[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes, so in case you be on management on a daily basis, let us agree on a day, then you have no drugs because usually we have to sometimes start all over again, sometimes they may get complications

[Assistant] So, from what you have you have said like someone who has high BP, then they are coming, does that means that there are some people dying in the community honestly without seeking care in the hospital

[User] Some patients come to the hospital as a last resort, it has failed elsewhere, lets us try here, sometimes it’s always the users, we have the emergency unit but sometimes we have the emergencies in another unit, like commits an abortion and the stuffs ,the patient comes and like in the gyn ward, someone tells you that I had pain in the morning and they have showed up about 8:00 p.m., so you wonder, so the whole day, what were you doing, yes, so you ask and to hear that they have been taking the smaller herbs, then you start asking, ok, that is all, what are complications that you should have been experiencing, it should have been done long time ago and then you see they have showed up

[Assistant] And then in your opinion, this is the last question, which are the two most important things ministry of health could do to improve outcomes of RHD?

[User] Sensitise the patients and raise awareness because personally I don’t know much about it so I cannot imagine how much the community does know about it, then me as a medical worker, I don’t know much about it unless it’s a unique local, then they really need it too much, they will know about it but generally not so much about it ,so there is need to raise awareness, sensitisation then besides that, also on the drugs to treat it because the drugs that come, most of the treatment drugs are to treat hypertension also maybe because it’s very common but then RHD is not hypertension. So there may be a social distinction which may be solved much on their own if that is rectified, it should be fine

[Assistant] Wow, beautiful, thank you so much for you time, any question before we finish


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] When should we get the guidelines?

[Assistant] You said?

[User] How can we get the guidelines?

[Assistant] The guidelines

[User] Yes

[Assistant] We shall leave that to our bosses


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] How can we get the guidelines?

[Assistant] The guidelines

[User] Yes

[Assistant] We shall leave that to our bosses

[User] Is there how we could maybe get it

[Assistant] No, we shall talk to our bosses because at least some of the bosses I think can do something


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes

[Assistant] We shall leave that to our bosses

[User] Is there how we could maybe get it

[Assistant] No, we shall talk to our bosses because at least some of the bosses I think can do something

[User] Because we may not be able to get the hard copy unless we know

[Assistant] Thank you so much for that information, surely that is something that has been heard


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We are fine thanks

[Assistant]
I am here with Mbaba Malaki, we are from Sokoine University of agriculture which is located in Morogoro, and we are also working with international organisation IRI which deals with milk. I hope you heard about Maziwa Zaidi (More Milk) who came here in the sometimes ago. This is our second time coming to this place the aim is to study more the food changes in this community. In previous we have some issues you explained which were not clearer to us, so we are here to discuss again. We record this conversation; the discussion is not mandatory you can decide to stop any time but we want you all to talk because we want to learn. (Consent process going on, Maasai language speaking........Aziz)

Are we all consenting now to participate?

[User] Yes-all

[Assistant] When we come here in February we heard that there were foods you used to eat in the past but not consumed now, also there were some food which were not eaten in the past but are consumed now example some Masaai are eating fish now days, also some are eating chicken but in the past they were not eating. Also cooking is not the same as in the past Where in the previous we used to boil and also grill and then mix with local herbs and then eat, how we cook now

[User] Now days when we cook meat we mix with tomatoes, Irish potatoes, onions and cooking oil

[Assistant] We have seen this is not as how people used to prepare food in the past, so what caused these changes?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes-all

[Assistant] When we come here in February we heard that there were foods you used to eat in the past but not consumed now, also there were some food which were not eaten in the past but are consumed now example some Masaai are eating fish now days, also some are eating chicken but in the past they were not eating. Also cooking is not the same as in the past Where in the previous we used to boil and also grill and then mix with local herbs and then eat, how we cook now

[User] Now days when we cook meat we mix with tomatoes, Irish potatoes, onions and cooking oil

[Assistant] We have seen this is not as how people used to prepare food in the past, so what caused these changes?

[User] speaking in Maasai

[Assistant] Do you understand what he said, mhh do you eat vegetable, cowpea, beans. Why you are not eating only milk and meat? Why you changed?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] speaking in Maasai

[Assistant] Do you understand what he said, mhh do you eat vegetable, cowpea, beans. Why you are not eating only milk and meat? Why you changed?

[User] Is because when you visit your sister somewhere you could see how she cooks

[Assistant] Where

[User] Is our neighbour Masai

[Assistant] Where did they learn cooking


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Is our neighbour Masai

[Assistant] Where did they learn cooking

[User] From other people

[Assistant] What else?

[User] I n the past there were no development the Maasai were depending on the sour milk but now there are so many developments

[Assistant] What kind of that development? Another one who could explain?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] I n the past there were no development the Maasai were depending on the sour milk but now there are so many developments

[Assistant] What kind of that development? Another one who could explain?

[User] T ranslator-She said that they used to eat meat and animal fat, but after coming of religion they started to be told that what they were not eating is not right and they should change. They were told that the kind of food that they were eating were not good in health wise, religion changed them.

[Assistant] What else?

[User] We used to eat grilled meat, boiled meat, sour milk and fresh milk but now development made us to change some are farming now, others eating chicken, sardine. The interaction made us to change, for the case of milk we take them as sauce with stiff porridge

[Assistant] Another thing? There is a lot of food now days. Mbaba can you help us to ask to our grandmother here that what kind of food they were told is not good in the religion?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We used to eat grilled meat, boiled meat, sour milk and fresh milk but now development made us to change some are farming now, others eating chicken, sardine. The interaction made us to change, for the case of milk we take them as sauce with stiff porridge

[Assistant] Another thing? There is a lot of food now days. Mbaba can you help us to ask to our grandmother here that what kind of food they were told is not good in the religion?

[User] The told us not to eat blood because it is not good to eat something which is still live

[Assistant] mhh

[User] Also, if we want to slaughter we find the Muslims who help us in that process. We are not allowed to eat the dead animals, we are now Anglican.

[Assistant] Grandmother told us you are now farming, you have chicken. This also contributes what else?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] The told us not to eat blood because it is not good to eat something which is still live

[Assistant] mhh

[User] Also, if we want to slaughter we find the Muslims who help us in that process. We are not allowed to eat the dead animals, we are now Anglican.

[Assistant] Grandmother told us you are now farming, you have chicken. This also contributes what else?

[User] W eat Loshoro with stiff porridge

[Assistant] Why are you eating stiff porridge with LOSHORO?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Also, if we want to slaughter we find the Muslims who help us in that process. We are not allowed to eat the dead animals, we are now Anglican.

[Assistant] Grandmother told us you are now farming, you have chicken. This also contributes what else?

[User] W eat Loshoro with stiff porridge

[Assistant] Why are you eating stiff porridge with LOSHORO?

[User] We can’t stop that

[Assistant] You eat stiff porridge, sardine, and fish


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] W eat Loshoro with stiff porridge

[Assistant] Why are you eating stiff porridge with LOSHORO?

[User] We can’t stop that

[Assistant] You eat stiff porridge, sardine, and fish

[User] Some eat

[Assistant] Did the children who are now going to school contributed to this change?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We can’t stop that

[Assistant] You eat stiff porridge, sardine, and fish

[User] Some eat

[Assistant] Did the children who are now going to school contributed to this change?

[User] They cook nice food, when you ask them how you cook that food, the would tell you that is the change

[Assistant] What about availability of firewood and charcoal, did this contribute in anyway?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] They cook nice food, when you ask them how you cook that food, the would tell you that is the change

[Assistant] What about availability of firewood and charcoal, did this contribute in anyway?

[User] Most of the changes come due to interaction with other people, when people go to other places

[Assistant] mhhh

[User] Speaking In Maasai language......

[Assistant] What you were talking in Masai


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Most of the changes come due to interaction with other people, when people go to other places

[Assistant] mhhh

[User] Speaking In Maasai language......

[Assistant] What you were talking in Masai

[User] I learn to make stiff porridge from Zigua I know now that if you will increase the floor from the porridge it will turn to stiff porridge

[Assistant] You told me so many things about religion, development. But I would like to know if the price of food contributed to that change?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Speaking In Maasai language......

[Assistant] What you were talking in Masai

[User] I learn to make stiff porridge from Zigua I know now that if you will increase the floor from the porridge it will turn to stiff porridge

[Assistant] You told me so many things about religion, development. But I would like to know if the price of food contributed to that change?

[User] Yes

[Assistant] Why are you not slaughtering cow frequently as in the past?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] I learn to make stiff porridge from Zigua I know now that if you will increase the floor from the porridge it will turn to stiff porridge

[Assistant] You told me so many things about religion, development. But I would like to know if the price of food contributed to that change?

[User] Yes

[Assistant] Why are you not slaughtering cow frequently as in the past?

