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Clarifying updates, reformatting (#2)

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- Clarifying updates, reformatting (723401e3c33526a91286eacc5c15e9ee1654047b)
- clarify detection variable definitions (54459ff36a31fe23f3c8163068e7b79b969b7f30)


Co-authored-by: Elizabeth Campolongo <egrace479@users.noreply.huggingface.co>

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  1. README.md +103 -377
README.md CHANGED
@@ -20,12 +20,15 @@ tags:
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  - Mpala Research Centre
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  language:
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  - en
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- pretty_name: kabr-worked-examples
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  size_categories:
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  - 1K<n<10K
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  ---
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- # Dataset Card for kabr-worked-example
 
 
 
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  ## Table of Contents
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  - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
@@ -39,8 +42,7 @@ size_categories:
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  - [A. Detections (CVAT "tracks" XML)](#a-detections-cvat-tracks-xml)
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  - [B. Behavior CSV (auto labels; one file per source video)](#b-behavior-csv-auto-labels-one-file-per-source-video)
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  - [C. Mini-scene metadata JSON (per source video)](#c-mini-scene-metadata-json-per-source-video)
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- - [D. Actions folder (per-clip predictions; if present)](#d-actions-folder-per-clip-predictions-if-present)
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- - [E. Telemetry CSV (Airdata export)](#e-telemetry-csv-airdata-export)
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  - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
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  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
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  - [Source Data](#source-data)
@@ -57,335 +59,66 @@ size_categories:
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  ## Dataset Details
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- Manually annotated bounding box detections, mini-scenes, behavior annotations, and associated telemetry
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- for three sessions used for kabr-tools case studies.
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63
  ### Dataset Description
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65
  - **Curated by:** Alison Zhong and Jenna Kline
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- - **Homepage:**
67
  - **Repository:** https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools
68
  - **Paper:** kabr-tools (manuscript in preparation)
69
 
70
- Annotations were created to evaluate the kabr-tools pipeline and conduct case studies on Grevy's landscape of fear and inter-species spatial distribution. Annotations include manual detections and tracks, mini-scenes cut from source videos, behavior annotations from an X3D action recognition model, and associated drone telemetry data. The detections contains bounding box coordinates, image file names, and class labels for each annotated animal. Annotations were created using CVAT to manually draw bounding boxes around animals in a selection of raw drone videos. The annotations were then exported as xml files and used to create the provided mini-scenes. The KABR X3D model was used to label the mini-scenes with predicted behaviors. Telemetry data was exported from Airdata.
71
 
72
  ### Session Summary
73
 
74
- | Session | Date Collected | Demographic Information and Habitat | Video File IDs in Session |
75
- |---------|---------------|--------------|---------|
76
- | `1` | 2023-01-18 | 2 Adult male Grevy's zebra in an open plain| DJI_0068, DJI_0069, DJI_0070, DJI_0071 |
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- | `2` | 2023-01-20 | 5 Grevy's zebra in a semi-open habitat along a roadway| DJI_0142, DJI_0143, DJI_0144, DJI_0145, DJI_0146, DJI_0147 |
78
- | `3` | 2023-01-21 | Mixed herd of 3 reticulated giraffe, 2 plains zebras and 11 Grevy's zebras in a closed habitat with dense vegetation near Mo Kenya| DJI_0206, DJI_0208, DJI_0210, DJI_0211 |
 
