETAILED DESCRIPTION

1. PRQT ECTFD- AC DISTRIBUT ION

1.C1 Recommended load distributions are
shown in Information Notes 301 and 303.

2 j ESS^OTlAI^AC_DISTPTBUT.ION

2.01 Essential-ac feeder cables connect
to central-office primary ac power via the
ac distribution circuit. Wire sizes should
be chosen to qive a maximum loop drop of
1 volt at 5 amperes of load current.

SECTTON_III_-_REFERENCF_DATA
_K WORKTNf;_LIMITS

1.01 The 120 V nominal ac-voltaqe
limits are 110-volts minimum to 125-volts
maximum.

1.02 AC input voltage range for the
208/240 V ac single-phase rectifiers is:

(a) 20P V input - 186 MIN. to 221 MAY.

(b) 240 V inout - 216 MIN. «-o 253 MAY.

1.03 The temperature limits are 32 "F to
115°F.

2. FUNCTIONAL DE SIGNATION S

2.01 None .
3 . FUNCTIONS

3.01 This drawing provides a

distribution circuit for all No. 3 ESS

protected and essential ac power used in
the switchroom equipment.

0_. CONNECTING C IRCUITS

4.01 when this circuit is listed on a
key sheet, the connecting informal- ion
thereon is to be followed.

(a) Liqhtinq and Appliance Outlets -
FD-1A1S7-T2.

(h) Groundina Methods and Reouireiwnts -
ED-3H1S0-01.

(c) Hardware, Assembly, and Wirinq for
AC Power and Lighting - ED-3H151-30.

i«*' Printed in U.S.A.

Paae 1

V

CD-3H908-01 - ISSUE 1

(d) LPCDF Equipment
ED-3H159-01.

Typical -

(e) Charge and
SD-8230U-01.

Discharge Circuit -

U.02 The following in a list of
circuits requiring protected ac powi*r.

(a) TTY - Maintenance Frame Circuit -
SD-1C912-C1.

(b) 7A Announcement Set on MOO -
Miscellaneous Frame Circuit -
SD-3H903-01.

5. MANUFA CTURING, TESTING RE QUIREMENT S

Intermediate Require ments

5.01 None.

F nd Requirement s

5.02 This circuit should be tested to
verify that it is wired in accordance vith
the schematic and wi^inq drawings, that the
rfquirnmnnfR of the rirruft moiil mim-nt""
t-able are met, and t-hat- »-he circuit is -"^V
capable of performing all functions stated
in this circuit description.

TAKIN G EQUIPM FNT OW OF SERVICE

6.01 Removing the ac power distributing
circuit from service requires interruption
of all essential ac oower to ESS switchroom
equipment except for loads on the protected /*"*\
ac power which derives input from the -UP V
dc power plant.

BEIL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES, INCORPORATED

DEPT 53U3-JHJ-MTS

^

^N

Page 2, 2 Pages

Electronic Switching Systems, No. 3, AC Power Distribution circuit