[User] The aridity, cattle are not as many as in the past

[Assistant] What else, do we do the work that we used to do before?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes

[Assistant] Why are you not slaughtering cow frequently as in the past?

[User] The aridity, cattle are not as many as in the past

[Assistant] What else, do we do the work that we used to do before?

[User] We cultivate farms, but it deferent in the past we used the plough but currently we are using tractors, this helped to complete farming early

[Assistant] how this contribute to food


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] The aridity, cattle are not as many as in the past

[Assistant] What else, do we do the work that we used to do before?

[User] We cultivate farms, but it deferent in the past we used the plough but currently we are using tractors, this helped to complete farming early

[Assistant] how this contribute to food

[User] This made food to be available more than in the past

[Assistant] What is other work you were not doing but you are now doing?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] This made food to be available more than in the past

[Assistant] What is other work you were not doing but you are now doing?

[User] We were not going to the market before our work were only on keeping the cattle, milking and boil the milk. But now we go to the market find what to cook, the development is coming gradually, we don’t use the hand for grinding the maize, we use machine

[Assistant] mhh

[User] In the past the men were the one going to sell the cow and then buy product needed at home but now we go to the market to pay food, the husband gives the money

[Assistant] Are the foods bought by the husband the same to what you are buying now?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We were not going to the market before our work were only on keeping the cattle, milking and boil the milk. But now we go to the market find what to cook, the development is coming gradually, we don’t use the hand for grinding the maize, we use machine

[Assistant] mhh

[User] In the past the men were the one going to sell the cow and then buy product needed at home but now we go to the market to pay food, the husband gives the money

[Assistant] Are the foods bought by the husband the same to what you are buying now?

[User] Not the same, we buy good food, vegetable. They used to buy only one like potatoes, but they forget others like salt, onion

[Assistant] So women are now going to the market did this contributed to change in any way?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] In the past the men were the one going to sell the cow and then buy product needed at home but now we go to the market to pay food, the husband gives the money

[Assistant] Are the foods bought by the husband the same to what you are buying now?

[User] Not the same, we buy good food, vegetable. They used to buy only one like potatoes, but they forget others like salt, onion

[Assistant] So women are now going to the market did this contributed to change in any way?

[User] She is saying that the food that is bought by women is much better compared to men

[Assistant] You have mentioned about 8 reasons, and now want to know which contributed much and which one is the least?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Not the same, we buy good food, vegetable. They used to buy only one like potatoes, but they forget others like salt, onion

[Assistant] So women are now going to the market did this contributed to change in any way?

[User] She is saying that the food that is bought by women is much better compared to men

[Assistant] You have mentioned about 8 reasons, and now want to know which contributed much and which one is the least?

[User] Talking in Maasai

[Assistant] We have religion, interaction, development that you have chicken and farming, we have school issue, aridity and summer periods, and also the change of roles that women are now going to the market. What contributed most?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] She is saying that the food that is bought by women is much better compared to men

[Assistant] You have mentioned about 8 reasons, and now want to know which contributed much and which one is the least?

[User] Talking in Maasai

[Assistant] We have religion, interaction, development that you have chicken and farming, we have school issue, aridity and summer periods, and also the change of roles that women are now going to the market. What contributed most?

[User] Talking in Maasai

[Assistant] What is the first one


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Talking in Maasai

[Assistant] What is the first one

[User] The religion is the first

[Assistant] mhh

[User] The scarcity of rainfall, we sell like chicken and go to buy meat and other food in the shops, in the past we were eating milk and meat only there were no aridity the cows were fat and healthier

[Assistant] What is the first between rain scarcity and religion?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] The religion is the first

[Assistant] mhh

[User] The scarcity of rainfall, we sell like chicken and go to buy meat and other food in the shops, in the past we were eating milk and meat only there were no aridity the cows were fat and healthier

[Assistant] What is the first between rain scarcity and religion?

[User] The first one is rain scarcity; the religion is number two

[Assistant] What else? Number three?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] The first one is rain scarcity; the religion is number two

[Assistant] What else? Number three?

[User] The third one is religion because their children went to school and they have changed their knowledge they know how to read, they know how to roast sardine and the smell is good

[Assistant] Number four?

[User] mhhh

[Assistant] What is least contributed to this change?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] The third one is religion because their children went to school and they have changed their knowledge they know how to read, they know how to roast sardine and the smell is good

[Assistant] Number four?

[User] mhhh

[Assistant] What is least contributed to this change?

[User] That women are now allowed to go to the market and we buy what we want the food and clothes

[Assistant] What about food availability, farming and interaction?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] mhhh

[Assistant] What is least contributed to this change?

[User] That women are now allowed to go to the market and we buy what we want the food and clothes

[Assistant] What about food availability, farming and interaction?

[User] Farming because you plant maize, beans and in the evening, you go to check your cattle

[Assistant] Did the yield sold or for food


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] That women are now allowed to go to the market and we buy what we want the food and clothes

[Assistant] What about food availability, farming and interaction?

[User] Farming because you plant maize, beans and in the evening, you go to check your cattle

[Assistant] Did the yield sold or for food

[User] Some sold some retained for food

[Assistant] What is the next between interaction and availability?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Farming because you plant maize, beans and in the evening, you go to check your cattle

[Assistant] Did the yield sold or for food

[User] Some sold some retained for food

[Assistant] What is the next between interaction and availability?

[User] Is the interaction with others with sisters

[Assistant] Translator-translating in Maasai language


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Some sold some retained for food

[Assistant] What is the next between interaction and availability?

[User] Is the interaction with others with sisters

[Assistant] Translator-translating in Maasai language

[Assistant] Okay now we have completed about food change lets now talk about milk, why is it important to you?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[Assistant] Okay now we have completed about food change lets now talk about milk, why is it important to you?

[User] It is because we found this since we were born, also it is important because it makes the body to be strong and healthy, if children take the milk becomes healthier and fat those who are not taking milk becomes thin

[Assistant] What else?

[User] We get animal fat in the milk, they help us heal diseases like diarrheal, it is the food that build the body health and it contribute to have blood

[Assistant] When you compare the past and in the current time what can you say about importance of the milk?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] It is because we found this since we were born, also it is important because it makes the body to be strong and healthy, if children take the milk becomes healthier and fat those who are not taking milk becomes thin

[Assistant] What else?

[User] We get animal fat in the milk, they help us heal diseases like diarrheal, it is the food that build the body health and it contribute to have blood

[Assistant] When you compare the past and in the current time what can you say about importance of the milk?

[User] When we don’t have milk we suffer a lot, we don’t depends only on vegetables and meat

[Assistant] Is still the importance the same compared to the past?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We get animal fat in the milk, they help us heal diseases like diarrheal, it is the food that build the body health and it contribute to have blood

[Assistant] When you compare the past and in the current time what can you say about importance of the milk?

[User] When we don’t have milk we suffer a lot, we don’t depends only on vegetables and meat

[Assistant] Is still the importance the same compared to the past?

[User] Yes, is the same

[Assistant] Why are now milk are not available?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] When we don’t have milk we suffer a lot, we don’t depends only on vegetables and meat

[Assistant] Is still the importance the same compared to the past?

[User] Yes, is the same

[Assistant] Why are now milk are not available?

[User] The cows are dying because of diseases and they don’t have food because of aridity

[Assistant] Apart from aridity what else contributed to that?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes, is the same

[Assistant] Why are now milk are not available?

[User] The cows are dying because of diseases and they don’t have food because of aridity

[Assistant] Apart from aridity what else contributed to that?

[User] Water scarcity because there are no well and dame

[Assistant] What are these diseases


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] The cows are dying because of diseases and they don’t have food because of aridity

[Assistant] Apart from aridity what else contributed to that?

[User] Water scarcity because there are no well and dame

[Assistant] What are these diseases

[User] They call it East Coast fever it is not easily cured compared to the past time. Also there are diseases affecting the ribs, bile, and others caused by tsetse fly. These makes the cow sick and its urine become very yellow and sometimes you can see the blood

[Assistant] Translator-asking in Maasai language


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Water scarcity because there are no well and dame

[Assistant] What are these diseases

[User] They call it East Coast fever it is not easily cured compared to the past time. Also there are diseases affecting the ribs, bile, and others caused by tsetse fly. These makes the cow sick and its urine become very yellow and sometimes you can see the blood

[Assistant] Translator-asking in Maasai language

[User] She is saying that they are selling the cow so those children who are going to school can get their needs like buying uniforms

[Assistant] Do these boys/girls still engage in keeping animal after school, did this contribute to milk availability?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] They call it East Coast fever it is not easily cured compared to the past time. Also there are diseases affecting the ribs, bile, and others caused by tsetse fly. These makes the cow sick and its urine become very yellow and sometimes you can see the blood

[Assistant] Translator-asking in Maasai language

[User] She is saying that they are selling the cow so those children who are going to school can get their needs like buying uniforms

[Assistant] Do these boys/girls still engage in keeping animal after school, did this contribute to milk availability?

