Answer: no

Question: Are John O'Hara and Rabindranath Tagore the same nationality?

Context: Rabindra Jayanti

Context: Rabindra Jayanti (রবীন্দ্র জয়ন্তী) is an annually celebrated cultural festival, prevalent among Bengalis around the world, in the remembrance of Rabindranath Tagore's birthday anniversary.

Context: It is celebrated in early May, on the 25th day of the Bengali month of Boishakh (২৫শে বৈশাখ), since Tagore was born on this day of the year 1268 (২৫শে বৈশাখ, ১২৬৮) of the Bengali calendar.

Context: Every year, numerous cultural programmes & events, such as : "Kabipranam" (কবিপ্রণাম) – the songs (Rabindra Sangeet), poetries, dances and dramas, written and composed by Tagore, are organised in this particular day, by various schools, colleges & universities of Bengal, and also celebrated by different groups abroad, as a tribute to Tagore and his works.

Context: Throughout the globe, Tagore's birth anniversary is largely celebrated at Santiniketan, Birbhum in West Bengal, chiefly in Visva-Bharati University, the institution founded by Tagore himself for the cultural, social and educational upliftment of the students as well as the society.

Context: Government of India Issued 5 Rupees coin in 2011 to mark the 150 Birth Anniversary in the honor of Rabindranath Tagore.

Context: Colour Blind (play)

Context: "Colour Blind" is a stage play by Indian playwright Manav Kaul and Kalki Koechlin.

Context: It was screened at the Sir Mutha Venkata Subba Rao Hall in Chennai, in August 2014.

Context: It starred Koechlin, Satyajit Sharma in dual roles.

Context: The play is based on the life of Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore.

Context: In an interview Kaul stated that the play is "an attempt to see beyond the majestic Gurudev (Rabindranath Tagore) and discover the man through his relationships."

Context: Maanbhanjan

Context: Maanbhanjan is the name of the fifth episode of the TV series Stories by Rabindranath Tagore telecast on EPIC channel based on a short story written by Rabindranath Tagore.

Context: It deals with the marriage of a man who falls out of love with his wife and is enchanted by a stage actress.

Context: Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali

Context: Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali (Bengali: ভানুসিংহ ঠাকুরের পদাবলী , "Bhanushingho Thakurer Padabali"; lit.

Context: "The Songs of Bhanushingho Thakur") is a collection of Vaishnava lyrics composed in Brajabuli by Rabindranath Tagore.

Context: It was published in 1884.

Context: These lyrics, which were earlier brought out in several issues of "Bharati" magazine, were first anthologized in 1884.

Context: Later, Tagore described composing these songs in his reminiscences "Jiban Smriti".

Context: Rabindranath Tagore wrote his first substantial poems titled Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali in Brajabuli under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion") at age sixteen.

Context: Rajeshwari Datta

Context: Rajeshwari Datta was an Indian singer, considered one of the best-known exponents of the songs of Rabindranath Tagore: (Rabindrasangeet).

Context: She was amongst the few singers to earn appreciation from Rabindranath Tagore.

Context: She was among the panchakanya of Rabindrasangeet, a group of the earliest singers of Tagore songs from families directly connected to Tagore and including Sahana Devi, Amiya Tagore, and Malati Ghoshal.

Context: R. T. Nagar

Context: Rabindranath Tagore Nagar or just R. T. Nagar is an area in Bangalore, India.

Context: It is situated in the northern part of the city.

Context: It is named after Rabindranath Tagore.

Context: It is part of the Bangalore North Lok Sabha Constituency and the Hebbal Assembly Constituency.

Context: R.T Nagar has two blocks, Block I and Block II.

Context: It has become very popular after the construction of the new airport at Devanahalli (Kempegowda International Airport)

Context: Rabindranath Tagore Secondary School

Context: Rabindranath Tagore Secondary School is a secondary school within the Mahatma Gandhi Institute family.

Context: Named after the famed Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, it was founded in 2003 by Mr putty, now deceased, and since then, Mr. Mahend Gungapersad has been its rector.

Context: The school is found in Pamplemousses, a small village.

Context: Rabindranath Tagore (film)

Context: Rabindranath Tagore is a 1961 black-and-white short film directed by an Indian director Satyajit Ray on the life and works of noted Bengali author Rabindranath Tagore.

Context: Ray started working on the documentary in the beginning of 1958 and it was released during the birth centenary year of Rabindranath Tagore, who was born on 7 May 1861.

Context: Ray avoided the controversial aspects of Tagore's life in order to make it as an official portrait of the poet.

Context: Though Tagore was known as a poet, Ray did not use any of Tagore's poetry as he was not happy with the English translation and believed that "it would not make the right impression if recited" and people would not consider Tagore "a very great poet", based on those translations.

Context: Satyajit Ray has been reported to have said about the documentary "Rabindranath Tagore" in his biography "Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye" by W. Andrew Robinson that, "Ten or twelve minutes of it are among the most moving and powerful things that I have produced".

Context: Mujibar Rahaman

Context: Mujibar Rahman (Bengali: মুজিবর রহমান ; born 25 May 1973) is a notable documentary filmmaker and film producer based in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Context: His most notable work is a full-length documentary on Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore entitled "Rabindranath Thakur – Jeevan O Samay" (Bengali version); "Images Unbound – The Life and Times of Rabindranath Tagore" (English version).

Context: His other works include biographical documentaries on Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain, Munshi Premchand and films "Sansodhan", "Bhangoner Pore".

Context: Works of Rabindranath Tagore

Context: The works of Rabindranath Tagore consist of poems, novels, short stories, dramas, paintings, drawings, and music that Bengali poet and Brahmo philosopher Rabindranath Tagore created over his lifetime.


Answer: Westland Mall

Question: Northland Mall was the first directionally-named shopping center in Columbus, 5 years before which shopping center at the intersection of US-40 and I-270?

Context: Bulgaria Mall

Context: Bulgaria Mall was officially opened on 1 December 2012 and is the first shopping center in Sofia and Bulgaria which will be positioned as an upper scale mall, focusing on the proper combination of medium to premium international brands with the highest quality Bulgarian retailers.

Context: Owners of Bulgaria mall are Myles Summerfield and Nikola Yanakiev.

Context: More specifically, the shopping center is positioned at the intersection of two of the most significant Sofia's boulevards – Bulgaria boulevard and Todor Kableshkov boulevard.

Context: Bulgaria Mall has an exceptional location, close to the downtown (less than a 10 min.

Context: drive), the Ring Road (app.

Context: 2 min.

Context: drive) and some of the most affluent residential quarters of Sofia.

Context: The mall will be developed as part of a mixed-use retail and office project with approximately 130,000 m² of total built-up area (33,000 m² for the commercial area).

Context: The shopping center will include four underground (parking and a hypermarket of approx. 5,600 m²) and four above ground levels with retail and entertainment.

Context: The parking will provide more than 1,100 lots with very convenient entrances to each underground parking deck.

Context: The office part, which will consist of an office high-rise tower and an office building, will exceed 25,000 m² of lettable area.

Context: Tower Mall

Context: Tower Mall was a shopping mall located in Portsmouth, Virginia.

Context: The shopping mall opened in 1973.

Context: The mall's original primary anchors were Bradlees (originally J.M. Fields) and Montgomery Ward.

Context: It also had some of the most popular mall chains of the 1970s and 1980s including Orange Bowl and Merry Go Round.

Context: Primary anchors left the mall vacant by the mid-1990s.

Context: The building was demolished in 2001, to make way for a big-box shopping center.

Context: Victory Crossing shopping center currently occupies the site of the former Tower Mall.

Context: Bay Plaza Shopping Center

Context: Bay Plaza Shopping Center is a shopping center on the south side of Co-op City, in the Bronx, New York.

Context: In addition to various department stores and shops, such as Macy's, JCPenney, Staples, Kmart and Old Navy, it has a multiplex movie theater, several restaurants, a fitness club, and some office space.

Context: It used to operate a Barnes and Nobles bookstore across the mall but was shut down.

Context: Constructed from 1987 to 1988 by Prestige Properties, the shopping center is located between Bartow and Baychester Avenues, just outside Sections 4 and 5 of Co-op City, on an open lot that from 1960 to 1964, was the site of Freedomland USA.

Context: The Bay Plaza Shopping Center is the largest shopping center in New York City.

Context: Since opening over 25 years ago, it has become extremely successful, the center claims to hold some of the highest performing stores on a per-square-foot basis for many national retailers.

Context: Northland Mall

Context: Northland Mall was a shopping mall located on the north side of Columbus, Ohio, at the intersection of Morse Road and Karl Road.

Context: It opened in 1964 as an open-air shopping center and the first shopping mall in Columbus.

Context: Northland was the first of the four directionally-named shopping hubs in Columbus, along with Eastland (1967), Westland (1969) and Southland (1975) [a small strip center, now closed].

Context: Though popular through the 1990s, three new shopping centers were completed in the late 1990s and early 2000s that took businesses and shoppers away from Northland.

Context: It closed in 2002 and was demolished in 2004.

Context: The site has subsequently been redeveloped as Northland Village, a multi-use complex containing government offices, retail stores and the Franklin County Dog Shelter and Adoption Center.

Context: Springfield Town Center

Context: Springfield Town Center is an shopping center in Springfield, Virginia.

Context: It opened in 1973 as Springfield Mall, an enclosed shopping mall, which closed on June 30, 2012 as part of a multimillion-dollar redevelopment plan to turn it into a multifaceted "Town Center"-style shopping center with a main indoor area similar to the nearby Tysons Corner Center and Dulles Town Center, while transforming the exterior into a pedestrian friendly environment with restaurants with cafe style outdoor seating and entrances.

Context: It is located at the intersection of Interstate 95 and Franconia Road (Route 644), which is part of the Springfield Interchange, 1/4 mile north of Franconia-Springfield Parkway (State Route 289) and the Franconia-Springfield Metro station.

Context: The mall reopened on October 17, 2014 following its two-year renovation.

Context: Del Monte Center

Context: Del Monte Center is an open-air shopping center located in Monterey, California.

Context: Del Monte Center is the largest shopping center on the Monterey Peninsula and the second largest shopping mall in Monterey County, California, and has the only department store in a 22-mile radius.

Context: Del Monte Center was designed by architect John Carl Wernecke, built by Williams and Burrows Construction Company and originally opened in 1967 but expanded and renovated in 1987.

