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	<hr size="2">
	<a name="Updating"></a>
	<a name="SEC61"></a>
	<h1 class="chapter"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC57">7. Updating Existing PO Files</a> </h1>



	<a name="msgmerge-Invocation"></a>
	<a name="SEC62"></a>
	<h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC58">7.1 Invoking the <code>msgmerge</code> Program</a> </h2>


	<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">msgmerge [<var>option</var>] <var>def</var>.po <var>ref</var>.pot
	</pre></td></tr></table>

	<p>The <code>msgmerge</code> program merges two Uniforum style .po files together.
	The <var>def</var>.po file is an existing PO file with translations which will
	be taken over to the newly created file as long as they still match;
	comments will be preserved, but extracted comments and file positions will
	be discarded. The <var>ref</var>.pot file is the last created PO file with
	up-to-date source references but old translations, or a PO Template file
	(generally created by <code>xgettext</code>); any translations or comments
	in the file will be discarded, however dot comments and file positions
	will be preserved. Where an exact match cannot be found, fuzzy matching
	is used to produce better results.
	</p>

	<a name="SEC63"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC59">7.1.1 Input file location</a> </h3>

	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp><var>def</var>.po</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><p>Translations referring to old sources.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp><var>ref</var>.pot</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><p>References to the new sources.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-D <var>directory</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--directory=<var>directory</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX299"></a>
	<a name="IDX300"></a>
	<p>Add <var>directory</var> to the list of directories. Source files are
	searched relative to this list of directories. The resulting ‘<tt>.po</tt>’
	file will be written relative to the current directory, though.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-C <var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--compendium=<var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX301"></a>
	<a name="IDX302"></a>
	<p>Specify an additional library of message translations. See section <a href="gettext_8.html#SEC93">Using Translation Compendia</a>.
	This option may be specified more than once.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>


	<a name="SEC64"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC60">7.1.2 Operation mode</a> </h3>

	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>-U</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--update</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX303"></a>
	<a name="IDX304"></a>
	<p>Update <var>def</var>.po. Do nothing if <var>def</var>.po is already up to date.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>


	<a name="SEC65"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC61">7.1.3 Output file location</a> </h3>

	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>-o <var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--output-file=<var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX305"></a>
	<a name="IDX306"></a>
	<p>Write output to specified file.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>

	<a name="IDX307"></a>
	<p>The results are written to standard output if no output file is specified
	or if it is ‘<samp>-</samp>’.
	</p>

	<a name="SEC66"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC62">7.1.4 Output file location in update mode</a> </h3>

	<p>The result is written back to <var>def</var>.po.
	</p>
	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>--backup=<var>control</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX308"></a>
	<a name="IDX309"></a>
	<p>Make a backup of <var>def</var>.po
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--suffix=<var>suffix</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX310"></a>
	<p>Override the usual backup suffix.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>

	<a name="IDX311"></a>
	<p>The version control method may be selected via the <code>--backup</code> option
	or through the <code>VERSION_CONTROL</code> environment variable. Here are the
	values:
	</p>
	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>off</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><p>Never make backups (even if <code>--backup</code> is given).
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>numbered</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>t</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><p>Make numbered backups.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>existing</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>nil</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><p>Make numbered backups if numbered backups for this file already exist,
	otherwise make simple backups.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>simple</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>never</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><p>Always make simple backups.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>

	<p>The backup suffix is ‘<samp>~</samp>’, unless set with <code>--suffix</code> or the
	<code>SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX</code> environment variable.
	</p>

	<a name="SEC67"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC63">7.1.5 Operation modifiers</a> </h3>

	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>-m</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--multi-domain</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX312"></a>
	<a name="IDX313"></a>
	<p>Apply <var>ref</var>.pot to each of the domains in <var>def</var>.po.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--for-msgfmt</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX314"></a>
	<p>Produce a PO file meant for <code>msgfmt</code> only, not for a translator.
	This option omits untranslated messages, fuzzy messages (except the header
	entry), and obsolete messages from the output. Also, it omits translator
	comments and ‘<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>’ lines from the output.
	In particular, this option implies ‘<samp>--no-fuzzy-matching</samp>’.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-N</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--no-fuzzy-matching</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX315"></a>
	<a name="IDX316"></a>
	<p>Do not use fuzzy matching when an exact match is not found. This may speed
	up the operation considerably.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--previous</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX317"></a>
	<p>Keep the previous msgids of translated messages, marked with ‘<samp>#\|</samp>’, when
	adding the fuzzy marker to such messages.
	</p></dd>
	</dl>