[User] Most of the student after completing secondary school they don’t want to engage in keeping animal, so these contributed to reduce work power

[Assistant] Why they don’t want that?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] She is saying that they are selling the cow so those children who are going to school can get their needs like buying uniforms

[Assistant] Do these boys/girls still engage in keeping animal after school, did this contribute to milk availability?

[User] Most of the student after completing secondary school they don’t want to engage in keeping animal, so these contributed to reduce work power

[Assistant] Why they don’t want that?

[User] They are educated, and some want to go to town find some work and have the money

[Assistant] What about the conflict did it contributed to milk scarcity?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] They are educated, and some want to go to town find some work and have the money

[Assistant] What about the conflict did it contributed to milk scarcity?

[User] It is because of the land shortage they don’t have milk as the grass is scarce

[Assistant] another one?

[User] The cow now days graze in the filed which is already harvested that is why they don’t have more milk

[Assistant] what about the test is still the test is the same or?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] It is because of the land shortage they don’t have milk as the grass is scarce

[Assistant] another one?

[User] The cow now days graze in the filed which is already harvested that is why they don’t have more milk

[Assistant] what about the test is still the test is the same or?

[User] In the past the milk was heavy, with animal fat but now days the milk are not heavy like before, they are still using milk

[Assistant] What contributed to milk scarcity? There are so many reasons you mentioned including aridity, diseases, hungry, school issues to your children, selling cows, the conflicts, and shortage of land, also buying stalk for cow. What are the most contributors?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Land shortage first, the second is disease, the third one is aridity

[Assistant] What else?

[User] Water scarcity,

[Assistant] Miss P.

[User] fifth is the school to children and six is the conflict

[Assistant] I that correct?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Water scarcity,

[Assistant] Miss P.

[User] fifth is the school to children and six is the conflict

[Assistant] I that correct?

[User] Yes

[Assistant] Now we heard that, the masaai were eating blood, do you still eat blood?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] fifth is the school to children and six is the conflict

[Assistant] I that correct?

[User] Yes

[Assistant] Now we heard that, the masaai were eating blood, do you still eat blood?

[User] Some still eat some stopped. Those who are eating are mixing them with tea, or sometimes boiled

[Assistant] What is its advantage?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes

[Assistant] Now we heard that, the masaai were eating blood, do you still eat blood?

[User] Some still eat some stopped. Those who are eating are mixing them with tea, or sometimes boiled

[Assistant] What is its advantage?

[User] It helps to increase the water in the body to those women who gave birth

[Assistant] Is still consumed frequently?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Some still eat some stopped. Those who are eating are mixing them with tea, or sometimes boiled

[Assistant] What is its advantage?

[User] It helps to increase the water in the body to those women who gave birth

[Assistant] Is still consumed frequently?

[User] Not like before. If someone do not have enough blood can use the grapes, it is not used frequently. Also, because of diseases

[Assistant] In ceremonies what are now days you are eating


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] It helps to increase the water in the body to those women who gave birth

[Assistant] Is still consumed frequently?

[User] Not like before. If someone do not have enough blood can use the grapes, it is not used frequently. Also, because of diseases

[Assistant] In ceremonies what are now days you are eating

[User] We eat rice, banana and meat, and LOSHORO

[Assistant] What you used to eat if a person dies in the past time?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Not like before. If someone do not have enough blood can use the grapes, it is not used frequently. Also, because of diseases

[Assistant] In ceremonies what are now days you are eating

[User] We eat rice, banana and meat, and LOSHORO

[Assistant] What you used to eat if a person dies in the past time?

[User]
We only used to eat meat

Nowdays we eat soda, clean water, meat, rice

[Assistant] Why is this change now?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We eat rice, banana and meat, and LOSHORO

[Assistant] What you used to eat if a person dies in the past time?

[User]
We only used to eat meat

Nowdays we eat soda, clean water, meat, rice

[Assistant] Why is this change now?

[User]
It is because there are so many people the milk and meat would not be enough

The boiled meat is not good like the grilled one when you mix with rice it sustains all people

Now days we used to slaughter cow in the ceremonies because milk is not enough, now people have changed they don’t depend much on milk

[Assistant]
What about others

Okay. I head among Zigua the head and the neck when the cow is slaughtered it goes to uncles in burial ceremony. What about the Masai


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
It is because there are so many people the milk and meat would not be enough

The boiled meat is not good like the grilled one when you mix with rice it sustains all people

Now days we used to slaughter cow in the ceremonies because milk is not enough, now people have changed they don’t depend much on milk

[Assistant]
What about others

Okay. I head among Zigua the head and the neck when the cow is slaughtered it goes to uncles in burial ceremony. What about the Masai

[User] It depends with age group, for instance the elders are given the soft meat like leaver

[Assistant] mhh

[User] The one who slaughtered the cow is given the head, it is not allowed to others

[Assistant] What about women


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] It depends with age group, for instance the elders are given the soft meat like leaver

[Assistant] mhh

[User] The one who slaughtered the cow is given the head, it is not allowed to others

[Assistant] What about women

[User] We are given the intestines and the tail, others are not allowed to use that like youth. If they will violet that their parents would be dying, and other catastrophes will be happening to those youth violated. This applies even to women not to eat men’s meat

[Assistant] The last section: I would like to know how people of your age can learn on nutrition, where are they learning?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We are given the intestines and the tail, others are not allowed to use that like youth. If they will violet that their parents would be dying, and other catastrophes will be happening to those youth violated. This applies even to women not to eat men’s meat

[Assistant] The last section: I would like to know how people of your age can learn on nutrition, where are they learning?

[User] Is through the children who are going to school and also themselves

[Assistant] mhh

[User] We learn that, if you don’t have cow meat you can cook the chicken to replace

[Assistant] I this education/information important to your community?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Is through the children who are going to school and also themselves

[Assistant] mhh

[User] We learn that, if you don’t have cow meat you can cook the chicken to replace

[Assistant] I this education/information important to your community?

[User] Translator-They also get this education from church

[Assistant] What can we do this education to be important to you?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] We learn that, if you don’t have cow meat you can cook the chicken to replace

[Assistant] I this education/information important to your community?

[User] Translator-They also get this education from church

[Assistant] What can we do this education to be important to you?

[User] Is good for women because women knows that they are the one who cook

[Assistant] Who would teach that education?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Translator-They also get this education from church

[Assistant] What can we do this education to be important to you?

[User] Is good for women because women knows that they are the one who cook

[Assistant] Who would teach that education?

[User] It is good, the seminars should be provided, also in school this education should be provided, this education is very important it help a lot

[Assistant] Do you have any other question?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes, the focus should be on no net loss. This is the mistake I think we have made in the UK so far. I think there has been this immediate leap towards biodiversity offsetting which is a controversial mechanism and isn't a proven mechanism yet even though it has had some success in some parts of the world. The focus should be on no net loss and I think people are starting to realise that now. I'm sure you know BBOP: Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme. So, they have been out for a long time and have done a lot of the work and called the Biodiversity Offsets Programme and my impression is that sort of regret that a little bit now because I think they would rather focus on no net loss as a policy principal rather than on biodiversity offsetting. I think we will see that eventually in the UK. I think some of the people who are leading on this in the UK are starting, in their talks and in their articles they are writing and thinking basically in general are starting to say we should push towards no net loss as a focus or a net gain.

[Assistant] Do you think no net loss as a policy goal is different to no loss that was previously enshrined in EU policy and maybe not UK, but EU. Do you think there is a different between saying we are aiming for no loss or we are aiming for no net loss?

[User] I am not hugely familiar with the no loss policy. When you say the no loss policy...

[Assistant] I think it was established around the Natura 2000 network

[User] A no loss policy?

[Assistant] Yes, so I think it was within the European Action Programme, reading the reports there is a slow shift from no loss as a policy goal to no net loss. I was just wondering if you think that is a more rigid and stronger policy stance or do you think it is changing the goalposts somewhat.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] I am not hugely familiar with the no loss policy. When you say the no loss policy...

[Assistant] I think it was established around the Natura 2000 network

[User] A no loss policy?

[Assistant] Yes, so I think it was within the European Action Programme, reading the reports there is a slow shift from no loss as a policy goal to no net loss. I was just wondering if you think that is a more rigid and stronger policy stance or do you think it is changing the goalposts somewhat.