Context: The shopping center encompasses 675000 sqft of retail space including 85 stores, one department store (Macy's), Whole Foods Market, restaurants (California Pizza Kitchen, P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Pizza My Heart, Islands Fine Burgers & Drinks, Subway, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Starbucks and Lalla Grill), a gym and spa (Energia) and a thirteen screen Century Theatres.

Context: Petco was added in 2004, replacing Stroud's.

Context: The existing theater complex moved in 2006, with the former complex becoming a furniture store for Macy's.

Context: Ballston Common Mall

Context: Ballston Common Mall, which originally opened as Parkington Shopping Center in 1951, was one of the first major suburban shopping centers in the Washington D.C. area.

Context: It was the first shopping center built around a multi-story parking garage in the United States.

Context: It was located at the intersection of Glebe Road (Virginia State Route 120) and Wilson Boulevard in the Ballston neighborhood of Arlington, Virginia, two blocks from Ballston-MU Station on the Washington Metro's Orange and Silver lines.

Context: The Ballston Common mall opened on October 20, 1986, and was a $40 million replacement for the Parkington Shopping Center.

Context: The 530000 sqft center was developed in limited partnership with the May Centers, a subsidiary of the May Company who, at the time, also owned one of the anchors, Hecht's.

Context: The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)

Context: The Oaks Shopping Center is a two-level indoor/outdoor, super-regional shopping mall located in Thousand Oaks, California.

Context: It is owned and managed by Macerich.

Context: Accessible from the US Highway 101 Ventura Freeway midway between downtown Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, it is one of two malls in its area (competing with the Simi Valley Town Center) and the largest shopping center in Ventura County.

Context: The 1300000 sqft mall was originally built in 1978 and was renovated in 1993.

Context: Starting in February 2007, the center has undergone an extensive upgrade including interior finishes, restrooms, entrance canopies and skylights to reflect a modern Spanish and Santa Barbara-influenced design.

Context: The expansion includes a demolition of the then-vacated Broadway building and a Muvico 14-screen stadium seat theater and Bogarts, a full-service restaurant, built in its place.

Context: Additional features include a 10-unit Spanish Dining Hall and amenities like family restrooms with granite, stacked flagstone and limestone tile.

Context: Centered on the theatre are four sit-down restaurants: Lazy Dog Cafe and Red Robin, which are both connected to a 112330 sqft retail expansion in an outdoor environment, while Olive Garden and Red Lobster are located across the parking lot.

Context: The Cheesecake Factory is located inside the Shopping Center with patio dining available.

Context: Park City Center

Context: Park City Center is a shopping mall located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and is the largest enclosed shopping center in Lancaster County.

Context: It is situated at the intersection of U.S. Route 30 and Harrisburg Pike.

Context: The shape of the mall resembles a snowflake, with its stores occupying 8 corridors extending from the center.

Context: The roof in the center of the mall is a large white tent, and encloses the octagonal Center Court.

Context: The mall underwent a major renovation in 2008, which took 18 months and included updates to every part of the mall.

Context: During its early years Park City was also called "Mall of Four Seasons" because of the seasonal names given to the 4 corridors leading to each anchor.

Context: Going clockwise from west to east was JC Penney in the two-story Winter quadrant, Sears in Spring, Gimbel's (future Pomeroy's/Boscov's) in Summer and Watt & Shand (later Bon-Ton) in Autumn.

Context: The high tech mall located in the heart of Amish country was one of the first to have its own closed-circuit television.

Context: Studios for Park City Communications and Lancaster/York/Harrisburg CBS affiliate WLYH-TV 15 were located on the first floor in the Winter wing alongside an ice skating rink.

Context: Springdale Mall

Context: Springdale Mall is a shopping center located in Mobile, Alabama, United States, directly across from Bel Air Mall.

Context: Opened in 1959 as an open-air shopping center, Springdale Mall was later redeveloped as an enclosed shopping center.

Context: Facing competition from larger shopping centers in the area, Springdale was demolished in stages in the 2000s, with most of the former enclosed mall being replaced with big box stores.


Answer: Peter James Yates

Question: Who has the highest scope of profession in Peter Yates or Jang Joon-hwan

Context: Peter Yates (architect)

Context: Peter Yates (19 July 1920 – 16 November 1982) was a British born artist and architect.

Context: Yates was best known for his partnership with Gordon Ryder in the North of England architectural firm, Ryder and Yates.

Context: Save the Green Planet!

Context: Save the Green Planet!

Context: (Korean title: 지구를 지켜라!

Context: , "Jigureul Jikyeora!")

Context: is a South Korean film, written and directed by Jang Joon-hwan, released on 4 April 2003 .

Context: The movie mixes elements of multiple genres, including comedy, science fiction, horror and thriller.

Context: The basic story begins when the main character, Lee Byeong-gu, kidnaps another man, convinced that the latter is an alien.

Context: 1987 (2017 film)

Context: 1987 is an upcoming South Korean political drama film directed by Jang Joon-hwan, starring Kim Yoon-seok, Ha Jung-woo, Yoo Hae-jin and Kim Tae-ri.

Context: John and Mary (film)

Context: John and Mary is a 1969 American romantic drama film directed by Peter Yates.

Context: It stars Dustin Hoffman and Mia Farrow in the title roles, directly on the heels of "Midnight Cowboy" and "Rosemary's Baby", respectively (as well as "Bullitt" for Yates).

Context: The screenplay was adapted by John Mortimer from the Mervyn Jones novel.

Context: Hwayi: A Monster Boy

Context: Hwayi: A Monster Boy () is a 2013 South Korean action thriller film about a 16-year-old boy of the same name (played by Yeo Jin-goo) who is raised by five criminal fathers to become the perfect assassin.

Context: It takes pulling the trigger to discover his true identity after he realizes the mystery surrounding his past and his fate.

Context: It was the highly anticipated second feature film by director Jang Joon-hwan, a decade after his 2003 cult favorite sci-fi comedy/thriller "Save the Green Planet!

Context: Lee Jae-yong (actor)

Context: Lee Jae-yong (born March 21, 1963) is a South Korean actor.

Context: Best known as a character actor, Lee has played supporting roles in film and television, notably as a dogged ex-detective in Jang Joon-hwan's "Save the Green Planet!

Context: " (2003) and an embezzling Joseon politician in "" (2011).

Context: The National Association for Chiropractic Medicine (NACM) was a minority chiropractic association founded in 1984 that described itself as a "consumer advocacy association of chiropractors".

Context: It openly rejected some of the more controversial aspects of chiropractic, including a basic concept of chiropractic, vertebral subluxations as the cause of all diseases.

Context: It also sought to "reform the chiropractic profession away from a philosophical scope of practice and towards an applied science scope of practice."

Context: It stated that it was "dedicated to bringing the scientific based practice of chiropractic into mainstream medicine" and that its members "confine their scope of practice to scientific parameters and seek to make legitimate the utilization of professional manipulative procedures in mainstream health care delivery."

Context: "While the NACM is focused on furthering the profession, its primary focus is on the rights and safety of the consumers."

Context: The NACM was the object of much controversy and criticism from the rest of the profession.

Context: It quietly dropped out of sight and its demise apparently occurred sometime between May 30, 2008 and March 6, 2010.

Context: Curtain Call (1998 film)

Context: Curtain Call is a 1998 romantic comedy directed by Peter Yates, photographed by Sven Nykvist and edited by Hughes Winborne.

Context: It stars James Spader, Polly Walker, Michael Caine and Maggie Smith.

Context: The film was later re-released under the title It All Came True (not to be confused with the completely unrelated 1940 Humphrey Bogart film of the same name).

Context: It was to be Peter Yates' last film made for cinema, although in most markets it went directly to TV or home video.

Context: Jang Joon-hwan

Context: Jang Joon-hwan (born January 18, 1970) is a South Korean film director.

Context: Optometry

Context: Optometry is a health care profession which involves examining the eyes and applicable visual systems for defects or abnormalities as well as the medical diagnosis and management of eye disease.

Context: Traditionally, the field of optometry began with the primary focus of correcting refractive error through the use of spectacles.

Context: Modern day optometry, however, has evolved through time so that the education curriculum additionally includes intensive medical training in the diagnosis and management of ocular disease in countries where the profession is established and regulated.

Context: Optometrists (also known as Doctors of Optometry in the US and Canada for those holding the O.D. degree or Ophthalmic Opticians in the UK) are medical professionals who provide primary eyecare through comprehensive eye examinations to detect and treat various visual abnormalities and eye diseases.

Context: Being a regulated profession, an optometrist's scope of practice may differ depending on the location.

Context: Thus, disorders or diseases detected outside the treatment scope of optometry are referred out to relevant medical professionals for proper care, more commonly to ophthalmologists who are physicians that specialize in tertiary medical and surgical care of the eye.

Context: Optometrists typically work closely together with other eye care professionals such as ophthalmologists and opticians to deliver quality and efficient eyecare to the general public.


Answer: no

Question: Are Grant Nicholas and Danny Shirley both American singers?

Context: Renegades (band)

Context: Renegades were a British rock band (not to be confused with the sixties band "The Renegades"), which started out as a side-project from two members of the band Feeder, featuring guitarist Grant Nicholas and bassist Taka Hirose, before becoming a pseudonym name for Feeder themselves.

Context: Nicholas formed Renegades alongside Hirose with Karl Brazil from Ben's Brother, who completed the group and a 4-track EP was then recorded.

Context: Soon later, Renegades became an alternative name for Feeder at various concerts where they would play an entire show pretending not to be Feeder, but a different band with the same members.

Context: If Feeder songs released before the "Renegades" album were to be played, the band would announce that they're covering Feeder songs.

Context: Grant Nicholas once introduced "Tangerine" as "A cover of a song from a band we know".

Context: The Boy Is Mine (song)

Context: "The Boy Is Mine" is a 1998 duet by American singers Brandy and Monica written and composed by LaShawn Daniels, Japhe Tejeda, Fred Jerkins III, Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, and Brandy with coproduction by Darkchild and Dallas Austin.

Context: It was released as the lead single from both singers' second albums from 1998, "Never Say Never" by Brandy and "The Boy Is Mine" by Monica.

Context: Inspired by Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney's 1982 duet "The Girl Is Mine", the lyrics of the mid-tempo R&B track revolve around two women fighting over a man.

Context: Send It On (Disney's Friends for Change song)

Context: "Send It On" is a song performed by American singers Demi Lovato, the Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus, and Selena Gomez.

Context: The group, billed as Disney's Friends for Change, stems from Disney's environmental initiative of the same name.

