text
stringlengths
54
548k
label
stringclasses
4 values
id_
stringlengths
32
32
Since its introduction by {{cite:54f6e1a7482ee32c9461e6d4550660a0ad486456}}, the BIC Bayes factor has been a popular method for estimating evidential value from empirical data. One of the attractive features of the BIC Bayes factor is that it can be computed with a simple calculator. This makes it easy to implement not...
m
e02d382e1fc69dedfaeb0f620b6af8e3
In this section, we present experimental results from multi-class classification on the MNIST, CIFAR-10 , and CIFAR-100 to validate our theory {{cite:9e100a40f10ba20d481e1266391303f246085f39}}. All our experiments are conducted on a Windows machine with Intel Core(TM) i9 CPU @ 3.7GHz, 64Gb RAM, and 1 NVIDIA RTX 3090 GP...
r
bacf7ffec438090e62c12983cdc7c59d
will prompt the model {{cite:dc1cffc679a5d9037bf872064becd8855364768a}} to perform the task of French-to-English translation, returning:
i
c6214e4807b9e7d5c1a4df5de49e7813
In practice, however, it turns out to be surprisingly difficult to come up with data collection setups that lead to interesting studies of both these aspects of grounding. Existing tasks still adopt a very rigid interaction protocol, where e.g. an asymmetric interaction between a question asker and a question answerer ...
i
81e9066c5c45ee74622d0dc721f5fb39
We have found significant discrepancies in the experimental settings used in the previous width-based planning papers for evaluating their algorithms over the Atari-2600 games. We believe a clear and consistent evaluation protocol should be set out for planning based algorithms applied to the Atari-2600 games to facili...
d
50d5b881bee09581a0f627f6dc2c9f5c
It is well-known that {{formula:d544207b-626c-4f46-bf4b-22cd8ef08fc6}} for {{formula:46115734-ff7c-4951-b9ad-96f70de05100}} (cf. {{cite:8f776dcf6af4d3129621c4ec25535c257deb4b80}}). On the other hand, for {{formula:476d7015-61a5-4472-863f-0f8bf08ab420}} , we have {{formula:2c1d2a29-8327-4aa2-8ef2-39f2b291f4b9}} by an...
r
392d07e15496f74b02d5d8e903b9a5db
In this section, we give a detailed description of MVSTER. The network architecture is illustrated in Fig. REF . Given a reference image and its corresponding source images, we firstly extract 2D multi-scale features using Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) {{cite:88f8871cfe99b1e96039c1399ff81809f38ed081}}. Source image fea...
m
71fa785e18b4d0b849b0f63e2a67bc79
In light of the discussion presented in this chapter, and based on the experimental evidence that decoherence parameters vary with time, the proposed time-varying quantum channel models will be very important when studying and optimizing error correction codes capable of protecting qubit-based quantum computers from th...
d
d469213224d35207cea7429242192ad7
where {{formula:bb1757df-160b-4606-9b02-e7029badc2d0}} are the indicator functions of the sets {{formula:c5dc89d6-7ccb-43fc-9be0-2476dd61ba9a}} and {{formula:69d0d55f-e461-40f9-9f3c-53a85645a9fe}} respectively, hence, any limit point of the sequence {{formula:0df34de4-1379-482f-a3c0-a5245be50375}} is a global minim...
i
b851e663ac71d6df4deb6885bf39242a
All terms considered relevant to the queried topic are ranked according to their p-values. Key phrases are extracted by scanning abstracts with the RAKE algorithm {{cite:029befcb74dcb734bed69a73bbfd5d0e8ffd0edf}}. Finally, pathways and biological processes are derived from KEGG{{cite:f93e10371135416a95bd4dded32217bd501...
m
844da3200fe0ae0f956d0186d7ed9457
The signatures in the chromospheric spectra give an indication of what to look for in observations. Complex line profiles as the ones shown in Fig. REF using the 5 keV empty loop model have not been reported in the literature so far, but might suggest heating by non-thermal electrons if observed. The inclusion of the ...
d
e10d0049de436e80357fa7eeac5ebc72
We will prove Theorem REF by means of the following algorithm, generalizing Prop. 1 of {{cite:51e5647e8a757270925ca295ca87188cf7f0e2e4}}.
r
c23e828bba1564484dc110dc01b47b67
Speaker identity is one of the important characteristics in human speech. In voice conversion, the speaker identity can be changed from one to another one while the linguistic information can be preserved {{cite:97b22d75c4d1f68f1c3c460d791ae422d28042ac}}. Traditional voice conversion focused on spectrum mapping using s...
i
97fdef61c4252b1dd2f4920f4fffdfa1
We evaluate our approach on the 7-Scenes {{cite:9b30c4237164ca442424f780c7ad86a74343f321}} dataset to check its generalizability. Tab. REF shows that our method also significantly outperforms PlaneRCNN {{cite:71d1f2f1168934792541547f2a612b28846995ac}}, and is better than or comparable with other MVS methods {{cite:78a...