[User] To be honest I can't say I know a huge amount of detail about the no net loss and no loss principles. My feeling is, that in terms of practice at the EU, whatever this no loss policy, if it has been at the heart of the EU and things under the Habitats Directive and so forth, it hasn't been quantified, that is the difference in going towards no net loss policy is this idea of balancing losses and gains quantitatively which I do think is a big difference. I think it is the big shift in all of this. I think that's what makes it, rather than being an old idea in new clothes that's what makes it interesting is that we are actually saying, not just that we will compensate for losses or prevent losses but we are actually going to quantify what those losses are and require an equivalent gain. To me, that quantitative comparison between losses and gains is the interesting thing here and the thing that should be lauded rather than scare environmentalists.

[Assistant] And in the process has the concept and development of offsetting encouraged the creation of a biodiversity indicator for the UK at the academic/research level?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] A no loss policy?

[Assistant] Yes, so I think it was within the European Action Programme, reading the reports there is a slow shift from no loss as a policy goal to no net loss. I was just wondering if you think that is a more rigid and stronger policy stance or do you think it is changing the goalposts somewhat.

[User] To be honest I can't say I know a huge amount of detail about the no net loss and no loss principles. My feeling is, that in terms of practice at the EU, whatever this no loss policy, if it has been at the heart of the EU and things under the Habitats Directive and so forth, it hasn't been quantified, that is the difference in going towards no net loss policy is this idea of balancing losses and gains quantitatively which I do think is a big difference. I think it is the big shift in all of this. I think that's what makes it, rather than being an old idea in new clothes that's what makes it interesting is that we are actually saying, not just that we will compensate for losses or prevent losses but we are actually going to quantify what those losses are and require an equivalent gain. To me, that quantitative comparison between losses and gains is the interesting thing here and the thing that should be lauded rather than scare environmentalists.

[Assistant] And in the process has the concept and development of offsetting encouraged the creation of a biodiversity indicator for the UK at the academic/research level?

[User] Biodiversity indicators for the UK?

[Assistant] Yes, do you think it will encourage - the idea of measurement of no net loss - will it encourage the creation of an indicator which can then be streamlined into economic development and streamlined into all planning and development?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Biodiversity indicators for the UK?

[Assistant] Yes, do you think it will encourage - the idea of measurement of no net loss - will it encourage the creation of an indicator which can then be streamlined into economic development and streamlined into all planning and development?

[User] Yes, this whole thing about developing indicators for biodiversity losses and gains and strategies and programmes is an ongoing thing which has a lot of interest from the academic world. There have been efforts, as a result of the Aichi targets and the CBD, like the Biodiversity Indicators Partnership and that kind of thing to develop national level indicators and indeed we have some national level indicators for biodiversity. Yes, I think all the ideas and the research that is being done around biodiversity offsetting and no net loss will lead to the development of useful metrics, especially for the private sector. There is a paper that has come out recently in Oryx which says these are the companies which have no net less policy commitments, there are about 30 or 35 of them, big companies and that is growing. There are more and more companies saying we will endeavor to achieve a no net loss of net positive impact on biodiversity and I think the private sector needs to play a much bigger role in biodiversity compensation and I think it will be able to do so through these kind of ideas and no net loss principal. I think, the application of research into useful indicators for biodiversity will benefit and be useful to the private sector much more than in the public sector is my feeling, whether that is right or not I'm not sure.

[Assistant] So, on this there appears a lot more commitment to no net loss goals, do you think at the moment, currently in the UK, there is an enabling theoretical or policy framework for fulfilling those goals? Or do you think there is a mismatch between the development of those commitments and a framework for fulfilling those commitments?

[User] For private companies or the public sector?

[Assistant] For private companies


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] My hair look okay?

[Assistant] Your hair looks great. I only use the audio anyway, so I transcribe it. Your real name will not be used and any references to organizations aren’t named. I mean, you’re retiring, so...

[User] Yeah, it doesn't make a difference. It doesn't matter. OK, um.

[Assistant] You've any questions for me before I start asking you stuff?

[User] No, I am. Good.

[Assistant] Great. Thank you. OK, so, um. So first, how old are you?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yeah, it doesn't make a difference. It doesn't matter. OK, um.

[Assistant] You've any questions for me before I start asking you stuff?

[User] No, I am. Good.

[Assistant] Great. Thank you. OK, so, um. So first, how old are you?

[User] 55.

[Assistant] And where are you located?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] No, I am. Good.

[Assistant] Great. Thank you. OK, so, um. So first, how old are you?

[User] 55.

[Assistant] And where are you located?

[User] I am in [Philadelphia Area]

[Assistant] And what's your job?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] 55.

[Assistant] And where are you located?

[User] I am in [Philadelphia Area]

[Assistant] And what's your job?

[User] Jobs then or jobs now. Retired now.

[Assistant] What were your jobs in early 2020? January.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] I am in [Philadelphia Area]

[Assistant] And what's your job?

[User] Jobs then or jobs now. Retired now.

[Assistant] What were your jobs in early 2020? January.

[User] [Administrative assistant, EMT instructor, EMT-Basic, Home Care for nephew with brain injury]

[Assistant] OK. Did you, uh, did you volunteer with anyone?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Jobs then or jobs now. Retired now.

[Assistant] What were your jobs in early 2020? January.

[User] [Administrative assistant, EMT instructor, EMT-Basic, Home Care for nephew with brain injury]

[Assistant] OK. Did you, uh, did you volunteer with anyone?

[User] Volunteered with the squad. [city] Emergency Squad.

[Assistant] OK, and you're an EMT there?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] [Administrative assistant, EMT instructor, EMT-Basic, Home Care for nephew with brain injury]

[Assistant] OK. Did you, uh, did you volunteer with anyone?

[User] Volunteered with the squad. [city] Emergency Squad.

[Assistant] OK, and you're an EMT there?

[User] Yes, I am. EMT b.

[Assistant] OK. So can you tell me about when you first heard about COVID?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Volunteered with the squad. [city] Emergency Squad.

[Assistant] OK, and you're an EMT there?

[User] Yes, I am. EMT b.

[Assistant] OK. So can you tell me about when you first heard about COVID?

[User]
So COVID hit the […] County area around the first to second week, first or second week of March. It was minimal beginning first week of March. By the second week, we start to have considerable, several considerable sizable numbers with respiratory distress and flu like symptoms where our call volume went up from maybe 35 in a week to 235 in less than three days where people were just calling in.

I think I have the flu. I'm really, really sick. I'm having respiratory distress. Respiratory distress started to outweigh by the third week in March by March 16th [County] was in full mode for COVID. We closed down our office and worked out of our main office in Doylestown to start to handle the calls that started to come in about COVID, where we were contract tracing.

[Assistant] But you'd heard about it before it hit?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes, I am. EMT b.

[Assistant] OK. So can you tell me about when you first heard about COVID?

[User]
So COVID hit the […] County area around the first to second week, first or second week of March. It was minimal beginning first week of March. By the second week, we start to have considerable, several considerable sizable numbers with respiratory distress and flu like symptoms where our call volume went up from maybe 35 in a week to 235 in less than three days where people were just calling in.

I think I have the flu. I'm really, really sick. I'm having respiratory distress. Respiratory distress started to outweigh by the third week in March by March 16th [County] was in full mode for COVID. We closed down our office and worked out of our main office in Doylestown to start to handle the calls that started to come in about COVID, where we were contract tracing.

[Assistant] But you'd heard about it before it hit?

[User]
Yes, we did. We had heard about it mid-February, end of February. We- myself hearing through the E.R.s, through the doctor's offices, through my medical director at [organization], that, y’know, something they weren't sure what it was. It was some out, as they called it, an out-of-state flu, which was coming in to be even an out of country, so to speak.

Flu, not that it was a flu, but that's what the signs and symptoms of people were mimicking. And everybody just blew it off as flu and they started to get more severe with respiratory distress and there's respiratory distress. Those calls went into cardiac arrest and then the patient was actually, some were DOA before we even got them to the hospital.

They didn't make it.

[Assistant] Wow. So can you tell me about your initial thoughts about the new virus?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Exactly. And you were like, who, like, ran every day and exercise and eat, right? I do. Trust me, I don't have the best diet, but like, I'm not overweight. I'm not obese, but I just like perfectly healthy. People my age were dropping like flies, and I'm like, how am I still here? Like, you know what I mean? And I try not to think that way because, you know, EMT, that's my job.

It's like, I need to take care of the public. That's my job. That's my job. You know what I mean?

[Assistant] My parents are little bit older than you, but they're in great shape and they got hit really hard by it.

[User] Oh, God, you lose... Yeah.

[Assistant] I know. My dad didn't think you would get it because, you know, he's a medical worker. Thank you.

[User] Did he get it?

[Assistant]
Oh, yeah. He got it. Like, immediately. [...]

I was in I was in China. Actually, I was around when it started. I got out of China by like three days and we took a family vacation down in we were in Singapore. Malaysia.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Oh, God, you lose... Yeah.

[Assistant] I know. My dad didn't think you would get it because, you know, he's a medical worker. Thank you.

