scripts/vuln_catalog.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""AppSecBench vulnerability catalog.

Each entry is an ORIGINAL archetype definition: the canonical CWE, the OWASP
Top 10 (2021) and OWASP API Security (2023) mapping, the OWASP LLM Top 10
(2025) mapping where relevant, the high-level category, representative public
references (OWASP/CWE/PortSwigger/OWASP ASVS — no copyrighted code), and a
human-readable description template that the generator fills in per case.

Nothing here is copied from an existing benchmark; the code snippets are
authored from scratch in `generators.py`.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

# Canonical list of supported dimensions (derived from the master prompt).
LANGUAGES = [
    "Python", "Java", "JavaScript", "TypeScript", "Go", "Rust",
    "PHP", "C#", "Kotlin", "Swift", "C", "C++",
    "Ruby", "Scala",
]
FRAMEWORKS = [
    "Flask", "FastAPI", "Django", "Spring Boot", "Express", "NestJS",
    "Next.js", "Laravel", "ASP.NET Core", "Gin", "Echo", "Fiber",
    "Android", "iOS", "Rails", "Angular", "Vue",
]
DIFFICULTIES = ["Beginner", "Intermediate", "Advanced", "Expert", "Real-world enterprise"]
# Frameworks are only relevant for vulnerabilities that live in a web/rpc layer.
DIFFICULTIES_NO_FRAMEWORK = ["Beginner", "Intermediate", "Advanced", "Expert", "Real-world enterprise"]