r
e6dbae21954ebbb03104ece93c8f8481
Our proposed method consistently outperforms all other methods on all four datasets in terms of each threshold of {{formula:5dcf7719-f160-4662-ba5d-8c3fbd0b9638}} and {{formula:74abe027-ac2b-4b3a-8361-97d6cdf881b8}} . The improvement is particularly significant on the more challenging datasets UNC+ and G-Ref. It leads...
r
5fa18cf325645954cd145611397aa150
Related work includes a comprehensive study of the stability of graph neural networks (GNNs) in {{cite:4e814696f62e6a46fdc243271d6350c618539c5b}} and {{cite:94a3e89993c1abe55b7305051fbd45b33ba38100}}, which consider absolute and relative perturbations of the graph structure respectively, and the GNN stability analysis ...
i
be88e1835431dca56ad682c01246578a
We also compared the performances of shallow and deep TriAN models. On datasets such as SQuAD  {{cite:8f2787d20dd501691c2e13c294a7ac190c69d6bb}}, deep models typically works better than shallow ones. Notice that the attention layer in our proposed TriAN model can be stacked multiple times if we treat the output vectors...
r
231d286fd72b6015f65ebde092f34b08
BERT. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers or BERT {{cite:a5f88648489cf10588eab8c9941d9813da70345e}} is a language representation model that processes tokens in relation to all other tokens in the sentence, unlike RNN-based models that process tokens in order, one token at a time. BERT has been used ...
m
2e294f119f43d18e00d7641e8f33524c
We approximate quantum annealing with classical path-integral Monte Carlo method described in Section REF . The SQA procedure assumes a Chimera graph where the total number of qubits is {{formula:4a3fd96d-e204-406e-8200-303ff0ddb674}} . For the quantum annealing Hamiltonian {{formula:a09d8df6-6e12-4bae-9a23-9359593c25a...
m
82e536ac2f60ba32aff3ddcdcdba0508
Quantitative Comparisons. In this section, we evaluate results with PSNR, SSIM {{cite:f43f3067b75b55a99256209c5e71c4c424f0bc7d}}, and FID {{cite:d9222d74bca3f99250e909bd28e0adc8f5b1ea15}}. As discussed in {{cite:d85e0edbdd19df7258dd259da77e636528e1bbf2}}, we find that {{formula:12163b80-72b0-4c9b-b7fd-51a027c0922f}} b...
r
e7681b5731a4ff6fc1040928f4ed867c
Estimated prevalence {{formula:ab42e6b5-a78b-4ff8-b451-f09ded6aa083}} for each {{formula:6255d181-a0a1-4800-b32c-9cb3219d57a9}} Calculate discretized predictions on training data: {{formula:fe158e4c-860e-466e-bb36-92f30a84692e}} Calculate discretized predictions on test data: {{formula:6efd3564-d0cb-4d15-b113-d561...
m
ed7250e9d06db4b0a74047cf16c73c78
Using the generalized Burchnall identity and the raising and lowering operators being each others adjoint on suitable weighted {{formula:683f9614-d294-42a2-aeb1-0386af511655}} -spaces, we obtain an integrated version in Corollary REF . In various cases we can use the integrated version to find orthogonal polynomials wi...
i
85378a597d7fdbce9a99a617986dd081
The different methods were applied to the dataset described in Section REF . For training and testing, we used mostly 5-fold as the different classifiers for cross-validation. Each split was trained with 10 or 20 epochs. For transfer learning, we used models pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset. We used a batch size of ...
r
0c2aee4775b3bd46deb14baf195fb529
To fully reap the passive reflection gain of IRS, it is crucial to acquire the channel state information (CSI) accurately, which, however, is practically challenging due to the lack of active RF chains at IRS reflecting elements as well as their large number in practice. In the literature, there are two main approaches...
i
17823a4067c3699aab3e3d16f3c8a161
Due to the capability limitation of a single unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), multi-UAV collaboration has attracted increasing attention {{cite:21479817084dce8de36ae2b5d078baed2cb22d5a}}, {{cite:9f2e1564e9f9d5bc03707d71f4afb89b1a01bad8}}, {{cite:37fe6f9c2a265f0d79d7d403dae8063dd2c84e1a}}. One of the fundamental and chall...
i
3d4a94523c49c6a6bf06795bc7ccd302
We will see the existence of a homotopy section of the inclusion {{formula:e7bd2e33-9ff2-4fda-9cb7-cd738c556ca2}} in Section , where {{formula:6f6ffc8a-f5c9-4ffe-b701-942105543c60}} is the Segal–Wilson restricted unitary group {{cite:fde5d14d556f39261d7afcc8fdf5e678effaa84c}} having the homotopy type of {{formula:878...