	<a name="SEC68"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC64">7.1.6 Input file syntax</a> </h3>

	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>-P</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--properties-input</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX318"></a>
	<a name="IDX319"></a>
	<p>Assume the input files are Java ResourceBundles in Java <code>.properties</code>
	syntax, not in PO file syntax.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--stringtable-input</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX320"></a>
	<p>Assume the input files are NeXTstep/GNUstep localized resource files in
	<code>.strings</code> syntax, not in PO file syntax.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>


	<a name="SEC69"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC65">7.1.7 Output details</a> </h3>


	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>--lang=<var>catalogname</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX321"></a>
	<p>Specify the ‘<samp>Language</samp>’ field to be used in the header entry. See
	<a href="gettext_6.html#SEC60">Filling in the Header Entry</a> for the meaning of this field. Note: The
	‘<samp>Language-Team</samp>’ and ‘<samp>Plural-Forms</samp>’ fields are left unchanged.
	If this option is not specified, the ‘<samp>Language</samp>’ field is inferred, as
	best as possible, from the ‘<samp>Language-Team</samp>’ field.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--color</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--color=<var>when</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX322"></a>
	<p>Specify whether or when to use colors and other text attributes.
	See <a href="gettext_9.html#SEC171">The <code>--color</code> option</a> for details.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--style=<var>style_file</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX323"></a>
	<p>Specify the CSS style rule file to use for <code>--color</code>.
	See <a href="gettext_9.html#SEC173">The <code>--style</code> option</a> for details.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--force-po</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX324"></a>
	<p>Always write an output file even if it contains no message.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-i</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--indent</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX325"></a>
	<a name="IDX326"></a>
	<p>Write the .po file using indented style.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--no-location</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX327"></a>
	<p>Do not write ‘<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>’ lines.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-n</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--add-location=<var>type</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX328"></a>
	<p>Generate ‘<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>’ lines (default).
	</p>
	<p>The optional <var>type</var> can be either ‘<samp>full</samp>’, ‘<samp>file</samp>’, or
	‘<samp>never</samp>’. If it is not given or ‘<samp>full</samp>’, it generates the
	lines with both file name and line number. If it is ‘<samp>file</samp>’, the
	line number part is omitted. If it is ‘<samp>never</samp>’, it completely
	suppresses the lines (same as <code>--no-location</code>).
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--strict</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX329"></a>
	<p>Write out a strict Uniforum conforming PO file. Note that this
	Uniforum format should be avoided because it doesn't support the
	GNU extensions.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-p</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--properties-output</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX330"></a>
	<a name="IDX331"></a>
	<p>Write out a Java ResourceBundle in Java <code>.properties</code> syntax. Note
	that this file format doesn't support plural forms and silently drops
	obsolete messages.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--stringtable-output</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX332"></a>
	<p>Write out a NeXTstep/GNUstep localized resource file in <code>.strings</code> syntax.
	Note that this file format doesn't support plural forms.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-w <var>number</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--width=<var>number</var></samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX333"></a>
	<a name="IDX334"></a>
	<p>Set the output page width. Long strings in the output files will be
	split across multiple lines in order to ensure that each line's width
	(= number of screen columns) is less or equal to the given <var>number</var>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--no-wrap</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX335"></a>
	<p>Do not break long message lines. Message lines whose width exceeds the
	output page width will not be split into several lines. Only file reference
	lines which are wider than the output page width will be split.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-s</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--sort-output</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX336"></a>
	<a name="IDX337"></a>
	<a name="IDX338"></a>
	<p>Generate sorted output (deprecated). Note that using this option makes it
	much harder for the translator to understand each message's context.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-F</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--sort-by-file</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX339"></a>
	<a name="IDX340"></a>
	<p>Sort output by file location.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>


	<a name="SEC70"></a>
	<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC66">7.1.8 Informative output</a> </h3>

	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt> ‘<samp>-h</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--help</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX341"></a>
	<a name="IDX342"></a>
	<p>Display this help and exit.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-V</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--version</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX343"></a>
	<a name="IDX344"></a>
	<p>Output version information and exit.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-v</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--verbose</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX345"></a>
	<a name="IDX346"></a>
	<p>Increase verbosity level.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt> ‘<samp>-q</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--quiet</samp>’</dt>
	<dt> ‘<samp>--silent</samp>’</dt>
	<dd><a name="IDX347"></a>
	<a name="IDX348"></a>
	<a name="IDX349"></a>
	<p>Suppress progress indicators.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>


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