Context: The track's producers Adam Anders and Peer Åström co-wrote it with Nikki Hassman.

Context: The song was released on August 11, 2009 by Walt Disney and Hollywood Records as a promotional charity single in order to benefit international environmental associations.

Context: In regard to the song and the campaign, the six singers noted that it is a good cause and that it is one dear to them.

Context: The ballad is lyrically about passing on an environmentalist message.

Context: Danny Shirley

Context: Danny Shirley (born August 12, 1956) is an American country music singer.

Context: He is best known as the lead singer of the country rock band Confederate Railroad, a role he has held since its formation in 1987.

Context: The Brightlights

Context: The Brightlights are a four-piece British indie rock band from Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire.

Context: They released their debut single, "Inspired By", on 5 November 2007.

Context: The single was produced by Feeder frontman Grant Nicholas.

Context: Buck Rogers (song)

Context: "Buck Rogers" is the eleventh single by Feeder.

Context: It was the first single to be taken from the "Echo Park" album and was released on The Echo Label.

Context: The track reached number 5 in the UK Singles Chart after its release on 8 January 2001.

Context: The group had originally not intended the track to be one of theirs, as frontman and main songwriter of the band Grant Nicholas, originally wrote "Buck Rogers" for SR-71, only for producer Gil Norton and A&R staff of Echo to convince the band they could have a hit with it themselves, after hearing a demo recorded by Feeder.

Context: It continues to be played on UK alternative radio stations as a classic hit of its genre during the early 2000s.

Context: Confederate Railroad

Context: Confederate Railroad is an American country rock–Southern rock band founded in 1987 in Marietta, Georgia, by Danny Shirley (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Michael Lamb (lead guitar), Mark Dufresne (drums), Chris McDaniel (keyboards), Warren "Gates" Nichols (steel guitar) and Wayne Secrest (bass guitar).

Context: After serving as a backing band for outlaw country acts David Allan Coe and Johnny Paycheck, the band signed to a recording contract with Atlantic Records, releasing their self-titled debut album that year.

Context: In the 1990s, they released four more albums for Atlantic.

Context: Raindancer

Context: Raindancer was an electroacoustic rock band formed in Newport, Wales in the early 1990s.

Context: The band featured Grant Nicholas and Jon Lee, who later became founding members of Feeder.

Context: Yorktown Heights (album)

Context: Yorktown Heights was the only solo album by Feeder frontman Grant Nicholas.

Context: The album was released on 11 August 2014 in the United Kingdom and recorded during 2013, being a year after Nicholas announced at Feeder's final show of 2012 at the Brixton Academy that the band would be taking a break.

Context: It was with the first airplay of ""Soul Mates"" on the BBC Radio 2 show "The Dermot O'Leary Show" on 31 May 2014, that Grant's solo career made its radio debut.

Context: Side by Side (Feeder song)

Context: "Side By Side" is a download-only single by the British rock band Feeder.

Context: The song was released on 27 March 2011 to support victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan.

Context: The track was originally written and demoed during the sessions for "Renegades" album campaign with a view of appearing on the album.

Context: The song was later released, when Grant Nicholas felt that the song's chorus fitted in with the tsunami disaster.

Context: Before its release, the track went under the working title of "Barbarella".


Answer: Valdosta

Question: Which southern Georgia city features the Blazers college athletic teams?

Context: Gulf Coast State College Commodores

Context: Gulf Coast State College athletic teams are nicknamed the Commodores and participate in men's basketball, men's baseball, women's basketball, women's softball, and women's volleyball.

Context: The school's athletic teams compete in the Panhandle Conference of the Florida State College Activities Association, a body of the National Junior College Athletic Association Region 8.

Context: The current athletic director is Gregg Wolfe who has been serving in this capacity since 1992.

Context: Bates Bobcats

Context: The Bates Bobcats are the athletic teams of Bates College.

Context: The college's official mascot is the bobcat, and official color is garnet.

Context: The school sponsors 32 varsity sports (16 men's, 16 women's), most of which compete in the Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).

Context: The school's men's and women's ski teams and men's and women's squash teams compete in Division I.

Context: Bates has rivalries with Princeton in Squash and Dartmouth in Skiing and selected hockey bouts.

Context: The college also competes with its Maine rivals Bowdoin and Colby in the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium (CBB).

Context: This is one of the oldest football rivalries in the United States.

Context: This consortium is a series of historically highly competitive football games ending in the championship game between the three schools.

Context: Bates has won this championship at total of twelve times including 2014, 2015, and in 2016 beat Bowdoin 24–7 after their 21–19 abroad victory over Colby.

Context: Bates is currently the holder of the winning streak, and has the record for biggest victory in the athletic conference with a 51-0 shutout of Colby College.

Context: The three colleges also contest the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Chase Regatta.

Context: The college is the all-time leader of the Chase Regatta with a total of 14 composite wins, followed by Colby's 5 wins, concluded with Bowdoin's 2 wins.

Context: Boston College Rugby Football Club

Context: The Boston College Rugby Football Club, or BCRFC, is a collegiate rugby union team that represents Boston College.

Context: It competes in the East Coast Rugby Conference (ECRC).

Context: Like other Boston College athletic teams, BC ruggers are called the Boston College Eagles.

Context: With over 90 members, BC Rugby is one of the largest athletic teams at Boston College.

Context: Trinity Bantams

Context: The Trinity College Bantams are the varsity and club athletic teams of Trinity College, a selective liberal arts college located in Hartford, Connecticut.

Context: Trinity's varsity teams compete in the New England Small College Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III.

Context: The College offers 27 varsity teams, plus club sports, intramural sports.

Context: Dartmouth College student groups

Context: This page contains detailed information on a number of student groups at Dartmouth College.

Context: For more information on athletic teams, please see Dartmouth College athletic teams.

Context: For more information on college publications, please see Dartmouth College publications.

Context: List of UAB Blazers football seasons

Context: The UAB Blazers college football team competed as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, and represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in the East Division of Conference USA (C-USA).

Context: The Blazers played their home games at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama for their entire history between 1991 and 2014.

Context: Since their inaugural 1991 season, UAB has played in 273 games, and as of the discontinuance of the Blazers' program that followed their 2014 season, they compiled an all-time record of 118 wins, 153 losses, 2 ties, and appeared in a single bowl game.

Context: Dallas Baptist Patriots

Context: The Dallas Baptist Patriots are the 15 athletic teams that represent the Dallas Baptist University, located in Dallas, Texas, in NCAA intercollegiate sports.

Context: All of the varsity Patriot athletic teams compete at the Division II level with the exception of the baseball team, which plays in Division I.

Context: DBU Athletics also sponsors five club programs including; cheer, dance, bass fishing, lacrosse, and ice hockey.

Context: As such, all athletic teams, except for baseball, compete in the Heartland Conference while the baseball program is an associate member of the Missouri Valley Conference.

Context: All intercollegiate athletic teams also hold membership in the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA).

Context: Paleontology in Georgia (U.S. state)

Context: Paleontology in Georgia refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Georgia.

Context: During the early part of the Paleozoic, Georgia was largely covered by seawater.

Context: Although no major Paleozoic discoveries have been uncovered in Georgia, the local fossil record documents a great diversity of ancient life in the state.

Context: Inhabitants of Georgia's early Paleozoic sea included corals, stromatolites, and trilobites.

Context: During the Carboniferous local sea levels dropped and a vast complex of richly vegetated delta formed in the state.

Context: These swampy deltas were home to early tetrapods which left behind footprints that would later fossilize.

Context: Little is known of Triassic Georgia and the Jurassic is absent altogether from the state's rock record.

Context: During the Cretaceous, however, southern Georgia was covered by a sea that was home to invertebrates and fishes.

Context: On land, the tree "Araucaria" grew, and dinosaurs inhabited the state.

Context: Southern Georgia remained submerged by shallow seawater into the ensuing Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era.

Context: These seas were home to small coral reefs and a variety of other marine invertebrates.

Context: By the Pleistocene the state was mostly dry land covered in forests and grasslands home to mammoths and giant ground sloths.

Context: Local coal mining activity has a history of serendipitous Carboniferous-aged fossil discoveries.

Context: Another major event in Georgian paleontology was a 1963 discovery of Pleistocene fossils in Bartow County.

Context: Shark teeth are the Georgia state fossil.

Context: Georgia Collegiate Athletic Association

Context: The Georgia Collegiate Athletic Association (also known as GCAA) is a college athletic conference and member of the National Junior College Athletic Association in the NJCAA Region XVII.

Context: Members of the GCAA include technical and community colleges in the U.S. state of Georgia.

Context: Conference championships are held in most sports and individuals can be named to All-Conference and All-Academic teams.

Context: The conference is the successor to the Georgia Junior College Athletic Association (GJCAA), which began in 1967.

Context: In 2010, All of the existing members of the GJCAA joined the newly organized Georgia Collegiate Athletic Association.

Context: List of UAB Blazers head football coaches

Context: The UAB Blazers college football team represents the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in the East Division of Conference USA (C-USA).

Context: The program began in the 1991 season and spent two years as a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III independent before transferring to Division II.

Context: After just three years in Division II, the school entered Division I-A, now known as the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS).

Context: During this twenty-four year period, the Blazers had five head coaches.

Context: In January 2014, Bill Clark was hired to coach the program.

Context: However, following the end of Clark's first season, in which he led the team to its second-ever bowl-eligible record, UAB President Ray L. Watts announced the cancellation of the football program, due to financial strains.

Context: After media condemnation of the decision and millions of dollars in fundraising, on June 1, 2015, Watts announced the school would reinstate football as early as the 2016 season.

Context: Clark remains head coach through the 2016 season, despite the cancellation.


Answer: win world titles in four weight classes

Question: Alexis Argüello mentored Román González, who became first boxer to do what?

Context: Ruben Castillo (boxer)

Context: Ruben Castillo (born December 19, 1957) is a Mexican-American boxer who fought in the Featherweight division.

Context: Castillo went on to fight four World Championship fights against Hall of Famers Salvador Sánchez, Alexis Argüello and Julio César Chávez, as well as with Juan Laporte.

Context: Alexis Argüello

Context: Alexis Argüello (April 19, 1952 – July 1, 2009) was a Nicaraguan professional boxer who competed from 1968 to 1995, and later became a politician.

Context: He was a three-weight world champion, having held the WBA featherweight title from 1974 to 1976; the WBC super featherweight title from 1978 to 1980; and the WBC lightweight title from 1981 to 1982.