 
79
 
80
  ## Dataset Structure
81
  ```text
82
 
83
- ├── behavior
84
  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0068.csv
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  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0069.csv
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- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0070.csv
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- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0071.csv
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0142.csv
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0143.csv
90
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0144.csv
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0145.csv
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0146.csv
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0147.csv
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- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0206.csv
95
- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208.csv
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- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0210.csv
97
  │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0211.csv
98
  │ └── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0212.csv
99
- ├── detections
100
  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0068.xml
101
  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0069.xml
102
- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0070.xml
103
- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0071.xml
104
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0142.xml
105
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0143.xml
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0144.xml
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0145.xml
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0146.xml
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- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0147.xml
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- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0206.xml
111
- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208.xml
112
- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0210.xml
113
  │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0211.xml
114
  │ └── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0212.xml
115
- ├── mini_scenes
116
- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0068
117
  │ │ ├── 0.mp4
118
  │ │ ├── 1.mp4
119
- │ │ ├── DJI_0068.mp4
120
- │ │ └── metadata
121
  │ │ ├── DJI_0068.jpg
122
  │ │ ├── DJI_0068_metadata.json
123
  │ │ └── DJI_0068_tracks.xml
124
- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0069
125
  │ │ ├── 0.mp4
126
  │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0069.mp4
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- │ │ └── metadata
129
  │ │ ├── DJI_0069.jpg
130
  │ │ ├── DJI_0069_metadata.json
131
  │ │ └── DJI_0069_tracks.xml
132
- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0070
133
- ├── 0.mp4
134
- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
135
- │ │ ├── DJI_0070.mp4
136
- │ │ └── metadata
137
- │ │ ├── DJI_0070.jpg
138
- │ │ ├── DJI_0070_metadata.json
139
- │ │ └── DJI_0070_tracks.xml
140
- │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0071
141
- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
143
- │ │ ├── DJI_0071.mp4
144
- │ │ └── metadata
145
- │ │ ├── DJI_0071.jpg
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0071_metadata.json
147
- │ │ └── DJI_0071_tracks.xml
148
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0142
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 10.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 11.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 5.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 6.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 7.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 8.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 9.mp4
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- │ │ ├── actions
162
- │ │ ├── DJI_0142.mp4
163
- │ │ └── metadata
164
- │ │ ├── DJI_0142.jpg
165
- │ │ ├── DJI_0142_metadata.json
166
- │ │ └── DJI_0142_tracks.xml
167
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0143
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── actions
174
- │ │ ├── DJI_0143.mp4
175
- │ │ └── metadata
176
- │ │ ├── DJI_0143.jpg
177
- │ │ ├── DJI_0143_metadata.json
178
- │ │ └── DJI_0143_tracks.xml
179
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0144
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 5.mp4
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- │ │ ├── actions
187
- │ │ ├── DJI_0144.mp4
188
- │ │ └── metadata
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0144.jpg
190
- │ │ ├── DJI_0144_metadata.json
191
- │ │ └── DJI_0144_tracks.xml
192
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0145
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── actions
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0145.mp4
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- │ │ └── metadata
201
- │ │ ├── DJI_0145.jpg
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0145_metadata.json
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- │ │ └── DJI_0145_tracks.xml
204
- │ ├── 20_01_2023_session_3-DJI_0146
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 5.mp4
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- │ │ ├── actions
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0146.mp4
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- │ │ └── metadata
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0146.jpg
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0146_metadata.json
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- │ │ └── DJI_0146_tracks.xml
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- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0206
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 10.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 11.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 12.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 13.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 14.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 15.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 16.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 17.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 18.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 19.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 20.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 21.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 22.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 23.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 24.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 25.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 26.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 27.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 28.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 29.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 30.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 31.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 5.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 6.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 7.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 8.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 9.mp4
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0206.mp4
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- │ │ └── metadata
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0206.jpg
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0206_metadata.json
254
- │ │ └── DJI_0206_tracks.xml
255
- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208
256
  │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 10.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 11.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 12.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 13.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 14.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 15.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 16.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 17.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 18.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 19.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 20.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 21.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 22.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 23.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 24.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 25.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 26.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 27.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 28.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 29.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 30.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 31.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 32.mp4
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  │ │ ├── 33.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 34.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 35.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 36.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 37.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 38.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 39.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 40.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 41.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 42.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 43.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 44.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 45.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 46.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 47.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 48.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 49.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 50.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 51.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 52.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 53.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 54.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 55.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 5.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 6.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 7.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 8.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 9.mp4
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0208.mp4
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- │ │ └── metadata
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0208.jpg
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0208_metadata.json
316
- │ │ └── DJI_0208_tracks.xml
317
- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0210
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 10.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 11.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 12.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 13.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 14.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 15.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 16.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 17.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 18.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 19.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 20.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 21.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 22.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 23.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 24.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 5.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 6.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 7.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 8.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 9.mp4
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0210.mp4
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- │ │ └── metadata
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0210.jpg
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0210_metadata.json
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- │ │ └── DJI_0210_tracks.xml
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- │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0211
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- │ │ ├── 0.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 10.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 11.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 12.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 13.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 14.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 15.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 16.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 17.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 18.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 19.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 1.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 20.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 21.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 22.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 23.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 24.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 25.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 26.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 27.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 28.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 29.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 2.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 30.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 31.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 32.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 33.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 3.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 4.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 5.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 6.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 7.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 8.mp4
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- │ │ ├── 9.mp4
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- │ │ ├── DJI_0211.mp4
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- │ │ └── metadata
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  │ │ ├── DJI_0211.jpg
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  │ │ ├── DJI_0211_metadata.json
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  │ │ └── DJI_0211_tracks.xml
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- │ └── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0212
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  │ ├── 0.mp4
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  │ ├── 10.mp4
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  │ ├── 11.mp4
@@ -401,38 +134,39 @@ Annotations were created to evaluate the kabr-tools pipeline and conduct case st
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  │ ├── 7.mp4
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  │ ├── 8.mp4
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  │ ├── 9.mp4
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- ├── DJI_0212.mp4
405
- │ └── metadata
406
  │ ├── DJI_0212.jpg
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  │ ├── DJI_0212_metadata.json
408
  │ └── DJI_0212_tracks.xml
409
  ├── README.md
410
- └── telemetry
411
- ├── Jan-18th-2023-12-47PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
412
- ├── Jan-20th-2023-12-58PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
413
- └── Jan-21st-2023-02-49PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
414
 
415
  ```
416
 
 
 
417
  ## What each file/folder is for
418
 
419
  | Path / Pattern | Purpose |
420
  |---|---|
421
- | `detections/*.xml` | **Manual detections/tracks** per source video (CVAT “tracks” XML). One `<track>` per animal across frames; used to cut mini-scenes. |
 
422
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/DJI_XXXX.mp4` | The **source video** referenced by detections for that `<video_id>`. |
423
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/<k>.mp4` | **Mini-scenes** (short clips) cut from the source video based on detection tracks (`0.mp4`, `1.mp4`, …). |
424
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/metadata/DJI_XXXX_tracks.xml` | Copy of the **CVAT tracks** used to generate the mini-scenes (provenance). |
425
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/metadata/DJI_XXXX_metadata.json` | **Video-level metadata** (session/date, FPS, resolution, timing, etc.). |
426
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/metadata/DJI_XXXX.jpg` | **Thumbnail/keyframe** for quick preview. |
427
- | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/actions/` | **Per-clip auto behavior labels** from the X3D action model (CSV or JSON; presence varies by video). |
428
- | `behavior/*.csv` | **Per-video roll-ups** of X3D behavior predictions. One row per mini-scene clip with label + references (and optional timing/confidence). |
429
- | `telemetry/*Flight-Airdata.csv` | **Drone flight logs** (Airdata export) for the corresponding sessions (timing, altitude, battery, etc.). |
430
  | `README.md` | Repository-level notes and usage tips. |
431
 
432
 
433
  ## Data instances
434
 
435
- - **Detection instance (XML):** one `<track>` spans frames; each `<box>` is a frame-level bounding box with coordinates and flags.
436
  - **Mini-scene instance (MP4):** a short clip indexed by file name (`k.mp4`) under `mini_scenes/<video_id>/`.
437
  - **Behavior instance (CSV row):** one mini-scene with **X3D-predicted behavior** and references to the clip (plus optional confidence/timing).
438
  - **Telemetry instance (CSV row):** one flight-log record from Airdata with timestamped vehicle context.
@@ -444,30 +178,30 @@ Annotations were created to evaluate the kabr-tools pipeline and conduct case st
444
 