[User] Did he get it?

[Assistant]
Oh, yeah. He got it. Like, immediately. [...]

I was in I was in China. Actually, I was around when it started. I got out of China by like three days and we took a family vacation down in we were in Singapore. Malaysia.

[User] Oh cool.

[Assistant] Yeah. I remember. Like, I mean, like, I had like the pack of masks surgical stuff. Like, a pack of masks. I was like, you guys are going to want this to wear for the plane.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Did he get it?

[Assistant]
Oh, yeah. He got it. Like, immediately. [...]

I was in I was in China. Actually, I was around when it started. I got out of China by like three days and we took a family vacation down in we were in Singapore. Malaysia.

[User] Oh cool.

[Assistant] Yeah. I remember. Like, I mean, like, I had like the pack of masks surgical stuff. Like, a pack of masks. I was like, you guys are going to want this to wear for the plane.

[User] Right?

[Assistant] Yeah. And obviously they didn't. And you know, I remember like I was with that, I came back from Asia, so I care for them in the house and then they were good, and I went back to the place in Manhattan. In Manhattan, and I see the masks I gave them unopened on the table.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Oh cool.

[Assistant] Yeah. I remember. Like, I mean, like, I had like the pack of masks surgical stuff. Like, a pack of masks. I was like, you guys are going to want this to wear for the plane.

[User] Right?

[Assistant] Yeah. And obviously they didn't. And you know, I remember like I was with that, I came back from Asia, so I care for them in the house and then they were good, and I went back to the place in Manhattan. In Manhattan, and I see the masks I gave them unopened on the table.

[User]
Unbelievable.

Yeah. Yeah. Smack your parents in the head. […]

[Assistant] About the time, like the flu, like the months preceding. So the news coming out of China, the news coming out of Italy.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Oh, God, yeah. All I can tell you out of the the 75 people that we employ, whether they're EMT or paramedic, more than half of them thought it was just the flu. They don't get flu shots. They don't like do anything like. And a lot of those guys work like three and four squads because they got to get the insurance for the family.

So a lot of them don't get insurance for themselves. So so a lot of them became sick. We actually just lost one of our paramedics because his was an ongoing COVID. He actually he was 31 and he died and they just buried him like three weeks ago. He actually died from COVID.

[Assistant] Who?

[User] Was it his do you remember I don't know if you remember [name]?

[Assistant] I don't think I met him.

[User] Yeah. I don't think he was in your class. He was he was a [school] student. But he went on to do the paramedic program and he was a paramedic. And the reason he died from is from Covid. he was really sick with it bad and kept hanging on. Kept hanging on. He's got a clean bill of health, and he got real sick again, and he just passed away and he was only 31 so yeah.

[Assistant] But but OK, all these EMTs, they thought it was just the flu.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Was it his do you remember I don't know if you remember [name]?

[Assistant] I don't think I met him.

[User] Yeah. I don't think he was in your class. He was he was a [school] student. But he went on to do the paramedic program and he was a paramedic. And the reason he died from is from Covid. he was really sick with it bad and kept hanging on. Kept hanging on. He's got a clean bill of health, and he got real sick again, and he just passed away and he was only 31 so yeah.

[Assistant] But but OK, all these EMTs, they thought it was just the flu.

[User] Yeah. And a lot of them don't get flu shots, you know.

[Assistant] Do that. I mean, did that do those conversations change how you perceive the crisis?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] OK, there you go. Oh.

[Assistant] No, I got it. I got it. I got a free checkup when I first got to China. They give me the what? The chest Xray and everything. I'm good. I'm good for another five years.

[User] I how good did they check you for TB, too?

[Assistant] Yeah, exactly. TB and AIDS.

[User] Nice. Nice. [description of Chinese medical checkup]

[Assistant] I guess we could. I guess we could wrap this up. So it's been two years, but we have a million dead is this what you expected?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] I how good did they check you for TB, too?

[Assistant] Yeah, exactly. TB and AIDS.

[User] Nice. Nice. [description of Chinese medical checkup]

[Assistant] I guess we could. I guess we could wrap this up. So it's been two years, but we have a million dead is this what you expected?

[User]
Honestly, no. I expected the numbers to be a lot higher because you know what? That covid is still hanging on. And now with that new variant coming through? We've actually we actually just stopped testing. We were testing just to school kids. So the high school, middle school, elementary the teachers, the aides, the staff, we still have a lot of them with the symptoms of COVID.

A lot of them are vaccinated and have two doses under their belts and they're still getting sick with the same symptoms. So some people are times like, oh, it's just a flu. Like it's not the flu, it's this other variant that came through. Now I get to say knock on wood I've not gotten to, but I've had two shots plus a booster.

OK, so but like we just stopped testing the end of April and I got to tell you that first May 2nd the phone rang off the wall at the health department. People were panicking. Oh my God, my kids have symptoms. Where do I go to test them? We can't test them anymore. So now we're sending them to like CVS, Walgreens, Rite Aid, all the pharmacies that are doing all the testing now, and we don't do it.

Vaccines we're vaccinate two days a week free, no charge, and they're going to cut them off, I think the end of May, first week of June. They're not going to give shots anymore. They're going to push it back on the doctors and the pharmacies here to do that.

[Assistant] So just to go back to one thing that you said earlier, you said we hold all these EMTs who thought it was just the flu, can you tell me about how they changed their minds?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Oh, God, I hope it's helpful. I mean, I'm not like not giving you information you can't use, right?

[Assistant] I mean, but I can use I I mean, essentially, you know, your descriptions of the ambulance squads are really good. You go more into details of patient care than some others. Oh, that's good. You're in. You'll probably have to get a quote in the final product.

[User] Yay! OK, as long as it gets you an A.

[Assistant] Well, they don't use As here. It's zero to ten. 5.5 is a minimum pass, but they never give 10s.

[User]
That's bullshit. You better get a ten or I'm coming and never lands of being your teachers ass with my bat. I will get that on a plane. [...]

You just there for school? Oh, OK. Um, any other questions? Anything else? I can give you? I want to help and I want to get you that 10.

[Assistant] Maybe about that panic? Underestimation? Watching the numbers go up?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] This better get a ten or I'm going to be really pissed. No, just kidding.

[Assistant] I'm a little bit behind on certain things, but I've pretty good I think I've a pretty good shot at making something good here.

[User] Good.

[Assistant] In the of the original idea actually was to use diary entries, not interviews but, like even that was too hard to find a and also like screenshots and text messages.

[User] Right.

[Assistant] From the time to that also was too too difficult so that's it.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Good.

[Assistant] In the of the original idea actually was to use diary entries, not interviews but, like even that was too hard to find a and also like screenshots and text messages.

[User] Right.

[Assistant] From the time to that also was too too difficult so that's it.

[User] Right now to really get it.

[Assistant] Ok so I think you've given me a lot of really useful stuff. So thank you very much for Siobhan.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Right.

[Assistant] From the time to that also was too too difficult so that's it.

[User] Right now to really get it.

[Assistant] Ok so I think you've given me a lot of really useful stuff. So thank you very much for Siobhan.

[User] From let me know what you get for a grade when you have to turn it in.

[Assistant] I have a peer review draft due in a month and then I got the final the final presentation and graduate and everything due in another month.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Right now to really get it.

[Assistant] Ok so I think you've given me a lot of really useful stuff. So thank you very much for Siobhan.

[User] From let me know what you get for a grade when you have to turn it in.

[Assistant] I have a peer review draft due in a month and then I got the final the final presentation and graduate and everything due in another month.

[User] Nice. OK, well let me know.

[Assistant] I'll send you, I'll send you a copy.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] From let me know what you get for a grade when you have to turn it in.

[Assistant] I have a peer review draft due in a month and then I got the final the final presentation and graduate and everything due in another month.

[User] Nice. OK, well let me know.

[Assistant] I'll send you, I'll send you a copy.

[User] OK, that's good. And then you got to sign it so I can never quite like sociology. I wrote this, my student wrote this you know.

[Assistant] Another [school] success story.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Nice. OK, well let me know.

[Assistant] I'll send you, I'll send you a copy.

[User] OK, that's good. And then you got to sign it so I can never quite like sociology. I wrote this, my student wrote this you know.

[Assistant] Another [school] success story.

[User] There he goes. Yeah, I got another test. That success story. There it is. There it is. OK, all right.

[Assistant] So thank you very much. Happy birthday and enjoy your requirement and enjoy your retirement. And thank you. Congratulations on being a grandmother.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
For the case of nutrition in our society if there are four men in the household, we all sit together and share the same dish, after that we go to graze our livestock.

For the case of climate and weather changes, now we are experiencing summer season, from last year summer season has become very severe and most lowlands have become dry unlike it was in the few past years.

We are also currently experiencing shortage of pasture for our livestock’s. This was a different case in the past years.