i
88c87a40cf8e7fe302090f4fa7b3c349
Another example of how this could be applicable pertains to chondrule formation. Chondrules are molten grains found in meteorites, whose formation requires rapid heating to {{formula:fb4a7505-0063-4ef7-b784-880a4c57de09}} 2000 K {{cite:2ddcb3195aba2fa0d45b8519050a11571bc132aa}}. While there is no consensus on this topi...
i
1b50c31134cb38c5452d2a865f993cd6
To reduce the variance of the estimate in Eq. (REF ) while keeping it unbiased, the {{formula:54465dc6-0574-46fd-a965-d40d5671b1f8}} function can be replaced with an advantage function, {{formula:df7dfc90-efd2-4126-80fe-6662ad08eeac}}  {{cite:7f33d5eaea95131eca4ff8dbca8280fa704533d5}} where {{formula:b7f0ddd7-fd2e-4b5...
m
84698458532d6cb5caed25fdb29b0c75
Other alternatives to inducing points in a VI context have been suggested, including random feature expansion {{cite:69647763af5056a2674a0773636fd0acd1a1986b}}. Extending RFE from ordinary to DGPs has been the subject of several recent papers {{cite:865a5acf44d87cc5e7bedba1eeafa8437aafd72a}}, {{cite:ab14af92d4bd860c8ba...
m
c955a66b03525544a2ab45033415a1b8
We further verify our approach on general segmentation benchmarks including Cityscapes {{cite:baa1bbd672418cfb8ad0ab9751552b63a9b3b57f}}, ADE-20k {{cite:1ae01388b462a5936646aa0608d547c899270eee}} and BDD {{cite:8cf79010bc8b38c008ec2b3fd244199f98afbc7d}} for only verification purpose. We only report the results due to t...
r
78287779863c200a4d10d1360ee66651
One considers therefore an electron moving in the presence of a twisting electric field that couples to the spin and leads to a non-homogeneous spin-orbit like effect. Typically, the models considered have a gapless structure that may be changed by adding gaps to the system, either adding a magnetic field (which natura...
i
7af90b697e2565281c75a3e37eb823d5
Neural network approximation algorithm of smooth functions presented in {{cite:5cc74a9690f0c4effbf1acf4b6a70b687724d387}} is based on the approximation of a function {{formula:254548fa-05da-4109-a4d7-0afc041edea2}} which then leads to an approximation of the product {{formula:81705716-368a-4827-b740-96f1964f4deb}} . T...
r
8defc435f9ecea8441ab0dfdce6bfc5e
One possible route is to place a prior over {{formula:ddbb945c-9cf4-4e70-a79d-f4075f681d74}} (and possibly personalized weights {{formula:aec0e241-2c71-4232-a07a-5c783b6edabd}} ) {{formula:f48beab2-ea56-4bfb-aab6-2300331fca71}} and try to estimate the posterior {{formula:71271b65-1c4c-417d-b82f-5e3d3ea16585}} . Clear...
m
5e8a8f7ef6dd1b4c2e819a17b2c116a4
Even though the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision recommends the use of VaR at high levels (see for example {{cite:d5c4226ec7504012d183511de7ee6eb004f74b74}}), the VaR itself has been criticized several times in the financial literature for two main reasons. First, the VaR only measures the frequency of observatio...
d
ef13a5d71498919da522eb1f1f9b0f24
Remark 6 Lemma 4.3 in {{cite:7eeddb85ad2e658ba0618d2e6a78e8a86925ef7c}} shows that there exists {{formula:3e759fe6-e63b-428c-9e88-d73a09c2ab42}} such that () holds. In particular, letting the model gradient {{formula:f46dfc8a-0f37-4316-a0c5-9bdd93dc586d}} , if {{formula:de9afb6b-b2ec-42f5-b2f7-745815c63601}} , we set ...
m
dfaca06c4fe73188840222eaee9309ec
Recently, numerous graph-convolution-based models {{cite:62d00c9b7511f12673896388073265f90940b2fc}}, {{cite:202b6607bbc025df294a6eaf3d0914521b3572c9}}, {{cite:5844ef36f3aa6f566e049041e7c60a42dfa74a44}}, {{cite:d8649b8a2cfef58e87b054c156d6f89a41e50f22}}, {{cite:571e5d17ffa84d2a4ffdaab6ea8701c7f3ab8394}}, {{cite:4bb0285c...
i
405f96558d84dfeb37a6b97a0136fb91
Image retrieval has been an important and active research area in computer vision with broad applications, such as person re-identification {{cite:dff74523adc1be9257420e5ce1d58b3045ebec1c}}, remote sensing {{cite:6b5f9846b1ee07bf34c1f52c1f6e4b5c10265cf2}}, medical image search {{cite:c68bda6f3cbfed947c0fb8716c6c720b1da...