# (vulnerability_name, category, cwe, owasp2021, owasp_api2023, owasp_llm2025, refs, description)
CATALOG = [
    ("SQL Injection", "Injection", "CWE-89", "A03:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/SQL_Injection",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/89.html",
      "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/SQL_Injection_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html"],
     "Untrusted input is concatenated into a SQL query string, allowing an attacker to alter the query's structure and read or modify data."),
    ("Cross-Site Scripting", "Injection", "CWE-79", "A03:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/xss/",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html",
      "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross_Site_Scripting_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html"],
     "Untrusted input is reflected into an HTTP response without output encoding, letting an attacker execute JavaScript in the victim's browser."),
    ("Server-Side Request Forgery", "Injection", "CWE-918", "A10:2021", "API7:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Server_Side_Request_Forgery",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html"],
     "A server fetches a URL built from user input, letting an attacker reach internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, or ports not exposed publicly."),
    ("Command Injection", "Injection", "CWE-77", "A03:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Command_Injection",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/77.html"],
     "User input is passed to a shell command interpreter, letting an attacker execute arbitrary operating-system commands."),
    ("Path Traversal", "Injection", "CWE-22", "A01:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Path_Traversal",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/22.html"],
     "User-controlled file paths are joined to a base directory without canonicalization, allowing read or write outside the intended root."),
    ("XML External Entity", "Injection", "CWE-611", "A05:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/XML_External_Entity_(XXE)_Processing",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/611.html"],
     "An XML parser resolves external entities in attacker-supplied documents, enabling file disclosure, SSRF, or denial of service."),
    ("Insecure Direct Object Reference", "Broken Access Control", "CWE-639", "A01:2021", "API1:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Insecure_Direct_Object_Reference",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"],
     "An endpoint exposes an object reference (id, filename, token) and trusts the caller to only access records they own, enabling horizontal privilege escalation."),
    ("Broken Access Control", "Broken Access Control", "CWE-285", "A01:2021", "API5:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/Top10/A01_2021-Broken_Access_Control/",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/285.html"],
     "Authorization checks are missing or can be bypassed, letting a user act on resources or functions outside their privilege level."),
    ("Broken Authentication", "Authentication", "CWE-287", "A07:2021", "API2:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/Top10/A07_2021-Identification_and_Authentication_Failures/",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/287.html"],
     "Authentication mechanisms are weak, spoofable, or bypassable, allowing an attacker to assume another user's identity."),
    ("Broken Authorization", "Authorization", "CWE-862", "A01:2021", "API5:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/862.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A01_2021-Broken_Access_Control/"],
     "A function performs a sensitive action without verifying the caller is permitted to do so (missing authorization check)."),
    ("JWT Vulnerabilities", "Authentication", "CWE-345", "A07:2021", "API2:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/345.html",
      "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/JSON_Web_Token_for_Java_Cheat_Sheet.html"],
     "A JWT implementation accepts tokens with a weak or 'none' algorithm, skips signature verification, or trusts an attacker-controlled key/secret."),
    ("OAuth Vulnerabilities", "Authentication", "CWE-287", "A07:2021", "API2:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/287.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A07_2021-Identification_and_Authentication_Failures/"],
     "An OAuth/OIDC flow is misimplemented (redirect_uri not validated, implicit flow, token leakage) allowing account takeover."),
    ("Session Management", "Authentication", "CWE-614", "A07:2021", "API2:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/614.html",
      "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Session_Management_Cheat_Sheet.html"],
     "Session identifiers are created, stored, or invalidated insecurely (predictable IDs, missing HttpOnly/Secure, no rotation on auth)."),
    ("Cross-Site Request Forgery", "Broken Access Control", "CWE-352", "A01:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/csrf",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/352.html"],
     "A state-changing request lacks an unguessable token, letting a third-party site force the victim's browser to perform actions."),
    ("Insecure File Upload", "Injection", "CWE-434", "A03:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Unrestricted_File_Upload",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/434.html"],
     "Uploaded files are not validated for type, content, or location, enabling remote code execution or storage abuse."),
    ("Insecure Deserialization", "Injection", "CWE-502", "A08:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/PHP_Object_Injection",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/502.html"],
     "Untrusted data is deserialized by a native/object serializer, which can trigger code execution or logic abuse during reconstruction."),
    ("Open Redirect", "Injection", "CWE-601", "A01:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html",
      "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Unvalidated_Redirects_and_Forwards_Cheat_Sheet.html"],
     "A redirect target is taken from user input without an allow-list, enabling phishing by bouncing victims through a trusted domain."),
    ("Race Condition", "Business Logic", "CWE-362", "A04:2021", "", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/362.html",
      "https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Thread_Safety_and_State_Problems"],
     "A check-then-act sequence is not atomic, letting concurrent requests pass the check before a shared state update lands (TOCTOU)."),
    ("Insecure Cryptography", "Cryptographic Failures", "CWE-327", "A02:2021", "", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/327.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A02_2021-Cryptographic_Failures/"],
     "Broken or deprecated primitives (MD5/SHA1, ECB, static IVs, weak RNG) are used to protect sensitive data."),
    ("Hardcoded Secrets", "Cryptographic Failures", "CWE-798", "A02:2021", "", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/798.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A02_2021-Cryptographic_Failures/"],
     "Credentials, API keys, or private keys are embedded in source code, exposing them to anyone with repository access."),
    ("Business Logic", "Business Logic", "CWE-840", "A04:2021", "API6:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/840.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A04_2021-Insecure_Design/"],
     "The application enforces no invariant for a workflow (negative quantity, replayed coupon, price override), leading to abuse."),
    ("Missing Rate Limiting", "Security Misconfiguration", "CWE-307", "A07:2021", "API4:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/307.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A07_2021-Identification_and_Authentication_Failures/"],
     "Authentication or sensitive endpoints lack throttling, enabling credential stuffing, brute force, or resource exhaustion."),
    ("Sensitive Data Logging", "Security Misconfiguration", "CWE-532", "A09:2021", "", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A09_2021-Security_Logging_and_Monitoring_Failures/"],
     "Credentials, tokens, or PII are written to logs in cleartext, widening the blast radius of a log compromise."),
    ("Header Injection", "Injection", "CWE-113", "A03:2021", "API8:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/113.html",
      "https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/HTTP_Response_Splitting"],
     "Unsanitized input is placed into response or request headers, allowing response splitting or header smuggling."),
    ("Prompt Injection", "AI Security", "CWE-1427", "A05:2021", "", "LLM01:2025",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1427.html",
      "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-10-for-large-language-model-applications/"],
     "An LLM application merges untrusted content into its prompt, letting an attacker override instructions or exfiltrate data."),
    ("RAG Security", "AI Security", "CWE-1427", "A05:2021", "", "LLM02:2025",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-project-top-10-for-large-language-model-applications/",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1427.html"],
     "A retrieval-augmented generation pipeline ingests untrusted documents whose content steers the model or poisons the index."),
    ("MCP Security", "AI Security", "CWE-918", "A05:2021", "", "LLM06:2025",
     ["https://modelcontextprotocol.io/",
      "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-10-for-large-language-model-applications/"],
     "A Model Context Protocol server exposes tools/resources that an agent can invoke with overly broad permissions or unvalidated arguments."),
    ("AI Agent Security", "AI Security", "CWE-77", "A05:2021", "", "LLM06:2025",
     ["https://owasp.org/www-project-top-10-for-large-language-model-applications/",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/77.html"],
     "An autonomous agent that can call tools or shells is tricked by external content into performing unsafe actions."),
    ("GraphQL Security", "API Security", "CWE-915", "A04:2021", "API4:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/915.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A04_2021-Insecure_Design/"],
     "A GraphQL endpoint lacks query costing/introspection control or object-level authorization, enabling data exfiltration or DoS."),
    ("REST API Security", "API Security", "CWE-639", "A01:2021", "API1:2023", "",
     ["https://owasp.org/Top10/A01_2021-Broken_Access_Control/",
      "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"],
     "A REST API exposes objects by id without ownership checks or proper input validation, enabling IDOR or mass assignment."),
    ("gRPC Security", "API Security", "CWE-285", "A01:2021", "API5:2023", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/285.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A01_2021-Broken_Access_Control/"],
     "A gRPC service does not enforce per-method authorization or input validation, allowing unauthorized RPC calls."),
    ("Cloud Misconfiguration", "Security Misconfiguration", "CWE-1188", "A05:2021", "", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1188.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A05_2021-Security_Misconfiguration/"],
     "A cloud resource (bucket, blob, policy, security group) is exposed publicly or grants excessive permission."),
    ("Kubernetes Security", "Security Misconfiguration", "CWE-250", "A05:2021", "", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/250.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A05_2021-Security_Misconfiguration/"],
     "A pod or cluster is over-privileged (privileged container, hostPath mount, wildcard RBAC) enabling node compromise."),
    ("Docker Security", "Security Misconfiguration", "CWE-250", "A05:2021", "", "",
     ["https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/250.html",
      "https://owasp.org/Top10/A05_2021-Security_Misconfiguration/"],
     "A container image or runtime is configured insecurely (running as root, mounting the Docker socket, latest tag, secrets in env)."),
]

