---
license: cc-by-sa-3.0
language:
- ja
- en
task_categories:
- translation
- token-classification
tags:
- japanese
- reading-comprehension
- furigana
- grammar
- annotation
- distillation
pretty_name: Kanjiland Silver Annotations
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---

# Kanjiland — Silver Annotations

9,388 Japanese sentences annotated in the full **Kanjiland reading-comprehension
format**: morpheme segmentation, furigana (ruby on kanji runs), per-token
contextual glosses, word groupings, an English sentence translation, and
grammar-pattern labels from a closed 120-rule inventory.

Part of [**Kanjiland**](https://github.com/jakequist/kanjiland), a from-scratch
Japanese reading-comprehension engine.

## Format

Each line of `silver_annotations.jsonl` is:

```json
{"ja": "<Japanese sentence>", "wire": "<tagged annotation string>"}
```

The `wire` string uses Unicode Private-Use-Area separators (⟨T⟩ token, ⟨W⟩ word,
⟨S⟩ sentence, ⟨G⟩ grammar). The format is specified in
[`docs/FORMAT_SPEC.md`](https://github.com/jakequist/kanjiland/blob/main/docs/FORMAT_SPEC.md);
the grammar rule inventory is
[`docs/GRAMMAR_RULES.md`](https://github.com/jakequist/kanjiland/blob/main/docs/GRAMMAR_RULES.md).

## How it was made (hybrid supervision)

- **Source sentences:** KFTT (Kyoto Free Translation Task), formal/Wikipedia domain.
- **Deterministic layer:** MeCab + UniDic (offline) — segmentation, kanji-run ruby, POS, lemma.
- **Judgment layer:** an OpenAI teacher model — contextual glosses, translation, grammar labels.
- **Gate:** every annotation passes a strict format linter (93.9% of 10,000 sentences passed).

## License & attribution

**CC-BY-SA 3.0.** Derived from **KFTT** (© Graham Neubig, CC-BY-SA 3.0,
http://www.phontron.com/kftt/) — attribute KFTT and this project, and share
derivatives alike. English glosses/translations are **model-generated** (OpenAI);
deterministic labels use **MeCab** (BSD) + **UniDic**. See the repo `NOTICE.md`.

## Limitations

- **Domain:** formal/Wikipedia (KFTT) — not conversational or web Japanese.
- **Silver, not gold:** teacher-generated; the linter catches structural errors but
  not every semantic mislabel. Spot-audited, not exhaustively verified.