i
4a6f8c07d12baaa09453be101cc2c922
The study of mean-field spin glasses has been one of the central objectives in Statistical Physics over the past decades. Based on the replica method, this approach has attained great achievements following Parisi's celebrated ansatz {{cite:8eb613922a3b36fc67cb22dc25f1c9b5b33853c1}}, {{cite:93ae792db1d87bdaff29b46a3d8d...
i
10bbfd66dc1d7842872f920b39051f00
First and foremost, there is a large Sim-to-Real gap in RGB images between sim and reality. Because of this, design choices easily overfit to sim. Two representative examples are that (A) policy architectures that directly operate on RGB images don't transfer because they overfit to sim images, and (B) the common pract...
i
968675250754b5ae942cf7173eac2323
which is essentially the {{formula:0a952204-ab00-4994-a70c-98fdd1c5b626}} th power of the reciprocal of the Dedekind eta function {{cite:f1b68133f80ed32815a0d1381d6d9892a01331fd}}. Then (REF ) was extended by Chern–Fu–Tang {{cite:f5e9d686bfceef913bbea4a57f982e5aa4e217f2}} to an interesting conjecture: Suppose {{formula...
r
db803d0be6cc6466e71272be41733e75
where {{formula:9b0980da-a0ee-4d62-a441-72547692ae09}} is the exchange energy and {{formula:596ca460-790b-43a6-a2f7-5d49f6754e02}} can be found in Ref. {{cite:191734f455aae99e0ed4145aee33219844d86533}}. By using the linear response theory, {{cite:191734f455aae99e0ed4145aee33219844d86533}} discussed the exchange energ...
r
fa5449df11780ee4aac0cae0a124589f
Adversarial training. The adversarial training objective is to increase the model robustness by adding adversarial examples into the training set. The most popular and common approach is adding the adversarial examples with correct labels to the training set, so the trained model correctly predicts the label of future ...
m
a31d7a0ee49f03de85cfddc89496d800
We begin by discussing the constraints on the interacting scenario for CMB alone and then gradually investigate the effects of other cosmological probes as they are added to CMB. For CMB alone, we find an indication for a non-cold DM at 68% CL ({{formula:36cb1c73-efc5-4460-9426-1832e916e2fc}} at 68% CL). This is in su...
r
7d44c863afc6848d08151453b3f5ccb5
(7) MoCo + Self-Training: Here we initialize the model using MoCo learning on the unlabeled data before semi-supervised learning using Self-Training. A recent work by Chen et al.  {{cite:c278c8bca071aa50b14fca1d6b425d72cbef57d3}} has shown this to be a strong semi-supervised learning baseline. The procedure is as follo...
m
f7db01ad5a090e53b466c7dd2152e321
We use six public datasets — three citation networks (Cora, Citeseer, and Pubmed) {{cite:08087cd76baad449fa9e035e1fd0fbb716efd1dc}}, two co-purchase graphs (Amazon Photo and Amazon Computer) {{cite:5b0dcfbf8d57f4c378b8fff178d0d6c69159d22e}}, and one co-authorship graph (Microsoft CS) {{cite:5b0dcfbf8d57f4c378b8fff178d0...
r
52ed234d33cf422e14a8e088ce61d1ac
Five state-of-the-art models proposed for VPR are selected for comparison: NetVLAD {{cite:69722d26e9eb710bc095851aeda6caf1643f8e70}} is the seminal generalized VLAD pooling layer. On top of it, CRN {{cite:ea8bc7678b549dddb3815fa41407f6c45eec97e4}} introduces an attention layer to estimate local saliency according to se...
m
3515a6b51827bdd0af7b30f39d9e5f28
To simulate the IFE, we use the 3D relativistic PIC code EPOCH {{cite:6242f371044019166dc63ca57029d8ca7760486f}}. We assume a fully ionized helium plasma with a super-Gaussian longitudinal shape to mimic the electron density from a gas jet given by, {{formula:0a75ed74-a9d0-447c-85e6-eb383399fb2b}} with initial electro...
r
fbbfaddeec0a9ff6bbc237d68da2b05c
Layerwise training, a greedy learning strategy employed to reduce optimization time, has been shown to function via a reparameterization of search parameters {{cite:61f35531d7a4ba989f0f306841d8a4aa60661e5b}}, and to be helpful at avoiding barren plateaus {{cite:9ba2c5b7e9e875f82bd4ffe4ca318465b781a665}}. Although promi...
i
d324358b74ec595d3efe198153589900
Extensions to Other Applications. Flash-Cosmos can be used to accelerate not only bitwise operations but also any desired operation. This is because Flash-Cosmos supports a set of bitwise operations that are logically complete, like other processing-using-memory (PuM) substrates that use the operational principles of t...
d
565ee30fdc2ecb44c8f99f838bb1c9f5
To further verify the efficacy of the proposed method, we conduct experiments on the MS COCO dataset {{cite:62ae38facc41dccbcd5195844f3c75b8c00125a2}}, which consists of much more images and semantic categories than PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset. The quantitative evaluation results on the MS COCO dataset are presented in Tab...
