| schema_version: '0.1' |
| created: '2026-05-16' |
| purpose: Public source ledger for Sxx source_refs used by observable rule files. |
| source_policy: |
| source_refs_scope: Rules under observables/rules use these source keys for public provenance. |
| self_contained_public_ledger: true |
| sources: |
| - id: S01 |
| title: EU AI Act Article 51 |
| url: https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-51 |
| summary: systemic-risk GPAI presumption at greater than `10^25` FLOP, with threshold update provisions. |
| - id: S02 |
| title: EU AI Act Article 52 |
| url: https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-52 |
| summary: notification timing after a systemic-risk GPAI model meets the Article 51 condition. |
| - id: S03 |
| title: EU AI Act Annex XI |
| url: https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/annex-11 |
| summary: technical documentation includes computational resources, training time, and energy consumption. |
| - id: S04 |
| title: NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPU official product/spec pages |
| url: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/h100/ |
| summary: advertised peak tensor rates, memory capacity, memory bandwidth, NVLink, and power envelopes. |
| - id: S05 |
| title: NVIDIA H200 Tensor Core GPU official product/spec pages |
| url: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/h200/ |
| summary: memory capacity, HBM bandwidth, NVLink, and tensor performance context. |
| - id: S06 |
| title: NVIDIA Blackwell/B200 official product/spec pages |
| url: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/technologies/blackwell-architecture/ |
| summary: advertised generation-level performance and memory/fabric context. |
| - id: S07 |
| title: NVIDIA DCGM Exporter docs |
| url: https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/dcgm/latest/gpu-telemetry/dcgm-exporter.html |
| summary: Prometheus export of GPU telemetry such as power, energy, temperature, clocks, memory, |
| PCIe/NVLink, profiling counters, and MIG-aware metrics. |
| - id: S08 |
| title: NVIDIA DCGM field IDs |
| url: https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/dcgm/latest/dcgm-api/dcgm-api-field-ids.html |
| summary: field definitions for utilization, power, temperature, clocks, errors, NVLink/PCIe, profiling, |
| and health counters. |
| - id: S09 |
| title: NVIDIA System Management Interface docs |
| url: https://docs.nvidia.com/deploy/nvidia-smi/ |
| summary: queryable device inventory, memory, utilization, clocks, power, temperature, performance |
| states, throttle reasons, ECC, retired pages, accounting, and MIG state. |
| - id: S10 |
| title: NVIDIA MIG User Guide |
| url: https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/tesla/mig-user-guide/ |
| summary: GPU instances, compute instances, profiles, and partitioning behavior. |
| - id: S11 |
| title: NVIDIA NCCL collectives documentation |
| url: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nccl/user-guide/docs/usage/collectives.html |
| summary: AllReduce, ReduceScatter, AllGather, Broadcast, Reduce, point-to-point, and collective |
| communication semantics. |
| - id: S12 |
| title: PyTorch DistributedDataParallel docs |
| url: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel.html |
| summary: distributed training synchronizes gradients across model replicas. |
| - id: S13 |
| title: PyTorch FullyShardedDataParallel docs |
| url: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/fsdp.html |
| summary: parameter sharding and collective communication such as all-gather and reduce-scatter during |
| training. |
| - id: S14 |
| title: DeepSpeed ZeRO-3 docs |
| url: https://deepspeed.readthedocs.io/en/stable/zero3.html |
| summary: ZeRO partitions optimizer states, gradients, and parameters, requiring coordinated all-gather/reduce-scatter |
| style movement. |
| - id: S15 |
| title: JAX Scaling Book, training parallelism |
| url: https://jax-ml.github.io/scaling-book/training/ |
| summary: mechanism-level discussion of data, tensor, pipeline, and sharded training communication |
| costs. |
| - id: S16 |
| title: Demystifying the Communication Characteristics for Distributed Transformer Models |
| url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.10197 |
| summary: research evidence that transformer training produces structured communication traces and |
| that communication can dominate at scale. |
| - id: S17 |
| title: A Tale of Two Cs, Computation vs. Communication Scaling |
| url: https://research.cs.wisc.edu/hal/papers/spati-iiswc23-totc.pdf |
| summary: research on data-parallel and tensor-parallel communication/computation scaling. |
| - id: S18 |
| title: Slurm `sacct` docs |
| url: https://slurm.schedmd.com/sacct.html |
| summary: accounting records for jobs, elapsed time, states, allocations, TRES, energy, and selected |
| I/O. |
| - id: S19 |
| title: Slurm GRES docs |
| url: https://slurm.schedmd.com/gres.html |
| summary: GPU generic resources, typed GPUs, NVML autodetection, MIG/MPS configuration, and GPU accounting |
| surfaces. |
| - id: S20 |
| title: Kubernetes device plugins |
| url: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/device-plugins/ |
| summary: vendor devices exposed as extended resources and allocated to pods. |
| - id: S21 |
| title: Kubernetes audit logging |
| url: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug/debug-cluster/audit/ |
| summary: chronological API-server audit records under configured policy. |
| - id: S22 |
| title: Kubernetes Events API |
| url: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/event-v1/ |
| summary: source-emitted lifecycle events with involved objects, reasons, and event times. |
| - id: S23 |
| title: AWS EC2 Capacity Blocks for ML |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-capacity-blocks.html |
| summary: capacity reservation start time, duration, instance type, and quantity concepts for accelerated |
