wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
a belt-operated CVT with an auxiliary two-speed transmission. The CVT raises the transmission ratio by more than 20% compared to other CVTs in its class, providing enhanced responsiveness on starting and acceleration and improved quietness during high-speed driving. With the auxiliary transmission, the siz... | 16,800 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
and thus contributes to an improvement in fuel economy. While Idling Stop is in operation, pulley rotation is temporarily locked inside the CVT and is slowly unlocked when the engine starts again. This prevents reverse movement during a hill start and enables smooth startup.
Nissan announced that the Mexi... | 16,801 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
ratio and the maximum speed in each manual transmission gear (in Thailand spec).
- 1st – 3.727 Max speed at 43 km/h
- 2nd – 2.048 Max speed at 79 km/h
- 3rd – 1.393 Max speed at 118 km/h
- 4th – 1.029 Max speed at 157 km/h
- 5th – 0.821 Max speed at – km/h
- Reverse – 3.545
- Final drive 4.055
The ... | 16,802 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
points
- Safety Assist , 4 points
The Micra scored well in the test and received 4 stars from a possible 5, although the car was penalised for "loading the dummy in an unrealistic way" and increasing chest damage to the driver and passenger. Despite this the results were decent for a hatchback and the ca... | 16,803 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
Central American, South American and Caribbean markets.
On 12 March 2010, Nissan Motor (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (NMT) celebrated the start of production of the Nissan March.
On 24 May 2010, Nissan Motor India Private Ltd. (NMIPL) celebrated the start of production of the Nissan Micra from its manufacturing p... | 16,804 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
sales orders. Export of European version of Micra-badged vehicles from Chennai Plant began in October 2010.
Production of Nissan March hatchback began in Aguascalientes, Mexico in 2011.
At the end of May 2011, global sales of the Nissan Micra/March has surpassed six million units.
As of June 16, 2011, R... | 16,805 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
front and rear bumpers, LED hyper daytime running lights, 16-inch aluminium wheels and includes Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC), but retains a standard 1.2-litre engine producing .
The Nismo S version include additional tuning to the HR15DE 1.5-litre engine to produce , with a special tuning computer (ECM),... | 16,806 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
lamps and a new infill panel at the bottom of the tailgate), new 15-inch alloy wheel design (optional machine-finished 16-inch alloy wheels), two new body colours (pearl metallic Pacific Blue (predominantly turquoise shade), metallic Platinum Sage), instrument graphics ahead of the driver have been improve... | 16,807 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
all audio units, added a 12v socket, Visia models include audio equipment better integrated into the centre console with matching gloss and matt black finishers, optional NissanConnect navigation and communication system (5.8-inch screen) with chromed controls, revised navigation system (eco-routing with e... | 16,808 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
driver and front passenger airbags, side airbags and curtain bags, ABS and ESP.
Acenta adds chrome accents, body colour door mirrors and handles, 15-inch wheels, roof spoiler, manual air conditioning, driver's armrest, leather covered steering wheel and a CD player with Bluetooth connectivity. Options inc... | 16,809 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
and folding door mirrors. Options include a panoramic roof, Intelligent Key with start button.
The vehicle was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.
### 2014 Nissan Micra.
The Canadian model was based on the Nissan New Micra for the European market, with ducts for rear-seat heating, 60/40 split fol... | 16,810 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
Canadian 2015 Nissan Micra is built at Nissan's Mexican plant.
# Fifth generation (K14; 2017–present).
The fifth generation Micra, the K14, was unveiled at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. It has all-new exterior and interior design and shares the same platform from its predecessor. Like most new superminis, t... | 16,811 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
produces is intended to join the engine lineup in the future. The fifth generation Micra is only available in Europe and South Africa. Sales in Europe began in March 2017. In South Africa, the fifth generation Micra is sold alongside the fourth generation Micra Active and sales began in June 2018.
# Marke... | 16,812 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
and above average build quality were the Micra's strengths in comparison to its Korean competitors like the Hyundai Excel, Daewoo Cielo and Ford Festiva. A poor exchange rate between the UK and Australia meant the Micra's pricing was rather steep and Australian buyers saw the cheaper Koreans and more estab... | 16,813 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
the UK. The fourth generation Micra was introduced to Australia in October 2010, with sales began in late 2010, and imported from Thailand. Nissan dropped the Micra from the Australian market on 29 April 2016.