r
476d608563fa64e25f42d6108f6b84ca
There has recently been a concerted effort to tackle the phase recognition problem using machine learning methods {{cite:af14d6ffcf44b96f5234cf2b6aee14d89d3221f8}}, {{cite:bc442a80ecd74c4064d0e2ab7811542f87e7c36a}}, {{cite:56c3d8c7963f218bda2a24103c44dec377b67b5e}}, {{cite:61254c97f529b94a3bcdaba95c26eb9a50ac09b1}}, {{...
d
8bb1c095103523be57d512bf0b8288a2
The examination of frustrated magnetic systems is dated back to 1950s, when it was found that the Ising antiferromagnetic triangular lattice has quite different properties to ferromagnets or bipartite antiferromagnets {{cite:4a82f6612c401cc4612e1212f8c1d98f0df19612}}, {{cite:cdb58fd1fc571cd915a972f2e52e406a85648952}}. ...
i
57b9a4014c71e0b2889536e496310b11
In this paper, we have performed a first investigation of the spectrum of non-linear solutions of biadjoint scalar field theory in four Euclidean dimensions. Our motivation stems from the known double copy relationships between various field theories, summarised here in figure REF . It is not known how general this sch...
d
74fd3f79444efec9102cee31eef98336
Instead of exhaustively searching over the hyperparameter space, a random search samples configurations at random until a user-defined budget is exhausted {{cite:4a1dca0af017b11b2e39c06013640ed3c1e5cc7b}}. This approach is usually able to outperform grid search in cases where some hyperparameters are more important tha...
m
3dcce9db3ee0b3029f320d38a11de26c
To address the issues with the existing methods, we propose a Gaussian process based method for the contour estimation. Gaussian processes (GP) are nonparametric kernel-based probabilistic models that have been used in several machine learning applications such as regression, prediction, and contour estimation {{cite:6...
m
1855060db156e85d13760fc8a8fafe19
In this work, we analyzed a large sample of 10,092 {{formula:081ceff1-a022-4bb3-bcfa-05e4a5532dc0}}  Scuti stars towards the Galactic bulge from the OGLE-IV survey. Two decades earlier, a catalog of {{formula:3ae5b432-fd7b-4a56-a5cf-51c63f48fbf7}}  Scuti stars from different sources was prepared by {{cite:0fdce6c114aed...
d
988f4e1bc12d80354f1782a90a01527e
To derive such a framework, we ask ourselves: what are the ideal requirements that ISSL representations should aim to satisfy? We prove necessary and sufficient requirements to ensure that probes from a specified family, linear or multi-layer perceptron (MLP), perfectly classify any task that is invariant to desired da...
i
0fc0f5c5b4130af16f02c3b794775e3d
One of the areas where higher dimensional CVTs have found an application is in the field of evolutionary optimization. Recently introduced, MAP-elites {{cite:0afe96b63aa181a3acdeac39f45a7a6daf329636}} is an algorithm that illuminates search spaces in evolutionary optimization, allowing researchers to understand how int...
r
e22d491c9e26ab1b39db621c4f80cdf4
Gravitational wave production in cosmology was studied in Refs. {{cite:eea70a97b35c15823df8641b670227f784d1bc12}}, {{cite:8fc2b99852a33e5ae9431d6a3a2a9c4ce21b1cc9}}, {{cite:20916b7a93691f36617b935c95ad94dca262c0e3}}. According to the Parker theorem, see Ref. {{cite:a45a8945099f7ab3f24e56796e67ff925b9ba7af}}, {{cite:1dc...
i
7ba64dfa088570b1539fa5f7e630d819
We consider 2D TM halides with formulas MX{{formula:653700a8-ccd7-4749-8645-ca11a4e71298}} and MX{{formula:3839f404-5e4c-473e-bf57-2cf2cb00e04f}} (M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; X=Cl, Br, I). Fig. REF (a) and Fig. REF (b) show the side and top view of crystal structures MX{{formula:4820905d-9af0-4620-8c01-951c5a9b0f29}} ...
m
8a06a86c519a9cffe1888af4f8df5f66
Instead of the given entity graph in existing KGs, such as Wikipedia hyperlinks and YAGO {{cite:4de54cb845a58931cdd9f76ebd7e4b03968c3684}}, we capture the entity co-occurrence from texts, because (1) under the opened-world assumption, existing KGs are far from complete and may not cover all relevant information about e...
d
829b0c07bbe71e925280ec571ee42730
We begin by summarizing our results. We find that a tight-binding model in one dimension can host edge states when the phase of the hopping amplitude is periodically driven in time by applying an oscillating electric field. The presence of a staggered potential or an on-site Bose-Hubbard interaction generally enhances ...