Context: Additionally, he held the "Ring" magazine and lineal featherweight titles from 1975 to 1977; the "Ring" lightweight title from 1981 to 1982; and the lineal lightweight title in 1982.

Context: In his later career he challenged twice for light welterweight world titles, both times in famous fights against Aaron Pryor.

Context: Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao

Context: In 2016, Manny Pacquiao was ranked number 2 on ESPN's list of top pound-for-pound boxers of the past 25 years.

Context: He is the only eight-division world champion in the history of the sport, having won eleven major world titles, as well as being the first boxer to win the lineal championship in five different weight classes.

Context: Pacquiao is also the first boxer in history to win major world titles in four of the original eight weight classes of boxing, also known as the "glamour divisions": flyweight, featherweight, lightweight, and welterweight.

Context: The Bloody Battle of Bayamon

Context: The Bloody Battle of Bayamón was a boxing fight held on January 28, 1978 at Juan Ramón Loubriel Stadium in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, between defending WBC world Jr.

Context: Lightweight champion Alfredo Escalera, and former WBA world Featherweight champion Alexis Argüello of Nicaragua.

Context: It would be the first of two fights the two men would have against each other.

Context: Boxing in the 1970s

Context: During the 1970s, boxing was characterized by dominating champions and history-making rivalries.

Context: The decade had many superstars, who also had fierce rivals.

Context: Alexis Argüello, for example, who won the world Featherweight and Jr.

Context: Lightweight titles in the '70s, had to overcome Alfredo Escalera twice before the decade was over.

Context: The Battle of the Champions (boxing)

Context: The Battle of the Champions, was a term used by promoter Bob Arum regarding the November 12, 1982 boxing match between Aaron Pryor and Alexis Argüello.

Context: Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet

Context: Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet, GCB (10 November 1806 – 29 December 1896) was a Royal Navy officer.

Context: As a captain on the North America and West Indies Station he was employed capturing slave-traders and carrying out fishery protection duties.

Context: He served as a Junior Naval Lord under both Liberal and Conservative administrations and was put in charge of organising British and French transports during the Crimean War.

Context: He became Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station and in this role he acted with diplomacy, especially in response to the Trent Affair on 8 November 1861 during the American Civil War, when the USS "San Jacinto", commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail packet RMS "Trent" and removed, as contraband of war, two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell.

Context: He became First Naval Lord in the fourth Derby ministry in July 1866 and in this role took advantage of the Government's focus on spending reduction to ask fundamental questions about naval strategy.

Context: He again became First Naval Lord in the first Gladstone ministry in November 1872, remaining in office under the second Disraeli ministry and identifying the critical need for trade protection at times of War and demanding new cruisers to protect British merchant shipping.

Context: Román González (boxer)

Context: Román Alberto González Luna (born June 17, 1987), best known as "Chocolatito" González, is a Nicaraguan professional boxer.

Context: He is the first boxer from Nicaragua to win world titles in four weight classes, having surpassed his mentor, idol, and former three-weight world champion, the late Alexis Argüello.

Context: González is also the first boxer in history to win world titles in all four of the lowest weight classes: minimumweight, light flyweight, flyweight, and super flyweight.

Context: Carlos Hernández (boxer)

Context: Carlos Hernández (born January 23, 1971 in Los Angeles, California) is a retired Salvadoran American boxer.

Context: He made boxing history by becoming the IBF super featherweight champion by beating David Santos.

Context: Carlos Hernández counted in that fight with the backing up of Alexis Argüello, Roberto Durán and the Salvadoran President, all of whom were at ringside cheering for him.

Context: On October 4, 2003, he retained the title against former IBF lightweight champion Steve Forbes, with an eleventh round technical decision.

Context: Daisy Torres

Context: Daisy Torres is a Nicaraguan politician who is the current mayor of Managua.

Context: She is the first female mayor of the city, occupying the post since 2009 when the former mayor Alexis Argüello died.

Context: She is a member of the Sandinista National Liberation Front.


Answer: no

Question: Are Portuguese Podengo and Russo-European Laika the same breed of dog?

Context: Russo-European Laika

Context: Russo-European Laika (Russko-Evropeĭskaya Láĭka) is the name of a breed of hunting dog that originated in the forested region of northern Europe and Russia, one of several breeds developed from landrace Laika dogs of very ancient Spitz type.

Context: The "Russo-European Laika" itself dates to a breeding program begun in 1944 by E. I. Shereshevsky of the All-Union Research Institute for the Hunting Industry, in Kalinin (now Tver) Province.

Context: Planet Laika

Context: Planet Laika (プラネットライカ ) is a role-playing video game developed by Quintet and Zeque for the PlayStation home game console.

Context: The game follows the main character, Laika, through a mission to Mars which forces the player to manipulate Laika's multiple-personality disorder in order to solve puzzles.

Context: All the characters in the game have dog heads, a possible reference to the Soviet space dog Laika.

Context: The game was only released in Japan.

Context: West Siberian Laika

Context: The West Siberian Laika or "WSL", is a breed of hunting dog and a breed of spitz type.

Context: Russian publications indicate that the term West Siberian Laika loosely applied to hunting dogs originating with the Mansi and Khanty people in Ural and West Siberia, but there were no standards or registrations of WSL as such until 1930.

Context: Then WWll disrupted it for a while, but "systematic breeding with registrations" resumed after the war ended, in 1946.

Context: This was the time the breed began taking modern shape.

Context: Before that hunters only knew of Mansi Laika and Khanty Laika.

Context: In early 1960 many hunters in Ural still preferred the term Mansi Laika, when speaking of West Siberian Laika.

Context: In Russian language, the term Laika originated from the word "layat" that means to bark.

Context: The word Laika simply means "barker".

Context: Any hunting Laika is a bark pointer (pointing at animal of interest by barking and staying with the animal ).

Context: It is a versatile dog depending on use and environment, but in certain parts of the country they have become more specialized.

Context: Bo (dog)

Context: Bo (born October 9, 2008) is a pet dog of the Obama family, the former First Family of the United States.

Context: Bo is a male Portuguese Water Dog.

Context: President Barack Obama and his family were given the dog as a gift after months of speculation about the breed and identity of their future pet.

Context: The final choice was made in part because Malia Obama's allergies dictated a need for a hypoallergenic breed.

Context: Bo has occasionally been called "First Dog".

Context: In August 2013, Bo was joined by Sunny, a female dog of the same breed.

Context: Yakutian Laika

Context: The Yakutian Laika (Russian: Якутская лайка ) is a working dog breed that originated in the Arctic seashore of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic.

Context: The major habitat is estuaries of Kolyma, Indigirka, Yana and Lena.

Context: In terms of functionality, Yakutian Laikas might serve as a reindeer herder’s dog (olenegonka), hunter’s dog, and a sled dog.

Context: Breed standard (dogs)

Context: A breed standard (also called bench standard or the standard) in the dog fancy is a set of guidelines covering specific "externally observable" qualities such as "appearance", "movement", and "temperament" for that dog breed.

Context: Breed standards are not scientific documents, but are written for each breed by clubs of hobbyists called breed clubs for their own specific requirements.

Context: Details and definitions within breed standards for a specific dog breed may vary from breed club to breed club and from country to country.

Context: Dog breed standards are similar in form and function to breed standards for other domesticated animals.

Context: East Siberian Laika

Context: The East Siberian Laika (Vostotchno-Sibirskaia Laika) is a Russian breed of dog of spitz type, a hunting dog originating in parts of Siberia east of the Yenisei River.

Context: Andalusian Hound

Context: The Andalusian hound (Spanish: "Podenco andaluz" ) is a dog breed originating in Spain, especially Andalusia.

Context: These dogs are similar to other Iberian breeds such as the Ibizan Hound, the Portuguese Podengo, the Podenco Canario and the Maneto.

Context: In the Iberian Peninsula there are cave paintings representing dogs with a strong resemblance to these races.

Context: Dogs very similar to these, including the Cirneco dell'Etna and Pharaoh Hound, have been bred in much of the Mediterranean basin since ancient times.

Context: Despite the widespread belief that the podencos were introduced into Spain some 3,000 years ago by the Phoenicians, recent genetic studies have concluded that these dogs actually have a close genetic relationship with other European hunting dogs and are no more "primitive" than the others.

Context: Portuguese Podengo

Context: The Portuguese Podengo is an ancient multi-sensory hound (sight and scent) breed of dog from Portugal.

Context: As a breed, the Podengo is divided into three size categories that are not interbred: small (Pequeno), medium (Medio) and large (Grande).

Context: Their coats are either short and 'smooth', or longer and 'wired'.

Context: The smooth coated variety is traditional, dating back to the 5th century, whereas the wire coated variety is an outcome of the assimilation of various other breeds during the 20th century.

Context: In general, the breed is healthy; the Pequeno (small) variety has an average lifespan of approximately 15–17 years.

Context: Laika

Context: Laika (Russian: Лайка ; c. 1954 – November 3, 1957) was a Soviet space dog who became one of the first animals in space, and the first animal to orbit the Earth.

Context: Laika, a stray dog from the streets of Moscow, was selected to be the occupant of the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 that was launched into outer space on November 3, 1957.


Answer: Swervedriver

Question: Which band formed first, Swervedriver or Incubus?

Context: The Strap-Ons

Context: The Strap-Ons are a punk rock band formed by vocalist Brian "Idle" Diederich, guitarist Billy England, bassist Emmit Joe George and drummer Ruben Remulla.

Context: A few months later, guitarist Kate Grottenhaler joined the group.

Context: The band formed in late 1996 originally as The Pimps in Norfolk, Virginia, but due to legal disputes, were forced to change their name to The Strap-Ons.

Context: The band's first CD was put out by a cooperative of six labels around the world called The World Label Cooperative.

Context: Time Lapse Consortium

Context: Time-Lapse Consortium is an American band formed in 2003.

Context: Their sound is described as Psychedelic, Jazz, and Funk.

Context: The group consists of current Incubus members Mike Einziger on Guitar, Jose Pasillas on drums, Ben Kenney on Bass (although he was not a member of Incubus at the time of joining Time Lapse Consortium), Neal Evans of Soulive on Organ, and Suzie Katayama contributing on string arrangements.

Context: Giants of Science

Context: Giants of Science is a band formed in Brisbane in Queensland.

Context: They refer to their music as "nerd-core" and have been influenced by Split Enz Swervedriver, Sparklehorse, Superchunk, Brisbane underground rock legends the KT26ers, and Sonic's Rendezvous Band.