## Canada.
In Canada, the K10-J was sold and branded as the Nissan Micra. It came standard with... | 16,814 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
of the Micra back to the Canadian market after 21 years of absence. Sales started in spring 2014 as a 2015-year model, taking the place of the slow-selling Versa sedan. The car was not sold in the United States.
The company revealed the car's starting price of $9,998 for the base, 5-speed manual transmiss... | 16,815 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
Micra K13 is located in India.
Nissan Micra is available in India with four petrol and two diesel variants. The four petrol variants of Nissan Micra are: Nissan Micra XE, Nissan Micra XE Plus, Nissan Micra XL and Nissan Micra XV. All the four variants are powered by the 1.2 L, 1198 cc, petrol engine with ... | 16,816 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
The Nissan Micra diesel is loaded with a 1.5-litre, 4-cylinder, 8-valve, SOHC, 1461 cc, common rail powertrain that is capable of developing maximum power of at 4000 rpm and of highest torque at 2000 rpm with the same 5-speed.
A rebranded variant of Micra named "Pulse" is sold by Renault in India. It has ... | 16,817 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
Aguascalientes plant in early March. The Nissan March is sold in 4 trim levels: Drive, Sense, Advance and SR. The base Drive trim level does not have air conditioning and rear window wipers and has black mirrors; this trim level also lacks a radio and comes with 14-inch steel wheels with wheel covers. The ... | 16,818 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
and has the same alloy wheels only with a darker color. All trim levels come standard with a 5-speed manual transmission and with the 1.6-litre engine with . It replaced the Nissan Platina in its assembly plant and lineup, plus the previous-generation Micra was sold in Mexico using the Micra name.
Even th... | 16,819 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
side mirror indicators, and an updated front end with crystal headlights. It also came with a semi leather interior with rear headrests. Another more upscale K11 variant, known as the Nissan Verita, was produced. This featured retro styling inside and out. Notable differences included rounded headlights an... | 16,820 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
returned to the Taiwanese market as the K13. The HR15DE is currently the only engine available. A 4-speed automatic is the only transmission option as well.
## Thailand.
One of the four factories which produce the Nissan Micra K13 is located in Thailand.
In Thailand, the Micra K13 was launched, as Nissa... | 16,821 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
LED rear lamps, redesigned grille, headlamps, wheels, improved interior and addition of front airbags in all version.
## Republic of Ireland.
Trim levels for the Nissan Micra were aligned with mainland Europe. It remains a common sight on Irish roads today.
## UK.
From 1992 Micras were built in the UK ... | 16,822 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
motorists thanks to its ease of driving, solid build and durable mechanical components. 343,411 were sold in nearly a decade. As recently as early 2007, almost 15 years after the last examples were sold, 96,421 examples were still reported to be in circulation, and four years on, as the 20th anniversary of... | 16,823 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
Britain at the Sunderland plant rather than in Japan. It was available with a limited range of engines: 1.0 and 1.3 petrol units. A facelift over the summer of 2000 saw the 1.3 shelved and replaced with a 1.4 unit. This upgrade, after a previous makeover in 1998, enhanced the Micra's appeal and it was stil... | 16,824 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
YouTube stars Vsauce and FastFuriousAndFunny held up a Nissan Micra K11 with 180 rubber bands. They later smashed the car.
### K12.
Like the previous version of the Micra, the third generation model, the K12, was made at the Sunderland plant. It had a wider range of engines, including 1.2 petrol and Rena... | 16,825 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
in the SMMT's official top 10 best-selling cars in the UK, it has been among the best-selling 10 cars in Britain among private buyers for virtually all of its production life.
In 2003, the BBC's "Top Gear" programme featured a segment on cars that gave value for money, highlighting specification that coul... | 16,826 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
most of the segment driving it with a paper bag over his head.
The pink C+C was one of only five, made specifically for Nissan's sponsorship of the C+C TLC Tour in 2005–06, in support of the Breakthrough Breast Cancer charity. Such was the public's response that Nissan subsequently announced the launch of... | 16,827 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
2006, the K10 was still receiving credit for its impressive durability. An "Auto Express" survey revealed that of the 340,000 K10 Micras registered in the UK between 1983 and 1992, 96,000 were still on the road – nearly 30%, an impressive figure for a car which had been out of production for 14 years. This... | 16,828 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
engine is available for all models, save the Visia.