Climate and weather changes have been caused by tremendous increase in human population and livestock’s, this situation has brought about aridity in most of the wildness. This was a different case for the past seven or six years.

For the past few years, we experienced severe aridity but this year we have got a lot of rains and produced a lot of food and food prices have dropped tremendously.

[Assistant] Ok, try to recall what happened in five or ten years passed, do you remember any climate changes which have affected availability of water, pasture, etc?

[User] Climate changes have led to severe shortage of pasture, this can be traced right from 1998, and it is not a situation which has just happened within past five years.

[Assistant] Why there is shortage of pasture and water?

[User]
Tremendous increase in human population and livestock has created shortage of pasture and water, for instance groups of livestock come from Lubungo, Manga and Mkangazi around Kilosa road, so all the forest experiences a lot of livestock’s.

We started settling in Mela in the year 2000, but then most households did not keep livestock’s, so we had a lot of pasture throughout all seasons, as time passed many pastoralists from Kilosa started shifting to Mela, they came with a lot of livestock’s, as a result most water sources started getting dry and pasture became scarce due to these crowds of livestock. Another problem was cutting of trees which created bare land and thus le to shortage of rainfall.

[Assistant] How have these climate changes affected the livestock keepers including household responsibilities and availability of milk?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Climate changes have led to severe shortage of pasture, this can be traced right from 1998, and it is not a situation which has just happened within past five years.

[Assistant] Why there is shortage of pasture and water?

[User]
Tremendous increase in human population and livestock has created shortage of pasture and water, for instance groups of livestock come from Lubungo, Manga and Mkangazi around Kilosa road, so all the forest experiences a lot of livestock’s.

We started settling in Mela in the year 2000, but then most households did not keep livestock’s, so we had a lot of pasture throughout all seasons, as time passed many pastoralists from Kilosa started shifting to Mela, they came with a lot of livestock’s, as a result most water sources started getting dry and pasture became scarce due to these crowds of livestock. Another problem was cutting of trees which created bare land and thus le to shortage of rainfall.

[Assistant] How have these climate changes affected the livestock keepers including household responsibilities and availability of milk?

[User]
The climate changes have led to aridity and shortage of pasture and water for our livestock, thus leading to little production of milk which in turn affects the household stability by experiencing shortage of food.

Climate changes have forced some pastoralists to shift their cows to other areas where they can access enough pasture and water for their livestock, for that case if there is a great number of livestock within a small grazing area, automatically there will be aridity which will lead to low production of milk and food for the family.

Climate changes has led to low production of milk and food for our families because there is severe shortage of water and pasture, this is aridity.

Climate changes has created shortage of milk from our livestock, this situation has forced Masai people to change their diets, instead of depending on milk and meat, we have started consuming stiff porridge and other kind of vegetables.

[Assistant] Do many children drink goat milk?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Tremendous increase in human population and livestock has created shortage of pasture and water, for instance groups of livestock come from Lubungo, Manga and Mkangazi around Kilosa road, so all the forest experiences a lot of livestock’s.

We started settling in Mela in the year 2000, but then most households did not keep livestock’s, so we had a lot of pasture throughout all seasons, as time passed many pastoralists from Kilosa started shifting to Mela, they came with a lot of livestock’s, as a result most water sources started getting dry and pasture became scarce due to these crowds of livestock. Another problem was cutting of trees which created bare land and thus le to shortage of rainfall.

[Assistant] How have these climate changes affected the livestock keepers including household responsibilities and availability of milk?

[User]
The climate changes have led to aridity and shortage of pasture and water for our livestock, thus leading to little production of milk which in turn affects the household stability by experiencing shortage of food.

Climate changes have forced some pastoralists to shift their cows to other areas where they can access enough pasture and water for their livestock, for that case if there is a great number of livestock within a small grazing area, automatically there will be aridity which will lead to low production of milk and food for the family.

Climate changes has led to low production of milk and food for our families because there is severe shortage of water and pasture, this is aridity.

Climate changes has created shortage of milk from our livestock, this situation has forced Masai people to change their diets, instead of depending on milk and meat, we have started consuming stiff porridge and other kind of vegetables.

[Assistant] Do many children drink goat milk?

[User] No, goat milk is very little, therefore it cannot sustain a lot of children. Moreover there are few households with enough goats to produce milk.

[Assistant] Do you experience any changes in allocation of responsibilities within your families due to climate change?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
The climate changes have led to aridity and shortage of pasture and water for our livestock, thus leading to little production of milk which in turn affects the household stability by experiencing shortage of food.

Climate changes have forced some pastoralists to shift their cows to other areas where they can access enough pasture and water for their livestock, for that case if there is a great number of livestock within a small grazing area, automatically there will be aridity which will lead to low production of milk and food for the family.

Climate changes has led to low production of milk and food for our families because there is severe shortage of water and pasture, this is aridity.

Climate changes has created shortage of milk from our livestock, this situation has forced Masai people to change their diets, instead of depending on milk and meat, we have started consuming stiff porridge and other kind of vegetables.

[Assistant] Do many children drink goat milk?

[User] No, goat milk is very little, therefore it cannot sustain a lot of children. Moreover there are few households with enough goats to produce milk.

[Assistant] Do you experience any changes in allocation of responsibilities within your families due to climate change?

[User] Yes, we have experienced some changes in family responsibilities, for instance we Masai people did not know how to till the land and grow food crops, but nowadays we have changed and started engaging ourselves in crop production, we till the land and grow different crops.

[Assistant] Who is most engaged in farm activities?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] No, goat milk is very little, therefore it cannot sustain a lot of children. Moreover there are few households with enough goats to produce milk.

[Assistant] Do you experience any changes in allocation of responsibilities within your families due to climate change?

[User] Yes, we have experienced some changes in family responsibilities, for instance we Masai people did not know how to till the land and grow food crops, but nowadays we have changed and started engaging ourselves in crop production, we till the land and grow different crops.

[Assistant] Who is most engaged in farm activities?

[User] It is a father who is most engaged in farm activities, a mother just remains at home to deal with domestic activities.

[Assistant] Apart from crop production and livestock keeping, which other activities do you do due to climate change?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes, we have experienced some changes in family responsibilities, for instance we Masai people did not know how to till the land and grow food crops, but nowadays we have changed and started engaging ourselves in crop production, we till the land and grow different crops.

[Assistant] Who is most engaged in farm activities?

[User] It is a father who is most engaged in farm activities, a mother just remains at home to deal with domestic activities.

[Assistant] Apart from crop production and livestock keeping, which other activities do you do due to climate change?

[User]
We Masai originally are pastoralists; we have decided to engage in crop production due to climate change which has affected our livestock.

Some Masai are engaged in small business, for instance someone may buy some cows and sells them to get some little profit, and some Maasai women do sell food at different market places.

Some people do sell milk to get other domestic needs.

[Assistant] Apart from the above-mentioned views, what else have you been doing so as to overcome the prevailing climate change?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] It is a father who is most engaged in farm activities, a mother just remains at home to deal with domestic activities.

[Assistant] Apart from crop production and livestock keeping, which other activities do you do due to climate change?

[User]
We Masai originally are pastoralists; we have decided to engage in crop production due to climate change which has affected our livestock.

Some Masai are engaged in small business, for instance someone may buy some cows and sells them to get some little profit, and some Maasai women do sell food at different market places.

Some people do sell milk to get other domestic needs.

[Assistant] Apart from the above-mentioned views, what else have you been doing so as to overcome the prevailing climate change?

[User]
Another technique we use to overcome climate change is that we assist one another basing on the available resources, if a person is well off, he can offer assistance to other households if there is an agreement between the two people.

Another technique we use to overcome climate change more especially aridity, we take a black cow or sheep and wash it with water at the river so as to get more rains, this is a Maasai custom.

We Maasai have a tendency to help each other, for instance if a person has a lot of cows he may decide to distribute some cows to different households to neighours so as to sustain their lives because they don't have cows to keep. This has been there for several years, but nowadays it is becoming abandoned.

[Assistant] What do you do so as to overcome the shortage of milk?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
We Masai originally are pastoralists; we have decided to engage in crop production due to climate change which has affected our livestock.

Some Masai are engaged in small business, for instance someone may buy some cows and sells them to get some little profit, and some Maasai women do sell food at different market places.

Some people do sell milk to get other domestic needs.

[Assistant] Apart from the above-mentioned views, what else have you been doing so as to overcome the prevailing climate change?

[User]
Another technique we use to overcome climate change is that we assist one another basing on the available resources, if a person is well off, he can offer assistance to other households if there is an agreement between the two people.

Another technique we use to overcome climate change more especially aridity, we take a black cow or sheep and wash it with water at the river so as to get more rains, this is a Maasai custom.