d
dd92494bfe9f30768b5360efdc3e9310
Some of the studies mentioned above were actually performed using a version of mean field theory known as the population density approach {{cite:357903c67168ce212d6a1edb8485c67758a2e80d}}, {{cite:57bc1bd2d9e52eaa61aa5a4671ef43fe0ba1352e}}, {{cite:1023554e6c59e24e442858dcf10109337cd07308}}, {{cite:d99275d1dd9d62c1ff9787...
d
a99cbe5072c974a73ad4fbd3bd79abfd
In this paper we have proposed a simple strategy to assess the role that a given network might play in shaping the relation between other two networks, thus enlarging the paradigm of network similarity beyond the classical pairwise comparison. This approach is aligned to a recent endeavour that aims at going beyond dya...
d
bd506af98585951a62546377a70e025b
Compared to other methods that use CNN features {{cite:42ffb27b9e004ce48239bea9941ece060701b24d}}, {{cite:17b4edd8bb4b90d544892d0581b76221642afcc8}} pretrained on external datasets, our COG-based 3D object detector has comparable or better performance even without the contextual cues provided by our cascaded classifier...
m
94a650a29d5520bb14d8f25c591ea1f8
Such a decomposition is unique; cf. {{cite:dbd98143d8d7d9ffade5c95b9aa3b3d76d2bfca9}}, Ch 1, §4.
r
2d9ff5fe993eae9087bb51ce21274945
Localization is the process of estimating the location of a signal source, which is vital for a variety of applications, including location-aware communications {{cite:69710c895415939acbbb696b635830739e2933af}}, autonomous driving {{cite:ff34bdd80166394b7325bf0e9bdbc8e876d036d7}}, industrial internet of things (IoT) {{...
i
72a7e620599b90bccbc26b7671a38f6f
{{cite:dc28d589d0f8578f9698472fda92cbbb27f8d65c}} pointed out that VDB0-B195D is a particularly extended object and that the photometric measurements of {{cite:4183c191c19e73d982dafd4082dce7c33f8050fc}}, {{cite:5acd5acf60284749d59ab2723e92f464f3a19d77}}, {{cite:1c318f13b109d5f1d10a9e483f8405abb6e39882}}, and {{cite:90e...
r
363cfdaf5bc24ee5a01977d79a64040f
Due to the non-mesh-conforming character of the (isogeometric) finite cell method, it is infeasible to impose Dirichlet boundary conditions by (strongly) constraining functions in the spaces (REF ). Instead, Dirichlet conditions are imposed weakly through Nitsche's method {{cite:3f4ec22551684b60ed8c993c265d6e6df2d4f95e...
m
84136f8a4adbb01a3bcf91cd8f6700c2
To show the generalization ability of the proposed JPU, we replace EncNet with two popular methods in DilatedFCN, namely DeepLabV3 (ASPP Head) {{cite:1ac32ae180d52b9a0676e1929ac046e1068f7f74}} and PSPNet {{cite:95723330f0dbdb70d5306089616c139543934f29}}. As shown in Table REF , our methods transformed from DeepLabV3 an...
m
0817475e832d73aeb739677ed6b00861
Our model of how quarkonium production is modified in nucleus-nucleus collisions assumes that, indeed, the nuclear suppression depends sequentially on the binding energy of the quarkonium states. The starting point is the significant correlation patterns observed {{cite:758c16afe220c1e48e348fe21feaab9a6ad4da4d}} in the...
d
58c3227e68cbc248ed2e40af87ddf2aa
I present a system for verifying partial correctness of deterministic sequential programs. In contrast to Floyd-Hoare logic {{cite:d99c283918b8b69aa8986be6269be0095fee532b}}, {{cite:ca103acaf73b3de889e9775f717044b223a0e624}}, my system does not use pre-conditions and post-conditions, but rather pre-programs and post-pr...
i
b0b37848a984b55c18431b49ec84ffa9
To summarize, we study the staple reason for the non-{{formula:57329082-4f23-4b95-b948-7e745238e313}} -ray detection of a sample of {{formula:b65c5f69-9ea3-4135-b231-14a7b1fed717}} -ray quiet FSRQs. We find that the synchrotron flux of {{formula:aa4470e1-304f-4afb-a8cc-6e4c60e558c2}} -ray quiet FSRQs is not significant...
d
c2c42e4ed56eef7621edf1d88d804339
According to the profound classification of Hawking {{cite:fad913a44d6454f48158090524db57849639b6a7}}, a modeling of reality in theoretical physics is good if it contains few adjustable elements, agrees with and explain existing observations, and makes detailed predictions about future observations. For instance, withi...
i
90e4fd79fec79146519c473766d84453
We want to use Proposition REF for the family {{formula:d7fd67ad-0bac-4f26-b3f2-64e18cf952f0}} . Since Every FNE is NE (see Lemma REF (i)), for every {{formula:9d700255-0129-400f-a739-47a05180e4ef}} we apply {{cite:6f03e7606cb80d19e09346aa7c9d357fe5d33686}} to the family {{formula:590da88a-1f46-4b82-b468-e909d23191ea...