# Reputation and popularity.
The K10/K11 generations of Micra were known for reliability, excellent build quality, and user friendliness. The K12 model has received consistently good reviews, with the main criticisms being the lack of head room and lugg... | 16,829 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
produced between 1988 and 1995. However, safety specification has improved with successive models. The Micra's Euro NCAP ratings are two stars for the K11 and four for the K12.
The K12 Micra came top of its class in "What Car?" magazine's Security Supertest in 2003, passing both entry and driveaway tests ... | 16,830 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
of allowing cars to be driven away while their owners were refuelling.
In "What Car?"'s Reliability Supertest in 2007, Nissan was ranked 6th out of 26 manufacturers overall, with the K11 Micra (1998–2002) being its most reliable model.
# Motorsport.
Nissan first entered the Micra in motorsports with the... | 16,831 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
1988 RAC Rally in 21st position and the 1989 Acropolis Rally Greece in 10th place.
During the K11's production life, there was a series of national rally championship trophies held all over Europe called the Micra Challenge. This was intended as a cheap introduction to rallying, as the cars all had identi... | 16,832 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
popular choices for beginner autocross but due to K10s getting rarer, K11s are more commonly used now. The K11 is also very popular as a 'micro' banger in the UK, competing in 1200 cc engine limit classes with success.
In 2005, a K11 model nicknamed Little Bandit, was built with a tuned SR20DET, producing... | 16,833 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
since the introduction of the K10. Usually a JGTC support race, it is held in two separate five-round championships called West Japan Series and East Japan Series, and a ladies series running simultaneously. At the end of the season, the best performing cars from both sides meet up for the Champions Cup fi... | 16,834 |
750514 | Nissan Micra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan%20Micra | Nissan Micra
ng cars from both sides meet up for the Champions Cup final at the end the season.
Starting in 2015, Nissan Canada will sponsor the Nissan Micra Cup. It consists of 10 races across 5 weekends in Quebec. Each racing weekend will include a 30-minute trial, a 30-minute qualifying session and two 30-minute ra... | 16,835 |
1401836 | Joe Gladwin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe%20Gladwin | Joe Gladwin
Joe Gladwin
Joseph Gladwin (22 January 1906 – 11 March 1987) was an English actor, best known for his roles as Fred Jackson in Coronation Street and Wally Batty in the world's longest-running sitcom, "Last of the Summer Wine" (1975, 1976–87).
# Biography.
Gladwin was born at 44 Tatton Street in the Ordsa... | 16,836 |
1401836 | Joe Gladwin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe%20Gladwin | Joe Gladwin
his charity work.
Before his professional career took off, Gladwin performed with The Decoys during World War 2, a Concert Party based in Chorlton-cum-Hardy in Manchester. This Concert Party ( ENSA) entertained the troops in hospitals and elsewhere. At the time, Gladwin was a driver for a company deliverin... | 16,837 |
1401836 | Joe Gladwin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe%20Gladwin | Joe Gladwin
his death in 1987.
# Career.
Gladwin worked as a 'feed' for Dave Morris for twelve years beginning in 1950. He appeared on British television from the 1960s onwards, making notable appearances in "Z-Cars", "Dixon of Dock Green" and "The Artful Dodger". He had a recurring role in "Coronation Street" betwee... | 16,838 |
1401836 | Joe Gladwin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe%20Gladwin | Joe Gladwin
rring role in "Coronation Street" between 1961 and 1966 as Fred Jackson, owner of the local fish and chip shop. Gladwin appeared in ‘’Last of the Summer Wine’’ from 1975 to 1986 and had completed work on the show’s ninth series and 1986 Christmas special before his death.
His film credits included appearan... | 16,839 |
1401800 | Civil parishes in Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil%20parishes%20in%20Cumbria | Civil parishes in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
A civil parish in England is the lowest unit of local government. There are 284 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, with most of the county being parished, and Allerdale, Copeland, Eden and South Lakeland being entirely parished. At the 2001 census, t... | 16,840 |
1401800 | Civil parishes in Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil%20parishes%20in%20Cumbria | Civil parishes in Cumbria
for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the "Surveyor of Highways".
The poor were looked after by the monasteries, until th... | 16,841 |
1401800 | Civil parishes in Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil%20parishes%20in%20Cumbria | Civil parishes in Cumbria
were transferred to Poor Law Unions. The Public Health Act 1872 grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis for Rural Districts.