| instances. |
| - id: S24 |
| title: AWS EC2 P5/P5e/P5en instance pages |
| url: https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p5/ |
| summary: H100/H200 instances, accelerator count, EFA, and high-throughput networking context. |
| - id: S25 |
| title: AWS Elastic Fabric Adapter |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/efa.html |
| summary: low-latency, high-throughput network interface for tightly coupled HPC and ML workloads. |
| - id: S26 |
| title: AWS Cost and Usage Reports |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cur/latest/userguide/what-is-cur.html |
| summary: usage line items, usage type, operation, time interval, product, and resource fields when |
| enabled. |
| - id: S27 |
| title: AWS CloudTrail concepts |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-concepts.html |
| summary: management, data, network activity, event time, resource, and actor records, with coverage |
| depending on configuration. |
| - id: S28 |
| title: AWS VPC Flow Logs records |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/flow-log-records.html |
| summary: byte/packet records, aggregation intervals, traffic-path fields, and skipped-data/delivery |
| caveats. |
| - id: S29 |
| title: Google Cloud VPC Flow Logs |
| url: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/flow-logs |
| summary: sampled and aggregated flow logs, metadata annotations, aggregation intervals, and RDMA |
| flow caveats. |
| - id: S30 |
| title: Azure NSG Flow Logs overview |
| url: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/nsg-flow-logs-overview |
| summary: inbound/outbound flow logging and collection/export limitations. |
| - id: S31 |
| title: Amazon S3 server access logging |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/ServerLogs.html |
| summary: object request logs, operation, bytes, timing, and best-effort delivery caveats. |
| - id: S32 |
| title: Amazon S3 log format |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/LogFormat.html |
| summary: fields for operation, object key, bytes sent, object size, requester, and timing. |
| - id: S33 |
| title: Amazon FSx for Lustre metrics |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/fsx/latest/LustreGuide/fs-metrics.html |
| summary: filesystem throughput, metadata operations, client I/O, queueing, and storage performance |
| metrics. |
| - id: S34 |
| title: Google Cloud Audit Logs |
| url: https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit |
| summary: Admin Activity, Data Access, System Event, and Policy Denied audit log types. |
| - id: S35 |
| title: Google Cloud detailed billing export |
| url: https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/export-data-bigquery-tables/detailed-usage |
| summary: usage, SKU, project, service, labels, and resource fields in BigQuery export. |
| - id: S36 |
| title: Google Compute Engine GPU monitoring |
| url: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus |
| summary: GPU utilization and metric collection for Compute Engine VMs. |
| - id: S37 |
| title: Google Cloud TPU monitoring library |
| url: https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/tpu-monitoring-library |
| summary: TPU TensorCore utilization, duty cycle, memory, and related metrics. |
| - id: S38 |
| title: AWS Container Insights enhanced observability metrics |
| url: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/Container-Insights-metrics-enhanced-EKS.html |
| summary: EKS/container, GPU, Neuron, EFA, pod, node, and network/storage infrastructure metrics. |
| - id: S39 |
| title: AWS Neuron monitoring docs |
| url: https://awsdocs-neuron.readthedocs-hosted.com/en/latest/tools/neuron-sys-tools/neuron-monitor-user-guide.html |
| summary: accelerator utilization, memory, runtime, and Neuron-device metrics. |
| - id: S40 |
| title: DMTF Redfish standards |
| url: https://www.dmtf.org/standards/redfish |
| summary: standard management model for servers, power, thermal, telemetry, logs, fabrics, storage, |
| firmware, and cooling equipment. |
| - id: S41 |
| title: Redfish Resource and Schema Guide DSP2046 |
| url: https://redfish.dmtf.org/schemas/DSP2046_2025.2.html |
| summary: schemas for chassis, power, thermal, environment metrics, power distribution, log services, |
| firmware, and related management records. |
| - id: S42 |
| title: NVIDIA UFM Telemetry docs |
| url: https://docs.nvidia.com/networking/display/ufmsdnappumv4160/telemetry |
| summary: InfiniBand fabric telemetry, bandwidth, latency, congestion, errors, and XmitWait-style |
| fabric counters. |
| - id: S43 |
| title: NVIDIA UFM supported port counters/events |
| url: https://docs.nvidia.com/networking/display/ufmsdnappumv41814/Appendix+-+Supported+Port+Counters+and+Events |
| summary: transmit/receive counters, congestion, errors, and port event surfaces. |
| - id: S44 |
| title: Epoch AI data centers dataset |
| url: https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers |
| summary: public site-specific power, accelerator, commissioning, and public-evidence context for |
| AI datacenters. |
| - id: S45 |
| title: PyTorch Distributed Checkpoint docs |
| url: https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/main/distributed.checkpoint.html |
| summary: distributed checkpoint save/load, per-rank checkpoint files, and topology-independent resharding |
| support. |
| - id: S46 |
| title: DeepSpeed model checkpointing docs |
| url: https://deepspeed.readthedocs.io/en/latest/model-checkpointing.html |
| summary: training checkpoint save/load, optimizer/scheduler state handling, and ZeRO checkpoint |
| behavior. |
| - id: S47 |
| title: TensorFlow training checkpoint guide |
| url: https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/checkpoint |
| summary: periodic checkpoint writes, optimizer/model state, and checkpoint file layout. |
|
|