445
  | Element / Attribute | Type | Example | Meaning |
446
  | --- | --- | --- | --- |
447
- | `/annotations/version` | string | `1.1` | Annotation file/schema version. |
448
- | `/annotations/track@id` | integer | `0` | Unique id for a tracked object. |
449
  | `/annotations/track@label` | string | `Grevy` | Class/species label. |
450
- | `/annotations/track@source` | string | `manual` | How the annotation was created. |
451
  | `/annotations/track/box@frame` | int (0-based) | `0,1,2,…` | Frame index. |
452
  | `/annotations/track/box@outside` | enum {`0`,`1`} | `0` | `0` present; `1` not visible. |
453
- | `/annotations/track/box@occluded`| enum {`0`,`1`} | `0` | Occlusion flag. |
454
- | `/annotations/track/box@keyframe`| enum {`0`,`1`} | `1` | Keyframe marker. |
455
- | `/annotations/track/box@xtl` | float (px) | `2342.00` | X of top-left. |
456
- | `/annotations/track/box@ytl` | float (px) | `2427.00` | Y of top-left. |
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- | `/annotations/track/box@xbr` | float (px) | `2530.00` | X of bottom-right. |
458
- | `/annotations/track/box@ybr` | float (px) | `2623.00` | Y of bottom-right. |
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  | `/annotations/track/box@z_order` | integer | `0` | Drawing order. |
460
 
461
 
462
  ### B. Behavior CSV (auto labels; one file per source video)
463
 
464
- > **Note:** Column names may vary slightly by export; use the header in each CSV as ground truth.
465
 
466
  | Column (typical) | Example | Meaning |
467
  |---|---|---|
468
  | `clip_path` or `clip_id` | `mini_scenes/21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208/33.mp4` | Relative path to the mini-scene clip. |
469
  | `source_video` | `DJI_0208.mp4` | Name of the parent/source video. |
470
- | `video_id` | `21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208` | Folder/video identifier. |
471
  | `clip_index` | `33` | Index of the clip within the video folder. |
472
  | `behavior` | `walking` | X3D-predicted action/behavior label. |
473
  | `confidence` | `0.92` | Model confidence/probability (if provided). |
@@ -475,7 +209,7 @@ Annotations were created to evaluate the kabr-tools pipeline and conduct case st
475
  | `end_frame` | `1450` | Last frame of the segment (if provided). |
476
  | `start_time` | `00:00:41.2` | Segment start time (if provided). |
477
  | `end_time` | `00:00:48.8` | Segment end time (if provided). |
478
- | `species` | `Grevy` | Species label (if propagated/available). |
479
  | `notes` | `—` | Free-text notes or flags (optional). |
480
  | `model` | `x3d` | Model identifier used to label. |
481
  | `model_version` | `x3d_m` | Specific checkpoint/version tag (optional). |
@@ -483,76 +217,66 @@ Annotations were created to evaluate the kabr-tools pipeline and conduct case st
483
 
484
  ### C. Mini-scene metadata JSON (per source video)
485
 
486
- > **Typical keys** (presence may vary):
487
 
488
  | Key | Example | Meaning |
489
  |---|---|---|
490
- | `video_id` | `21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208` | Folder/video identifier. |
491
  | `source_video` | `DJI_0208.mp4` | Original MP4 filename. |
492
- | `session_date` | `2023-01-21` | Capture date. |
493
  | `session_id` | `session_5` | Field session tag. |
494
- | `fps` | `29.97` | Frames per second. |
495
- | `resolution` | `[3840, 2160]` | Width × height (px). |
496
  | `duration_s` | `123.45` | Video duration (seconds). |
497
- | `timezone` | `Africa/Nairobi` | Local timezone of recording. |
498
  | `generator` | `mini_scene_cutter@<git-sha>` | Tool/commit that wrote the metadata. |
499
  | `tracks_xml` | `DJI_0208_tracks.xml` | Provenance link to the CVAT tracks file. |
500
 
501
 
502
- ### D. Actions folder (per-clip predictions; if present)
503
-
504
- - **CSV format (typical columns):** `clip_index`, `clip_path`, `behavior`, `confidence`, `model`, `model_version`.
505
- - **JSON format (typical fields):** object per clip with `index`, `path`, `label`, `score`, `model`, `model_version`.
506
-
507
 
508
- ### E. Telemetry CSV (Airdata export)
509
-
510
- > Columns depend on Airdata export settings; common fields include:
511
 
512
  | Column (common) | Example | Meaning |
513
  |---|---|---|
514
  | `UTC Timestamp` | `2023-01-21 12:49:07` | Log timestamp (UTC). |
515
- | `Latitude` / `Longitude` | `0.28123`, `37.12345` | Aircraft location. |
516
- | `Altitude (m)` | `68.2` | Altitude above takeoff or MSL (per export). |
517
- | `AGL (m)` | `47.9` | Above-ground level (if provided). |
518
- | `Speed (m/s)` | `9.4` | Horizontal speed. |
519
  | `Heading (deg)` | `135` | Yaw/heading. |
520
  | `Battery (%)` | `54` | Remaining battery percentage. |
521
- | `Flight Mode` | `P-GPS` | Autopilot mode. |
522
- | `Distance (m)` | `122.5` | Distance from home point. |
523
 
524
 
525
 
526
  ## Dataset Creation
527
 
528
  ### Curation Rationale
529
- Created to evaluate kabr-tools pipeline and conduct case studies on Grevy's landscape of fear and inter-species spatial distribution.
530
 
531
  ### Source Data
532
 
533
  <!-- This section describes the source data (e.g., news text and headlines, social media posts, translated sentences, ...). As well as an original source it was created from (e.g., sampling from Zenodo records, compiling images from different aggregators, etc.) -->
534
 
535
  #### Data Collection and Processing
536
- Data collected at Mpala Research Centre, Kenya, in January 2023. The data was collected using a DJI Air 2S drone and manually annotated using CVAT. The annotations were exported as xml files.
537
 
538
  #### Who are the source data producers?
539
- See citation for kabr-full-video dataset - https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos
540
 
541
 
542
  ### Annotations
543
- <!--
544
- If the dataset contains annotations which are not part of the initial data collection, use this section to describe them.
545
-
546
- Ex: We standardized the taxonomic labels provided by the various data sources to conform to a uniform 7-rank Linnean structure. (Then, under annotation process, describe how this was done: Our sources used different names for the same kingdom (both _Animalia_ and _Metazoa_), so we chose one for all (_Animalia_). -->
547
 