We Maasai have a tendency to help each other, for instance if a person has a lot of cows he may decide to distribute some cows to different households to neighours so as to sustain their lives because they don't have cows to keep. This has been there for several years, but nowadays it is becoming abandoned.

[Assistant] What do you do so as to overcome the shortage of milk?

[User]
To overcome shortage of milk, some households still have some cows, so they buy maize stalks to feed cows so as to enable them to produce some milk for the family.

Some people do buy maize stalks from the farmers; these also enable cows to produce more milk for our families.

We also practice transhumance, where we shift our cows to places with enough pasture and water, when milk is obtained; it is brought home for consumption. This year we have experienced hardships in obtaining milk, this happened from August to date, but for the case of last year we had a lot of milk.

[Assistant] Apart from milk, what do you consume as food/diet?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Another technique we use to overcome climate change is that we assist one another basing on the available resources, if a person is well off, he can offer assistance to other households if there is an agreement between the two people.

Another technique we use to overcome climate change more especially aridity, we take a black cow or sheep and wash it with water at the river so as to get more rains, this is a Maasai custom.

We Maasai have a tendency to help each other, for instance if a person has a lot of cows he may decide to distribute some cows to different households to neighours so as to sustain their lives because they don't have cows to keep. This has been there for several years, but nowadays it is becoming abandoned.

[Assistant] What do you do so as to overcome the shortage of milk?

[User]
To overcome shortage of milk, some households still have some cows, so they buy maize stalks to feed cows so as to enable them to produce some milk for the family.

Some people do buy maize stalks from the farmers; these also enable cows to produce more milk for our families.

We also practice transhumance, where we shift our cows to places with enough pasture and water, when milk is obtained; it is brought home for consumption. This year we have experienced hardships in obtaining milk, this happened from August to date, but for the case of last year we had a lot of milk.

[Assistant] Apart from milk, what do you consume as food/diet?

[User]
Apart from milk, we depend on tea, vegetables, beans, and tomatoes, cracked and cooked maize.

We as pastoralists, if we do not take milk, even if we eat all kinds of other foods, we do not feel comfortable.

We do not eat fish and sardines as well as chickens because it has not been our custom to eat these foods.

[Assistant] Why do you not eat fish, sardines and chickens? Can you eat them now?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
To overcome shortage of milk, some households still have some cows, so they buy maize stalks to feed cows so as to enable them to produce some milk for the family.

Some people do buy maize stalks from the farmers; these also enable cows to produce more milk for our families.

We also practice transhumance, where we shift our cows to places with enough pasture and water, when milk is obtained; it is brought home for consumption. This year we have experienced hardships in obtaining milk, this happened from August to date, but for the case of last year we had a lot of milk.

[Assistant] Apart from milk, what do you consume as food/diet?

[User]
Apart from milk, we depend on tea, vegetables, beans, and tomatoes, cracked and cooked maize.

We as pastoralists, if we do not take milk, even if we eat all kinds of other foods, we do not feel comfortable.

We do not eat fish and sardines as well as chickens because it has not been our custom to eat these foods.

[Assistant] Why do you not eat fish, sardines and chickens? Can you eat them now?

[User]
Some of us do eat but most of us do not eat them, a man in the house can eat chicken but his wife does not eat them.

Most of us who do eat these foods, they take them at chips centers.

[Assistant] Some Maasai do eat such foods because of exposure to other ethnic groups but others do eat them because they have gone to school.


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Apart from milk, we depend on tea, vegetables, beans, and tomatoes, cracked and cooked maize.

We as pastoralists, if we do not take milk, even if we eat all kinds of other foods, we do not feel comfortable.

We do not eat fish and sardines as well as chickens because it has not been our custom to eat these foods.

[Assistant] Why do you not eat fish, sardines and chickens? Can you eat them now?

[User]
Some of us do eat but most of us do not eat them, a man in the house can eat chicken but his wife does not eat them.

Most of us who do eat these foods, they take them at chips centers.

[Assistant] Some Maasai do eat such foods because of exposure to other ethnic groups but others do eat them because they have gone to school.

[User] Almost 90% of the Maasai people do not eat these foods.

[Assistant] Apart from climate change, which other reasons force some Maasai to establish new activities apart from their traditional activities such as pastoralism?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Some of us do eat but most of us do not eat them, a man in the house can eat chicken but his wife does not eat them.

Most of us who do eat these foods, they take them at chips centers.

[Assistant] Some Maasai do eat such foods because of exposure to other ethnic groups but others do eat them because they have gone to school.

[User] Almost 90% of the Maasai people do not eat these foods.

[Assistant] Apart from climate change, which other reasons force some Maasai to establish new activities apart from their traditional activities such as pastoralism?

[User]
One of the reasons why some Maasai engage themselves in other activities is due to high food prices at the market, so we decide to till the land and grow crops so as to overcome the high food prices at the market.

Social interaction between the farmers and pastoralists has also enabled some Maasai to engage in activities such as cultivating the land and growing food crops, some farmers can also engage themselves in livestock keeping when they interact with Maasai people.

[Assistant] To what extent have women activities changed due to the above conditions?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Almost 90% of the Maasai people do not eat these foods.

[Assistant] Apart from climate change, which other reasons force some Maasai to establish new activities apart from their traditional activities such as pastoralism?

[User]
One of the reasons why some Maasai engage themselves in other activities is due to high food prices at the market, so we decide to till the land and grow crops so as to overcome the high food prices at the market.

Social interaction between the farmers and pastoralists has also enabled some Maasai to engage in activities such as cultivating the land and growing food crops, some farmers can also engage themselves in livestock keeping when they interact with Maasai people.

[Assistant] To what extent have women activities changed due to the above conditions?

[User]
Women activities have changed due to the available freedom among the women; which enable them to engage themselves in different activities which are sources of income.

Some women have engaged themselves in small business such as selling soft drinks at the market places; this enables them to earn some income to sustain their families.

[Assistant] Among ten families including husbands and wives, how many of these do engage in business?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
One of the reasons why some Maasai engage themselves in other activities is due to high food prices at the market, so we decide to till the land and grow crops so as to overcome the high food prices at the market.

Social interaction between the farmers and pastoralists has also enabled some Maasai to engage in activities such as cultivating the land and growing food crops, some farmers can also engage themselves in livestock keeping when they interact with Maasai people.

[Assistant] To what extent have women activities changed due to the above conditions?

[User]
Women activities have changed due to the available freedom among the women; which enable them to engage themselves in different activities which are sources of income.

Some women have engaged themselves in small business such as selling soft drinks at the market places; this enables them to earn some income to sustain their families.

[Assistant] Among ten families including husbands and wives, how many of these do engage in business?

[User]
At least two of them. Most women do depend on their husbands to sustain their families.

Some women do engage themselves in income generating activities so as to sustain their families, this happens either when a husband fails to sustain his family, or some women are allowed by their husbands to do any activity so as to earn some income.

[Assistant] For instance if a husband is well off, owning a lot of resources, does a woman need to engage in income generating activities?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Women activities have changed due to the available freedom among the women; which enable them to engage themselves in different activities which are sources of income.

Some women have engaged themselves in small business such as selling soft drinks at the market places; this enables them to earn some income to sustain their families.

[Assistant] Among ten families including husbands and wives, how many of these do engage in business?

[User]
At least two of them. Most women do depend on their husbands to sustain their families.

Some women do engage themselves in income generating activities so as to sustain their families, this happens either when a husband fails to sustain his family, or some women are allowed by their husbands to do any activity so as to earn some income.

[Assistant] For instance if a husband is well off, owning a lot of resources, does a woman need to engage in income generating activities?

[User]
No, in this case there is no need for a woman to look for some income. A woman will remain at home to take care of the family and livestock.

Some households, husbands and women do help each other in most activities including farm activities, but as a man I am responsible for the food availability in the house.

Among the maasai, nowadays we have tried our best to let our wives become free to engage in different income generating activities, but some maasai men have become very rigid/conservative to let their wives free to do different activities become of maintaining marriage stability.

[Assistant] What are the impacts of women activities toward availability of food in our households?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
At least two of them. Most women do depend on their husbands to sustain their families.

Some women do engage themselves in income generating activities so as to sustain their families, this happens either when a husband fails to sustain his family, or some women are allowed by their husbands to do any activity so as to earn some income.

[Assistant] For instance if a husband is well off, owning a lot of resources, does a woman need to engage in income generating activities?

[User]
No, in this case there is no need for a woman to look for some income. A woman will remain at home to take care of the family and livestock.

Some households, husbands and women do help each other in most activities including farm activities, but as a man I am responsible for the food availability in the house.

Among the maasai, nowadays we have tried our best to let our wives become free to engage in different income generating activities, but some maasai men have become very rigid/conservative to let their wives free to do different activities become of maintaining marriage stability.

[Assistant] What are the impacts of women activities toward availability of food in our households?