Parishes were run by vestries, meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally ident... | 16,842 |
1401800 | Civil parishes in Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil%20parishes%20in%20Cumbria | Civil parishes in Cumbria
councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries. Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the Urban District, Municipal Borough or Count... | 16,843 |
1401800 | Civil parishes in Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil%20parishes%20in%20Cumbria | Civil parishes in Cumbria
rural areas, and many former Urban Districts and Municipal Boroughs that were being abolished, were replaced by new successor parishes; urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes became unparished areas.
# The current position.
Recent governments have encouraged the for... | 16,844 |
1401800 | Civil parishes in Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil%20parishes%20in%20Cumbria | Civil parishes in Cumbria
Local Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand the creation of a new civil parish.
A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution; and a civil parish can also gain city status, but only if that is granted by the Crown. The chairman... | 16,845 |
1401778 | Michael Bates (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael%20Bates%20(actor) | Michael Bates (actor)
Michael Bates (actor)
Michael Hammond Bates (4 December 1920 – 11 January 1978) was an Anglo-Indian actor. He was best known for playing the chief prison guard who processes (and strip-searches) Alex (Malcolm McDowell) in "A Clockwork Orange", Cyril Blamire in "Last of the Summer Wine" (1973–75),... | 16,846 |
1401778 | Michael Bates (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael%20Bates%20(actor) | Michael Bates (actor)
was commissioned in the Indian Army in March 1942. He served in the Burma Campaign as a major with the Brigade of Gurkhas and was mentioned in dispatches in 1944.
# Career.
In 1953, while an ensemble member with the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, Bates appeared in "Richard III... | 16,847 |
1401778 | Michael Bates (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael%20Bates%20(actor) | Michael Bates (actor)
appeared in many British television series, including "Last of the Summer Wine" from 1973 to 1975 (as Cyril Blamire) and "It Ain't Half Hot Mum" from 1974 to 1977 (as Rangi Ram). His role as Rangi Ram later led to some controversy due to allegations that he had performed in blackface. Interviewed ... | 16,848 |
1401778 | Michael Bates (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael%20Bates%20(actor) | Michael Bates (actor)
McGregor, "Battle of Britain" (1969) as Warrant Officer Warwick, "Oh! What a Lovely War" (1969) as a Lance-Corporal, "Patton" (1970) as Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery (to whom he bore a striking resemblance), "A Clockwork Orange" (1971) and "Frenzy" (1972). On stage, he played Shakespearean ... | 16,849 |
1401778 | Michael Bates (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael%20Bates%20(actor) | Michael Bates (actor)
so sharply with the left-wing views of fellow "Last of the Summer Wine" star Bill Owen that the series was almost not made because of their arguments.
Bates died of cancer on 11 January 1978 in Chelsea, London, aged 57.
# Selected filmography.
- "Carrington V.C." (1955) – Major Broke-Smith
- "... | 16,850 |
1401778 | Michael Bates (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael%20Bates%20(actor) | Michael Bates (actor)
the River" (1968) – Dr. Spink
- "Salt and Pepper" (1968) – Inspector Crabbe
- "Oh! What a Lovely War" (1969) – Drunk Lance Corporal
- "Battle of Britain" (1969) – Warrant Officer Warwick
- "Arthur? Arthur!" (1969) – Mr. Harrington
- "Patton" (1970) – Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery
- "E... | 16,851 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
Viktor Orbán
Viktor Mihály Orbán (; born 31 May 1963) is a Hungarian politician who has been Prime Minister of Hungary since 2010; he was also Prime Minister from 1998 to 2002. He has also been President of Fidesz, a national conservative political party, since 1993, with a brief break between 2000 and 20... | 16,852 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
Fidesz party. Orbán became a nationally known politician after giving an address at the 1989 reburial of Imre Nagy and other martyrs of the 1956 revolution, in which he openly demanded that Soviet troops withdraw from the country.
After the transition to democracy in 1990, he was elected to the National A... | 16,853 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
the 2002 and 2006 elections to the Socialist Party, with Orbán spending this period as Leader of the Opposition. The fall in popularity of the Socialists, exacerbated by Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány's "Őszöd speech", helped Orbán lead Fidesz to a landslide victory in 2010 in a landslide victory. Orbán f... | 16,854 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
international attention. Critics have described his time in government since 2010 as authoritarian or autocratic.