Context: They have supported MC5, Rollins Band, A Perfect Circle, and Mudhoney and have toured in Canada.

Context: Their album "Here Is The Punishment" debuted at #4 on the national AIR independent albums chart.

Context: Issues (band)

Context: Issues is an American nu metalcore band formed in Atlanta, Georgia signed to Rise Records.

Context: The band currently consists of clean vocalist Tyler Carter, unclean vocalist Michael Bohn, bassist Skyler Acord, guitarist AJ Rebollo, and drummer Josh Manuel.

Context: Following Carter's and Bohn's departure from their former band Woe, Is Me, they formed the band and recorded their debut EP, "Black Diamonds", which was released on November 13, 2012 by Greg Long.

Context: After touring with bands such as Of Mice & Men, Beartooth, and Sleeping With Sirens, the band released the single "Hooligans" and began recording their self-titled debut album throughout 2013.

Context: In 2014, the band released their album "Issues" on February 18, 2014, and peaking at number 9 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling 22,000 copies within its first week.

Context: Swervedriver

Context: Swervedriver are an English alternative rock band formed in Oxford in 1989 around core members Adam Franklin and Jimmy Hartridge.

Context: Between 1989 and 1998, the band released four studio albums and numerous EPs and singles despite a considerable flux of members, managers, and record labels.

Context: By 1993 the band’s lineup had settled with Franklin on vocals/guitar, Hartridge on guitar, Jez Hindmarsh on drums, and Steve George on bass.

Context: They had emerged with a heavier rock sound than their shoegaze contemporaries, and over the next five years it evolved to include elements of psychedelia, classic pop, and indie rock.

Context: In 2008, the band reunited for touring purposes.

Context: They released their first new single in fifteen years in September 2013, and their first full-length album in seventeen years in March 2015.

Context: The Vermin

Context: The Vermin is a punk rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada.

Context: The band formed in 1984 (1986 in some sources)as Vermin From Venus by singer and guitarist Dirk Vermin, and was noted for releasing one of the first independent punk rock albums in Las Vegas, "Sex on Planet X".

Context: In 1994, Vermin and bassist Rob Ruckus formed a punk cover band called Godboy, and in 1995 the bands merged, adopting the name The Vermin.

Context: The band recorded their first album under their new name, "Hell or Las Vegas", in 1996 with drummer Anthony Hudak, but Hudak left the band soon after and was immediately replaced with current drummer Gerry "Turbo" Proctor.

Context: The band was featured in the low-budget horror film "Trans-American Killer" in 2005.

Context: Singer Dirk Vermin opened Pussykat Tattoo in 1999; the shop, Vermin, and bassist Ruckus are currently featured in the A&E program "Bad Ink".

Context: Cruelty's Heart

Context: Cruelty's Heart is a Danish/English Pagan Black Metal band formed in 2009.

Context: The band was formed by Bloodletter, Jens Forsberg-Olesen, Mikael Dupont, and Mads Holm Jensen.

Context: They are signed to the record company UKEM Records.

Context: The band's lyrical themes are heavily influenced by English Germanic Tales, and Anglo-Saxon culture/history.

Context: Their first demo, "Die for Woden" was released in 2011.

Context: In 2012, the band released their first Full-Length album titled "Rex Anglorvm Saxonvm", mainly containing lyrics on Germanic history and Saxon culture of England.

Context: In 2014, Cruelty's Heart did a split with the English Black Metal band, Frostwork.

Context: The Zombie Kids

Context: The Zombie Kids is a band formed by Edgar Candel Kerri and Cumhur Jay, two disc jockeys and record producers who live in Spain.

Context: The newly formed band became popular with their debut in Rock in Rio (Lisbon 2010) and the release of their first single "Face" (2010), which was a great success.

Context: The song was chosen to be part of the O.S.T of the movie "Tengo ganas de ti" and the Mexican brewery advertisement of "Cerveza Indio".

Context: Its good acceptance made the record label Universal Music sign an agreement with the band to record its first album, "The Zombie Kids", which went on sale 27 July 2012.

Context: That same year, the band was awarded with the Best Spanish Artist of the "MTV European Music Awards".

Context: During the summer of 2013 The Zombie Kids was the musical band which had performed the most in public.

Context: They have also launched their first project "TZK Radio" with monthly sessions with which they have made public their new song "My House is Your House" feat.

Context: MC Ambush.

Context: Kilburn and the High Roads

Context: Kilburn and the High Roads were a British pub rock band formed by Ian Dury in 1970, and the first band formed by Dury.

Context: The band released one studio album in 1975 before disbanding the same year.

Context: Allmusic credits the band with being "an undeniable influence on punk and new wave".

Context: Acrassicauda

Context: Acrassicauda is an American-based Iraqi heavy metal band formed in 2001.

Context: It is often credited as being the first heavy metal group to emerge from Iraq.

Context: The original band consisted of three Arab members and one Assyrian (Tony Aziz Yaqoo).

Context: The band formed and played concerts under the regime of Saddam Hussein.

Context: It became well known outside of the local Iraqi metal scene after Vice magazine did a profile of the band.

Context: It received even greater coverage when it was profiled in a feature-length documentary about the band and its troubles in Iraq called "Heavy Metal in Baghdad".

Context: The band's first album was released on March 9, 2010.


Answer: 1892

Question: What is the first year that the second largest university in Alabama fielded a football team?

Context: West Alabama Tigers football

Context: The West Alabama Tigers football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of West Alabama located in the U.S. state of Alabama.

Context: The team competes in the NCAA Division II and are members of the Gulf South Conference.

Context: West Alabama's first football team was fielded in 1938.

Context: The team plays its home games at the 7,000 seat Tiger Stadium in Livingston, Alabama.

Context: The Tigers are coached by Brett Gilliland.

Context: 1911 Alabama Crimson Tide football team

Context: The 1911 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1911 college football season.

Context: It was the Crimson Tide's 19th overall and 16th season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).

Context: The team was led by head coach D. V. Graves, in his first year, and played their home games at the University of Alabama Quad in Tuscaloosa and the Birmingham Fairgrounds in Birmingham, Alabama.

Context: They finished the season with a record of five wins, two losses and two ties (5–2–2 overall, 2–2–2 in the SIAA).

Context: 1899 Connecticut Aggies football team

Context: The 1899 Connecticut Aggies football team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1899 college football season.

Context: This was the fourth year that the school fielded a football team.

Context: The Aggies were led by first year head coach T. D. Knowles, and completed the season with a record of 6–2.

Context: The 1905 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.

Context: It was Alabama's 13th overall and 10th season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).

Context: The team was led by head coach Jack Leavenworth, in his first year, and played their home games at both the University of Alabama Quad in Tuscaloosa and the Birmingham Fairgrounds in Birmingham, Alabama.

Context: They finished the season with a record of six wins and four losses (6–4 overall, 4–4 in the SIAA).

Context: 1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team

Context: The 1910 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1910 college football season.

Context: It was the Crimson Tide's 18th overall and 15th season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).

Context: The team was led by head coach Guy Lowman, in his first year, and played their home games at the University of Alabama Quad in Tuscaloosa and the Birmingham Fairgrounds in Birmingham, Alabama.

Context: They finished the season with a record of four wins and four losses (4–4 overall, 0–4 in the SIAA).

Context: 1983 Alabama Crimson Tide football team

Context: The 1983 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA", "Bama" or "The Tide") represented the University of Alabama in the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season.

Context: It was the Crimson Tide's 91st overall and 50th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

Context: The team was led by head coach Ray Perkins, in his first year, and played their home games at both Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama.

Context: They finished the season with a record of eight wins and four losses (8–4 overall, 4–2 in the SEC).

Context: Ray Perkins, who played as a wide receiver for Bear Bryant in the 1960s, was named as the new head coach at Alabama on December 14, 1982, to succeed Bryant after his 25-year tenure as Alabama's head coach.

Context: 1902 Connecticut Aggies football team

Context: The 1902 Connecticut Aggies football team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1902 college football season.

Context: This was the seventh year that the school fielded a football team.

Context: The Aggies were led by first year head coach Edwin O. Smith, and completed the season with a record of 4–3.

Context: Georgia Southern Eagles football

Context: The Georgia Southern Eagles football program represents Georgia Southern University in football as part of the Sun Belt Conference under head coach Tyson Summers.

Context: The Eagles have won six FCS (I-AA) national championships and have produced two Walter Payton Award winners.

Context: The Eagles first continuously fielded a football team in 1924; however, play was suspended for World War II and revived in 1981.

Context: The Eagles competed as an FCS independent from 1984 until 1992 as the Eagles' main conference at the time, the Trans America Athletic Conference (now known as the Atlantic Sun Conference), did not sponsor football, and as a member of the Southern Conference from 1993 until 2013, winning 10 SoCon championships.

Context: Georgia Southern joined the Sun Belt Conference upon transitioning to the FBS level in 2014.

Context: The Eagles won the Sun Belt Conference championship outright in its first year as an FBS member.

Context: Georgia Southern has Sun Belt rivalries with all of the East Division schools (Appalachian State, Coastal Carolina, Georgia State, South Alabama, and Troy).

Context: Georgia Southern's main Sun Belt rivals are Appalachian State and Georgia State.

Context: 1997 Alabama Crimson Tide football team

Context: The 1997 Alabama Crimson Tide football team represented the University of Alabama in the college football season of 1997–98.

Context: The team's head coach was Mike DuBose, who was entering his first year at Alabama.

Context: They played their home games at both Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama and competed in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference.

Context: Alabama would finish with a record of 4–7 record in suffering the program's first losing season since the 1984 season.

Context: The loss against Kentucky marked Alabama's first ever overtime game, as overtime rules for college football had gone into effect the previous season.

Context: The 1906 Alabama Crimson White football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1906 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.

Context: It was Alabama's 14th overall and 11th season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).

Context: The team was led by head coach J. W. H. Pollard, in his first year, and played their home games at both the University of Alabama Quad in Tuscaloosa and the Birmingham Fairgrounds in Birmingham, Alabama.

Context: They finished the season with a record of five wins and one loss (5–1 overall, 3–1 in the SIAA).


Answer: Stony Brook University

Question: Which university is further North,  University of New Hampshire or Stony Brook University?

Context: Stony Brook University Track

Context: The Stony Brook University Track is the track/field at Stony Brook University serving as the home of the Stony Brook Seawolves men's and women's Track & Field Division I program.

