class AbsField (R : Type) where zero : R one : R add : R → R → R mul : R → R → R opp : R → R abs : R → R le : R → R → Prop lt : R → R → Prop NatAlt : Type NatAltle : NatAlt → NatAlt → Prop NatAltMax : NatAlt → NatAlt → NatAlt le_max_left : ∀ x y, NatAltle x (NatAltMax x y) le_max_right : ∀ x y, NatAltle y (NatAltMax x y) add_comm : ∀ x y, add x y = add y x add_assoc : ∀ x y z, add (add x y) z = add x (add y z) add_zero : ∀ x, add x zero = x add_opp : ∀ x, add x (opp x) = zero opp_add : ∀ x y, opp (add x y) = add (opp x) (opp y) mul_comm : ∀ x y, mul x y = mul y x mul_assoc : ∀ x y z, mul (mul x y) z = mul x (mul y z) mul_one : ∀ x, mul x one = x le_refl : ∀ x, le x x le_trans : ∀ x y z, le x y → le y z → le x z add_le_add : ∀ a b c d, le a b → le c d → le (add a c) (add b d) abs_nonneg : ∀ x, le zero (abs x) abs_triangle : ∀ x y, le (abs (add x y)) (add (abs x) (abs y)) abs_opp : ∀ x, abs (opp x) = abs x abs_sub_symm : ∀ x y, abs (add x (opp y)) = abs (add y (opp x)) sub_decomp : ∀ x y z, add x (opp z) = add (add x (opp y)) (add y (opp z)) sub_eq_zero : ∀ x y, add x (opp y) = zero → x = y eq_of_forall_eps2 : ∀ x, (∀ eps, lt zero eps → le (abs x) (add eps eps)) → x = zero namespace Limits variable {R : Type} [AR : AbsField R] def sub (x y : R) : R := AbsField.add x (AbsField.opp y) def limit (u : (AbsField.NatAlt (R := R)) → R) (l : R) : Prop := ∀ eps : R, AbsField.lt AbsField.zero eps → ∃ N : AbsField.NatAlt (R := R), ∀ n : AbsField.NatAlt (R := R), AbsField.NatAltle (R := R) N n → AbsField.le (AbsField.abs (sub (u n) l)) eps theorem sub_self_zero (x : R) : sub x x = AbsField.zero := by unfold sub simpa using AbsField.add_opp x theorem sub_decomp (x y z : R) : sub x z = AR.add (sub x y) (sub y z) := by unfold sub simpa using (AbsField.sub_decomp (R := R) x y z) theorem abs_sub_triangle (x y z : R) : AbsField.le (AbsField.abs (sub x z)) (AbsField.add (AbsField.abs (sub x y)) (AbsField.abs (sub y z))) := by have : sub x z = AbsField.add (sub x y) (sub y z) := sub_decomp x y z simpa [this] using AbsField.abs_triangle (sub x y) (sub y z) theorem abs_sub_nonneg (x y : R) : AR.le AR.zero (AR.abs (sub x y)) := by unfold sub exact AbsField.abs_nonneg _ theorem limit_unique (u : (AbsField.NatAlt (R := R)) → R) (l m : R) : limit u l → limit u m → l = m := by intro Hl Hm have Hbound' : ∀ eps, AR.lt AR.zero eps → AR.le (AR.abs (sub l m)) (AR.add eps eps) := by intro eps Heps rcases Hl eps Heps with ⟨N1, HN1⟩ rcases Hm eps Heps with ⟨N2, HN2⟩ let N := AbsField.NatAltMax (R := R) N1 N2 have H1 : AbsField.le (AbsField.abs (sub (u N) l)) eps := by apply HN1 exact AbsField.le_max_left (R := R) _ _ have H2 : AbsField.le (AbsField.abs (sub (u N) m)) eps := by apply HN2 exact AbsField.le_max_right (R := R) _ _ have Htri : AbsField.le (AbsField.abs (sub l m)) (AbsField.add (AbsField.abs (sub l (u N))) (AbsField.abs (sub (u N) m))) := by simpa using abs_sub_triangle l (u N) m have H1' : AbsField.le (AbsField.abs (sub l (u N))) eps := by simpa [sub, AbsField.abs_sub_symm (u N) l] using H1 exact AbsField.le_trans _ _ _ Htri (AbsField.add_le_add _ _ _ _ H1' H2) have Hz : sub l m = AbsField.zero := AbsField.eq_of_forall_eps2 (sub l m) Hbound' exact AbsField.sub_eq_zero l m (by simpa [sub] using Hz) end Limits