In August 2018, Orbán became the second longest-serving Prime Minister after Kálmán Tisza. If his current government lasts a full term, upon its completion, he will become the longest-serving ... | 16,855 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
grandfather, Mihály Orbán, practiced farming and animal husbandry. Orbán spent his childhood in two nearby villages, Alcsútdoboz and Felcsút in Fejér County; he attended school there and in Vértesacsa. In 1977, his family moved permanently to Székesfehérvár.
Orbán graduated from Blanka Teleki High School ... | 16,856 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
and Food.
In 1989, Orbán received a scholarship from the Soros Foundation to study political science at Pembroke College, Oxford. His personal tutor was the Hegelian political philosopher Zbigniew Pełczyński. In January 1990, he left Oxford and returned to Hungary to run for a seat in Hungary's first post... | 16,857 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
regime.
# Early career (1988–1998).
On 30 March 1988, Orbán was one of the founding members of Fidesz (originally an acronym for "Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége", "Alliance of Young Democrats") and served as its first spokesperson. The first members of the party, including Orbán, were mostly students from ... | 16,858 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
In his speech, he demanded free elections and the withdrawal of Soviet troops. The speech brought him wide national and political acclaim. In summer 1989, he took part in the opposition round table talks, representing Fidesz alongside László Kövér.
On returning home from Oxford, he was elected Member of P... | 16,859 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
from a radical liberal student organization to a center-right people's party.
The conservative turn caused a severe split in the membership. Several members left the party, including Péter Molnár, Gábor Fodor and Zsuzsanna Szelényi. Fodor and others later joined the liberal Alliance of Free Democrats (SZD... | 16,860 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
short time in 1995. Under his presidency, Fidesz adopted "Hungarian Civic Party" ("Magyar Polgári Párt") to its shortened name in 1995. His party gradually became dominant in the right-wing of the political spectrum, while the former ruling conservative Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) had lost much of its... | 16,861 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
in Hungary. At the EPP's Congress in Estoril in October 2002, he was elected vice-president, an office he held until 2012.
# First term as Prime Minister (1998–2002).
In 1998, Orbán formed a successful coalition with the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) and the Independent Smallholders' Party (FKGP) and ... | 16,862 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
funds and centralized social security payments were dismissed. Following the German model, Orbán strengthened the Prime Minister's office and named a new minister to oversee the work of his Cabinet. In the process, thousands of civil servants were replaced (no distinction is made between political and civi... | 16,863 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
and ability to supervise the government were reduced. In late March, the government tried to replace the National Assembly rule that requires a two-thirds majority vote with one of a simple majority, but the Constitutional Court ruled this unconstitutional.
The year saw only minor changes in top governmen... | 16,864 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
of a Budapest-based Lockheed manager to be the US ambassador to Hungary. On 31 August, the head of the Tax Office also resigned, succumbing to protracted attacks by the opposition on his earlier, allegedly suspicious, business dealings. The tug-of-war between the Budapest City Council and the government co... | 16,865 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
the heads of key institutions (such as the Hungarian National Bank chairman, the Budapest City Chief Prosecutor and the Hungarian Radio) with partisan figures. Although the opposition resisted, for example by delaying their appointing of members of the supervising boards, the government ran the institution... | 16,866 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
criticized the Hungarian government for improper political influence in the media, as the country's public service broadcaster teetered close to bankruptcy. Numerous political scandals during 2001 led to "a de facto", if not actual, breakup of the coalition that held power in Budapest. A bribery scandal in... | 16,867 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
and social insurance contributions over four years, while reducing inflation and unemployment. Among the new government's first measures was to abolish university tuition fees and reintroduce universal maternity benefits. The government announced its intention to continue the Socialist–Liberal stabilizatio... | 16,868 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
included a drop in inflation from 15% in 1998 to 10.0% in 1999, 9.8% in 2000 and 7.8% in 2001. GDP growth rates were fairly steady: 4.4% in 1999, 5.2% in 2000, and 3.8% in 2001. The fiscal deficit fell from 3.9% in 1999, to 3.5% in 2000 and 3.4% in 2001 and the ratio of the national debt decreased to 54% o... | 16,869 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
through an unprecedented two-year budget and for failing to curb inflation, which only dropped a half point, from 10% in 1999 to 9.5% in 2000, despite the tight monetary policy of the Central Bank. However, investments continued to grow.