m
e2a9298f2ef261eb41c2b897dc91a652
Theorem REF shows that if the functions {{formula:ed7b65aa-f577-4065-a7d4-a2347bc24eb5}} have minima and the parameter space is restricted to keep production quantities nonnegative, then the collaboration network in the oligopolistic competition model will have a graph corresponding to the arbitrary degree sequence i...
r
659c55c5daebc90de94a0db166646f84
where the stellar luminosity is given in solar units, and where {{formula:01ce938a-07ee-4741-8782-fb5f3b5a51a8}} and {{formula:04e24934-ce33-429c-93ce-7537ecb19ba2}} {{cite:e4cda58551a9e6879cb1b9afb71eab6be9e18cb5}}; and the (g-r) were obtained using the {{formula:a045fcba-b479-4bb0-ac55-08d4bdc86405}} and {{formula...
d
99fbc34b76c0503f1c2a22044018bf67
Generative image replay, while appealing, has numerous limitations in practice. First, real images are high dimensional representations and the image distribution of a particular task lies in a narrow yet very complex manifold. This complexity requires deep generators with many parameters and are computationally expens...
m
e166ea6d46b8bffa60324ed7ad201929
Simultaneously, at the opposite end of the conductivity spectrum, there has also been a large interest in two-dimensional (2D) and layered superconductors {{cite:91a3ed2a565bde74beaf0d63eb8ab2adcd8343d5}}, {{cite:7d242586c40ed3120441de7e52c62c16109c979d}}, {{cite:56587cd6eedfee1810baa7dadc1b0f458c4f6744}}, {{cite:2ef16...
i
b2d8baba535872e59180c2d7c51f6ca5
We compare our FWM directly with the current state-of-the-art on word-level bAbI: Metalearned Neural Memory (MNM; {{cite:832649ef927e8bbb716d2ba1e3b2756827528365}}). We also include two strong autoregressive word-level language models as baselines: a regularized LSTM  {{cite:2b6bb154be75c130731e49aacb7abc69179955ea}}, ...
r
3c5e328a09d4f7798c91d1685c2ca5a4
The following result is an extension of Tutte's theorem and also a lean version of a comprehensive structure theorem for matchings, due to Gallai (1964) and Edmonds (1965). See {{cite:3180f7cd7dc593bfb22a535977bd9a96a89bb310}} for a detailed statement and discussion of this theorem.
i
f158a705b45243c23f0fc1b834a17907
The scalar resonance discovered by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations at the LHC {{cite:1d91cb81661c9efebe551ee895c984af063ecf87}}, {{cite:c8ea359dd07f328b58e74c1d2f8754657bbc2843}}, {{cite:ae1e7d90035a072c1f27a5c72a9223ab3531fb66}} in 2012 has been found to have properties consistent with the predictions of the standard...
i
8f37b388df4253d0a8c49e3d5bef3f92
The proof of Theorem REF crucially uses the fact that the iterates {{formula:911693ff-7130-49be-b00a-a1a4efa4a4f5}} have “fractional power growth” and our argument fails for iterates with “integer power growth”. Similar results that cover the case of polynomials with integer or real coefficients were obtained in {{ci...
r
18710823d5eede717dff3abe8b9cc8dc
There are clearly many future directions. One of the most important directions is to understand the reason for the peculiar relation (REF ) for the prepotentials. Another interesting direction is to study the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit of the instanton partition function {{cite:39424d8824e2519c9ffca6f3d57d51d93cddc115}...
d
429cab171d6cc2b055b6f0eb753fa552
To estimate the first integral in (REF ), let {{formula:1e953181-65b9-42a6-8474-74db2f3388e9}} be a rectangle with its four vertices {{formula:2bd24102-05f6-4c9c-b90c-4a193166d1dd}} , {{formula:0844e0b5-4523-4529-a579-4b010d9e64f8}} . The arc of {{formula:6c1e18e9-3b50-40cf-a4cc-5f129ad9d0c1}} given by {{formula:aa90...
r
c4587c24205737fcaaf45cafb641922d
where {{formula:15aefd5c-1f9b-4883-b90f-4d183363e243}} is the step size. Applying the DPG method developed by {{cite:6f1acfa410c8e4157d642443a43e848a5bebfa6c}}, the gradient of {{formula:352ac71c-9881-4b38-b63a-c0edf5dc3531}} with respect to parameters {{formula:6464e870-2d03-4f61-8f6a-5e46349e7856}} is obtained as...
m
c6f78e38554faa975a9b9d93cba30aa9
To conclude this section, some quick comments are in order. First, one of the typical preliminary step when building a regression model is to conduct a correlation analysis (e.g., scatter plots, correlation matrix), which can be done using tools that we have discussed in Subsection REF . This can be done here with matr...