Context: The Track and Field is located in the west campus and limited to the east by the Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium, to the west by Circle Road, to the south by Stony Brook Sports Complex and the recreational basketball and handball courts, and limited to the north by the intramural baseball and soccer fields.

Context: Stony Brook Seawolves football under Chuck Priore

Context: Chuck Priore is the current head coach of the Stony Brook Seawolves football team, which represents Stony Brook University in the NCAA, and participates in the Colonial Athletic Association.

Context: Priore was hired prior to the 2006 season and he led the transition of Stony Brook into a full-scholarship FCS program from the 2006 season in which the team awarded an equivalent 27 scholarships.

Context: In 2007, the team played as an independent while adding scholarships and a tougher schedule.

Context: In 2008, Stony Brook joined the Big South Conference as a full-scholarship program.

Context: Priore led the Seawolves to three consecutive Big South championships (in 2009, 2010, 2011) and so far has compiled a 37-31 record.

Context: Under the leadership of Priore the Seawolves played their first ever FBS opponent, South Florida, in the 2010 season.

Context: In 2011, Stony Brook won their first outright Big South Championship and participated for the first time in the FCS playoffs, advancing to the Second Round.

Context: Joe Nathan Field

Context: Joe Nathan Field is a baseball field on the campus of Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, United States.

Context: It is also referred to as the Stony Brook Baseball Field.

Context: The field is home to the team of the NCAA Division I America East Conference.

Context: It is located at the northern end of the school's athletics complex.

Context: The facility was known as Seawolves Field through the 2002 season, when its name was changed to University Field.

Context: In 2011, the stadium was rededicated for then-Minnesota Twins pitcher and Stony Brook alumnus Joe Nathan after Nathan's $500,000 gift made extensive renovations possible.

Context: As part of the renovations, a FieldTurf surface was installed.

Context: The Stony Brook University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stony Brook University.

Context: The school is located in the Stony Brook University Hospital located at Stony Brook, NY.

Context: Stony Brook University

Context: The State University of New York at Stony Brook (also known as Stony Brook University or SUNY Stony Brook) is a public sea-grant and space-grant research university located in Stony Brook, New York in the United States.

Context: It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

Context: Stony Brook Sports Complex

Context: Stony Brook Sports Complex is a multi-purpose complex located in Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.

Context: The Complex houses the Stony Brook Arena on the west end, the Pritchard Gymnasium, a 25 yard long swimming Pool, an athletic performance center and many other athletic facilities within.

Context: Currently, the Stony Brook Seawolves basketball and volleyball programs home games are played in the Complex, specifically in the Pritchard Gymnasium.

Context: The Stony Brook Arena on the west end is currently undergoing $20 million renovation.

Context: During this renovation period, the Pritchard Gymnasium will be used to host the basketball and volleyball games.

Context: Island Federal Credit Union Arena

Context: Island Federal Credit Union Arena, formerly the Stony Brook University Arena, is 4,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Stony Brook, New York.

Context: It is the home of the Stony Brook Seawolves men's and women's basketball teams.

Context: Originally built in 1990, it underwent a $21.1 million renovation in 2012–14.

Context: Naming rights were sold to a regional credit union, Island Federal Credit Union.

Context: The 2012 America East Championship Game between Stony Brook and Vermont was played at the arena.

Context: It contains four scoreboards and two videoboards, plus four luxury suites with 16 seats each.

Context: It is also used for concerts, trade shows, conventions, graduations and other special events.

Context: Pritchard Gymnasium

Context: Pritchard Gymnasium is a 2,000-seat multi-purpose gymnasium located within the Stony Brook Sports Complex in Stony Brook, New York.

Context: The gym opened in 1969 and was the home of the Stony Brook University Patriots/Seawolves basketball and volleyball teams, as well as the venue for a multitude of concerts, including big names such as Janice Joplin with Big Brother and the Holding Company.

Context: The Island Federal Credit Union Arena completed its renovation project in 2014.

Context: It also served as the only home of the Seawolves prior to the IFCU Arena's opening in 1990.

Context: Pritcard gymnasium was renovated in the summer of 2008 and reopened in time for the 2009 Stony Brook Women's Volleyball season.

Context: The new gym features a refinished hardwood floor with a painting of Wolfie, a new large scoreboard, and retractable bleachers.

Context: Stony Brook University student housing

Context: The State University of New York at Stony Brook is the largest residential campus in the SUNY system, with approximately 54.5% of its students living on campus.

Context: Housing at Stony Brook is issued and controlled by Stony Brook University Campus Residences, which provides 9,445 spaces in its 11 corridor style buildings, 17 suite style buildings, and 23 apartment style buildings to Undergraduate students, Graduate students, and student's families.

Context: The large majority of on-campus housing is provided to students on the university's west campus, but housing is available to those on east campus, and for Stony Brook Southampton students.

Context: Stony Brook University Hospital

Context: Stony Brook University Hospital, previously known as Stony Brook University Medical Center, is the university hospital of Stony Brook University located in the East Campus in Stony Brook, New York.

Context: It is the largest academic medical center on Long Island with 603 beds for patient care.

Context: The hospital houses the Stony Brook University School of Medicine.

Context: Long Island's only tertiary care and Level 1 Trauma Center, the hospital is ranked as the 20th best in New York and 21st in the New York metropolitan area by U.S. News and World Report


Answer: Marion, South Australia

Question: Which Australian city founded in 1838 contains a boarding school opened by a Prime Minister of Australia and named after a school in London of the same name.

Context: Fay School

Context: Fay School is an independent, coeducational day and boarding school, located on a 66 acre campus some 25 mi from Boston in Southborough, Massachusetts, and is the oldest junior boarding school in the United States.

Context: It has 475 students enrolled from Pre-kindergarten through grade 9; the boarding program (grades 7–9) enrolls 120 students from throughout the United States and more than 19 foreign countries.

Context: Fay opened its Primary School (Pre-K to Grade Two) in 2010 and moved its 6th grade into the Lower School program (now 3rd to 6th) in the 2012–13 school year.

Context: Princeton High School (Illinois)

Context: Princeton High School was founded in 1867 and graduated its first class in 1869.

Context: The school was started as a boarding school and taught subjects as English, mathematics, history, and the sciences.

Context: The school was enlarged in both 1894 and 1908 in order to accommodate for increases in attendance.

Context: The school was completely destroyed by fire on December 15, 1924.

Context: Plans were then drawn up to build a new school, but in the mean time classes were held in City Hall, the Post Office, and the Christian and Mission Covenant Churches in Princeton.

Context: The new school opened its doors on September 27, 1926.

Context: The building, 350 ft long and 100 ft wide, contained twenty classrooms; an auditorium seating 1,100; a library; a science lecture room; chemistry, physics and botanical laboratories; and a gymnasium.

Context: The building is still in use today, though several additions and remodelings have taken place since then.

Context: Cotter High School (Winona, Minnesota)

Context: Cotter High School is the sole Roman Catholic High School in Winona, Minnesota, and is one of the first in the state.

Context: Today, Cotter Schools consists of the Cotter High School and Cotter Junior High School.

Context: The school opened its doors on September 5, 1911 as the "Cotter School for Boys".

Context: Cotter, named for the diocese’s first bishop, Bishop Joseph Bernard Cotter, was a boys school directed by the Christian Brothers of Saint John Baptist de La Salle.

Context: In 1952, the Brothers turned the operation of the school over to the diocese and Cotter became co-educational with the combining of the Cathedral Girls High School.

Context: In 1953 a new Cotter building was erected and in 1962 an addition was added.

Context: In 1992, with help from an endowment from the Hiawatha Education Foundation, the school moved to its current location on the campus of the former College of Saint Teresa, allowing it to add a boarding school component.

Context: Sainik School Balachadi, Jamnagar

Context: The Sainik School Balachadi ("Hindi: सैनिक शाला बालाचडी" ), Jamnagar, Gujarat, is one of the Top Sainik School in the Chain of 26 Sainik Schools in India.

Context: It is one of the boarding school for public education in Gujarat.It was established in July 1961 by then the Honorable Prime Minister Sri Lal Bahadur Shastri.

Context: It is an elite English medium, fully residential boarding school for boys providing Premium public school education with a Military bias up to 10+2 stage as per the Central Board of Secondary Education.

Context: The Chain of Sainik Schools in India was established as a prime focus of strengthening the Armed Forces and All India Services IAS & IPS, and other fields of Public services.

Context: The School is Located at a distance of 32 km from the main city of Jamnagar alongside a coastal area.

Context: The campus facing the Gulf of Kutch is encompassed with a Bungalow of The Ruler of Nawanagar Maharaja Jam Shaheb Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji, Sachana Ship Breaking Yard and a natural sea beach.

Context: Westminster School, Adelaide

Context: Westminster School is an independent, Uniting Church, Early Learning to Year 12, coeducational, day and boarding school located at Marion, South Australia, 12 km south of Adelaide.

Context: Founded as a Methodist day and boarding school for boys, the school was opened by the Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1961 and is named after Westminster School in London.

Context: The school became co-educational in 1978, and has a current enrolment of around 1150 students.

Context: Concho Indian Boarding School

Context: Concho Indian Boarding School (also known as the Cheyenne-Arapaho Boarding School at Concho or Concho Indian School and home to the Concho Demonstration School) was a boarding school for members of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes and later opened to other Native American students.

Context: It existed from 1909 to 1983.

Context: It was located in central Oklahoma, approximately 1 mile south of Concho, Oklahoma and 4 miles north of El Reno, Oklahoma.

Context: The name of the town and school is the Spanish word for "shell" and was named for the Indian agent, Charles E. Shell.

Context: Grace Church School

Context: Grace Church School is a private school whose original building is located at 86 Fourth Avenue between East 10th and East 12th Streets in the East Village neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City.

Context: The school was founded in 1894 by the Grace Church as the first choir boarding school in New York City.

Context: The private day school, which much resembles the school today, began in 1934.

Context: Grace Church School's High School Division opened in 2012 and is located at 46 Cooper Square.

Context: In the 2015-16 school year, the school opened for the first time as a Junior Kindergarten through 12th grade program.

Context: Grennaskolan

Context: Grennaskolan Boarding School is a Swedish boarding school located in Gränna, Jönköping County.

Context: Grennaskolan Boarding School was founded in 1963 by Stockholm University and has today approximately 200 students, half of whom are boarding school students and half of whom are international students.