## Foreign policy.
In March 1999, after Russian objections were ove... | 16,870 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
concerning estimated three-million ethnic Hungarian minorities in neighbouring Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and Ukraine. The law aimed to provide education, health benefits and employment rights to those, and was said to heal the negative effects of the disastrous 1920 Triano... | 16,871 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
2001 agreement between Orbán and Romanian Prime Minister Adrian Năstase; Slovakia accepted the law after further concessions made by the new government after the 2002 elections.
# Leader of the Opposition (2002–2010).
The level of public support for political parties generally stagnated, even with genera... | 16,872 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
28% and other opposition parties 3% each.
Meanwhile, public support for the FKGP plunged from 14% in 1998 to 1% in 2001. As many as 40% of the voters remained undecided, however. Although the Socialists had picked their candidate for Prime Minister—former finance minister Péter Medgyessy—the opposition la... | 16,873 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
Hungary had experienced in more than a decade, and an unprecedented cultural-political division formed in the country. In the event, Viktor Orbán's group lost the April parliamentary elections to the opposition Hungarian Socialist Party, which set up a coalition with its longtime ally, the liberal Alliance... | 16,874 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
legitimacy, demanded a recount, complained of election fraud, and generally kept the country in election mode until the October municipal elections. The socialist-controlled Central Elections Committee ruled that a recount was unnecessary, a position supported by observers from the Organization for Securit... | 16,875 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
(Price for the Social Market Economy, 2002) and the Mérite Européen prize (2004). In April 2004, he received the Papal Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great.
In the 2004 European Parliament election, the ruling Hungarian Socialist Party was heavily defeated by the opposition conservative Fides... | 16,876 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
again, and he was elected president of Fidesz yet again for another term in May 2007.
On 17 September 2006, an audio recording surfaced from a closed-door Hungarian Socialist Party meeting, which was held on 26 May 2006, in which Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány gave an obscenity-laden speech. Th... | 16,877 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
included a candlelight vigil march across Budapest. However, the demonstrations were small and petered out by the end of the year. A new round of demonstrations expected in the spring of 2007 did not materialize.
On 1 October 2006, Fidesz won the municipal elections, which counterbalanced the MSZP-led gov... | 16,878 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
fees in higher education. Hungarians usually call this popular vote the social referendum. The referendum was initiated by opposition party Fidesz against the ruling MSZP. The procedure for the referendum started on 23 October 2006, when Orbán announced they would hand in seven questions to the National El... | 16,879 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
2009 European Parliament election, Fidesz won by a large margin, garnering 56.36% of votes and 14 of Hungary's 22 seats.
# Second term as Prime Minister (2010–present).
During the 2010 parliamentary elections, Orbán's party won 52.73% of the popular vote, with a two-thirds majority of seats, which gave O... | 16,880 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
an "internet tax", and for his perceived corruption. His second premiership has seen numerous protests against his government, including one in Budapest in November 2014 against the proposed "internet tax".
In terms of domestic legislation, Orbán's government implemented a flat tax on personal income. Thi... | 16,881 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
he won a large majority, he garnered 44.54% of the national vote, down from 52.73% in 2010.
During the 2015 European migrant crisis, Orbán ordered the erection of the Hungary–Serbia barrier to block entry of illegal immigrants so that Hungary could register all the migrants arriving from Serbia, which is ... | 16,882 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
cancelled by Russia in December 2014 after obstacles from the EU.
Since 2017, Hungary's relations with Ukraine rapidly deteriorated over the issue of the Hungarian minority in Ukraine. Orbán and his cabinet ministers repeatedly criticized Ukraine's 2017 education law, which makes Ukrainian the only langua... | 16,883 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
are a precondition for Hungary not to be endangered in any way due to overland migration."
In April 2019, Orbán attended China's Belt and Road forum in Beijing, where he met the Chinese President Xi Jinping. In June 2019, Orbán met Myanmar’s State Counsellor and Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi. ... | 16,884 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
to "Politico", Orbán political philosophy "echoes the resentments of what were once the peasant and working classes" by promoting an "uncompromising defense of national sovereignty and a transparent distrust of Europe's ruling establishments".