m
fac3b5ba8af97836b075ce23983de760
We further note that the detected oscillation periods vary between different fieldlines and can also change with time, particularly in loops that are subject to change in physical properties, or with increasing/decreasing loop length, as would be expected for standing oscillations (this is true for all oscillation mode...
d
2abbae1569fce11356c9c2969699d927
Role of Transformers: Transformers have recently shown success in a variety of vision tasks {{cite:e198459a92b159ff2382c53ca6cc6706300921b7}}. Very recent tracking approaches employ transformers in different ways. {{cite:01897a4dbeaa11f7b9545e046ec85b7555504881}}, {{cite:da23f31e36d3a04e8fdabe1cd0374e3e410cb0eb}} utili...
d
ddd50a29c53c95b1a0a3038f4feffe41
From Definition REF we obtain that compact subsets of a topological group are precompact. {{cite:054074a8994340b8aa5512377d2e6730859ea74b}} establishes that a pseudocompact topological group is precompact. The following theorem extends this result to a class of topological semigroups.
r
a021223e96229b063014fc262780e95d
Bell's theorem {{cite:260146f993f955e30fd4c1f87bbf95ed8168c89b}} continues to challenge our understanding of the relationship between the two pillars of modern physics: quantum mechanics and relativity. In recent years, the measurement-independence assumptionSometimes also referred to as statistical-independence {{cite...
i
b353317edb33f59a034eba17a5021231
The general theory of stochastic gradient ascent {{cite:712a0d237ae4eca867fa088a0038541064a45090}} implies that the above algorithm constructs an approximation of {{formula:4990d85b-142e-4ff0-bd1f-4b9f2773e4fc}}
d
b8228d48d9c834aa6176d0112240fc85
Strong homotopy algebras, {{formula:7bf1b040-c254-42b7-92a8-8343b4af6ddf}} , {{formula:40100baa-9127-4aef-961c-bb19c40f3e49}} , {{formula:fc66dc2a-8560-46b6-acac-2202c840485c}} , ..., help to implement the idea of the (most general) consistent algebraic structure. They play a central role in string field theory and pro...
i
d67022e96bcf53565408c30c0ae256a5
Fig. REF provides visual comparison of watermarked images produced by combined models. Both the watermark images and the corresponding {{formula:277aac34-3693-4f80-a629-984dec68e8d8}} magnified differences compared to the original images demonstrate that the bit message is successfully embedded in the images in an im...
r
08370727fae77a0a19b28abfbe5f2712
In this work we have only explored using a simple population-based policy gradient method {{cite:cb61698e7e5575ff9f55bcb48e1f4ee25d3d4f56}} for learning. State-of-the-art model-free RL algorithms, such as TRPO {{cite:f359a4319aea1d219adb7153467c82ef20f2c29b}} and PPO {{cite:cc3bfb0af958548926462f70e9e4398d324f5439}} wo...
d
b4c63b0886af8838aca1bec6e3943341
We conduct experiments on multiple computer vision tasks, including image classification, semantic segmentation, and object detection. Systematic experiments on several public benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed BOAT clearly and consistently improves existing image-space local attention vision Transformers, includ...
i
1c4e11c19b985af399c20a9b60d7ad4e
Recent research in deep learning, focus mainly on Transformer-based models such as BERT {{cite:88c63e7dd60c607ca7f83ed6ae4c125824845512}} and XLNet {{cite:b3dbac47ce597191d0740f980f9fec3e27a87b81}}. These approaches clearly showed impressive results in various state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) {{cite:c...
i
61593fb5c83f12184ea0a8efd73dcfb9
For example, {{cite:9179a523e8cd9eca23503d2e1176fa418a782284}} studied the nature of feedback mechanisms in the 11 CLASH BCGs and their results strongly suggest that thermally unstable ICM plasma with a low cooling time is the source of material that forms the reservoir of cool gas fuelling star formation in the BCGs a...
d
3a235234230284fbbafceb7ec5d2eddf
The interest for stability issues was raised by {{cite:10d7541474df86add16701d55cb770f5ce5bd19e}} and the stability result of Bianchi and Egnell in {{cite:72587c083084ed03d4db3e0ecad23b2b8ed45701}}, on the Euclidean space. Over the years, various approaches have been developed, based on compactness methods and contradi...
i
21047962cdd78ebd7f60c9df96aa6b69
A detailed distributed implementation of DFM is given in Algorithm . In the initialization, each node {{formula:2aefe0e9-8378-40ac-a02f-35eedb6c5338}} shares {{formula:914765c0-0de0-4a4f-a6a1-9d58111672db}} , {{formula:f3fccc6c-9d77-4213-a525-c8d2d9640892}} , and {{formula:42bd79d7-0490-4a1e-ad58-a2cfdcf17483}} with ...
m
d9a14b5b3cef6596f10022e15d40b38a