548
  #### Annotation process
549
- CVAT was used to manually annotate the bounding boxes around animals in the videos. The annotations were then exported as xml files to create mini-scenes using tracks_extractor.py. The mini-scenes were then labeled with predicted behaviors using the KABR X3D action recognition model using the miniscene2behavior.py.
550
 
551
  #### Who are the annotators?
552
  Alison Zhong and Jenna Kline
553
 
554
  ### Personal and Sensitive Information
555
- People trimmed from the videos before annotation.
556
  Endangered species are included in the dataset, but no personal or sensitive information is included.
557
 
558
 
@@ -560,25 +284,25 @@ Endangered species are included in the dataset, but no personal or sensitive inf
560
 
561
  ### Intended Use Cases
562
 
563
- This dataset serves as a **worked example** for the kabr-tools pipeline and is specifically designed for:
564
- - **Pipeline demonstration**: Showing complete end-to-end processing from raw videos to behavioral annotations
565
- - **Method validation**: Evaluating automated detection and behavior recognition against manual annotations
566
- - **Case study research**: Supporting specific research questions on Grevy's zebra landscape of fear and inter-species spatial distribution
567
- - **Educational purposes**: Teaching researchers how to use the kabr-tools pipeline with real data
568
- - **Reproducibility**: Providing a reference implementation with known inputs and outputs
569
 
570
  ### Important Data Considerations
571
 
572
  **Limited scope**: This is a **demonstration dataset** with only 3 sessions and 15 video files, designed to illustrate methodology rather than provide comprehensive coverage.
573
 
574
- **Session heterogeneity**: Each session represents distinctly different scenarios:
575
- - **Session 1**: Minimal complexity (2 male Grevy's zebras, open habitat)
576
- - **Session 2**: Moderate complexity (5 Grevy's zebras, semi-open roadway habitat)
577
- - **Session 3**: High complexity (mixed species, dense vegetation, 16 total animals)
578
 
579
  **Processing completeness**: Not all videos have complete processing outputs - some lack `actions/` folders, reflecting real-world pipeline execution variability.
580
 
581
- **Annotation methodology**: Manual detections serve as ground truth, while behavior labels are X3D model predictions, not expert-validated behaviors.
582
 
583
  ### Bias, Risks, and Limitations
584
 
@@ -589,12 +313,12 @@ This dataset serves as a **worked example** for the kabr-tools pipeline and is s
589
 
590
  **Species representation bias**:
591
  - Heavily weighted toward Grevy's zebras (endangered species focus)
592
- - Giraffes only present in one session (Session 3)
593
  - Plains zebras only in mixed-species context
594
  - May not represent typical behavioral patterns for each species
595
 
596
  **Habitat and temporal constraints**:
597
- - Single location (Mpala Research Centre, Kenya)
598
  - 3-day collection window (January 18-21, 2023)
599
  - Limited environmental and seasonal variability
600
  - Habitat types may not represent species' full range
@@ -607,7 +331,7 @@ This dataset serves as a **worked example** for the kabr-tools pipeline and is s
607
 
608
  **Methodological constraints**:
609
  - Manual annotations by only 2 annotators (potential inter-annotator variability)
610
- - CVAT tracking may have limitations in dense vegetation (Session 3)
611
  - Behavior model trained on different dataset, may not generalize perfectly
612
 
613
  ### Recommendations
@@ -615,16 +339,16 @@ This dataset serves as a **worked example** for the kabr-tools pipeline and is s
615
  **For pipeline evaluation and development**:
616
  - Use manual detections in `detections/*.xml` as ground truth for automated detection validation
617
  - Compare processing outputs across sessions to understand pipeline performance in different scenarios
618
- - Use Session 1 (simple) for initial testing, Session 3 (complex) for stress testing
619
  - Validate timestamp alignment between telemetry and video data before spatial analysis
620
 
621
  **For case study research**:
622
- - **Landscape of fear studies**: Focus on Grevy's zebra data from Sessions 1 and 2; use telemetry data to correlate spatial position with behaviors
623
- - **Inter-species analysis**: Use Session 3 mixed-species data; consider habitat complexity when interpreting interactions
624
  - Account for small sample sizes in statistical analyses and interpretation
625
 
626
  **For educational use**:
627
- - Start with Session 1 data for learning pipeline basics
628
  - Progress through sessions in order of increasing complexity
629
  - Use metadata files to understand processing provenance
630
  - Examine both successful and incomplete processing examples
@@ -643,8 +367,8 @@ This dataset serves as a **worked example** for the kabr-tools pipeline and is s
643
 
644
  ## References
645
 
646
- - Original KABR dataset: [https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR)
647
- - KABR raw videos: [https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos)
648
  - kabr-tools repository: [https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools)
649
  - Mpala Research Centre: [https://mpala.org/](https://mpala.org/)
650
 
@@ -661,9 +385,10 @@ This dataset is dedicated to the public domain for the benefit of scientific pur
661
  @misc{KABR_worked_example,
662
  author = {Zhong, Alison and Kline, Jenna and Kholiavchenko, Maksim and Stevens, Sam and Sheets, Alec and Babu, Reshma and Banerji, Namrata and Campolongo, Elizabeth and Thompson, Matthew and Van Tiel, Nina and Miliko, Jackson and Rosser, Neil and Stewart, Charles and Berger-Wolf, Tanya and Rubenstein, Daniel},
663
  title = {KABR Worked Example: Manually Annotated Detections and Behavioral Analysis for Kenyan Wildlife Pipeline Demonstration},
664
- year = {2023},
665
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-worked-example},
666
- publisher = {Hugging Face}
 