Orbán has a close relationship to Israeli Prime Minister Benja... | 16,885 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
political views most concretely in a widely cited 2014 public address at Băile Tușnad (known in Hungary as the "Tusnádfürdői beszéd," or "Tusnádfürdő speech"). In the address, Orbán repudiated the classical liberal theory of the state as a free association of atomistic individuals, arguing for the use of t... | 16,886 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
sovereignty, familialism, full employment and the preservation of cultural heritage, and cited countries such as Turkey, India, Singapore, Russia, and China as models.
Orbán's second and third premierships have been the subject of significant international controversy, and reception of his political views... | 16,887 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
a "strongman", and as a "dictator".
Other commentators, however, noted that the European migrant crisis, coupled with continued Islamist terrorism in the European Union, have popularized Orbán's nationalist, protectionist policies among European conservative leaders. "Once ostracized" by Europe's politica... | 16,888 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
also demanded an official EU list of "safe countries" to which migrants can be returned. According to Orbán, Turkey should be considered a safe third country.
Orbán has promoted The Great Replacement conspiracy theory. "Le Journal du Dimanche" reported on Orbán's explicit adoption of the conspiracy theory... | 16,889 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
be found in Brazil, not in Europe.”
## Criticisms.
Orbán's critics have included domestic and foreign leaders (including former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and the Presidents of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso, and Jean-Claude Juncker), i... | 16,890 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
in the village in which he grew up, Felcsút, at a distance of some 20 ft from his country house.
Some opposition parties and critics also consider Orbán an opponent of European integration. In 2000, opposition parties MSZP and SZDSZ and the left-wing press presented Orbán's comment that "there's life outs... | 16,891 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
the protection of national borders as the objective and the refugees as an obstacle. Our plan treats the protection of refugees as the objective and national borders as the obstacle."
The Orbán government began to attack Soros and his NGOs since early 2017, particularly for his support for more open immig... | 16,892 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a "clarification", denouncing Soros, stating that he "continuously undermines Israel's democratically elected governments" and funded organizations "that defame the Jewish state and seek to deny it the right to defend itself". The clarification came a few days before an o... | 16,893 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
István Tiborcz, whose company, Elios was accused of receiving unfair advantages when winning public tenders. Orbán's son, Gáspár, is a retired footballer, who played for Ferenc Puskás Football Academy in 2014. He is also the founder of a religious community called Felház. Orbán has three younger daughters ... | 16,894 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
has played football from his early childhood. He was a professional player with FC Felcsút. After ending his football career, he became one of the main financiers of the Hungarian football and his hometown's club, Felcsút FC, later renamed the Ferenc Puskás Football Academy. He had a prominent role in the ... | 16,895 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
the facilities at the Puskás Academy in 2009. Blatter, together with the widow of Ferenc Puskás, as well as Orbán, founder of the Academy, announced the creation of the new FIFA Puskás Award during that visit. He played the bit part of a footballer in the Hungarian family film "Szegény Dzsoni és Árnika" (1... | 16,896 |
750582 | Viktor Orbán | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor%20Orbán | Viktor Orbán
1–2002";
- "A történelem főutcáján – Magyarország 1998–2002", Orbán Viktor miniszterelnök beszédei és beszédrészletei, Magyar Egyetemi Kiadó;
- "20 év – Beszédek, írások, interjúk, 1986–2006", Heti Válasz Kiadó,
- "Egy az ország". Helikon Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 2007. (translated into Polish as "Ojczyzna ... | 16,897 |
1401839 | Marek Grechuta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marek%20Grechuta | Marek Grechuta
Marek Grechuta
Marek Michał Grechuta (December 10, 1945 – October 9, 2006) was a Polish singer, songwriter, composer, and lyricist.
# Early life.
Grechuta was born on December 10, 1945 in Zamość, Poland. He studied architecture at Tadeusz Kościuszko University of Technology in Kraków.
# Career.
Whil... | 16,898 |
1401839 | Marek Grechuta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marek%20Grechuta | Marek Grechuta
at the Festival of Polish Music in Opole.
In 1969, Grechuta played a minor role in Andrzej Wajda's film "Polowanie na muchy" ("Hunting Flies"). In 1971, he left Anawa and founded the band WIEM (W Innej Epoce Muzycznej, In a Different Musical Epoch; however "wiem" means "I know" in Polish).
Grechuta had... | 16,899 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.