Context: Vishwajyoti Higher Secondary School

Context: Vishwajyoti Higher Secondary School was initially established in the year 2051 B.S (1994 A.D) by a group of highly experienced professional in the field of education at Pragatinagar – 3, Nawalparasi, Nepal, in collaboration with Nawal English Boarding School, established at Rajhar V.D.C. in the year 2039 B.S (1982 A.D) to promote it from Primary Level to Secondary Level and was run under the name of Nawal English Boarding School (NEBS) upto 2056 B.S (1999 A.D).

Context: NEBS was later merged into Vishwa Jyoti English Boarding School in the year 2057 B.S (2000 A.D).

Context: In the year 2064 B.S (2007 A.D) the school upgraded itself to the Higher Secondary Level, affiliated to the Higher Secondary Education Board (H.S.E.B.) and started running classes in the science and management stream.

Context: official website

Context: PNG solution

Context: The Regional Resettlement Arrangement between Australia and Papua New Guinea, colloquially known as the PNG solution, is the name given to an Australian government policy in which any asylum seeker who comes to Australia by boat without a visa will be refused settlement in Australia, instead being settled in Papua New Guinea if they are found to be legitimate refugees.

Context: The policy includes a significant expansion of the Australian immigration detention facility on Manus Island, where refugees will be sent to be processed prior to resettlement in Papua New Guinea, and if their refugee status is found to be non-genuine, they will be either repatriated, sent to a third country other than Australia or remain in detention indefinitely.

Context: The policy was announced on 19 July 2013 by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Papua New Guinean Prime Minister Peter O'Neill, effective immediately, in response to a growing number of asylum seeker boat arrivals.

Context: The then Opposition Leader Tony Abbott initially welcomed the policy, while Greens leader Christine Milne and several human rights advocate groups opposed it, with demonstrations protesting the policy held in every major Australian city after the announcement.


Answer: Debbie Harry

Question: Which American singer-songwriter toured with J.P. Doherty in 2007 on Cyndi Lauper's True Colors tour?

Context: J. P. Doherty

Context: J.P. Doherty (born September 27, 1978 in Brick Township, New Jersey) is a guitarist from Bloomfield, New Jersey.

Context: He was a member of the band You Were Spiraling from 1998 to 2001 (now Spiraling).

Context: He toured with tabla master Karsh Kale from 2003–2006, and played on his Six Degrees release "Broken English", released March 21, 2006.

Context: In June 2007, J.P. toured with Debbie Harry on Cyndi Lauper's True Colors tour, and on the Necessary Evil tour in November and December of the same year, supporting Harry's 2007 release "Necessary Evil".

Context: He is now the guitarist for the Northern New Jersey band, The Bad Touch.

Context: Necessary Evil (Deborah Harry album)

Context: Necessary Evil, is the fifth solo album by the American singer Deborah Harry.

Context: Released in September 2007, it is her first solo album in fourteen years.

Context: The album contains fourteen tracks (seventeen in some territories), including the first single "Two Times Blue", released on the iTunes Store on June 6, 2007.

Context: Harry promoted the album on Cyndi Lauper's True Colors Tour 2007, performing a number of songs from the album.

Context: Upon its release in the UK, it debuted at #86.

Context: In the US, it debuted at #37 on the Independent Chart.

Context: Maybe He'll Know

Context: "Maybe He'll Know" is the fifth and final single from American singer Cyndi Lauper's album, "True Colors", released only in Europe in 1987.

Context: It is a remake of a song that Lauper recorded with her former band, Blue Angel.

Context: The two versions are slightly different lyrically in a few lines.

Context: Billy Joel joins Lauper in 'doo wop' style back-up vocal duties.

Context: True Colors (Cyndi Lauper album)

Context: True Colors is the second album by American pop singer Cyndi Lauper, released on September 15, 1986.

Context: The album produced several hits as "True Colors", "Change of Heart", and "What's Going On" reached the top twenty of the "Billboard" Hot 100, with the first two becoming top 5 hits.

Context: True Colors: The Best of Cyndi Lauper

Context: True Colors: The Best of Cyndi Lauper is a 2009 compilation album by Cyndi Lauper, released exclusively in Australia and New Zealand as part of Sony Camden, a budget range of compilations by Sony Music.

Context: Bring Ya to the Brink Tour

Context: The Bring Ya To The Brink Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American singer-songwriter and actress Cyndi Lauper to support her album "Bring Ya to the Brink".

Context: It was the tenth official Cyndi Lauper's own tour that she was promoting an album.

Context: The shows were in Australia, Japan, Europe and South America, with over 40 concerts in 22 countries.

Context: Lauper raised more than 30 million dollars with this tour.

Context: In the UK, her opening act was Jessie J who later joined Cyndi on stage to sing with her on Girls Just Want To Have Fun.

Context: The North American (United States and Canada) leg of this tour was covered by her True Colors 2008 tour in the summer of 2008 where she performed an almost identical set to promote "Bring Ya to the Brink".

Context: True Colors (concert tour)

Context: True Colors was an annual music event created by American recording artist, Cyndi Lauper.

Context: The concerts were headlined by Lauper and featured various music and comedy acts.

Context: Beginning in 2007, the trek supported the Human Rights Campaign, PFLAG and the Matthew Shepard Foundation.

Context: Other local and private LGBT charities and foundations were supported as the event grew.

Context: The tour began with 16 shows in 2007 expanding to 25 shows in 2008.

Context: Lauper's set during the 2008 tour was basically the North American leg of her worldwide Bring Ya to the Brink Tour that year.

Context: An outing in 2009 was planned and later cancelled.

Context: In lieu of the tour, Lauper partnered with Broadway Impact to create the True Colors Cabaret.

Context: The show began September 28, 2009 and ran once a month at Feinstein's at Loews Regency.

Context: It featured performances from Lauper, Rufus Wainwright, Lea Michele, Jonathan Groff, Jason Mraz, Sara Bareilles, Karen Olivo, Melinda Doolittle and Broadway Inspirational Voices.

Context: The shows ran until February 2010.

Context: Ballad of Cleo and Joe

Context: "Ballad of Cleo and Joe" is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper, taken from her fifth studio album, "Sisters of Avalon" (1996).

Context: The song was written and Cyndi Lauper, Jan Pulsford while it was produced by Pulsford, Mark Saunders and Lauper.

Context: The song was released as the third single from the album on September 16, 1997 by Epic Records.

Context: Lyrically, the song describes the double life of a drag queen, the titular 'Joe' (by day) and 'Cleo' (by night).

Context: True Colors World Tour

Context: The True Colors World Tour was a concert tour by American recording artist Cyndi Lauper.

Context: It was Lauper's first headlining world tour in 1986-87 in support of her album, "True Colors".

Context: The True Colors tour included dates across North America, Asia and Europe.

Context: Change of Heart (Cyndi Lauper song)

Context: "Change of Heart" is the second single released by American singer Cyndi Lauper from her second album, "True Colors" in 1986.

Context: The single went gold in the US and peaked at No. 3 in the "Billboard" Hot 100.

Context: The song has become a fan favorite and Lauper still often performs it.

Context: Lauper re-recorded it acoustically, and her official site later made it available free as a digital download.


Answer: Dryopteris

Question: Which species of trees is larger Dryopteris or Gymnocladus?

Context: Dryopteris cristata

Context: Dryopteris cristata is a species of fern native to wetlands throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

Context: It is known as crested wood fern or crested buckler-fern.

Context: This plant is a tetraploid species of hybrid origin, one parent being "Dryopteris ludoviciana" and the other being the unknown, apparently extinct species, dubbed "Dryopteris semicristata", which is also one of the presumed parents of "Dryopteris carthusiana".

Context: "D. cristata" in turn is one of the parents of "Dryopteris clintoniana", another fern of hybrid origin.

Context: Dryopteris

Context: Dryopteris , commonly called wood fern, male fern (referring in particular to "Dryopteris filix-mas"), or buckler fern, is a genus of about 250 species of ferns with distribution in Eastern Asia, the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Pacific islands, with the highest species diversity in eastern Asia.

Context: Many of the species have stout, slowly creeping rootstocks that form a crown, with a vase-like ring of fronds.

Context: The sori are round, with a peltate indusium.

Context: The stipes have prominent scales.

Context: Dryopteris campyloptera

Context: Dryopteris campyloptera, also known as the mountain wood fern, is a large American fern of higher elevations and latitudes.

Context: It was formerly known as "Dryopteris spinulosa" var.

Context: "americana".

Context: This species also has been mistakenly referred to "D. austriaca" and "D. dilatata".

Context: Dryopteris goldiana

Context: Dryopteris goldiana, commonly called Goldie's wood fern, or giant wood fern is a fern native to the eastern United States and adjacent areas of Canada, from New Brunswick to Ontario and Georgia.

Context: It is the largest native North American species of "Dryopteris" and along with ostrich fern it is one of the largest ferns in eastern North America.

Context: Specimens are known with fronds six feet (1.8 meters) tall.

Context: "D. goldiana" hybridizes with many other species of "Dryopteris" and the hybrids tend to be larger than the pure species.

Context: It was named by William Hooker in honor of its discoverer, John Goldie.

Context: Caesalpinioideae

Context: Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae.

Context: Its name is formed from the generic name "Caesalpinia".

Context: It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily.

Context: The Caesalpinioideae are mainly trees distributed in the moist tropics, but include such temperate species as the honeylocust ("Gleditsia triacanthos") and Kentucky coffeetree ("Gymnocladus dioicus").

Context: It has the following clade-based definition:

Context: Dryopteris clintoniana

Context: Dryopteris clintoniana, commonly known as Clinton's wood fern, is a fern of hybrid origin native to the northern hemisphere.

Context: It is a fertile hexaploid, arising as a species by doubling of its chromosome number from a hybrid between "Dryopteris cristata", a tetraploid, and "Dryopteris goldiana", a diploid.

Context: It is more northern in its range than either parent species.

Context: Gymnocladus

Context: Gymnocladus (Neo-Latin, from Greek γυμνὀς, "gymnos", naked + κλάδος, "klados", branch) is a small genus of leguminous trees.

Context: The common name coffeetree is used for this genus.

Context: Dryopteris crassirhizoma

Context: Dryopteris crassirhizoma is a fern species in the genus "Dryopteris".

Context: It is an element (Traditional: 貫眾, Simplified: 贯众) of the Yupingfeng Asian soup formulation derivative.

Context: Frond dimorphism

Context: Frond dimorphism refers to a difference in ferns between the fertile and sterile fronds.