667
  }
668
  ```
669
 
@@ -682,15 +407,14 @@ This dataset is dedicated to the public domain for the benefit of scientific pur
682
  ```
683
  @article{kabr_tools_manuscript,
684
  title={kabr-tools: An Open-Source Pipeline for Automated Wildlife Behavior Analysis from Drone Videos},
685
- author={Zhong, Alison and Kline, Jenna and [additional authors]},
686
  journal={[Journal name]},
687
  year={[Year]},
688
  note={Manuscript in preparation}
689
  }
690
  ```
691
 
692
- Please also cite the original data sources:
693
- - Original KABR dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR
694
  - KABR raw videos: https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos
695
 
696
  ## Contributions
@@ -699,7 +423,7 @@ This work was supported by the [Imageomics Institute](https://imageomics.org), w
699
 
700
  Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
701
 
702
- The data was collected at the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Kenya, in accordance with Research License No. NACOSTI/P/22/18214. The data collection protocol adhered strictly to the guidelines set forth by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under permission No. IACUC 1835F.
703
 
704
  ### Dataset Creation Contributors
705
 
@@ -714,9 +438,11 @@ The data was collected at the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Ken
714
 
715
  **Mini-scene**: Short video clips (typically 5-10 seconds) extracted from source videos, centered on individual animals based on tracking annotations.
716
 
 
 
717
  **CVAT**: Computer Vision Annotation Tool - open-source software used for manual video annotation and object tracking.
718
 
719
- **X3D**: 3D CNN architecture used for video-based action recognition, adapted for animal behavior classification in the KABR project.
720
 
721
  **Track**: A sequence of bounding boxes following a single animal across multiple video frames.
722
 
@@ -728,7 +454,7 @@ The data was collected at the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Ken
728
 
729
  For detailed usage instructions and code examples, see the [kabr-tools repository](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools).
730
 
731
- For questions about the broader KABR project and related datasets, visit the [Imageomics Institute website](https://imageomics.org).
732
 
733
  This dataset is part of a larger effort to develop automated methods for wildlife monitoring and conservation using computer vision and machine learning techniques.
734
 
@@ -738,4 +464,4 @@ Jenna Kline
738
 
739
  ## Dataset Card Contact
740
 
741
- kline dot 377 at osu dot edu
 
20
  - Mpala Research Centre
21
  language:
22
  - en
23
+ pretty_name: "KABR Worked Examples"
24
  size_categories:
25
  - 1K<n<10K
26
  ---
27
 
28
+ # Dataset Card for KABR Worked Examples
29
+
30
+ This dataset is comprised of manually annotated bounding box detections, mini-scenes, behavior annotations, and associated telemetry
31
+ for three drone video sessions that were used for [kabr-tools](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools) case studies. Drone video was collected at [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in January 2023; please see the [full video dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-full-video) for more information on original video context.
32
 
33
  ## Table of Contents
34
  - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
 
42
  - [A. Detections (CVAT "tracks" XML)](#a-detections-cvat-tracks-xml)
43
  - [B. Behavior CSV (auto labels; one file per source video)](#b-behavior-csv-auto-labels-one-file-per-source-video)
44
  - [C. Mini-scene metadata JSON (per source video)](#c-mini-scene-metadata-json-per-source-video)
45
+ - [D. Telemetry CSV (Airdata export)](#e-telemetry-csv-airdata-export)
 
46
  - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
47
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
48
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
 
59
 
60
 
61
  ## Dataset Details
 
 
62
 
63
  ### Dataset Description
64
 
65
  - **Curated by:** Alison Zhong and Jenna Kline
66
+ - **Homepage:** https://imageomics.github.io/KABR
67
  - **Repository:** https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools
68
  - **Paper:** kabr-tools (manuscript in preparation)
69
 
70
+ Annotations were created to evaluate the [kabr-tools pipeline](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools) and conduct case studies on Grevy's landscape of fear and inter-species spatial distribution. Annotations include manual detections and tracks, mini-scenes cut from source videos, behavior annotations from an X3D action recognition model, and associated drone telemetry data. The detections contain bounding box coordinates, image file names, and class labels for each annotated animal. Annotations were created using [CVAT](https://www.cvat.ai/) to manually draw bounding boxes around animals in a selection of raw drone videos. The annotations were then exported as xml files and used to create the provided mini-scenes. The [KABR X3D model](https://huggingface.co/imageomics/x3d-kabr-kinetics) was used to label the mini-scenes with predicted behaviors. Telemetry data was exported from [Airdata](https://airdata.com/).
71
 
72
  ### Session Summary
73
 
74
+ | Session | Date Collected | Demographic Information and Habitat | Video File IDs in Session | Session Source Videos (link) |
75
+ |---------|---------------|--------------|---------|---------|
76
+ | `ex-1` | 2023-01-18 | 2 Adult male Grevy's zebras in an open plain| `DJI_0068`, `DJI_0069`, `DJI_0070`, `DJI_0071` | [imageomics/kabr-full-video/18_01_2023_session_7/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-full-video/tree/main/18_01_2023_session_7) |
77
+ | `ex-2` | 2023-01-20 | 5 Grevy's zebras in a semi-open habitat along a roadway| `DJI_0142`, `DJI_0143`, `DJI_0144`, `DJI_0145`, `DJI_0146`, `DJI_0147` | [imageomics/kabr-full-video/20_01_2023_session_3/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-full-video/tree/main/20_01_2023_session_3) |
78
+ | `ex-3` | 2023-01-21 | Mixed herd of 3 reticulated giraffes, 2 plains zebras and 11 Grevy's zebras in a closed habitat with dense vegetation near Mo Kenya| `DJI_0206`, `DJI_0208`, `DJI_0210`, `DJI_0211` | [imageomics/kabr-full-video/21_01_2023_session_5/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-full-video/tree/main/21_01_2023_session_5) |
79
+
80
+ **Note:** Session numbers (as used in identifiers) are based on _all_ KABR video sessions, while we focus in this dataset on Sessions 7, 5, and 3, which we label as Sessions ex-1, ex-2, and ex-3, respectively.
81
 
82
  ## Dataset Structure
83
  ```text
84
 
85
+ ├── behavior/
86
  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0068.csv
87
  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0069.csv
88
+ │ ├── ...
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
89
  │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0211.csv
90
  │ └── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0212.csv
91
+ ├── detections/
92
  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0068.xml
93
  │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0069.xml
94
+ │ ├── ...
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
95
  │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0211.xml
96
  │ └── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0212.xml
97
+ ├── mini_scenes/
98
+ │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0068/
99
  │ │ ├── 0.mp4
100
  │ │ ├── 1.mp4
101
+ │ │ └── metadata/
 
102
  │ │ ├── DJI_0068.jpg
103
  │ │ ├── DJI_0068_metadata.json
104
  │ │ └── DJI_0068_tracks.xml
105
+ │ ├── 18_01_2023_session_7-DJI_0069/
106
  │ │ ├── 0.mp4
107
  │ │ ├── 1.mp4
108
+ │ │ └── metadata/
 