# Build fast lookup
CATALOG_BY_NAME = {}
for _row in CATALOG:
    (_name, _cat, _cwe, _o21, _oapi, _ollm, _refs, _desc) = _row
    CATALOG_BY_NAME[_name] = {
        "category": _cat, "cwe": _cwe, "owasp": _o21,
        "owasp_api": _oapi, "owasp_llm": _ollm,
        "references": _refs, "description": _desc,
    }


# Which (vuln, language) pairs make sense. We restrict infra/AI vulns to a
# sensible subset so every record is realistic rather than contrived.
INFRA_VULNS = {"Cloud Misconfiguration", "Kubernetes Security", "Docker Security"}
AI_VULNS = {"Prompt Injection", "RAG Security", "MCP Security", "AI Agent Security"}
API_VULNS = {"GraphQL Security", "REST API Security", "gRPC Security"}

# Languages that trivially support a native web/rpc framework example.
WEB_LANGS = {"Python", "Java", "JavaScript", "TypeScript", "Go", "PHP", "C#", "Kotlin", "Swift", "Ruby", "Scala"}

# Framework applicability per language (kept realistic).
LANG_FRAMEWORKS = {
    "Python": ["Flask", "FastAPI", "Django"],
    "Java": ["Spring Boot"],
    "JavaScript": ["Express", "Next.js", "Angular", "Vue"],
    "TypeScript": ["Express", "NestJS", "Next.js", "Angular", "Vue"],
    "Go": ["Gin", "Echo", "Fiber"],
    "PHP": ["Laravel"],
    "C#": ["ASP.NET Core"],
    "Kotlin": ["Android", "Spring Boot"],
    "Swift": ["iOS"],
    "Ruby": ["Rails"],
    "Scala": ["Spring Boot"],
    "Rust": ["None"],   # no Rust framework in the required framework list
    "C": ["None"],
    "C++": ["None"],
}


def applicable_languages(vuln_name: str) -> list:
    if vuln_name in INFRA_VULNS:
        return ["YAML", "Dockerfile", "Bash"]
    if vuln_name == "Insecure Cryptography":
        return ["Python", "Java", "C", "C++", "Go", "JavaScript", "PHP"]
    if vuln_name == "Hardcoded Secrets":
        return LANGUAGES
    if vuln_name in AI_VULNS:
        return ["Python", "JavaScript", "TypeScript", "Ruby"]
    if vuln_name == "Race Condition":
        return ["Python", "Java", "Go", "JavaScript", "C", "C++", "PHP", "C#", "Ruby"]
    if vuln_name == "Insecure Deserialization":
        return ["Python", "Java", "PHP", "JavaScript", "C#", "Go", "Ruby"]
    if vuln_name in API_VULNS:
        return ["Python", "JavaScript", "TypeScript", "Go", "Java", "Ruby"]
    # Generic web/rpc injection & access-control classes.
    return [l for l in LANGUAGES if l in WEB_LANGS]


def applicable_frameworks(vuln_name: str, language: str) -> list:
    if vuln_name in INFRA_VULNS or language in ("YAML", "Dockerfile", "Bash", "C", "C++"):
        return ["None"]
    return LANG_FRAMEWORKS.get(language, ["None"])