Context: Since ferns, unlike flowering plants, bear spores on the leaf blade itself, this may affect the form of the frond itself.

Context: In some species of ferns, there is virtually no difference between the fertile and sterile fronds, such as in the genus "Dryopteris", other than the mere presence of the sori, or fruit-dots, on the back of the fronds.

Context: Some other species, such as "Polystichum acrostichoides" (Christmas fern), or some ferns of the genus "Osmunda", feature dimorphism on a portion of the frond only.

Context: Others, such as some species of "Blechnum" and "Woodwardia", have fertile fronds that are markedly taller than the sterile.

Context: Still others, such as "Osmunda cinnamomea" (Cinnamon fern), or plants of the family Onocleaceae, have fertile fronds that are completely different from the sterile.

Context: Dryopteris intermedia

Context: Dryopteris intermedia, the intermediate wood fern, is an evergreen eastern North American species also occasionally found in Europe.

Context: It is a diploid species, and is the parent of several species of hybrid origin, including "Dryopteris carthusiana".


Answer: Distinguished Service Cross

Question: The author of "We Were Soldiers Once… And Young" received what military decoration for valor?

Context: Military Merit Cross (Prussia)

Context: The Military Merit Cross ("Militär-Verdienstkreuz") was the highest bravery award of the Kingdom of Prussia for non-commissioned officers and enlisted soldiers.

Context: It was also known as the Golden Military Merit Cross ("Goldenes Militär-Verdienstkreuz") to distinguish it from the Military Decoration 1st Class ("Militär-Ehrenzeichen I. Klasse"), a lesser Prussian enlisted bravery decoration which was an identical cross but in silver.

Context: The Military Merit Cross came to also be known as the "Pour le Mérite for non-commissioned officers and enlisted men" ("Orden Pour le Mérite für Unteroffiziere und Mannschaften"), after the Pour le Mérite, Prussia's highest military decoration for officers.

Context: Bukochosho

Context: The Bukōchōshō (武功徴章 ) ("Badge for Military Merit"), commonly called the Bukōshō , was a military decoration of the Empire of Japan, established on 7 December 1944 by Imperial edict.

Context: It was awarded by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) to living soldiers who had performed with exceptional valor in battle.

Context: Airmen, especially fighter pilots defending Japan against enemy bombers, were most likely to win the award.

Context: Eighty-nine "Bukōshō" were awarded during the eight months it was actively awarded.

Context: Military Merit Medal (Vietnam)

Context: The Republic of Vietnam Military Merit Medal (Vietnamese: "Quân công bội tinh" ) was the highest military decoration bestowed to enlisted personnel by South Vietnam during the years of the Vietnam War.

Context: The medal was established on August 15, 1950.

Context: The Military Merit Medal was modelled after the French Médaille Militaire and was awarded mostly to Enlisted Men for valor in combat.

Context: The Vietnamese National Order of Vietnam was considered the equivalent decoration for military officers.

Context: Cross of Valour (Poland)

Context: The Cross of Valor (Polish: "Krzyż Walecznych" ) is a Polish military decoration.

Context: It was first introduced by the Council of National Defense on 11 August 1920.

Context: It is awarded to an individual who "has demonstrated deeds of valor and courage on the field of battle."

Context: It may be awarded to the same person up to four times.

Context: The medal is given only in wartime or shortly after.

Context: George Cregan

Context: George Cregan (December 11, 1885 – June 30, 1969) was a commander in the United States Navy.

Context: He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military award for valor, for his role in the United States occupation of Veracruz when he was a coxswain.

Context: He was also awarded the Navy Cross, the second highest military decoration awarded to a member of the United States Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and to members of the Coast Guard for extraordinary heroism.

Context: He received the Navy Cross for his participation in the 1929 salvage operation of the submarine USS S-4.

Context: Stolen Valor Act of 2005

Context: The Stolen Valor Act of 2005, signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 20, 2006, was a U.S. law that broadened the provisions of previous U.S. law addressing the unauthorized wear, manufacture, or sale of any military decorations and medals.

Context: The law made it a federal misdemeanor to falsely represent oneself as having received any U.S. military decoration or medal.

Context: If convicted, defendants might have been imprisoned for up to six months, unless the decoration lied about is the Medal of Honor, in which case imprisonment could have been up to one year.

Context: In "United States v. Alvarez" the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 28, 2012, that the Stolen Valor Act was an unconstitutional abridgment of the freedom of speech under the First Amendment, striking down the law in a 6 to 3 decision.

Context: Military Valor Medal

Context: The Military Valor Medal (Portuguese: "Medalha de Valor Militar" ) is the highest military decoration and second highest honour of Portugal.

Context: Established on 2 October 1863, the medal is awarded for "heroic deeds of extraordinary selflessness and bravery or great moral courage and exceptional ability to make decisions, whether in war or in time of peace, but always in circumstances where there is proven or suspected danger to life".

Context: It comprises three grades - Gold ("Ouro"), Silver ("Prata") and Copper ("Cobre").

Context: Award of the Medal in Gold confers entitlement to wear a fourragère.

Context: William T. Perkins Jr.

Context: William Thomas Perkins Jr. (August 10, 1947 – October 12, 1967) was a United States Marine who posthumously received the United States' highest military decoration for valor — the Medal of Honor — for his heroic action on October 12, 1967 during the Vietnam War in which he smothered an exploding grenade with his body to save the lives of three fellow Marines.

Context: Perkins is the only combat photographer to have received the Medal of Honor.

Context: Medal of Honor

Context: The Medal of Honor is the United States of America's highest and most prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who distinguished themselves by acts of valor.

Context: The medal is normally awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the U.S. Congress.

Context: There are three versions of the medal, one for the Army, one for the Navy, and one for the Air Force.

Context: Personnel of the Marine Corps and Coast Guard receive the Navy version.

Context: U.S. awards, including the Medal of Honor, do not have post-nominal titles, and while there is no official abbreviation, the most common abbreviations are "MOH" and "MH".

Context: The Medal of Honor is the oldest continuously issued combat decoration of the United States armed forces.

Context: Texas Medal of Valor

Context: The Lone Star Medal of Valor is the second highest military decoration that may be awarded to a member of the Texas Military Forces.

Context: This includes Air National Guard, Army National Guard, and State Guard.

Context: This medal may also be awarded to federal military personnel, or state military personnel of other states.

Context: It is sometimes referred to as the "Texas Medal of Valor".

Context: Only the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor is of higher rank.


Answer: a minor basilica

Question: The Column of Saint Zanobi  is a monumental marble column located just north of religious building with the status of what?

Context: Dhar iron pillar

Context: The Dhar iron pillar is a now-fragmented iron column located in the Dhar town of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Context: The exact origins of the pillar are unknown, but according to the local tradition, it was a victory column erected by the 11th century Paramara king Bhoja.

Context: Pestsäule, Vienna

Context: The Pestsäule (English: Plague Column ) or Dreifaltigkeitssäule (English: Trinity Column ) is a Holy Trinity column located on the Graben, a street in the inner city of Vienna, Austria.

Context: Erected after the Great Plague epidemic in 1679, the Baroque memorial is one of the most well-known and prominent sculptural pieces of art in the city.

Context: Colonna di San Zanobi, Florence

Context: The Column of Saint Zanobi (it:Colonna di San Zanobi) is a monumental marble column, surmounted by a cross above a crown of fire, located just north of the Bapstistery of San Giovanni in Florence, Italy.

Context: San Jacinto Monument

Context: The San Jacinto Monument is a 567.31 ft column located on the Houston Ship Channel in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States, near the city of Houston.

Context: The monument is topped with a 220-ton star that commemorates the site of the Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution.

Context: The monument, constructed between 1936 and 1939 and dedicated on April 21, 1939, is the world's tallest masonry column and is part of the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site.

Context: By comparison, the Washington Monument is 554.612 ft tall, but remains the tallest stone monument in the world.

Context: The column is an octagonal shaft topped with a 34 ft Lone Star – the symbol of Texas.

Context: Visitors can take an elevator to the monument's observation deck for a view of Houston and the Battleship Texas (see USS "Texas" ).

Context: Column of the Vicariate

Context: The Column of the Vicariate or Colonna della Vicaria was a simple white marble column on a pedestal that formerly stood outside the Castel Capuano along Via dei Tribunali in Naples, Italy.

Context: It was used by the government first as a place for punishment of debtors.

Context: Alexander II Column in Odessa

Context: Alexander II Column, also known as Alexander's column or Monument to Alexander II of Russia, is a triumphal column located in Shevchenko, Odessa and is commemorated to the visit of Russian Emperor Alexander II the city of Odessa in 1875.

Context: Column of Phocas

Context: The Column of Phocas (Italian: "Colonna di Foca" ) is a Roman monumental column in the Roman Forum of Rome, Italy.

Context: Erected before the Rostra and dedicated or rededicated in honour of the Eastern Roman Emperor Phocas on August 1, 608, it was the last addition made to the "Forum Romanum".

Context: The fluted Corinthian column stands 13.6 m (44 ft) tall on its cubical white marble socle.

Context: On stylistic grounds, the column seems to have been made in the 2nd century for an unknown structure, and then recycled for the present monument.

Context: Likewise, the socle was recycled from its original use supporting a statue dedicated to Diocletian; the former inscription was chiselled away to provide a space for the later text.

Context: Piazza Colonna

Context: Piazza Colonna is a piazza at the center of the Rione of Colonna in the historic heart of Rome, Italy.

Context: It is named for the marble Column of Marcus Aurelius, which has stood there since AD 193.

Context: The bronze statue of Saint Paul that crowns the column was placed in 1589, by order of Pope Sixtus V.

Context: The Roman Via Lata (now the Via del Corso) runs through the piazza's eastern end, from south to north.

Context: Berlin Peace Column

Context: The Peace Column (German: Friedenssäule) is a column located in Mehringplatz in Berlin, Germany.

Context: Designed by Christian Gottlieb Cantian and erected in 1843, the 19-meter column is topped with a brass status of Victoria, goddess of victory, designed by Christian Daniel Rauch.

Context: In 1876, allegories of the four victorious allies of [Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] (or Belle Alliance in Prussian historiography) were added, and in 1879 two more sculptures followed: "The Peace" by Albert Wolff and "Clio", writing the history of the Wars of Liberation (Befreiungskriege) by .

Context: Colonna dell'Abbondanza, Florence

Context: The Colonna dell'Abbondanza is a monumental column located in the Piazza della Repubblica in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.