109
  │ │ ├── DJI_0069.jpg
110
  │ │ ├── DJI_0069_metadata.json
111
  │ │ └── DJI_0069_tracks.xml
112
+ │ ├── ...
113
+ │ ├── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0211/
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
114
  │ │ ├── 0.mp4
115
+ │ │ ├── ...
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
116
  │ │ ├── 33.mp4
117
+ │ │ └── metadata/
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
118
  │ │ ├── DJI_0211.jpg
119
  │ │ ├── DJI_0211_metadata.json
120
  │ │ └── DJI_0211_tracks.xml
121
+ │ └── 21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0212/
122
  │ ├── 0.mp4
123
  │ ├── 10.mp4
124
  │ ├── 11.mp4
 
134
  │ ├── 7.mp4
135
  │ ├── 8.mp4
136
  │ ├── 9.mp4
137
+ └── metadata/
 
138
  │ ├── DJI_0212.jpg
139
  │ ├── DJI_0212_metadata.json
140
  │ └── DJI_0212_tracks.xml
141
  ├── README.md
142
+ └── telemetry/
143
+ ├── 18_01_2023-session_7-Flight_Airdata.csv
144
+ ├── 20_01_2023-session_3-Flight_Airdata.csv
145
+ └── 21_01_2023-session_5-Flight_Airdata.csv
146
 