[User]
Yes, there is much contribution from our wives to ensure the availability of food in homes when they engage in income generating activities.

Among the pastoralists, a woman has no decision to ensure the availability of food even if she earns some money, this is a duty of the men among the Masaai. The Maasai women do depend on their husbands for food availability.

Among the Maasai, men do not depend on women to buy food for the family, otherwise a man will be considered to be weak. Otherwise a man will sell his cow so as to buy food and other domestic needs. In this case a woman will not ask anything about the money obtained from selling cows. When a woman sells some chickens, then a man will not ask anything about the money obtained, and a woman will not provide or spend any amount of money to buy foods and other domestic needs while a man is available.

Nowadays there are some families are demanding cooperating to insure food availability in the family for family stability.

[Assistant] Apart from the Maasai, which any other ethnic groups are available in this area?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
No, in this case there is no need for a woman to look for some income. A woman will remain at home to take care of the family and livestock.

Some households, husbands and women do help each other in most activities including farm activities, but as a man I am responsible for the food availability in the house.

Among the maasai, nowadays we have tried our best to let our wives become free to engage in different income generating activities, but some maasai men have become very rigid/conservative to let their wives free to do different activities become of maintaining marriage stability.

[Assistant] What are the impacts of women activities toward availability of food in our households?

[User]
Yes, there is much contribution from our wives to ensure the availability of food in homes when they engage in income generating activities.

Among the pastoralists, a woman has no decision to ensure the availability of food even if she earns some money, this is a duty of the men among the Masaai. The Maasai women do depend on their husbands for food availability.

Among the Maasai, men do not depend on women to buy food for the family, otherwise a man will be considered to be weak. Otherwise a man will sell his cow so as to buy food and other domestic needs. In this case a woman will not ask anything about the money obtained from selling cows. When a woman sells some chickens, then a man will not ask anything about the money obtained, and a woman will not provide or spend any amount of money to buy foods and other domestic needs while a man is available.

Nowadays there are some families are demanding cooperating to insure food availability in the family for family stability.

[Assistant] Apart from the Maasai, which any other ethnic groups are available in this area?

[User] There Gogo people, Sukuma people, etc.

[Assistant] Do you experience groups of people who are temporarily around here?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User]
Yes, there is much contribution from our wives to ensure the availability of food in homes when they engage in income generating activities.

Among the pastoralists, a woman has no decision to ensure the availability of food even if she earns some money, this is a duty of the men among the Masaai. The Maasai women do depend on their husbands for food availability.

Among the Maasai, men do not depend on women to buy food for the family, otherwise a man will be considered to be weak. Otherwise a man will sell his cow so as to buy food and other domestic needs. In this case a woman will not ask anything about the money obtained from selling cows. When a woman sells some chickens, then a man will not ask anything about the money obtained, and a woman will not provide or spend any amount of money to buy foods and other domestic needs while a man is available.

Nowadays there are some families are demanding cooperating to insure food availability in the family for family stability.

[Assistant] Apart from the Maasai, which any other ethnic groups are available in this area?

[User] There Gogo people, Sukuma people, etc.

[Assistant] Do you experience groups of people who are temporarily around here?

[User] Yes, we do experience these groups of people, they stay here for a short time, and they pollute and disturb the forests, for instance the Luguru people. They invade the forests and start burning charcoal.

[Assistant] Which groups of people do come and cut down trees?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] There Gogo people, Sukuma people, etc.

[Assistant] Do you experience groups of people who are temporarily around here?

[User] Yes, we do experience these groups of people, they stay here for a short time, and they pollute and disturb the forests, for instance the Luguru people. They invade the forests and start burning charcoal.

[Assistant] Which groups of people do come and cut down trees?

[User] These groups always include some rich and business people who deal with timber selling; they invade our forests and start cutting down trees.

[Assistant] These people who come to cut trees, burn charcoal and collect firewood, are they women, men or youths?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Yes, we do experience these groups of people, they stay here for a short time, and they pollute and disturb the forests, for instance the Luguru people. They invade the forests and start burning charcoal.

[Assistant] Which groups of people do come and cut down trees?

[User] These groups always include some rich and business people who deal with timber selling; they invade our forests and start cutting down trees.

[Assistant] These people who come to cut trees, burn charcoal and collect firewood, are they women, men or youths?

[User] About 88.8% these are men, 25.5% these are old men and 5-10% these are women.

[Assistant] Do we experience mobility of people from our village to other places within five to ten years passed?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] These groups always include some rich and business people who deal with timber selling; they invade our forests and start cutting down trees.

[Assistant] These people who come to cut trees, burn charcoal and collect firewood, are they women, men or youths?

[User] About 88.8% these are men, 25.5% these are old men and 5-10% these are women.

[Assistant] Do we experience mobility of people from our village to other places within five to ten years passed?

[User] Some groups of people do shift to other areas to search for water and pasture in other places more especially during summer season but when it starts raining they come back.

[Assistant] What are the main features of these mobile groups more especially when you consider their ages, education levels, etc.?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] About 88.8% these are men, 25.5% these are old men and 5-10% these are women.

[Assistant] Do we experience mobility of people from our village to other places within five to ten years passed?

[User] Some groups of people do shift to other areas to search for water and pasture in other places more especially during summer season but when it starts raining they come back.

[Assistant] What are the main features of these mobile groups more especially when you consider their ages, education levels, etc.?

[User] Most of the people in these mobile groups are the youths, who always move with cows to search for water and pasture.

[Assistant] Apart from the above mentioned mobile groups, which other mobile groups do you experience?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Some groups of people do shift to other areas to search for water and pasture in other places more especially during summer season but when it starts raining they come back.

[Assistant] What are the main features of these mobile groups more especially when you consider their ages, education levels, etc.?

[User] Most of the people in these mobile groups are the youths, who always move with cows to search for water and pasture.

[Assistant] Apart from the above mentioned mobile groups, which other mobile groups do you experience?

[User] It is a group of educated youths who move to look for jobs in different places.

[Assistant] Who is a native man (ethnic group) in Mela?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] Most of the people in these mobile groups are the youths, who always move with cows to search for water and pasture.

[Assistant] Apart from the above mentioned mobile groups, which other mobile groups do you experience?

[User] It is a group of educated youths who move to look for jobs in different places.

[Assistant] Who is a native man (ethnic group) in Mela?

[User] It is a Maasai tribe

[Assistant] Ok, how has the presence of Sukuma and Gogo people contributed to changes in your diet/nutrition system?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] It is a group of educated youths who move to look for jobs in different places.

[Assistant] Who is a native man (ethnic group) in Mela?

[User] It is a Maasai tribe

[Assistant] Ok, how has the presence of Sukuma and Gogo people contributed to changes in your diet/nutrition system?

[User] All people in this place share some foods when dishes are prepared, for instance, I can sit together in the same dish with the Sukuma and Gogo people.

[Assistant] What have you learnt from other ethnic groups such as Sukuma and Gogo people?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] It is a Maasai tribe

[Assistant] Ok, how has the presence of Sukuma and Gogo people contributed to changes in your diet/nutrition system?

[User] All people in this place share some foods when dishes are prepared, for instance, I can sit together in the same dish with the Sukuma and Gogo people.

[Assistant] What have you learnt from other ethnic groups such as Sukuma and Gogo people?

[User] There is difference in diet among the Sukuma and Gogo people, the Sukuma people are very kind, they invite their neighbors to their dish, the Gogo people eat normal food but they are not kind to invite other neighbors to their dishes. The Maasai people really eat food, Maasai people have a tendency of inviting their neighbors to participate to their dishes. This is done by both women and men.

[Assistant] Do you learn any other things from other people of different ethnic groups?


[System] Act as an information elicitation agent for academic interviews.

[User] All people in this place share some foods when dishes are prepared, for instance, I can sit together in the same dish with the Sukuma and Gogo people.

[Assistant] What have you learnt from other ethnic groups such as Sukuma and Gogo people?

[User] There is difference in diet among the Sukuma and Gogo people, the Sukuma people are very kind, they invite their neighbors to their dish, the Gogo people eat normal food but they are not kind to invite other neighbors to their dishes. The Maasai people really eat food, Maasai people have a tendency of inviting their neighbors to participate to their dishes. This is done by both women and men.

[Assistant] Do you learn any other things from other people of different ethnic groups?

[User]
The Maasai are very kind, they prepare food and take their dishes outside their houses, even if you are passing by his house, if you feel to eat you will be invited, some people like the Sukuma do take their dishes inside their houses, even if you pass by their houses and find them eating, they may not invite you to their dishes. In short, the Maasai do not have issues around tribalism.

We Masai people learn some new techniques from other ethnic groups on how to till the land and the farmers can learn how to keep livestock.

[Assistant] What about children, do they learn some new things from other people of different ethnic groups?