147
  ```
148
 
149
+ **Note:** Each video has an associated `video_id`, which is defined as `<DD>_01_2023_session_<session-number>-DJI_<video-number>` (ex: `21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0212`). This ID is used to identify and link all (meta)data associated with that video.
150
+
151
  ## What each file/folder is for
152
 
153
  | Path / Pattern | Purpose |
154
  |---|---|
155
+ | `behavior/<video_id>.csv` | **Per-video roll-ups** of X3D behavior predictions. CSV containing one row per mini-scene clip with label + references (video, track, frame). |
156
+ | `detections/<video_id>.xml` | **Manual detections/tracks** per source video (CVAT “tracks” XML). One `<track>` per animal across frames; used to cut mini-scenes. |
157
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/DJI_XXXX.mp4` | The **source video** referenced by detections for that `<video_id>`. |
158
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/<k>.mp4` | **Mini-scenes** (short clips) cut from the source video based on detection tracks (`0.mp4`, `1.mp4`, …). |
159
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/metadata/DJI_XXXX_tracks.xml` | Copy of the **CVAT tracks** used to generate the mini-scenes (provenance). |
160
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/metadata/DJI_XXXX_metadata.json` | **Video-level metadata** (session/date, FPS, resolution, timing, etc.). |
161
  | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/metadata/DJI_XXXX.jpg` | **Thumbnail/keyframe** for quick preview. |
162
+ | `mini_scenes/<video_id>/actions/` | **Per-clip auto behavior labels** from the [X3D action model](https://huggingface.co/imageomics/x3d-kabr-kinetics) (CSV or JSON; presence varies by video). |
163
+ | `telemetry/<DD>_01_2023-session_<session-number>-Flight_Airdata.csv` | **Drone flight logs** ([Airdata](https://airdata.com/) export) for the corresponding sessions (timing, altitude, battery, etc.). |
 
164
  | `README.md` | Repository-level notes and usage tips. |
165
 
166
 
167
  ## Data instances
168
 
169
+ - **Detection instance (XML):** one `<track>` spans all frames of a video; each `<box>` is a frame-level bounding box with coordinates and flags.
170
  - **Mini-scene instance (MP4):** a short clip indexed by file name (`k.mp4`) under `mini_scenes/<video_id>/`.
171
  - **Behavior instance (CSV row):** one mini-scene with **X3D-predicted behavior** and references to the clip (plus optional confidence/timing).
172
  - **Telemetry instance (CSV row):** one flight-log record from Airdata with timestamped vehicle context.
 
178
 
179
  | Element / Attribute | Type | Example | Meaning |
180
  | --- | --- | --- | --- |
181
+ | `/annotations/version` | string | `1.1` | Annotation file (XML) version. |
182
+ | `/annotations/track@id` | integer | `0` | Unique id for a tracked object _within_ the video. |
183
  | `/annotations/track@label` | string | `Grevy` | Class/species label. |
184
+ | `/annotations/track@source` | string | `manual` | How the annotation was created. These are all `manual`. |
185
  | `/annotations/track/box@frame` | int (0-based) | `0,1,2,…` | Frame index. |
186
  | `/annotations/track/box@outside` | enum {`0`,`1`} | `0` | `0` present; `1` not visible. |
187
+ | `/annotations/track/box@occluded`| enum {`0`,`1`} | `0` | Occlusion flag (`1` indicates the subject is occluded). |
188
+ | `/annotations/track/box@keyframe`| enum {`0`,`1`} | `1` | Keyframe marker. Every 10th frame is considered a "keyframe" (CVAT default setting). |
189
+ | `/annotations/track/box@xtl` | float (px) | `2342.00` | X coordinate of top-left corner. |
190
+ | `/annotations/track/box@ytl` | float (px) | `2427.00` | Y coordinate of top-left corner. |
191
+ | `/annotations/track/box@xbr` | float (px) | `2530.00` | X coordinate of bottom-right corner. |
192
+ | `/annotations/track/box@ybr` | float (px) | `2623.00` | Y coordinate of bottom-right corner. |
193
  | `/annotations/track/box@z_order` | integer | `0` | Drawing order. |
194
 
195
 
196
  ### B. Behavior CSV (auto labels; one file per source video)
197
 
198
+ **Note:** Column names may vary slightly by export; use the header in each CSV as ground truth.
199
 
200
  | Column (typical) | Example | Meaning |
201
  |---|---|---|
202
  | `clip_path` or `clip_id` | `mini_scenes/21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208/33.mp4` | Relative path to the mini-scene clip. |
203
  | `source_video` | `DJI_0208.mp4` | Name of the parent/source video. |
204
+ | `video_id` | `21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208` | Folder/video identifier. This ID is used to identify and link all (meta)data associated with that source video. |
205
  | `clip_index` | `33` | Index of the clip within the video folder. |
206
  | `behavior` | `walking` | X3D-predicted action/behavior label. |
207
  | `confidence` | `0.92` | Model confidence/probability (if provided). |
 
209
  | `end_frame` | `1450` | Last frame of the segment (if provided). |
210
  | `start_time` | `00:00:41.2` | Segment start time (if provided). |
211
  | `end_time` | `00:00:48.8` | Segment end time (if provided). |
212
+ | `species` | `Grevy` | Species label (if propagated/available). Only three potential labels: `Grevy`, `Plain Zebra`, or `Giraffe`. |
213
  | `notes` | `—` | Free-text notes or flags (optional). |
214
  | `model` | `x3d` | Model identifier used to label. |
215
  | `model_version` | `x3d_m` | Specific checkpoint/version tag (optional). |
 
217
 
218
  ### C. Mini-scene metadata JSON (per source video)
219
 
220
+ **Typical keys** (presence may vary):
221
 
222
  | Key | Example | Meaning |
223
  |---|---|---|
224
+ | `video_id` | `21_01_2023_session_5-DJI_0208` | Folder/video identifier. This ID is used to identify and link all (meta)data associated with that source video. |
225
  | `source_video` | `DJI_0208.mp4` | Original MP4 filename. |
226
+ | `session_date` | `2023-01-21` | Capture date (`YYYY-MM-DD`). |
227
  | `session_id` | `session_5` | Field session tag. |
228
+ | `fps` | `29.97` | Frames per second of recording. |
229
+ | `resolution` | `[3840, 2160]` | Width × height (px) (in list format). |
230
  | `duration_s` | `123.45` | Video duration (seconds). |
231
+ | `timezone` | `Africa/Nairobi` | Local timezone of recording (UTC+3). |
232
  | `generator` | `mini_scene_cutter@<git-sha>` | Tool/commit that wrote the metadata. |
233
  | `tracks_xml` | `DJI_0208_tracks.xml` | Provenance link to the CVAT tracks file. |
234
 
235
 
236
+ ### D. Telemetry CSV (Airdata export)
 
 
 
 
237
 
238
+ Columns depend on [Airdata](https://airdata.com/) export settings; common fields include:
 
 
239
 
240
  | Column (common) | Example | Meaning |
241
  |---|---|---|
242
  | `UTC Timestamp` | `2023-01-21 12:49:07` | Log timestamp (UTC). |
243
+ | `Latitude` , `Longitude` | `0.28123`, `37.12345` | Aircraft location in decimal degrees. |
244
+ | `Altitude (m)` | `68.2` | Altitude (meters) above takeoff or MSL (per export). |
245
+ | `AGL (m)` | `47.9` | Above-ground level (in meters, if provided). |
246
+ | `Speed (m/s)` | `9.4` | Horizontal speed (meters per second). |
247
  | `Heading (deg)` | `135` | Yaw/heading. |
248
  | `Battery (%)` | `54` | Remaining battery percentage. |
249
+ | `FlyState` | `P-GPS` | This indicates high-level drone status, such as `Motors_Started`, `Assisted_Takeoff`, `P-GPS` (positioning-gps mode), `Landing`. |
250
+ | `Distance (m)` | `122.5` | Distance from home point (in meters). Specifically, Distance = current GPS - home point GPS. |
251
 
252
 
253
 
254
  ## Dataset Creation
255
 
256
  ### Curation Rationale
257
+ Created to evaluate [kabr-tools](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools) pipeline and conduct case studies on Grevy's landscape of fear and inter-species spatial distribution.
258
 
259
  ### Source Data
260
 
261
  <!-- This section describes the source data (e.g., news text and headlines, social media posts, translated sentences, ...). As well as an original source it was created from (e.g., sampling from Zenodo records, compiling images from different aggregators, etc.) -->
262
 
263
  #### Data Collection and Processing
264
+ Data collected at [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/), Kenya, in January 2023. The data was collected using a DJI Air 2S drone and manually annotated using [CVAT](https://www.cvat.ai/). The annotations were exported as XML files.
265
 
266
  #### Who are the source data producers?
267
+ [Imageomics/KABR-full-video dataset authors](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-full-video/blob/main/README.md#authors).
268
 
269
 
270
  ### Annotations
 
 
 
 
271
 
272
  #### Annotation process
273
+ A local instance of [CVAT](https://www.cvat.ai/) was used to manually annotate the bounding boxes around animals in the videos. The annotations were then exported as XML files to create mini-scenes using [`tracks_extractor.py`](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools/blob/master/src/kabr_tools/tracks_extractor.py). The mini-scenes were then labeled with predicted behaviors using the [KABR X3D action recognition model](https://huggingface.co/imageomics/x3d-kabr-kinetics) using the [`miniscene2behavior.py`](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools/blob/master/src/kabr_tools/miniscene2behavior.py).
274
 
275
  #### Who are the annotators?
276
  Alison Zhong and Jenna Kline
277
 
278
  ### Personal and Sensitive Information
279
+ Videos were trimmed (as needed) to remove people before annotation.
280
  Endangered species are included in the dataset, but no personal or sensitive information is included.
281
 
282
 
 
284
 
285
  ### Intended Use Cases
286
 
287
+ This dataset serves as a **worked example** for the [kabr-tools](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools) pipeline and is specifically designed for:
288
+ - **Pipeline demonstration**: Showing complete end-to-end processing from raw videos to behavioral annotations.
289
+ - **Method validation**: Evaluating automated detection and behavior recognition against manual annotations.
290
+ - **Case study research**: Supporting specific research questions on Grevy's zebra landscape of fear and inter-species spatial distribution.
291
+ - **Educational purposes**: Teaching researchers how to use the kabr-tools pipeline with real data.
292
+ - **Reproducibility**: Providing a reference implementation with known inputs and outputs.
293
 
294
  ### Important Data Considerations
295
 
296
  **Limited scope**: This is a **demonstration dataset** with only 3 sessions and 15 video files, designed to illustrate methodology rather than provide comprehensive coverage.
297
 
298
+ **Session heterogeneity**: Each example session represents distinctly different scenarios:
299
+ - **Session ex-1**: Minimal complexity (2 male Grevy's zebras, open habitat)
300
+ - **Session ex-2**: Moderate complexity (5 Grevy's zebras, semi-open roadway habitat)
301
+ - **Session ex-3**: High complexity (mixed species, dense vegetation, 16 total animals)
302
 
303
  **Processing completeness**: Not all videos have complete processing outputs - some lack `actions/` folders, reflecting real-world pipeline execution variability.
304
 
305
+ **Annotation methodology**: Manual detections serve as ground truth, while behavior labels are [X3D model](https://huggingface.co/imageomics/x3d-kabr-kinetics) predictions, not expert-validated behaviors.
306
 
307
  ### Bias, Risks, and Limitations
308
 
 
313
 
314
  **Species representation bias**:
315
  - Heavily weighted toward Grevy's zebras (endangered species focus)
316
+ - Giraffes only present in one session (Session ex-3)
317
  - Plains zebras only in mixed-species context
318
  - May not represent typical behavioral patterns for each species
319
 
320
  **Habitat and temporal constraints**:
321
+ - Single location ([Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/), Kenya)
322
  - 3-day collection window (January 18-21, 2023)
323
  - Limited environmental and seasonal variability
324
  - Habitat types may not represent species' full range
 
331
 
332
  **Methodological constraints**:
333
  - Manual annotations by only 2 annotators (potential inter-annotator variability)
334
+ - CVAT tracking may have limitations in dense vegetation (Session ex-3)
335
  - Behavior model trained on different dataset, may not generalize perfectly
336
 
337
  ### Recommendations
 
339
  **For pipeline evaluation and development**:
340
  - Use manual detections in `detections/*.xml` as ground truth for automated detection validation
341
  - Compare processing outputs across sessions to understand pipeline performance in different scenarios
342
+ - Use Session ex-1 (simple) for initial testing, Session ex-3 (complex) for stress testing
343
  - Validate timestamp alignment between telemetry and video data before spatial analysis
344
 
345
  **For case study research**:
346
+ - **Landscape of fear studies**: Focus on Grevy's zebra data from Sessions ex-1 and ex-2; use telemetry data to correlate spatial position with behaviors
347
+ - **Inter-species analysis**: Use Session ex-3 mixed-species data; consider habitat complexity when interpreting interactions
348
  - Account for small sample sizes in statistical analyses and interpretation
349
 
350
  **For educational use**:
351
+ - Start with Session ex-1 data for learning pipeline basics
352
  - Progress through sessions in order of increasing complexity
353
  - Use metadata files to understand processing provenance
354
  - Examine both successful and incomplete processing examples
 
367
 
368
  ## References
369
 
370
+ - Original KABR mini-scene dataset: [https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR)
371
+ - KABR raw videos (not processed for KABR mini-scene dataset): [https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos)
372
  - kabr-tools repository: [https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools)
373
  - Mpala Research Centre: [https://mpala.org/](https://mpala.org/)
374
 
 
385
  @misc{KABR_worked_example,
386
  author = {Zhong, Alison and Kline, Jenna and Kholiavchenko, Maksim and Stevens, Sam and Sheets, Alec and Babu, Reshma and Banerji, Namrata and Campolongo, Elizabeth and Thompson, Matthew and Van Tiel, Nina and Miliko, Jackson and Rosser, Neil and Stewart, Charles and Berger-Wolf, Tanya and Rubenstein, Daniel},
387
  title = {KABR Worked Example: Manually Annotated Detections and Behavioral Analysis for Kenyan Wildlife Pipeline Demonstration},
388
+ year = {2025},
389
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-worked-example},
390
+ publisher = {Hugging Face},
391
+ doi = { }
392
  }
393
  ```
394
 
 
407
  ```
408
  @article{kabr_tools_manuscript,
409
  title={kabr-tools: An Open-Source Pipeline for Automated Wildlife Behavior Analysis from Drone Videos},
410
+ author={Jenna Kline and Maksim Kholiavchenko and Samuel Stevens and Nina van Tiel and Namrata Banerji and Matthew Thompson and Elizabeth Campolongo and Michelle Ramirez and Alec Sheets and Alison Zhong and Sowbaranika Balasubramaniam and Isla Duporge and Jackson Miliko and Neil Rosser and Tanya Berger-Wolf and Charles V. Stewart and Daniel I. Rubenstein},
411
  journal={[Journal name]},
412
  year={[Year]},
413
  note={Manuscript in preparation}
414
  }
415
  ```
416
 
417
+ Please also cite the original data source:
 
418
  - KABR raw videos: https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos
419
 
420
  ## Contributions
 
423
 
424
  Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
425
 
426
+ The [raw data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR-full-videos) fed into the [KABR tools pipeline](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools) to produce this worked example was collected at the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Kenya, in accordance with Research License No. NACOSTI/P/22/18214. The data collection protocol adhered strictly to the guidelines set forth by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under permission No. IACUC 1835F.
427
 
428
  ### Dataset Creation Contributors
429
 
 
438
 
439
  **Mini-scene**: Short video clips (typically 5-10 seconds) extracted from source videos, centered on individual animals based on tracking annotations.
440
 
441
+ **Mo Kenya**: A big hill to the north of Mpala.
442
+
443
  **CVAT**: Computer Vision Annotation Tool - open-source software used for manual video annotation and object tracking.
444
 
445
+ **X3D**: 3D CNN architecture used for video-based action recognition, adapted for animal behavior classification in the KABR project. Model: [Imageomics/X3D-KABR-Kinetics](https://huggingface.co/imageomics/x3d-kabr-kinetics).
446
 
447
  **Track**: A sequence of bounding boxes following a single animal across multiple video frames.
448
 
 
454
 
455
  For detailed usage instructions and code examples, see the [kabr-tools repository](https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools).
456
 
457
+ For questions about the broader KABR project and related datasets, visit the [Imageomics Institute website](https://imageomics.org) and see the [KABR Collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/imageomics/kabr-664dff304d29e6cd7b8e1a00).
458
 
459
  This dataset is part of a larger effort to develop automated methods for wildlife monitoring and conservation using computer vision and machine learning techniques.
460
 
 
464
 
465
  ## Dataset Card Contact
466
 
467
+ kline dot 377 at osu dot edu